...

東アジアの協調的発展――その展望と課題

by user

on
Category: Documents
9

views

Report

Comments

Transcript

東アジアの協調的発展――その展望と課題
Occasional Paper No.32
東アジアの協調的発展
∼その展望と課題∼
Cooperative Development of East Asia
Institute for International Monetar y Affairs
Institute for International Monetar y Affairs
公益財団法人 国際 通 貨研究 所
IIMA
– Hopes and Challenges –
ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
᪥㡭ࡼࡾࠊᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤࡢάື࡟ࡈ⌮ゎࠊࡈᨭ᥼㈷ࡾࡲࡋ࡚࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
࠾࠿ࡆࡉࡲ࡛ࠊᘢ◊✲ᡤࡶ௒ᖺ࡛タ❧࿘ᖺࢆ㏄࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢグᛕࡍ࡭
ࡁᖺ࡟㛤ദࡍࡿᅜ㝿㔠⼥ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡣࠊ࠸ࡘࡶ࡜ᑡࡋ㊃ྥࢆኚ࠼ࠊ
ࠕᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ༠ㄪⓗ
Ⓨᒎ㹼ࡑࡢᒎᮃ࡜ㄢ㢟ࠖ࡜㢟ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࠊ୰ᅜࠊ㡑ᅜࡢ୕ᅜࡢ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡸ⤒῭༠ㄪࢆࢸ࣮
࣐࡜ࡋ࡚㑅ࡧࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏࠊ୰ᅜࠊ㡑ᅜࡣࠊ㞄ᅜࡺ࠼࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ᦶ᧿ࢆᢪ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ㛗
ࡁ࡟ࢃࡓࡿṔྐࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡟すὒᩥ᫂࡜ࡣ୍⥺⏬ࡋࡓᩥ໬ࡸ౯್ほࡀ࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡺࡿࡂ࡞࠸஦ᐇ࡛ࡍࠋ⤒῭つᶍࡸᨻ἞ຊࡢ㠃࠿ࡽࡶ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢඛᑟᙺ࡜࡞ࡿ࡭ࡁ
ࡇࡢ࠿ᅜࡀࠊ࠸࠿࡟༠ㄪࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡑࡋ࡚ୡ⏺ࡢⓎᒎ࡟㈉⊩ࡋ࡚⾜ࡃ࡭ࡁ࠿ࠋ୰
ᅜ࣭㡑ᅜ࠿ࡽ⤒㦂㇏ᐩ࡞▱㆑ேࢆ࠾ᣍࡁࡋࠊᖜᗈ࠸ࢸ࣮࣐࡛㆟ㄽ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᮏ✏ࡣࠊ
ྠࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢳ࠾ࡼࡧࣃࢿ࣭ࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡢ
㆟ㄽࢆグ㘓࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡈ㛵ᚰࡢ࠶ࡿⓙᵝ᪉ࡢ௒ᚋࡢࡈ⪃ᐹ࡬ࡢ୍ຓ࡟࡞ࢀࡤ
ᖾ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ
2016 ᖺ 6 ᭶
බ┈㈈ᅋἲே ᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤ
Preface
Thanks to your warm understanding and continuous support to our activities at the
Institute of International Monetary Affairs, we are celebrating this year the 20th anniversary
of our institute’s establishment. Taking a chance of this memorable year, we held our 25th
International Financial Symposium on the East Asia, focusing on somewhat different aspect
from previous years. The title is “Cooperative Development of East Asia - Hopes and
Challenges”
China, Japan and Korea have had many kinds of frictions amongst each other all the
more because of being closely located to each other. The three countries, however, have
shared a long history. They have cultures and values which are totally different from those of
the west. But how can these three countries, co-operate as leaders in Asia in terms of their
economic scale and political powers, to contribute to the development of Asia as well as of
the world? We invited two well experienced and intellectual persons from China and Korea
to discuss a wide range of themes related to this.
We sincerely hope this record of the symposium will help give you much inspiration in
your business and academic considerations.
June 2016
Institute for International Monetary Affairs
ࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢ␎Ṕ㸭3URILOHV
⛬Ọ⳹
୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜ኱౑㤋 ≉࿨඲ᶒ኱౑
Cheng Yonghua
Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China to Japan
୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜእ஺㒊࡟ධ┬ᚋࠊ1977 ᖺࠊ୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜ㥔᪥ᮏᅜ኱౑㤋ࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢩ࢙࡜ࡋ࡚᮶᪥ࠋ1983
ᖺ࡟୰ᅜ࡬ᡠࡾࠊእ஺㒊࢔ࢪ࢔ᒁ࡟໅ົࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ஧ᅇࡢ㥔᪥኱౑㤋࡛ࡢ໅ົ㸦1989㹼92 ᖺ࡜ 1996㹼00
ᖺ㸧࡜እ஺㒊࢔ࢪ࢔ᒁ࡛ࡢ໅ົࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ2003 ᖺ୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜ㥔᪥ᮏᅜ኱౑㤋බ౑࡜ࡋ࡚᮶᪥ࠋ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ
࢔࡜኱㡑Ẹᅜࡢ≉࿨඲ᶒ኱౑࡜ࡋ࡚໅ົࡢᚋࠊ2010 ᖺࡼࡾ୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜ㥔᪥ᮏᅜ≉࿨඲ᶒ኱౑ࠋ
After joining the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Mr. Cheng Yonghua came to
Japan as an Attaché of the Embassy of the People's Republic of China to Japan in 1977. Afterwards,
including two assignments at the Embassy of the People's Republic of China to Japan (1989 to 1992 and
1996 to 2000) and several assignments at the Department of Asian Affairs Ministry of Foreign Affairs, he
came to Japan in 2003 as the Minister, Embassy of the People's Republic of China to Japan. After being
the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People's Republic of China to Malaysia and Korea,
he has been the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People's Republic of China to Japan
since 2010.
ྖ✵ኒ
ୡ⏺⤒῭◊✲㝔㝔㛗㸦ඖ㡑ᅜ㈈ົ኱⮧㸧
Il SaKong
Chairman, Institute for Global Economics
(Former Minister of Finance of South Korea)
㻌
㻌
㻌
㻌
㻌
1993 ᖺࡼࡾࢯ࢘ࣝࡢୡ⏺⤒῭◊✲㝔㸦Ẹ㛫㠀Ⴀ฼ᅋయ㸧ࡢ๰ᴗ⪅ཬࡧ㝔㛗ࠋ㈈ົ኱⮧㸦1987-88㸧ࠊ኱⤫
㡿ᗓ⤒῭㤳ᖍ⛎᭩ᐁ㸦1983-87㸧ࠊᅜ㝿⤒῭㈠᫆ᢸᙜ኱౑㸦2000-02㸧ࠊ኱⤫㡿⤒῭ᢸᙜ≉ู㢳ၥ㸦2008-09㸧ࠊ
ᅜᐙ➇தຊ኱⤫㡿ᑂ㆟఍఍㛗㸦2008-09㸧ࠊ2010 ᖺ G20 ࢯ࣭࢘ࣝࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ኱⤫㡿ㅎၥጤဨ఍ጤဨ㛗㸦2009-11㸧
࡞࡝ᨻᗓせ⫋ࢆṔ௵ࠋࡑࡢ௚ࠊᅜ㝿㏻㈌ᇶ㔠㸦IMF㸧≉ู㢳ၥ㸦1989-98㸧ࠊ㡑ᅜᅜ㝿㈠᫆఍఍㛗ࢆṔ௵ࠋ
Dr. Il SaKong is the founder and Chairman of the Institute for Global Economics, a private non-profit
research institute in Seoul since 1993. He served in the government of the Republic of Korea as Minister of
Finance (1987-88), Senior Secretary to the President for Economic Affairs (1983-87), Ambassador for
International Economy and Trade (2000-02), Special Economic Adviser to the President (2008-09),
Chairman of the Presidential Council on National Competitiveness (2008-09), and Chairman of the
Presidential Committee for the G20 Summit (2009-11). He also served as Special Consultant to the
International Monetary Fund (1989-98) and Chairman of the Korea International Trade Association
(2009-12).
(࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺ㡰㸭In the alphabetical order)
⾜ኳ ㇏㞝
ᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤ ⌮஦㛗
Toyoo Gyohten
President,
Institute for International Monetary Affairs
1955 ᖺᮾி኱Ꮫ༞ᴗᚋࠊ኱ⶶ┬㸦⌧㈈ົ┬㸧࡟ධ┬ࠊᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ฟྥࠊ㖟⾜࣭ᅜ㝿㔠⼥ᒁ➼ࢆ⤒࡚ 1986 ᖺ
㈈ົᐁࠋ1990 ᖺࣉࣜࣥࢫࢺࣥ኱Ꮫ࠾ࡼࡧࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫᐈဨᩍᤵࢆົࡵࠊ92 ᖺᮾி㖟⾜఍㛗࡟ᑵ௵ࠋ1995
ᖺࡼࡾᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤ⌮஦㛗ࠋ
Mr. Gyohten graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1955 and joined the Ministry of Finance. Serving in
a variety of bureaus including Banking and International Finance, and at international organizations, he
became Vice Minister of Finance for International Affairs in 1986. He taught at Princeton University and
Harvard University before he was named Chairman of the Bank of Tokyo Ltd. in 1992. Since 1995 he has
been president of the IIMA.
಴ෆ ᐀ኵ
ᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤ ᑓົ⌮஦
Muneo Kurauchi
Managing Director,
Institute for International Monetary Affairs
1978 ᖺ៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ༞ᴗᚋࠊᮾி㖟⾜㸦⌧୕⳻ᮾி UFJ 㖟⾜㸧ධ⾜ࠋᅜ㝿ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㒊ࠊࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚ
ࢡ໅ົ࡞࡝ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊᖖົᇳ⾜ᙺဨྡྂᒇႠᴗᮏ㒊㛗ࠊᑓົᇳ⾜ᙺဨᅜ㝿㒊㛛๪㒊㛛㛗࡞࡝ࢆṔ௵ࠋ2014 ᖺ
7 ᭶ࡼࡾᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤᑓົ⌮஦ࠋ
Mr. Kurauchi joined the Bank of Tokyo (presently the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.) in 1978. He took
up many important posts including Deputy Chief Executive of Global Business Unit of the BTMU as Senior
Managing Executive Officer. Since July 2014, he has been Managing Director of the IIMA.
┠ḟ㸭Contents
᪥ᮏㄒ∧
Japanese Version 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃1
ⱥㄒ∧
English Version 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃39
ᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡣ୺࡟᪥ᮏㄒ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋⱥㄒ∧ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡢグ㘓ࢆᙜ◊✲ᡤ࡛⩻ヂࡋ
ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
The English version is based on the transcript of the speeches and discussions which
were mainly conducted in Japanese.
᪥ᮏㄒ∧
Japanese Version
Occasional Paper No.32
➨ 25 ᅇ ᅜ㝿㔠⼥ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘
ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ༠ㄪⓗⓎᒎ
㹼ࡑࡢᒎᮃ࡜ㄢ㢟㹼
㸦᪥ᮏㄒ∧㸧
2016 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 25 ᪥ ⤒ᅋ㐃఍㤋
බ┈㈈ᅋἲே ᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤ
┠ḟ
㸯㸬㛤఍ࢫࣆ࣮ࢳ ............................................................................. 1
಴ෆ ᐀ኵ 㸦ᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤ ᑓົ⌮஦㸧
㸰㸬ᇶㄪㅮ₇ .................................................................................... 8
⾜ኳ ㇏㞝 㸦ᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤ ⌮஦㛗㸧
㸱㸬ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢඹྠⓎᒎ࡜୰ᅜࡢᙺ๭ ........................................... 15
⛬Ọ⳹ 㸦୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜ኱౑㤋 ≉࿨඲ᶒ኱౑㸧
㸲㸬G20 ࡢᙺ๭ࠊ᪥୰㡑ࡢᑗ᮶ ..................................................... 20
ྖ✵ኒ 㸦ୡ⏺⤒῭◊✲㝔 㝔㛗㸦ඖ㡑ᅜ㈈ົ኱⮧㸧㸧
㸳㸬ࣃࢿ࣭ࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ ..................................................... 25
㸴㸬ࣇࣟ࢔࣮࡜ࡢ㉁␲ᛂ⟅ ............................................................. 35
㸯㸬㛤఍ࢫࣆ࣮ࢳ
಴ෆ ᐀ኵ 㸦ᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤ ᑓົ⌮஦㸧
ᮏ᪥ࡣࡈከ⏝ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࡟࠾㞟
ࡲࡾ࠸ࡓࡔࡁㄔ࡟࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᘢ◊✲ᡤࡣࠊ࠾࠿ࡆࡉ
ࡲ࡛᫖ᖺ 12 ᭶ࠊタ❧ 20 ᖺࢆ㏄࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋᨵࡵ࡚ࠊⓙࡉࡲࡢ᪥㡭
ࡢࡈཌ᝟ࡈᨭ᥼࡟῝ࡃឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ୍ᒙࠊᅜ㝿㔠
⼥࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑓ㛛ᛶࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ◊✲ဨ୍ྠ☻
ࡁࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚⢭㐍ࡍࡿᡤᏑ࡟ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ᮏ᪥ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠊࠕᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ༠ຊⓗⓎᒎ 㹼ࡑࡢᒎᮃ࡜ㄢ㢟
㹼࡛ࠖࡍࠋ㐣ཤ 8 ᖺࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ 2008 ᖺࡢ㔠⼥༴ᶵ࡟㛵ࡍ
ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ㛫ࠊᡃࠎࡢ㢌ࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ㞄ࡾྜ
࠺ 3 ᅜࠊ᪥୰㡑ࡀࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢୡ⏺⤒῭ࡢⓎᒎࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊಙ㢗ࡢᇶ┙ࢆ⠏࠸࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ
࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠊࡑࢀࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࡋࡓࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ㛤࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ࢆᖖ࡟ᢪ࠸
࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼࡑࡢ᫬ࢆ㏄࠼ࡲࡍࠋ
ᮏ㢟ࡣࠊ᷄ୖࡢࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺ࡟࠾௵ࡏࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢃࡓࡃࡋࡢ᪉࠿ࡽࡣࠊᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤࡢ
20 ᖺࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࠊ᫬௦ࡢὶࢀ࡜ᡃࠎࡢάືࠊࡑࡋ࡚௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ㏙࡭ࡉࡏ࡚㡬ࡁࡲࡍࠋ
1.
1995 ᖺ IIMA タ❧
ᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤࡀタ❧ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣ 1995 ᖺ 12 ᭶ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ┤᥋ࡢࡁࡗ࠿ࡅࡣࠊᮾி㖟⾜
࡜୕⳻㖟⾜ࡢྜే࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡲ࡛ᅜ㝿ᛶࡢᙉ࠸ᑓ㛛ᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡗࡓᮾி㖟⾜ࡢㄪᰝᶵ⬟ࢆᘬ
ࡁ⥅࠸࡛ࡇࡢࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡࡣ⏕ࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ
1
2. 㑥㖟෌⦅
ᙜ᫬ࠊ୧⾜ࡣᅜෆᇶ┙࡜ᾏእᇶ┙ࢆ⿵᏶ࡋྜ࠺⌮᝿ࡢྜే࡜ホ౯ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ
ࢀࡣࡑࡢᚋ᪥ᮏࡀ⤒㦂ࡍࡿཝࡋ࠸㖟⾜෌⦅ࡢጞࡲࡾ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ1990 ᖺ௦ࡢࣂࣈࣝᔂቯ
ࡢᙳ㡪࠿ࡽࠊ1997 ᖺ࡟ࡣ኱ᡭࡢドๆࡸ㖟⾜ࡢಽ⏘ࡀ⥆ࡁࡲࡍࠋ1999 ᖺ࡟ࡣ୙Ⰻമᶒฎ⌮ࡢࡓ
ࡵࡢᩚ⌮ᅇ཰ᶵᵓࡀタ❧ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ⏕ࡁṧࡾࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊ࡯ࡰ౛እ࡞ࡃ࡝ࡢ㖟⾜ࡶ⤫ྜ෌⦅
ࡢἼ࡟ࡢࡲࢀࡲࡍࠋ1996 ᖺ࡟ 21 ⾜࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀࠊ10 ᖺᚋࡢ 2006 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 7 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟㞟⣙
ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
㻹㼕㼠㼟㼡 㼎㼕㼟㼔 㼕
㻝㻥㻥㻢
㻮㼀㻹
㻞㻜㻜㻝
㻹㼀㻲㻳
㻞㻜㻜㻢
㻞㻜㻜㻝
㼁㻲㻶㻌㻮㼍㼚㼗
㻹㼁㻲㻳
㻮 㼍㼚 㼗㻌㼛㼒 㻌㼀㼛㼗㼥㼛
㻹㼕㼠㼟㼡 㼎㼕㼟㼔 㼕㻌㼀㼞㼡㼟㼠
㻺㼕㼜㼜㼛㼚 㻌㼀㼞㼡 㼟㼠
㻿㼍㼚㼣㼍
㼀㼛㼗㼍㼕
㼀㼛㼥㼛㻌㼀㼞㼡 㼟㼠
㻞㻜㻜㻜
㻰㻷㻮
㻞㻜㻜㻟
㻹㼕㼦㼡㼔㼛㻌㻮㼍㼚㼗
㻹㼕㼦㼡 㼔 㼛
㻲㼡 㼖㼕
㻵㻮㻶
㼅㼍㼟㼡㼐㼍㻌㼀㼞㼡㼟㼠
㻞㻜㻜㻝
㻿㼡㼙㼕㼠㼛㼙㼛
㻿㼡㼙㼕㼠㼛㼙㼛㻌㻹㼕㼠㼟㼡㼕
㻮㼍㼚㼗
㻿㻹㻲㻳
㻿㼍㼗㼡 㼞㼍
㻞㻜㻜㻞
㻰㼍㼕㼣㼍
㻰㼍㼕㼣㼍㻌㻮㼍㼚㼗㻌㻴㻰
㻾㼑 㼟㼛㼚 㼍
㻭㼟㼍㼔 㼕
㻞㻜㻜㻜 㻯㼔㼡㼛㻌㻹㼕㼠㼟㼡㼕㻌㼀㼞㼡㼟㼠
㻹㼕㼠㼟㼡 㼕㻌㼀㼞㼡 㼟㼠
㻯㼔㼡㼛㻌 㼀㼞㼡㼟㼠
㻴㼛㼗㼗㼍㼕㼐㼛㻌㼀㼍㼗㼡 㼟㼔 㼛㼗㼡
㻮㼍㼚㼗
㻞㻜㻝㻝 㻿㼡㼙㼕 㼠㼛㼙㼛㻌 㻹㼕 㼠㼟 㼡㼕
㼀㼞㼡㼟 㼠㻌 㻴 㻰
㻝㻥㻥㻤㻌㻼㼍㼞㼠㼕㼍㼘㼘㼥㻌㼠㼞㼍㼚㼟㼒㼑㼞㼞㼑㼐
㻝㻥㻥㻣㻌㻯㼘㼛㼟㼑㼐
㻿㼡 㼙㼕㼠㼛㼙㼛㻌㼀㼞㼡 㼟㼠
3.
㻸㼀㻯㻮
㻝㻥㻥㻤㻌㻺㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㼕㼦㼑㼐
㻿㼔 㼕 㼚 㼟㼑 㼕 㻌㻮㼍㼚 㼗
㻺㼕㼜㼜㼛㼚 㻌㻯㼞㼑㼐㼕㼠
㻝㻥㻥㻤㻌㻺㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㼕㼦㼑㼐
㻭㼛 㼦㼛 㼞 㼍㻌㻮㼍㼚 㼗
࣮ࣘࣟᗎ᭤࡜࢔ࢪ࢔㏻㈌༴ᶵ
ྠࡌࡇࢁࠊᾏእ࡛ࡣ஧ࡘࡢฟ᮶஦ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡦ࡜ࡘࡣḢᕞࡢ࣮ࣘࣟㄌ⏕๓ࡢ⤒῭
཰ᩡ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔༴ᶵࡢຨⓎ࡛ࡍࠋḢᕞࡢඹ㏻㏻㈌ࡣ኱ᐇ㦂࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⤒῭ྜ
⌮ᛶ࠿ࡽ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜↓⌮ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡜ᠱᛕࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊ᥎ࡋ㐍ࡵࡿḢᕞேࡢពᚿࢆᑛᩗࡢᛕ
ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ぢࡘࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ㏻㈌༴ᶵࡣࠊ✺↛㉳ࡁࡓ኱ΰ஘࡛ࡋࡓࠋ1993
ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜࡢ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࣔࢹࣝࡣࠊୡ⏺㖟⾜࠿ࡽࠕወ㊧ࠖ࡜⛠㈶ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿
ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏࢆྵࡵ࡚Ẹ㛫ࢭࢡࢱ࣮࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶᨻ⟇ᙜᒁ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ኱ኚ࡞⾪ᧁ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
2
㻰㼑㼠㼑㼞㼕㼛㼞㼍㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㻭㼟㼕㼍㼚㻌㼏㼡㼞㼞㼑㼚㼏㼕㼑㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼏㼞㼕㼟㼕㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㻝㻥㻥㻣
㻝㻥㻥㻣ᖺ㏻㈌༴ᶵ᫬䛾䜰䝆䜰㏻㈌䛾ᭀⴠ
Converging interest rates toward the start of the Euro
䝴䞊䝻ྛᅜᨻᗓ䛾䜲䞊䝹䝗䝇䝥䝺䝑䝗
10
9
(%poi nts
a ga instGerman
govtbond)
120
1995/12=100
Portugal
8
Spain
7
Italy
100
80
Ireland
6
France
5
Thailand
60
4
Malaysia
3
40
Philippines
2
Korea
20
1
0
1995/1
1996/1
1997/1
1998/1
Indonesia
0
1994/12
1999/1
(Source) Datastream
1995/12
1996/12
1997/12
㻔㻿㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑㻕㻰㼍㼠㼍㼟㼠㼞㼑㼍㼙
◊✲ᡤࢆタ❧ࡋࡓ᫬ࠊᙜ㠃ࡢάືࡢᡂᯝࡣ࣮ࣘࣟ㛵㐃ࡔࢁ࠺࡜㋃ࢇ࡛ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡓࡕࡲ
ࡕ᪥ᮏࡢ㔠⼥෌⏕ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔༴ᶵ࡞࡝┒ࡾࡔࡃࡉࢇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔࢸ࣮࣐
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠕ᪥ᮏ⤒῭㺃㔠⼥ࡢ෌⏕ࠖࠊࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ㔠⼥Ᏻᐃ໬ࢆࡵࡊࡋ࡚ࠖࠊࠕࢻࣝ㺃෇࡟ᣮᡓࡍࡿ
᪂㏻㈌࣮ࣘࣟࠖ࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ
䛆ྲྀ䜚⤌䜣䛰䝔䞊䝬䛇
᪥ᮏ⤒῭䡡㔠⼥䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾
෌⏕
䜰䝆䜰䛾㔠⼥䝅䝇䝔䝮Ᏻ
ᐃ໬䜢䜑䛦䛧䛶
4.
䝗䝹䞉෇䛻ᣮᡓ䛩䜛᪂
㏻㈌䝴䞊䝻
࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ㔠⼥༠ຊࡢ㐍ᒎ
ࡑࡢᚋࠊ᫬௦ࡣ㏻㈌༴ᶵᚋࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ㔠⼥༠ຊ࡟⛣ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ㔠⼥༴ᶵ
࡟ⱞࡋࡳ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ㏻㈌༴ᶵࢆཷࡅ࡚࡞࠸ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦ༠ຊ࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆⓎ᥹
ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰ᅜࡶࠊࡇࡢࡇࢁ ASEANࠊNIEs ㏻㈌ࡢḟࡣேẸඖࡢ༴ᶵ࠿࡜┒ࢇ࡟ゝࢃࢀࡓࡢ
࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋⅭ᭰┦ሙࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࢔ࢪ࢔㔠⼥Ᏻᐃ࡟㈉⊩ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ㡑ᅜࡣࠊ༴ᶵᚋ࡟ᯝᩒ࡟⤒
῭㔠⼥ᨵ㠉ࢆ㐍ࡵ 1999 ᖺ࡟ࡣ V Ꮠᆺࡢᅇ᚟ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ᆅᇦ༠ຊࡶ኱࠸࡟㐍ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋⅭ᭰┦ሙࡢᏳᐃࡢࡓࡵࡢ CMI ࡀ 2000 ᖺ࡟⤖ࡤࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇ
ࢀࡣ 2010 ࡟ࡣ CMIM ࡟Ⓨᒎࡋ୍࡚ᒙᙉᅛ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋᇦෆࡢ㛗ᮇ㔠⼥ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡜
ࡋ࡚ ABMI ࡀ 2003 ᖺ࡟ྜពࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ㔠⼥Ᏻᐃࡢࡓࡵࡢࢧ࣮࣋࢖ࣛࣥࢫᶵ⬟࡜ࡋ࡚ AMRO
ࡀ 2011 ᖺ࡟Ⓨ㊊ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
3
㏻㈌◊✲ᡤ࡛ࡶࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᇦෆ༠ຊࡢ஦๓ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࡟ཧຍࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࢁࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡜
ࡋ࡚ࡣࠕ෇ࡢᅜ㝿໬ࠖࠊࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔ඹ㏻㏻㈌༢఩ࠖࠊࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔᱁௜ࡅᶵ⬟ࡢᣑ඘ࠖ࡞࡝ࠊᨻᗓࣞ࣋
ࣝࡢ༠ㄪࢆഃ㠃ᨭ᥼ࡍࡿෆᐜࡀከࡃྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
Year
2000
Achievement
ChangMaiInitiative(CMI)
2001 AssociationofCreditRatingAgenciesinAsia(ACRAA)
2003 AsiaBondMarketsInitiative(ABMI)
2004 AsiaBondOnline
2010 CMIMultilateralization(CMIM)
2011
ASEAN+3MacroeconomicResearchOffice
(AMRO)
2013 CreditGuaranteeandInvestmentFacility(CGIF)
5.
ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ㔠⼥༴ᶵ
࢔ࢪ࢔ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋ༴ᶵࡢᩍカࡀ⏕࠿ࡉࢀࠊᑐእമົ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣẚ㍑ⓗ೺඲࡞ጼࢆ⥔
ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊୡ⏺඲య࡛ぢࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡑࡢᚋࡶമົᣑ኱ࢆక࠺ᢞ㈨ࡢ㐣⇕
ࡸࡑࡢᚋࡢᛴῶ㏿ࡀ᫬ࠎ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࠊ2008 ᖺ࡟ࡣࡘ࠸࡟⡿ᅜ࡜Ḣᕞࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ㔠⼥
༴ᶵࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ100 ᖺ࡟୍ᗘ࡜ࡶゝࢃࢀࡿつᶍࡢ༴ᶵ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ2009 ᖺࡣୡ⏺඲య
࡛ࡶ GDP ᡂ㛗⋡ࡀࢮࣟᡂ㛗࡟㝗ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
༴ᶵࡢつᶍࡀ 100 ᖺ࡟୍ᗘ࡞ࡽࠊ༴ᶵᚋࡢᑐᛂࡶ๓௦ᮍ⪺ࡢࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝࡋࡓࠋඛ㐍ᅜࢆ୰
ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿ㉸㔠⼥⦆࿴࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ༴ᶵࡣࠊၥ㢟ࡢⓎಙ※ࡀḢ⡿࡜࠸࠺ᕷሙ⤒῭ࢆඛᑟࡍࡿᆅᇦ
ࡔࡗࡓࡔࡅ࡟ࠊୡ⏺୰ࡢேࠎ࡟ከࡃࡢ᰿ᮏⓗ࡞␲ၥࢆᢪ࠿ࡏࡲࡋࡓࠋ⡿ࢻࣝࢆ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡶᇶ
㍈㏻㈌࡜ࡋ࡚ಙ㢗ࡋ࡚࠸࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠊ࣮ࣘࣟࡣᮏᙜࡢḢᕞࡢ㔠⼥Ᏻᐃ࡟㈉⊩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ
ࡑࡶࡑࡶᕷሙ⤒῭ࢆ⡆༢࡟ಙዊࡋ࡚ࡼ࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ␲ၥ࡛ࡍࠋ
4
6.
༴ᶵᚋࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ᅜ㝿⛛ᗎࡢⱆ
ᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ౯್ほ࡬ࡢ␲ၥࡀᗈࡀࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸௙⤌ࡳࡸ᪂ࡋ࠸࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ
ⱆࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋ୺ᙺࡣ୰ᅜ࡛ࡍࠋேẸඖࡣࠊ㏆㞄ᅜ࡜ࡢ㈠᫆Ỵ῭㏻㈌ࠊࢫ࣡ࢵࣉ༠ᐃࠊ࢜
ࣇࢩࣙ࢔ᕷሙ࡛ࡢ㔠⼥㈨⏘࡜ࡋ࡚ᚎࠎ࡟Ꮡᅾឤࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ㐍ᒎࡢ኱ࡁ࡞୍㔛ሯ࡜ࡶ
࠸࠼ࡿࡢࡀࠊ᫖ᖺࡢ SDR ࡬ࡢேẸඖ⟬ධࡢỴᐃ࡜ AIIB ࡢタ❧࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᪥ᮏ࡜⡿ᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୰ᅜࡢྎ㢌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㈶ྰ୧ㄽ࡛ࡍࡀࠊSDR ࡢỴᐃ࡜ AIIB Ⓨ㊊ࡣࠊ஦ᐇࡣ஦ᐇ࡛
ࡍࠋ
ᡃࠎࡢ◊✲άືࡶࠊ༴ᶵᚋ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓᵝࠎ࡞␲ၥࡸㄢ㢟࡟ṇ㠃࠿ࡽྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋෑ㢌
࡛ࡶ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ㏻ࡾࠊᜏ౛ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣࠊ࢔ࣥࢢࣝࢆኚ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࡶ 8 ᖺ㐃⥆࡛⧞ࡾ㏉
ࡋ༴ᶵࡸࡑࡢᚋࡢᅇ᚟ࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࠕ༴ᶵᚋࡢᇶ㍈㏻㈌ࡢᑗ᮶ീࠖࠊࠕࢥࣥࣇ࢕ࢹࣥࢫ
ᅇ᚟ࡢ㐨➽ࠖ
ࠊࠕୡ⏺ࡣ⡿ᅜ฼ୖࡆࡢഛ࠼ࡣ༑ศ࠿ࠖ࡞࡝࡛ࡍࠋ
7. IT 㠉࿨
ࣞࣂࣞࢵࢪࡢ⭾ᙇࠊࣂࣈࣝᙧᡂࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᔂቯ࡜࠸࠺ࢡࣞࢪࢵࢺࡢࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿ
ഐࡽ࡛ࠊ╔ᐇ࡟᪂ࡋ࠸ᡂ㛗ࡢ௙⤌ࡳࡸᡂ㛗ࡢ୺ᙺࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡢࡶࡇࡢ 20 ᖺࡢ≉➹஦㡯࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡦ࡜ࡘࡣ IT 㠉࿨࡛ࡍࠋ90 ᖺ௦༙ࡤࡈࢁ࠿ࡽࠕNew Economyࠖ࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿ᝟ሗ㏻ಙᢏ⾡ࡢ
㣕㌍ⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࠊ⏘ᴗ㠉࿨௨᮶࡜ࡶゝࢃࢀࡿ኱ࡀ࠿ࡾ࡞⏕⏘ᕤ⛬ࡢ㐍໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡋ
ࡓࠋ㔠⼥⏘ᴗࡶࡋ࠿ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ࠾㔠ࡢὶࢀࡀ⮬ᅾ࡟ศゎࡉࢀࣜࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪࡉࢀ᪂ࡋ࠸ၟရࡀ㛤
Ⓨࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋᢞ㈨ᐙࡢ᪂ၟရ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟⡆༢࡟࡞ࡾࠊࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡟ྥ࠿࠸ࢡࣜࢵ
ࢡࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛ࠊ㐲ࡃ㞳ࢀࡓᅜࡢ㔠⼥ၟရ࡟ᢞ㈨࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ㔠⼥ࡢࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕
ࣅࢸ࢕ࡣ᱁ẁ࡟㧗ࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㔠⼥ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ⣽ศ໬࡜ᢞ㈨ࡢ⣲ே໬ࡣࠊ」㞧ᛶࡢ㧗ࡲࡾ࡜ࠊ୍᪦ၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ
ࡓ᫬ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡢ୙㏱᫂ࡉࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࡢᢞ㈨ᐙࡢࣃࢽࢵࢡ⾜ືࢆ⏕ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋIT 㠉࿨ࡢࡇࡢ
ഃ㠃ࡣࠊ୍᪦኱ࡁ࡞཯┬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
୍᪉ࠊࡲࡔᗈࡀࡾ࡟㝿㝈ࡀぢ࠼࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࣈࣟࢵࢡࢳ࢙࣮ࣥࡸࠊࡑࢀࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࡋ
ࡓ௬᝿㏻㈌ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡶ IT 㠉࿨ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ᡂᯝ࡛ࡍࠋ
5
ICT revolution
IT㠉࿨
Higher accessibility
of amateur investors
ᢞ㈨ᐙ䛾⣲ே໬
Global connectivity
䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹໬
New financial
products
᪂䛧䛔㔠⼥ၟရ
Excessive division of
financial process
㔠⼥䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾㐣ᗘ䛺
⣽ศ໬
Blockchain
䝤䝻䝑䜽䝏䜵䞊䞁
High complexity and
low traceability
」㞧ᛶ䛸㏣㊧ྍ⬟ᛶ䛾ၥ㢟
Digital currency
௬᝿㏻㈌
8. ࢔ࢪ࢔୰㛫ᒙࡢຨ⯆
ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢᡂ㛗ࡢ୺ᙺࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ୰㛫ᒙ࡛ࡍࠋ2000 ᖺ࡟ධࡾࠊࡇࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ୡ⏺⤒῭ࡢ୺
ᙺࡢⓏሙࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟኱ࡁ࡞ኚ໬ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡲࡍࠋ⤒῭❧ᆅ᮲௳ࡀࠊ⏕⏘ᣐⅬ࠿ࡽࠊᾘ㈝ᕷሙ
࡬࡜ኚࢃࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㔠⼥ᵓ㐀࡟ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ኚ໬ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡲࡍࠋ௻ᴗάືࡢ୰ᚰࡀ㍺ฟ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ
㔠⼥ࡢ୺ᙺ㏻㈌ࡣࢻ࡛ࣝࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᆅඖ࡛ࡢ㈍኎࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡜ᆅሙ㏻㈌ࡀ୺ᙺ࡟᥮ࢃࡗ࡚
࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ኎ୖࡆࡀᆅሙ㏻㈌࡞ࡽ࣮ࣟࣥࡶᆅሙ㏻㈌࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣮ࣟࣥࡀᆅሙ㏻㈌࡞ࡽࠊ㡸
㔠㞟ࡵࡢᨭᗑ⥙ࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋᆅඖ㖟⾜ࡀ㖟⾜ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୺ᙺ࡟࡞ࡾࠊᆅሙࡢ㔠⼥
࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
Emergence of middle class
୰㛫ᒙ䛾ຨ⯆
Changing role of Asia
䜰䝆䜰䛾⤒῭❧ᆅ䛾ኚ໬
Production base
⏕⏘ᣐⅬ
Consumer market
ᾘ㈝ᕷሙ
Changing characteristic of Asian finance
䜰䝆䜰㔠⼥䛾ኚ໬
More finances in
local currency
⌧ᆅ㏻㈌ᘓ䛶㔠⼥
䛾ᣑ኱
More development of local
infrastructure
and local institutions
ᆅሙ㔠⼥䜲䞁䝣䝷䚸ᆅሙ㖟⾜䛾
㔜せᛶ䛾㧗䜎䜚
6
IT ࡜୰㛫ᒙࡣࠊࢡࣞࢪࢵࢺࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎ╔ᐇ࡟㐍ᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃኚ໬࡛ࡍࠋᡃࠎࡶࠊ
ࠕᆅ
ᇦ㔠⼥ࡢⓎᒎ࡜࢔ࢪ࢔ྛᅜࡢᙺ๭ࠖ
ࠊ
ࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔Ỵ῭ࡢ෇⁥໬ࠖ
ࠊ
ࠕྛᅜࡢ㖟⾜ࢭࢡࢱ࣮ㄪᰝࠖࠊ
ࠕࣅ
ࢵࢺࢥ࢖ࣥࠖ࡞࡝ࠊࡇࡢኚ໬࡟ἢࡗࡓ◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ㏣࠸࠿ࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋ
9. IIMA-GMVI
᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࡲࡍ࡜㠀ᖖ࡟┠ࡲࡄࡿࡋ࠸ 20 ᖺ࡛ࡋࡓࠋከࡃࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࠊከࡃࡢᩍカࢆᚓࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋṧᛕ࡞ࡇ࡜࡟ࠊᕷሙ⎔ቃࢆぢࡲࡍ࡜ࠊᩍカࢆ⏕࠿ࡋ࡚ࡇࢀ࡛Ᏻᚰ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ࠶
ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
㏻㈌◊✲ᡤ࡛ࡣࠊ2013 ᖺ࡟ୡ⏺ 22 ࣧᅜࡢⅭ᭰ࠊമๆࠊᰴᘧᕷሙࢆ⥲ྜࡋࡓ࣎ࣛࢸ࢕ࣜࢸ
࢕࣭࢖ࣥࢹࢵࢡࢫࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊ᪥ḟࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚බ⾲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ࢖ࣥࢹࢵࢡࢫࡢ᭱㏆
ࡢືࡁࢆぢࡲࡍ࡜ࠊᑠࡉ࡞ᒣ࡜㇂ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡘࡘࠊᚎࠎ࡟ᢞ㈨ᐙࡢࢭࣥࢳ࣓ࣥࢺࡢࢺࣞࣥࢻ
ࡀᝏ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᵝᏊࡀ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ࣮࣐ࣜࣥࢩࣙࢵࢡࡢ๓࡜ఝ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᜍࡽࡃᕷሙ
ࡣࠊඛ㐍ᅜࡢ㉸ప㔠฼ࡢ㛫࡟✚ࡳୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ㏵ୖᅜࡢ㐣๫മົࢆ୙Ᏻどࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛
ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࢆዴఱ࡟ฎ⌮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤࡶࠊᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᣦᶆࢆ㥑౑ࡋ࡚㎿㏿࡟࢛࣮࢘ࢽࣥࢢࢆⓎࡍࡿ࡜
ྠ᫬࡟ࠊྛᅜࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀ┿ᦸ࡟ヰࡋྜ࠼ࡿሙࢆᥦ౪ࡋࠊࡑࡢᮦᩱ࡜࡞ࡿ◊✲ࢆ῝ࡵⓎಙࡋ
࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡝࠺ࡒኚࢃࡽࡠࡈᨭ᥼ࢆᐅࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ
7
㸰㸬ᇶㄪㅮ₇
⾜ኳ ㇏㞝 㸦ᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤ ⌮஦㛗㸧
ᮏ᪥ࡣᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤ 20 ࿘ᖺグᛕࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࡟ἑᒣࡢ
ⓙࡉࡲ࡟࠾㞟ࡲࡾ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ኱ኚឤㅰ⮴ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࡈᢎ▱࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡣ௒ᅇ࡛ 25 ᅇ┠࡛
ࡍࠋ௒ࡲ࡛ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡣ኱య࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆ
ヰࡑ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊḢ⡿ࡢ᪉ࢆྵࡵ࡚ୡ⏺୰࠿ࡽࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺ
࡟࠾㞟ࡲࡾ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡣ 20 ࿘ᖺ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ≉࡟ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟↔Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡇ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ௒ᅇࡢࡼ
࠺࡞ᵓᡂ࡟ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ᖾ࠸࡟ࡋ࡚ඛ࡯࡝ࡈ⤂௓ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୰ᅜ࡜㡑ᅜ࠿
ࡽ㠀ᖖ࡟❧ὴ࡞ࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢ࠾஧ே࡟ཧຍࢆ㡬ࡁࡲࡋ࡚⚾ࡓࡕࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟႐ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣ 1931 ᖺࠊ‶ᕞ஦ኚࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓᖺ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ௨᮶ 1945 ᖺࡢᩋᡓࡲ࡛ 15
ᖺ㛫ࡣࡎࡗ࡜ᡓதࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ 15 ᖺ㛫ࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔඲ᇦ࡟㠀ᖖ࡟῝࠸യ㊧ࢆṧ
ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ 1945 ᖺ࡟ࡸࡗ࡜ᡓதࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚࠿ࡽ௒ᖺ࡛ 70 ᖺ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢ 70 ᖺࡢṔ
ྐࡣࡇࢀࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟Ἴ஘࡟ᐩࢇࡔࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊከࡃࡢᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㠀ᖖ࡞ᅔ㞴࡜ྠ᫬࡟㠀ᖖ
࡞ᕼᮃࡀᣢ࡚ࡓ 70 ᖺࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ᡃࠎ᪥ᮏ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊ1945 ᖺᙜ᫬ࡣከࡃࡢ⾤ࡀ✵く࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᏶඲࡞ᗫቕ࡜໬
ࡋࠊGDP ࡢ 3 ศࡢ 1 ࢆኻࡗࡓ≧ែ࠿ࡽࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ 70 ᖺࡢ㛫࡟ᡃࠎࡣ࡞
ࢇ࡜࠿ࡇࡢ≧ែࢆᅇ᚟ࡋ࡚ୡ⏺࡛ࡶ᭷ᩘࡢ⤒῭࡟࡞ࡾࠊᙜ᫬࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ㞜⾜ⓗⓎᒎ㸦geese
formation㸧ࡢඛ㢌ࢆษࡗ࡚㉮ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
ḟ࡟⯆ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣ㡑ᅜ࡛ࡍࠋ㡑ᅜࡣᡓᚋ♽ᅜࡢ༡໭࡬ࡢศ᩿࡜ᮅ㩭ᡓத࡜࠸࠺㠀ᖖ࡟
ཝࡋ࠸ヨ⦎ࢆࡢࡾࡇ࠼࡚ࠊ“₎Ụࡢወ㊧”࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿⓎᒎࢆ㐙ࡆࠊඛ㐍ᕤᴗᅜࡢ୍ဨ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ
ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚୰ᅜࡣ 1949 ᖺࡢᘓᅜ௨᮶ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᅜෆࡢΰ஘ࢆඞ᭹ࡋ࡚ 1980 ᖺ௦
࠿ࡽࡣ㛤ᨺᨵ㠉ᨻ⟇ࡢୗ࡛㦫␗ⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾୡ⏺➨஧ࡢ⤒῭኱ᅜ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡇࡢᡃࠎ3 ࢝ᅜࡢⓎᒎࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇ 3 ⪅ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲ
ࡍࡀࠊྠ᫬࡟⚾ࡣ 2 ࡘࡢඹ㏻Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡦ࡜ࡘࡣఱ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ
ࡇࡢ 3 ᅜ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⤒῭Ⓨᒎ࡜⏕άࡢྥୖ࡜࠸࠺ୖ᪼ᚿྥࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ᖜᗈࡃᅜẸ඲యࡢ㛫
࡛ඹ᭷ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ୰࠿ࡽ㠀ᖖ࡞ດຊ࡜๰ពࢆࡶࡗࡓ௻ᴗᐙࡶ㍮ฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ 8
ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘ኱஦࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ᅜẸࡢᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓຊࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟ୖᡭ࡟ຠ⋡ⓗ࡟⤌⧊໬
ࡋ࡚ᅜ඲యࡢⓎᒎ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊඃࢀࡓᣦᑟຊࢆᣢࡗࡓබⓗ࡞ࢭࢡࢱ࣮ࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࡇ
࡜ࡀᡂຌࡢ኱ࡁ࡞せᅉ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣉࣛ࢖࣮࣋ࢺ࡞฼┈ࡢ㏣
ồ࡜ᅜᐙⓗ࡞฼┈ࡢ㏣ồࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟ᕦጁ࡟⼥ྜࡋ࡚Ⓨᒎࢆ㐙ࡆࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ࠸࠺࡞ࢀࡤᅜᐙ㈨
ᮏ୺⩏࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࠺ࡿ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᅜᐙ㈨ᮏ୺⩏ࣔࢹࣝࡣᅜෆ
㈓⵳ࢆቑᙉࡋ࡚ࠊ୺࡜ࡋ࡚ᢞ㈨࡜㍺ฟ࡛ᡂ㛗ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㠀ᖖ࡟᭷ຠ࡞ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡗ
ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࠊᡃࠎ᪥୰㡑 3 ᅜࡣᶍ⠊⏕࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣ㛗ࡃ⥆ࡁࡍࡂࡿ࡜ไᗘ⑂ປࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡍࠋつไࡀ㛗ᘬࡃ࡜᪤ᚓᶒࢆ
⏕ࡳࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽᙜ↛ở⫋⭉ᩋࡢ ᗋࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟⤒῭♫఍ࡀᮏ᮶ᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀ
ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸⮬ᕫί໬ຊࠊ⮬ࡽࢆࡓ࠼ࡎ▹ṇࡋ࡚࠸ࡃຊࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㠉᪂ࡢຊࡀኻࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡁ
ࡲࡍࡋࠊᅜෆࡢᾘ㈝ࡀఙࡧࡎ࡟⤒῭ࡢᡂ㛗ࡶࡔࢇࡔࢇ࡜⾶࠼࡚ࡃࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ែ࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ
࡛ࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾᅜᐙ㈨ᮏ୺⩏࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡟ࡣ㈹࿡ᮇ㝈ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢᮇ㝈ࢆࡍࡂࡿ࡜ࡉࡲࡊࡲ
࡞ᘢᐖࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡑ࠺࡞ࡿ࡜࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢኚ᭦࡜ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ
࡞ᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ1950 ᖺ௦ࠊ60 ᖺ௦ࡣᙜ᫬ࡢࣈࣞࢺ࣭ࣥ࢘ࢵࢬయไࡢୗ࡛ࠊඛ࡯
࡝⏦ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟኱ኚᛴ㏿࡞Ⓨᒎࢆ㐙ࡆࠊᡤᚓಸቑィ⏬࡞࡝ࡶ 60 ᖺ௦࡟ᡂຌࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
࡜ࡇࢁࡀ 1970 ᖺ௦࡟ධࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࣈࣞࢺ࣭ࣥ࢘ࢵࢬయไࡀᔂቯࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ▼Ἔ༴ᶵࡀ
㉳ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟Ᏻ࠿ࡗࡓ▼Ἔ౯᱁ࡀ㧗㦐ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ 2 ࡘࡢฟ᮶஦࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ
ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ᪥ᮏࡢ㧗ᗘᡂ㛗ࣔࢹࣝࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᡴᧁࢆཷࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ᪥ᮏࡢࡑࢀ
ࡲ࡛ࡢᡂ㛗ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ≉ᐃࡢᕤᴗ〇ရࡢ㍺ฟ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢࣔࢹࣝࡀᅔ㞴
࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ〇㐀ᴗࡣࡇࡢ 70 ᖺ௦ࡢ㠀ᖖ࡟
኱ࡁ࡞ᡴᧁ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ྜ⌮໬ࡢດຊ࡛ᅜ㝿➇தຊࡢ⥔ᣢࢆࡣ࠿ࡾࠊ┦ᙜ
⛬ᗘᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ⡿ᅜࡢ኱ࡁ࡞㈠᫆㉥Ꮠ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐẚ
ࡉࢀࡿ᪥ᮏࡢ኱ࡁ࡞㈠᫆㯮Ꮠ࡜࠸࠺ᅜ㝿཰ᨭࡢ୙ᆒ⾮ࡣゎᾘࡋࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ
1980 ᖺ௦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡈᢎ▱ࡢ㏻ࡾ᭷ྡ࡞ࣉࣛࢨྜព➼ࠎࢆዎᶵ࡟ࡋࡓᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㏻㈌ㄪᩚࠊせ
ࡍࡿ࡟෇㧗ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ᙜ᫬ࡢ᪥ᮏࡣ 2 ࡘࡢᑐ⟇࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡇࡢ஦ែ࡟ᑐฎࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ1 ࡘࡣ㈠᫆㯮Ꮠࢆῶ
ࡽࡍࡓࡵෆ㟂ࢆᣑ኱ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟㈈ᨻ㔠⼥ᨻ⟇࡜࠸࠺࣐ࢡࣟᨻ⟇࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ෆ㟂ࢆ኱ᖜ࡟่⃭ࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ᅜෆࡢᨻ⟇࡛ࡍࠋࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡣᾏእࠊ≉࡟࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ᑐ
ࡋ࡚┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࢆᛴቑࡉࡏࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ 1980 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪥ᮏࡢ┤᥋
ᢞ㈨ࡢᣑ኱ࡣࠊᚋ࠿ࡽ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜࢔ࢪ࢔඲యࡢᕤᴗ໬ࡢಁ㐍࡟㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁࡃ㈉⊩ࡋࡓ
ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
9
ࡋ࠿ࡋṧᛕ࡞ࡇ࡜࡟ᅜෆࡢ࣐ࢡࣟᨻ⟇ࡣࠊྠ᫬࡟ᚲせࡔࡗࡓᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉ࢆ༑ศ࡟కࡗ࡚࠸
࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ࡣ 1980 ᖺ௦ࡢᚋ༙࠿ࡽᕧ኱࡞㈨⏘ࣂࣈࣝࢆ⏘ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡞ࡀࡽ 1990 ᖺ௦ࡢึࡵ࡟ࡣࡇࡢࣂࣈࣝࡣᔂቯࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࣂࣈࣝ⮬యࡀ㠀ᖖ
࡟኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢᔂቯࡢᡴᧁࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟࠸࠼ࡤ
᪥ᮏࡢ௻ᴗࡸᐙィࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢩ࣮ࢺࡢᝏ໬ࡣᴟࡵ࡚኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࢀ࡟ຍ
࠼࡚ࡇࡢࣂࣈࣝࡢⓎ⏕࡜ᔂቯ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡜ࡽࢀࡓᨻ⟇ࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
ලయⓗ࡟ゝ࠺࡜ࠊ㔠⼥ࡢ⥾ࡵ㐜ࢀࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࣂࣈࣝࡀᔂቯࡋࡓᚋࡢ㔠⼥ࡢ⦆ࡵࡢ㐜ࢀࠊ࡜
࠸࠺ᨻ⟇࣑ࢫࡶ㔜࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊㄔ࡟ṧᛕ࡞ࡇ࡜࡞ࡀࡽ 1990 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ 2000 ᖺ௦ࡢ 20 ᖺ࡟࠾ࡼ
ࡪ೵ࡀ⥆࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
2013 ᖺ࡟ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࡲࡋࡓ⌧ᅾࡢᏳಸᨻᶒࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࠊࡇࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ㛗ᮇ೵ࢆ⬺ࡍࡿࡓࡵ
ࡢ୍㐃ࡢᨻ⟇ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࢔࣋ࣀ࣑ࢡࢫ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿᨻ⟇ࡀࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࡣࡲࡉ࡟ࡑࡢ
ᨻ⟇ࡢᡂྰࡀၥࢃࢀࡿṇᛕሙ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࡇࡢ 1980 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙ࡢ෇㧗࡜ࣂ
ࣈࣝࡢ᫬௦࡟ࠊᖾ࠿୙ᖾ࠿㈈ົ┬ࡢ㈈ົᐁࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᖾࡏࡔࡗࡓࡢ࠿୙ᖾࡔࡗࡓ
ࡢ࠿௒࡛ࡶࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊᙜ᫬ࡣࡈᢎ▱ࡢ㏻ࡾᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞⤒῭ᨻ⟇࣭㔠⼥ᨻ⟇ࡢᑐヰࡀ⾜
ࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣ G5㸦⡿࣭ⱥ࣭⊂࣭௖࣭᪥㸧ࠊᚋ࡟࢖ࢱࣜ࢔࡜࢝ࢼࢲࡀຍࢃࡗࡓ G7 ࡢሙ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
ᙜ᫬᪥ᮏࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔࠿ࡽࡢ၏୍ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡛ࡋࡓࠋ᪥ᮏࡢ኱ࡁ࡞㯮Ꮠ࡜෇㧗ࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ᅜ㝿
ⓗ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽࡳࡓ᪥ᮏࡢ㔠⼥ຊࡣ␗ᵝ࡟ᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺┠࡛ࡳࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
௒࠿ࡽᛮ࠸ฟࡍ࡜ࠊᙜ᫬ࡢḢ⡿ㅖᅜࡢ᪥ᮏࢆぢࡿ┠ࡣࠊᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡞ࡀࡽ࠸ࡉࡉ࠿ࡢ᎖ጊ
࡜࠸ࡉࡉ࠿ࡢ㆙ᡄᚰࡢΰࡌࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛ࡣ⮬ศࡓ
ࡕࡢຊࡀୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ࡲࡔ༑ศㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠊ࡞࡟ࡀࡋ࠿ࡢ୙‶࡜ࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡣᮏᙜ
࡟ୡ⏺ࡢิᙉࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞㈐௵ࢆᯝࡓࡍ⏝ពࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠼ࡤࡑࢀࡣࡲ
ࡔᛮ࠸ࡀ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠊⱥㄒ࡛࠸࠺࡜ ambivalent㸦࢔ࣥࣅࣂࣞࣥࢺ㸧࡜ゝ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡋ
ࡻ࠺࠿ࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ឤࡌࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡋࡲࡍࠋ
᪥ᮏࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔࠿ࡽࡢ၏୍ࡢ௦⾲࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ୰࡛᪥ᮏࢆ࢔ࢪ
࢔ࡢ௦⾲࡜ࡋ࡚ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ሙ࡛ά㌍ࡉࡏࡿ௙⤌ࡳࡀฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡓ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇ
࡛ࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ⚾ࡣࡇࡢ G5 ࡞ࡾ G7 ࡢሙ࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ௦⾲ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
ࢆ࠶ࡲࡾព㆑ࡶࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡋࠊࡲࡓࡑ࠺࠸࠺௙⤌ࡳࡑࡢࡶࡢࡶ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᙜ᫬
ࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ⚾ࡀࡸࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊG5 ࡞ࡾ G7 ࡢ఍ྜࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓᚋࡣ᪥ᮏ࡟ᡠࡗ࡚࠿
ࡽ୺ࡔࡗࡓ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᅜࠎࢆゼၥࡋ࡚ࠊᙜ᫬ࡲࡉ࡟ྖ✵⌮஦㛗ࡀ㡑ᅜ࡛ࡣ㈈ົ኱⮧ࢆࡋ࡚࠾
ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࠊᙼࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡬࠸ࡗ࡚ G7 ࡛ࡣ௒ࡇࢇ࡞ヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼࠊ࡜࠸࠺᝟ሗ஺᥮ࢆࡍࡿ
⛬ᗘࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ୰ࡢ≧ἣ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ௒࠿ࡽ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚㠀ᖖ࡟Ⰻ࠿ࡗࡓ࡞࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢࡣࠊ
G5 ࡛࠶ࢀ G7 ࡛࠶ࢀࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶୡ⏺ࡢ⤒῭࡟ࡑࢀ࡞ࡾࡢᙺ๭ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᅜࡢேࠎࡀ㞟
ࡲࡗ࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐࡛ࣝࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀ࠺ࡕ࡜ࡅࡓヰࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝᙜ↛
10
ே㛫ྠኈࡢಙ㢗ឤࡶ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡣ௒࠿ࡽᛮࡗ࡚ࡶⰋ࠿ࡗࡓ࡞࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡲ
ࡍࠋ
1970 ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢ≧ἣࡣ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㡑ᅜࡢሙྜࡣ 1997
ᖺ௨㝆ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔㔠⼥༴ᶵ࡛㔠⼥ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᡴᧁࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊᙜ᫬ IMF ࡢ㠀ᖖ࡟
ཝࡋ࠸⟶⌮ࡢࡶ࡜࡛኱ኚ㞴ࡋ࠸ᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ⤒ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡶ 1990 ᖺ௦௨㝆
࡟ᛴ㏿࡟Ⓨᒎࢆ㐙ࡆࠊ21 ୡ⣖࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡇࡢ㉸㧗ᗘᡂ㛗ࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࡦࡎࡳࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ⌧ᅾࡢ⩦㏆ᖹయไࡢୗ࡛ࡣㄪ࿴࡜ᑠᗣࢆࡵࡊࡋࡓ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ᪂ᖖែ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡢᨵ㠉
ࡀጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ 3 ࢝ᅜ࡟ඹ㏻ࡋࡓࠊඛ࡯࡝⏦ࡋࡲࡋࡓᅜᐙ㈨ᮏ୺⩏ࢆಟṇࡍࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ⪃࠼
࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇ 3 ࢝ᅜࡢ≧ἣࡣ㐪࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊඹ㏻ࡋࡓᩍカࡸ཯┬Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡢ㝈ࡽࢀࡓ⤒㦂࠿ࡽ⏦ࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶᙜᒁࡢ❧ሙ࠿
ࡽࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ୍␒኱஦࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺࠊࡘࡲࡾᅜᐙ㈨ᮏ୺⩏ࢆಟṇࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ
⤖ᒁ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾྜ࠸ࢆᚑ᮶௨ୖ࡟ᖜᗈࡃዟ῝ࡃࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ࣐࣮ࢣ
ࢵࢺ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆࡼࡃ▱ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࡑࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺࡣఱࢆồࡵ࡚࡝
ࡕࡽ࡬ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ືࡇ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡋ࡚࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺࡢᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿຊ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࡝ࡢ
ࡃࡽ࠸࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ฟ᮶ࡿࡔࡅⓗ☜࡞ุ᩿ຊࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲ
ࡏࢇࠋྠ᫬࡟ᙜᒁࡢ᪉࠿ࡽ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ࡬ࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࠊࡘࡲࡾᨻ⟇ࡢពᅗࢆฟ᮶ࡿࡔࡅṇ☜
࡟ఏ࠼ࡿࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᙜᒁࡢᨻ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㏱᫂ᛶࢆ☜ಖࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ኱஦ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋゝⴥࢆኚ࠼࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢಙ㢗㛵ಀ࡜ࢥ
࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚༑ศ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋࡲ
ࡍࠋ
ᙜ᫬ࡢୡ⏺⤒῭ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ➨ 2 ḟ኱ᡓᚋୡ⏺⤒῭඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤᅄ༙ୡ⣖࡟ࢃ
ࡓࡿࣈࣞࢺ࣭ࣥ࢘ࢵࢬయไࡢୗ࡛㈠࣭᫆ᢞ㈨ࡶᣑ኱ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡋࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᢏ⾡㐍Ṍࡀ
⾜ࢃࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ඲ୡ⏺ⓗ࡟⏕άỈ‽ࡣྥୖࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ1990 ᖺ௦࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࢯ㐃㑥ࡀ
ᔂቯࡋ࡚෭ᡓࡶ⤊⤖ࠊࡑࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࢔ࣥࢢࣟࢧࢡࢯࣥᆺࡢẸ୺୺⩏࣭ᕷሙ⤒῭ࡀ
௒ࡸୡ⏺ඹ㏻ࡢࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺୍✀ࡢᏳᚰឤࡶ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᭷ྡ࡞ࣇࣛࣥࢩ
ࢫ࣭ࣇࢡ࣐ࣖࡉࢇࡢࠕṔྐࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡶࡑࡢ㡭ฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ 20 ୡ⣖ࡶ⤊ࢃࡾ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࠊୡ⏺⤒῭࡟ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᆅẆኚື࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞
㠀ᖖ࡟㔜኱࡞ 3 ࡘࡢኚ໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠊ➨ 1 ࡢኚ໬ࡣ⏦ࡍࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ᝟ሗᢏ⾡ࡢ
㠉࿨ⓗ࡞Ⓨ㐩࡛ࠊ⤒῭ࠊ♫఍ࠊᨻ἞ࠊ㌷஦ࠊ࠶ࡾ࡜࠶ࡽࡺࡿศ㔝࡛ᚑ᮶ࡢࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࡀ඲
ࡃኚࢃࡿࡼ࠺࡞኱ࡁ࡞ኚ໬ࡀ㉳ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ᝟ሗᢏ⾡ࡢኚ໬ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓᆅẆኚື࡜࠸
11
࠺ࡢࡣᐇࡣ௒᪥ࡶ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚⥆࠸࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣ௒ᚋࡲࡍࡲࡍ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࠿
ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
2 ␒┠ࡢᆅẆኚືࡣ⤒῭࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࠊࣇ࢓࢖ࢼࣥࢫࡢᙺ๭ࡀᛴᣑ኱ࢆࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟࠶ࡿࡢࡣ⏦ࡍࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᅜ㝿ⓗ୙ᆒ⾮ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽᴫࡋ
࡚୺せᅜ࡛࡜ࡽࢀࡓ኱ኚ⦆࿴ⓗ࡞㔠⼥ᨻ⟇ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ὶືᛶࡀ㐣๫࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡜ࠊࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࣇ࢓࢖ࢼࣥࢩ࣭࢚ࣕࣝࣥࢪࢽ࢔ࣜࣥࢢࠊ㔠⼥ᕤᏛࡢⓎ㐩࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ὴ⏕ၟရ࣭ドๆ໬ၟရ࡞࡝ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ㔠⼥ᕷሙ࡛ࡢ
ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡶᩘࡀቑ࠼ࠊ㔠⼥ᕷሙࡑࡢࡶࡢࡶᚑ᮶ࡢሙ❧ࡕࡢୡ⏺࠿ࡽࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣥࡢୖ࡛ࡢ
ࣂ࣮ࢳࣕࣝ࡞࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࠊ㔠⼥ၟရࡶࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡶ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺࡶ᰿ᮏⓗ࡟ኚࢃ
ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚⤒῭࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࡢᙺ๭ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁࡃᣑ኱ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
➨ 3 ࡢᆅẆኚືࡣඛ࡯࡝಴ෆࡉࢇࡢヰ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊḢ⡿࠿ࡽ࢔ࢪ࢔ࠊ≉࡟୰ᅜ࡟
ྥࡅࡓ⤒῭ຊࡢ㔜ᚰࡢ⛣ື࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ 21 ୡ⣖࡟ධࡗ࡚⏕ࡲࢀࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ኚ໬ࡣᙜ↛㐪ࡗࡓᙧࡢ༴ᶵࢆ⏘ࡴࢃࡅ࡛ࠊ20
ୡ⣖᭱ᚋࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔༴ᶵ㸦1997㸪98 ᖺ㸧ࡸ 2001 ᖺࡢ IT ༴ᶵࠊ2008 ᖺࡢ࣮࣐࣭ࣜࣥࢩࣙࢵ
ࢡ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ḟࠎ࡜᪂ࡋ࠸༴ᶵࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽぢࡿ࡜ 1997ࠊ98 ᖺࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔༴ᶵ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀ௨๓ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ㠀ᖖ
࡟ᛴ㏿࡞Ⓨᒎ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ௒࠿ࡽ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜࢔ࢪ࢔ࡣⱝᖸ៏ᚰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࠿
ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋḢ⡿࠿ࡽࡢᙉ࠸ᅽຊࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᅜෆࡢ㔠⼥ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡀࡲ
ࡔỴࡋ࡚ᙉᅛ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ▷ᮇࡢ㈨ᮏ⛣ື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⮬⏤໬ᥐ⨨ࢆ࡜ࡗࡓ࡜
࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡇࡢ༴ᶵࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢ༴ᶵࡢ⤖ᯝ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡣⰍࠎ࡜Ꮫࡪ
ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ≉࡟ࡇࡢ㔠⼥ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ඲㠃ⓗ࡟Ḣ⡿࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ
ࡣ࠶ࡪ࡞࠸ࡒࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔༴ᶵᚋⰍࠎ࡞ᙧ࡛ࡢ࢔
ࢪ࢔ࡢᇦෆ࡛ࡢ⮬ຓࡢືࡁࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋඛ࡯࡝಴ෆࡉࢇࡀゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢳ࢙࣐ࣥ
࢖࣭࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢳࣈ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢമๆᕷሙ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢳࣈ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊASEAN+3 ࡛࠶
ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊඛࠎ㐌࡟ࢩ࣏࣮࡛ࣥ࢞ࣝ᪂ࡋ࠸ᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨ㊊ࡋࡓ AMRO ࡜࠿Ⰽࠎ࡞ᙧ࡛ᇦ
ෆࡢ༠ຊࡢືࡁࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ஦ᐇ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ⋡┤࡟ゝࡗ࡚ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ᇦෆ࡛ࡢ⤫ྜ࣭
༠ຊ࡟ྥࡅࡓືࡁࡣⰍࠎ࡜࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ౛࠼ࡤ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࠊ㹃㹓ࡢ୰࡛ࡢ㔠⼥㠃࡛ࡢ⤫
ྜ࣭༠ຊࡢືࡁ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜Ỵᐃⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
࡞ࡐࡔࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࡦ࡜ࡘ࡟ࡣ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡜ẚ࡭࡚࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ከᵝ࡛
࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋྠ᫬࡟⚾ࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢሙྜࡣࡑࡢ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡿᡃࠎ3 ࢝ᅜ᪥୰
㡑ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᏳᐃࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡀࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ኱ࡁ࡞⌮⏤࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᡃࠎ3 ࢝ᅜࡣ⪃
12
࠼࡚ࡳࢀࡤࡍ࡛࡟ 2000 ᖺ࡟ཬࡪ㠀ᖖ࡟ᐦ᥋࡞஺ὶࡢṔྐࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡇ࡜
ࡣ࠶ࡿព࿡࡛ࡣୡ⏺࡟ࡶ㢮ࡀ࡞࠸≉➹ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ㞄ᅜྠኈ࡛࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ 19 ୡ⣖
ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ࠿ࡽ 20 ୡ⣖ࡢึࡵ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡇࡢ 3 ࢝ᅜࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟⃭ືࡍࡿṔྐࢆ⤒㦂ࡋ
࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣΎ⋤ᮅࠊ㡑ᅜ࡛ࡣᮅ㩭⋤ᮅࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣᚨᕝᨻᶒࡀ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᔂቯࢆࡋ
ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛᪥ᮏࡣ၏୍Ḣ⡿ᖇᅜ୺⩏ࡢᅽຊ࡟ᢠࡋ࡚㏆௦໬ࢆ㐩ᡂࡋ࡚ิᙉࡢᗙ
࡟ఃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏࡣࡲࡉ࡟࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢඃ➼⏕ࡔࡗࡓ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸
࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ᪥ᮏࡣ⮬ࡽࡶᖇᅜ୺⩏࡜໬ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋṊຊࢆ
ࡶࡗ࡚࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ㞄ᅜࢆ౵␎ࡋᨭ㓄ࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ௒࠿ࡽᛮ࠼ࡤㄔ࡟ហ࠿࠿ࡘ↓ἲ࡞㐨ࢆ㐍
ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ⏦ࡍࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ 1945 ᖺࡢᩋᡓ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ᪥ᮏே࡜ࡋ୍࡚␒኱஦࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࡇࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡞⮬ศࡢṔྐࢆ෭㟼࠿ࡘㅬ⹫࡟⌮ゎࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ࠺࠼࡛࢔
ࢪ࢔ࡢ㞄ே࡜࠾஫࠸ࡢぶឡ࡜ᑛᩗࢆࡋ࠶࠺஫ᩗࡢᛕࢆࡶࡗ࡚᥋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
ࡶࡕࢁࢇᛀࢀ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢṔྐࢆ෭㟼࡟࠿ࡘㅬ⹫࡟⌮ゎࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ
᪥ᮏࡔࡅ࡟ᚲせ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊୡ⏺୰ࡢᅜࡀ኱஦࡟ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸஦ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ
࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⏦ࡍࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃᡃࠎ3 ᅜࡢ㛫ࡢ୙Ᏻᐃᛶ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㐣ཤ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ஦᯶ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
ࢃࡅ࡛ࠊ⌧࡟࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㡿ᅵၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᶒ┈ࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑ
ࢀࡒࢀࡢᑗ᮶ࡢᙺ๭࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୙Ᏻᐃᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋᚑ࠸ࡲࡋ࡚ࡇ
ࡢ୙Ᏻᐃᛶ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣ୍ᮅ୍ኤ࡟ᐜ᫆࡟ゎᾘࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ⌮ゎ
ࡋ࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋྠ᫬࡟ᡃࠎ3 ᅜࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠾஫࠸ࡢດຊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚๓ྥࡁ࡟⥔ᣢࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ
⏦ࡍࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ༢࡟ᡃࠎ3 ᅜࡢ㛫ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࠊୡ⏺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ⋡┤࡟ゝࡗ࡚ࠊᡓᚋ 70 ᖺࡢᡃࠎࡢ㛵ಀࡣ 1945 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ẚ࡭ࢀࡤ⚾ࡣ㠀
ᖖ࡟Ⰻࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟๓ྥࡁ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⌧࡟ᡃࠎ3 ࢝
ᅜࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ඹ㏻ࡢ฼ᐖࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⏦ࡍࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ
໭ᮅ㩭ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࡋࡓᇦෆࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊேཱྀၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊ⎔ቃၥ㢟࡛
࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊ♫఍ಖ㞀ࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊ㈨※ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊ3 ࢝ᅜ඲యࡀ┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿႚ
⥭ࡢㄢ㢟࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣⰍࠎ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽᡃࠎ3 ࢝ᅜࡣࡲࡎࡇ࠺࠸࠺ᙜ㠃ࡢㄢ㢟࡟ᑐฎࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟༠ຊࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ
࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ⏦ࡍࡲ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ༠ຊࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࡼࡾᖜࡀᗈ࠸ࠊࡼࡾ
㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛༠ຊࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿಙ㢗㛵ಀࡢᇶ♏ࢆ⠏࠸࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
᭱ᚋ࡟୍ゝ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊᐇࡣ⚾ಶேࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾྜ࠸ࡣ 1966 ᖺ࡟ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆ
ࣥࡢ࣐ࢽࣛ࡟๰タࡉࢀࡓ࢔ࢪ࢔㛤Ⓨ㖟⾜࡟⚾ࡣึ௦⥲⿢ࡢ≉ู⿵బᐁ࡜ࡋ࡚ཧ⏬ࢆࡉࡏ࡚
13
ࡶࡽࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽጞࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᙜ᫬࣐ࢽࣛ࡟ࡣࡲࡔ࢔ࢪ࢔㛤Ⓨ㖟⾜ࡢ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫࣅࣝࡣ࡞
ࡃࠊẸ㛫ࡢಖ㝤఍♫ࡢࣅࣝࡢ୰࡟㛫೉ࡾࢆࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࡑࡇ࡛ᙜ᫬࢔ࢪ࢔ྛᅜ࠿ࡽࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺ
ࡉࢀࡓ 7 ேࡢࢫࢱࢵࣇ࡛௙஦ࢆጞࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋᡃࠎ7 ேࡢౝࡔࡼ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
ᙜ᫬࢔ࢪ࢔㛤Ⓨ㖟⾜ࡣ 2 ࡘࡢཎ๎࡛௙஦ࢆࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
1 ࡘࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔㛤Ⓨ㖟⾜ࡣ༢࡞ࡿ᥼ຓᶵ㛵࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ㖟⾜ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠋ㖟⾜ࡣಙ⏝ࢆ⥔ᣢ
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱஦࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ⤒῭ྜ⌮ᛶࢆཝᐦ࡟ᑂᰝࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡅ࡞࠸
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ⌧࡟⚾ࡢグ᠈࡛ࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔㛤Ⓨ㖟⾜ࡢ➨ 1 ྕࡢ⼥㈨᱌௳ࡣⓎ㊊࠿
ࡽ 1 ᖺ௨ୖ⤒ࡗ࡚ࡸࡗ࡜ࡲ࡜ࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࢯ࢘ࣝ࡜࢖ࣥࢳࣙࣥࢆ⤖ࡪ㧗㏿㐨㊰ࡀ➨ 1 ྕࡢ
⼥㈨᱌௳࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢཎ๎ࡣࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔㛤Ⓨ㖟⾜ࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜࡢ࣮࣒࣍ࢻࢡ
ࢱ࣮࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ࣮࣒࣍ࢻࢡࢱ࣮ࡣࡑࡢᐙ᪘ࡢ඲ဨࡢ೺ᗣ≧ែࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟ࡼࡃ
▱ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊኪ㉥ࢇᆓࡀ⇕ࢆฟࡋࡓ࡜ゝࢃࢀࢀࡤࡍࡄ࡟㣕ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡉ࡟ᐙ᪘࡟㠀ᖖ࡟
㏆࠸࣮࣒࣍ࢻࢡࢱ࣮ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡑ࠺࡜ࠊࡇࡢ 2 ࡘࢆཎ๎࡟ࡋ࡚ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ
ᛮ࠸ฟࡋࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࢀ࠿ࡽ 50 ᖺ⤒ࡕࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠾࠿ࡆࡉࡲ࡛⚾ࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ࠶ࡕࡇࡕࢆぢࡉࡏ࡚
㡬ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡋࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ከࡃࡢ཭ேࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᮏᙜ࡟ࡇࡢ᫬௦࡟࢔ࢪ࢔࡟
⏕ࡁ࡚ࡼ࠿ࡗࡓ࡞࡜௒࡛ࡶᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿḟ➨࡛ࡍࠋ
14
㸱㸬ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢඹྠⓎᒎ࡜୰ᅜࡢᙺ๭
⛬Ọ⳹ 㸦୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜ኱౑㤋 ≉࿨඲ᶒ኱౑㸧
ⓙࡉࢇࠊࡇࢇ࡟ࡕࡣࠋ⚾ࡣࡇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⾜ኳ⌮
஦㛗࠿ࡽ࠾ヰࢆ㡬࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㊃᪨ࢆఛ࠺࡞ࡾࠊ႐ࢇ࡛ฟᖍ࠸ࡓ
ࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࡢ࠾㏉஦ࢆฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊ⾜ኳ⌮஦㛗ࡣ⚾
ࡀ㛗ᖺᑛᩗ⏦ࡋୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ㈈ᨻ㔠⼥ᨻ⟇࠾ࡼࡧᐇົࡢ
኱࣋ࢸ࡛ࣛࣥ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୍⥴࡟࠾ヰࡋ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊ㠀ᖖ
࡟ຮᙉ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓྖ✵ኍ⌮஦㛗ࡣࠊ⚾ࡀ㡑ᅜࡢ
㥔ᅾ኱౑࡛࠶ࡗࡓ᫬࡟࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡜࠾ୡヰ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᪉࡛ࡍࠋᙜ᫬ࠊ
㡑ᅜࡀ G20 ࡢ㆟㛗ᅜ࡛ྖ✵ኍ⌮஦㛗ࡣࡑࡢㄪᩚᙺ࡛࠸ࡽࡗࡋ
ࡷࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡜஺ὶࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ᮏ᪥ࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠶ࡿࠕᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ༠ㄪⓗⓎᒎ̿̿ࡑࡢᒎᮃ࡜ㄢ㢟ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⚾ࡣ㠀ᖖ
࡟⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⾜ኳ⌮஦㛗࠿ࡽࡈ⤂௓࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⚾ࡣ௒ࡢ㥔᪥኱౑ࡢ
๓࡟㡑ᅜ኱౑ࠊࡑࡢ๓࡟࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔኱౑ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⤒Ṕ࠿ࡽࠊᮾ࢔
ࢪ࢔ࡣࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ࡝࠺࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࠊ኱ኚ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣ᪥୰ᅜ஺ṇᖖ໬ᚋ࡟୰ᅜ࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏ࡟᮶ࡓ᭱ึࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕࡛ࠊ⚾❧኱Ꮫ࡬ࡢ␃Ꮫࡀ⤊ࢃ
ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢࡲࡲ㥔᪥୰ᅜ኱౑㤋࡟እ஺ᐁ࡜ࡋ࡚ᑵ⫋ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋึࡵ࠿ࡽእ஺ᐁ㣴ᡂ࡜࠸࠺
ᙧ࡛᪥ᮏ࡟ὴ㐵ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
⚾ࡀ኱౑㤋࡟ධࡗࡓᖺ࡟ࡕࡻ࠺࡝ࠊᙜ᫬ࡢ⚟⏣㤳┦ࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆṔゼࡋ࡚⚟⏣ࢻࢡࢺࣜࣥ
ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᑐ࢔ࢪ࢔እ஺ࡢ 3 Ⅼࢭࢵࢺࢆᡴࡕฟࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ◊✲ࡀ⚾ࡢ኱౑
㤋࡛ࡢ᭱ึࡢ௙஦ࡔࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟グ᠈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡜࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ༠ຊ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࠊ኱ኚ⯆
࿡῝࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ௨᮶ࠊྛᅜࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿ༠ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞⌮ᛕࢆⓎ⾲
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋከᑡ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ኱యࡢ᪉ྥᛶࠊ┠ⓗࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸
ࡲࡍࠋ
⌧ᅾࠊ୰ᅜࡣ࿘㎶ᅜ࣭㏆㞄ᅜ࡜ࡢእ஺⌮ᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕぶ㸦ၿ㸧ࠊㄔ㸦ᐇ㸧ࠊ㸦஫㸧ᜨࠊ
㸦ໟ㸧
ᐜࠖࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ➃ⓗ࡟࠸࠺࡜ࠊၿពࢆᣢࡗ࡚㞄ᅜ࡜᥋ࡋࠊ㞄ᅜࢆࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡜ࡍࡿ
࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼࡛ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦࡢᖹ࿴ࠊᏳᐃࠊⓎᒎࢆᅗࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ
௒ᚋࡢᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔༠ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⚾ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆᑡࡋ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
15
ࡲࡎ 1 ࡘ┠ࡣࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦࡢ᝟ໃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࡍࠋᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ≉ᚩࡢ୍ࡘࡣṔྐࡀ㛗࠸
ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡸ୰㏆ᮾ࡟ຎࡽ࡞࠸ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟㛗࠸ᩥ᫂ࡢṔྐࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿
ࡽࡇࡢᆅᇦࡣୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ぢ࡚ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟ேཱྀᐦᗘࡀ㧗ࡃࠊከࡃࡢேཱྀࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶ࠺୍
ࡘࡢ≉ᚩࡣ␗࡞ࡿẸ᪘ࠊ␗࡞ࡿ᐀ᩍࠊ␗࡞ࡿゝⴥࡀඹᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣඹᏑ
ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᩥ໬ࢆ⠏࠸࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㏆௦࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡣ⣛వ᭤ᢡࠊᝒࡋ࠸ࠊ
ᬯ࠸Ṕྐࡀ୍᫬ᮇ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᡓᚋ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ྛᅜࡀ♫఍Ⓨᒎࡢ㐨ࢆ㐍ࡳࠊ1960 ᖺ௦ࡢ᪥ᮏ
ࡢ㧗ᗘᡂ㛗࡟⥆࠸࡚ࠊ㡑ᅜ࡛ࡣ 70 ᖺ௦࡟₎Ụࡢወ㊧࡜࠸ࢃࢀࡿ㧗ᗘᡂ㛗ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰
ᅜࡣᩥ໬኱㠉࿨ࠊ኱㠉࿨࡜࠸࠺ࡅࢀ࡝ᅜෆࡢ኱ΰ஘ࢆ཰᮰ࡉࡏ࡚ 1978 ᖺᮎ࡟ᨵ㠉㛤ᨺᨻ⟇
ࢆỴࡵ࡚ࠊ80 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽࡣ⤒῭ᘓタ࡬࡜ᨻ⟇㌿᥮ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ90 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ᪩࠸࣮࣌ࢫ࡛Ⓨᒎࢆ㐙
ࡆࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦࡣୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟ὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࠊⓎᒎࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࡀ
㏿࠸ࠊάຊࠊ₯ᅾᛶࡢ᭱ࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ᆅᇦ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࢀ௨ᚋࠊୡ⏺ࡢ⤒῭ࠊ㔠⼥ࡢ㠃࡛࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛኱ࡁ࡞
ㄪᩚࢆ⤒࡚ࠊྛᅜࡀᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ఱ࡜࠿᪂ࡋ࠸Ⓨᒎࢆ㐙ࡆࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⤒῭Ⓨᒎ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡢㄢ㢟ࡣࠊୡ⏺඲య࡟ࡶ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦ࡟ࡶ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡜࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ᇦෆ࡟ࡣ౛࠼ࡤᒁᆅ⣮தࠊᆅᇦࡢ࣍ࢵࢺ࡞ၥ㢟ࠊᅜ㝿♫఍࡛ࡣࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࠊ㞴Ẹၥ㢟ࠊ⮬
↛⅏ᐖࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ༡⡿ᆅᇦ࡛㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࢪ࢝࢘࢖ࣝࢫࡸࠊ௨๓࢔ࢪ࢔࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ SARS ࡜
࠸ࡗࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸⬣ጾࡀẁࠎ࡜ቑ࠼࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢ୰࡛ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦࡣㄢ㢟ࢆḟࠎ࡜ゎỴࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔㏻㈌༴ᶵࡢⓎ
⏕ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊୡ⏺ࡢ୰࡛ẚ㍑ⓗ㡰ㄪ࡞ᡂ㛗ᇶㄪࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣᖹ࿴࡜
Ᏻᐃࡀᅵྎ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋྛᅜࡀ⤒῭Ⓨᒎ࡜Ẹ⏕ࡢᨵၿࢆඃඛᨻ⟇࡟ᤣ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ
⤖ᯝ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
2 ࡘ┠࡟ࠊ୰ᅜࡀ⌧ᅾ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡣ⮬㌟ࡢⓎᒎࡀ࿘㎶ㅖᅜ࡟ࡼࡾⰋ࠸฼
┈ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢⓎᒎࢆᘬࡗᙇࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆᕼᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣୡ⏺➨஧
ࡢ⤒῭኱ᅜ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࡀ⤒῭ࡢᏳᐃⓗⓎᒎࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊୡ⏺
࡬ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞㈉⊩࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᫖ᖺࠊୡ⏺ࡢ⤒῭࡜㈠᫆ࡀ඲యⓗ࡟ప㏞ࡍࡿ≧
ἣୗ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜ⤒῭ࡣ 6.9㸣ࡢᡂ㛗⋡ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋୡ⏺ࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡬ࡢᐤ୚⋡ࡣ 25㸣ࢆ
㉸࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣ 2016 ᖺ࠿ࡽ➨ 13 ḟ 5 ࢝ᖺィ⏬ࡀጞࡲࡾࡲࡍࠋྥࡇ࠺ 5 ᖺ㛫࡟୰ᅜ
ࡣࠊ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࠊ༠ㄪࠊࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࠊ㛤ᨺࠊඹ᭷ࡢ 5 ኱⌮ᛕࢆሀᣢࡋ࡚ࠊᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉࡜ᵓ
㐀ㄪᩚࢆ୍ᒙ㐍ࡵ࡚ཧࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ 2020 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ᅜෆ⥲⏕⏘࡜ᅜẸ୍ே࠶ࡓࡾࡢ
ᡤᚓࢆ 2010 ᖺࡢ 2 ಸ࡟ࡋࠊࡸࡸࡺ࡜ࡾࡢ࠶ࡿ♫఍ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠕᑠᗣ♫఍ࠖࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞┠
ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡉࡏࡲࡍࠋ
16
୰ᅜࡣࡶࡣࡸࠊ୍ᅜࡔࡅ࡛ࡣⓎᒎࢆ㐙ࡆࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ୰ᅜࡣୡ⏺⤒῭࡟῝ࡃ⁐ࡅ㎸ࢇ࡛
࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣᆅᇦ࡜ඹ࡟Ⓨᒎ࣭⦾ᰤࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣮ࣘࣛࢩ࢔኱㝣ࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡍࡿࠕ୍ᖏ୍㊰ࠖ
ᘓタࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟᥎ࡋ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࠕ୍ᖏ୍㊰ࠖࡣᆅᨻᏛⓗᡓ␎࡞࡝࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊⓎᒎ࡜༠ຊ
ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡣ࣮ࣘࣛࢩ࢔ㅖᅜࡢ㛫࡛⤒῭せ⣲ࡢ⛛ᗎ࠶ࡿ⮬⏤
࡞⛣ື࡜㈨※ࡢ㧗ຠ⋡㓄ศࠊᕷሙࡢ㧗ᗘ⼥ྜࢆಁࡋࠊἢ⥺ࡢྛᅜ⤒῭ࡢᨻ⟇༠ㄪࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࠊ
ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞⮬⏤㈠᫆యไ࡜࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞ୡ⏺⤒῭ࢆᏲࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
ࠕ୍ᖏ୍㊰ࠖἢ⥺ㅖᅜࡢⓎᒎᡓ␎ࡢ┦஫᥋⥆ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟᥎㐍ࡋࠊ㛤ᨺⓗ࣭ໟᦤⓗ࡛ᆒ⾮ࡀ
࡜ࢀࡓࠊ฼┈ࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿᆅᇦ⤒῭༠ຊࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ⠏ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ἢ⥺ྛᅜࡢ⤒῭⦾ᰤ࡜
ᆅᇦ⤒῭༠ຊࢆಁࡋࠊ␗࡞ࡿᩥ᫂ࡢ஺ὶࢆ㐍ࡵࠊ࠾஫࠸ࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ୡ⏺ࡢᖹ࿴࡜
Ⓨᒎࢆಁࡍࡇ࡜ࢆᕼᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
3 ࡘ┠࡟ࠊ୰ᅜࡣᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᆅᇦ༠ຊࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜どࡋࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔⤒῭⤫ྜࡢᐇ⌧ࢆᨭᣢࡋ
࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ⤫ྜ࣭༠ຊ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㐣ཤ࠾ࡼࡑ 20 ᖺࡢ㛫࡟ ASEAN10 ࠿ᅜ࡜୰᪥
㡑ࡢ༠ຊࡀᅵྎ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ኱ࡁ࡞ᡂᯝࢆ཰ࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋCMIM㸦ࢳ࢙࣐ࣥ࢖࢖ࢽࢩࣕࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭
࣐ࣝࢳ໬㸧༠ᐃࡀㄪ༳ࡉࢀࠊAMRO ࡶタ❧ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋAMRO ࡣ ASEAN㸩3 ࣐ࢡࣟ⤒῭
ㄪᰝ஦ົᒁ࡜࠸࠺ᆅᇦࡢ୍ࡘࡢᨻᗓ㛫ᅜ㝿ᶵᵓ࠿ࡽࠊᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵࡟ṇᘧ࡟᱁ୖࡆࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ
2020 ᖺࡢᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔⤒῭⤫ྜࡢᐇ⌧ࡣࠊྠᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᙜ㠃ࡢ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞┠ᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃
࠼ࡲࡍࠋASEAN ࡣࡍ࡛࡟᫖ᖺᮎ࡟ඹྠయ⤖ᡂࢆᐉゝࡋࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾࠸࡚⤫ྜࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ᭱
ึࡢࢧࣈ࣭࣮ࣜࢪࣙࣥ࡜࠸࠼ࡲࡍࠋ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡣࠊ୰㡑ࡀ᫖ᖺ 6 ᭶࡟⮬⏤㈠᫆༠ᐃ࡟ṇ
ᘧㄪ༳ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰᪥㡑⮬⏤㈠᫆ᅪ஺΅ࡶ⥆ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
୰ᅜࡣᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦ༠ຊࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡟᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋཧ⏬⪅ࠊ᥎㐍⪅࠾ࡼࡧᘓタ⪅࡛ࡍࠋ
ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔⤒῭⤫ྜࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ᥎ࡋ㐍ࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊᮤඞᙉ⥲⌮ࡣ᫖ᖺ 11 ᭶ࡢ ASEAN㸩3 㤳
⬻఍㆟࡟ฟᖍࡋࡓ㝿ࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜࡀࠕᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔⤒῭ඹྠయࡢ㟷෗┿ࠖࢆඹྠ࡛⟇ᐃࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࢆᥦၐࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰ᅜࡣ᪥ᮏࠊ㡑ᅜ࠾ࡼࡧ ASEAN ㅖᅜ࡜ヰࡋྜࡗ࡚ࡇࡢ㟷෗┿ࢆ⟇
ᐃࡋࠊඹྠࡢ┠ᶆ࡟ྥࡅࡓィ⏬ࢆࡓ࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㢪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ
ASEAN㸩3 ࡢ 13 ࠿ᅜࡸ୰᪥㡑ࡢ㛫࡟Ṇࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠊ㛤࠿ࢀࡓ༠ຊ㛵ಀࡶ㐍ࡵࡼ࠺࡜⪃࠼࡚
࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
୰ᅜࡣᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡜࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ༠ຊయไࡀ⤖ࡧࡘࡃࡇ࡜ࢆᨭᣢࡋࠊ⡿ࠊ㇦ࠊ
࢖ࣥࢻ࡞࡝ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔௨እࡢᅜࡀᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔༠ຊ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆḼ㏄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋASEAN ࡜
6 ࡘࡢᑐヰᅜࡀඹ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ RCEP㸦ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦໟᣓⓗ⤒῭㐃ᦠ㸧஺΅ࡣ 2016 ᖺࡢጇ⤖
ࢆࡵࡊࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋRCEP ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊୡ⏺࡛࢝ࣂ࣮ேཱྀࡀ᭱ࡶከࡃࠊᵓᡂ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡀ᭱
ࡶከᵝ࡛ࠊ᭱ࡶάຊࡢ࠶ࡿ⮬⏤㈠᫆ᅪ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡼࡾᗈ࠸⠊ᅖ࡛ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔⤒῭⤫ྜࡢᐇ
⌧࡟ࡶᙺ❧ࡘࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
17
୰ᅜࡣ⡿ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏ࡞࡝ 12 ࢝ᅜࡀ⨫ྡࡋࡓ TPP㸦⎔ኴᖹὒࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ༠ᐃ㸧࡟ᑐࡋࠊ
㛤ᨺⓗࠊໟᦤⓗጼໃࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋTPP ࡜ RCEP ࡀ୧❧ᛶࢆᣢࡕࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ⮬⏤㈠
᫆ᅪࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྥࡅࡓࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆඹྠ࡛㐍ࡵࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ⤒῭ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ⠏࠸
࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ⤒῭ࡢ೺඲࡞Ⓨᒎࡢࡓࡵ࡟᪂ࡓ࡞ཎືຊࢆῧ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ᕼᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
4 ࡘ┠࡟ࠊ୰ᅜࡣ୰᪥㡑ࡢ༠ຊࡀᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ༠ຊࢆ࣮ࣜࢻࡋࠊᚋᢲࡋࡍࡿࡼ࠺ᕼᮃࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔༠ຊ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊASEAN ࡣ౛࠼࡚ゝ࠺࡞ࡽࡤ㐠㌿ኈ࡛ࠊ୍Ṍඛ࡟㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡜
࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⤒῭つᶍ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ
୺せ࢚ࢥࣀ࣑࣮࡛࠶ࡿ୰᪥㡑ࡣࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞㈐௵ࢆᢸ࠸ࠊࡼࡾከࡃࡢດຊࢆࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜⪃࠼ࡲ
ࡍࠋࡇࡢ 3 ᅜࡢ⤒῭つᶍࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔඲యࡢ⤒῭ࡢ 3 ศࡢ 2 ௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ⤒῭⦾ᰤࡢ 3
ᮏࡢᰕ࡛࠶ࡾࠊୡ⏺ࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡞♏࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ ASEAN㸩3 ࡜
RCEP ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔⤒῭༠ຊ࡜࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ⮬⏤㈠᫆ᅪᘓタ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ୰᪥㡑 3
࠿ᅜࡢ༠ຊࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡑࡢព࿡࡛ ᫖ᖺᮎ࡟୰᪥㡑㤳⬻఍㆟ࡀ 3 ᖺࡪࡾ࡟㛤ദࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣ႐ࡤࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣ୰᪥㡑༠ຊࡀṇࡋ࠸㌶㐨࡟ᡠࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ┠ୗࠊୡ⏺ᬒẼࡢᅇ᚟ຊࡀ
ஈࡋࡃࠊ᪂⯆ᅜ⤒῭ࡀୗᢲࡋᅽຊ࡟┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔⤒῭ࡢ⾜᪉ࡀୡ⏺ࡢ㛵ᚰࡢⓗ
࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞࠿ࠊ୰᪥㡑ࡣ༠ຊࡢ῝໬ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⮬ᅜ⤒῭ࡢ᭦࡞ࡿⓎᒎࢆಁࡋࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔
⤒῭ࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔⤒῭ࡢᏳᐃⓗ࡞ᡂ㛗ࢆ≌ᘬࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊඹ࡟ຊࢆᑾࡃࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ 3
࠿ᅜࡢ༠ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸࠼ࡤࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚㐍ࡵࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
୍Ⅼ┠ࡣṔྐࢆ㚷࡜ࡋࠊᮍ᮶࡟ྥ࠿࠺⢭⚄࡟ࡢࡗ࡜ࡾࠊṔྐၥ㢟ࢆṇࡋࡃㄆ㆑ࡋ㐺ษ࡟
ᑐᛂࡋ࡚┿ࡢ࿴ゎࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆᅵྎ࡟ᨻ἞ⓗ┦஫ಙ㢗ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࢔ࢵࣉࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ
࡜࡛ࡍࠋ3 ࠿ᅜࡢ㛫࡟࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞Ṕྐⓗၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ≉࡟㏆௦௨㝆ࡢṔྐࡣṇࡋࡃㄆ
㆑ࡋࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ṕྐࡀ 2 ᗘ࡜⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺㐺ษ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࿴ゎࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ
࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
஧Ⅼ┠ࡣ 3 ࠿ᅜࡢᢞ㈨༠ᐃࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾᐇ⾜ࡋࠊ⮬⏤㈠᫆ᅪ஺΅ࢆຍ㏿ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪩ᮇ࡟඲㠃
ⓗ࡛ᆒ⾮ࡢ࡜ࢀࡓࠊ㧗࠸ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⮬⏤㈠᫆༠ᐃࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ
୕Ⅼ┠ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᙉࡳࠊẚ㍑ඃ఩ࢆ༑ศ࡟Ⓨ᥹ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢖ࣥࣇࣛᩚഛࠊᘓタᶵᲔࠊᘓᮦࠊ
㟁ຊ࡞࡝ࡢศ㔝࡛༠ຊࢆ㐍ࡵࠊ3 ࢝ᅜ༠ຊࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ࣈࣛࣥࢻࢆ⠏ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ
ᅄⅬ┠ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿⓎᒎᡓ␎ࡢ஺ὶ࡜ࢻࢵ࢟ࣥࢢࢆ㐍ᒎࡉࡏ࡚ࠊ
ࣔࣂ࢖ࣝ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࠊࢡࣛ࢘ࢻࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࠊࢫ࣐࣮ࢺࢩࢸ࢕࣮ࠊࣅࢵࢢࢹ࣮
ࢱ࡞࡝ࡢศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿඹྠ◊✲࣭㛤Ⓨ࡞࡝ࡢ༠ຊᙉ໬ࢆᶍ⣴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ
18
ࡲࡓࠊ┬࢚ࢿ࣭⎔ቃಖㆤ⏘ᴗࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ࣅࢪࢿࢫࢳࣕࣥࢫࢆ⛎ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ3 ࢝ᅜࡣ᪂࢚ࢿ
ࣝࢠ࣮⏘ᴗ࡜⎔ቃಖㆤࡢศ㔝࡛༠ຊࢆᙉ໬ࡋࠊᇦෆࡢ⎔ቃởᰁண㜵࣭ฎ⌮⬟ຊࢆᘬࡁୖࡆ
ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ
᭱ᚋ࡟ேⓗ ᮶ࢆᙉ໬ࡋࠊྛ⏺ࡢ஺ὶࢆᣑ኱ࠊࡘࡲࡾே࡜ᩥ໬ࡢ༠ຊỈ‽ࢆ୍ẁ࡜㧗ࡵ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ2014 ᖺ࡟ࠊ3 ᅜ㛫ࡢேⓗ ᮶ࡣᘏ࡭ 2 ༓୓ேࡢ┠ᶆࢆ⧞ࡾୖࡆ㐩ᡂࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
᫖ᖺࡢ 3 ࢝ᅜ㤳⬻఍㆟࡛ࡣࠊ2020 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢேⓗ஺ὶࡢつᶍࢆ 3 ༓୓ே࡟ࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺᪂ࡓ
࡞┠ᶆࡀᡴࡕฟࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ2015 ᖺࡢ 3 ࠿ᅜ㛫ࡢேⓗ஺ὶࡣࠊ୰ᅜഃࡀᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ኱ࡲ
࠿࡞⤫ィ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊࡍ࡛࡟ 2,300 ୓ேࢆ㉸࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋෆヂࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡜㡑ᅜࡢ㛫࡛ 1 ༓୓ேࠊ
୰ᅜ࡜᪥ᮏࡢ㛫࡛ 750 ୓ேࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜㡑ᅜࡢ㛫࡛ 600 ୓ே࡯࡝࡛࠶ࡾࠊྜィ 3 ༓୓ேࡢ┠ᶆ
࡬࡜╔ᐇ࡟㏆࡙࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺࠸࠺஺ὶࢆࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶᣑ኱ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡀࡲࡓ࠸ࢁ࠸
ࢁ࡞ᩥ໬ࠊ⤒῭ࡢ஺ὶࠊ༠ຊࡢࢳࣕࣥࢫࢆ⏕ࡴ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡈΎ⫈࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈ
ࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
19
㸲㸬G20 ࡢᙺ๭ࠊ᪥୰㡑ࡢᑗ᮶
ྖ✵ኒ 㸦ୡ⏺⤒῭◊✲㝔 㝔㛗㸦ඖ㡑ᅜ㈈ົ኱⮧㸧
㸧
ⓙᵝࡇࢇ࡟ࡕࡣࠋ⚾ࡢ㛗ᖺࡢࡼ࠸཭ே࡛࠶ࡿ⾜ኳ⌮஦㛗ࡀ
⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆⓎ᥹ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤࡢ
20 ࿘ᖺグᛕࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࠊ኱ኚྡ㄃࡟ᛮࡗ
࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ಴ෆࡉࢇࡀࡈ⤂௓ࡉࢀࡓ㏻ࡾࠊᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤࡣ
20 ᖺ㛫࡟኱ኚ࡞ᡂຌࢆ཰ࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋ⾜ኳ⌮஦㛗࡜ᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊
✲ᡤ࡟࠾⚃࠸ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ୰ᅜࡢඃࢀࡓእ஺ᐁࡢ
୍ே࡛እ஺ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛࠶ࡿ⛬኱౑࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᣍᚅࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗ
ࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࠊ῝ࡃឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣ 2 ࡘࡢ஦㡯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡲࡍࠋࠕG20 㤳⬻఍㆟ࠖ
࡜ࠕ3 ࢝ᅜࡢᑗ᮶ࠖࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ᪥ᮏࠊ୰ᅜࠊ㡑ᅜࡢᑗ᮶࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡈ᮶ሙࡢⓙᵝࡢ୰࡟
ࡣᏛ⏕ࡸⱝ࠸࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡶ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡢே⏕࡜࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᙧᡂࡢ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᇶ♏࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠊ
⚾ࡢᾏእ⤒㦂࡜࠸࠺ࠊࡼࡾ㍍࠸ヰ㢟࠿ࡽጞࡵࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣࢯ࢘ࣝ኱Ꮫࢆ༞ᴗᚋࠊ10 ᖺ㏆ࡃࢆ⡿ᅜ࡜ⱥᅜ࡛㐣ࡈࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋಟኈྕ࡜༤ኈྕࢆྲྀ
ᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵ UCLA ࡛ 5 ᖺ㛫Ꮫࡧࠊࡑࡢᚋࡣᩍᤵ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡ኱Ꮫ࡛ࠊࡲࡓࠊⱥᅜࡢ
ࢩ࢙ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡶ 1 ᖺ㛫ᩍ㠴ࢆ࡜ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡀ 1964 ᖺ࡟ UCLA ࡟ධᏛࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ
㡑ᅜࡣୡ⏺ࡢ᭱㈋ᅜࡢ୍ࡘ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ1 ேᙜࡓࡾᅜẸ⥲ᡤᚓࡣࢃࡎ࠿ 100 ࢻࣝ⛬࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡀ
UCLA ࢆ㑅ࢇࡔ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ㈋ஈ࡞㡑ᅜࡢ୍Ꮫ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚኱㔠ࡢࠊ1 Ꮫᮇᙜࡾ 300 ࢻࣝࡢᤵᴗ
ᩱච㝖ࡢዡᏛ㔠ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡓࡵ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ࡜࡟࠿ࡃࠊ⚾ࡣᾏእ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚እࡢୡ⏺ࢆ▱
ࡾࠊࡑࡇ࡛Ꮫࡧࡓ࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣ UCLA ࡛⤒῭Ꮫ࠾ࡼࡧ⤒῭ᨻ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟㈗㔜࡞ᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑ࢆᚓࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑ
ࢀ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ
ࡇࡢ 10 ᖺ㛫ࡢ⮬ᕫᢞ㈨ࡣࠊୡ⏺᝟ໃࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡢ⚾ࡢᅜ㝿ⓗど㔝ࢆᗈࡆࠊ
ࡲࡓࠊ⚾ࡢே⏕ࢆ㇏࠿࡟ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡢே⏕᭱኱ࡢຌ⦼࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ஦ᐇࢆ఍ሙෆࡢḟୡ
௦ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟ᑐࡋ࡚≉࡟ᙉㄪࡋࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ
ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡜࢖ࣥࢸࢢ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ㸦⤫ྜ㸧ࡀ῝໬ࡍࡿ⌧௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㞄ᅜࡣࡶ࡜ࡼ
ࡾࠊ௚ᅜࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛௨ୖ࡟㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋಶே࣭♫఍࣭ᅜ࣭ୡ⏺ࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡢၥ
㢟ゎỴ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᅜ㝿ⓗど㔝ࢆᗈࡆ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋḟୡ௦ࡢࡓࡵࡢᩍ⫱ࡶ㔜せ
࡛ࡍࠋࠕ➨ᅄḟ⏘ᴗ㠉࿨ࠖ࡜࠸ࢃࢀࡿ⌧௦ࡣࠊ≉࡟኱ᖜ࡞ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ
㈐௵ࡣぶୡ௦࡜ᅜࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᢏ⾡㠉᪂ࡢ㏿ࡉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡃ࡟ࡣࠊ⏕ᾭ࡟ரࡗ
࡚Ꮫࡧࠊカ⦎ࡋࠊࡑࡋ࡚カ⦎ࡋ┤ࡉࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
20
3 ࣧᅜࡣࠊ⛬኱౑ࡀ௮ࡗࡓ㏻ࡾࠊඹྠᏛ఩ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆタࡅࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊⱝ࠸ୡ௦
ࡸⱝ࠸ᮍ᮶ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮㐩ࡢእᅜ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎࡀ῝ࡲࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ஺᥮␃Ꮫࡸࡑࡢ௚ࡢேᮦ஺ὶ
࡟ὀຊࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࠊ⤫ྜ໬ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㐍ࢇࡔୡ⏺࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ
ど㔝ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ேࡣࠊᅜ㝿ⓗど㔝ࢆᣢࡘே࡟࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡗ࡚ཬࡤ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ᾏእ᪑⾜ࡶ኱ኚ᭷┈࡛ࡍࡀࠊእᅜ࡛ࡢ㛗ᮇᅾࡣඛ᪉ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡲࡓඛ᪉࡜༠ാ࣭༠ຊ
ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㠀ᖖ࡟㈗㔜࡞⤒㦂࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋእᅜேࡢ཭㐩㸦⚾ࡣ⡿ᅜ࣭ⱥᅜᅾ୰࡟ἑᒣࡢ
᪥ᮏேࡢ཭㐩ࢆసࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ㡭ࠊ୰ᅜᮏᅵฟ㌟ࡢᏛ⏕ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊྎ
‴ฟ㌟࡜㤶 ฟ㌟ࡢ཭㐩ࡣᑡࡋฟ᮶ࡲࡋࡓ㸧ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡣࠊබ⚾࡟࠾࠸࡚࡜࡚ࡶᙺ❧
ࡘ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
ࡼࡾ㔜せ࡞ヰ࡟⛣ࡾࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲࡎࠊG20 ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࡍࠋG20 ࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ༢࡟ 3
ࣧᅜ࡟㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡞஧ࡘࡢ⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡦ࡜ࡘࡣࠊୡ⏺⤒῭ࡀ࠿ࡘ࡚࡞࠸୙☜ᐇᛶཬࡧΰ஘ࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ୺せྛᅜࡀ୍ᒙ⥭ᐦ
࡞ᅜ㝿ᨻ⟇༠ㄪࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋG20 ࡣୡ⏺⤒῭ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡢᢸ࠸ᡭ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᅜ㝿㔠⼥ࡢᏳᐃࡸࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡛ᆒ⾮ࡢ࡜ࢀࡓ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢࡓࡵࡢ୰ᚰⓗᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓ
ࡉࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ௒ᮅࡢࣇ࢕ࢼࣥࢩ࣭ࣕࣝࢱ࢖࣒ࢬ⣬࡟ࡶࠊࡇࡢ⌮⏤࡛ࠊIMF ࡀ G20 ࡟
ᑐࡋ࡚ࠕ኱⫹࡞⾜ືࠖࢆಁࡋࡓ࡜ࡢグ஦ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡣࠊ௒ᅇࡢ G20 ࡢ㆟㛗ᅜࡀ୰ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ G20 ࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᡂᯝ
࡟ࠊ࠿࡞ࡾ୙‶㊊࡛ࡍࠋṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ G20 ࡣ↓ព࿡໬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞෗┿᧜ᙳ఍ࡢሙࠊධ
ᛕ࡟‽ഛࡉࢀࡓᐉゝࡀ௜࠸ࡓ㞟࠸ࡢሙ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ㤳⬻㝕ࡀᖐᅜḟ➨ࠊࡑࡢෆᐜࡀᛀࢀ
ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ኱஦࡞ࡢࡣࠊG20 ࡣࠕ୍ᅇ㝈ࡾࡢ⾜஦࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
ࠕࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡇࡢⅬࢆ୰ᅜࡢ཭ே㐩࡟ᙉㄪࡋࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ᫖ᖺࠊ໭ி࡟ᣍᚅࡉࢀࡓ㝿࡟ࡶࠊ
ࡇࡢⅬࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚᮶ࡲࡋࡓࠋ11 ᭶ࡢ㤳⬻఍ㄯ࡛ࡣ㤳⬻㝕ࡀᨻ⟇ࡢ㑅ᐃࢆᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓ࢜ࣉࢩ
ࣙࣥࡢ୰࠿ࡽ⾜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ஦๓࡟㈈ົ኱⮧ࠊ๪኱⮧ࠊG20 ࢩ࢙ࣝࣃࠊ୰㖟⥲⿢ࠊ๪⥲⿢
ࡢྛ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ༑ศ࡟༠㆟ࢆࡋ࡚ࠊᨻ⟇࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥࢆసᡂࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ‽
ഛ㐣⛬ࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ఍㆟ࡣ༢࡞ࡿࣞࢺࣜࢵࢡ࡟Ṇࡲࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
G20 ࡟ࡣᜏஂࡢ஦ົᒁࡀ↓࠸ࡓࡵࠊ㆟㛗ᅜࡢ G20 ᢸᙜ⪅ࡣ IMFࠊୡ⏺㖟⾜ࠊOECDࠊ࠾
ࡼࡧࡑࡢ௚ᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵࡜ᐦ᥋࡟༠ാࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢯ࢘ࣝ G20 ࡢ‽ഛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⚾ࡣ
᪥ᮏࠊ⡿ᅜࠊ୰ᅜࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ௚Ṥ࡝ࡢ G20 ཧຍᅜ࡟ฟྥࡁࠊඛ᪉ࡢᢸᙜ⪅࡜ᐦ࡟㐃ᦠࡋ
ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞஦๓‽ഛࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡇఱᖺ㛫ࡢ G20 ࡣࡑࢀࡀ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗ
ࡓࡓࡵࠊᐉゝࡢ୙᏶඲࡞ᐇ⾜࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᣍ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௒ᮅࡢࣇ࢕ࢼࣥࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ
ࢱ࢖࣒ࢬ⣬࡟ࡣࠊIMF ࡀ G20 ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ2014 ᖺ఍ྜࡢࢥ࣑ࢵࢺ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜
21
ᢈุࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺グ஦ࡶᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ2014 ᖺࡢ G20 㤳⬻఍ㄯ࡛ࡣࠊཧຍᅜ඲
యࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗⋡ࢆ 2018 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ 2㸣ᢲࡋୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡛ྜពࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊIMF ᥎ィ࡛
ࡣࡇࢀࡀ 0.8㸣࡟Ṇࡲࡿぢ㎸ࡳ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡀ G20 ࡣࠕࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠕ୍ᅇ㝈ࡾࡢ⾜஦ࠖ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ᙉㄪࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣ G20 ࡀ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛ᅜ㝿⤒῭༠ຊࢆᐇ⌧ࡋᚓࡿ၏୍ࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࠊ࠿࡞ࡾ
୙‶࡟ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋG7 ࡣࠊ㤳⬻㝕ࡀㄆࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୰ᅜࠊ࢖ࣥࢻࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࠊ㡑ᅜ࡞࡝
᪂⯆ᅜࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ2009 ᖺࡢ G20 ࣆࢵࢶࣂ࣮ࢢ࣭ࢧ࣑ࢵࢺࡣࠊ
G20 ࢆᅜ㝿⤒῭༠ຊࡢࠕpremier forum㸦➨୍ࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ㸧ࠖ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ྜពࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
G20 ࡣࡇࢀ࡟ᚑࢃࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋG20 ࡣ┠ᶆ࡜ࢦ࣮ࣝࢆグࡋࡓࠊ㢪࠸஦ࣜࢫࢺࡢ཰㞟࡟
Ṇࡲࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋG20 ࡢᡂຌ࡟ࡣࠊᐇ⾜࣭ᐇ⌧ྍ⬟࡞ࠊྜពࡉࢀࡓᨻ⟇࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥ
ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋG20 ࡣ࢖࣋ࣥࢺ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㔜せ࡞ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ෌ࡧᙉㄪࡉࢀࡿ࡭
ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡀ㆟㛗ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊḟᅇ G20 ࢧ࣑ࢵࢺࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ㒊ศࢆ෌ᙉ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᚰ࠿
ࡽ㢪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢไᗘ໬ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊ௚ᅜ࡜ࡣ⥭ᐦ࡟㐃ᦠࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋゝ࠸
᥮࠼ࢀࡤࠊG20 ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋG20 ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⤌⧊ⓗ
࡞グ᠈㸦institutional memory㸧ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚ࠊ⥅⥆ᛶ࡜୍㈏ᛶࢆಖࡓࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
G20 ࡣ⊂⮬ࡢ⤌⧊ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ኱ࡁ࡞஦ົᒁࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿᚲせࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ᪤࡟ࠕࢺ
ࣟ࢖࢝ࠖ࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿయไࡀᏑᅾࡋࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ
ࠕࢺࣟ࢖࢝ࠖࢆ⤌⧊໬ࡍࢀࡤࠊG20 ࡢࣉࣟࢭ
ࢫࡢ⥅⥆ᛶ࡜୍㈏ᛶࢆಖࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࠊᗄᗘࡶᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣ୰ᅜࡢ G20 ᢸᙜ⪅࡟ࠕ㐣ཤࡢ඲࡚ࡢ G20 ࡢྜព஦㡯ࢆㄪᰝࡋࠊఱࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀࠊఱࡀ
㐩ᡂࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ࠖ࡜ᥦ᱌ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋG20 ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡢྜព஦
㡯ࡢᒚ⾜࡟ࡣ᭦࡞ࡿດຊࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㤳⬻㝕࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ᭷┈࡜⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ㆟
㛗ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ୰ᅜࡀࠊࡇࢀࢆ㆟㢟࡟ྵࡵࠊG20 㤳⬻㛫࡛ྜពࢆᙧᡂࡉࡏࠊ㐺ษ࡞᪉⟇ࢆ࡜ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊG20 ࡢ௒ᚋࡢࡓࡵ࡟㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋG20 ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫᙉ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊୡ⏺⤒῭ࡣᜠᜨࢆ
ཷࡅࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
⚾ࡣ୰ᅜࡢᙜᒁ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ༠㆟஦㡯ࢆ㐣ᗘ࡟ᗈࡆࡎࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ㔜せ࡞஦㡯࡟㞟୰ࡍ
࡭ࡁ࡜ຓゝࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ࢔ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲࡢࢹࣃ࣮ࢺ࡜໬ࡋࠊᑡ࡞࠸஦㡯ࢆᐇ᪋
ࡍࡿ࡟Ṇࡲࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ
22
2008 ᖺ 9 ᭶ࡢ࣮࣐࣭ࣜࣥࣈࣛࢨ࣮ࢬࡢ⤒Ⴀ◚⥢ࡢᚋࠊG7 㤳⬻ࡣ G20 ࡢ᪉ࡀṇᙜᛶࢆ᭷
ࡋࠊ⌧≧ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊಙ㢗ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ G20 ࡀㄌ⏕ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ
ࡑࡢ࣓ࣔࣥࢱ࣒ࡣᙅࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ୡ⏺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊG20 ࡀ෌ᙉ໬ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ⌧ᅾࠊᅜ㝿㔠⼥ᕷሙࠊ≉
࡟᪂⯆ᅜࡣ୙Ᏻᐃ໬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊΰ஘ࡣୡ⏺࡟ᣑᩓࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
G20 ࡀࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࠊ࠸ࡃࡽ࠿ࡢ༠ㄪ⟇ࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ၏୍ࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ
࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌮⏤࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡋࡈ㉁ၥࡢ࠶ࡿ᪉ࡀ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࢀࡤࠊ
ḟࡢ Q&A ࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ႐ࢇ࡛࠾ཷࡅ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ḟ࡟ࠊᡃࠎ3 ࢝ᅜࡢㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢពぢࢆࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿⋡┤࡟㏙࡭ࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᅜẸ࡜
ᨻ἞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ᪥୰㡑 3 ࣧᅜࡢࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓࡢ⤊⤖࠿ࡽ 70 ᖺ௨ୖ⤒
ࡗ࡚ࡶ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚Ṕྐࡢ㈇ࡢ㑇⏘࡟ᤊࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆṧᛕ࡟ࠊࡲࡓࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ᜝࡜ࡋ࡚
ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᡃࠎࡣḢᕞࡢ⤒㦂࠿ࡽᏛࢇ࡛ࠊ㈇ࡢ㑇⏘࠿ࡽᡂ⇍ࡋࡓ᪉ἲ࡛ᢤ
ࡅฟࡍࡓࡵࡢࠊඹ㏻ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࢆ⾜࠺࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ⾜ኳ⌮஦㛗ࡢᥦ᱌ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊㄡࡶࡀྠ
ពࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࡣ᪥ᮏࡀඛᑟࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜ࡜㡑ᅜࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀ
ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ
ᡃࠎࡀṔྐࡢ㈇ࡢ㑇⏘࠿ࡽᢤࡅฟ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࢆඞ᭹ࡋ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊ᭷ᮃ࡞ྲྀ⤌ࡳࡸᕼᮃ࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ࡯ࡰ↓㥏࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⎔ቃಖㆤ࣭࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಖ඲࣭㔠⼥༠ຊ࣭3 ࢝ᅜ FTA ࡞
࡝ࠊᡃࠎࡀ஫ᜨ㛵ಀࢆ⠏ࡁᚓࡿ஦㡯ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ከ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊFTA ஺΅ࡣ⥆ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⌧≧ࡢᨻ἞㛵ಀࡀཎᅉ࡛㐍ᒎࡀ㐜࠸࡛ࡍࠋᡃࠎࡣṔྐࡢ㈇ࡢ㑇⏘ࢆඞ᭹ࡋ࡞࠸㝈
ࡾࠊከࡃࢆᡂࡋ㐙ࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋⓙ࡛ດຊࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦࡀ㐣ཤࢆඞ᭹࡛ࡁࡿ࡯
࡝ᡂ⇍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࠊୡ⏺࡟♧ࡉࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
ⓙᵝࡶࡈᏑࡌࡢ㏻ࡾࠊḢᕞ࡟ࡣ୍ᒙ㎞࠸㐣ཤ࡜Ṕྐࡢ㈇ࡢ㑇⏘ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ
⌧ᅾࡣ୍ࡘ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ᙧ࡛㐃ᦠࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥୰㡑 3 ࣧᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ㐃ᦠࡢ๓ᥦ࡜࡞
ࡿ┦஫㛵ಀࡢᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵࠊ≉ูࡢດຊࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ
ᘓタⓗࠊ஫ᜨⓗ࠾ࡼࡧ≉ู࡞ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᐇ⾜ࡣᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
⚾ࡣ᪥ᮏࡀ㡑ᅜྠᵝࠊ࠸ࡎࢀ୰ᅜ୺ᑟࡢ AIIB ࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣᙜึ࠿
ࡽࠊ᪥㡑ࡢཧຍࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⚾ࡣ⛬኱౑ࡀゝཬࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㡑
ᅜ࡜୰ᅜࡢ TPP ཧຍࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋ3 ࢝ᅜࡣ ASEAN+3 ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡸࡑࡢ௚ࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࣛࢸ
࣭ࣛࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊᐦ᥋࡟㐃ᦠࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ
23
3 ࢝ᅜࡢ㤳⬻఍ㄯࡣ 2008 ᖺ࡟ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ ASEAN ࡢചࢆ೉ࡾ࡚ጞࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊᨻ
἞ⓗ஦᝟࡟ࡼࡿ୰᩿ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ᫖ᖺࠊࢯ࡛࢘ࣝ෌ࡧ㛤ദࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ
3 ࣧᅜࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊᖾ࠸ࠊᕷሙࡢຊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ẚ㍑ⓗ㏿࠸࣮࣌ࢫ࡛⼥࿴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ᨻᗓࡢ⤌⧊ⓗᨭ᥼ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ⼥࿴ࡣࡉࡽ࡟ຍ㏿ࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
ヲ⣽࡟ࡣゝཬࡋࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ⚾ࡣ CMIM ࡀᇦෆࡢ㏻㈌ᇶ㔠࡟Ⓨᒎࡍࡿࡢࢆ㢪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔㏻㈌ᇶ㔠ࠖࡀ㥏┠࡞ࡽ௚ࡢ࿧⛠࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊCMIM ࡣᇦෆࡢ㏻㈌ᇶ㔠࡟Ⓨᒎࡉ
ࡏࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊIMF ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪤Ꮡࡢᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵࡜ࡣㄪ࿴ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࣛ࢖ࣂ
ࣝ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢⅬࠊAIIB ࡶࠊୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡸ ADB ࡢࣛ࢖ࣂࣝ࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ
ࡢ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⿵᏶ⓗ࡞ᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽᶵ㛵࡜༠ാࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋᅜ㝿㔠⼥ᶵ㛵ࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢ
ᆅᇦࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࡑࡢ௚ࡢᆅᇦࡶᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵࡜ࡢ୍㈏ᛶࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿ㝈ࡾࠊ⡿ᅜࡸ௚ࡢᅜࠎࡀタ❧࡟཯ᑐࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᡃࠎࡣࡇࡢ┠ᶆ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ
࡚ࠊ࣮ࣟࢻ࣐ࢵࣉࢆసᡂࡋࡼ࠺࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࠿ࠋ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊASEAN㸩3 ࡢ
GDP ࡢ 90㸣௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵࡿ᪥୰㡑 3 ࣧᅜࡣᐦ᥋࡟༠ຊࡋྜ࠺࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡈΎ⫈࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
24
㸳㸬ࣃࢿ࣭ࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ
ྖ఍㸸 ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࣃࢿ࣭ࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆጞࡵࡲࡍࠋ⾜ኳ⌮஦㛗࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
⾜ኳ㸸 ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡣᡃࠎ㸱ேࡢࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢ㛫࡛ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢࢺࣆࢵࢡ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ពぢ஺᥮ࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡜㆟ㄽࡋࡓ࠸ࢺࣆࢵࢡࡣ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ
ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ᫬㛫ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ3ࠊ4 ࡘ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ᥦ㉳ࡋࡓ࠸᭱ึࡢࢺࣆࢵࢡࡣࠊ௒ࡲ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡛ࡶฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ≉ᛶࡣ
ࡑࡢከᵝᛶ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ࡼࡃゝࢃࢀࠊ඲ࡃࡑࡢ㏻ࡾࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡋ࠿ࡋྠ᫬࡟࢔ࢪ࢔࡟
ࡣࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔⊂≉ࡢ౯್ほࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡀࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ୰࡛࠿࡞ࡾᙉࡃ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ≉
࡟ࡇࢀࡣ 1980 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ 90 ᖺ௦࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔⤒῭ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㡰ㄪ࡟ᣑ኱ࡋࡓ᫬ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔
ࡢወ㊧࡜ゝࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࠊࡑࡢ᫬࡟࢔ࢪ࢔ேࡢ࡞࠿࠿ࡽࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ࡣୡ⏺ࡢ௚ࡢᆅᇦ
࡟ࡣ࡞࠸≉ᛶࠊᙉࡳࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㆟ㄽࡣࠊ࣮࣐࣭ࣜࣥࢩࣙࢵ
ࢡࡢᚋࠊḢ⡿ࡢ㔠⼥ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᡴᧁࢆ⿕ࡗࡓ᫬࡟ࡶࠊྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟Ḣ⡿ࡢࢩࢫ
ࢸ࣒ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟⬤ᙅ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ⓗ࡞౯್ほ࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊつᚊࡀ࠶ࡿ
࠿ࡽᙉ࠸ࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡣࠊᮏᙜ࡟ࡑ࠺࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ࡣᮏᙜ
࡟௚ࡢᆅᇦ࡟ࡣ࡞࠸ᙉࡳࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠊࡑࢀࡣලయⓗ࡟࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟
⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㠃ⓑ࠸ࢸ࣮࣐࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡜࠸
࠺ࡢࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔ⓗ౯್ほࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿ㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡾࠊྠ᫬࡟࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆぢࡲࡍ࡜ࠊከ
ࡃࡢᅜࡀ⮬ศࡢᅜࡢ⊂≉ࡢ౯್ほࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉࡃ୺ᙇࡍࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏ
ࡋ࠿ᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᙉࡳࡸ౯್ほࢆヰࡍࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸࡛ࡍࡋࠊࡲࡓ୰ᅜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊᡃࠎ
ࡀࡼࡃ⪥࡟ࡍࡿゝⴥ࡟ࠊ୰ᅜⓗ࡞≉ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓ♫఍୺⩏ࠊ୰ᅜⓗ࡞≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗࡓ㈨ᮏᕷሙ
࡞࡝࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
࢔ࢪ࢔࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ከᵝ࡞ᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࡢ୰࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ
ࡓ࢔ࢪ࢔ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡶ࠶ࡿࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୍ぢࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ┦཯ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞≀
ࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡢ࠿࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢⅬ
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ௒᪥ࡏࡗ࠿ࡃࡢᶵ఍࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ⛬኱౑࡜ྖ✵⌮஦㛗࡟ࠊ࠾஧ேࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔ⓗ౯್
࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠊࡶࡋ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤ୍యࡑࢀࡣఱ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆఛ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⛬኱౑ࠊఱ࠿ࡈពぢࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
⛬㸸 ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ඛ࡯࡝ᑡࡋ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓ㏻ࡾࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ከࡃࡢẸ᪘ࡀᏑ
ᅾࡋࠊ᐀ᩍࠊᩥ໬ࡶከᵝ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢከᵝᛶࡀࡲࡉ࡟࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ౯್ほࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᩥ᫂ࡢࡦ࡜
ࡘࡢ≉ᚩ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᫬࡟⚾ࡣࠕ᪥ᮏᅾࡀ㛗࠸ࡀࠊ୰ᅜே࡜᪥ᮏேࡀ௜ࡁྜ
࠺࡜ࡁ࡟ᚰᚓࡿ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࠖ࡜ࡢ㉁ၥࢆཷࡅࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡣྠᩥྠ✀࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀ࠶
25
ࡾࠊࡇࡢゝⴥࡣࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸ዲពⓗ࡟ࠊⰋ࠸ព࿡࡛౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢゝⴥ㏻ࡾ࡟
୰ᅜே࡜᪥ᮏேࡀ௜ࡁྜ࠺࡜ࠊ᫬ࠎㄗゎࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡲࡍࠋ㡑ᅜே࡜ࡢ㛫ࡶྠᵝ࡛ࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺
ࡢࡣࠊ㢦ࡀྠࡌࠊ╔࡚࠸ࡿ᭹ࡶྠࡌ̿̿ࡲ࠶᫇ࠊ୰ᅜேࡣேẸ᭹ࢆ╔࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝̿
ࠕྠࡌࠖ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚ヰࢆࡍࡿ࡜ࠊఱ࡛⪃࠼᪉ࡀ㐪࠺ࡢ࠿࡜࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ㖟ᗙ࡛㈙࠸≀ࢆࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿ୰ᅜே࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ⓙᵝࡣࠕ኱ኌ࡛㦁࠸࡛࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠾ឤࡌ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡶࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୰ᅜேࡶ᪥ᮏேࡶ㡑ᅜேࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐪࠺ᅜࡢே㛫࡛࠶ࡾࠊᩥ໬ࡀ㐪࠺ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ほ
Ⅼ࡟❧ࡗ࡚஺ὶࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
ࠕ㐪࠺ࠖࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠕ᱌እ㏆࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺༳㇟ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ඹ㏻Ⅼࠊ㢮ఝⅬࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ୰࡟ࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ࠊ≉࡟ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ᗈࡲࡗࡓ൲ᩍࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ
൲ᏛࠊᏍᏊࡢᩍ࠼ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ൲ᩍ࡜ࡣ᐀ᩍ࡛࡞ࡃ୍ࡘࡢᩥ໬࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢඹ
㏻ࡢ౯್ほ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ൲ᩍ࡛ࡣࡲࡎࠊㄪ࿴ࡸᖹ࿴࡟㏻ࡌࡿ
ࠕ࿴ࠖࡢ⢭⚄ࢆᑛࡧࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠕ♩ࠖࢆᑾࡃࡋ࡚ࠊ࠾஫࠸ࢆᖹ➼࡟ᢅ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ
࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᅜࠎࡀࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ൲ᩍࡢ౯್ほࢆ㔜どࡋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᙉࡳࢆ⏕࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ஺ὶࡋྜ
࠺ࡇ࡜࡛⮬ᅜࡢⓎᒎ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᆅᇦࡢ⦾ᰤࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ጼࢆᛮ࠸ᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
୰ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ㡑ᅜࡢࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢඹ㏻Ⅼ࡟₎Ꮠࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔㈼ே఍࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏ
ࡢ⚟⏣ᗣኵඖ⥲⌮ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ᭮ᇵ⅖ඖ๪⥲⌮ࠊ㡑ᅜࡢᮤὥ஑ඖ⥲⌮ࡀྛᅜࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜࡞ࡾࠊ
Ꮫ⪅ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆ⋡࠸࡚ࠊ3 ࣧᅜ࡛ඹ㏻໬ࡉࡏࡿ₎Ꮠ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ
ᡂᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᫖ᖺ 11 ᭶ᮎࡢ఍㆟࡛ࡣ 808 Ꮠࡢ₎Ꮠࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡓᮏࡀⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽ
808 Ꮠࡀඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࠊ⾤ࡢᶆ㆑ࡶ኱య㏻ࡌࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
୰ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ㡑ᅜࡢ㛫ࡢேⓗ஺ὶࠊᩥ໬஺ὶࡀ୍ᒙ㐍ࡴ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࡣࡇࢀ
ࡄࡽ࠸࡛ࠋ
⾜ኳ㸸 ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋྖ✵⌮஦㛗ࠊࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ఱ࠿ࡈពぢࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿㸽
ྖ✵㸸
⚾ࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ౯್ほࡀ≉࡟Ḣ⡿ே࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄒࡽࢀࡿ᫬ࠊ኱యࡣࠊ൲ᩍᛮ᝿ࢆᅵྎ
࡜ࡍࡿ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ౯್ほࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ≉࡟ࠊᩍ⫱࡜໅ຮࡉࡀ㧗ࡃホ
౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ20 ୡ⣖ึ㢌ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶฟ㌟ࡢ࣐ࢵࢡࢫ࣭࢙࣮࢘ࣂ࣮ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢ൲ᩍ
ⓗఏ⤫ࡣ㏆௦໬ࡢጉࡆ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ1960 ᖺ௦ࠊ70 ᖺ௦࡟᪥ᮏࠊࡑࡋ࡚
㡑ᅜ࡞࡝࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢࠕ4 㢌ࡢ⹡ࠖࡢ⤒῭ࡀᛴᣑ኱ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊேࠎࡣࠕ࠶࠶ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ౯
್ほࡇࡑࡀࠊ┦ᑐⓗ࡟㏿࠸⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆಁࡋࡓࡢࡔࠋࠖ࡜ゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࡢᨾ࣮࣭ࣜࢡ࣭࣮࣡ࣥࣘึ௦㤳┦ࡶ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ౯್ほ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋ
ࡓࠋᙼࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ౯್ほࡸ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ࡢ࣐ࣁࢸ࢕࣮ࣝඖ㤳┦ࡢࠕࣝࢵࢡ࣭࢖࣮ࢫࢺࠖᨻ⟇
ࢆᣲࡆࡿ࡜ࠊேࠎࡣࠊወ㊧ⓗ࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡜⦾ᰤࢆಁ㐍ࡋࡓ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠊ㧗ᗘ࡞ᩍ⫱࡜໅
ຮࡉࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ
26
࣐ࢵࢡࢫ࣭࢙࣮࢘ࣂ࣮ࡀ㏆௦໬ࡸ㈨ᮏ୺⩏࡟൲ᩍⓗ౯್ࡀ୙ྥࡁ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽ
ࡃࠊ൲ᩍ♫఍࡟ၟᴗࠊ஦ᴗࠊᢏ⾡⪅࡞࡝ࢆぢୗࡍ⩦័ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⚾ࡣࠊ
1980 ᖺ௦࡟ࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫ♫࠿ࡽห⾜ࡉࢀࡓⴭ᭩࡛グࡋࡓ㏻ࡾࠊ൲ᩍⓗᩥ໬ࡣ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡢ
ጉࡆ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁಁ㐍ࡢせᅉ࡟࡞ࡾᚓࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋṇࡋ࠸ᨻ⟇ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ൲ᩍⓗᩥ
໬࡜౯್ほࡣࠊ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡟ࣉࣛࢫᐤ୚ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣࡑࡢ౯್ࡢᜠᜨࢆࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ 3 ࢝ᅜࡣ኱࠸࡟ாཷࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ౯
್ほ࡜ࡣ」㞧࡞ᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐇ㝿࡟ఱࢆᣦࡍࡢ࠿ศ࠿ࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⊃ࡃゎ㔘ࡋࡓሙྜࠊ
3 ࢝ᅜࡣࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ౯್ほࠖࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡼࡾ⥭ᐦ࡟㐃ᦠ࣭༠ຊࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᩥ໬ⓗ࡛౯
್ࡢ࠶ࡿᇶ┙ࢆࠊ᪤࡟᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣ᪥ᮏ࣭୰ᅜ࣭㡑ᅜ࠿ࡽࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷㆑⪅ 10 ேࡀཧຍࡍࡿࠕ᪥୰㡑㈼ே఍㆟ࠖࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ
࣮ࡢ୍ே࡛ࡍࠋ㈼ே఍㆟ࡣࠊ3 ࣧᅜࡀඹ᭷ࡍࡿ 808 Ꮠࡢ₎Ꮠࢆ㑅ᐃࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᡃࠎࡣἑᒣࡢ
஦᯶ࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ౯್ほ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄒࡿ㝿ࠊᩍ⫱࡜໅ຮࡉࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࠕ໭ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ౯್ほࠖ
࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡲࡍࠋࠕ▱㆑ࢆᇶ♏࡜ࡋࡓ⤒῭㸦knowledge based economy㸧ࠖ࡜࠸ࢃࢀࡿࡇ
ࡢ᫬௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᩍ⫱ࡣᅜࡢ⦾ᰤ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᵓᡂせ⣲࡛ࡍࠋ3 ࢝ᅜࡣࡇࢀࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚
࠾ࡾࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟௚ࡢᅜࠎ࡟ᑐࡍࡿඃ఩ᛶࢆಖࡕᚓࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
⾜ኳ㸸 ☜࠿࡟ࠊᡃࠎ3 ࢝ᅜ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᩍ⫱࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⇕ᚰࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ஦ᐇࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ
ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟᭱㏆ࠊୖ⣭ᩍ⫱ࠊ኱Ꮫࡸ኱Ꮫ㝔ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᩍ⫱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱
ࡢ௙᪉ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ⓗ࡞Ꮫᰯࡢ㐠Ⴀ࡟ࡣࠊᅜ㝿➇தຊࡀ࡞࠸ࡌࡷ࡞࠸࠿ࠊ௒ୡ⏺࡛ࣛࣥࢡࡀ㧗
࠸ࡢࡣࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀḢ⡿ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛ࠊᐇ㝿ၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ⱝ࠸ேࡓࡕࡀ࡝ࡇࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟⾜ࡁࡓ࠸࡜
ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜ゝ࠼ࡤࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺Ḣ⡿ࡢ኱Ꮫ㸦࡜⟅࠼ࡿࡢ㸧ࡀከ࠸ࡢࡶ஦ᐇ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿
ࡽࠊ☜࠿࡟൲ᩍⓗ࡞ఏ⤫ࡢ୰࡛ࠊᩍ⫱ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⇕ពࡀᙉ࠸ࡢࡣ஦ᐇࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ
ࡀࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺ᩍ⫱ࢆࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⚾ࡣࡲࡔ࢔ࢪ࢔࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜ࡋ
ࡓಙᛕࠊ⪃࠼ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡜ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࠊ⛬኱౑
ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓ₎Ꮠࡢヰࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟㠃ⓑ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡋࠊ᭷ព⩏ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⌧ᐇࢆぢࡿ
࡜ࠊ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣ⡆యᏐࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㐍ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᬑ㏻ࡢ᪥ᮏேࡣ୰ᅜࡢ⡆యᏐࢆ
ࡍࡄぢ࡚ࢃ࠿ࡿேࡣ࠸࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ㡑ᅜࡢሙྜࡣࣁࣥࢢࣝ
໬ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㐍ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᫇ࡣࠊᡃࠎࡀ㡑ᅜ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ࠾ᗑࡢ┳ᯈࢆぢ࡚ࡶศ࠿
ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ᭱㏆ࣁࣥࢢࣝࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛₎Ꮠࡢ▱㆑ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᙺ࡟❧ࡓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡇ࠺࠸࠺஦ែࢆࡶ࠺୍ᅇኚ࠼࡚ࠊ⤫୍ࡋࡓ₎Ꮠ࡟ࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠺
27
ࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⌧≧ࡣࡑࡇࡲ࡛ 3 ࢝ᅜࡢ⇕ព࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛㐍ࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
⛬㸸 ⚾ࡣ୰ᅜ࡛␎Ꮠ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇࡔࡢࡣ 1956 ᖺ࡜ 1962 ᖺ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ1979
ᖺ࡟➨ 3 ḟ␎Ꮠ᱌࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀฟࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᩍ⫱⌧ሙࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡋ࡚඲ᅜⓗ࡟኱ኚ࡞ࣈ࣮࢖
ࣥࢢࡀ㉳ࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⤖ᒁ 1 ᖺᚋ࡟᧔ᅇࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ௨ୖ␎ࡋ࡚ࡣⰋࡃ࡞࠸࡜ࡢ⪃࠼ࡀ
␎Ꮠ໬ࢆṆࡵࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ⌧ᅾ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ␎Ꮠࡣ 1956 ᖺ࡜ 1962 ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉ
ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋྂ௦௨㝆ࡢᩥᏐࡢṔྐࢆぢࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ⮬↛࡟ᑡࡋࡎࡘ␎Ꮠࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓヂ࡛
ࡍࡀࠊ⌧≧ࡣࡇ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ
㡑ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ₎Ꮠᩍ⫱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪ࡭ࡲࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ㡑ᅜ࡛ࡣ 1970 ᖺ௦࡟Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ₎
Ꮠᩍ⫱ࡀᗫṆࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⚾ࡀ㡑ᅜ࡛኱౑ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫࡟ࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆ
᪂⪺࡛ㄞࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㡑ᅜࡢ⥲⌮⤒㦂⪅ 19 ேࡀᙜ᫬ࡢᮤ᫂༤኱⤫㡿࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㡑
ᅜࡢᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ₎Ꮠᩍ⫱ࢆ᚟άࡍ࡭ࡋࠊ࡜࠸࠺ෆᐜࡢᡭ⣬ࢆ㐃ྡ࡛㏦ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡑࡢ᫬࠿ࡽᚎࠎ࡟ࠊ3 ࢝ᅜࡢ㛫࡛₎Ꮠࡣ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ヰࡋྜ࠸ࡀᣢࡕୖࡀࡗࡓ࡜⌮ゎࡋ
࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ྖ✵㸸 ⚾ࢆྵࡵከࡃࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶᇶ♏ⓗ࡞₎Ꮠࢆ㡑ᅜ࡛ࡶᩍ࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶
ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㈼ே఍ࡢᥦゝ࡟ࡶ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ808 Ꮠࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ㐨㊰ᶆ
㆑ࡣඹ㏻໬ࡉࢀࡲࡍࡋࠊ3 ࣧᅜ㛫ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣ኱࠸࡟ಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
808 Ꮠ࡟ຍ࠼ࠊ୰➼ᩍ⫱࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣ㑅ᐃࡉࢀࡓ₎Ꮠࡀࡍ࡛࡟ᩍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ㡑ᅜㄒࡸࡑࡢ
௚ࡢゝㄒ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟₎Ꮠࢆᩍ࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜ከࡃࡢேࡀ୺ᙇࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㡑
ᅜࡢᗂ⛶ᅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡉ࠼ࡶࠊᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡣ୰ᅜㄒࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊⱥㄒࡔࡅࢆ⩦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ
ࡍࠋ
⾜ኳ㸸 ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡡࠊࡑࡢၥ㢟ࡣ☜࠿࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ₎Ꮠࢆඹ㏻໬ࡍࡿヰ࡜࠿ࠊࡑࡢ
࡯࠿ゝㄒ㠃࡛ࡢඹ㏻ࡢヰ࡜ࠊ⌧ᐇၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ⱥㄒࡀ௒ࡸࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ゝㄒ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜
࠸࠺⌧ᐇࠊࡇࢀࢆᡃࠎ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚࡝࠺⪃࠼ࡿ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣඛ࡯࡝
ࡲࡉ࡟࠾ヰࡀ࠶ࡗࡓᩍ⫱ࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡶ┤᥋⧅ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡀ࢔ࣥࢢࣟࢧࢡࢯ
ࣥ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡣࡸࡣࡾⱥㄒࡢၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࡦ࡜ࡘࡇࢀ
࠿ࡽࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࠊ≉࡟୰ᅜࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡀ␗ᵝ࡞ໃ࠸࡛Ⓨᒎ
ࢆࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊ௒ࡸ᪤࡟⤒῭ⓗ࣭㌷஦ⓗ࡞ຊ࡛ୡ⏺ࡢ 1ࠊ2 ࢆத࠺ᆅ఩࡟࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ
ຊࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡋ࡚୰ᅜࡀࠊඛ࡯࡝኱౑ࡢ࠾ヰ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᇦෆ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣୡ
⏺ࡢሙ࡛ᣦᑟⓗ࡞❧ሙࢆྲྀࡿᚲせࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ⚾ࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡞ὶࢀࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸
28
ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡓࡔࡑࡢሙྜ࡟ࠊ୰ᅜࡣఱ࠿ࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜ࡋࡓᣦᑟ⌮ᛕ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᙺ๭
ࢆᯝࡓࡑ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋࡑࡢ㎶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ࠾⪃࠼ࢆఛ࠸ࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡜
࠸࠺ࡢࡣṔྐࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ19 ୡ⣖ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡀୡ⏺ࡢᣦᑟᅜᐙࡔࡗࡓ᫬ᮇࡀ࠶
ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᙼࡽࡣ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ᐇ㝿࡟ᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡣู࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶᣦᑟ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ
⌮ᛕ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆࠊ౛࠼ࡤࣀࣈࣞࢫ࣭࢜ࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣗ㸦㑅ࡤࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢ㈐௵㸧࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡸ
࣮࣭ࣝࣝ࢜ࣈ࣭࣮ࣟ㸦ἲࡢ⊂❧㸧࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ20 ୡ⣖࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࢔࣓ࣜ
࢝ࡀୡ⏺ࡢᣦᑟᅜᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓ᫬࡟ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ேࡣࡈᢎ▱ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾཱྀࢆ㛤ࡅ
ࡤẸ୺୺⩏㸦ࢹࣔࢡࣛࢩ࣮㸧ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⮬⏤㸦ࣇ࣮ࣜࢲ࣒㸧ࠊேᶒ㸦ࣄ࣮࣐࣭ࣗࣥࣛ࢖ࢶ㸧
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡀࡑ࠺࠸࠺ဴᏛ࣭⌮ᛕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᣦᑟ⪅ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ࡜ゝ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡶࡋ୰ᅜࡀࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ≉࡟࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ᣦᑟⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡑ࠺࡜࠸࠺ሙྜ࡟ࠊ
ఱ࠿ࡑࢀ࡟༉ᩛࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼᪉ࡣ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࡑࢀࡣఱ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ
࠺࠿ࠋ
⛬㸸 ࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣ 2010 ᖺ࡟ GDP ࡀୡ⏺➨ 2 ఩࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ
ࡀࠊ⤒῭࠾ࡼࡧᅜᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢⓎᒎࡣ⊂⮬࡛࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᨵ㠉㛤ᨺᨻ⟇ࡢ㛤ጞ௨
᮶ࠊࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ࢔ࢪ࢔ࠊ≉࡟ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣୡ
⏺࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࡝࠺࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿ࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ㏆ᖺࠊᅜຊࡢᣑ኱࡟కࡗ࡚㈐௵ࡢ㔜ࡉࡀ
ቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࡣ⚾ࡀ 6 ᖺ๓࡟᪥ᮏ࡟㥔᪥኱౑࡜ࡋ࡚㉱௵ࡋࡓ᫬࠿ࡽࠊ
ᖹ࿴ࠊⓎᒎࠊ༠ຊࠊwin-win ࡢ 4 ࡘࢆୡ⏺ࡢⓎᒎࠊ⦾ᰤࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡢࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ッ࠼
࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ୰ᅜࡣࡑࢀࢆᑡࡋࡎࡘࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ලయ໬ࡉࡏ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୍ᅜࡀࣜ
࣮ࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆⓎ᥹ࡋ࡚௚ࡢᅜࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ୖୗ㛵ಀ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ཭ዲ㛵ಀࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡞ࡀ
ࡽඹ࡟Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓእ஺ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ㠃
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྛᆅᇦࡢ≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ⥲ྜⓗ࡛ࠊ༠ຊ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀
ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋඛ࡯࡝⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ൲ᩍࠊᏍᏊࡢᩍ࠼࡟㏻ࡌࡿ
࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ஫࠸࡟ㄪ࿴ࡋ࡚ᖹ࿴ⓗ࡞⢭⚄࡛ඹ࡟Ⓨᒎࢆ⥆ࡅࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣࠕ୍ᖏ୍㊰ࠖࠊ
ࠕࢩࣝࢡ࣮ࣟࢻ⤒῭࣋ࣝࢺ࡜ 21 ୡ⣖ᾏୖࢩ
ࣝࢡ࣮ࣟࢻࠖ
ࠊAIIB㸦࢔ࢪ࢔࢖ࣥࣇࣛᢞ㈨㖟⾜㸧タ❧࡞࡝ࡢᙧ࡛ᑡࡋࡎࡘලయ໬ࡉࡏ࡚ࠊ㈐
௵ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㛵ಀྛᅜ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
⾜ኳ㸸 ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋྖ✵⌮஦㛗ࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㡑ᅜࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽࡢࡈ
ពぢࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
ྖ✵㸸 ୰ᅜ⤒῭ࡣ⡿ᅜ⤒῭ࢆ 2014 ᖺ࡟㉎㈙ຊᖹ౯࣮࣋ࢫ࡛㏣࠸㉺ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊከࡃࡢᑓ㛛
ᐙ㐩ࡣྡ┠࣮࣋ࢫ࡛ࡶ 7 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 10 ᖺࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟㏣࠸㉺ࡍ࡜ண ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋୡ⏺⤒῭ࡢ࢞ࣂ
29
ࢼࣥࢫࡢᵓ㐀ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢ఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡜⤒῭ຊࡢኚ໬ࢆ཯ᫎࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ୰ᅜࡀබඹ㈈౪
⤥ࡢศᢸ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㈐௵࠶ࡿୡ⏺ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ᙺࢆᘬࡁཷࡅࡿࡢࢆぢࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ
බඹ㈈ࡢ౪⤥࡟ࡣࢥࢫࢺࡶ࠿࠿ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ┤ᚋࠊ⡿ᅜࡀ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆ࡜ࡾࠊࣈࣞࢺ࣭ࣥ࢘ࢵࢬయไࢆタ❧ࡋࠊḢ
ᕞ࡟ࡣ࣐࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝࣉࣛࣥࢆ⟇ᐃࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢィ⏬ࢆసࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⡿
ᅜࡣ⮬ࡽ኱ࡁ࡞ࢥࢫࢺࢆ㈇ᢸࡋࡘࡘࠊୡ⏺ࡢ㔠⼥Ᏻᐃ໬࡜⮬⏤㈠᫆యไࡢᵓ⠏࡟ᚲせ࡞බ
ඹ㈈ࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
⡿ᅜࡢ┦ᑐⓗ࡞⤒῭ຊࡀ┦ᙜⴠࡕ㎸ࡳࠊ୍᪉࡛୰ᅜࡢຊࡀቑ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧ᅾ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊୡ
⏺ࡀ୰ᅜ࡟බඹ㈈౪⤥࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࠊ⚾ࡣ㢪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜ
ࡣࡶࡣࡸ༢࡟ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᅜࠎ࡜➇தࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢᬑ㏻ࡢᅜ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊୡ⏺⤒῭ࢆඛᑟࡍࡿ㈐௵
ࢆ㈇࠺࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣ௚ࡢᅜࠎࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ୰ᅜ⮬㌟࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ᭷┈࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡣ෌ᗘ AIIB ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊタ❧ᙜึ࠿ࡽࠊAIIB ࡣୡ
⏺㖟⾜ࡸ ADB ➼ࡢ᪤Ꮡࡢᶵᵓ࡜ࡢ➇த┦ᡭ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⿵᏶
ⓗ࣭⿵㊊ⓗ࡞⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰ᅜࡶࡑ࠺࠸࠺❧ሙࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ
すḢㅖᅜࡸ㡑ᅜࡀཧຍࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠸ࡘ࠿᪥ᮏࡶ AIIB ࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣ୰ᅜࡀࠊ㈠᫆ศ㔝ࡸ㔠⼥ศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡑࡢᆅ఩࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ࠊ㈐௵࠶ࡿୡ⏺ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ
࣮࡟࡞ࡿࡢࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
⾜ኳ㸸 ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㛗࠸ᑗ᮶ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊỌ⥆ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿୡ⏺ࡢᖹ࿴ࡸⓎᒎ
࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢᇶ♏࡟ඹ㏻ࡋࡓ౯್ほࡀ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ඹ᭷ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࠿࠿ࡗ
࡚ࡃࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣඛ࡯࡝࠾ヰࢆ࠺࠿ࡀࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ൲ᩍⓗ࡞౯್࡜
࠸࠺ࡢࡣḢ⡿♫఍࡛ࡣཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
໅ຮ࡜࠿ᩍ⫱ࡢ㔜せᛶࡣู࡟࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᑓ኎ရ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿ౯್࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࢃ
ࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ⌧ᐇࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣࠊ༢࡞ࡿᩥ໬ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶᨻ἞యไ࡜࠿⤒῭య
ไ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࡑࡇ࡟࠿ࡽࢇ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ⡆༢࡟ඹ㏻ࡢ౯್ほ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡟ࡣ࠸࠿࡞࠸࠿
࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡏࡼୡ⏺ࡀᩥ᫂ࡢ⾪✺࡜࠸࠺᱁ዲ࡛ศ⿣ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡣ㠀
ᖖ࡟୙ᖾ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡓ࠼ࡎࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡢ஺ὶ࣭஺᥮࣭┦஫ࡢ
⌮ゎࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸࠿࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣ࠾ヰࢆࡍࢀࡤ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛
࡛ࡶ࠾ヰࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ᫬㛫ࡢไ⣙ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ḟࡢヰ㢟࡟⛣ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ඛ࡯࡝࠿ࡽ࠾ヰࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ௒࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ⤒῭ຊࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ౛࠼ࡤ
ASEAN+3 ࡢ⤒῭つᶍࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡼࡾࡶ EU ࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣ
30
ASEAN+3 ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡽ࠼᪉ࢆࡍࢀࡤୡ⏺᭱኱ࡢ⤒῭య࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௒ࡲ࡛ࡇࡢᆅ
ᇦ࡛ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟≉ᚩⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡇࡢᇦෆ࡛࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ẁ㝵࡛
ࡢ㒊ရࡸ༙〇ရࡀసࡽࢀࠊࡑࢀࡀ࡯࠿ࡢᅜ࡟⛣ࡉࢀ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡉࡽ࡟ຍᕤࡉࢀ࡚᭱⤊ⓗ࡟
ࡣ୺࡜ࡋ࡚୰ᅜ࡛ࡑࢀࡀ᭱⤊〇ရ࡟࢔ࢵࢭࣥࣈࣝ㸦⤌❧࡚㸧ࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡸ࣮ࣚࣟࢵ
ࣃ࡟㍺ฟࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢧࣉࣛ࢖ࢳ࢙࣮ࣥࡀฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚
࠸࡚ᆅᇦ඲యࡢ⤒῭ᣑ኱ࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡓ኱ࡁ࡞⌮⏤ࡔࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ
⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊᇦෆ඲యࡀ㧗㱋໬ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺࠼ࠊ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡸ㈨※ࡢไ⣙ࡢၥ㢟࡜࠿࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ
࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᇦෆ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᡂ㛗ຊࡣᚑ᮶ࡼࡾࡣୗࡀࡗ࡚ࡇࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ
⌧࡟ࡑࡢഴྥࡣጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ 10 ᖺࠊ20 ᖺඛࡢᆅᇦࡢ≧ἣࢆ
⪃࠼ࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛☜࠿࡟Ⓨᒎࢆࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ1 ேᙜࡓࡾࡢ GDP ࡀ 2 ୓ࢻࣝ௨ୖ
ࡢᅜࡣ᪥ᮏ࡜㡑ᅜ࡜ࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ఩ࡋ࠿࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶࡋᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔
ࡀ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ඛ㐍ᅜ࣭㧗ᡤᚓᅜࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ධࡾࡓ࠸࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ࠿࡞ࡾ㧗࠸ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࡢᡂ
㛗ࢆࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ┦ᙜᮇ㛫⥆ࡅ࡚⾜࠿࡞࠸࡜㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡢሙྜ࡟௒ࡲ࡛ࡢᇦෆ࡛᏶⤖
ࡋࡓࢧࣉࣛ࢖ࢳ࢙࣮ࣥࡢᵓ㐀ࡣࡇࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡣᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⌧࡟ࡶ࠺୰ᅜࡣ༢࡞ࡿ
࢔ࢵࢭࣥࣈࣝࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ୰ᅜࡢ⤒῭⮬యࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗ᗘ࡞〇㐀ᴗࡢ࡯࠺࡟ື࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍ
ࡋࠊᾘ㈝ᕷሙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࠕ࡝ࡇ࡛ఱࢆసࡗ࡚ࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ㄡࡀ㈙࠺ࡢ
࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⤒῭ᵓ㐀ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸࠿࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡅ࡞࠸᫬ᮇ࡟᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
⚾ࡀⓙࡉࢇࡢࡈពぢࢆఛ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅜࡢࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢᡂ㛗ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜࠸࠺ࡶ
ࡢࢆ࡝࠺⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡢሙྜࡣ⌧ᅾࡢ⩦㏆ᖹయไࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࡢ
ᨵ㠉࡛ࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺⤒῭ᵓ㐀࡟ࡋࡓ࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ᮍ᮶ീࡣ୍ᛂฟ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㡑ᅜࡢ
ሙྜࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋྖ✵⌮஦㛗ࠊᑗ᮶ࡢᡂ㛗ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ఱ࠿࠾⪃࠼ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲ
ࡍ࠿ࠋ
ྖ✵㸸
➨୍ࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕᆶ┤ⓗࠖศᴗࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧ᅾࡢ㈠᫆ࣔࢹ
ࣝࢆኚ࠼࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣᇦෆ㈠᫆ࡢᚲ↛ⓗ࡞ῶᑡࡣព࿡ࡋࡲࡏ
ࢇࠋࡇࡢᆅᇦࡀᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࠕỈᖹⓗࠖศᴗ࡛ࡍࠋ௨๓ࡣ୰ᅜ࡟୰㛫㈈ࡀ
㍺ฟࡉࢀࠊ୰ᅜࡀࡇࢀࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚࡚㍺ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ3 ࢝ᅜࡣ᭱⤊㈈ࡶࡋࡃࡣࡑ
ࢀ࡜ྠ➼ࡢࡶࡢࢆ஺᫆ࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࠕᆶ┤ⓗࠖ࡞ศᴗࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡼࡾࠕỈᖹⓗࠖ࡞ศᴗ
ࡶᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋࡼࡾࠕỈᖹⓗ࡞ࠖศᴗ᪉ἲࡀぢࡘ࠿ࢀࡤࠊᕷሙࡣ 3 ࢝ᅜ㛫ࡢ㈠᫆࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᪂
ࡓ࡞ᡭἲࢆぢฟࡍ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
஧ࡘ┠ࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡣࠊࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ⏘ᴗ࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ୰㛫ᒙࡢᛴቑ࡜ᛴ㏿࡞㒔ᕷ
໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㟂せࡀᛴቑࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ㡑ᅜࡸࡑࡢ௚ࡢᅜࠎ࠿ࡽࡢ┦ᙜ㢠ࡢᾏእ
┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ⌧⾜ࡢ FTA ࢆࢧ࣮ࣅࢫศ㔝࡟ᣑ኱ࡋࠊFTA ࢆ
31
㧗ᗘ໬ࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ 3 ࢝ᅜ㛫ࡢ㈠᫆ࣇ࣮ࣟࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࠊᡃࠎࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞ᡂ㛗ࡢ
✀ࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡲࡍࠋ
࠶ࡽࡓࡵ࡚ࠊ㡑ᅜࡢᠱᛕ஦㡯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㡑ᅜ⤒῭ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡟ᡂ㛗※ࢆ᥈ࡍ࡭ࡃࠊࢠ
࢔ࢆษࡾ᭰࠼ࡡࡤࡽ࡞࠸Ⓨᒎẁ㝵࡟㐩ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ⌧ᅾࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡶࡍ࡛࡟⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇ
࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠊ₯ᅾᡂ㛗⋡ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶ㏿ࡃపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ┠ୗࠊ㡑ᅜࡢ₯ᅾᡂ㛗⋡
ࡣࢃࡎ࠿ 3.0%̺3.5%⛬ᗘ࡜᥎ィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋཎᅉࡣ㧗㱋໬ࠊປാ᫬㛫ࡢ⦰ᑠࠊపㄪ࡞ᢞ
㈨ࠊ⏕⏘ᛶࡢ㕌࠸ఙࡧ࡞࡝࡛ࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣ㡑ᅜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࢧ࣮ࣅࢫศ㔝ࡢつไࢆ⦆࿴ࡍࢀࡤࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸㞠⏝ࠊ≉࡟ࠊ௜ຍ౯್ࡢ
㧗࠸㞠⏝ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡏࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᮍࡔ♫఍ⓗ࣭ᨻ἞ⓗ࡞⌮⏤࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ
ᢞ㈨ࡢጉࡆ࡟࡞ࡿከࡃࡢつไࡸ௓ධࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡢヨ⟬࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ㐺ษ࡞ᨻ⟇ࡀ
ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࢀࡤࠊ㡑ᅜࡢ₯ᅾᡂ㛗⋡ࡣ 5 ᖺ㛫࡛ 1.5%ୖ᪼ࡋࡲࡍࠋᅔ㞴࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊᐇ⌧
ྍ⬟࡞ᩘ್࡛ࡍࠋᏳಸ㤳┦ࡀࠕ࢔࣋ࣀ࣑ࢡࢫࠖࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྥࡅ࡚ṇࡋࡃ➨୕ࡢ▮ࢆᡴ࡚ࡿ࠿
࡝࠺࠿ࡣᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉ḟ➨࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㡑ᅜ࡛ࡣࢧ࣮ࣅࢫศ㔝ࡢつไ⦆࿴ࡀ᭱኱ࡢㄢ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ
ປാࡢヰࢆࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ㡑ᅜࡢዪᛶࡢປാཧຍ⋡ࡀ᪥ᮏࡢࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶࡉࡽ࡟ 5%పࡃࠊ
OECD ㅖᅜࡢᖹᆒࢆ኱ᖜ࡟ୗᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ㦫࠿ࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㡑ᅜࡢዪᛶࡣୡ⏺࡛
᭱ࡶ㧗࠸ᏛṔࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ࠊ༑ศ࡟ά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ᫬㛫ࡣ࠿࠿ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠊ
ᨵၿࡢవᆅࡣ኱ࡁ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉࡜㧗㱋໬ࡢヰ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᢏ⾡㠉᪂ࡀ㏿࠸ࡇࡢ᫬௦࡟ࡣࠊ⏕ᾭ࡟ΏࡿᏛ⩦ࠊ
⥅⥆ⓗ࡞カ⦎ཬࡧ෌カ⦎ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋ኱Ꮫࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀኚ᭦ࡉࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡶࡑࡢࡓࡵ
࡛ࡍࠋᨵ㠉ࡣࠊᨻᗓ࣭ᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࣭௻ᴗࡢྛࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ᭷ຠά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ኱つᶍ࡞ປാຊࡀά⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ
ࡲࡍࠋ⛣Ẹཷࡅධࢀࡣ඲ࡃูḟඖࡢᨻ἞ⓗ࣭♫఍ⓗၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢヰ࡜ู࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊᅜෆ࡟
ࡣ᭷ຠά⏝࡛ࡁࡿዪᛶࡢປാຊ࡜㧗ᖺ㱋ᒙࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
㈨ᮏᢞ㈨ࡶࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ᭷ຠά⏝ࡀ┠ᣦࡉࢀࡿศ㔝ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡋࡓ
ୡ⏺࡛ࡣࠊࡼࡾⰋ࠸ࣅࢪࢿࢫ⎔ቃࢆᥦ౪ࡍࢀࡤࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ௻ᴗࢆㄏ⮴࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
⾜ኳ㸸 ྖ✵⌮஦㛗ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㡑ᅜࠊ୰ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉ࡀᡂຌࡍࡿ
ࡼ࠺࡟㢪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᫬㛫ࡀ㏕ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࡇࡢ᭱ᚋࡢヰ㢟࡟ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ
ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣᮅ㩭༙ᓥࡢᑗ᮶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࡍࠋᡃࠎ᪥ᮏேࡣ໭ᮅ㩭ࡢ
᰾㛤Ⓨࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟ᠱᛕࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㔠ṇᜠẶࡀ㔠ṇ᪥Ặࡢᚋࢆ⥅࠸ࡔ᫬ࠊࡇࡢⱝࡁ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮
ࡀᅜ㝿ἲ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡼࡾዲពⓗࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ぢ᪉ࢆࡍࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ
32
ࡀࠊ⌧ᐇࡣᡃࠎࡢᮇᚅࢆ⿬ษࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᡃࠎࡢᴦほⓗ࡞ᮇᚅࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᡴࡕ○࠿ࢀࡲ
ࡋࡓࠋ୰ᅜ࡜㡑ᅜࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿ⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸࠾஧ே࡟ࡈฟᖍ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢࡲࡓ࡜࡞࠸ᶵ
఍࡟ࠊ໭ᮅ㩭࠾ࡼࡧᮅ㩭༙ᓥࡢᮍ᮶࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᡃࠎࡣ
Ᏻᚰ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡶ༴㝤࡟ࡉࡽࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ⛬኱౑ࠊఱ࠿࠶ࡾࡲ
ࡍ࠿ࠋ
⛬㸸 ໭ᮅ㩭ࡣ᰾රჾ㛤Ⓨ࡜⤒῭Ⓨᒎࢆྠ᫬࡟᥎㐍ࡍࡿࠊ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ୰ᅜࡣ
᰾රჾ㛤Ⓨ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᫂☜࡞཯ᑐጼໃࢆሀᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡋࠊ໭ᮅ㩭࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶࡑࡢ᪨ࢆࡣࡗ
ࡁࡾ࡜ఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௒ᖺ 1 ᭶ 6 ᪥ࡢ᰾ᐇ㦂࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ 2 ᭶ 7 ᪥࡛ࡋࡓ࠿ࠊ࣑
ࢧ࢖ࣝᐇ㦂࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊṇ☜࡟ゝ࠺࡜࣑ࢧ࢖ࣝࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ౑ࡗࡓ⾨ᫍⓎᑕ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ୰ᅜᙜ
ᒁࡣࡑࡢ᪥ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟໭ி㥔ᅾࡢ኱౑ࢆ࿧ࢇ࡛ᢠ㆟ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ໭ᮅ㩭ࡶࠊᅜ㐃Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀⌮஦
఍ࡢỴ㆟࡟཯ࡋࡓࠊ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ᅜ㝿࣮ࣝࣝ㐪཯ࡢ⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࢀ࡞ࡾࡢᑐ౯ࢆᡶࡗ࡚ࠊ
᰾රჾࡸ࣑ࢧ࢖ࣝࡢ㛤ⓎࢆṆࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ୰ᅜࡣᅜ㐃Ᏻಖ⌮࡟࠾࠸࡚㈐௵ࢆᣢࡗ
࡚ヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊࡔ࠸ࡪࢇ㐍ᒎࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࠊ㏆ࠎࠊ
Ỵ㆟ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ
୰ᅜࡀሀᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ❧ሙࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡣࠊᮅ㩭༙ᓥ࡟࠾࠸࡚᰾රჾࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ஧ࡘ┠ࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡣᖹ࿴ⓗ࡟ゎỴࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠊࡘࡲ
ࡾᡓதࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ୕ࡘ┠ࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ฼┈ࡀᐖ
ࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ㐣ཤࠊ᰾රჾ㛵㐃ࡢၥ㢟୍࡛␒ࡲ࡜ࡲࡗࡓᩥ᭩ࡣ 2005
ᖺࡢ 6 ࢝ᅜ༠㆟࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 9.19 ඹྠኌ࡛᫂ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋኌ᫂ࡣࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆᑗ᮶࡝ࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡟ゎỴࡍࡿ࠿᫂ゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊヰࡀṆࡲࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ໭
ᮅ㩭ࡣ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛࡟ 3 ᅇ࡯࡝᰾රჾᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰ᅜࡣ⌧ᅾࠊྛᅜࡀኌ᫂ࡢཎⅬ࡟❧
ࡕᡠࡗ࡚᰾රჾࡢ㛤ⓎࢆṆࡵࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊᮅ㩭༙ᓥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ೵ᡓ༠ᐃࢆᖹ࿴༠ᐃ࡟㌿᥮ࡋ
࡚༙ᓥࡢᖹ࿴࡜Ᏻᐃࡀಖ࡚ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
⾜ኳ㸸 ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋྖ✵⌮஦㛗ࠊࡈពぢࢆ࡝࠺ࡒࠋ
ྖ✵㸸 ⚾ࡣࠊ࠾஧ேࡼࡾࡶ໭ᮅ㩭࡟ᑡࡋࡔࡅ㏆࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛
ࡍࠋ㡑ᅜᙜᒁࡣ᝟ሗࢆಖ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊಶே࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣㅖእᅜࡢሗ㐨ࡸ㡑
ᅜࡢ᪂⪺࠿ࡽ᝟ሗࢆᚓࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊⓙࡉࢇ௨ୖࡢ᝟ሗࡣᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ㡑ᅜ࡜໭ᮅ
㩭ࡣᆅ⌮ⓗ࡟㏆᥋ᛶࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㡑ᅜᅜẸࡀࡼࡾከࡃࡢ᝟ሗࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡣ࡞ࡗ࡚
࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ
၏୍ศ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ໭ᮅ㩭ࡀ኱ኚⱝࡃ࡚Ẽᛶࡀ⃭ࡋ࠸࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢୗ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜࡛ࡍࠋᡃࡀᅜࡶㅖእᅜ࡜ྠࡌࡃࠊࡑࡢືྥࢆᠱᛕࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
33
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⚾ࡣ໭ᮅ㩭ࡀ㈠᫆ࡢ 90%௨ୖࢆ୰ᅜ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚୰ᅜࡀྠ
ᅜ࡟᭱኱ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣ໭ᮅ㩭࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊཎἜ࡜࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ
୺せ࡞౪⤥⪅࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
໭ᮅ㩭ࡣ୰ᅜࡢᙉᅛ࡞ᨭ㓄ୗ࡟ࡣ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡣྠᅜ࡟᭱኱ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࢆ
᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡀ໭ᮅ㩭ࢆఱ࡜࠿ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࠊᅜ㝿♫఍࡜༠ാࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣᖾ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ
⚾ࡣࡑࡢດຊࡀ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㢪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᅜ㝿♫఍ࡣ໭ᮅ㩭ࡢ኱ኚ༴㝤࡞᰾ࡢࢤ࣮
࣒ࢆ㜵Ṇࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᐦ᥋࡟㐃ᦠࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ
⾜ኳ㸸 ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡶࡗ࡜ࡈ㆟ㄽ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
᫬㛫ࡀ᮶ࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࣃࢿ࣭ࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣࡇࢀ࡛⤊ࢃࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ
ࡁࡲࡍࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࡳ࡞ࡉࡲ࠿ࡽࡢࡈ㉁ၥࢆ࠾ཷࡅࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡼࢁࡋࡃ
࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
34
㸴㸬ࣇࣟ࢔࣮࡜ࡢ㉁␲ᛂ⟅
಴ෆ㸸 ⫈⾗ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࡲ࠿ࡽࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ㉁ၥࢆ㡬ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡕࡽ࡛௦ㄞࡉࡏ࡚㡬ࡁࡲࡍࠋ
᫬㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࠊ࠾୍ேࡦ࡜ࡘࡎࡘ㉁ၥࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ
ࡲࡎ᭱ึ࡟ࠊ⛬኱౑࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡅ࡝ࡶࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊேẸඖࡣ
ᅜ㝿໬ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆṌࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡇ࡜࡟ᕷሙ࡜ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜࡞ࡾࡲ
ࡍ࡜ࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ୰㖟⥲⿢ࡢᐃ౛఍ぢࡢ㛤ദ㢖ᗘ࡞࡝ࠊ௚ࡢ୺せ㏻㈌࡜ࡢᙜᒁࡢẚ㍑࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࠊぢຎࡾࡀࡋࡲࡍࠋᅜ㝿㏻㈌࡟┦ᛂࡋ࠸୰㖟ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊࡲࡓࡣᅜ㝿኱ᅜ
࡟┦ᛂࡋ࠸୰ኸᨻᗓࡢᅜ㝿♫఍࡜ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊ᝟ሗⓎಙ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ࠸ࡓ
ࡔࡅࡲࡍ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
⛬㸸 ேẸඖࡣ୰ᅜࡢᅜຊ࣭⤒῭つᶍࡀᣑ኱ࡍࡿ࡟కࡗ࡚ࠊᅜ㝿♫఍࠾ࡼࡧ㔠⼥ᕷሙ࡟࠾
ࡅࡿᙺ๭ࡀࡲࡍࡲࡍ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ᫖ᖺࡢ SDR ຍධ࡟కࡗ࡚ࠊᕷሙ࡜ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮
ࢩࣙࣥࡶ୍ᒙせồࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜୰ᅜࡣㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋேẸඖࡢ࣮ࣞࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ
࡟ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ពぢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ୰ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣィ⏬⤒῭ࡀ♫఍୺⩏ᕷሙ⤒῭࡟ᚎࠎ࡟⛣⾜ࡋ
ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࡞ࡿ࡭ࡃᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿつไ࣭ᖸ΅ࢆῶࡽࡋ࡚ࠊᕷሙࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࣮ࣞࢺ
ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺௙ྥࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᫖ᖺ௨᮶ࠊேẸඖࡢࢻࣝ᥮⟬࣮ࣞࢺࡣⱝᖸኚືࡀ࠶
ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ኱⤫㡿ೃ⿵⪅࠿ࡽᵝࠎ࡞ゝ࠸᪉ࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊேẸඖࢆᑐࢻࣝ
ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊୡ⏺ࡢ୺せ㏻㈌ࡢࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࡜ࡢẚ㍑࡛ぢࢀࡤࠊഹ࠿࡞ࡀࡽୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
୰ᅜࡣேẸඖࢆព㆑ⓗ࡟ษࡾୗࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᨻ⟇┠ᶆ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋᮤඞᙉ⥲⌮ࡣ IMF ࣛ
࢞ࣝࢻ⥲⿢࡜ࡢ௒ᖺ 1 ᭶ࡢ㟁ヰ఍ㄯ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊேẸඖࡢ࣮ࣞࢺᙧᡂ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢᨵ㠉ࡢ
୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ᕷሙ࡜ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ୍ᒙᙉ໬ࡋࠊୡ⏺⤒῭࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࣉࣛࢫ࡟࡞ࡿࢩ
ࢢࢼࣝࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆฟࡍࡼ࠺࡟ດࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ヰࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
಴ෆ㸸 ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋḟ࡟ࠊྖ✵⌮஦㛗࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࠊࡉࡁ࡯࡝ G20 ࡢᙧ
㧁໬࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ゐࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࡽ G20 ࡢᐇຠᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡽࢀ
ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࢀ࡟⤡ࡳࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡓࡲࡓࡲ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࠊ௒ᖺࡣ᪥ᮏࡣ G7 ࡢ㆟㛗ᅜࠊ୰
ᅜࡣ G20 ࡢ㆟㛗ᅜࠊྖ✵⌮஦㛗ࡣ 2010 ᖺ࡟ࢯ࢘ࣝ㛤ദࡢ G20 ࡢ୰ᚰே≀࡜ࡋ࡚ά㌍ࡉࢀ
࡚ᡂᯝࢆᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᙺ⪅ࡀᥞࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠊྖ✵⌮஦㛗ࡉࢇ࡟ࡣࠊ
᪥ᮏ࡜୰ᅜࡀࡓࡲࡓࡲ㆟㛗ᅜ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞༠ຊ㛵ಀ࡛ຠᯝࢆୖࡆࡓࡽࡼ࠸࠿
࡜ࠊࡇࡢ㎶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡈ㉁ၥࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ྖ✵㸸 ⚾ࡣ 2008 ᖺ 11 ᭶࡟⡿ᅜࡢ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ DC ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡓ➨ 1 ᅇ G20 㤳⬻఍㆟࡟኱
⤫㡿ࡢ≉ู⤒῭࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢨ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ཧຍࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊG20 ࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢṌࡳ࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
35
௒᪥ࡢ G20 ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡣࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆⓎ᥹ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᅜࡀ≉࡟↓࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ౛
࠼ࡤ G7 ࡢሙྜࠊ7 ࢝ᅜࡋ࠿࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࠿ࡽࠊヰࡋྜ࠸ࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ 20 ࢝ᅜࡶ࠶ࡿ
࡜ࠊᐇ࡟ከᵝ࡞ពぢࡸぢゎࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࢆᚓࡿࡢࡀ኱ኚ࡛ࡍࠋㄪᩚసᴗ࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡣࠊG20 ㅖᅜࡢ୰࠿ࡽ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ᙺࢆ௵ࡉࢀࡓᅜࡀ⌧ࢀ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊ≉࡟㆟㛗ᅜ࡜ࠕࢺࣟ
࢖࢝ࠖࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ኚ࡞ᛮ࠸ࢆࡋࡲࡍࠋࠕࢺࣟ࢖࢝ࠖ࡜ࡣࠊ๓㆟㛗ᅜࠊ⌧㆟㛗ᅜࠊḟࡢ㆟㛗ᅜ
ࡢ༠ാయไ࡛ࠊྜពࡉࢀࡓ࢔ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲࢆసᡂࡋࡲࡍࠋ༢࡟࢔ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲࢆ⏝ពࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡃࠊG20 㤳⬻ࡀࡑࡢၥ㢟࡟ࢥ࣑ࢵࢺ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࢆᚓ࡚࠾ࡃࡓࡵࠊ኱ኚ࡞ດ
ຊࢆせࡋࡲࡍࠋ
⚾ࡢಶேⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࢆ࠾ヰࡋࡉࡏ࡚ୗࡉ࠸ࠋ⚾ࡢ㉸኱ᅜ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㡑ᅜࡢฟ㌟࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㡑ᅜ
࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᨻᗓ࡟ᙉ࠸ࢥ࣑ࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊᙉຊ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆⓎ᥹ࡋᚓࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ
ࢯ࢘ࣝ G20 ࡢ㛤ദ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊ኱⤫㡿ࡢ≉౑࡜ࡋ࡚ఱᗘࡶ᪥ᮏࢆゼၥࡋ࡚ᙜ᫬ࡢ㯞⏕⥲⌮ࠊ
୰㖟⥲⿢ࠊ㈈ົ኱⮧࡟఍࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣࠊᙜ᫬ࡢ㈈ົ๪኱⮧࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⋤ᒱᒣẶࡀ G20
ࡢ㈐௵⪅࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⡿ᅜࡢ࣍࣡࢖ࢺࣁ࢘ࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ㛗ᖺࡢ▱ࡾྜ࠸࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣟࣞࣥࢫ࣭ࢧ࣐࣮
ࢬẶ࡟ࡶ఍࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡣ‽ഛ࡟࠿ࡅࡓ 1 ᖺ㛫࡟ࠊᙼ࡟ 6 ᅇ఍࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࢧࣝࢥࢪ௖኱⤫
㡿㸦ᙜ᫬㸧ࡢࢺࢵࣉ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢨ࣮࡛ G20 㐠Ⴀࡢ㈐௵⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢪࣕࣥࢲࣅࢵࢻ࣭ࣞࣅࢵࢺ
Ặࠊࣈࣛ࢘ࣥⱥ㤳┦㸦ᙜ᫬㸧ࡀ㔜⏝ࡋࡓࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢡࣥࣜࣇẶ࡜ࡶ⥭ᐦ࡟㐃ᦠࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᡃࠎ
ࡣ㟁ヰ࡛ヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆ㔜ࡡࠊ᫬࡟ࡣ 1 ᫬㛫࡟࠾ࡼࡪࢸࣞࣅ఍㆟ࡶ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
≉࡟ⱝ࠸ୡ௦࡟ఏ࠼ࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣಶே࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ┦஫ಙ㢗
ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡜࡚ࡶ኱ษ࡛ࡍࠋ௚ᅜࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮㐩࡜ヰࡍ࡜ࡁࡣࠊಙ㢗ࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓ⮬ศ
ࡢㄔᐇࡉࡸᑓ㛛⬟ຊࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛┦ᡭࡀ㔜せ࡞
᝟ሗࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࡉ࡯࡝㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ┦ᡭࡀࠊྠࡌᚿࡢ G20
ࢩ࢙ࣝࣃࡸ኱⮧࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ㟁Ꮚ࣓࣮ࣝࢆ㓄ᕸࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࡟ຍ࠼ࡓ࠸஦㡯ࢆఏ
࠼ࢀࡤࠊఱே࠿ࡀࠕ஢ゎࠊ࠸࠸⪃࠼ࡔࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡲࡍࠋḟ࡟ࠊࡑࡢ㈶ྠࡋࡓே㐩ࡢྡ๓ࢆ
௜グࡋ࡚෌ࡧ E ࣓࣮ࣝࢆ㓄ᕸࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲࡀฟ᮶ୖࡀࡾࡲࡍࠋከࡃࡢேࡣࡇࢀࡀ୙
ྍ⬟࡜ゝ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᐇ⌧ྍ⬟࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ
G20 ࡛࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿᅜࡀ࠸࡞࠸୰ࠊ⚾ࡣࠊ㆟㛗ᅜ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ୰ᅜࡀࠊせồࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࡢࢆぢࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ G20 ࡣ୰ᅜ࡟ఱࡽ࠿ࡢస⏝ࢆ㉳
ࡇࡍ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ11 ᭶ࡲ࡛⣙ 9 ࢝᭶࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡗ࠿ࡾὀຊࡍࢀࡤࠊ௒ᗘࡢ G20 ࡛ࡣከࡃࡢ
ᡂᯝࡀୖࡀࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
಴ෆ㸸 ᫝㠀࡜ࡶ࡛ࡍࡡࠊ⛬኱౑࡟ࡣ࠸ࡲࡢヰࢆ໭ிᨻᗓ࡟ఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࠊ࠺ࡲࡃ G20 ࡀᅇ
ࡗ࡚ࠊᮏᙜ࡟࠸ࡲୡ⏺୰࡛ᖺึ௨᮶ࡢ⤒῭ࡢΰ஘ࢆ༴᝹ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜ࡟࣮ࣜࢲ
࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࠊ࠺ࡲࡃ G20 ࡢ௓ᅾࢆ㐍ࡵࡤ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ
36
ࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
᭱ᚋ࡟⾜ኳࡢ᪉࡟஧ࡘࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡦ࡜ࡘࡣࠊADB ࡢ๰❧࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢࡦ࡜ࡾ࡜ࡋ࡚ AIIB
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡝࠺⪃࠼ࡲࡍ࠿ࠋఱ࠿㐠Ⴀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺㉁ၥ࡛ࡈࡊ
࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡣࠊ㔠⼥ࡢᅜ㝿༠ㄪ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ2016 ᖺࡣேẸඖࡢ SDR ධࡾࠊࢻ
ࣝࡢ฼ୖࡆࠊ෇ࡸ࣮ࣘࣟࡢ࣐࢖ࢼࢫ㔠฼࡜࠸࠺୙㏱᫂せ⣲࡛⁄ࢀ࠿࠼ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠸ࡲࡇ
ࡑࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ G7 ࡟୰ᅜࢆຍ࠼࡚ࠊ➨஧ࡢࣉࣛࢨྜពࡀᚲせ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋࡲࡓࡑࡇ
࡛ఱࢆྜពࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡈ㉁ၥ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
⾜ኳ㸸 AIIB ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡉ࡟ඛ࡯࡝⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୰ᅜࡀ⌧ᅾࡢຊࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟
ࡋ࡚ࠊ㔠⼥ࠊ⤒῭ࡢୡ⏺࡛ࠊ⮬ศࡢ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢳࣈ࡛ࠊ⮬ศࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡛ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ᅜ
㝿ᶵ㛵ࢆసࡗ࡚㐠Ⴀࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜࠸࠺㠀ᖖ࡟᫂☜࡞ពᚿࡢ⾲᫂ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ
ࡑ࠺࠸࠺᪂ࡋ࠸⤒῭యไ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆࠊ௒ࡲ࡛ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢྛᅜࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢᅜࡶ
ㄆࡵ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ཧຍࡋࡼ࠺࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࠊ⚾ࡣ AIIB ࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆ୰
ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ㏵ୖᅜࡢ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡢ୙㊊ࢆ඘㊊ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱஦
࡞ࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡀࡑࢀ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡣᨻᗓࡀỴࡵࡿヰ
࡛ࠊ⚾ࡀ࡜ࡸ࠿ࡃゝ࠺ヰ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡓࡔၥ㢟ࡣࡇࡢ AIIB ࡢヰ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ
ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ୡ⏺ࡢຊ㛵ಀࢆ㇟ᚩࡍࡿࡦ࡜ࡘࡢฟ᮶஦࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࢀࢆㄆ▱ࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺
࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ヰࡀࡲࡎ๓ᥦ࡟࠶ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢⅬࢆ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡀ࡝࠺ホ౯ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊ
࡝࠺ุ᩿ࡍࡿ࠿ḟ➨ࡢヰࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࣉࣛࢨྜពࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ㝿఍㆟ࢆ௒ᣢࡘᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺࠾ヰ࡛
ࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⋡┤࡟ゝࡗ࡚ࠊ௒ࡢ᝟ໃࡣ୍యఱࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᅜ㝿
ⓗ࡞ពぢࡢ୍⮴ࡀ඲ࡃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ㏻㈌ࡢၥ㢟࡛ඹ㏻ࡢヰ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡜ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ
࠿ࡘ࡚ࡢࣉࣛࢨྜពࡢ᫬ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࢻࣝࡀ㐣኱ホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᅜ㝿
ⓗ࡞ྜពࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ࡝࠺࡟࠿ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡟
࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊᙜ᫬ࡢ୍␒ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ┦ᡭഃ࡛㯮Ꮠࡶ኱ࡁࡃࠊ࠿ࡘᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽゝࡗ࡚ࡶ
๭Ᏻ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ෇ࢆษࡾୖࡆࡿ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊఱ࠿ពぢࡢ୙୍
⮴ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
᪥ᮏࡣࣉࣛࢨྜព࡛ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡞ཧຍ⪅࡛ࠊᙜ᫬෇ࡀษࡾୖࡀࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ⌧≧
࡛ࠊ୍యఱࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡢࡔ࡜ࠊㄡࡶศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋࢻࣝࡀ௒㠀ᖖ࡟㧗
ࡃホ౯ࡉࢀ㐣ࡂ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡔ࠿ࡽࡳࢇ࡞࡛༠ຊࡋ࡚ࢻࣝࢆษࡾୗࡆࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡘࡲ
ࡾ⮬ศࡢ㏻㈌ࢆษࡾୖࡆࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ࡛ࡣㄡࡀࡑࡢᙺ๭ࢆᘬࡁཷࡅࡿࡢࡔ࡜ゝ
࠼ࡤࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ௒ࡢᅜ㝿཰ᨭࡢ≧ἣࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣୡ⏺ࡢᅜ㝿཰ᨭࡢ≧ἣ࠿ࡽゝࡗ࡚ࠊ࠿ࡘ
࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞኱ࡁ࡞㯮Ꮠᅜࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ᪥ᮏࡔࡗ࡚௒ࡣ㈠᫆཰ᨭࡣ㉥Ꮠ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ
37
࠿ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏ෇ࢆษࡾୖࡆࡿ࡞ࢇ࡚࡜ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡋࠊேẸඖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ
ඛ࡯࡝⛬኱౑࠿ࡽ࠾ヰࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ㏻㈌ࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟ඹ㏻ࡋࡓヰ
㢟࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊᠱ᱌ࡣ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࠊᐇࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊᡂ㛗ࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊㄡࡶࡀᡂ㛗ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࡛ࡣ࡝
࠺࠸࠺᪉ἲ࡛ࡸࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡳࢇ࡞ᅜෆ࡛ࡲࡎࡣ㔠⼥ᨻ⟇࡛ࡶࡗ࡚ᡂ㛗ࢆ
่⃭ࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣពぢࡀ୍⮴ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠿ࡘ඲ဨࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ❧ሙ࡛࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ඲㒊
ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ௒ࡉࡽ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡸࡑࡢ௚ࡢ୺せᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㔠⼥ᨻ⟇ࡢ
᪉ྥࢆኚ࠼ࢁ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡶࠊㄡࡶࡑࡢᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡣ࠸࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࡽࠋ⚾
ࡣ⌧≧࡛ࡣࡳࢇ࡞ࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚Ⅽ᭰┦ሙ࡜࠿㔠⼥ᨻ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࢆࡋ࡚ࠊఱ࠿ࢆ⤖ㄽ࡜ࡋ
࡚ฟࡍ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣ࡟ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊᙜ㠃ࠊࣉࣛࢨ఍㆟ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ
ࡸࡿᚲせࡶ࡞࠸ࡋࠊ⎔ቃ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
಴ෆ㸸 ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㠀ᖖ࡟ୡࡢ୰ࡀΰ࡜ࢇ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢドᕥ࠿࡞࡜ཷࡅ
Ṇࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊఱࡀၥ㢟࠿࡜࠸࠺ඹ㏻ㄆ㆑ࢆࡲࡎᣢࡗ࡚ゎỴࡢ⣒ཱྀࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚࠸࠿࡞
ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡔࡲࡔ㉁ၥࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ᫬㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛⏦ࡋヂ
࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀ࡛㉁␲ᛂ⟅ࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ⤊஢ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶
ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
㸦ᢿᡭ㸧
38
ᙜ㈨ᩱࡣ᝟ሗᥦ౪ࡢࡳࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚సᡂࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢ⾜ືࢆ່ㄏࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏ
ࢇࠋࡈ฼⏝࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡍ࡭࡚ᚚᐈᵝᚚ⮬㌟࡛ࡈุ᩿ୗࡉ࠸ࡲࡍࡼ࠺ࠊᐅࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋᙜ
㈨ᩱࡣಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ᝟ሗ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚సᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢṇ☜ᛶࢆಖドࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾ
ࡲࡏࢇࠋෆᐜࡣண࿌࡞ࡋ࡟ኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊணࡵࡈ஢ᢎୗࡉ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊᙜ㈨ᩱࡣⴭస≀࡛
࠶ࡾࠊⴭసᶒἲ࡟ࡼࡾಖㆤࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ඲ᩥࡲࡓࡣ୍㒊ࢆ㌿㍕ࡍࡿሙྜࡣฟᡤࢆ᫂グࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ
This report is intended only for information purposes and shall not be construed as
solicitation to take any action such as purchasing/selling/investing financial market
products. In taking any action, each reader is requested to act on the basis of his or her own
judgment. This report is based on information believed to be reliable, but we do not
guarantee its accuracy. The contents of the report may be revised without advance notice.
Also, this report is a literary work protected by the copyright act. No part of this report may
be reproduced in any form without express statement of its source.
Copyright 2016 Institute for International Monetary Affairs㸦IIMA㸧㸦බ┈㈈ᅋἲே ᅜ㝿㏻㈌◊✲ᡤ㸧 All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations embodied in articles and reviews, no part of this publication may be
reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopy, without permission from the Institute for International
Monetary Affairs.
Address: 3-2, Nihombashi Hongokucho 1-Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0021, Japan
Telephone: 81-3-3245-6934, Facsimile: 81-3-3231-5422
ࠛ103-0021 ᮾி㒔୰ኸ༊᪥ᮏᶫᮏ▼⏫ 1-3-2
㟁ヰ㸸03-3245-6934㸦௦㸧ࣇ࢓ࢵࢡࢫ㸸03-3231-5422
e-mail: [email protected]
URL: http://www.iima.or.jp
公益財団法人 国際通貨研究所
〒103-0021
東京都中央区日本橋本石町 1-3-2 三菱東京 UFJ 銀行日本橋別館 12 階
Tel: 03-3245-6934
Fax: 03-3231-5422
e-mail: [email protected]
URL: http://www.iima.or.jp
Institute for International Monetary Affairs
12F The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. Nihombashi Annex,
3-2 Nihombashi Hongokucho 1-Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0021, Japan
Tel: 03-3245-6934 Fax: 03-3231-5422
e-mail: [email protected]
URL: http://www.iima.or.jp
Fly UP