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21 ルワンダ東部農村地域における妊娠可能年齢女性の栄養状態と食物
ࣝ࣡ࣥࢲᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿዷፎྍ⬟ᖺ㱋ዪᛶࡢᰤ㣴≧ែ㣗≀ࡢࢡࢭࢫ Nutritional Status and Food Access among Female Villagers of Reproductive Age in the Eastern Rwanda ே㛫ᩥᡂ⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ࣛࣇࢧ࢚ࣥࢫᑓᨷ M1 ᰗἑ࠶ࡺࡳ 1. せ⣙ 㸦ᩥ㸧 ࣇࣜ࢝ᅵࡀᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟ࡋ࡚ࠊ㣗⣊㊊㉳ᅉࡍࡿపᰤ㣴ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽఏ⤫ⓗ ⏨ᛶඃ࡞♫࡛࠶ࡿࣇࣜ࢝ㅖᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕ㈋ᅔࡢዪᛶ㸦feminization of poverty㸧ࠖ ࡢゝⴥࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ㈋ᅔேཱྀࡢ 3 ศࡢ 2 ࡣዪᛶ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㈋ᅔࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮᱁ᕪⱞ ࡋࡴዪᛶࡀከࡃᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ ࣝ࣡ࣥࢲඹᅜࡣࠊ1994 ᖺࡢẸ᪘㛫ࡢẅ௨᮶ࠊ┠ぬࡲࡋ࠸⤒῭Ⓨᒎࢆ㐙ࡆࡿྠ ࠊᅜᐙᨻ⟇࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ὶ㸦ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ᖹ➼ࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭẁ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡽ ࡺࡿᨻ⟇ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢどⅬࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇ㸧ࡀ┠ぬࡲࡋ࠸ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ ࠸ࡲࡔ㎰ᮧ㒊࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡁࢀ࠸࡞Ỉࡸᰤ㣴ࡢ࠶ࡿ㣗≀࡞⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃ࠺࠼࡛ᚲせ࡞᭱ప 㝈ࡢ≀㈨ࡶ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶࡢᛶᕪูࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀண ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊ2014 ᖺ 8 ᭶ࣝ࣡ࣥࢲᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ18㸫49 ṓࡢᡂே⏨ዪࢆᑐ㇟ ࠊ㌟య ᐃ㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸ࠊྠᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿዷፎྍ⬟࡞ᖺ㱋ࡢዪᛶࡢᰤ㣴≧ ែ㣗≀ࡢࢡࢭࢫࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ ㌟య ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ BMI18.5 ᮍ‶࡛࠶ࡿ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅ࡸ BMI30.0 ௨ୖࡢ⫧‶ ⪅ࡢྜࡣ⏨ዪࡶᑡ࡞ࡃࠊ㛗ᮇᰤ㣴≧ែ࠾࠸࡚⏨ዪ㛫᭷ពᕪࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㣗≀ᦤ ྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊㄪᰝ⚊グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 18 ရ┠ࡢ㣗ࡸᩱ⌮ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊSorghum alcoholࠊ Avocado ࠊ Soup/Sauce with beans ࡢ 3 ရ ┠ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ᦤ ྲྀ 㢖 ᗘ ⏨ ዪ 㛫 ࡛ ᭷ ព ᕪ ࡀ ฟ ࡓ 㸦p<0.05㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽ 3 㣗ရࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡢ㐪࠸ࡀࠊ⏨ዪࡢᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞ࡢᕪ␗ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿせᅉࡢ୍ࡘ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࡢせᅉࡶᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 㸦ⱥᩥ㸧 Undernutrition is a problem in Africa, and it is caused by an insufficient food source. There is also the feminization of poverty in male-oriented societies of African countries, where two-thirds of impoverished individuals are females, and women also suffer from gender discrimination. The Republic of Rwanda has accomplished significant economic development since the 1994 genocide, and gender mainstreaming, which was a means for achieving gender equality, has been a remarkable feat in their national policies. However, basic supplies such as clean water and nutritious foods are lacking in the rural regions of Rwanda, and it is thought that gender discrimination against women still exists. A survey—the body measurement and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)—was administered to adult men and women aged 18–49 years to determine the nutritional status and accessibility to 21 21 food among female villagers of childbearing age in the eastern region of Rwanda. The results of the body measurements showed that there were very few men and women with chronic energy deficiency (body mass index [BMI] < 18.5) or who were obese (BMI 30.0). No significant differences were observed between men and women in long-term nutritional condition. As for the consumption frequencies of three items listed in the FFQ, which included sorghum alcohol, avocados, and soup/sauce with beans, there were significant differences between men and women (p<0.05). The difference in intake frequency of these three items may influence the differences in the nutritional intake of men and women, but there may be other factors that affect gender difference in nutritional intakes. 2. ⌧ᆅㄪᰝᮇ㛫㸸2014 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 18 ᪥㹼8 ᭶ 31 ᪥ 3. ㄪᰝ⫼ᬒ ࣇࣜ࢝ᅵࡀᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟Ⅼࡋ࡚ࠊ㣗ᩱ㊊㉳ᅉࡍࡿపᰤ㣴ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࡛ࡶࠊዷ ፎࡀྍ⬟࡞ᖺ㱋ࡢࣇࣜ࢝ேዪᛶ༨ࡵࡿ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅㸦BMI18.5 ᮍ‶㸧ࡢྜ ࡣ 2008 ᖺⅬ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ 10㸣ࢆ㉸࠼㸦Robert et al [2013]㸧ࠊዷፎ๓ࡽࡢᰤ㣴≧ែࡢᝏ ࡉࡀࠊዷ⏘፬ṚஸࡸஙᗂඣṚஸࡢ༴㝤ᅉᏊ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢせᅉࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ࠊఏ⤫ⓗ ⏨ᛶඃ࡞♫࡛࠶ࡿࣇࣜ࢝ㅖᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࠊዪᛶࡀ㣗≀ࡢࢡࢭࢫ࠾࠸࡚࡞ ❧ሙ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࣝ࣡ࣥࢲඹᅜ㸦௨ୗࠊࣝ࣡ࣥࢲ㸧ࡣࠊ1994 ᖺ㉳ࡁࡓẅࡼࡾࠊ ࠕࣇࣜ࢝ࡢወ㊧ࠖ ࡤࢀࡿ⯆ࢆ㐙ࡆࡓᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕᖹᵓ⠏ࠖࡢດຊࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࣇࣜ࢝ࡢᖹᆒࢆ ࡸࡸୗᅇࡿ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛⤒῭Ỉ‽ࡀᅇࡋࡓࠋዪᛶᅜ㆟ဨࡢྜࡀୡ⏺୍ࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿ࡞ࠊ ᅜᐙᨻ⟇࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ὶࡀ┠ぬࡲࡋ࠸ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ࠸ࡲࡔ♫࣭⤒῭Ⓨ ᒎࡢᜠᜨࢆཷࡅࡃ࠸㎰ᮧ㒊࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡁࢀ࠸࡞Ỉࡸᰤ㣴ࡢ࠶ࡿ㣗≀ࠊㄪ⌮ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⸄ ࡞ࠊ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃ࠺࠼࡛ᚲせ࡞᭱ప㝈ࡢ≀㈨ࡶ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶࡢᛶ ᕪูࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀண ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᮏㄪ ᰝࡣ ࣝ࣡ࣥ ࢲᮾ 㒊㎰ᮧ ᆅᇦ ࠾ࡅ ࡿ༙ ᐃ㔞ⓗ 㣗≀ ᦤྲྀ㢖 ᗘㄪ ᰝ⚊㸦food frequency questionnaire: FFQ㸧ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡑࡢホ౯ࢆ┠ⓗ 2013 ᖺ 3 ᭶ࡽጞࡲࡗࡓ◊✲ࡢ୍⎔ࢆᢸ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2013 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 8 ᭶ཬࡧ 2014 ᖺ 3 ᭶ࠊㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚ 1 ᪥㛫ࡢグᘧ⛗ 㔞グ㘓ἲࡼࡿ㣗ㄪᰝࢆᙜ◊✲ᐊࡢ࢝ࣂ࢚ࣜࣟ➼ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᇶࠊᩱ ⌮ࡸ㣗ရࡢᛶ࣭ᖺ㱋㝵⣭ู㸯ᅇ࠶ࡓࡾࡢᖹᆒᦤྲྀ㔞㸦࣏࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢧࢬ㸧ࡑࡇྵࡲࢀ ࡿᰤ㣴⣲➼ྵ᭷㔞ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࠊ༙ᐃ㔞ⓗ FFQ ࢆᙜ◊✲ᐊࡢ⥙㇂➼ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋ ᅇࡢㄪᰝࡣࠊࡇࡢ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ FFQ ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᐇࡍࡿึࡵ࡚ࡢ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ࡞ࡿࠋᡂே⏨ዪ 㸦18㸫49 ṓ㸧57 ྡࢆᑐ㇟ࠊᩱ⌮ࡸ㣗ရࡢ⩦័ⓗ࡞ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࢆ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾㄪᰝࡋࠊ㣗≀ ࡢࢡࢭࢫࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ 4. ㄪᰝ┠ⓗ ዪᛶ⮬㌟ࡢᗣḟୡ௦ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢᙳ㡪ࡀࡁ࠸ࠊ18㸫49 ṓࡢዷፎྍ⬟࡞ᖺ㱋ࡢ ዪᛶࢆㄪᰝᑐ㇟㞟ᅋࡋࠊྠᖺ௦ࡢ⏨ᛶẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊࣝ࣡ࣥࢲᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦ ࠾ࡅࡿዷፎྍ⬟࡞ᖺ㱋ࡢዪᛶࡢᰤ㣴≧ែ㣗≀ࡢࢡࢭࢫࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓࠋ 22 22 ࡲࡓࠊ㏻ᖖࠊዷፎྍ⬟࡞ᖺ㱋ࡣ 15㸫49 ṓᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞ࡢホ౯ࢆࡍ ࡿ㝿ࠊᡂே㸦18 ṓ௨ୖ㸧ࡢ㣗ᦤྲྀᇶ‽ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ 18㸫49 ṓ ࡋࡓࠋ 5. ㄪᰝ᪉ἲ 㤳㒔࢟࢞ࣜࡽ⣙ 65km ᮾ㒊࠶ࡿ Kayonza District ࡢ Mwiri ᆅ༊ 12 ୡᖏ Rukara ᆅ༊ 19 ୡᖏࢆㄪᰝୡᖏࡋࠊୡᖏྵࡲࢀࡿ 18㸫49 ṓࡢᡂே⏨ᛶ 19 ேࠊᡂேዪᛶ 38 ேࠊྜ ィ 57 ேࢆㄪᰝᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ㸦⾲ 1㸧ࠋࡇࡢ 2 ᆅᇦࡣ World Vision Rwanda㸦௨ୗࠊWVR㸧 ࡼࡾࠊேཱྀつᶍࠊ♫⤒῭ࣞ࣋ࣝࠊẼೃ㢼ᅵࡀྠ⛬ᗘࡔࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2 ᆅᇦ࠾ ࡅࡿேཱྀࡣࠊMwiri ᆅ༊ࡣ⣙ 26,000 ேࠊRukara ᆅ༊ࡣ⣙ 23,000 ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊㄪᰝୡ ᖏࡣ WVR 㑅ᐃࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓᚋࠊㄪᰝ༠ຊࡢᢎㅙࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓᐙᗞ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᡤᚓ Ỉ‽ࠊ⫋ᴗࠊᩍ⫱Ỉ‽࡞ࡢ♫⤒῭ⓗ࡞≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⪃៖ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ᖺ㱋㝵⣭ 㻝㻤䠉㻝㻥ṓ 㻞㻜䠉㻞㻥ṓ 㻟㻜䠉㻟㻥ṓ 㻠㻜䠉㻠㻥ṓ ྜィ ⏨ᛶ 㻹㼣㼕㼞㼕 㻔㻝㻞ୡᖏ㻕 㻝 㻜 㻡 㻟 㻥 㻾㼡㼗㼍㼞㼍 㻔㻝㻥ୡᖏ㻕 㻝 㻟 㻠 㻞 㻝㻜 ィ 㻔㻟㻝ୡᖏ㻕 㻞 㻟 㻥 㻡 㻝㻥 㻾㼡㼗㼍㼞㼍 㻔㻝㻥ୡᖏ㻕 㻠 㻤 㻢 㻢 㻞㻠 ዪᛶ 㻹㼣㼕㼞㼕 㻔㻝㻞ୡᖏ㻕 㻝 㻠 㻣 㻞 㻝㻠 ィ 㻔㻟㻝ୡᖏ㻕 㻡 㻝㻞 㻝㻟 㻤 㻟㻤 ࠙⾲ 1ࠚᛶ࣭ᖺ㱋㝵⣭ูᑐ㇟⪅ᩘ ㄪᰝෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ (1) ㌟యィ ᣢཧࡋࡓィ ჾࡼࡾࠊㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡢ㌟㛗య㔜ࢆᐇ ࡋࡓࠋ㌟㛗య㔜ࡽ BMI ࢆ⟬ ฟࡋࠊBMI18.5 ᮍ‶ࠊBMI18.5 ௨ୖ 30.0 ᮍ‶ࠊBMI30.0 ௨ୖࡢ 3 ⩌ศࡅࠊୡ⏺ಖᶵ 㛵࡛ᐃࡵࡓ⫧‶ุᐃᇶ‽್࡞ࡽ࠸ BMI18.5 ᮍ‶ࢆ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ḞஈࠊBMI30.0 ௨ୖࢆ ⫧‶ᐃ⩏ࡋࠊ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅⫧‶⪅ࡢྜࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓᚋࠊࡑࡢྜࢆ⏨ዪ㛫࡛ ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ (2) 18 ရ┠ࡢ㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ 㣗≀ࡢࢡࢭࢫࡣࠊ㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡼࡾホ౯ࡋࡓࠋㄪᰝᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㐣ཤ 3 ᅇᐇ ࡋࡓ㣗ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝᇶ࡙࠸࡚㑅ᐃࡋࡓ㣗ရࡸᩱ⌮ࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࢆࠊ㏻ヂࢆࡋࡓ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾ ㄪᰝࡼࡗ࡚ᢕᥱࡋࡓࠋ㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ⚊㸦㈨ᩱῧ㸧ࡣ 5 ࢝ࢸࢦࣜࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࠊ18 ရ┠ࡢ㣗ရࡸᩱ⌮ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄪᰝᆅᇦࡢᆺⓗ࡞㣗ࡋ࡚㢖⦾㣗ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ ࡢ 11 ရ┠ 1 㸦Porridge㸦2 ✀㸧ࠊAgatogo㸦2 ✀㸧ࠊSoup/Sauce㸦3 ✀㸧ࠊBoiled banana/potatoࠊ 1 Porridge ࡣࢺ࢘ࣔࣟࢥࢩ⢊࡞ࢆ࠾ࠊࡺ࠾ࡓ࠸⁐࡛Agatogo ࡣ㟷ࣂࢼࢼࡸⰞࠊ㔝⳯ࢆ ୍⥴↻㎸ࢇࡔ↻≀ࠊUbugari ࡣ࢟ࣕࢵࢧࣂ⢊ࢆỈ↻㎸ࡳࠊ㣰≧࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡇࡡࡓࡶࡢࠊ Umutsima ࡣࢺ࢘ࣔࣟࢥࢩ⢊ࢆ Ubugari ྠᵝࠊỈ↻㎸ࡳ㣰≧࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡇࡡࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 23 23 RiceࠊUbugariࠊUmutsima㸧ࡸࠊႚ㣗㢖ᗘࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢᰤ㣴౯ࡀ㧗ࡃࠊᦤྲྀࡀ᥎ዡࡉࢀࡿ ࡶࡢ 2 ရ┠㸦EggࠊMilk㸧ࠊ⌧㔠࡛㉎ධࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⤒῭≧ែࡼࡾᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘᕪ ࡀ࡛ࡸࡍ࠸ࡶࡢ 2 ရ┠ 2 㸦MandaziࠊCommercial beverage㸧ࠊ♫࣭ᩥⓗ࡞㢼⩦ࡼࡾ⏨ ዪ㛫࡛ᕪࡀ࡛ࡸࡍ࠸ࡶࡢ 1 ရ┠ 3㸦Sorghum alcohol㸧ࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᦤྲྀᐤࡍࡿࡶࡢ 2 ရ┠㸦Sweet bananaࠊAvocado㸧ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㣗ရࡸᩱ⌮ࡢ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞㢖ᗘࢆࠕ1 ᪥ 3 ᅇ௨ୖ㣗ࡿࠖࡽࠕࡲࡗࡓࡃ㣗࡞࠸ࠖࡲ࡛ࡢ 9 ẁ㝵࡛ᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ ㄪᰝᚋࠊᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡢศᕸࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ9 ࡘࡢ㢖ᗘ࢝ࢸࢦࣜࡢ࠺ࡕࠕ1 ᪥ 3 ᅇ௨ୖ 㣗ࡿࠖࡽࠕ1 㐌㛫 1 ᅇ㣗ࡿࠖࡲ࡛ࢆࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖࡋࠊࠕ1 ᭶ 2㸫3 ᅇ㣗ࡿࠖ ࡽࠕࡲࡗࡓࡃ㣗࡞࠸ࠖࡲ࡛ࢆࠕᑡ࡞࠸⩌ࠖࡢ 2 ⩌ࡋࠊࡑࡢྜࢆ⏨ዪ㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ ࠊᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࢆ 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾࡢᦤྲྀᅇᩘ⟬ࡋ㸦⾲ 2㸧ࠊ⏨ዪ㛫࡛ᦤྲྀᅇᩘࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘ 18 ရ┠ࡢྛ㣗ရࡸᩱ⌮ࡢ⏨ዪู 1 ᅇ࠶ࡓࡾࡢᖹᆒᦤྲྀ㔞㸦࣏࣮ࢩࣙ ࣥࢧࢬ㸧୰ࡢᰤ㣴⣲➼ྵ᭷㔞ࢆࡌࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ⩦័ⓗ࡞ᦤྲྀ㔞ࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸦࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭ ࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁࣭࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࣭࢘㕲࣭ࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ㸿㸧ࠊࡑࢀࢆୡ⏺ಖᶵ㛵㸦௨ୗࠊWHO㸧ཬࡧᅜ 㐃㣗⣊㎰ᴗᶵ㛵㸦௨ୗࠊFAO㸧ࠊᅜ㝿㐃ྜᏛ㸦௨ୗࠊUNU㸧ࡀⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᚲせ㔞㸦ࡓ ࢇࡥࡃ㉁࣭࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࣭࢘ࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ㸿㸧⡿ᅜ་Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㸦௨ୗࠊIOM㸧ࡀⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᚲ せ㔞㸦㕲㸧ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ㸦WHO/FAO/UNU[2007]ࠊFAO/WHO[2001]ࠊIOM[2001]㸧ࠋ 㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ䛻䛚䛡䜛 ᪥ᖖⓗ䛺ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘ䛾䜹䝔䝂䝸 ィ㻌⟬㻌ᘧ 䠄ᦤྲྀᅇᩘ㾂᪥ᩘ䠅 㻟㻌㾂㻌㻝㻌䠙㻌㻟 㻞㻌㾂㻌㻝㻌䠙㻌㻞 㻝㻌㾂㻌㻝㻌䠙㻌㻝 䚷㻡㻚㻡㻌㾂㻌㻣㻌䠙㻌㻜㻚㻣㻤 䚷䚷㻟㻌㾂㻌㻣㻌䠙㻌㻜㻚㻠㻞 䚷䚷㻝㻌㾂㻌㻣㻌䠙㻌㻜㻚㻝㻠 䚷㻞㻚㻡㻌㾂㻌㻟㻜㻌䠙㻌㻜㻚㻜㻤㻟 䚷䚷㻝㻌㾂㻌㻟㻜㻌䠙㻌㻜㻚㻜㻟㻟 㻌䚷䚷䚷㻌㻹㼛㼞㼑㻌㼠㼔㼍㼚㻌㻟㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㼟㻌㻛㻌㼐㼍㼥 㻞㻌㻔㼠㼣㼕㼏㼑㻕㻌㻛㻌㼐㼍㼥 㻝㻌㻔㼛㼚㼏㼑㻕㻌㻛㻌㼐㼍㼥 㻡㻙㻢㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㼟㻌㻛㻌㼣㼑㼑㼗 㻞㻙㻠㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㼟㻌㻛㻌㼣㼑㼑㼗 㻌㻝㻌㻔㼛㼚㼏㼑㻕㻌㻛㻌㼣㼑㼑㼗 㻌㻞㻙㻟㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㼟㻌㻛㻌㼙㼛㼚㼠㼔 㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻝㻔㼛㼚㼏㼑㻕㻌㻛㻌㼙㼛㼚㼠㼔㻌㼛㼞㻌㼘㼑㼟㼟 㻺㼑㼢㼑㼞 䠍᪥䛒䛯䜚䛾 ᦤྲྀᅇᩘ 㻟 㻞 㻝 㻜㻚㻤 㻜㻚㻠 㻜㻚㻝 㻜㻚㻜㻤 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜 ࠙⾲ 2ࠚ㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ࠾ࡅࡿ 9 ࡘࡢᦤྲྀ࢝ࢸࢦࣜࢆ 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾࡢᦤྲྀᅇᩘ⟬ 6. ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ (1) ㌟యィ ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅㸦BMI㸺18.5㸧ࡢேᩘࡣ⏨ᛶ 1 ே㸦5.3%㸧ࠊዪᛶ 1 ே㸦2.6%㸧ࡔ ࡗࡓࠋ⫧‶⪅㸦BMIӍ30㸧ࡢேᩘࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡣ 0 ே㸦0%㸧ࠊዪᛶࡣ 3 ே㸦7.9%㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅ࠊ⫧‶⪅ࡶ⏨ዪ㛫᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣฟ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ BMI18.5 ௨ୖ 30 ᮍ‶୰࡛ࡶᶆ‽య㔜࡛࠶ࡿ BMI18.5 ௨ୖ 25.0 ᮍ‶ࡢྜࡀࠊ⏨ᛶࡣ 89.5%ࠊዪᛶࡣ 60.0%ࠊ㐣య㔜࡛࠶ࡿ BMI25.0 ௨ୖ 30.0 ᮍ‶ࡢྜࡀࠊ⏨ᛶࡣ 5.3%࡛ዪᛶࡣ 28.9%࡛࠶ ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 1㸧ࠋ 2 Mandazi ࡣᥭࡆࣃࣥࠊCommercial beverage ࡣࢥ࣮ࣛࡸࣇࣥࢱ࡞ࡢⅣ㓟㣧ᩱ࡛ࠊ㟢 ᗑ࡛㈍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 3 Sorghum alcohol ࡣࠊࢯ࣒ࣝ࢞ࢆⓎ㓝ࡉࡏ࡚సࡗࡓࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ㣧ᩱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 24 24 ៏ᛶ䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊Ḟஈ䠄㻮㻹㻵㻨㻝㻤㻚㻡䠅 ⫧‶䠄㻮㻹㻵䍻㻟㻜䠅 ⏨ᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻝㻥㻕 ேᩘ 㻔䠂㻕 㻝 㻔㻡㻚㻟㻕 㻜 㻔㻜㻚㻜㻕 ዪᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻟㻤㻕 ேᩘ 㻔䠂㻕 㻝 㻔㻞㻚㻢㻕 㻟 㻔㻣㻚㻥㻕 䝣䜱䝑䝅䝱䞊䛾┤᥋☜⋡᳨ᐃ 㼜್ 㻜㻚㻡㻢㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻤㻤 ࠙⾲ 3ࠚ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅⫧‶⪅ࡢ⏨ዪูྜ ࠙ᅗ 1ࠚBMI4 ⩌࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪูྜ (2) 18 ရ┠ࡢ㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ ձᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖࠕᑡ࡞࠸⩌ࠖࡢ 2 ⩌࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪẚ㍑ ㄪᰝᆅᇦࡢᆺⓗ࡞㣗ࡋ࡚㢖⦾㣗ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ Porridge㸦2 ✀㸧ࠊAgatogo㸦2 ✀㸧ࠊ Soup/Sauce㸦3 ✀㸧ࠊBoiled banana/potatoࠊRiceࠊUbugariࠊUmutsima ࡛ࡣࠊࡢ㣗ရ࠾࠸ ࡚ࡶ⏨ዪ㛫ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡢ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ2 ✀㢮ࡢ Agatogo ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࢆከ ࡃྵࡴࡇࡽᦤྲྀࡀ᥎ዡࡉࢀࡿ Agatogo with animal food or beans ࡣࠊ⏨ዪඹᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘ ࡀ᭶ 2㸫3 ᅇ௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡿࠕᑡ࡞࠸⩌ࠖࡢ᪉ࡀከࡃࠊࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ྵ᭷㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ Agatogo without animal food and beans ࡢ᪉ࡀࠊ1 㐌㛫 1 ᅇ௨ୖ㣗ࡿࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖࡢྜࡀ㧗ࡃࠊ 㢖⦾㣗ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ3 ✀㢮ࡢ Soup/Sauce ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊື≀ᛶࡢ Ⰻ㉁࡞ࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ Soup/Sauce with animal food ᳜≀ᛶࡢࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࡀྵࡲࢀ ࡿ Soup/Sauce with beans ࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ྵ᭷㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ Soup/Sauce without animal food and beans ࡛ࡣࠊ᳜≀ᛶࡢࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ Soup/Sauce with beans ࡀ⏨ዪࡶ᭱ࡶከࡃ㣗 ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢᰤ㣴౯ࡀ㧗ࡃࠊᦤྲྀࡀ᥎ዡࡉࢀࡿ EggࠊMilk ࡢ 2 ရ┠࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ⏨ዪ㛫᭷ពᕪࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊEgg ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᦤ ྲྀࡀ᥎ዡࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ⏨ዪࡶࠕᑡ࡞࠸⩌ࠖࡀ 8 ࢆ㉸࠼ࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ㣗ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡞࠸㣗ရ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ⌧㔠࡛㉎ධࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⤒῭≧ែࡼࡾᦤྲྀ㢖 ᗘᕪࡀ࡛ࡸࡍ࠸ MandaziࠊCommercial beverage ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⏨ዪ㛫࡛᭷ពᕪࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ⏨ዪඹ MandaziࠊCommercial beverage ࡣࠊ ࠕᑡ࡞࠸⩌ࠖࡀ 8 ㏆ࡃ࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀ ࡽࡢႴዲရࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㣗ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ♫࣭ᩥⓗ࡞㢼⩦ࡼࡾ⏨ዪ㛫 ࡛ᕪࡀ࡛ࡸࡍ࠸ Sorghum alcohol ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡢࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖࡀ 63.3%ࠊዪᛶࡢࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖ ࡀ 18.4%࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶẚ࡚᭷ពᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗ࡗࡓ㸦p<0.01㸧ࠋ࢚ࢿࣝ 25 25 ࢠ࣮ᦤྲྀᐤࡍࡿ Sweet banana Avocado ࡛ࡣࠊAvocado ࠾࠸࡚⏨ᛶࡢࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖ ࡀ 73.7%ࠊዪᛶࡢࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖࡣ 44.7%࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶẚ࡚ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀ᭷ព 㧗ࡗࡓ㸦p<0.01㸧㸦⾲ 4㸧ࠋ 㣗䚷ရ 㻼㼛㼞㼞㼕㼐㼓㼑㻌㼙㼍㼕㼦㼑㻌㼒㼘㼛㼡㼞 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻼㼛㼞㼞㼕㼐㼓㼑㻌㼙㼕㼤㼑㼐㻌㼒㼘㼛㼡㼞 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻭㼓㼍㼠㼛㼓㼛㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐㻌㼛㼞㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻭㼓㼍㼠㼛㼓㼛㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㼛㼡㼠㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻿㼛㼡㼜㻛㻿㼍㼡㼏㼑㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻿㼛㼡㼜㻛㻿㼍㼡㼏㼑㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻿㼛㼡㼜㻛㻿㼍㼡㼏㼑㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㼛㼡㼠㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻮㼛㼕㼘㼑㼐㻌㼎㼍㼚㼍㼚㼍㻛㼜㼛㼠㼍㼠㼛 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻾㼕㼏㼑 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㼁㼎㼡㼓㼍㼞㼕 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㼁㼙㼡㼠㼟㼕㼙㼍 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻱㼓㼓 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻹㼕㼘㼗㻛㼀㼑㼍㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼙㼕㼘㼗㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼟㼡㼓㼍㼞 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻹㼍㼚㼐㼍㼦㼕 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻯㼛㼙㼙㼑㼞㼏㼕㼍㼘㻌㼎㼑㼢㼑㼞㼍㼓㼑 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻿㼛㼞㼓㼡㼙㻌㼍㼘㼏㼛㼔㼛㼘㻌 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻿㼣㼑㼑㼠㻌㼎㼍㼚㼍㼚㼍 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ 㻭㼢㼛㼏㼍㼐㼛 ከ䛔⩌ ᑡ䛺䛔⩌ ⏨ᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻝㻥㻕 ேᩘ 㻔䠂㻕 ዪᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻟㻥㻕 ேᩘ 㻔䠂㻕 䝢䜰䝋䞁䛾䃦㻞᳨ᐃ 㼜್ 㻥 㻝㻜 㻔㻠㻣㻚㻠㻕 㻔㻡㻞㻚㻢㻕 㻝㻢 㻞㻞 㻔㻠㻞㻚㻝㻕 㻔㻡㻣㻚㻥㻕 㻜㻚㻣㻜㻢 㻤 㻝㻝 㻔㻠㻞㻚㻝㻕 㻔㻡㻣㻚㻥㻕 㻞㻢 㻝㻞 㻔㻢㻤㻚㻠㻕 㻔㻟㻝㻚㻢㻕 㻜㻚㻜㻡㻢 㻥 㻝㻜 㻔㻠㻣㻚㻠㻕 㻔㻡㻞㻚㻢㻕 㻝㻞 㻞㻢 㻔㻟㻝㻚㻢㻕 㻔㻢㻤㻚㻠㻕 㻜㻚㻞㻠㻠 㻝㻢 㻟 㻔㻤㻠㻚㻞㻕 㻔㻝㻡㻚㻤㻕 㻟㻜 㻤 㻔㻣㻤㻚㻥㻕 㻔㻞㻝㻚㻝㻕 㻜㻚㻣㻟㻡 㼍 㻥 㻝㻜 㻔㻠㻣㻚㻠㻕 㻔㻡㻞㻚㻢㻕 㻥 㻞㻥 㻔㻞㻟㻚㻣㻕 㻔㻣㻢㻚㻟㻕 㻜㻚㻜㻣㻜 㻝㻤 㻝 㻔㻥㻠㻚㻣㻕 㻔㻡㻚㻟㻕 㻟㻤 㻜 㻔㻝㻜㻜㻚㻜㻕 㻔㻜㻚㻜㻕 㻜㻚㻟㻟㻟 㻝㻝 㻤 㻔㻡㻣㻚㻥㻕 㻔㻠㻞㻚㻝㻕 㻝㻡 㻞㻟 㻔㻟㻥㻚㻡㻕 㻔㻢㻜㻚㻡㻕 㻜㻚㻝㻤㻤 㻝㻣 㻞 㻔㻤㻥㻚㻡㻕 㻔㻝㻜㻚㻡㻕 㻟㻝 㻣 㻔㻤㻝㻚㻢㻕 㻔㻝㻤㻚㻠㻕 㻜㻚㻣㻜㻟 㻣 㻝㻞 㻔㻟㻢㻚㻤㻕 㻔㻢㻟㻚㻞㻕 㻝㻢 㻞㻞 㻔㻠㻞㻚㻝㻕 㻔㻡㻣㻚㻥㻕 㻜㻚㻣㻜㻟 㻝㻠 㻡 㻔㻣㻟㻚㻣㻕 㻔㻞㻢㻚㻟㻕 㻞㻥 㻥 㻔㻣㻢㻚㻟㻕 㻔㻞㻟㻚㻣㻕 㻝㻚㻜㻜㻜 㼍 㻣 㻝㻞 㻔㻟㻢㻚㻤㻕 㻔㻢㻟㻚㻞㻕 㻝㻢 㻞㻞 㻔㻠㻞㻚㻝㻕 㻔㻡㻣㻚㻥㻕 㻜㻚㻣㻜㻟 㻟 㻝㻢 㻔㻝㻡㻚㻤㻕 㻔㻤㻠㻚㻞㻕 㻡 㻟㻟 㻔㻝㻟㻚㻞㻕 㻔㻤㻢㻚㻤㻕 㻜㻚㻡㻠㻠 㻝㻝 㻤 㻔㻡㻣㻚㻥㻕 㻔㻠㻞㻚㻝㻕 㻞㻝 㻝㻣 㻔㻡㻡㻚㻟㻕 㻔㻠㻠㻚㻣㻕 㻜㻚㻤㻡㻜 㻠 㻝㻡 㻔㻞㻝㻚㻝㻕 㻔㻣㻤㻚㻥㻕 㻥 㻞㻥 㻔㻞㻟㻚㻣㻕 㻔㻣㻢㻚㻟㻕 㻜㻚㻡㻡㻞 㼍 㻟 㻝㻢 㻔㻝㻡㻚㻤㻕 㻔㻤㻠㻚㻞㻕 㻠 㻟㻠 㻔㻝㻜㻚㻡㻕 㻔㻤㻥㻚㻡㻕 㻜㻚㻠㻞㻥 㻝㻞 㻣 㻔㻢㻟㻚㻞㻕 㻔㻟㻢㻚㻤㻕 㻣 㻟㻝 㻔㻝㻤㻚㻠㻕 㻔㻤㻝㻚㻢㻕 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝 㻡 㻝㻠 㻔㻞㻢㻚㻟㻕 㻔㻣㻟㻚㻣㻕 㻝㻜 㻞㻤 㻔㻞㻢㻚㻟㻕 㻔㻣㻟㻚㻣㻕 㻜㻚㻢㻟㻝 㼍 㻝㻠 㻡 㻔㻣㻟㻚㻣㻕 㻔㻞㻢㻚㻟㻕 㻝㻣 㻞㻝 㻔㻠㻠㻚㻣㻕 㻔㻡㻡㻚㻟㻕 㻜㻚㻜㻟㻥 㼍䝣䜱䝑䝅䝱䞊䛾┤᥋☜⋡᳨ᐃ ࠙⾲ 4ࠚࠕከ࠸⩌ࠖࠕᑡ࡞࠸⩌ࠖࡢ 2 ⩌࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ዪ㛫ࡢẚ㍑ 26 26 㼍 㼍 㼍 㼍 ղ18 ရ┠ࡢ 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾࡢᦤྲྀᅇᩘࡢ⏨ዪẚ㍑ ㄪᰝᆅᇦࡢᆺⓗ࡞㣗ࡋ࡚㢖⦾㣗ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 11 ရ┠୰ࠊSoup/Sauce with beans ࡢ 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾࡢᦤྲྀᅇᩘࡀዪᛶࡣ 0.7 ࡽ 1.0 ᅇ㸦1 㐌㛫 5㸫6 ᅇࡽ 1 ᪥ 1 ᅇ㣗ࡿ㸧 ᑐࡋࠊ⏨ᛶࡣ 0.4 ࡽ 0.8 ᅇ㸦1 㐌㛫 2㸫4 ᅇࡽ 1 㐌㛫 5㸫6 ᅇ㣗ࡿ㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ᛶẚ࡚ᦤྲྀᅇᩘࡀ᭷ពከࡗࡓ㸦p<0.01㸧ࠋᑐ Sorghum alcohol ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡣ 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾ 0 ᅇࡽ 0.8 ᅇ㸦ࡲࡗࡓࡃ㣧ࡲ࡞࠸ࡽ 1 㐌㛫 1 ᅇ㣧ࡴ㸧 ࡛࠶ࡿࡢᑐࡋࠊዪᛶࡣ 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾ 0 ᅇࡽ 0.0075 ᅇ㸦ࡲࡗࡓࡃ㣧ࡲ࡞࠸ࡽ 1 ᭶ 1 ᅇ௨ୗࡋ㣧ࡲ࡞࠸㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶẚ࡚ࠊᦤྲྀᅇᩘࡀ᭷ពከࡗࡓ 㸦p<0.01㸧ࠋࡑࡢ 15 ရ┠࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾࡢᦤྲྀᅇᩘ࠾࠸࡚⏨ዪ㛫᭷ពᕪࡣ ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 5㸧ࠋ 㣗䚷ရ ⏨ᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻝㻥㻕 ୰ኸ್ 㻼㼛㼞㼞㼕㼐㼓㼑㻌㼙㼍㼕㼦㼑㻌㼒㼘㼛㼡㼞 㻜㻚㻜㻤 㻼㼛㼞㼞㼕㼐㼓㼑㻌㼙㼕㼤㼑㼐㻌㼒㼘㼛㼡㼞 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻭㼓㼍㼠㼛㼓㼛㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㼛㼡㼠㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟 㻜㻚㻜㻤 㻭㼓㼍㼠㼛㼓㼛㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻿㼛㼡㼜㻛㻿㼍㼡㼏㼑㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐 㻜㻚㻜㻤 㻿㼛㼡㼜㻛㻿㼍㼡㼏㼑㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟 㻜㻚㻤㻜 㻿㼛㼡㼜㻛㻿㼍㼡㼏㼑㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㼛㼡㼠㻌㼍㼚㼕㼙㼍㼘㻌㼒㼛㼛㼐㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼎㼑㼍㼚㼟 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻮㼛㼕㼘㼑㼐㻌㼎㼍㼚㼍㼚㼍㻛㼜㼛㼠㼍㼠㼛 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻾㼕㼏㼑 㻜㻚㻜㻤 㼁㼎㼡㼓㼍㼞㼕㻌㻔㼏㼍㼟㼟㼍㼢㼍㻕 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㼁㼙㼡㼠㼟㼕㼙㼍㻌㻔㼙㼍㼕㼦㼑㻕 㻜㻚㻜㻤 㻱㼓㼓 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻹㼕㼘㼗㻌㼀㼑㼍㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼙㼕㼘㼗㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼟㼡㼓㼍㼞 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻹㼍㼚㼐㼍㼦㼕 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻯㼛㼙㼙㼑㼞㼏㼕㼍㼘㻌㼎㼑㼢㼑㼞㼍㼓㼑 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻿㼛㼞㼓㼡㼙㻌㼍㼘㼏㼛㼔㼛㼘 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻿㼣㼑㼑㼠㻌㼎㼍㼚㼍㼚㼍 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻭㼢㼛㼏㼍㼐㼛 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻞㻡䢆䢛䡬䡺䢙䡼䡮䢕್ 㻣㻡䢆䢛䡬䡺䢙䡼䡮䢕್ 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻤㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻤㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻤㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻤 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻤 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻤 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻤㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻠㻜 ዪᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻟㻤㻕 ୰ኸ್ 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻤㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻢 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻤 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻤 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻜㻤 㻹㼍㼚㼚㻙㼃㼔㼕㼠㼚㼑㼥䛾㼁 㻞㻡䢆䢛䡬䡺䢙䡼䡮䢕್ ᳨ᐃ 㻣㻡䢆䢛䡬䡺䢙䡼䡮䢕್ 㻼್ 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻤㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻜㻥 㻜㻚㻣㻜 㻝㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻤㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻥 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻝 㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻠㻡㻣 㻜㻚㻝㻢㻝 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻤 㻜㻚㻝㻤㻝 㻜㻚㻜㻥㻟 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻤 㻜㻚㻜㻡㻝 㻜㻚㻠㻞㻟 㻜㻚㻠㻠㻡 㻜㻚㻤㻝㻠 㻜㻚㻣㻝㻠 㻜㻚㻠㻠㻟 㻜㻚㻢㻟㻡 㻜㻚㻤㻝㻟 㻜㻚㻡㻣㻤 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻞 㻝㻚㻜㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻜㻥 ࠙⾲ 5ࠚFFQ18 ရ┠ࡢ 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾࡢᦤྲྀᅇᩘࡢ⏨ዪ㛫࡛ࡢẚ㍑ ճᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞ᚲせ㔞ࡢẚ㍑ ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࠊࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࠊࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ Aࠊ㕲ࠊ࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘ࡢ 5 ࡘࡢᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞ࢆ⏨ዪู ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࠊࡢᰤ㣴⣲࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶẚከࡃᦤྲྀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ 27 27 ࣮ࡢᚲせ㔞ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᑐ㇟⪅ಶேࡢ BMI ุ࡛ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᚲせ㔞ࡢẚ㍑ ࡣ⾜ࢃ࡞࠸ࠋ⏨ᛶࡣ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀ 1,472kcal ࡛ࠊ18.5ӌBMI㸺25.0 ࡢヱᙜ⪅ࡀ᭱ࡶ ከࡃయࡢ 89.5%ࡔࡗࡓࠋዪᛶ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀ 866kcal ࡛ࠊయࡢ 60.0% ࡀ 18.5ӌBMI㸺25.0 ヱᙜࡋࡓࡀࠊBMIӍ25.0 ࡣ 36.8%ࡔࡗࡓࠋࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࠊࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ Aࠊ㕲ࠊ࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢᰤ㣴⣲࠾࠸࡚ UNU/WHO/FAO IOM ࡀⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᚲせ 㔞ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊࡍ࡚ࡢᰤ㣴⣲ᑐࡋ࡚㊊⪅ࡢྜࡣዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ᛶẚ࡚㧗 ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 6㸧ࠋ ⏨ᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻝㻥㻕 ዪᛶ㻌㻔㼚㻩㻟㻤㻕 ᖹᆒᦤྲྀ㔞㻌㼼㻌ᶆ‽೫ᕪ ᰤ㻌㣴㻌⣲ 䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊 䛯䜣䜁䛟㉁ 䝡䝍䝭䞁㻭 㻔㼗㼏㼍㼘㻕 㻔㼓㻕 㻔㽀㼓㻾㻱㻕 㕲 䜹䝹䝅䜴䝮 㻔㼙㼓㻕 㻔㼙㼓㻕 㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻝㻠㻣㻞㻌㼼㻌㻣㻤㻡 㻟㻝㻚㻟㻌㼼㻌㻝㻢㻚㻢 㻟㻢㻤㻌㼼㻌㻞㻜㻤 㻤㻢㻢㻌㼼㻌㻢㻢㻢 㻝㻥㻚㻟㻌㼼㻌㻝㻡㻚㻜 㻞㻜㻤㻌㼼㻌㻝㻟㻠 㻤㻚㻥㻌㼼㻌㻡㻚㻠 㻠㻚㻤㻌㼼㻌㻠㻚㻝 㻞㻤㻜㻌㼼㻌㻝㻞㻠 㻞㻜㻡㻌㼼㻌㻝㻡㻠 ᚲせ㔞䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㊊⪅䛾ྜ㻔㻑㻕 䛯䜣䜁䛟㉁㻌㻔⏨ᛶ䠙㻠㻜㻚㻜㼓䚸ዪᛶ䠙㻟㻤㻚㻟㼓㻕 䝡䝍䝭䞁㻭 㻌㻔⏨ᛶ䠙㻟㻜㻜㽀㼓㻾㻱䚸ዪᛶ䠙㻞㻣㻜㽀㼓㻾㻱㻕 㻣㻟㻚㻣 㻟㻢㻚㻤 㻥㻞㻚㻝 㻣㻟㻚㻣 㕲㻌㻔⏨ᛶ䠙㻢㻚㻜㼙㼓䚸ዪᛶ䠙㻤㻚㻝㼙㼓㻕 䜹䝹䝅䜴䝮㻌㻔⏨ᛶ䚸ዪᛶ䠙㻤㻠㻜㼙㼓㻕 㻠㻞㻚㻝 㻤㻢㻚㻤 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜 ࠙⾲ 6ࠚᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞ᚲせ㔞ࡢẚ㍑ ࠙┿ 1ࠚFFQ ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊ ࠙┿ 2ࠚPorridge ࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊ 7. ⪃ᐹ Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢከࡃࡢᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ௨๓ࡽ៏ᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅ࡢྜࡀ㧗࠸ࡇࡀၥ㢟 ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ⫧‶⪅ࡢྜࡶ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊపᰤ㣴㐣ᰤ㣴ࡢၥ㢟ࡀ ྠᏑᅾࡍࡿࠕᰤ㣴ኻㄪࡢ㔜ⱞ㸦double burden of malnutrition㸧ࠖࢆᢪ࠼ࡿᅜࡀከࡃࡳ ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࣝ࣡ࣥࢲᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦࡢேࠎ࠾ࡅࡿ㌟య ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࡽࠊBMI18.5 ᮍ‶࡛࠶ࡿ៏ᛶ࢚ ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Ḟஈ⪅ࠊBMI30.0 ௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡿ⫧‶⪅ࡢྜࡣ⏨ዪඹᑡ࡞ࡃࠊ⏨ዪᕪࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞ ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊBMI18.5 ௨ୖ 30.0 ᮍ‶ࡢ୰࡛ࡶࠊ㐣య㔜ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ BMI25.0 ௨ୖ 30.0 ᮍ‶ࡢྜࡀ⏨ᛶ࡛ࡣ 5.3%ࠊዪᛶ࡛ࡣ 28.9%࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣝ࣡ࣥࢲᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦ࡛ ࡣࡩࡃࡼ࡞ዪᛶࡀከ࠸ࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ㏵ୖᅜ࠾࠸࡚⫧‶⪅ࡸ㐣య㔜⪅ࡢቑຍࠊ≉ 28 28 ዪᛶࡢ⫧‶⪅ࡀ⏨ᛶẚ࡚ከࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ㏆ᖺሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࣝ࣡ࣥࢲ ᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢ⌧㇟ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 18 ရ┠ࡢ㣗≀ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ⚊ࢆࡗࡓ㣗ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊSorgum alcohol ࡸ Avocado ࠾࠸ ࡚ࠊ⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶẚ࡚᭷ពከࡃᦤྲྀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ㢮࠾ ࠸࡚ࡣࠊዪᛶࡢ㣧㓇ࢆ⚗Ṇࡍࡿ♫ࡸᩥࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡞⏨ዪᕪࡀฟࡸࡍ࠸㣗ရ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ㏵ୖᅜࡢከࡃࡢᐙᗞ࡛ࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡀᐙィᨭฟࡢ࠸㐨㛵ࡍࡿỴᐃᶒࢆᥱࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᐙ ᗞࡀከࡃࠊ⌧㔠࡛㉎ධࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㣗ရࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡢᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀዪᛶẚከࡃ࡞ ࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋSorgum alcohol ࡣࠊ⌧㔠࡛㉎ධࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶẚ ࠊᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸㣗ရ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣝ࣡ࣥࢲࡢᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦ࡛ࡶࠊ♫࣭ᩥⓗ⫼ ᬒࡼࡾዪᛶࡣ࠾㓇ࢆ㣧ࡲ࡞࠸ཪࡣ⏨ᛶẚ㣧ࡴ㢖ᗘࡀᑡ࡞࠸⩦័ࡀ࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡲ ࡓ Mandazi ࡸ Commercial beverage ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ᭷ព࡞ᕪ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ⏨ᛶࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘ ࡀዪᛶẚከࡃࠊ⌧㔠࡛㉎ධࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㣗ရࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ ࡿഴྥࡀఛ࠼ࡓࠋ Avocado ࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀ⏨ᛶࡣዪᛶẚ᭷ព㧗ࡗࡓࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊAvocado ࡣᐙᗞ ෆ࡛᱂ᇵࡋࠊ⮬ᐙᾘ㈝ࡍࡿ㣗ရ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᕷሙ࠾࠸࡚⌧㔠࡛㉎ධࡍࡿሙྜࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ ࡓࡵࠊ⏨ᛶࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀዪᛶࡼࡾ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᆺⓗ࡞㣗ࡋ࡚㢖⦾㣗ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 11 ရ┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⏨ዪࡢ㛫 ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡢᕪࡀࢇࡢ㡯┠࠾࠸࡚ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢせᅉࡋ࡚ࡣࠊྠࡌᐙᗞ ෆ࡛ྠࡌᩱ⌮ࢆ㣗࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⏨ዪ㛫࡛ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘᕪࡀฟ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࢃ ࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊእⓗ Soup/Sauce with beans ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊዪᛶࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀ⏨ᛶẚ 㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢせᅉࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᚋࡉࡽ᳨ウࡀᚲせࡔᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࠊࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࠊࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ Aࠊ㕲ࠊ࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘ࡢ 5 ࡘࡢᰤ㣴⣲ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࡍ࡚ࡢᰤ㣴⣲㛵ࡋ࡚⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀዪᛶẚ࡚ከࡃᦤྲྀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣࠊ⏨ᛶዪᛶ࡛ࡣ୍ᅇ࠶ࡓࡾ㣗ࡿ㔞㸦࣏࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢧࢬ㸧ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ୍ ᅇ࠶ࡓࡾࡢᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀከ࠸⏨ᛶࡣࠊᚲ↛ⓗᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞ࡶዪᛶẚ࡚㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࡔ ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ18 ရ┠ࡢ㣗ရࡸᩱ⌮ࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘㄪᰝ࡛ࠊዪᛶẚ࡚⏨ᛶࡣࠊ ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᐤ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ Avocado ࡸ Sorgum alcohol ࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࡇࡀศࡾࠊ⏨ᛶ ዪᛶࡢᦤྲྀ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㔞ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࠊ࣏࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢧࢬࡢ㐪࠸ࡢࡶࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ㣗ရࡢ ᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࡼࡿ㐪࠸ࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ┦ᑐⓗࡣࡢ せᅉࡶᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊࡉࡽ᳨ウࡀᚲせࡔᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ 8. ᚋࡢ◊✲ࡢᒎᮃ ㏵ୖᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㈋ᅔࡸపᰤ㣴ࠊ៏ᛶᝈ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝࡀከࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ⣽ ࠸ᰤ㣴⣲ࣞ࣋ࣝࡲ࡛㋃ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔ㣗ㄪᰝࡣࠊከࡃࡢ㛫ࡸࢥࢫࢺࡀࡿ࠸࠺ၥ㢟Ⅼ ࡽ⾜࠺ࡇࡀ㞴ࡋࡃࠊᐇ㝿ࢇ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᅇࡢㄪᰝᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࣝ࣡ࣥࢲࡶ ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᰤ㣴ᦤྲྀࡢᐇែࡣࢇ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࠋᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡛⏝ࡋ ࡓ FFQ ࡣࠊࣝ࣡ࣥࢲᮾ㒊㎰ᮧᆅᇦࡢேࠎࡀࠊ㣗ရࡸᩱ⌮ࡢᦤྲྀ㢖ᗘࢆ⟅࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࠊࡑ ࡢேࡢ⩦័ⓗ࡞ᰤ㣴⣲ᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿ⡆౽࡞ࢶ࣮࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊㄪᰝᑐ ㇟⪅ࡢ⩦័ⓗ࡞ᰤ㣴ᦤྲྀ≧ἣࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᇶࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ 㣗ࡀ᥎ዡࡉࢀࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ㣗ࢆ࠺ᨵၿࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡁ࡞ࠊᆅᇦࡢ᪉ࡢ㣗⏕άᐦ╔ࡋ 29 29 ࡓᰤ㣴ᩍ⫱ࡢᥦゝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 9. ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ ⱥㄒᩥ⊩ Elizabeth Powley [2008], “Rwanda: Women Hold Up Half the Parliament”. FAO/WHO [2001], Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements. IOM [2001], DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES. Rebecca Kanter et al [2012], “Global Gender Disparities in obesity: A Review”, A merican Society for Nutrition 3(4) : pp. 491-498. Robert Black et al [2013], “Maternal and child undernutrion and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries”, The Lancet 382(9890) : pp. 427-451. WHO [2010], World Health Statistics 2010. WHO/FAO/UNU [2007], PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS IN HUMAN NUTRITION. ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ⊩ ᡞ⏣┿⣖Ꮚ [2008]ࠗࣇࣜ࢝ᨻ ⣮த㈋ᅔࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮̿ࢃࡓࡋࡓࡕࡀࣇࣜ࢝ࢆ Ꮫࡪ⌮⏤̿࠘ᚚⲔࣀỈ᭩ᡣ 147-180 㡫ࠋ UNICEF [2006] ୡ⏺Ꮚ౪ⓑ᭩ 2007 16-35 㡫ࠋ 30 30 ῧ㈨ᩱ FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE (FFQ) Household ID㸸 Sex㸸 Male ID㸸 / Date㸸 / August / 2014 Date of birth㸸 Female First name㸸 / / Family name㸸 Height㸸 cm Have you ever attended WVPs? Yes Sector㸸Rukara / Mwiri Age : Researcher’s name㸸 Weight㸸 kg ࣭ No Are there any RC in the HH? ࣭ Yes No For each food item, indicate with a checkmark the category that best describes the frequency with which you usually eat that item. More than Food item 3 2 1 times (twice) (once) /day /day /day 5-6 2-4 1 times times (once) /week /week /week 2-3 1 times (once) /month /month or less Maize flour Porridge Mixed flour Agatogo Soup / Sauce (without potato / banana) With animal food or beans Without animal food and beans With animal food (with / without beans) With beans (without animal food) Without animal food and beans Boiled banana / potato Rice Ubugari (cassava) Umutsima (maize) Egg Milk / tea with milk and sugar Mandazi Commercial beverage Sorghum alcohol Sweet banana Avocado 31 31 Never