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21 ルワンダ東部農村地域における妊娠可能年齢女性の栄養状態と食物

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21 ルワンダ東部農村地域における妊娠可能年齢女性の栄養状態と食物
ࣝ࣡ࣥࢲᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿዷፎྍ⬟ᖺ㱋ዪᛶࡢᰤ㣴≧ែ࡜㣗≀࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ
Nutritional Status and Food Access among Female Villagers of Reproductive Age
in the Eastern Rwanda
ே㛫ᩥ໬๰ᡂ⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉
ࣛ࢖ࣇࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫᑓᨷ M1 ᰗἑ࠶ࡺࡳ
1. せ⣙
㸦࿴ᩥ㸧
࢔ࣇࣜ࢝඲ᅵࡀᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㣗⣊୙㊊࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿపᰤ㣴ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ఏ⤫ⓗ࡟
⏨ᛶඃ఩࡞♫఍࡛࠶ࡿ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ㅖᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕ㈋ᅔࡢዪᛶ໬㸦feminization of poverty㸧ࠖ
ࡢゝⴥࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㈋ᅔேཱྀࡢ 3 ศࡢ 2 ࡣዪᛶ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㈋ᅔ࡜ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮᱁ᕪ࡟ⱞ
ࡋࡴዪᛶࡀከࡃᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ
ࣝ࣡ࣥࢲඹ࿴ᅜࡣࠊ1994 ᖺࡢẸ᪘㛫ࡢ኱⹢ẅ௨᮶ࠊ┠ぬࡲࡋ࠸⤒῭Ⓨᒎࢆ㐙ࡆࡿ࡜ྠ᫬
࡟ࠊᅜᐙᨻ⟇࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮୺ὶ໬㸦ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ᖹ➼ࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭẁ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡽ
ࡺࡿᨻ⟇࡟ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢどⅬࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇ࡜㸧ࡀ┠ぬࡲࡋ࠸ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ
࠸ࡲࡔ㎰ᮧ㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡁࢀ࠸࡞Ỉࡸᰤ㣴ࡢ࠶ࡿ㣗≀࡞࡝⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃ࠺࠼࡛ᚲせ࡞᭱ప
㝈ࡢ≀㈨ࡶ୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶ࡬ࡢᛶᕪูࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊ2014 ᖺ 8 ᭶࡟ࣝ࣡ࣥࢲᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ18㸫49 ṓࡢᡂே⏨ዪࢆᑐ㇟
࡟ࠊ㌟య ᐃ࡜㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸ࠊྠᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿዷፎྍ⬟࡞ᖺ㱋ࡢዪᛶࡢᰤ㣴≧
ែ࡜㣗≀࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ
㌟య ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ BMI18.5 ᮍ‶࡛࠶ࡿ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅ࡸ BMI30.0 ௨ୖࡢ⫧‶
⪅ࡢ๭ྜࡣ⏨ዪ࡜ࡶ࡟ᑡ࡞ࡃࠊ㛗ᮇᰤ㣴≧ែ࡟࠾࠸࡚⏨ዪ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㣗≀ᦤ
ྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊㄪᰝ⚊࡟グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 18 ရ┠ࡢ㣗஦ࡸᩱ⌮ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊSorghum alcoholࠊ
Avocado ࠊ Soup/Sauce with beans ࡢ 3 ရ ┠ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ᦤ ྲྀ 㢖 ᗘ ࡟ ⏨ ዪ 㛫 ࡛ ᭷ ព ᕪ ࡀ ฟ ࡓ
㸦p<0.05㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽ 3 㣗ရࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡢ㐪࠸ࡀࠊ⏨ዪࡢᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞ࡢᕪ␗࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿせᅉࡢ୍ࡘ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ௚ࡢせᅉࡶᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㸦ⱥᩥ㸧
Undernutrition is a problem in Africa, and it is caused by an insufficient food source. There is
also the feminization of poverty in male-oriented societies of African countries, where two-thirds
of impoverished individuals are females, and women also suffer from gender discrimination.
The Republic of Rwanda has accomplished significant economic development since the 1994
genocide, and gender mainstreaming, which was a means for achieving gender equality, has been a
remarkable feat in their national policies. However, basic supplies such as clean water and
nutritious foods are lacking in the rural regions of Rwanda, and it is thought that gender
discrimination against women still exists.
A survey—the body measurement and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)—was administered to
adult men and women aged 18–49 years to determine the nutritional status and accessibility to
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food among female villagers of childbearing age in the eastern region of Rwanda.
The results of the body measurements showed that there were very few men and women with
chronic energy deficiency (body mass index [BMI] < 18.5) or who were obese (BMI • 30.0). No
significant differences were observed between men and women in long-term nutritional condition.
As for the consumption frequencies of three items listed in the FFQ, which included sorghum
alcohol, avocados, and soup/sauce with beans, there were significant differences between men and
women (p<0.05). The difference in intake frequency of these three items may influence the
differences in the nutritional intake of men and women, but there may be other factors that affect
gender difference in nutritional intakes.
2. ⌧ᆅㄪᰝᮇ㛫㸸2014 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 18 ᪥㹼8 ᭶ 31 ᪥
3. ㄪᰝ⫼ᬒ
࢔ࣇࣜ࢝඲ᅵࡀᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㣗ᩱ୙㊊࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿపᰤ㣴ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠿࡛ࡶࠊዷ
ፎࡀྍ⬟࡞ᖺ㱋ࡢ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ேዪᛶ࡟༨ࡵࡿ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅㸦BMI18.5 ᮍ‶㸧ࡢ๭ྜ
ࡣ 2008 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ 10㸣ࢆ㉸࠼㸦Robert et al [2013]㸧ࠊዷፎ๓࠿ࡽࡢᰤ㣴≧ែࡢᝏ
ࡉࡀࠊዷ⏘፬ṚஸࡸஙᗂඣṚஸࡢ༴㝤ᅉᏊ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢせᅉࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊఏ⤫ⓗ
࡟⏨ᛶඃ఩࡞♫఍࡛࠶ࡿ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ㅖᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊዪᛶࡀ㣗≀࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚୙฼࡞
❧ሙ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࣝ࣡ࣥࢲඹ࿴ᅜ㸦௨ୗࠊࣝ࣡ࣥࢲ㸧ࡣࠊ1994 ᖺ࡟㉳ࡁࡓ኱⹢ẅࡼࡾࠊ
ࠕ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ࡢወ㊧ࠖ
࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ᚟⯆ࢆ㐙ࡆࡓᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕᖹ࿴ᵓ⠏ࠖ࡬ࡢດຊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ࡢᖹᆒࢆ
ࡸࡸୗᅇࡿ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛⤒῭Ỉ‽ࡀᅇ᚟ࡋࡓࠋዪᛶᅜ఍㆟ဨࡢ๭ྜࡀୡ⏺୍ࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࠊ
ᅜᐙᨻ⟇࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮୺ὶ໬ࡀ┠ぬࡲࡋ࠸ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࠸ࡲࡔ♫఍࣭⤒῭Ⓨ
ᒎࡢᜠᜨࢆཷࡅ࡟ࡃ࠸㎰ᮧ㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡁࢀ࠸࡞Ỉࡸᰤ㣴ࡢ࠶ࡿ㣗≀ࠊㄪ⌮ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⸄
࡞࡝ࠊ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃ࠺࠼࡛ᚲせ࡞᭱ప㝈ࡢ≀㈨ࡶ୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶ࡬ࡢᛶ
ᕪูࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ᮏㄪ ᰝࡣ ࣝ࣡ࣥ ࢲᮾ 㒊㎰ᮧ ᆅᇦ ࡟࠾ࡅ ࡿ༙ ᐃ㔞ⓗ 㣗≀ ᦤྲྀ㢖 ᗘㄪ ᰝ⚊㸦food frequency
questionnaire: FFQ㸧ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜ࡑࡢホ౯ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ 2013 ᖺ 3 ᭶࠿ࡽጞࡲࡗࡓ◊✲ࡢ୍⎔ࢆᢸ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2013 ᖺ 3 ᭶࡜ 8 ᭶ཬࡧ 2014 ᖺ 3 ᭶ࠊㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ 1 ᪥㛫ࡢ௚グᘧ⛗
㔞グ㘓ἲ࡟ࡼࡿ㣗஦ㄪᰝࢆᙜ◊✲ᐊࡢ࢝ࣂ࢚ࣜࣟ➼ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᇶ࡟ࠊᩱ
⌮ࡸ㣗ရࡢᛶ࣭ᖺ㱋㝵⣭ู㸯ᅇ࠶ࡓࡾࡢᖹᆒᦤྲྀ㔞㸦࣏࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢧ࢖ࢬ㸧࡜ࡑࡇ࡟ྵࡲࢀ
ࡿᰤ㣴⣲➼ྵ᭷㔞ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࠊ༙ᐃ㔞ⓗ FFQ ࢆᙜ◊✲ᐊࡢ⥙㇂➼ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋ
௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝࡣࠊࡇࡢ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ FFQ ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿึࡵ࡚ࡢ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᡂே⏨ዪ
㸦18㸫49 ṓ㸧57 ྡࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊᩱ⌮ࡸ㣗ရࡢ⩦័ⓗ࡞ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࢆ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾㄪᰝࡋࠊ㣗≀࡬
ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ
4. ㄪᰝ┠ⓗ
ዪᛶ⮬㌟ࡢ೺ᗣ࡜ḟୡ௦ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࠊ18㸫49 ṓࡢዷፎྍ⬟࡞ᖺ㱋ࡢ
ዪᛶࢆㄪᰝᑐ㇟㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋࠊྠᖺ௦ࡢ⏨ᛶ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊࣝ࣡ࣥࢲᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦ࡟
࠾ࡅࡿዷፎྍ⬟࡞ᖺ㱋ࡢዪᛶࡢᰤ㣴≧ែ࡜㣗≀࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
22
22
ࡲࡓࠊ㏻ᖖࠊዷፎྍ⬟࡞ᖺ㱋ࡣ 15㸫49 ṓ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞ࡢホ౯ࢆࡍ
ࡿ㝿࡟ࠊᡂே㸦18 ṓ௨ୖ㸧ࡢ㣗஦ᦤྲྀᇶ‽ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ 18㸫49 ṓ࡜
ࡋࡓࠋ
5. ㄪᰝ᪉ἲ
㤳㒔࢟࢞ࣜ࠿ࡽ⣙ 65km ᮾ㒊࡟࠶ࡿ Kayonza District ࡢ Mwiri ᆅ༊ 12 ୡᖏ࡜ Rukara ᆅ༊
19 ୡᖏࢆㄪᰝୡᖏ࡜ࡋࠊୡᖏ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ 18㸫49 ṓࡢᡂே⏨ᛶ 19 ேࠊᡂேዪᛶ 38 ேࠊྜ
ィ 57 ேࢆㄪᰝᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ㸦⾲ 1㸧ࠋࡇࡢ 2 ᆅᇦࡣ World Vision Rwanda㸦௨ୗࠊWVR㸧
࡟ࡼࡾࠊேཱྀつᶍࠊ♫఍⤒῭ࣞ࣋ࣝࠊẼೃ㢼ᅵࡀྠ⛬ᗘࡔ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2 ᆅᇦ࡟࠾
ࡅࡿேཱྀࡣࠊMwiri ᆅ༊ࡣ⣙ 26,000 ேࠊRukara ᆅ༊ࡣ⣙ 23,000 ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊㄪᰝୡ
ᖏࡣ WVR ࡟㑅ᐃࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓᚋࠊㄪᰝ༠ຊࡢᢎㅙࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓᐙᗞ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᡤᚓ
Ỉ‽ࠊ⫋ᴗࠊᩍ⫱Ỉ‽࡞࡝ࡢ♫఍⤒῭ⓗ࡞≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⪃៖ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ᖺ㱋㝵⣭
㻝㻤䠉㻝㻥ṓ
㻞㻜䠉㻞㻥ṓ
㻟㻜䠉㻟㻥ṓ
㻠㻜䠉㻠㻥ṓ
ྜィ
⏨ᛶ
㻹㼣㼕㼞㼕
㻔㻝㻞ୡᖏ㻕
㻝
㻜
㻡
㻟
㻥
㻾㼡㼗㼍㼞㼍
㻔㻝㻥ୡᖏ㻕
㻝
㻟
㻠
㻞
㻝㻜
ィ
㻔㻟㻝ୡᖏ㻕
㻞
㻟
㻥
㻡
㻝㻥
㻾㼡㼗㼍㼞㼍
㻔㻝㻥ୡᖏ㻕
㻠
㻤
㻢
㻢
㻞㻠
ዪᛶ
㻹㼣㼕㼞㼕
㻔㻝㻞ୡᖏ㻕
㻝
㻠
㻣
㻞
㻝㻠
ィ
㻔㻟㻝ୡᖏ㻕
㻡
㻝㻞
㻝㻟
㻤
㻟㻤
࠙⾲ 1ࠚᛶ࣭ᖺ㱋㝵⣭ูᑐ㇟⪅ᩘ
ㄪᰝෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(1) ㌟యィ ᣢཧࡋࡓィ ჾ࡟ࡼࡾࠊㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡢ㌟㛗࡜య㔜ࢆᐇ ࡋࡓࠋ㌟㛗࡜య㔜࠿ࡽ BMI ࢆ⟬
ฟࡋࠊBMI18.5 ᮍ‶ࠊBMI18.5 ௨ୖ 30.0 ᮍ‶ࠊBMI30.0 ௨ୖࡢ 3 ⩌࡟ศࡅࠊୡ⏺ಖ೺ᶵ
㛵࡛ᐃࡵࡓ⫧‶ุᐃᇶ‽್࡟࡞ࡽ࠸ BMI18.5 ᮍ‶ࢆ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ḞஈࠊBMI30.0 ௨ୖࢆ
⫧‶࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋࠊ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅࡜⫧‶⪅ࡢ๭ྜࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓᚋࠊࡑࡢ๭ྜࢆ⏨ዪ㛫࡛
ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ
(2) 18 ရ┠ࡢ㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ
㣗≀࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡣࠊ㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘ࡟ࡼࡾホ౯ࡋࡓࠋㄪᰝᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㐣ཤ࡟ 3 ᅇᐇ
᪋ࡋࡓ㣗஦ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㑅ᐃࡋࡓ㣗ရࡸᩱ⌮ࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࢆࠊ㏻ヂࢆ௓ࡋࡓ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾ
ㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᢕᥱࡋࡓࠋ㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ⚊㸦㈨ᩱῧ௜㸧ࡣ 5 ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࠊ18
ရ┠ࡢ㣗ရࡸᩱ⌮ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄪᰝᆅᇦࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞㣗஦࡜ࡋ࡚㢖⦾࡟㣗ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ
ࡢ 11 ရ┠ 1 㸦Porridge㸦2 ✀㸧ࠊAgatogo㸦2 ✀㸧ࠊSoup/Sauce㸦3 ✀㸧ࠊBoiled banana/potatoࠊ
1
Porridge ࡣࢺ࢘ࣔࣟࢥࢩ⢊࡞࡝ࢆ࠾‫ࠊࡺ࠿࠾ࡓ࠸⁐࡛‮‬Agatogo ࡣ㟷ࣂࢼࢼࡸⰞࠊ㔝⳯ࢆ
୍⥴࡟↻㎸ࢇࡔ↻≀ࠊUbugari ࡣ࢟ࣕࢵࢧࣂ⢊ࢆỈ࡜↻㎸ࡳࠊ㣰≧࡟࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡇࡡࡓࡶࡢࠊ
Umutsima ࡣࢺ࢘ࣔࣟࢥࢩ⢊ࢆ Ubugari ྠᵝࠊỈ࡜↻㎸ࡳ㣰≧࡟࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡇࡡࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
23
23
RiceࠊUbugariࠊUmutsima㸧ࡸࠊႚ㣗㢖ᗘࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢᰤ㣴౯ࡀ㧗ࡃࠊᦤྲྀࡀ᥎ዡࡉࢀࡿ
ࡶࡢ 2 ရ┠㸦EggࠊMilk㸧ࠊ⌧㔠࡛㉎ධࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⤒῭≧ែ࡟ࡼࡾᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘ࡟ᕪ
ࡀ࡛ࡸࡍ࠸ࡶࡢ 2 ရ┠ 2 㸦MandaziࠊCommercial beverage㸧ࠊ♫఍࣭ᩥ໬ⓗ࡞㢼⩦࡟ࡼࡾ⏨
ዪ㛫࡛ᕪࡀ࡛ࡸࡍ࠸ࡶࡢ 1 ရ┠ 3㸦Sorghum alcohol㸧ࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᦤྲྀ࡟୺࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡶࡢ
2 ရ┠㸦Sweet bananaࠊAvocado㸧ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㣗ရࡸᩱ⌮ࡢ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞㢖ᗘࢆࠕ1
᪥࡟ 3 ᅇ௨ୖ㣗࡭ࡿࠖ࠿ࡽࠕࡲࡗࡓࡃ㣗࡭࡞࠸ࠖࡲ࡛ࡢ 9 ẁ㝵࡛ᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ
ㄪᰝᚋࠊᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡢศᕸࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ9 ࡘࡢ㢖ᗘ࢝ࢸࢦࣜࡢ࠺ࡕࠕ1 ᪥࡟ 3 ᅇ௨ୖ
㣗࡭ࡿࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ1 㐌㛫࡟ 1 ᅇ㣗࡭ࡿࠖࡲ࡛ࢆࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖ࡜ࡋࠊࠕ1 ࠿᭶࡟ 2㸫3 ᅇ㣗࡭ࡿࠖ
࠿ࡽࠕࡲࡗࡓࡃ㣗࡭࡞࠸ࠖࡲ࡛ࢆࠕᑡ࡞࠸⩌ࠖࡢ 2 ⩌࡜ࡋࠊࡑࡢ๭ྜࢆ⏨ዪ㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ
࡯࠿ࠊᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࢆ 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾࡢᦤྲྀᅇᩘ࡟᥮⟬ࡋ㸦⾲ 2㸧ࠊ⏨ዪ㛫࡛ᦤྲྀᅇᩘࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘ࡟ 18 ရ┠ࡢྛ㣗ရࡸᩱ⌮ࡢ⏨ዪู 1 ᅇ࠶ࡓࡾࡢᖹᆒᦤྲྀ㔞㸦࣏࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥࢧ࢖ࢬ㸧୰ࡢᰤ㣴⣲➼ྵ᭷㔞ࢆ஌ࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⩦័ⓗ࡞ᦤྲྀ㔞ࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸦࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭
ࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁࣭࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࣭࢘㕲࣭ࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ㸿㸧ࠊࡑࢀࢆୡ⏺ಖ೺ᶵ㛵㸦௨ୗࠊWHO㸧ཬࡧᅜ
㐃㣗⣊㎰ᴗᶵ㛵㸦௨ୗࠊFAO㸧ࠊᅜ㝿㐃ྜ኱Ꮫ㸦௨ୗࠊUNU㸧ࡀⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᚲせ㔞㸦ࡓ
ࢇࡥࡃ㉁࣭࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࣭࢘ࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ㸿㸧࡜⡿ᅜ་Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㸦௨ୗࠊIOM㸧ࡀⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᚲ
せ㔞㸦㕲㸧࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ㸦WHO/FAO/UNU[2007]ࠊFAO/WHO[2001]ࠊIOM[2001]㸧ࠋ
㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ䛻䛚䛡䜛
᪥ᖖⓗ䛺ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘ䛾䜹䝔䝂䝸
ィ㻌⟬㻌ᘧ
䠄ᦤྲྀᅇᩘ㾂᪥ᩘ䠅
㻟㻌㾂㻌㻝㻌䠙㻌㻟
㻞㻌㾂㻌㻝㻌䠙㻌㻞
㻝㻌㾂㻌㻝㻌䠙㻌㻝
䚷㻡㻚㻡㻌㾂㻌㻣㻌䠙㻌㻜㻚㻣㻤
䚷䚷㻟㻌㾂㻌㻣㻌䠙㻌㻜㻚㻠㻞
䚷䚷㻝㻌㾂㻌㻣㻌䠙㻌㻜㻚㻝㻠
䚷㻞㻚㻡㻌㾂㻌㻟㻜㻌䠙㻌㻜㻚㻜㻤㻟
䚷䚷㻝㻌㾂㻌㻟㻜㻌䠙㻌㻜㻚㻜㻟㻟
㻌䚷䚷䚷㻌㻹㼛㼞㼑㻌㼠㼔㼍㼚㻌㻟㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㼟㻌㻛㻌㼐㼍㼥
㻞㻌㻔㼠㼣㼕㼏㼑㻕㻌㻛㻌㼐㼍㼥
㻝㻌㻔㼛㼚㼏㼑㻕㻌㻛㻌㼐㼍㼥
㻡㻙㻢㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㼟㻌㻛㻌㼣㼑㼑㼗
㻞㻙㻠㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㼟㻌㻛㻌㼣㼑㼑㼗
㻌㻝㻌㻔㼛㼚㼏㼑㻕㻌㻛㻌㼣㼑㼑㼗
㻌㻞㻙㻟㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㼟㻌㻛㻌㼙㼛㼚㼠㼔
㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻝㻔㼛㼚㼏㼑㻕㻌㻛㻌㼙㼛㼚㼠㼔㻌㼛㼞㻌㼘㼑㼟㼟
㻺㼑㼢㼑㼞
䠍᪥䛒䛯䜚䛾
ᦤྲྀᅇᩘ
㻟
㻞
㻝
㻜㻚㻤
㻜㻚㻠
㻜㻚㻝
㻜㻚㻜㻤
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜
࠙⾲ 2ࠚ㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 9 ࡘࡢᦤྲྀ࢝ࢸࢦࣜࢆ 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾࡢᦤྲྀᅇᩘ࡟᥮⟬
6. ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ
(1) ㌟యィ ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅㸦BMI㸺18.5㸧ࡢேᩘࡣ⏨ᛶ 1 ே㸦5.3%㸧ࠊዪᛶ 1 ே㸦2.6%㸧ࡔ
ࡗࡓࠋ⫧‶⪅㸦BMIӍ30㸧ࡢேᩘࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡣ 0 ே㸦0%㸧ࠊዪᛶࡣ 3 ே㸦7.9%㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅ࠊ⫧‶⪅࡜ࡶ࡟⏨ዪ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣฟ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ BMI18.5 ௨ୖ
30 ᮍ‶୰࡛ࡶᶆ‽య㔜࡛࠶ࡿ BMI18.5 ௨ୖ 25.0 ᮍ‶ࡢ๭ྜࡀࠊ⏨ᛶࡣ 89.5%ࠊዪᛶࡣ
60.0%ࠊ㐣య㔜࡛࠶ࡿ BMI25.0 ௨ୖ 30.0 ᮍ‶ࡢ๭ྜࡀࠊ⏨ᛶࡣ 5.3%࡛ዪᛶࡣ 28.9%࡛࠶
ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 1㸧ࠋ
2
Mandazi ࡣᥭࡆࣃࣥࠊCommercial beverage ࡣࢥ࣮ࣛࡸࣇ࢓ࣥࢱ࡞࡝ࡢⅣ㓟㣧ᩱ࡛ࠊ㟢
ᗑ࡛㈍኎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
3
Sorghum alcohol ࡣࠊࢯ࣒ࣝ࢞ࢆⓎ㓝ࡉࡏ࡚సࡗࡓ࢔ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ㣧ᩱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
24
24
៏ᛶ䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊Ḟஈ䠄㻮㻹㻵㻨㻝㻤㻚㻡䠅
⫧‶䠄㻮㻹㻵䍻㻟㻜䠅
⏨ᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻝㻥㻕
ேᩘ
㻔䠂㻕
㻝
㻔㻡㻚㻟㻕
㻜
㻔㻜㻚㻜㻕
ዪᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻟㻤㻕
ேᩘ
㻔䠂㻕
㻝
㻔㻞㻚㻢㻕
㻟
㻔㻣㻚㻥㻕
䝣䜱䝑䝅䝱䞊䛾┤᥋☜⋡᳨ᐃ
㼜್
㻜㻚㻡㻢㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻤㻤
࠙⾲ 3ࠚ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅࡜⫧‶⪅ࡢ⏨ዪู๭ྜ
࠙ᅗ 1ࠚBMI4 ⩌࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪู๭ྜ
(2) 18 ရ┠ࡢ㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ
ձᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖ࡜ࠕᑡ࡞࠸⩌ࠖࡢ 2 ⩌࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪẚ㍑
ㄪᰝᆅᇦࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞㣗஦࡜ࡋ࡚㢖⦾࡟㣗ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ Porridge㸦2 ✀㸧ࠊAgatogo㸦2 ✀㸧ࠊ
Soup/Sauce㸦3 ✀㸧ࠊBoiled banana/potatoࠊRiceࠊUbugariࠊUmutsima ࡛ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢ㣗ရ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡶ⏨ዪ㛫࡟ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡢ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ2 ✀㢮ࡢ Agatogo ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࢆከ
ࡃྵࡴࡇ࡜࠿ࡽᦤྲྀࡀ᥎ዡࡉࢀࡿ Agatogo with animal food or beans ࡣࠊ⏨ዪඹ࡟ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘ
ࡀ᭶࡟ 2㸫3 ᅇ௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡿࠕᑡ࡞࠸⩌ࠖࡢ᪉ࡀከࡃࠊࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ྵ᭷㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ Agatogo
without animal food and beans ࡢ᪉ࡀࠊ1 㐌㛫࡟ 1 ᅇ௨ୖ㣗࡭ࡿࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖࡢ๭ྜࡀ㧗ࡃࠊ
㢖⦾࡟㣗࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ3 ✀㢮ࡢ Soup/Sauce ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊື≀ᛶࡢ
Ⰻ㉁࡞ࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ Soup/Sauce with animal food ࡜᳜≀ᛶࡢࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࡀྵࡲࢀ
ࡿ Soup/Sauce with beans ࡜ࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ྵ᭷㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ Soup/Sauce without animal food and
beans ࡛ࡣࠊ᳜≀ᛶࡢࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ Soup/Sauce with beans ࡀ⏨ዪ࡜ࡶ࡟᭱ࡶከࡃ㣗
࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢᰤ㣴౯ࡀ㧗ࡃࠊᦤྲྀࡀ᥎ዡࡉࢀࡿ
EggࠊMilk ࡢ 2 ရ┠࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ⏨ዪ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊEgg ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᦤ
ྲྀࡀ᥎ዡࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ⏨ዪ࡜ࡶ࡟ࠕᑡ࡞࠸⩌ࠖࡀ 8 ๭ࢆ㉸࠼ࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ㣗࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸
࡞࠸㣗ရ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⌧㔠࡛㉎ධࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⤒῭≧ែ࡟ࡼࡾᦤྲྀ㢖
ᗘ࡟ᕪࡀ࡛ࡸࡍ࠸ MandaziࠊCommercial beverage ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⏨ዪ㛫࡛᭷ពᕪࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ⏨ዪඹ࡟ MandaziࠊCommercial beverage ࡣࠊ
ࠕᑡ࡞࠸⩌ࠖࡀ 8 ๭㏆ࡃ࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀ
ࡽࡢႴዲရࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㣗࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ♫఍࣭ᩥ໬ⓗ࡞㢼⩦࡟ࡼࡾ⏨ዪ㛫
࡛ᕪࡀ࡛ࡸࡍ࠸ Sorghum alcohol ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡢࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖࡀ 63.3%ࠊዪᛶࡢࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖ
ࡀ 18.4%࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶ࡟ẚ࡭࡚᭷ព࡟ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸦p<0.01㸧ࠋ࢚ࢿࣝ
25
25
ࢠ࣮ᦤྲྀ࡟୺࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ Sweet banana ࡜ Avocado ࡛ࡣࠊAvocado ࡟࠾࠸࡚⏨ᛶࡢࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖ
ࡀ 73.7%ࠊዪᛶࡢࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖࡣ 44.7%࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀ᭷ព࡟
㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸦p<0.01㸧㸦⾲ 4㸧ࠋ
㣗䚷ရ
㻼㼛㼞㼞㼕㼐㼓㼑㻌㼙㼍㼕㼦㼑㻌㼒㼘㼛㼡㼞
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㻼㼛㼞㼞㼕㼐㼓㼑㻌㼙㼕㼤㼑㼐㻌㼒㼘㼛㼡㼞
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㻭㼓㼍㼠㼛㼓㼛㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐㻌㼛㼞㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㻭㼓㼍㼠㼛㼓㼛㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㼛㼡㼠㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㻿㼛㼡㼜㻛㻿㼍㼡㼏㼑㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㻿㼛㼡㼜㻛㻿㼍㼡㼏㼑㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㻿㼛㼡㼜㻛㻿㼍㼡㼏㼑㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㼛㼡㼠㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㻮㼛㼕㼘㼑㼐㻌㼎㼍㼚㼍㼚㼍㻛㼜㼛㼠㼍㼠㼛
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㻾㼕㼏㼑
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㼁㼎㼡㼓㼍㼞㼕
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㼁㼙㼡㼠㼟㼕㼙㼍
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㻱㼓㼓
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㻹㼕㼘㼗㻛㼀㼑㼍㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼙㼕㼘㼗㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼟㼡㼓㼍㼞
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㻹㼍㼚㼐㼍㼦㼕
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㻯㼛㼙㼙㼑㼞㼏㼕㼍㼘㻌㼎㼑㼢㼑㼞㼍㼓㼑
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
㻿㼛㼞㼓㼡㼙㻌㼍㼘㼏㼛㼔㼛㼘㻌
ከ䛔⩌
ᑡ䛺䛔⩌
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ከ䛔⩌
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⏨ᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻝㻥㻕
ேᩘ
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㻟㻝
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㻔㻝㻤㻚㻠㻕
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㻔㻢㻟㻚㻞㻕
㻝㻢
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㻔㻠㻞㻚㻝㻕
㻔㻡㻣㻚㻥㻕
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㻝㻠
㻡
㻔㻣㻟㻚㻣㻕
㻔㻞㻢㻚㻟㻕
㻞㻥
㻥
㻔㻣㻢㻚㻟㻕
㻔㻞㻟㻚㻣㻕
㻝㻚㻜㻜㻜 㼍
㻣
㻝㻞
㻔㻟㻢㻚㻤㻕
㻔㻢㻟㻚㻞㻕
㻝㻢
㻞㻞
㻔㻠㻞㻚㻝㻕
㻔㻡㻣㻚㻥㻕
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㻟
㻝㻢
㻔㻝㻡㻚㻤㻕
㻔㻤㻠㻚㻞㻕
㻡
㻟㻟
㻔㻝㻟㻚㻞㻕
㻔㻤㻢㻚㻤㻕
㻜㻚㻡㻠㻠
㻝㻝
㻤
㻔㻡㻣㻚㻥㻕
㻔㻠㻞㻚㻝㻕
㻞㻝
㻝㻣
㻔㻡㻡㻚㻟㻕
㻔㻠㻠㻚㻣㻕
㻜㻚㻤㻡㻜
㻠
㻝㻡
㻔㻞㻝㻚㻝㻕
㻔㻣㻤㻚㻥㻕
㻥
㻞㻥
㻔㻞㻟㻚㻣㻕
㻔㻣㻢㻚㻟㻕
㻜㻚㻡㻡㻞 㼍
㻟
㻝㻢
㻔㻝㻡㻚㻤㻕
㻔㻤㻠㻚㻞㻕
㻠
㻟㻠
㻔㻝㻜㻚㻡㻕
㻔㻤㻥㻚㻡㻕
㻜㻚㻠㻞㻥
㻝㻞
㻣
㻔㻢㻟㻚㻞㻕
㻔㻟㻢㻚㻤㻕
㻣
㻟㻝
㻔㻝㻤㻚㻠㻕
㻔㻤㻝㻚㻢㻕
㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝
㻡
㻝㻠
㻔㻞㻢㻚㻟㻕
㻔㻣㻟㻚㻣㻕
㻝㻜
㻞㻤
㻔㻞㻢㻚㻟㻕
㻔㻣㻟㻚㻣㻕
㻜㻚㻢㻟㻝 㼍
㻝㻠
㻡
㻔㻣㻟㻚㻣㻕
㻔㻞㻢㻚㻟㻕
㻝㻣
㻞㻝
㻔㻠㻠㻚㻣㻕
㻔㻡㻡㻚㻟㻕
㻜㻚㻜㻟㻥
㼍䝣䜱䝑䝅䝱䞊䛾┤᥋☜⋡᳨ᐃ
࠙⾲ 4ࠚࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖࠕᑡ࡞࠸⩌ࠖࡢ 2 ⩌࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪ㛫ࡢẚ㍑
26
26
㼍
㼍
㼍
㼍
ղ18 ရ┠ࡢ 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾࡢᦤྲྀᅇᩘࡢ⏨ዪẚ㍑
ㄪᰝᆅᇦࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞㣗஦࡜ࡋ࡚㢖⦾࡟㣗ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 11 ရ┠୰ࠊSoup/Sauce with beans
ࡢ 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾࡢᦤྲྀᅇᩘࡀዪᛶࡣ 0.7 ࠿ࡽ 1.0 ᅇ㸦1 㐌㛫࡟ 5㸫6 ᅇ࠿ࡽ 1 ᪥࡟ 1 ᅇ㣗࡭ࡿ㸧
࡟ᑐࡋࠊ⏨ᛶࡣ 0.4 ࠿ࡽ 0.8 ᅇ㸦1 㐌㛫࡟ 2㸫4 ᅇ࠿ࡽ 1 㐌㛫࡟ 5㸫6 ᅇ㣗࡭ࡿ㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
ዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ᛶ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᦤྲྀᅇᩘࡀ᭷ព࡟ከ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦p<0.01㸧ࠋ཯ᑐ࡟ Sorghum alcohol
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡣ 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾ 0 ᅇ࠿ࡽ 0.8 ᅇ㸦ࡲࡗࡓࡃ㣧ࡲ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ 1 㐌㛫࡟ 1 ᅇ㣧ࡴ㸧
࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊዪᛶࡣ 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾ 0 ᅇ࠿ࡽ 0.0075 ᅇ㸦ࡲࡗࡓࡃ㣧ࡲ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ 1 ࠿᭶࡟ 1
ᅇ௨ୗࡋ࠿㣧ࡲ࡞࠸㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࠊᦤྲྀᅇᩘࡀ᭷ព࡟ከ࠿ࡗࡓ
㸦p<0.01㸧ࠋࡑࡢ௚ 15 ရ┠࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾࡢᦤྲྀᅇᩘ࡟࠾࠸࡚⏨ዪ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡣ
࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 5㸧ࠋ
㣗䚷ရ
⏨ᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻝㻥㻕
୰ኸ್
㻼㼛㼞㼞㼕㼐㼓㼑㻌㼙㼍㼕㼦㼑㻌㼒㼘㼛㼡㼞
㻜㻚㻜㻤
㻼㼛㼞㼞㼕㼐㼓㼑㻌㼙㼕㼤㼑㼐㻌㼒㼘㼛㼡㼞
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻭㼓㼍㼠㼛㼓㼛㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㼛㼡㼠㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟
㻜㻚㻜㻤
㻭㼓㼍㼠㼛㼓㼛㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻿㼛㼡㼜㻛㻿㼍㼡㼏㼑㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐
㻜㻚㻜㻤
㻿㼛㼡㼜㻛㻿㼍㼡㼏㼑㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟
㻜㻚㻤㻜
㻿㼛㼡㼜㻛㻿㼍㼡㼏㼑㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㼛㼡㼠㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻮㼛㼕㼘㼑㼐㻌㼎㼍㼚㼍㼚㼍㻛㼜㼛㼠㼍㼠㼛
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻾㼕㼏㼑
㻜㻚㻜㻤
㼁㼎㼡㼓㼍㼞㼕㻌㻔㼏㼍㼟㼟㼍㼢㼍㻕
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㼁㼙㼡㼠㼟㼕㼙㼍㻌㻔㼙㼍㼕㼦㼑㻕
㻜㻚㻜㻤
㻱㼓㼓
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻹㼕㼘㼗㻌㼀㼑㼍㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼙㼕㼘㼗㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼟㼡㼓㼍㼞
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻹㼍㼚㼐㼍㼦㼕
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻯㼛㼙㼙㼑㼞㼏㼕㼍㼘㻌㼎㼑㼢㼑㼞㼍㼓㼑
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻿㼛㼞㼓㼡㼙㻌㼍㼘㼏㼛㼔㼛㼘
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻿㼣㼑㼑㼠㻌㼎㼍㼚㼍㼚㼍
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻭㼢㼛㼏㼍㼐㼛
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻞㻡䢆䢛䡬䡺䢙䡼䡮䢕್
㻣㻡䢆䢛䡬䡺䢙䡼䡮䢕್
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻤㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻝㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻜㻚㻤㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻤㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻤
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻤
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻤
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻤㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻠㻜
ዪᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻟㻤㻕
୰ኸ್
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻤㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻢
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻤
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻤
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻜㻤
㻹㼍㼚㼚㻙㼃㼔㼕㼠㼚㼑㼥䛾㼁
㻞㻡䢆䢛䡬䡺䢙䡼䡮䢕್
᳨ᐃ
㻣㻡䢆䢛䡬䡺䢙䡼䡮䢕್
㻼್
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻝㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻤㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻜㻥
㻜㻚㻣㻜
㻝㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻤㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻠㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻥
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻝
㻜㻚㻜㻞
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻟
㻜㻚㻝㻜
㻜㻚㻠㻡㻣
㻜㻚㻝㻢㻝
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻤
㻜㻚㻝㻤㻝
㻜㻚㻜㻥㻟
㻜㻚㻜㻜㻤
㻜㻚㻜㻡㻝
㻜㻚㻠㻞㻟
㻜㻚㻠㻠㻡
㻜㻚㻤㻝㻠
㻜㻚㻣㻝㻠
㻜㻚㻠㻠㻟
㻜㻚㻢㻟㻡
㻜㻚㻤㻝㻟
㻜㻚㻡㻣㻤
㻜㻚㻜㻜㻞
㻝㻚㻜㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻞㻜㻥
࠙⾲ 5ࠚFFQ18 ရ┠ࡢ 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾࡢᦤྲྀᅇᩘࡢ⏨ዪ㛫࡛ࡢẚ㍑
ճᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞࡜ᚲせ㔞࡜ࡢẚ㍑
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࠊࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࠊࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ Aࠊ㕲ࠊ࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘ࡢ 5 ࡘࡢᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞ࢆ⏨ዪู
࡟ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ࡝ࡢᰤ㣴⣲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶ࡟ẚ࡭ከࡃᦤྲྀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ
27
27
࣮ࡢᚲせ㔞࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᑐ㇟⪅ಶேࡢ BMI ุ࡛ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᚲせ㔞࡜ࡢẚ㍑
ࡣ⾜ࢃ࡞࠸ࠋ⏨ᛶࡣ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀ 1,472kcal ࡛ࠊ18.5ӌBMI㸺25.0 ࡢヱᙜ⪅ࡀ᭱ࡶ
ከࡃ඲యࡢ 89.5%ࡔࡗࡓࠋዪᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀ 866kcal ࡛ࠊ඲యࡢ 60.0%
ࡀ 18.5ӌBMI㸺25.0 ࡟ヱᙜࡋࡓࡀࠊBMIӍ25.0 ࡣ 36.8%ࡔࡗࡓࠋࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࠊࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ
Aࠊ㕲ࠊ࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢᰤ㣴⣲࡟࠾࠸࡚ UNU/WHO/FAO ࡜ IOM ࡀⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᚲせ
㔞࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᰤ㣴⣲࡟ᑐࡋ࡚୙㊊⪅ࡢ๭ྜࡣዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ᛶ࡟ẚ࡭࡚㧗࠿
ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 6㸧ࠋ
⏨ᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻝㻥㻕
ዪᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻟㻤㻕
ᖹᆒᦤྲྀ㔞㻌㼼㻌ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
ᰤ㻌㣴㻌⣲
䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊
䛯䜣䜁䛟㉁
䝡䝍䝭䞁㻭
㻔㼗㼏㼍㼘㻕
㻔㼓㻕
㻔㽀㼓㻾㻱㻕
㕲
䜹䝹䝅䜴䝮
㻔㼙㼓㻕
㻔㼙㼓㻕
㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻝㻠㻣㻞㻌㼼㻌㻣㻤㻡
㻟㻝㻚㻟㻌㼼㻌㻝㻢㻚㻢
㻟㻢㻤㻌㼼㻌㻞㻜㻤
㻤㻢㻢㻌㼼㻌㻢㻢㻢
㻝㻥㻚㻟㻌㼼㻌㻝㻡㻚㻜
㻞㻜㻤㻌㼼㻌㻝㻟㻠
㻤㻚㻥㻌㼼㻌㻡㻚㻠
㻠㻚㻤㻌㼼㻌㻠㻚㻝
㻞㻤㻜㻌㼼㻌㻝㻞㻠
㻞㻜㻡㻌㼼㻌㻝㻡㻠
ᚲせ㔞䛻ᑐ䛩䜛୙㊊⪅䛾๭ྜ㻔㻑㻕
䛯䜣䜁䛟㉁㻌㻔⏨ᛶ䠙㻠㻜㻚㻜㼓䚸ዪᛶ䠙㻟㻤㻚㻟㼓㻕
䝡䝍䝭䞁㻭 㻌㻔⏨ᛶ䠙㻟㻜㻜㽀㼓㻾㻱䚸ዪᛶ䠙㻞㻣㻜㽀㼓㻾㻱㻕
㻣㻟㻚㻣
㻟㻢㻚㻤
㻥㻞㻚㻝
㻣㻟㻚㻣
㕲㻌㻔⏨ᛶ䠙㻢㻚㻜㼙㼓䚸ዪᛶ䠙㻤㻚㻝㼙㼓㻕
䜹䝹䝅䜴䝮㻌㻔⏨ᛶ䚸ዪᛶ䠙㻤㻠㻜㼙㼓㻕
㻠㻞㻚㻝
㻤㻢㻚㻤
㻝㻜㻜
㻝㻜㻜
࠙⾲ 6ࠚᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞࡜ᚲせ㔞࡜ࡢẚ㍑
࠙෗┿ 1ࠚFFQ ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊ ࠙෗┿ 2ࠚPorridge ࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊ
7. ⪃ᐹ
Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢከࡃࡢᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ௨๓࠿ࡽ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅ࡢ๭ྜࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀၥ㢟࡟
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ⫧‶⪅ࡢ๭ྜࡶ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊపᰤ㣴࡜㐣ᰤ㣴ࡢၥ㢟ࡀ
ྠ᫬࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࠕᰤ㣴ኻㄪࡢ஧㔜ⱞ㸦double burden of malnutrition㸧ࠖࢆᢪ࠼ࡿᅜࡀከࡃࡳ
ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࣝ࣡ࣥࢲᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦࡢேࠎ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㌟య ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊBMI18.5 ᮍ‶࡛࠶ࡿ៏ᛶ࢚
ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅ࠊBMI30.0 ௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡿ⫧‶⪅ࡢ๭ྜࡣ⏨ዪඹ࡟ᑡ࡞ࡃࠊ⏨ዪᕪࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞
࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊBMI18.5 ௨ୖ 30.0 ᮍ‶ࡢ୰࡛ࡶࠊ㐣య㔜࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ BMI25.0
௨ୖ 30.0 ᮍ‶ࡢ๭ྜࡀ⏨ᛶ࡛ࡣ 5.3%ࠊዪᛶ࡛ࡣ 28.9%࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣝ࣡ࣥࢲᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦ࡛
ࡣࡩࡃࡼ࠿࡞ዪᛶࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㏵ୖᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚⫧‶⪅ࡸ㐣య㔜⪅ࡢቑຍࠊ≉࡟
28
28
ዪᛶࡢ⫧‶⪅ࡀ⏨ᛶ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ከࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㏆ᖺሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࣝ࣡ࣥࢲ
ᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢ⌧㇟ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
18 ရ┠ࡢ㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ⚊ࢆ౑ࡗࡓ㣗஦ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊSorgum alcohol ࡸ Avocado ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࠊ⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶ࡟ẚ࡭࡚᭷ព࡟ከࡃᦤྲྀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࢔ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ㢮࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡣࠊዪᛶࡢ㣧㓇ࢆ⚗Ṇࡍࡿ♫఍ࡸᩥ໬ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡞࡝⏨ዪᕪࡀฟࡸࡍ࠸㣗ရ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ㏵ୖᅜࡢከࡃࡢᐙᗞ࡛ࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡀᐙィᨭฟࡢ౑࠸㐨࡟㛵ࡍࡿỴᐃᶒࢆᥱࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᐙ
ᗞࡀከࡃࠊ⌧㔠࡛㉎ධࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㣗ရ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡢᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀዪᛶ࡟ẚ࡭ከࡃ࡞
ࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋSorgum alcohol ࡣࠊ⌧㔠࡛㉎ධࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶ࡟ẚ
࡭ࠊᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸㣗ရ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣝ࣡ࣥࢲࡢᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦ࡛ࡶࠊ♫఍࣭ᩥ໬ⓗ⫼
ᬒ࡟ࡼࡾዪᛶࡣ࠾㓇ࢆ㣧ࡲ࡞࠸ཪࡣ⏨ᛶ࡟ẚ࡭㣧ࡴ㢖ᗘࡀᑡ࡞࠸⩦័ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡲ
ࡓ Mandazi ࡸ Commercial beverage ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ᭷ព࡞ᕪ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ⏨ᛶࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘ
ࡀዪᛶ࡟ẚ࡭ከࡃࠊ⌧㔠࡛㉎ධࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㣗ရ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞
ࡿഴྥࡀఛ࠼ࡓࠋ
Avocado ࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀ⏨ᛶࡣዪᛶ࡟ẚ࡭᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊAvocado ࡣᐙᗞ
ෆ࡛᱂ᇵࡋࠊ⮬ᐙᾘ㈝ࡍࡿ㣗ရ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᕷሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚⌧㔠࡛㉎ධࡍࡿሙྜࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ
ࡓࡵࠊ⏨ᛶࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀዪᛶࡼࡾ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
඾ᆺⓗ࡞㣗஦࡜ࡋ࡚㢖⦾࡟㣗ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 11 ရ┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⏨ዪࡢ㛫࡟
ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡢᕪࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢ㡯┠࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊྠࡌᐙᗞ
ෆ࡛ྠࡌᩱ⌮ࢆ㣗࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⏨ዪ㛫࡛ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘ࡟ᕪࡀฟ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࢃ
ࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ౛እⓗ࡟ Soup/Sauce with beans ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊዪᛶࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀ⏨ᛶ࡟ẚ࡭
㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡉࡽ࡟᳨ウࡀᚲせࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
ᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࠊࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࠊࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ Aࠊ㕲ࠊ࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘ࡢ 5
ࡘࡢᰤ㣴⣲ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᰤ㣴⣲࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ከࡃᦤྲྀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣࠊ⏨ᛶ࡜ዪᛶ࡜࡛ࡣ୍ᅇ࠶ࡓࡾ࡟㣗࡭ࡿ㔞㸦࣏࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢧ࢖ࢬ㸧ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ୍
ᅇ࠶ࡓࡾࡢᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀከ࠸⏨ᛶࡣࠊᚲ↛ⓗ࡟ᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞ࡶዪᛶ࡟ẚ࡭࡚㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࡔ࡜
᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ18 ရ┠ࡢ㣗ရࡸᩱ⌮ࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ࡛ࠊዪᛶ࡟ẚ࡭࡚⏨ᛶࡣࠊ
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᐤ୚⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ Avocado ࡸ Sorgum alcohol ࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡾࠊ⏨ᛶ
࡜ዪᛶࡢᦤྲྀ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㔞ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࠊ࣏࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ㐪࠸ࡢ௚࡟ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ㣗ရࡢ
ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘ࡟ࡼࡿ㐪࠸ࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ࡣ௚ࡢ
せᅉࡶᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊࡉࡽ࡟᳨ウࡀᚲせࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
8. ௒ᚋࡢ◊✲࡬ࡢᒎᮃ
㏵ୖᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㈋ᅔࡸపᰤ㣴ࠊ៏ᛶ⑌ᝈ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝࡀከࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ⣽
࠿࠸ᰤ㣴⣲ࣞ࣋ࣝࡲ࡛㋃ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔ㣗஦ㄪᰝࡣࠊከࡃࡢ᫬㛫ࡸࢥࢫࢺࡀ࠿࠿ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟Ⅼ
࠿ࡽ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃࠊᐇ㝿࡯࡜ࢇ࡝⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࣝ࣡ࣥࢲࡶ
ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᰤ㣴ᦤྲྀࡢᐇែࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡛౑⏝ࡋ
ࡓ FFQ ࡣࠊࣝ࣡ࣥࢲᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦࡢேࠎࡀࠊ㣗ရࡸᩱ⌮ࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࢆ⟅࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࠊࡑ
ࡢேࡢ⩦័ⓗ࡞ᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿ⡆౽࡞ࢶ࣮࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊㄪᰝᑐ
㇟⪅ࡢ⩦័ⓗ࡞ᰤ㣴ᦤྲྀ≧ἣࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᇶ࡟ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞
㣗஦ࡀ᥎ዡࡉࢀࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ㣗஦ࢆ࡝࠺ᨵၿࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡭ࡁ࠿࡞࡝ࠊᆅᇦࡢ᪉ࡢ㣗⏕ά࡟ᐦ╔ࡋ
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ࡓᰤ㣴ᩍ⫱ࡢᥦゝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
9. ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
ⱥㄒᩥ⊩
Elizabeth Powley [2008], “Rwanda: Women Hold Up Half the Parliament”.
FAO/WHO [2001], Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements.
IOM [2001], DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES.
Rebecca Kanter et al [2012], “Global Gender Disparities in obesity: A Review”, A merican
Society for Nutrition 3(4) : pp. 491-498.
Robert Black et al [2013], “Maternal and child undernutrion and overweight in
low-income and middle-income countries”, The Lancet 382(9890) : pp. 427-451.
WHO [2010], World Health Statistics 2010.
WHO/FAO/UNU [2007], PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS IN HUMAN
NUTRITION.
᪥ᮏㄒᩥ⊩
ᡞ⏣┿⣖Ꮚ [2008]ࠗ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝࡜ᨻ἞ ⣮த࡜㈋ᅔ࡜ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮̿ࢃࡓࡋࡓࡕࡀ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ࢆ
Ꮫࡪ⌮⏤̿࠘ᚚⲔࣀỈ᭩ᡣ 147-180 㡫ࠋ
UNICEF [2006] ୡ⏺Ꮚ౪ⓑ᭩ 2007 16-35 㡫ࠋ
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ῧ௜㈨ᩱ
FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE (FFQ)
Household ID㸸
Sex㸸 Male
ID㸸
/
Date㸸
/ August / 2014
Date of birth㸸 Female
First name㸸
/ /
Family name㸸
Height㸸 cm
Have you ever attended WVPs?
Yes
Sector㸸Rukara / Mwiri
Age
:
Researcher’s name㸸
Weight㸸 kg
࣭
No
Are there any RC in the HH?
࣭
Yes
No
For each food item, indicate with a checkmark the category that best describes the frequency with which you usually eat that item.
More
than
Food item
3
2
1
times
(twice)
(once)
/day
/day
/day
5-6
2-4
1
times
times
(once)
/week
/week
/week
2-3
1
times
(once)
/month /month
or less
Maize flour
Porridge
Mixed flour
Agatogo
Soup /
Sauce
(without
potato /
banana)
With animal food
or beans
Without animal food
and beans
With animal food
(with / without beans)
With beans
(without animal food)
Without animal food
and beans
Boiled banana / potato
Rice
Ubugari (cassava)
Umutsima (maize)
Egg
Milk / tea with milk and sugar
Mandazi
Commercial beverage
Sorghum alcohol
Sweet banana
Avocado
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31
Never
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