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2011年度 - 東京学芸大学
ᖺᗘ ᮾிᏛⱁᏛ ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ᖺ ሗ ࡣࡌࡵ は じ め に Ꮫࡀ㧗ᗘ࡞ᩍ⫱࣭◊✲ࡢᣐⅬ࡞ࡿࡁࡇࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀຍ࠼࡚ᮏᏛࡣࠊᩍဨ࡞ࡽ ࡧᩍ⫱࣐ࣥࢻࢆࡶࡗࡓ㧗ᗘ࡞ேᮦ㣴ᡂ࠸࠺㔜࡞ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡢ㐍ᒎࡼ ࡾࠊከࡃࡢᏛࡀᴗྠᵝᅜ㝿➇தຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢேᮦ☜ಖࡋࡢࡂࢆ๐ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇᮏᏛ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊୡ⏺ⓗど㔝࡛ከᩥ♫ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿேᮦ㣴ᡂࡀ୍ᒙồࡵࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣᮏᏛᏛ⏕ ࡢᾏእయ㦂ࡸᅜ㝿ὶࡢᶵࢆቑࡸࡍࡇࡀ୍ࡘࡢ᪉⟇࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡃᩍ⫱⣔࠾࠸࡚ࡣᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦ࢆ ࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛୖࡢไ⣙ࡀ㠀ᖖࡁ࠸ࠋ ᖺᗘ ࡢᾏእὶ༠ᐃᰯὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡓᮏ ᏛᏛ⏕࣭㝔⏕ࡣ ྡ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࠺ࡕᏛ㒊ᩍ㣴⣔Ꮫ⏕ࡀ ྡ ௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵࠊᩍ⫱⣔ࡣ ྡࠊ㝔⏕ ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽὴ㐵ᩘࡣቑຍഴྥࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊయ༨ࡵࡿྜࡣ࠸ࡲࡔᑡ࡞࠸ࠋᮏᏛࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ ࣝᑐᛂࡋࡓᩍ⫱యไࡣᏛయࡢᅜ㝿ᡓ␎ࡋ࡚ඃඛࡍࡁㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ᮏᏛࡣẖᖺ ྡ๓ᚋࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᮏᏛࡢᅜ㝿ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛ࠊᙼࡽࡢᏑᅾពࢆၥ࠸┤ࡋ࡚ࡳ ࡿࡇࡶ㔜せ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᖺᗘࡣᮏᏛయ࡛ ྡࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦 ᭶Ⅼࠊᕳᮎ㈨ᩱཧ↷㸧ࠊᅜࡢᩍဨ 㣴ᡂ⣔Ꮫࡢ୰࡛ࡣ≉ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢෆヂࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᏛ㝔ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ ྡ␃Ꮫ⏕యࡢ⣙ 㸣ࢆ༨ࡵࠊࡃಟኈㄢ⛬ࡀ ྡ᭱ࡶከࡃࠊ༤ኈㄢ⛬ࡶ ྡࡀᅾ⡠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋฟ㌟ᅜ࣭ᆅᇦ ูࡳࡿࠊ୰ᅜࡀయࡢ⣙ 㸣ࠊ⥆࠸࡚㡑ᅜࡀ⣙ 㸣ࡁ࡞ྜࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋ␃Ꮫ⏕ యࡢฟ㌟ᅜ࣭ᆅᇦࡣ ཬࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊᩥⓗከᵝᛶࡣࡁ࠸ࠋ࡞࡛ࡶࡇࡢከᵝᛶࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕᩍဨ◊ಟ␃Ꮫ⏕㸦௨ୗࠊᩍ◊⏕㸧ࠖ ྡࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࠋࠕᩍဨ◊ಟ␃Ꮫ⏕ࠖไᗘࡣࠊ ᮏᅜ࡛ᩍ⫱࡞࠸ࡋᩍ⫱⾜ᨻࡓࡎࡉࢃࡿ❧ሙ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡀ᪥ᮏࡢᏛࡢᩍဨ㣴ᡂᏛ㒊࡛ ᭶㛫ࡢ◊ಟ ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡢᡂᯝࢆᖐᅜᚋᮏᅜ࡛࠸ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡾࠊᮏไᗘࡀタࡉࢀࡓ ᖺ௨᮶ࠊᮏᏛ࡛ࡣẖᖺ ᩘྡ㹼 ྡᙅࡢᩍ◊⏕ࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᩍ◊⏕ࡣᅾᏛ୰ࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ᑐ㇟⛉┠ ࡸࡑࡢᤵᴗࢆཷㅮࡋࠊ㝃ᒓᏛᰯ࣭ᩍ⫱⾜ᨻᶵ㛵࣭タ➼ࡢཧほ࣭ぢᏛࡸ᪥ᮏᩥయ㦂ࠊ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ ࡢὶάື➼ࡶཧຍࡋࡘࡘࠊᣦᑟᩍဨࡢࡶ࡛ಶே◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᩍ◊⏕ᮏᏛᏛ⏕ࡸᩍဨࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ ᪉ࡣಶࠎࡢ≧ἣࡼࡾ␗࡞ࡿ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊᴫࡡᮏᏛᏛ⏕ࡢ㛵ಀࡣࡉᐦ᥋ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸ࡔࢁ ࠺ࠋྠࠊᮏᏛᏛ⏕࣭ᩍ⫋ဨࡢከࡃࡀᙼࡽࡢᮏᅜࡸᩍ⫱㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑࣭⤒㦂ࡩࢀࡿᶵࡶ㠀ᖖᑡ ࡞࠸ࠋᩍဨ㣴ᡂ࣭ேᮦ㣴ᡂࡢ❧ሙࡽࡶࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌧≧ࡣࠊᮏᏛ㞟࠺ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡘከᵝ࡞ேᮦࢆ࠸ ࡋࡁࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ୍ࡘ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᩍ◊⏕ࡋ࡚ᮏᏛ࡛Ꮫࢇࡔࡢࡕᮏᅜᡠࡗ࡚ᩍ⫱⌧ ሙ࡛ά㌍ࡍࡿேᮦࡀ ྡ௨ୖᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ேⓗ㈨※ࡢࡁࡉࡣࡣࡾࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ␃Ꮫ⏕௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿᮏᏛࡢ㇏࡞ேᮦࢆ࠸ᩍ⫱࣭◊✲ࡑࡋ࡚ᮏᏛࡢᅜ㝿ࡘ࡞ࡆ࡚࠸ࡅࡿ ࡣࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩍ⫱ᦠࢃࡿᮏࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀ୍ᒙពḧⓗྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡁ㔜せㄢ㢟ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶ ᮏࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢ┦⌮ゎ࣭༠ാࢆಁࡍࡃࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ᪥ᮏᩥ◊ಟ⏕ࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒ࡸ▷ᮇ␃Ꮫࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡢඹྠᤵᴗࡸࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࠊࠕᅜ㝿ὶ࢝ࣇ࢙ࠖࡸὶྜᐟ࡞ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᡂᯝࢆ✚ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋὶࢆᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊᮏᏛᏛ⏕ࡢᅜ㝿ὶࡸ␃Ꮫ ⏕ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡣయⓗࡣ㧗࠸ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸⌧≧࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏᏛ࡛Ꮫࡪ␃Ꮫ⏕ࠊᏛၥ◊✲ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ᪥ᮏ♫ࡸ᪥ᮏᩥᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑࣭⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ ࡇࡀࠊᵝࠎ࡞ၥ㢟࣭ᑐ❧ࢆ࠼ࡿᅜᐙ㛫ࡢ┦⌮ゎࢆ⠏࠸࡚࠸ࡃᆅ㐨࡞ࡋࡋሀᐇ࡞Ṍࡳ࡞ࡿࡇ ࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢆࠊᏛⱁ࠸࠺ሙࡸ㛫ࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡋࠊ୍ே୍ேࡀ␗࡞ ࡿṔྐࡸᩥ࣭ఏ⤫ࠊ⤒㦂ࠊ౯್ほࢆࡢࡾࡇ࠼ࠊ㆟ㄽࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢᏛࡧ࠶࠸ࡢሙࢆࡿࡇࡀ ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᭱ᚋࠊᖖ᪥㡭ࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢᩍ⫱࣭ᣦᑟࡸಟᏛ࣭⏕άࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࡞ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᙧ࡛ࡈ༠ຊࡃࡔࡉࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿᩍ⫋ဨࠊᏛ⏕ࠊᏛⱁ⏕༠ࠊᆅᇦࡢ᪉ࠎࡇࡢሙࢆࡾ࡚ᚰࡼࡾᚚ♩⏦ࡋ࠶ࡆࡲࡍࠋ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࣭άືࡘ࠸࡚ࡈពぢ࣭ࡈせᮃ࡞࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡽ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶ࠾ᐤࡏࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ᚋࡶ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢάື୍ᒙࡢࡈ༠ຊ࣭ࡈᨭࢆ㈷ࡾࡲࡍࡼ࠺࠾㢪࠸⏦ࡋ࠶ࡆࡲࡍࠋ ᮾிᏛⱁᏛ ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛗 ᳺ ┿ᬛᏊ 目 次 はじめに 1. 全学留学生対象の事業 1 1.1 日本語科目 1.2 日本理解科目 1.3 見学・交流事業 1.4 研究支援・生活支援事業 2. 国費研究留学生および教員研修留学生対象の事業 5 2.1 日本語集中コースおよび一般日本語科目の開講 2.2 教員研修プログラム 3. 日本語日本文化研修留学プログラム留学生対象の事業 7 4. 短期留学プログラム留学生対象の事業 9 5. その他の活動 11 6. 教員の教育・研究活動 12 資料 1 日本語科目一覧 20 資料 2 日本理解科目一覧 33 資料 3 短期留学プログラム科目一覧 37 資料 4 主な行事の写真 51 参考資料 本学における留学生数 52 Ꮫ␃Ꮫ⏕ᑐ㇟ࡢᴗ ᪥ᮏㄒ⛉┠ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ࠖ 㸦ୖ⣭㸧ࡽࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ࠖ 㸦ึ⣭㸧ࡲ࡛ࡢ ࣞ࣋ࣝศࡅࡽࢀࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ᵓᡂ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⾲ ᪥ᮏㄒࢡࣛࢫࡢᵓᡂ ᤵᴗᙧែ ᪥ᮏㄒ ᚲಟ࣭㑅ᢥࡢู Ꮫ᪥ᮏㄒࣉ࣮ࣞࢫ࣓ࣥ ୍⯡ ᪥ᮏㄒ 㑅ᢥ ⛉┠ᙜࡾ㐌 㛫 ᪥ᮏㄒ ࢡࣛࢫࡢỴᐃ᪉ἲ ࢺ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡞ ࡽ ࡧ Can-do statements ㄪᰝ ᪥ᮏㄒ 㞟୰ 㐌 㛫㹙᪥ᮏㄒ 㹛 㐌 㛫㹙᪥ᮏㄒ 㹛 ᪥ᮏㄒ ࡼࡿ ᅜ㈝◊✲␃Ꮫ⏕࣭ᩍဨ◊ಟ␃Ꮫ⏕࡛ ᪥ᮏㄒ⬟ຊࡢప࠸⪅ࡣᚲಟ Ꮫ⩦Ṕㄪᰝࡼࡿ ྜィ ᯟ㸦Ꮫᮇ ࠊ⛅Ꮫᮇ 㸧ࢆ㛤ㅮࡋࡓࠋ ᖺᗘࡢࣉ࣮ࣞࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࢸࢫࢺཷ㦂⪅ࡣᏛᮇ ྡࠊ⛅Ꮫᮇ ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 㟁ຊ㊊ࡢࡓࡵᏛయ࡛ᤵᴗᮇ㛫ࡀ 㐌㛫▷⦰ࡉࢀࠊ ᭶ ᪥ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᤵᴗ⤊࡞ࡗࡓ ࡀࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ ᭶ ᪥ࡲ࡛ᤵᴗࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯ࠥ㸱 ᖺᗘࡣᏛᮇ ᯟࠊ⛅Ꮫᮇ ᯟࢆ㛤ㅮࡋࡓࠋ ࠕࠖ༳ࡢࡇࢁࡣࡇࢀ௨እ᪥ᮏㄒ ᩍ⫱ᩍᐊ࡛㛤タࡋ࡚࠸ࡿṇつࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ⛉┠ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ⾲ ᪥ᮏㄒ⛉┠ࡢ✀㢮࣭࣭ࣞ࣋ࣝᩘ㸦Ꮫᮇ㸧 ⥲ྜ సᩥ ㅮㄞ ヰ ₎Ꮠ ⫈ゎ ᩥἲ ᪥ᮏㄒ ᪥ᮏㄒ ᪥ᮏㄒ ≉ู ₇⩦ Ⓨ㡢 ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ ࢡࢺ ⾲ ᪥ᮏㄒ⛉┠ࡢ✀㢮࣭࣭ࣞ࣋ࣝᩘ㸦⛅Ꮫᮇ㸧 ⥲ྜ ᛂ⏝ సᩥ ㅮㄞ ヰ ₎Ꮠ ⫈ゎ ᩥἲ ᪥ᮏㄒ ᪥ᮏㄒ ᪥ᮏㄒ Ⓨ㡢 ≉ู ₇⩦ ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ ࢡࢺ ᪥ᮏㄒ㸲 Ꮫᮇ࣭⛅Ꮫᮇࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀ ᯟࢆ㛤ㅮࡋࡓࠋ Ꮫᮇ Ꮫ ⏕ ᩘ㸸 㸦ᩍဨ◊ಟ⏕ ࠊ◊✲␃Ꮫ⏕ ࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ 㸧 ⛉┠㛫㸸 ࠕ⥲ྜࠖ 㛫㐌ࠊࠕᛂ⏝ࠖ 㛫㐌ࠊ ࠕ₎Ꮠࠖ 㛫㐌 ⛅Ꮫᮇ Ꮫ ⏕ ᩘ㸸 㸦ᩍဨ◊ಟ ࠊ◊✲␃Ꮫ⏕ ࠊ▷ࣉࣟ ࠊ 㸧 ⛉┠㛫㸸 ࠕ⥲ྜࠖ 㛫㐌ࠊࠕᛂ⏝ࠖ 㛫㐌ࠊ ࠕ₎Ꮠࠖ 㛫㐌 1 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸳 Ꮫᮇ࣭⛅Ꮫᮇࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀ ᯟࢆ㛤ㅮࡋࡓࠋ Ꮫᮇ Ꮫ ⏕ ᩘ㸸 㸦◊✲␃Ꮫ⏕ ࠊ,6(3 ␃Ꮫ⏕ 㸧 ⛉┠㛫㸸 ࠕ⥲ྜࠖ 㛫㐌ࠊ ࠕᩥᏐࠖ 㛫㐌ࠊࠕヰࠖ 㛫㐌ࠊ ࠕ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࠖ 㛫㐌ࠊ ࠕసᩥࠖ 㛫㐌 ⛅Ꮫᮇ Ꮫ ⏕ ᩘ㸸 㸦ᩍဨ◊ಟ␃Ꮫ⏕ 㸧 ⛉┠㛫㸸 ࠕ⥲ྜࠖ 㛫㐌ࠊ ࠕᩥᏐࠖ 㛫㐌ࠊࠕヰࠖ 㛫㐌ࠊ ࠕ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࠖ 㛫㐌ࠊ ࠕసᩥࠖ 㛫㐌 ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯ Ꮫ㒊ࡀᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿṇつ⛉┠⏝ࡢࠕᤵᴗホ౯ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࠖࡣู⊂⮬ᐇࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࠊⱥㄒࠊ୰ᅜㄒࠊ㡑ᅜㄒࡢ ゝㄒ࡛⏝ពࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࠋ⛉┠ẖ ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦ᖹᆒ್ࠊᶆ‽೫ᕪࠊ⮬⏤グ㏙ࡢෆᐜ㸧ࡣྛᢸᙜᩍဨሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏ⌮ゎ⛉┠㸦 ࠕ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ࠖ࠾ࡼࡧࠕ᪥ᮏ⌮ゎ⛉┠ࠖ㸧 ᖺᗘ᪥ᮏ⌮ゎ⛉┠ࡣࠊࠕ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ࠖ㸦Ꮫ㒊㛤タ㸧ࠕ᪥ᮏ◊✲⛉┠ࠖ㸦␃Ꮫ⏕ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛤タ㸧ࡋ࡚ࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞⛉┠ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 㸦ࢩࣛࣂࢫࡣ㈨ᩱ ཧ↷㸧 㸦㸧᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ Ꮫᮇ ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ A㸦⥲ྜᩍ⫱⛉Ꮫ⣔㸧 ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ C㸦ேᩥ♫⛉Ꮫ⣔㸧 ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ E㸦⮬↛⛉Ꮫ⣔㸧 ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ G㸦ⱁ⾡࣭ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⛉Ꮫ⣔㸧 ⛅Ꮫᮇ ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ B㸦⥲ྜᩍ⫱⛉Ꮫ⣔㸧 ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ D㸦ேᩥ♫⛉Ꮫ⣔㸧 ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ F㸦⮬↛⛉Ꮫ⣔㸧 ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ H㸦ⱁ⾡࣭ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⛉Ꮫ⣔㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸ᡞ⏣ᏕᏊ㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸బ⸨ṇග㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸ଢ଼㔝Ẏ㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸▼㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸⚄ᇣṇᏊࠊ▼ᕝᑦᏊ㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸ᳺ┿ᬛᏊ㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸᪥㧗ៅ㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸㕥ᮌ⚽ே㸧 㸦㸧᪥ᮏ◊✲⛉┠ Ꮫᮇ ᪥ᮏ◊✲ A㸦♫㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸㧗ᓮᜨ㸧 ᪥ᮏ◊✲₇⩦ B㸦ேᩥ㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸᭷⃝▱㸧 ᪥ᮏ◊✲ C㸦ᩍ⫱㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸㐲ᗙ▱ᜨ㸧 ᪥ᮏ◊✲₇⩦ D㸦⎔ቃᩍ⫱㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸ᑠᕝ₩㸧 2 ⛅Ꮫᮇ ᪥ᮏ◊✲₇⩦ A㸦♫㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸ຍ⸨ᣅ㸧 ᪥ᮏ◊✲ B㸦ேᩥ㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸᭷⃝▱㸧 ᪥ᮏ◊✲₇⩦ C㸦ẚ㍑◊✲㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸ᡞ⏣ᏕᏊ㸧 ᪥ᮏ◊✲ D㸦ⱁ⾡㸧 㸦ᢸᙜ㸸▼㸧 ぢᏛ࣭ὶᴗ ㅮ₇ ᪥ᮏ⌮ゎ㛵ࡍࡿㅮ₇ࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓࠋ㸦 ᭶㸸Karen Takizawa, Unwritten Rules of Communication Styleࠊ ᭶㬞ᕝோࠊWhat Should We Know about Earthquake and Radiation?ࠊ ᭶㸸Matt Gillan, Okinawan Music: A Minority Culture on the National Stage㸧 ᅜ㝿ὶ࢝ࣇ࢙ ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢὶࢆᅗࡿ㊃᪨࡛ࠊẖ㐌㔠᭙᪥ 㝈ࠕᅜ㝿ὶ࢝ࣇ࢙ࠖࢆ㛤ദ ࡋࡓࠋẖᅇᏛ⏕ࡀྖࢆࡋ࡚ࠊࢸ࣮࣐ウㄽࠊࢤ࣮࣒ࠊᅜࡢ⤂ࠊࢡࣜࢫ࣐ࢫࣃ࣮ࢸ࡞ࢆ ⾜ࡗࡓࠋཧຍ⪅㸦␗࡞ࡾᗘᩘ㸧ࡣࠊᏛᮇ᪥ᮏே ேࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ ேࠊ⛅Ꮫᮇ᪥ᮏே ேࠊ ␃Ꮫ⏕ ேࡔࡗࡓࠋ ᅇࡢཧຍ⪅ᩘࡣᏛᮇ ே⛬ᗘ࡛ࠊ⛅Ꮫᮇࡣཧຍࡍࡿ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡀ ே⛬ᗘ࡛ᅛᐃࡍࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ᮶ᖺᗘ௨㝆ࡣ⏬ࢆ⪃࠼┤ࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ እᅜㄒ࡛ࡋࡷࣛࣥࢳ ࢿࢸࣈࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡀࡑࡢゝㄒ࡛ὶࡍࡿሙࡋ࡚ࠊᏛᮇࡣẖ㐌ఇࡳ ࠕ୰ᅜㄒ࡛ࡋࡷࣛࣥࢳࠖ 㸦ཧຍ⪅㸸᪥ᮏே ேࠊ୰ᅜே ே㸧ࠊ ࠕ㡑ᅜㄒ࡛ࡋࡷࣛࣥࢳࠖ 㸦ཧຍ⪅㸸᪥ᮏே ேࠊ㡑ᅜே ே㸧ࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓࠋ ⛅ᏛᮇࡣࠊᏛⱁ࢝ࣇ࢙ࢸࣜࡢඹྠ⏬ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ㡑ᅜㄒ࡛ࡋࡷࢁ࠺ࠖ 㸦ཧຍ⪅㸸᪥ ᮏே ேࠊ㡑ᅜே ே㸧 ࠊ ࠕᴦࡋ࠸୰ᅜㄒࠖࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓࠋ ᅜ㝿ὶྜᐟ す†࣭Ἑཱྀ†␁࡛ᅜ㝿ὶྜᐟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㸦ሗ࿌㞟సᡂ῭ࡳ㸧 ᪥ ⛬㸸 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸦ᅵ㸧㹼 ᪥㸦᪥㸧 ሙ ᡤ㸸ᒣ┴ᐩኈἙཱྀ†⏫㸦ᱜⲮ㸧 ཧຍ⪅㸸᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ ྡࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ ྡࠊᘬ⋡ᩍဨ ྡࠊィ ྡ ෆ ᐜ㸸 ᪥┠ࡣࠊす†ࢥ࢘ࣔࣜ✰࡛ࡢࢿࢳ࣮ࣕ࢞ࢻࢶ࣮ࠊす†࠸ࡸࡋࡢ㔛࡛⮬ ↛ࢆ‶ႚࡋࠊἙཱྀ†ࡢᐟ⯋⛣ືࡋ࡚ࠊⰼⅆ࣭†␁ᩓ⟇ࠊὶࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ᪥ ┠ࡣ ⌜ࡢ⌜ࡈࡢⓎ⾲ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᚸ㔝ඵᾏᐤࡗ࡚ᖐࡗࡓࠋ ព⩏┬㸸ᅇࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࢆ㝖ࡁࠊ ࣨᅜ࣭ᆅᇦࡽࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢཧຍ࡛ࠊᩥᏐ㏻ࡾࠊᅜ 㝿ὶྜᐟࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ྜᐟ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡀ࠶ࡲࡾᚓព࡛࡞࠸␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢࡓ ࡵⱥㄒ⌜ࡶసࡗࡓࡢࡶึࡵ࡚ࡢヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫࢱࢵࣇ ேࡀ⏬࣭㐠Ⴀᑾ ຊࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࠋⱥㄒ⌜ࡢᏛ⏕᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢὶࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࡞ ࡗࡓࡢࡣᚋࡢ┬ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 3 Ꮫᰯゼၥ 㒔❧㧗ᰯࢆゼၥࡋࠊ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢὶάືࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦 ᭶㸸㒔❧ᅜ㝿㧗ᰯࠊ ᭶㸸㒔❧ ῡỤ㧗ᰯ㸧ࠋ ┦᧞ほᡓ ᭶┦᧞ࢺ࣮ࢼ࣓ࣥࢺࡢほᡓࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦␃Ꮫ⏕ཧຍேᩘ ྡ㸧ࠋ ◊✲ᨭ࣭⏕άᨭᴗ ⏕άᨭᴗࡢ୍㒊ࢆࡍ࡚ࡢᩍဨࡀศᢸࡋࡓࠋ ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡽࡢ┦ㄯࡣࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᩍဨయ࡛ᑐᛂࡋࡓࠋ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᩍဨࡀཷࡅࡓ ┦ㄯ௳ᩘࡣࠊయ㸦ᘏ௳ᩘ㸧࡛ ௳ࠊ᭶ูࡢ┦ㄯ௳ᩘࡣୗグࡢ⾲ࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⾲ ᭶ูࡢ┦ㄯ௳ᩘ ᭶ 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 ィ ᑵᏛୖࡢᝎࡳ 6 3 2 3 0 0 8 2 9 3 2 0 38 㐍㊰ࡘ࠸࡚ 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ᝎࡳ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 ᑐே㛵ಀ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 ⢭⚄㠃 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 ᗣ㠃 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 ࡑࡢ 2 2 0 0 0 0 18 0 1 1 1 0 25 4 ᅜ㈝◊✲␃Ꮫ⏕࠾ࡼࡧᩍဨ◊ಟ␃Ꮫ⏕㸦ᩍ◊⏕㸧ᑐ㇟ࡢᴗ ᪥ᮏㄒ㞟୰ࢥ࣮ࢫ࠾ࡼࡧ୍⯡᪥ᮏㄒ⛉┠ࡢ㛤ㅮ ᅜ㈝◊✲␃Ꮫ⏕࠾ࡼࡧᩍဨ◊ಟ␃Ꮫ⏕ᑐࡋ࡚᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊ ᖺᗘ᪂つΏ᪥ࡢᅜ㈝◊✲␃Ꮫ⏕ࡣᏛᮇ ྡ㸦ဨᏛ㐍Ꮫ⪅㸧ࠊ⛅Ꮫᮇ ྡ㸦Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ⪅ࡣ ྡࠊṧࡾࡢ ྡࡢ࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏㄒ⛉┠ࢆཷㅮࡋ࡞ࡗࡓ⪅ ྡ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᖺᗘ᪂つΏ᪥ࡢᩍဨ◊ಟ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡣ⛅Ꮫᮇ ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᩍဨ◊ಟࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ᖺᗘࡣࠊ ᖺ⛅᮶᪥ࡢ◊ಟ⏕㸦௨ୗࠕ ᩍ◊⏕ࠖ 㸧 ᖺ⛅᮶᪥ࡢ◊ಟ ⏕㸦௨ୗࠕ ᩍ◊⏕ࠖ 㸧ᑐࡍࡿ◊ಟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 㹙 ᩍ◊⏕㹛 ᭶◊✲ሗ࿌Ⓨ⾲ࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓࠋ ⾲ ᩍဨ◊ಟ␃Ꮫ⏕◊✲Ⓨ⾲Ⓨ⾲㢟┠ Ặྡ ᅜ⡠ Ⓨ⾲㢟┠ ᣦᑟᩍဨ 1 ࣁࢻ, ࣐ࣜ ࣌ࣝ࣌ࢳ ࢯࢥࣟ 㸦Ma. Perpetua Socorro F. Jadoc㸧 ࣇࣜ ࣆࣥ Reforming Mathematics Education via Problem-Solving Oriented Lesson: Basis for Faculty Development in the Philippines ⸨ ᩧு 㸦ᩘᏛ⛉ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 2 ࢚࢝࢘ࢳ࣮ࣙࢸ, ࢼࣥࢱ࣡ࣥ 㸦Nantawan Kaewchote㸧 ࢱ Development of Web - online Enhancing Japanese Reading Skills for Mental Retarded at Elementary School 3 ࣒࢟ ࢼࢵࢡࣄࣙࣥ 㸦㔠 ㈼㸧 㡑ᅜ ࠕ⥲ྜᏛ⩦ࠖࡢ㡑ᅜᩍ⫱⌧ሙࡢ㐺⏝ Ỉᓮ ㄔ 㸦ᗂඣᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 4 ࢸࣀࣜ࢜, ࣦ࢜ࣞࢵࢱ 㸦Violeta Tenorio㸧 ࣮࣌ࣝ Comparison between school system in Japan and Peru. What makes school system successful? ⠛ཎ ᩥ㝧ඣ 㸦Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 5 ࢳࣙ ࣘࣥࢪࣗ 㸦㉿ ඔ⌔㸧 㡑ᅜ ᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢᏛᰯ㐠Ⴀࡢ ̿ᮾிᏛ ⱁᏛ㝃ᒓᑠ㔠ᑠᏛᰯࢆ୰ᚰ̿ 㸦ᩍဨ㣴ᡂ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ 6 ࢪࣗ࢟ࢳ, ࣦࢿࢵࢧ 㸦Vanesa Berislav Ĉukiü㸧 ࣎ࢫࢽ ࣭࣊ࣝ ࢶ࢙ࢦ ࣅࢼ A Comparative Curriculum Research Between Music Education for Elementary School In Bosnia and Herzegovina and Japan ⟄▼ ㈼ 㸦㡢ᴦ⛉ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 7 ࢦࣥࢨࣞࢫ, ࢝ࣞࣥ 㸦Karen Gonzalez Ornelas㸧 8 9 10 11 12 ࢪࣙࣝࢪ࢙ࣦࢳ, ࢺ࣑ࢫࣦࣛ 㸦Tomislava Ĉorÿeviü㸧 ࢥ࢘ ࣜࣥ 㸦㧗 㸧 ࣑ࣦࣞࢵࢳ, ࣊ࣞࢼ 㸦Helena Miljeviü㸧 ࢯࣥ ࢩࢿ 㸦Ꮮ Sinae㸧 ࣝ ࢳ࣑ࣕࣥࣕ࢜ 㸦Lu Qianmiao㸧 ࣓࢟ࢩ ࢥ ࢭࣝࣅ ୰ᅜ ࢡࣟ ࢳ 㡑ᅜ ࢩࣥ࢞ ࣏࣮ࣝ 13 ࣥ ࣄ࣑ࣙࣥ 㸦Ᏻ ⋽⨾㸧 㡑ᅜ 14 ࢪࣙࣥ ࣑ࢪࣥ 㸦⏣ ⨾㐍㸧 㡑ᅜ English Education in Japanese Government Junior high schools Challenges of Teaching English as a Foreign Language - Young Learners A Comparative Study of Pre-service English Teacher Training and In-service English Teacher Training in China and Japan Everyday Life in Edo Era ᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢ₎Ꮠᩍ⫱ ̿ᑠᏛᰯࡢ㸪 ᖺ⏕ࡢᅜㄒᩍᮦࢆ୰ᚰ̿ Project-Based Learning Practices in Singapore and Japan 㡑ᅜࡢᑠᏛᰯ࠾ࡅࡿከᩥᩍ⫱ࡢ⪃ ̿㡑ᅜ᪥ᮏࡢከᩥᩍ⫱ࡢᐇែࡢẚ㍑ࢆ ㏻ࡌ࡚̿ 㸦ධ㝔୰ࡢࡓࡵཧຍ㸧 క ₩ 㸦ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶◊✲ᨭ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧 ๓ཎ 㛤Ⓨ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧 㧗ᒣ ⰾᶞ 㸦ⱥㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 ⢑㇂ ᜤᏊ 㸦ⱥㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 㤿ሙ ဴ⏕ 㸦ⱥㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 ᕝᡭ ᆂ୍ 㸦ṔྐᏛ㸧 ୰ᮧ ᘯ 㸦ᅜㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 ὸ ⱱ 㸦Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 ㇂ ⱥ❶ 㸦Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 㧗ᒣ ⰾᶞ 㸦ⱥㄒ⛉ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 ぢᏛᐇ⩦ࡢάືࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࠕḷ⯙ఄ㚷㈹ᩍᐊࠖཧຍࡋࠊ᪥ᮏࡢఏ⤫ⱁ⬟ࢆ㚷㈹ࡋࡓࠋ 5 㹙 ᩍ◊⏕㹛 ࢝ᅜ ྡ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ ྡࡀࣞ࣋ࣝ ࠊ ྡࡀࣞ࣋ࣝ ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒࢡࣛࢫ࠾࠸࡚᪥ᮏㄒ ࢆ㞟୰ⓗᏛ⩦ࡋࡓࠋ๓ᖺᗘࢆᘬࡁ⥅ࡂࠊ㇂ⱥ❶ᩍဨ㸦ᩍ⫱Ꮫㅮᗙᩍᤵࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ 㛗㸧ࡼࡿࠕඹ㏻ᇶ♏ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࠖࡢ㛤ㅮ㸦⛅Ꮫᮇࠊ㐌 ᅇ㸧 ࠊ◊✲ሗ࿌Ⓨ⾲ࡢ㛤ദ࡞ࠊྠ ᮇࡢᩍဨ◊ಟ⏕ࡀ┦่⃭ࡋྜ࠼ࡿሙࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛయࡢᐇࢆᅗࡗࡓࠋ ⾲ ᖺᗘᩍဨ◊ಟࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ࡞⾜ ᖺ ᭶ ᩍ◊⏕ ➨ ᅇ࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ḷ⯙ఄ㚷㈹ᩍᐊ㸦㸸ᅜ❧ሙ㸧 ➨ ᅇ࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ᩍ◊⏕ ᮶᪥ 㠃᥋࠾ࡼࡧ➨ ᅇ࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ 㜵⅏㤋ぢᏛ 㝃ᒓ➉᪩ᑠᏛᰯὶᤵᴗ࠾ࡼࡧ᠓ㄯ Ụᡞᮾிࡓ࡚ࡶࡢᅬぢᏛ 㢼࿅ᩜ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ 㢼࿅ᩜ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ 㒔❧ᅜ㝿㧗ᰯ࣭ᅜ㝿ὶཧຍ ◊✲ሗ࿌Ⓨ⾲࣭ಟᘧ ᖐᅜ ୕㮚ࢪࣈࣜࡢ᳃⨾⾡㤋ぢᏛ ୖグࡢࠊ௵ព࡛㝃ᒓᑠ㔠ᑠᏛᰯࠊ㝃ᒓἨᑠᏛᰯࡢὶᤵᴗࠊ▼ᕳᩍ⫱ᨭࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒ࠕࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ⤖ࠖ࣎ࣛࣥࢸࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡶཧຍࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᏛෆࡢᅜ㝿ὶྜᐟ 㸦 ᭶ࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧ࡸぢᏛ᪑⾜㸦 ᭶㸧ࠊእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ὶ㸦 ᭶㸧ࡢཧຍࡶ࠶ࡗ ࡓࠋ 6 ᪥ᮏㄒ᪥ᮏᩥ◊ಟ␃Ꮫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ␃Ꮫ⏕㸦᪥◊⏕㸧ᑐ㇟ࡢᴗ 㹙 ᪥◊⏕㹛 ᖺᗘᏛᮇ ᖺᗘ ᭶ධᏛ᪥◊⏕㸦 ྡ㸧 Ặ ྡ ࢙ࢫࣃ࣮࣭ࣜࣗࢭࣝ ࣭ࣞࣥ࢟ࣙࢡ ࢝ࢳ࣏࣭ࣙࣥࣥࢫ࣮ࣜࣙ ࣭ࣜࣙࣥࢳ࣮࣮࣍ ࢡࣛࢯࢳࢥ࣭࣐ࢳࣝࢲ ࢢ࢚࣭ࣥࢳ࣭ࣕࣥࢸ ࣝࣥࢻ࣭ࢩࣔࣥ ࣭࣭ࣞ࣍ࣥࢹ࢚ࢵࣉ ࢹࢼ࣭ࢩࣗࢸࣇ࣮ࣥࢥࣦ࣮ ࢩ࣮࣭࣭࣑ࣙࣝࣛ࢘ࣛ࢝ࣛ ᅜ ⡠ ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥ ୰ᅜ ࢱ 㤶 ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥ ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ ࢫࣟࣂ࢟ ࢫࢫ ᣦᑟᩍဨ ㇂㒊ᘯᏊ ᩪ⸨⣧⏨ ᓥ⏣ࡵࡄࡳ ᓥ⏣ࡵࡄࡳ ᭷⃝▱ ᒸᬛஅ ㇂㒊ᘯᏊ チኟ⋹ ᩪ⸨⣧⏨ ᭷⃝▱ ࡞⾜ ᭶ ᪥ ᮾ᪥ᮏᆅ㟈⿕⅏ᆅࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪసᡂ ᭶ ᪥ ᭶ ᪥ ㈏ᄳᏊ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ ᭶ ᪥ ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫ᕤሙぢᏛ ᭶ ᪥ ࢥ࣭࢝ࢥ࣮ࣛ♫ᕤሙぢᏛ ᭶ ᪥ ⸛ᰁࡵయ㦂㸦ᑠ㔠බᅬෆỤᡞᮾிࡓ࡚ࡶࡢᅬ㸧 ◊✲࣏࣮ࣞࢺⓎ⾲ࠊ᪥◊⏕ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛಟᘧ ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㞟 ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㞟ࢆⓎ⾜ࡋࡓࠋ 㢟 ┠ ᣑᙇ᪂Ꮠయࡢᐇែ ⌧௦୰᪥୧ᅜㄒ࠾ࡅࡿ␎ㄒࡘ࠸࡚ —␎ㄒࡀ࡞ࡐ ὶ⾜ࡍࡿࡢ— ᪥ᮏேࡢ㟁㌴ෆ࡛ࡢ⾜ື ᱜ᪥ᮏ —᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢᱜࡢ࣓࣮ࢪ— ᪥ᮏேࡢ࢝ࣛ࢜ࢣᩥ ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡀ㛫㐪࠸ࡸࡍ࠸ᩗㄒ ᪥ᮏࡢࢯࣇࢺࣃ࣮࣡ —࣏ࢵࣉ࢝ࣝࢳ࣮ࣕࡼࡿぶ᪥ ほᙧᡂࡢᙳ㡪— ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ₎㉺ㄒ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ₎ㄒࡢᑐ↷ศᯒ ఀໃ⚄ᐑࡢᘧᖺ㑄ᐑ᪥ᮏேࡢ㛫ࡢ⌮ゎ ᭶ᒸⰾᖺࡢࠕ᪂ᙧ୕༑භ㑅ࠖ 7 Ặ ྡ ࢙ࢫࣃ࣮࣭ࣜࣗࢭࣝ ࣭ࣞࣥ࢟ࣙࢡ ࢫ࣮࣭ࣜࣚ࢝ࢳ࣏ࣙࣥࣥ ࢳ࣭ࣙࣥࢳ࣮࣮࣍ ࢡࣛࢯࢳࢥ࣭࣐ࢳࣝࢲ ࢢ࢚࣭ࣥࢳ࣭ࣕࣥࢸ ࣝࣥࢻ࣭ࢩࣔࣥ ࣭࣭ࣞ࣍ࣥࢹ࢚ࢵࣉ ࢹࢼ࣭ࢩࣗࢸࣇ࣮ࣥࢥࣦ࣮ ࢩ࣮࣭࣭࣑ࣙࣝࣛ࢘ࣛ࢝ࣛ 㹙 ᪥◊⏕㹛 ᖺᗘ⛅Ꮫᮇ ᖺᗘ ᭶ධᏛ᪥◊⏕㸦 ྡ㸧 Ặ ྡ 䝅䝵䞊䝹䞉䞂䜵䝅䜵䝺䞊䝙䜱䞉䝬䝔䞉䜰䝹䝧䝹䝖㻌 䝖䞉䝀䞁䝁䜴㻌 䝆䝵䞁䞉䝇䞁䝣䜯㻌 䜾䜵䞁䞉䝔䜱䞉䝠䜶䞁㻌 䜾䜵䞁䞉䝭䞁䞉䝍䜸䝣䜷䞁㻌 ෆᒣ䞉䝣䜵䝸䝨䞉㱟ᖹ㻌 䝺䜸䝇䝗䝑䝔䜱䝹䞉䝷䜾䞁䝠䝹䝗䜳䝹䞉䜶䞂䜯㻌 䜽䝻䞊䝬䞉䝎䝙䜶䞊䝺㻌 䝙䝌䝰䝣䞉䜴䝹䜾䝧䜽㻌 䜲䞂䜯䝜䞂䜯䞉䜰䝸䝃㻌 䝝䝘䞉䝤䝷䝘䞊㻌 䝝䜲䝘䝹䞉䜽䝸䝇䝔䜱䝘㻌 䜾䝹䝇䜹䞉䜰䝺䜽䝃䞁䝗䝷䞉䜰䜾䝙䜵䝅䜹㻌 䝛䝂䜲䝒䜯䞉䜰䝺䜽䝃䞁䝗䝷䞉䜽䝸䝇䝔䜱䝘㻌 䝹䜻䝘䞊䞉䝇䞂䜵䝖䝷䝘㻌 䝅䝻䝁䝷䝕䝳䜽䞉䜲䝸䝲㻌 䝴䝷䝋䝽䞉䜲䝸䞊䝘㻌 ᅜ ⡠ 䝇䜴䜵䞊䝕䞁㻌 ୰ᅜ㻌 㡑ᅜ㻌 䝧䝖䝘䝮㻌 䝧䝖䝘䝮㻌 䝤䝷䝆䝹㻌 䜰䜲䝇䝷䞁䝗㻌 䜲䝍䝸䜰㻌 䜴䝈䝧䜻䝇䝍䞁㻌 䜶䝇䝖䝙䜰㻌 䝏䜵䝁㻌 䝝䞁䜺䝸䞊㻌 䝫䞊䝷䞁䝗㻌 䝹䞊䝬䝙䜰㻌 䝻䝅䜰㻌 䝻䝅䜰㻌 䝻䝅䜰㻌 ࡞⾜ ᭶ ᪥ 㝃ᒓᑠ㔠ᑠᏛᰯࡢὶᤵᴗ ᭶ ᪥ ᩥᴦ㚷㈹ᩍᐊ ᭶ ᪥ 㝃ᒓᑠ㔠ᑠᏛᰯࡢὶᤵᴗ ᭶ ᪥ 㜵⅏㤋࡚య㦂Ꮫ⩦ ᭶ ᪥ 㢼࿅ᩜ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ ᭶ ᪥ 㝃ᒓᑠ㔠ᑠᏛᰯࡢὶᤵᴗ ᭶ ᪥ ┅㋀ࡾ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ 8 ᣦᑟᩍဨ ᒸ㻌 ᬛஅ㻌 ㇂㒊㻌 ᘯᏊ㻌 ᩪ⸨㻌 ⣧⏨㻌 チ㻌 ኟ⋹㻌 ᩪ⸨㻌 ⣧⏨㻌 ᓥ⏣䜑䛠䜏㻌 ᓥ⏣䜑䛠䜏㻌 ᭷⃝㻌 ▱㻌 チ㻌 ኟ⋹㻌 ㇂㒊㻌 ᘯᏊ㻌 ᓥ⏣䜑䛠䜏㻌 チ㻌 ኟ⋹㻌 ᩪ⸨㻌 ⣧⏨㻌 ᒸ㻌 ᬛஅ㻌 ᒸ㻌 ᬛஅ㻌 ㇂㒊㻌 ᘯᏊ㻌 ᓥ⏣䜑䛠䜏㻌 ▷ᮇ␃Ꮫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦▷ࣉࣟ,6(3㸧␃Ꮫ⏕ᑐ㇟ࡢᴗ ᖺᗘࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛᴫせ㸦 ᖺ⛅Ꮫᮇ㹼 ᖺᏛᮇ◊ಟ⏕㸧 ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢ༠ാࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᏛ⩦ ௨ୗࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡛᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢ༠ാࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᏛ⩦ࢆ⾜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᖺ⛅Ꮫᮇ㸸 ࠕእᅜேᏛᰯ᪥ᮏࡢ࣐ࣀࣜࢸၥ㢟ࠖ ᖺᏛᮇ㸸 ࠕᮾ᪥ᮏ㟈⅏㹼ୡ⏺ࡢᛂ㹼ࠖ ㄢእάື ௨ୗࡢㄢእάືࢆ⾜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ❧ᕝ㜵⅏㤋࡛ࡢయ㦂Ꮫ⩦ࠊ⛛∗ኪ⚍ࡾぢᏛࠊḷ⯙ఄ㚷㈹ᩍᐊཧຍࠊᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫ぢᏛ ཷࡅධࢀᏛ⏕㸦 ྡ㸧 Ặ㻌 ྡ ᡤᒓᏛ ಶே◊✲䝔䞊䝬 ᣦᑟᩍဨ 1 CHAN Yuet 㤶 ୰ᩥᏛ Japanese food culture ụᓮ႐⨾ᜨ 2 LEUNG Chun fai 㤶 ୰ᩥᏛ Neologism and buzzwords in Japanese ୖᮡぢ 3 LI Ho Kan 㤶 ୰ᩥᏛ 4 CHEN Spencer Chao-long ᅜ❧ྎ‴Ꮫ 5 WU Pin-ru ᅜ❧ྎ‴Ꮫ 6 YU Gowoon ༡Ꮫᰯ 7 YUN Jihye බᕞᏛᰯ 8 PARK Hyoeun ி␥Ꮫᰯ 9 SINTHUNANSAKUL Panida 10 SAMMAVIRIYA Panyaporn 11 SUWONGWAN Sarocha 12 BOONPAN Gantida 13 SATJAITHIENG Chatdao 14 STEINECKE Carolin Tabea 15 CLAIRMONT Octavia Chante 16 WINN Katie Melissa 17 HARRIS Ruby Lillian 18 AYOTTE Kristen Community service through school clubs: The motivation for the Japanese college students Into the zeitgeist of the twenty-first century: manga Murakami Haruki's English translation and his own novels Difference of education between Korea and Japan Comparison between Korean and Japanese festivals Japanese entertainment business: Lessons from the success of animation and its expansion ࢩࣛࣃࢥ࣮ࣥ Ꮫ ࢩࣛࣃࢥ࣮ࣥ Ꮫ ࢩࣛࣃࢥ࣮ࣥ Ꮫ ࢩࣛࣃࢥ࣮ࣥ Ꮫ ࢩࣛࣃࢥ࣮ࣥ Ꮫ ࣁࢹࣝ࣋ࣝࢡ Ꮫ ࣮࣎ࣝࢫࢸࢺ Ꮫ ࣁ࣡Ꮫ ࣄࣟᰯ ࣁ࣡Ꮫ ࣄࣟᰯ ࣁ࣡Ꮫ ࣄࣟᰯ 9 ᭷⃝▱ 㤿ሙဴ⏕ ⢑㇂ᜤᏊ 㧗ᒣⰾᶞ ⟄▼㈼ 㟷ᒣྖ Japanese women after marriage ㇂㒊ᘯᏊ Comparative study of Japanese and Thai education ༡㐨Ꮚ Seasons in Japan: from past to present ᭷⃝▱ Japanese society from TV drama's audience perspective ᒸᬛஅ Technology of transportation and mobile phone: Comparison between Japan and Thailand ᩪ⸨⣧⏨ Ukiyo-e Printing Ύ㔝Ὀ⾜ Christianity in Japan ᭷⃝▱ Superstitions of Japan ᶫᮧಟ Similarities and differences in education between Japan and America ὸⱱ Kokoro and Norwegian Wood: Changing perceptions of suicide in Japan seen through literature బ㔝⚽ᶞ ࣮ࢫࢱࣥ Language learning attitudes in Japan vs. America 19 BROWN Shelby Lynne 20 SIERPOWSKI Pawel Karol ࣞࢫࢱ࣮Ꮫ 21 LÖVBACKA Linus Anders Olof ࣚࢸ࣎ࣜᏛ Influence of national culture on international business contacts Stories represented in Japanese arts 22 HYUN Yaeyoung ࢟ࣕࣥ࣋ࣛᏛ Who does Takeshima/Dokdo belong to? ཬᕝⱥ㑻 Old and new in Japan ᭷⃝▱ 23 HENDY Alicia Jennifer ࣑ࢩ࢞ࣥᏛ ࣦࢡࢺࣜ Ꮫ ᓥ⏣ࡵࡄࡳ ෆ⏣㈼ 㕲▮ᝋᮁ ,6(35HSRUW ࡢⓎ⾜ ISEP Report No.1 ࢆⓎ⾜ࡋࡓࠋ ᚋࡢㄢ㢟 Ꮫ⏕ࡢᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࡀከᒱࢃࡓࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓ᪥ᮏㄒ⬟ຊࡸ᪥ᮏ⌮ゎࡢ⛬ᗘࡶᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡓ ࡵࠊಶࠎࡢせᮃᛂࡌࡓᑐᛂࢆồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡋ࡚ࡢ┠ⓗࡸ┠ᶆࢆ᫂☜ࡋ ࡘࡘࠊಶࠎࡢᑓ㛛ᛶࢆ῝ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᵓᡂᨵ㠉ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊಟᏛ ᡂᯝࡢホ౯ࡸ༢ㄆᐃࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 10 ࡑࡢࡢάື ಟ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏ᴗ ಟ⏕ࡽࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪྛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ◊✲࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢ㢟┠ࡢᥖ㍕࡞ࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ ࣮ࡢሗⓎಙࢆᅗࡗࡓࠋ ὴ㐵␃Ꮫᨭᴗ ὶ༠ᐃᰯࡢሗ㞟ᕼᮃ⪅ࡢሗᥦ౪ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ ⮬ᕫⅬ᳨࣭ホ౯࠾ࡼࡧᗈሗάື ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡢᖺሗࢆⓎ⾜ࡋࡓࠋ ᪥ᮏㄒ᪥ᮏᩥ◊ಟࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠊ▷ᮇ␃Ꮫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠊᩍဨ◊ಟ␃Ꮫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ⤂࣌ ࣮ࢪࡢタ⨨ࡼࡾࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪࡢᐇࢆᅗࡗࡓࠋ 㜵⅏㛵㐃ᴗ ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡶ㜵⅏▱㆑ࢆഛ࠼࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵࠊ᮶᪥┤ᚋ㜵⅏㤋࡛ࡢయ㦂Ꮫ⩦ࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ 㜵⅏࣐ࢽࣗࣝࡢⱥㄒ∧㸦␃Ꮫ⏕⏝㸧ࢆసᡂࡋࠊ㓄ᕸࡋࡓࠋ ⿕⅏ᆅᨭᴗ ᭶ ࠥ ᪥ࠊᘬ⋡ᩍဨ ྡࢆྵࡵ࡚ྜィ ྡࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡀ▼ᕳᩍ⫱ᨭࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠕࣉ ࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ⤖ࠖ࣎ࣛࣥࢸࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛཧຍࡋࠊ⿕⅏ᆅࡢᨭࢆ⾜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᏊ ࡶࡢᏛࡧᨭࡢ୍⎔ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦⏝ရࡢ⿄ワࡵࢆ ࢭࢵࢺసᡂࡋࠊ⿕⅏ᆅࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕ ㏦ࡗࡓࠋ 11 ᩍဨࡢᩍ⫱࣭◊✲άື ڦ᭷⃝▱ ࠙ᡤᒓ㒊㛛ࠚ ᪥ᮏ⌮ゎᩍ⫱㒊㛛 ࠙◊✲ศ㔝ࠚ ᪥ᮏ◊✲ࠊẸ᪘㡢ᴦᏛ ࠙◊✲άືࠚ ղㄽᩥ .ࠕᶓ୰⳹⾤ࡢ⊺Ꮚ⯙㸸ࢹࣥࢸࢸ⾲⌧ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙧᡂ㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹࠖࠗ⳹ ൂ◊✲࠘หྕࠊppࠊᣅṪᏛᾏእ◊✲ᡤᒓ⳹ൂ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠊ . ‘Rynjha (schools): Construction of musical tradition in contemporary Japan,’ Japan Forum volume 24, issue 1, pp.97-118, British Association for Japanese Studies. 2012 ճཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲ Interpretation of waza, or “technical artistry”: What should be handed down by Living National Treasures for the protection of Japan’s traditional performing arts? Sharing Cultures 2011Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intangible Heritage, Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development, pp. 171-176, Tomar, Portugal. 3-6 July, 2011 մࡑࡢ ࠕ㛗ᓮ⳹ൂ୰ᅜᩥࠖࠗࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ୰ࡢẸᏛ࠘ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᏛෆ㔜Ⅼ◊✲㈝ሗ ࿌᭩㸦◊✲௦⾲⪅㸸ᒾ⏣㔜๎㸧ࠊpp.ࠊ ࠙ᩍ⫱άືࠚ ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛤タ⛉┠ 㸦Ꮫᮇ㸧 Modern and Contemporary Culture of Japan, Traditional Performing Arts of Japan, ISEP Seminar II,ࠕ᪥ᮏ◊✲₇⩦ Bࠖ 㸦⛅Ꮫᮇ㸧 Cultural History of Japan, Introduction to Japanese Music , ISEP Seminar I, ࠕ᪥ᮏ◊ ✲ Bࠖ ࠙ࡑࡢࡢάືࠚ ձᏛෆ ᅜ㝿ὶጤဨ▷ᮇ␃Ꮫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㒊 ࠙ᡤᒓᏛࠚ International Council for Traditional Music, Society for Ethnomusicology, British Association for Japanese Studies, Association for Asian Studies, ᮾὒ㡢ᴦᏛࠊ᪥ᮏ㡢ᴦᏛ 12 ڦᒸ ᬛஅ ࠙ᡤᒓ㒊㛛ࠚ ᪥ᮏ⌮ゎᩍ⫱㒊㛛 ࠙◊✲ศ㔝ࠚ ᪥ᮏㄒᩥἲࠊㄆ▱ゝㄒᏛࠊᑐ↷ゝㄒᏛ ࠙◊✲άືࠚ ղㄽᩥ 㸬ࠕሙᡤࡢㄽ⌮ࡽぢࡓ᪥ᮏㄒࡢㄽ⌮ࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏㄆ▱ゝㄒᏛㄽᩥ㞟࠘➨ ᕳࠊppࠊ 㸬 ࠕࢽ᱁ࡢ㉳Ⅼ⏝ἲࡘ࠸࡚㸫ᣦྥᛶࡽࡢㄝ᫂㸫ࠖ ࠗᮾிᏛⱁᏛ⣖せ⥲ྜᩍ⫱⛉Ꮫ⣔ϩ࠘ ➨ 㞟ࠊppࠊ ճཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲ 㸬 ࠕࣤ᱁ࡢࢫ࣮࣐࢟ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠖ ᖺୡ⏺᪥ㄒᩍ⫱◊✲ࠊኳὠእᅜㄒᏛࠊ 㸬 ࠕ⌧௦ᮅ㩭ㄒࡢࢼࣝⓗ⾲⌧ࡢㅖ┦ࠖ᪥ᮏㄆ▱ゝㄒᏛ➨ ᅇࠊዉⰋᩍ⫱Ꮫࠊ ࠙ᩍ⫱άືࠚ ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛤タ⛉┠ 㸦Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ㅮㄞ Aࠖࠊ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ⥲ྜࠖ 㸦⛅Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ᩥἲ Bࠖ Ꮫ㒊㛤タ⛉┠ 㸦Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕᑓ㛛᪥ᮏㄒ࣭Ꮫ⾡ㄽᩥϨࠖ 㸦⛅Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩥἲㄽࠊ⌧௦᪥ᮏㄒᏛ₇⩦ Bࠖ Ꮫ㝔㛤タ⛉┠ 㸦Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕゝㄒᏛ≉ㄽ Cࠊࢮ࣑ࠖ 㸦⛅Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕゝㄒᏛ≉ㄽ Dࠊࢮ࣑ࠖ Ꮫฟㅮ㸦㠀ᖖㅮᖌ㸧 ᐇ㊶ዪᏊᏛ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍᤵἲ₇⩦ a, bࠖ ࠙ࡑࡢࡢάືࠚ ձᏛෆ ղᏛእ ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ᇶ┙◊✲(C)ࠕゝㄒࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠾ࡅࡿሙࡢ⌮ㄽࡢᵓ⠏㸸㏆௦♫ࡢ ၥ㢟ゎỴࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࠖ㸦◊✲ศᢸ⪅㸧 ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭࣎ࣝࢻ࣮➨ Ꮫ ᣍ⪸ᩍᤵ㸦㹼㸧 ᪥ᮏㄆ▱ゝㄒᏛ⌮ ࠙ᡤᒓᏛࠚ ᪥ᮏㄆ▱ゝㄒᏛ㸦⌮㸧 ࠊ᪥ᮏゝㄒᏛࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱Ꮫࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᩥἲᏛ 13 ڦᩪ⸨⣧⏨ ࠙ᡤᒓ㒊㛛ࠚ ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱㒊㛛 ࠙◊✲ศ㔝ࠚ ゝㄒᏛࠊ㡢ኌᏛ ࠙◊✲άືࠚ ձⴭ᭩ ࠗ㡢ኌᏛᇶᮏ࠘ຮㄔฟ∧ࠊ㸦ᇛ⏕ౄኴ㑻࣭⚟┒㈗ᘯඹ⦅ⴭ㸧 ղㄽᩥ The Consonant System of West Middle Mongol, Altai Hakpo, 21, pp.51-67, The Altaic Society of Korea, 2011.06 մࡑࡢ ᭩ホ㸸 ࠕᅵᒱဴⴭࠗ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࡽࡢ㡢ኌ◊✲࠘ ࠖࠊ ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ◊✲࠘➨ ᕳ ྕࠊ᪥ᮏ ㄒᏛࠊ ࠙ᩍ⫱άືࠚ ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛤タ⛉┠ 㸦Ꮫᮇ㸧ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ࣭Ⓨ㡢 Aࠖࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ᩥᏐࠖ 㸦⛅Ꮫᮇ㸧ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ࣭Ⓨ㡢 Bࠖࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ᩥᏐࠖ Ꮫ㒊㛤タ⛉┠ 㸦Ꮫᮇ㸧ࠕࢪ◊✲ᇶ♏ㄽ㹃ࠖࠕࢪᩥㄽ㹂ࠖ 㸦⛅Ꮫᮇ㸧ࠕୡ⏺ࡢㅖゝㄒࠖ ࠙ࡑࡢࡢάືࠚ ձᏛෆ ᩍົጤဨㄒᏛᤵᴗ㐠Ⴀ㒊 ༠ᐃᰯࢥ࣮ࢹࢿ࣮ࢱ࣮㸦࣮ࣚࢸ࣎ࣜᏛ㸧 ղᏛእ ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠ᇶ┙◊✲(B)ࠕ୰ୡࣔࣥࢦࣝㄒ◊✲ࡢ⤫ྜࠖ㸦◊✲ศᢸ⪅㸧 ゝㄒ⫈ぬኈヨ㦂ၥ㢟సᡂጤဨ ࠙ᡤᒓᏛࠚ ᪥ᮏゝㄒᏛࠊ᪥ᮏ㡢ኌᏛ㸦ホ㆟ဨ㸧 ࠊInternational Phonetic Associationࠊ᪥ᮏ㡢㡩ㄽᏛࠊ ᪥ᮏㄒᏛࠊᮾ᪉ᏛࠊThe Altaic Society of Koreaࠊ᪥ᮏࣔࣥࢦࣝᏛ㸦⌮㸧 ࠊThe Mongolia Society 14 ڦᓥ⏣ࡵࡄࡳ ࠙ᡤᒓ㒊㛛ࠚ ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱㒊㛛 ࠙◊✲ศ㔝ࠚ ゝㄒࢸࢫࢺࠊゝㄒ᥋ゐ ࠙◊✲άືࠚ ձⴭ᭩ ࠕ➨ ❶࠺ホ౯ࡍࡿࠖ㐲⸨⧊ᯞ㸦⦅㸧ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࢆᏛࡪ̿ࡑࡢṔྐࡽ⌧ሙࡲ࡛̿ ࠙➨∧ࠚ࠘ࠊ୕ಟ♫ࠊppࠊ ղㄽᩥ ࠕࣁ࣡ṧࡿ᪥ᮏㄒ̿ࠕ࠾ࡈࠖࢆ୍̿ࠖ ࠗᮾிᏛⱁᏛ⣖せேᩥ♫⛉Ꮫ⣔࠘ࠊ ᮾிᏛⱁᏛࠊppࠊ㸦㧗ᶫஂᏊඹⴭ㸧 ճཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲ ࠕࣁ࣡࠾ࡅࡿ᪥ᮏㄒㄒᙡࡢㄆ▱㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖ・ࡊ؞ᵾ䘀༤㸦⦅㸧ࠗ␗ᩥࢥ࣑ࣗࢽ ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱࠘ ୡ⏺᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࠊኳὠእᅜㄒᏛࠊ㸦ࣁ ࢼࢩ࣭ࣟࢳࣕࢻඹྠ㸧 ࠕ୰ᅜㄒヰ⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪥ᮏㄒㄒᙡ⬟ຊㄆ▱デ᩿ࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖಟ⇂࣭ᮤ㏅༤㸦⦅㸧ࠗ␗ᩥ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱࠘ࠊ ୡ⏺᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࠊኳὠእ ᅜㄒᏛࠊ㸦Ꮮ࣭㇂㒊ᘯᏊඹྠ㸧 ࠕCan-do statements 㡯┠ࡽᅇ⟅⪅ࡣᐇ㝿ఱࢆ㉳ࡍࡿࠖࠗ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱᪉ἲ◊✲ㄅ࠘ VolNoࠊࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱᪉ἲ◊✲➨ ᅇ◊✲ࠊி㒔እᅜㄒᏛࠊ 㸦㮵ᔱᙲ࣭ಖᆏᩄᏊඹྠ㸧 ࠕࣁ࣡᪥⣔ேࡼࡿゝㄒษ᭰࠼ࡢᐇែࠖࠗᮾࢪ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱࣭᪥ᮏᩥ◊✲Ꮫ ᖺᗘᅜ㝿Ꮫ⾡Ⓨ⾲Ⓨ⾲せ᪨ᩥ࠘ࠊᮾࢪ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱࣭᪥ᮏᩥ◊✲Ꮫ ᖺᗘ ᅜ㝿Ꮫ⾡Ⓨ⾲ࠊࣃࣜᅜ㝿Ꮫ㒔ᕷ᪥ᮏ㤋ࠊ ࠕCan-do statements 㡯┠ࡽᅇ⟅⪅ࡣᐇ㝿ఱࢆ㉳ࡍࡿ̿ᾏእࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ ࡋ࡚̿ࠖࠗ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲㞟ᮾᆅ༊ண✏㞟࠘᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱Ꮫࠊࠊ⛅⏣Ꮫࠊ 㸦㮵ᔱᙲ࣭ಖᆏᩄᏊඹྠ㸧 մࡑࡢ ሗ࿌᭩ ࠕ⫈ゎࠖ♫ᅋἲே᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱Ꮫ⦅㞟ࠗᖹᡂᖺᗘ᪥ᮏㄒ⬟ຊヨ㦂ศᯒホ౯㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌ ᭩࠘ࠊppࠊᅜ㝿ὶᇶ㔠࣭㈈ᅋἲே᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱༠ࠊ ㅮ₇ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿホ౯ࢆ⪃ࡍࡿࠖ⌰⌫Ꮫ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮)'◊ಟࠊ ࠙ᩍ⫱άືࠚ ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛤タ⛉┠ 㸦Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ᛂ⏝ Aࠖ ࠊࠕ᪥◊⏕≉ู₇⩦ Aࠖࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ࣭ ≉ู₇⩦ A㸦ࣉࣟࢪ ࢙ࢡࢺ㸧ࠖ 㸦⛅Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ヰ Bࠖࠊ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ಶูᣦᑟࠖ ࠊ ࠕ᪥◊⏕≉ู₇⩦ Bࠖ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ≉ ู₇⩦ B㸦ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㸧 ࠖ Ꮫ㒊㛤タ⛉┠ 㸦Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕᏛⱁࣇࣟࣥࢸ⛉┠㸦␃Ꮫ⏕Ꮫࡪୡ⏺ࡢࡇࡤᩥ㸧ࠖ 15 Ꮫ㝔㛤タ⛉┠ 㸦Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕከゝㄒከᩥᩍ⫱◊✲ἲ㸦ce㸧ࠖ ▷ᮇ◊ಟࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ࠕከゝㄒከᩥ♫ࣁ࡛࣡᪥⣔⛣Ẹࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡪࠖ 㸦㸧⏬ࠊᘬ⋡ ࠙ࡑࡢࡢάືࠚ ձᏛෆ ༠ᐃᰯࢥ࣮ࢹࢿ࣮ࢱ࣮㸦ࣁ࣡Ꮫࣄࣟᰯࠊ࢚ࣛࣥࢤࣥ=ࢽࣗࣝࣥ࣋ࣝࢡᏛ㸧 ⥲ྜⓗ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࣭ࣛᩍᮦ㛤Ⓨ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢࠕᅜ㝿⌮ゎࡢࡓࡵࡢᩍᮦ㛤Ⓨ̿␃Ꮫ⏕ࢆ ㏻ࡋ࡚▱ࡿୡ⏺ࡢࡇࡤᩥ̿ࠖ㸦ᖹᡂᖺᗘࠥᖺᗘ㸧 ᗈᇦ⛉Ꮫᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⤒㈝ࠕࣁ࣡᪥ᮏㄒ᪂⪺ࠗࣄࣟࢱ࣒ࢫ࠘ࡢࢹࢪࢱࣝࣁ࣡ ᪥ᮏㄒࡢศᯒࠖ㸦௦⾲㸧 ղᏛእ ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠ᇶ┙◊✲(C)ࠕࣁ࣡᪥⣔ேࡼࡿࢥ࣮ࢻษࡾ᭰࠼㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖ㸦◊✲௦ ⾲⪅㸧 ࠙ᡤᒓᏛࠚ ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱Ꮫࠊ᪥ᮏゝㄒࢸࢫࢺᏛࠊ᪥ᮏࢸࢫࢺᏛࠊ᪥ᮏ⛣ẸᏛࠊ♫ゝㄒ⛉Ꮫࠊ ᮾࢪ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱᪥ᮏᩥᏛ 16 ڦチ ኟ⋹ ࠙ᡤᒓ㒊㛛ࠚ ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱㒊㛛 ࠙◊✲ศ㔝ࠚ ㄯヰศᯒࠊㄒ⏝ㄽࠊᑐ↷ゝㄒ◊✲ ࠙◊✲άືࠚ ճཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲ ࠕヰཧຍ⪅ࡼࡿ FTA ㍍ῶࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢ⏝ᐇែ̿᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ ⪅ࡢሙྜ̿ࠖࠗ♫ゝㄒ⛉Ꮫ➨ Ⓨ⾲ㄽᩥ㞟࠘ մࡑࡢ ࠕእᅜே᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢຠᯝⓗ࡞ヰᣦᑟ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲̿᪥ᖖヰ࠾ࡅࡿࠗ᭕ ⾲⌧࠘ࡢ⏝┠ⓗຠᯝ̿ࠖࠊᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ㔜Ⅼ◊✲㈝◊✲ㄢ㢟 ࠙ᩍ⫱άືࠚ ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛤タ⛉┠ 㸦Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ సᩥ Aࠖࠊ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ₎Ꮠ Aࠖ ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ㅮㄞ Aࠖ 㸦⛅Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ᩥἲ Bࠖ ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ヰ Bࠖ ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ సᩥ Bࠖ Ꮫ㝔㛤タ⛉┠ 㸦Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ◊✲≉ㄽ Cࠖ ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱≉ู◊✲ ,ࠖࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱≉ู◊✲ ,,,ࠖ 㸦⛅Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ◊✲≉ㄽ Dࠖࠊ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱≉ู◊✲ ,,ࠖࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱≉ู◊✲ ,9ࠖ ⮬᪥ᮏㄒࢮ࣑㸦Ꮫᮇ࣭⛅Ꮫᮇ㸧 ᭶ ᅇ ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࠕࢥ࣮ࣃࢫࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࡢศᯒࠖ㸦ྡྂᒇᏛᏛ㝔ᩍᤵἑ┤ᏹẶ㸧ࡢ㛤 ദࠊ ࠙ࡑࡢࡢάືࠚ ձᏛෆ 㑅ᣲ⟶⌮ጤဨጤဨ㛗 ᗂ⛶ᅬᩍဨ㈨᱁ㄆᐃヨ㦂ᐇ㒊ጤဨ ղᏛእ ᰗἑබẸ㤋ദ᪥ᮏㄒᩍᖌ㣴ᡂㅮᗙ㸦➨ ᅇࠕᏛ⩦⪅ࡢㄗ⏝ࡽ᪥ᮏㄒࢆぢࡿ ࠖࠊ ➨ ᅇࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍᮦࡢసᡂࠖ㸧 ࠙ᡤᒓᏛࠚ ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱Ꮫࠊ♫ゝㄒ⛉Ꮫࠊ㤶 ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱◊✲ 17 ڦ㇂㒊ᘯᏊ ࠙ᡤᒓ㒊㛛ࠚ ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱㒊㛛 ࠙◊✲ศ㔝ࠚ ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᏛ ࠙◊✲άືࠚ ձⴭ᭩ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᏛࡪே࣭ᩍ࠼ࡿேࠖࠊ㐲⸨⧊ᯞ⦅ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࢆᏛࡪ̿ࡑࡢṔྐࡽ⌧ሙࡲ࡛ ̿࠙➨∧ࠚ ࠘୕ಟ♫ppࠊ 㛵ṇ࣭ᅵᒱဴ࣭ᖹ㧗ྐஓ⦅ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ྀ᭩ࡘࡃࡿ₎Ꮠᩍᮦࢆసࡿ࠘ࢫ࣮࢚࣮ࣜࢿࢵ ࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸦ຍ⣡༓ᜨᏊ࣭⚄ᬛ࣭ΎỈⓒྜ࣭㒌ಇᾏ࣭▼ዉಖ⨾࣭▼ᜨ⌮Ꮚඹⴭ㸧 ճཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲ ࠕ୰ᅜㄒヰ⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪥ᮏㄒㄒᙡ⬟ຊㄆ▱デ᩿ࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖ㸪ୡ⏺᪥ㄒᩍ⫱◊✲ ࠊ୰ᅜ࣭ኳὠࠊࠗ␗ᩥࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱࠘ ppᓥ⏣ࡵࡄࡳ࣭Ꮮඹྠ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒⓎヰᮎࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ▱ぬ࠾ࡅࡿẕㄒ㌿⛣ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ̿᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅࠾ ࡼࡧ୰ᅜே࣭ࢻࢶே࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫே᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢẚ㍑ࡽ̿ࠖThe 13th International Conference of The EAJS࣭➨ᅇ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࠊ࢚ࢫࢺࢽ࣭ࢱࣜࣥࠊ 㸦The 13th international conference of the EAJS Abstracts: Section 10: Translating and Teaching Japanese: Webୖ㸧す⾜༤࣭ᯘ᫂Ꮚඹྠ մࡑࡢ 㔝ཱྀ⿱அࠊᓥ⏣ࡵࡄࡳࠊ㟷ᮌ୍ࠊᰠᒣ♩⨾ࠊᑠᰗ࠾ࡿࠊ୕ᯞ௧ᏊࠊᏞࠊ㇂㒊ᘯᏊࠊ ⏣Ꮚ㸦㸧ࠗᖹᡂᖺᗘ᪥ᮏㄒ⬟ຊヨ㦂➨ᅇ࣭➨ᅇศᯒホ౯㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌᭩ 㸦CD-ROM㸧Report on the Analysis and Evaluation of the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test 2009 July/December࠘ࢫࢡฟ∧㸦ᮾி㸧ࠊ 㸦ศᢸᇳ➹pp㸧 ࠕࠗ࡞ࡢ࡛࠘ࡢᩥ㢌⏝㛵ࡍࡿぬ࠼᭩ࡁࠖ ࠗࡇࡤ࠘ࠊppࠊ ࠙ᩍ⫱άືࠚ ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛤タ⛉┠ 㸦Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ࣭ ≉ู₇⩦ A㸦ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㸧 ࠖࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ヰ Aࠖ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ₎ Ꮠ Aࠖ 㸦⛅Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ≉ู₇⩦ B㸦᪥ᮏㄒ㸧 ࠖ ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒ ≉ู₇⩦ B㸦ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㸧 ࠖ Ꮫ㒊㛤タ⛉┠ 㸦Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕᏛⱁࣇࣟࣥࢸ⛉┠ Fࠖ Ꮫ㝔㛤タ⛉┠ 㸦⛅Ꮫᮇ㸧 ࠕከゝㄒከᩥᩍ⫱Ꮫ≉ㄽ㸦cm㸧ࠖ ࠙ࡑࡢࡢάືࠚ ձᏛෆ ⥲ྜⓗ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࣭ࣛᩍᮦ㛤Ⓨ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢࠕᅜ㝿⌮ゎࡢࡓࡵࡢᩍᮦ㛤Ⓨ̿␃Ꮫ⏕ࢆ ㏻ࡋ࡚▱ࡿୡ⏺ࡢࡇࡤᩥ̿ࠖ㸦ᖹᡂᖺᗘࠥᖺᗘ㸧 㸦௦⾲㸧 㔜Ⅼ◊✲㈝ࠕᩍ⫱㈨※ࡋ࡚ࡢୡ௦ู᪥ᮏㄒ⮬↛ㄯヰࡢ㞟ᩥᏐࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢసᡂࠖ 18 ղᏛእ ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ᇶ┙◊✲&ࠕእᅜேᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒⓎヰᮎ㡩ᚊࡢ▱ぬ࠾ࡼࡧពㄆ▱ࡢᐇ㦂 ⓗほᐹᩍ⫱ࡢᛂ⏝ࠖ㸦ᖺᗘ㹼ᖺᗘ㸧 JICA᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ᨭጤဨጤဨ JICAᢏ⾡ᑓ㛛ጤဨ࣭ᢏ⾡⿵◊ಟㅮᖌ ࠙ᡤᒓᏛࠚ ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱Ꮫࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᏛࠊ♫ゝㄒ⛉Ꮫ㸦⦅㞟ጤဨ㸧 ࠊEAJS㸦࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ᪥ᮏ◊✲༠㸧 19 ㈨ᩱ㸯 ᪥ᮏㄒ⛉┠㸦᪥ᮏㄒ㸯ࠥ㸳㸧୍ぴ㸦㸨༳ࡣᏛ㒊㛤タ⛉┠㸧 ڦᏛᮇ ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸯 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯⥲ྜ $ ᮾἨ ⿱Ꮚ㸦ࡦࡀࡋ࠸ࡎࡳ ࡺ࠺ࡇ㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ ᵝࠎ࡞✀㢮ࡢᩥ❶ࢆㄞࡳࠊ⌮ゎࡋࡓࡾឤࡌ ࡓࡾࡋࡓࡇࢆ⮬ศࡢゝⴥࡸ᪉ἲ࡛⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ⥲ྜⓗ࡞㐠⏝⬟ຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᑐㄯࠊ࢚ࢵࢭࠊྎᮏ࡞ᵝࠎ࡞✀㢮ࡢᩥ❶ࢆྵࡴᮏࢆ ㄞࡴࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆỴࡵ㸦ᮏ 㛵㐃ࡍࡿࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿࠊᐇ㝿ࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ₇ࠖࢆ₇ࡌࡿࠊ⣬Ⱚᒃࡸ⤮ᮏࢆసᡂࡍࡿ࡞㸧ࠊ ᭱ᚋⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ₇࠘㸦㜰Ꮫฟ∧ ᖺ 㸧 ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊㄢ㢟࣭Ⓨ⾲ 㸣 㸨᪥ᮏㄒ㸯సᩥ $㸦ᑓ㛛᪥ᮏㄒ࣭Ꮫ⾡ㄽᩥ ,㸧 ᒸ ᬛஅ㸦࠾ ࡶࡺࡁ㸧ⅆ࣭ C ࠙┠ᶆࠚ」㞧࡛ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ᭩ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᏛ࡛ࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡸㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡇࢆᐃࡋࠊసᡂᙜࡓࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡸ᪉ἲㄽ㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡁࠊࠕࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ タᐃࡋࠊ⮬㌟ࡢຊ࡛ㄪ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓሗࢆ᰿ᣐࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬㌟ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆㄽࡌࡿࠖࡓࡵࡢ᪥ᮏㄒࡢຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࠋ 1. ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࡞ࡢᩥ❶ࡢᙧᘧࡸࠊㄽ⌮ⓗᩥ❶࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ⾲⌧ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡪࠋ 2. ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆసᡂࡍࡿ⤒㐣ࢆయ㦂ࡋࠊࡑࡢ᪉ἲㄽࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡪࠋ 3. ⮬㌟ࡢ⌮ゎࡸ⪃࠼ࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢᵓ࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊཱྀ㢌࡛ఏ࠼ࡿࠋ 4. ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆసᡂࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ⏣㯞㔛ࠗㄽᩥ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ࠘ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧ࠊࠊ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᖹᖖⅬ㸦ᤵᴗࡢཧຍ≧ἣ㸧㸣ࠊㄢ㢟ࡢᥦฟ࣭Ⓨ⾲㸦 ᅇ㸧㸣ࠊ᭱⤊࣏࣮ࣞࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯సᩥ $ チ ኟ⋹㸦ࣇ ࣁ࣮ࣜࣥ㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ」㞧࡛ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ᭩ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࡛ᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ᩥ❶ࡢ᭩ࡁ᪉ࠊࢫࢱࣝࢆᏛࡪྠࠊ᪤⩦ࡢ᥋⥆モࠊモࠊᩥᮎ⾲⌧➼ࢆࡶ࠺ ୍ᗘ☜ㄆࡋࠊ⦎⩦ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣 ᐟ㢟 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯ㅮㄞ $ ᶓᒣ Ꮚ㸦ࡼࡇࡸࡲ ࡎࡇ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ」㞧࡛ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀㄞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡸᏛ⾡ㄽᩥ࡞ࡢᩥ❶ࢆㄞࡴࡢᚲせ࡞ᩥἲ▱㆑࣭ᵓ㐀㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࢆᏛࡧ࡞ࡀࡽࠊྛ⮬ࡢᑓ㛛 ศ㔝ࡢㄽᩥࢆㄞࡴࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏ⓗㄞゎຊࢆࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗᏛ࣭Ꮫ㝔␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒճ ㄽᩥㄞゎ⦅࠘ࣝࢡ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊᐃᮇヨ㦂 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯ㅮㄞ $ ᱇ ༓ెᏊ㸦ࡘࡽ ࡕࡇ㸧ⅆ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ」㞧࡛ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀㄞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪂⪺ࠊ㞧ㄅࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊᐇ㝿ฟ∧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᮏ࡞ࡽࠊཷㅮ⪅ࡢᕼᮃ࡞ࢆཧ⪃ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢࢸ࣮࣐ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ」ᩘࡢᩥ❶ࢆࡾ࠶ࡆ࡚ㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࠋㄒᙡࢆቑࡸࡋࠊࢃࡾࡃ࠸ᩥᆺࠊ⾲⌧ࠊᩥࡢᵓ㐀ࡢゎㄝࢆ୰ ᚰ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ₎Ꮠࡢㄞࡳ᪉ࡸࢃࡽ࡞࠸༢ㄒࡢព࡞ࡢண⩦ࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡼ࠺ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ⋡ 㸣 ࢸࢫࢺ㸦 ᅇࡢᖹᆒⅬ㸧㸣 20 㸨᪥ᮏㄒ㸯ヰ $㸦ᑓ㛛᪥ᮏㄒ࣭Ꮫ⾡Ⓨ⾲ ,㸧 㰻⸨ ࡦࢁࡳ㸦ࡉ࠸࠺ ࡦࢁࡳ㸧ᮌ࣭ S ࠙┠ᶆࠚ」㞧࡛ࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡇࡀヰࡏࠊ┦ᡭࡸሙ㠃ᛂࡌࡓ㐺ษ࡞ヰࡋ᪉ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡲࡗࡓෆᐜࡢᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ㄯ ヰࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚヰ㢟ᥦ౪ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡾࠊᥦࡉࢀࡓࢸ࣮࣐ ࡘ࠸࡚ࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺άືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡢពぢࡸ⪃ ࠼ࢆ᰿ᣐࢆ♧ࡋ࡚㏙ࡿຊࡸࠊ⪺ࡁᡭࡢ⌮ゎࡸᛂᛂࡌ࡚㏙᪉ࢆᕤኵࡍࡿຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࠋලయ ⓗࡣࠊ⮬㌟ࡢ 㛵ᚰࡽࢸ࣮࣐ࢆỴᐃࡋࠊ᪂⪺ࡸࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡞ࡽᚓࡓሗࢆ⏝ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽヰ㢟ᥦ౪ࢆࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࢆཷ ࡅ࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ≉࡞ࡋࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ㸦㸣㸧 ᤵᴗ୰ࡢཧຍ≧ἣ㸦㸣㸧 ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㸦㸣㸧 ۻᒚಟᏛ⏕ࡣ ྡࡲ࡛ࡍࡿࠋ⮬㌟ࡢពぢࡸ⪃࠼ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ㏙ࡿࡇࢆồࡵࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯ヰ $ ᕝ ᬗ㸦ࡋࡪࢃ ࠶ࡁ㸧ⅆ࣭ W ࠙┠ᶆࠚ」㞧࡛ࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡇࡀヰࡏࠊ┦ᡭࡸሙ㠃ᛂࡌࡓ㐺ษ࡞ヰࡋ᪉ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡲࡗࡓෆᐜࡢᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ㄯ ヰࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᮏࡸ᪥ᮏே㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿグࢆ᪂⪺ࠊ㞧ㄅࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ➼ࡽ㑅ࡧࠊࡑࡢグ㛵ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࢆࡍ ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊࡑࡢグ ࡢෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚ၥឤࡌࡓࡇ࠶ࡽࡓ⯆ࢆぬ࠼ࡓࡇ࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏேࣥ ࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡶሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞సᴗࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏே ࡢヰࡋ᪉ࠊࣁࣥࢻ࢘ࢺࡢ᭩ࡁ᪉ࠊຠᯝⓗ ࡞Ⓨ⾲ࡢ᪉ࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ ணࡉࢀࡿάືࡣୗグࡢ࠾ࡾ ⮬ศ࡛㸸グࢆ㑅ࡪࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆࡍࡿࠊࣁࣥࢻ࢘ࢺࢆసᡂࡍࡿ ࢡࣛࢫ࡛㸸ࣁࣥࢻ࢘ࢺࢆࡶグࡢෆᐜࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿࠊࢡࣛࢫ࣓࣮ࢺࡢ㉁ᛂ ⟅࣭㆟ㄽ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ≉࡞ࡋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊⓎ⾲࣭ࣁࣥࢻ࢘ࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯ᩥἲ$ ⚟ᓥ ᜨ⨾Ꮚ㸦ࡩࡃࡋࡲ ࠼ࡳࡇ㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚୖ⣭ࡢᩥἲ㡯┠ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᮏㄒ⬟ຊࢸࢫࢺ 㸪 ⣭ࡢᑐ⟇ၥ㢟ࢆ୰ᚰ୰ୖ⣭ࡢᩥἲၥ㢟ࢆゎࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⩦ࠊᩚ⌮ࡋࠊୖ⣭ࡢᩥἲ 㡯┠ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓᩗㄒ ⾲⌧ࢆ⩦ࡋࠊᐃ╔ࢆࡣࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ⋡ 㸣ࠊᤵᴗཧຍែᗘ 㸣ࠊᑠࢸࢫࢺ㸦㝸㐌㸧㸣ࠊᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯₎Ꮠ $ ᑠす 㸦ࡇࡋ ࡲ㸧᭶࣭ C ࠙┠ᶆࠚ Ꮠ⛬ᗘࡢ₎Ꮠ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀࢆࡗࡓㄒᙡࡢ㐠⏝ຊࢆࡘࡅࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚྛᑓ㛛ศ㔝≉ᚩⓗ࡞₎ᏐㄒࡢᏛ⩦ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ㄒᙡࢆᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࠋඛᏛᮇᢅࢃ࡞ࡗࡓㄢࢆ୰ᚰࠊࢸ࢟ ࢫࢺࡢ୰ࡽ 㹼 ࡘࡢㄢࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛ᢅ࠺ணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋㄢࡈ⩦ࢡࢬࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ㝶ㄢ㢟ࡶฟࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗIntermediate Kanji Book, Vol.2࠘ซே♫ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣ࠊྛㄢࡢ⩦ࢸࢫࢺ 㸣ࠊᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣ࠊᥦฟ≀㸦ᐟ㢟㸧㸣 㸨᪥ᮏㄒ㸯≉ู₇⩦$㸦ᑓ㛛᪥ᮏㄒ࣭ࣅࢪࢿࢫ ,㸧 ⃝ ᑦ㸦ࡁࡓࡊࢃ ࡓࡋ㸧㔠࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚࣅࢪࢿࢫ㛵ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏㄒ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࡢ⌧ሙ࡛㐺ษ᪥ᮏㄒࢆ㐠⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿᐇ㊶ ຊࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚࣅࢪࢿࢫࡸࡢ⌧ሙ࡛᪥ᮏㄒࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞᪥ᮏㄒ⬟ຊࢆ ࢵࣉࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᤵᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭱ึࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ⾲⌧ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞࣮ࣝࣝࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࠊࡑࡢୖ ࡛ࠊ♫ேྍ Ḟ࡞ゝⴥ࡙࠸ࡢ࢚ࢳࢣࢵࢺࠊᩗㄒࡢᇶᮏ࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゎㄝࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊᒚṔ᭩࣭࢚ࣥࢺ࣮ࣜࢩ࣮ࢺࡢ᭩ࡁ ᪉ࠊᡭ⣬ࡸ࣓࣮ࣝࡢ᭩ࡁ᪉ࠊ㟁 ヰ࡛ࡢᛂᑐࡢ࣐ࢼ࣮ࠊࣅࢪࢿࢫᩥ᭩ࡢసᡂࡢࡋ᪉࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿணᐃ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ⓗ࡞ㅮ⩏࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㢖⦾ㄢ㢟ࢆฟࡋࠊᑠࢸࢫࢺࡶ⾜࠺ணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡣ≉⏝ࡏࡎࠊᤵᴗ୰ࣉࣜࣥࢺࢆ㓄ࡍࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᖹᖖⅬホ౯㸦ฟᖍ≧ἣࠊᤵᴗࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ཧຍࠊㄢ㢟ࡢᥦฟ≧ἣ㸧㸣 Ꮫᮇᮎ➹グヨ㦂 㸣 21 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯࣭㸰Ⓨ㡢 $ ᩪ⸨ ⣧⏨㸦ࡉ࠸࠺ ࡼࡋ࠾㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ᪥ᮏㄒࡽࡋ࠸ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚࢡࢭࣥࢺࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᴫせࢆᏛࡧࠊ⦎⩦ࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺࢆ㓄ᕸࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍᤵᴗࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳ≧ἣࡼࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏㄒ ࣭≉ู₇⩦ $㸦ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㸧㸦Ꮫⱁࣇࣟࣥࢸ⛉┠㸧 ᓥ⏣ ࡵࡄࡳ㸦ࡋࡲࡔ ࡵࡄࡳ㸧㇂㒊 ᘯᏊ㸦ࡸ ࡦࢁࡇ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ᪥ᮏࡸ᪥ᮏㄒࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡶ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞㐠⏝⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉసᴗࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ࡞ࡿࡃලయⓗ࡞ゝㄒ࣭㠀ゝㄒ⾜ືࢆฟⓎⅬ ࠊ᪥ᮏࢆࡩࡃࡴࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᅜ࣭ᆅᇦࡢࡇࡤࡸᩥࡢၥ㢟ࢆࢇࡀ࠼ࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ࡞ࡋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚⓎ⾲࠾ࡼࡧ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࠊฟᖍࠊᤵᴗࡢཧຍ≧ἣ࡞ࡼࡾ⥲ྜⓗุ᩿ࡍࡿ 使Ꮫ㒊ᤵᴗࡢྜྠᤵᴗ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕␃Ꮫ⏕ࡼࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉసᴗࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ᭱ᚋࡲ࡛ฟᖍ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ ࠊ✚ᴟⓗཧຍࡍࡿࡇࡀ᮲௳࡛ࡍࠋᐃဨ ྡࠋ ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸰 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰⥲ྜ $ ᒸ ᬛஅ㸦࠾ ࡶࡺࡁ㸧㔠࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ⪅ࡢ⪃࠼ࡸពぢࡢࡸࡾࡾࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࠖࢆ⮬ศ⮬㌟࡛ࡘࡳࠊ⪅ࢃࡿࡼ࠺⾲⌧ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡢ⾲⌧ຊࢆࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࢸ࣮࣐ࢆタᐃࡋࠊㄪᰝࠊⓎ⾲ࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆ᭩ࡃࡇࢆ㏻ ࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕ࡁࡓ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⥲ྜຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࡢ⤫୍ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆỴࡵࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⯆࣭㛵ᚰࡽྛ⮬ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࢆᐃࡵࠊㄪᰝࠊⓎ⾲ࠊウㄽࠊ┦ ホ౯࡞ࡢάືࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ࡞ࡋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᖹᖖⅬ㸦ᤵᴗࡢཧຍ≧ἣ㸧㸣ࠊⓎ⾲ 㸣ࠊ᭱⤊࣏࣮ࣞࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰సᩥ $ ᱇ ༓ెᏊ㸦ࡘࡽ ࡕࡇ㸧ⅆ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ⮬ศࡢពぢࢆ㏙ࡓࡾࠊᚅ㐝⾲⌧ࡀ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ 1. ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢෆᐜἢࡗ࡚᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥ❶ࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵᚲせ࡞࣮ࣝࣝࢆᏛࡪࠋ 2. ⮬ศࡢ᭩ࡁࡓ࠸ࡇࢆ᫂☜ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚᪥ᮏㄒ࡛⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ 3. ࢡࣛࢫ࣓࣮ࢺࡢ᭩࠸ࡓࡶࡢࠊ⪃࠼ࡓࡇࢆ࠸▱ࡾࠊࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢࡓࡵࡢࡇࡇࡀษᩥ❶⾲⌧ࡢ࣮ࣝࣝ࠘ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ⋡ 㸣 ᥦฟ≀ 㸣 ㄢ㢟సᩥ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰సᩥ $ 㣤㔝 Ύኈ㸦࠸࠸ࡢ ࡁࡼࡋ㸧㔠࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ⮬ศࡢពぢࢆ㏙ࡓࡾࠊᚅ㐝⾲⌧ࡀ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚ ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰ㅮㄞ $ ఀ⬟ ⿱㸦࠸ࡢ࠺ ࡦࢁ࠶ࡁ㸧ⅆ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚලయⓗ࡞ᩥ❶ෆᐜ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ㛗ࡉࡢᩥ❶ࡀㄞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚㄽᩥ࡞ࡢㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ᩥ❶ࢆㄞࡴࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏ⓗ࡞ㄞゎຊ㸦ᩥᆺ࣭⾲⌧ࡢᩚ⌮ࠊᩥ❶ᵓ㐀ࡢ⌮ゎࠊ࡞㸧ࢆ㣴 ࠺ࠋᩍ⛉᭩௨እࠊᩥἲࡸ⾲⌧ࡢ⦎⩦ࠊ▷ᩥࢆㄞࡴ⦎⩦࡞ࡶࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ࣭ࢪࣕࣃࢽ࣮ࢬ◊✲⦅ⴭࠗᏛ࣭Ꮫ㝔␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ ㄞゎ⦅࠘ࣝࢡ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣ࠊᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣 22 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰ㅮㄞ $ ᒸ ᬛஅ㸦࠾ ࡶࡺࡁ㸧Ỉ࣭ S ࠙┠ᶆࠚලయⓗ࡞ᩥ❶ෆᐜ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ㛗ࡉࡢᩥ❶ࡀㄞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥ❶ࢆ㏿ࡃṇ☜ㄞࡴᢏ⾡ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣌ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡢࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ ➼ࡶྲྀࡾධࢀࠊㄞࡴຊࢆࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗ୰࣭ୖ⣭⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㏿ㄞࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ࠘ᒸࡲࡺࡳⴭࠊThe Japan Times ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᖹᖖⅬ㸦ᤵᴗࡢཧຍ≧ἣ㸧㸣ࠊᥦฟ≀ 㸣ࠊᮇᮎヨ㦂 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰ヰ $ ఀ⬟ ⿱㸦࠸ࡢ࠺ ࡦࢁ࠶ࡁ㸧ⅆ࣭ W ࠙┠ᶆࠚ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࡸẼᣢࡕࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡞ࡲࡲࡗࡓㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶ ࡢࡶὶࢀࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᩗㄒࡢࡋࡃࡳࢆຮᙉࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ሙ㠃࡛ࠊヰࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺⦎⩦ࢆࡋࡲࡍࠋヰࡍ⦎⩦ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ ࡃࠊヰ࡛ࢃࢀࡿ⾲⌧࡞ࢆ᭩࠸࡚⦎⩦ࡍࡿㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣ࠊᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊㄢ㢟 㸣ࠊᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰ヰ $ ⚟ᓥ ᜨ⨾Ꮚ㸦ࡩࡃࡋࡲ ࠼ࡳࡇ㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࡸẼᣢࡕࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡞ࡲࡲࡗࡓㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶ ࡢࡶὶࢀࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᏛ⏕ࡀேබࡢᫎ⏬ࢆࡾ࠶ࡆࠊᫎ⏬ࡢ୰࡛ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿㄒᙡࠊ⾲⌧ࢆᏛࡧࠊᐇ㊶⧅ࡀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ヰ ⦎⩦ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡿࢸ࣮࣐࡛ࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡸࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞άືࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡼࡗ ࡚ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊࢆ⥲ྜⓗ㧗ࡵࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ⋡ 㸣ࠊᤵᴗཧຍែᗘ 㸣ࠊヰ 㸣ࠊⓎ⾲ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰ᩥἲ $ ▼ᓮᬗᏊ㸦࠸ࡋࡊࡁ ࠶ࡁࡇ㸧ᮌ࣭ S ࠙┠ᶆࠚ୰⣭ᚋ༙㹼ୖ⣭ࡢᩥἲ㡯┠ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᩥ❶ࡸヰࡢⓗ☜࡞⌮ゎࡋࠊ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ᩥἲࡸᩥᆺࡢពࠊാࡁࠊ࠸᪉ࢆᏛࡪࠋᩍ⛉᭩ࡢᚋ ༙ࢆ୰ᚰᤵᴗࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗ୰⣭᪥ᮏㄒᩥἲせⅬᩚ⌮࣏ࣥࢺ ࠘ࢫ࣮࢚࣮ࣜࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚヨ㦂ࠊᐟ㢟ࠊᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘࡼࡾࠊ⥲ྜⓗุ᩿ࡍࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰₎Ꮠ $ チ ኟ⋹㸦ࣇ ࣁ࣮ࣜࣥ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ Ꮠ⛬ᗘࡢ₎Ꮠࡑࡢ₎ᏐࢆࡗࡓࡇࡤࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ₎Ꮠࡑࡢ₎Ꮠࢆࡗࡓㄒࢆຮᙉࡍࡿࠋẖᅇࠊᑠࢸࢫࢺࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣ࠊᑠࢸࢫࢺ 㸣ࠊᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰⫈ゎ $ ᐑᮏ ௨Ꮚ㸦ࡳࡸࡶ ࡚࠸ࡇ㸧㔠࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚලయⓗ࡞ࡲࡲࡗࡓㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡶὶࢀࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຊࢵࣉࡢࡓࡵࡢ⫈ゎࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏㄒ⬟ຊヨ㦂ᑐ⟇ၥ㢟㞟ࡶ⏝ࡍ ࡿணᐃ࡛ࡍࡀࠊヨ㦂ᑐ⟇୰ᚰࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⥲ྜⓗ࡞⫈ゎຊࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿᤵᴗ࡞ࡿணᐃ࡛ࡍࠋ௨ୗࡣࠊᤵᴗෆᐜ 㸦㸧࡛ࡍࠋ 㡢ࡢ⫈ࡁศࡅࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢ㸤ࢹࢡࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸦 ศ㸧 ⫈ゎၥ㢟㞟㸦 ศ㸧 ࢻ࣐࣭ࣛḷ➼ࡢ⫈ゎ㸦 ศ㸧 ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝᩍᮦࡣࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸࠋࡲࡓ᪥ᮏㄒ⬟ຊヨ㦂ᑐ⟇ၥ㢟㞟㸦㹌㹼㹌 ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸧ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿணᐃ ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᤵᴗึᅇ┦ㄯࡢୖỴᐃࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᖹᖖⅬ…㸣ࠊࢸࢫࢺ㸦ᩘᅇ㸧…㸣࡛ホ౯ࡍࡿணᐃࠋ 使Ḟᖍ ᅇ௨ୖࡢሙྜࡣࠕኻ᱁ࠖ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 23 ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸱 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱⥲ྜ $ ᮤ ㈆᪴㸦 ࢪ࣑ࣙࣥࣥ㸧ⅆ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚึ⣭ᚋ༙ࡢᩥἲ㡯┠ࡸㄒᙡࢆ⩦ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ୰⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢㄒᙡ⾲⌧ࢆᏛࡪࠋලయⓗ࡞ࡇࡀㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡼ ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ᪥ᖖⓗ࡛ලయⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ୰⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢㄒᙡ㸦ࡈ࠸㸧ࡸᩥἲࢆຮᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ᪥ᮏேࡘ࠸࡚᭩ࢀࡓᩥ❶ࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ ࡃࠋࡑࢀࡽࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢸ࣮࣐㛵㐃ࡋࡓヰࡸⓎ⾲ࢆࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗୖ⣭ࡢࡧࡽ࠘㸦ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧㸧 ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ㸦ࡉࢇ㸧㸣ࠊࢡࢬ㸬ㄒᙡ㸬ࢸࢫࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱⥲ྜ $ ᮤ ㈆᪴㸦 ࢪ࣑ࣙࣥࣥ㸧ⅆ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚึ⣭ᚋ༙ࡢᩥἲ㡯┠ࡸㄒᙡࢆ⩦ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ୰⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢㄒᙡ⾲⌧ࢆᏛࡪࠋලయⓗ࡞ࡇࡀㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡼ ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ᪥ᖖⓗ࡛ලయⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ୰⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢㄒᙡ㸦ࡈ࠸㸧ࡸᩥἲࢆຮᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ᪥ᮏேࡘ࠸࡚᭩ࢀࡓᩥ❶ࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ ࡃࠋࡑࢀࡽࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢸ࣮࣐㛵㐃ࡋࡓヰࡸⓎ⾲ࢆࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗୖ⣭ࡢࡧࡽ࠘㸦ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧㸧 ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ㸦ࡉࢇ㸧㸣ࠊࢡࢬ㸬ㄒᙡ㸬ࢸࢫࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱సᩥ $ ᆏ⏣ ╬῝㸦ࡉࡓ ࡴࡘࡳ㸧ⅆ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚලయⓗ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡲࡲࡾࡢ࠶ࡿᩥ❶ࡀ᭩ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚୗグࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆ⏝ࡋࠊ⾲⌧ࡸᩥἲࢆ Ꮫࡧ࡞ࡀࡽࠊṇ☜㸦ࡏ࠸ࡃ㸧࡞᭩ࡁゝⴥ࡛ཎ✏⏝⣬㸦ࡆࢇࡇ࠺ ࡼ࠺ࡋ㸧➼᭩ࡃࠋணᐃ࡛ࡣᏛᮇ୰ ᅇཎ✏⏝⣬᭩ࡁᥦฟࡍࡿࠋ┤ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣᚲࡎΎ᭩㸦ࡏ࠸ࡋࡻ㸧ࢆࡍ ࡿࠋཎ✏⏝⣬᭩ࡃసᩥ㸦 ᅇࡢ࠺ࡕ ᅇ㸧Ύ᭩ࡣᐟ㢟࡞ࡿࠋᤵᴗ୰ࡣࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆㄞࡳࠊ▷సᩥ➼ࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ ୰ࡢ⦎⩦ၥ㢟ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗࢇࡈసᩥࡢ᪉ἲ࠘㸦➨୕᭩ᡣ㸧 ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᖹᖖⅬ 㸣ࠊཎ✏⏝⣬᭩࠸ࡓసᩥࡑࡢΎ᭩ 㸣 ۻฟᖍ㔜ど㸦ࡌࡹ࠺ࡋ㸧ࡢࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࠊḞᖍࡀ ᅇ௨ୖࡢሙྜࡣࠕኻ᱁ࠖ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱ㅮㄞ $ チ ኟ⋹㸦ࣇ ࣁ࣮ࣜࣥ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ᪥ᖖⓗ࡛㛗ࡃ࡞࠸ᩥ❶ࡀㄞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ࠊ᪥ᖖࡢᬽࡽࡋࡢ⌮ゎᙺ❧ࡘᩥ❶ࢆㄞࡴࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺࢆ㓄㸦ࡃࡤ㸧ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣 ᐟ㢟 㸣 ᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱ㅮㄞ $ ᑠụ ᜨᕫᏊ㸦ࡇ࠸ࡅ ࠼ࡳࡇ㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ᪥ᖖⓗ࡛㛗ࡃ࡞࠸ᩥ❶ࡀㄞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᡭ⣬ᩥࡸࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺ࡞ࡢ⏕άࡢ୰ࡢ ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᩥ❶ࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࠊሗ㸦ࡌࡻ࠺࠺㸧ࢆࡘࢇࡔࡾࠊ▷ ࠸ㄝ᫂ᩥࢆㄞࢇ࡛ෆᐜࢆ⌮ゎ㸦ࡾ࠸㸧ࡋࠊᩥἲࡸᵓᡂ㸦ࡇ࠺ࡏ࠸㸧ࢆᏛࢇࡔࡾࡋ࡚ࠊㄞࡴ⦎⩦ ࢆࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ᪥ᮏᩥࡸ⌧௦ࡢ♫ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢺࣆࢵࢡࢆࡾ࠶ࡆ࡚ࠊࡇࡤࢆቑࡸࡋࠊࡑࡢ࠸᪉ࡶຮᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺࢆ㓄㸦ࡃࡤ㸧ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚࢸࢫࢺ 㸣ࠊ ᐟ㢟 㸣ࠊ ཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊ ฟᖍ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱ヰ $ ᑠす 㸦ࡇࡋ ࡲ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚලయⓗ࡞ࡇࡀㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ᪥ᖖⓗ࡛ලయⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ⪺ࡃ⦎⩦ࢆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊヰࡢ⾲⌧㸦ࡦࡻ࠺ࡆࢇ㸧ࢆຮᙉࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊヰࡍ┦ᡭ㸦࠶࠸࡚㸧ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⾲ ⌧ࢆኚ࠼ࡿ⦎⩦ࢆࡋࡲࡍࠋ⪺ࡃ⦎⩦ࡸࣉࣜࣥࢺࡢᐟ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗ⪺࠸࡚ぬ࠼ࡿヰࡋ᪉ ᪥ᮏㄒ⏕୰⥅ ึ୰⣭⦅ ࠘ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣ࠊᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣ࠊᥦฟ≀㸦ᐟ㢟㸧㸣 24 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱ヰ $ ㇂㒊 ᘯᏊ㸦ࡸ ࡦࢁࡇ㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚලయⓗ࡞ࡇࡀㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ᪥ᖖⓗ࡛ලయⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ⮬ศࡢ⤒㦂㸦ࡅ࠸ࡅࢇ㸧ࡸ⮬ศࡀࡼࡃ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿヰ㢟㸦ࢃࡔ࠸㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࢃࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ ࣙࣥࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺⦎⩦ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࡢேࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⪺࠸࡚ࠊࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡁ㉁ၥࡋࡓࡾ ពぢࢆゝࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺⦎⩦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺࠊᅜ㝿ὶᇶ㔠㛵すᅜ㝿ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦㸧ࠗึ⣭ࡽࡢ᪥ᮏㄒࢫࣆ࣮ࢳ—ᅜ࣭ᩥ࣭♫ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡲࡲࡗࡓヰࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵ—࠘ซே♫ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ཧຍ㸦ࡉࢇ㸧㸣ࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱₎Ꮠ $ ᶓᒣ Ꮚ㸦ࡼࡇࡸࡲ ࡎࡇ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚᇶᮏ₎Ꮠ 㹼 ࢆᏛࡪࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࡣ⦎⩦ࢆ୰ᚰ㸦ࡕࡹ࠺ࡋࢇ㸧ࡋࡲࡍࠋண⩦㸦ࡼࡋࡹ࠺㸧ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋẖᅇᑠࢸࢫࢺࢆࡋ ࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗBasic Kanji Book Vol.2࠘ซே♫ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᤵᴗ㸦ࡌࡹࡂࡻ࠺㸧ࡢ✚ᴟᛶ㸦ࡏࡗࡁࡻࡃࡏ࠸㸧㸣ࠊᑠࢸࢫࢺ 㸣ࠊᐃᮇヨ㦂㸦࡚࠸ࡁࡋࡅࢇ㸧 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱⫈ゎ $ ➲┠ ᐇ㸦ࡉࡉࡵ ࡳࡢࡿ㸧㔠࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ᪥ᖖⓗ࡛ලయⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾ⦎⩦㸦බⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊࣉ࣮ࣛ࣋ࢺ࡞ࡶࡢ㸧ࠊ࣏ࣥࢺࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࠊ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ ᤵᴗࡢ✚ᴟᛶ ㄢ㢟 ヨ㦂 ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸲 ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ ࠕ⥲ྜࠖ ࠗࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒึ⣭ IIᮏ࠘ࠊࠗࢇࡈ࠾ࡋࡷࡾࡢࡓࡡ࠘ ࠕᛂ⏝ࠖ ࠗࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒึ⣭ IIึ⣭࡛ㄞࡵࡿࢺࣆࢵࢡ ࠘ࠊࠗࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒึ⣭ II ⫈ゎࢱࢫࢡ ࠘ ࠕ₎Ꮠࠖ ࠗᇶᮏ₎Ꮠ Vol࠘ ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸳 ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ ࠕ⥲ྜࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒึ⣭ ᆅ ࠘ ࠕᩥᏐࠖ ୍ࠗே࡛Ꮫࡿ ࡦࡽࡀ࡞ ࡓ࡞࠘ࠗBasic Kanji Book, Vol.1࠘ ࠕヰࠖ ࠕ⫈ゎࠖ ࠕసᩥࠖ ⛅ڦᏛᮇ ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸯 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯⥲ྜ % ᮤ ㈆᪴㸦 ࢪ࣑ࣙࣥࣥ㸧ⅆ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚᵝࠎ࡞✀㢮ࡢᩥ❶ࢆㄞࡳࠊ⌮ゎࡋࡓࡾឤࡌࡓࡾࡋࡓࡇࢆ⮬ศࡢゝⴥࡸ᪉ἲ࡛⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⥲ ྜⓗ࡞㐠⏝⬟ຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚホㄽࠊᑠㄝࠊ࢚ࢵࢭࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࡞ᵝࠎ࡞ࢪࣕࣥࣝࡢᩥ❶ࢆㄞࢇࡔࡾ⪺࠸ࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࠊࡑࢀࡒ ࢀࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ウㄽࠊⓎ⾲࡞ࡢάືࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊㄢ㢟࣭Ⓨ⾲ 㸣 25 㸨᪥ᮏㄒ㸯సᩥ %>ᑓ㛛᪥ᮏㄒ࣭Ꮫ⾡ㄽᩥϨ@ ෆ⏣ ⣖Ꮚ㸦࠺ࡕࡓ ࡢࡾࡇ㸧ⅆ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ」㞧࡛ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ᭩ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯సᩥ % ఀ⬟ ⿱㸦࠸ࡢ࠺ ࡦࢁ࠶ࡁ㸧ⅆ࣭ C ࠙┠ᶆࠚ」㞧࡛ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ᭩ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ⮬ศࡢసᩥࢆ⮬ศ࡛ホ౯ࡋࠊ᥎ᩙࡍࡿຊࢆࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࠊᵝࠎ࡞⦎⩦ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋసᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡍ ࡛࠶ࡿᩥ❶ࢆಟṇࡍࡿ⦎⩦࡞ࡶ⾜࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀࡣูࠊసᩥᚲせ࡞ࡿモ࡞ࡢᩥἲ㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ࡶ࠺୍ᗘ☜ㄆࡍࡿ⦎⩦ࡶ⾜࠺ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺࢆ㓄ᕸࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣 ᐟ㢟 㸣 ᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯ㅮㄞ% ᶓᒣ Ꮚ㸦ࡼࡇࡸࡲ ࡎࡇ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ」㞧࡛ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀㄞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡸᏛ⾡ㄽᩥ࡞ࡢᩥ❶ࢆㄞࡴࡢᚲせ࡞ᩥἲ▱㆑࣭ᵓ㐀㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࢆᏛࡧ࡞ࡀࡽࠊྛ⮬ࡢᑓ㛛 ศ㔝ࡢㄽᩥࢆㄞࡴࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏ⓗㄞゎຊࢆࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗᏛ࣭Ꮫ㝔␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒճㄽᩥㄞゎ⦅࠘ࣝࢡ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊᐃᮇヨ㦂 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯ㅮㄞ % ▼ᓮ ᬗᏊ㸦࠸ࡋࡊࡁ ࠶ࡁࡇ㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ」㞧࡛ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀㄞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ␗࡞ࡿどⅬࡽࡢሗࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡾࠊᩚ⌮ࡋࠊఏ࠼ࡿࡇࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛࡢ࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ࡞⏕ά࡛ồࡵࡽࢀ ࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⩦ᚓࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗୖ⣭᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⛉᭩ᩥࡢࡲ࡞ࡊࡋࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࠘ᮾிᏛฟ∧ 㸩⛯ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ㸣ࠊᐃᮇヨ㦂㸣 㸨᪥ᮏㄒ㸯ヰ %㸦ᑓ㛛᪥ᮏㄒ࣭Ꮫ⾡Ⓨ⾲ ,,㸧 ᩪ⸨ ࡦࢁࡳ㸦ࡉ࠸࠺ ࡦࢁࡳ㸧ᮌ࣭ C ࠙┠ᶆࠚ」㞧࡛ࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡇࡀヰࡏࠊ┦ᡭࡸሙ㠃ᛂࡌࡓ㐺ษ࡞ヰࡋ᪉ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡲࡗࡓෆᐜࡢᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ㄯ ヰࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯ヰ % ᑠす 㸦ࡇࡋ ࡲ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ」㞧࡛ࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡇࡀヰࡏࠊ┦ᡭࡸሙ㠃ᛂࡌࡓ㐺ษ࡞ヰࡋ᪉ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡲࡗࡓෆᐜࡢᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ㄯ ヰࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᤵᴗࡢ๓༙ࡣࠊ⪺ࡁᡭࡀ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᚲせ࡞せ⣲ࢆ⪃࠼ࠊᚲせ࡞⾲⌧ࠊࣞࢪ࣓ࣗస ᡂࡢᢏἲ࡞ࢆᏛࡪࠋᚋ༙ࡣࠊ⮬ศ࡛ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆỴࡵࠊㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࣞࢪ࣓ࣗࢆసᡂࡋࠊᐇ㝿ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙ ࣥࢆ⾜࠺ࠋཷㅮ⏕┦ࡢάⓎ࡞㆟ㄽࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣ࠊᤵᴗཧຍᗘ࣭ᥦฟ≀ 㸣ࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ 㸣ࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯ᩥἲ % ᒸ ᬛஅ 㸦࠾ ࡶࡺࡁ㸧Ỉ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚୖ⣭ࡢᩥἲ㡯┠ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᮏㄒ⬟ຊࢸࢫࢺ 㸪 ⣭ࡢᑐ⟇ၥ㢟ࢆ୰ᚰ୰ୖ⣭ࡢᩥἲၥ㢟ࢆ ゎࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⩦ࠊᩚ⌮ࡋࠊୖ⣭ࡢᩥ ἲ㡯┠ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓᩗㄒ ⾲⌧ࢆ⩦ࡋࠊᐃ╔ࢆࡣࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ⋡ 㸣ࠊᤵᴗཧຍែᗘ 㸣ࠊᑠࢸࢫࢺ㸦㝸㐌㸧㸣ࠊᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯ᩥἲ % ᪂㇂ ࠶ࡺࡾ㸦ࡋࢇࡸ ࠶ࡺࡾ㸧㔠࣭ N 26 ࠙┠ᶆࠚୖ⣭ࡢᩥἲ㡯┠ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᮏㄒ⬟ຊヨ㦂 ࠊ ⣭ࡢᑐ⟇ၥ㢟࡞ࢆゎࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᩥἲ㡯┠ࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࠊ▷సᩥࢆ㏻ࡌ⩦ᚓࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣ࠊㄢ㢟࣭✚ᴟᗘ 㸣ࠊヨ㦂 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯⫈ゎ % ᑠụ ᜨᕫᏊ㸦ࡇ࠸ࡅ ࠼ࡳࡇ㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ」㞧࡛ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡢὶࢀࡀ⪺ࡁྲྀࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᚲせ࡞ሗࢆࡘࡴࠊពࢆࡘࡴࠊὶࢀࢆࡘࡴࠊ࡞ࡢ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࡢ⦎⩦ࢆࡍࡿࠋࣛࢪ࢜ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠊ ࠶ࡿࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㅮ₇ࠊᑐヰࡸࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ࡞ࡢෆᐜࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊୖ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⾲⌧ࡸ័⏝ⓗ࡞⾲⌧ࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡶ⪺ࡁྲྀࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚࢸࢫࢺ 㸣ࠊࢡࢬ 㸣ࠊᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊฟᖍ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯₎Ꮠ % ᑠす 㸦ࡇࡋ ࡲ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ Ꮠ⛬ᗘࡢ₎Ꮠ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀࢆࡗࡓㄒᙡࡢ㐠⏝ຊࢆࡘࡅࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚྛᑓ㛛ศ㔝≉ᚩⓗ࡞₎ᏐㄒࡢᏛ⩦ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ㄒᙡࢆᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࠋඛᏛᮇᢅࢃ࡞ࡗࡓㄢࢆ୰ᚰࠊࢸ࢟ ࢫࢺࡢ୰ࡽ 㹼 ࡘࡢㄢࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛ᢅ࠺ணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋㄢࡈ⩦ࢸࢫࢺࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗIntermediate Kanji Book Vol.2࠘ซே♫ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣ࠊྛㄢࡢ⩦ࢸࢫࢺ 㸣ࠊᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣ࠊᥦฟ≀㸦ᐟ㢟㸧㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯≉ู₇⩦ %㸦᪥ᮏㄒ㸧 ㇂㒊 ᘯᏊ㸦ࡸ ࡦࢁࡇ㸧㔠࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ⌧௦♫ᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡞ࡢάືࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆㄽ⌮ⓗ㏙ࡿ ຊࢆࡘࡅࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚẚ㍑ⓗ㌟㏆࡞⌧௦♫ࡢฟ᮶㛵ࡍࡿᩥ❶ࡸࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆㄞࡳࠊᩥ❶୰ࡢෆᐜࡸ⾲⌧ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿ ࡶࠊෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚ྛ⮬ពぢࢆ㏙ࠊࡲࡓࠊࡢேࡢពぢࢆ⪺࠸ࡓୖ࡛⮬ศࡢពぢࢆᩥ❶ࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ᪂⪺グ࡞ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᏛ⩦ࡢ㐣⛬ 㸣ࠊᏛ⩦ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦᭱⤊ㄢ㢟㸧㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯≉ู₇⩦ %㸦ࣅࢪࢿࢫ᪥ᮏㄒ㸧>ᑓ㛛᪥ᮏㄒ࣭ࣅࢪࢿࢫ ,,@ チ ဴ㸦࣍ࢳࣙࣝ㸧㔠࣭ S ࠙┠ᶆࠚࣅࢪࢿࢫ㛵ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏㄒ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࡢ⌧ሙ࡛㐺ษ᪥ᮏㄒࢆ㐠⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿᐇ㊶ ຊࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᮏㄒ㛵ࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊྥୖࡢࡓࡵࡢᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞₇⩦ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚᤵᴗࣉࣜࣥࢺࢆ㓄ᕸࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ≧ἣ࡞ࡢᖹᖖⅬ㸦ศ௨ୖࡢ㐜้ࡣཎ๎ࡋ࡚ฟᖍㄆࡵ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧Ꮫᮇᮎࡢ➹グヨ㦂㸦ࣀ࣮ࢺ࣭ ࣉࣜࣥࢺ➼ࡢᣢࡕ㎸ࡳࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸧 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯≉ู₇⩦%㸦ᑠㄝ࡛Ꮫࡪ᪥ᮏㄒ㸧 Ⲩᕳ ᭸Ꮚ㸦࠶ࡽࡲࡁ ࡶࡇ㸧ⅆ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ」㞧࡛ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀㄞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᮏࡢ⌧௦ᩥᏛࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞సᐙࡀ࠸ࡿࡑࡢᴫせࢆࡘࡳࠊྂ࠸ࡶࡢࡽ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡲ࡛࠸ࡃࡘࡢ సရゐࢀ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᑠㄝᑐࡍࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆᚓࡿࡶࠊᑠㄝࢆㄞࡴࡁࡗࡅࢆసࡿࠋࡲࡓᏛ⏕ㄞࢇ ࡔᑠㄝࡢⓎ⾲ࡶࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺࢆ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣 ᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣 ㄢ㢟 㸣 Ⓨ⾲ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯࣭㸰Ⓨ㡢% ᩪ⸨ ⣧⏨㸦ࡉ࠸࠺ ࡼࡋ࠾㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ᪥ᮏㄒࡽࡋ࠸ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚࢡࢭࣥࢺࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᴫせࢆᏛࡧࠊ⦎⩦ࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺࢆ㓄ᕸࡍࡿࠋ 27 ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍᤵᴗࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳ≧ἣࡼࡿࠋ ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸰 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰⥲ྜ % ᶓᒣ Ꮚ㸦ࡼࡇࡸࡲ ࡎࡇ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ⪅ࡢ⪃࠼ࡸពぢࡢࡸࡾࡾࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࠖࢆ⮬ศ⮬㌟࡛ࡘࡳࠊ⪅ࢃࡿࡼ࠺⾲⌧ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡢ⾲⌧ຊࢆࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ ࠕࣛࣇ࣭ࣄࢫࢺ࣮ࣜࠖ ࠕዲࡁ࡞ゝⴥࠖࠕⱝ⪅ࠖ ࠕእᅜேࠖࡢ ࡘࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡛ࠊᅗ᭩ࠊ᪂⪺グࠊ⤫ィ㈨ᩱ࡞ ࢆㄞࡳࠊ⌧௦᪥ᮏ♫ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡲࡍࠋෆᐜࢆண ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᩥ❶ࢆㄞࡴຊࠊㄞࡳࡗࡓෆᐜࢆ᪥ᮏ ㄒ࡛⾲⌧ࡍࡿຊࠊ≀ᑐࡍࡿ⮬ศࡢពぢࢆㄽ⌮ⓗ㏙ࡿຊࢆࡘࡅࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡲࡍࠋ㓄ᕸࡍࡿࣉࣜࣥࢺࢆ ྛ⮬ண⩦ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࡣࡼࡾ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉάືࢆ୰ᚰ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࢸ ࣮࣐ࡈࠊⓎ⾲ࡸࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ⤖ᯝࡢሗ࿌࡞ࡢάືࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺࢆ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᤵᴗࡢ✚ᴟᛶ 㸣ࠊάື㸦ෆᐜ࣭᪥ᮏㄒ㸧㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰సᩥ% ᱇ ༓ెᏊ㸦ࡘࡽ ࡕࡇ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ⮬ศࡢពぢࢆ㏙ࡓࡾࠊᚅ㐝⾲⌧ࡀ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛Ꮫࢇࡔࡇࢆ⏕ࡋ࡚సᩥࢆ᭩ࡃࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗᏛ࣭Ꮫ㝔␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒղసᩥ⦅࠘ࣝࢡ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ⋡ 㸣 ㄢ㢟㸩ࢸࢫࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰సᩥ% ᮤ ㈆᪴㸦 ࢪ࣑ࣙࣥࣥ㸧ⅆ࣭ S ࠙┠ᶆࠚ⮬ศࡢពぢࢆ㏙ࡓࡾࠊᚅ㐝⾲⌧ࡀ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࡛ࡢᩥ❶ࡢ᭩ࡁ᪉ࠊࢫࢱࣝࢆᏛࡪྠࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥ❶ࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵᚲせ࡞࣮ࣝࣝࢆᏛࡪࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊㄢ㢟࣭Ⓨ⾲ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰ㅮㄞ% ᱇ ༓ెᏊ㸦ࡘࡽ ࡕࡇ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚලయⓗ࡞ᩥ❶ෆᐜ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ㛗ࡉࡢᩥ❶ࡀㄞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢㄞࡴᢏ⾡ࢆཧ⪃ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⏕ᩍᮦࢆㄞࡴࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗ㏿ㄞࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ࠘㓄ᕸࣉࣜࣥࢺ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ⋡ 㸣 ᅇࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢᖹᆒⅬ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰ㅮㄞ% ᑠụ ᜨᕫᏊ 㸦ࡇ࠸ࡅ ࠼ࡳࡇ㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚලయⓗ࡞ᩥ❶ෆᐜ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ㛗ࡉࡢᩥ❶ࡀㄞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚㄝ᫂ᩥࠊ≀ㄒᩥ࡞ࡢᩥ❶ࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࠊሗࡸෆᐜࢆṇ☜㸦ࡏ࠸ࡃ㸧ࡘࡴࡶࠊᩥἲࡸ⾲⌧ẁⴠ ᵓᡂ㸦ࡔࢇࡽࡃࡇ࠺ࡏ࠸㸧ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡪࠋ᪥ᮏᩥࡸ♫㛵ࡍࡿグࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࠊෆᐜࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑࡢࢺࣆࢵࢡ ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿࠋ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᩥ❶ࢆㄞࡴࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡤࢆቑࡸࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺࢆ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚࢸࢫࢺ 㸣ࠊᐟ㢟࣭ᥦฟ≀ 㸣ࠊᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊฟᖍ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰ヰ% Ⲩᕳ ᭸Ꮚ㸦࠶ࡽࡲࡁ ࡶࡇ㸧ⅆ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࡸẼᣢࡕࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡞ࡲࡲࡗࡓㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶ ࡢࡶὶࢀࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚሙ㠃ࡸヰࡋᡭྜࢃࡏࠊ㐺ษ࡞ヰࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ࣮ࣟࣉࣉࣞ࡞ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⦎⩦ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㹒㹔␒⤌ ࢆぢ࡚ࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ⦎⩦ࠊ᪂⪺グ࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࡢ⦎⩦ࡶ⾜࠸ࠊ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ヰ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺࢆ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣 ᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣 ㄢ㢟 㸣 Ⓨ⾲ 㸣 28 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰ヰ% チ ኟ⋹㸦ࣇ ࣁ࣮ࣜࣥ㸧ⅆ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࡸẼᣢࡕࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡞ࡲࡲࡗࡓㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶ ࡢࡶὶࢀࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ሙ㠃࡛ヰ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺⦎⩦ࡋࡲࡍࠋヰࡋゝⴥࡢ≉᭷ࡢ⾲⌧ࡶᏛࡧࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ⋡ 㸣ࠊᤵᴗཧຍែᗘ 㸣ࠊヰࢸࢫࢺ㸦 ᅇ㸧㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰ᩥἲ% チ ኟ⋹㸦ࣇ ࣁ࣮ࣜࣥ㸧ⅆ࣭ S ࠙┠ᶆࠚ୰⣭ᚋ༙㹼ୖ⣭ࡢᩥἲ㡯┠ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚㄯヰᩥἲࢆ୰ᚰࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡗ࡚㞴ࡋ࠸ᛮࢃࢀࡿᩥἲ㡯┠ࡸᩥᆺࡢពࠊ⏝ἲࠊᶵ⬟ࢆᏛࡧࠊ㢮ఝ⾲ ⌧ࡢ࠸ศࡅࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺⦎⩦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣ࠊᐟ㢟 㸣ࠊ୰㛫ࢸࢫࢺ࣭ᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰ᩥἲ% ᮤ ㈆᪴㸦 ࢪ࣑ࣙࣥࣥ㸧㔠࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ୰⣭ᚋ༙㹼ୖ⣭ࡢᩥἲ㡯┠ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᩥ❶ࡸヰࢆⓗ☜⌮ゎࡋࠊ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ᩥἲࡸᩥᆺࡢពࠊᶵ⬟ࢆᏛࡪࠋᩍ⛉᭩ࡢ୰ࡢㄢࢆ㑅 ᢥࡋ࡚ᤵᴗࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗ୰⣭᪥ᮏㄒᩥἲせⅬᩚ⌮࣏ࣥࢺ ࠘ 㸦ࢫ࣮࢚࣮ࣜࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸧 ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊᑠࢸࢫࢺ 㸣ࠊᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰₎Ꮠ% ఀ⬟ ⿱㸦࠸ࡢ࠺ ࡦࢁ࠶ࡁ㸧ⅆ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ Ꮠ⛬ᗘࡢ₎Ꮠࡑࡢ₎ᏐࢆࡗࡓࡇࡤࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ₎Ꮠࡑࡢ₎Ꮠࢆࡗࡓㄒࢆຮᙉࡋࠊ࠸᪉ࢆぬ࠼ࡿࠋẖᅇࠊᑠࢸࢫࢺࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗIntermediate Kanji Book,Vol.1࠘ซே♫ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣ᐟ㢟 㸣ᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰⫈ゎ% ୖ㔝 ᕥ⤮㸦࠺࠼ࡢ ࡉ࠼㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚලయⓗ࡞ࡲࡲࡗࡓㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡶὶࢀࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌࡸᫎീࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࡢ⦎⩦ࢆࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚึᅇࡢᤵᴗ࡛┦ㄯࡋ࡚Ỵᐃࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᤵᴗࡢ✚ᴟᛶ 㸣ࠊࢸࢫࢺ 㸣㸦ᑠࢸࢫࢺࢆྵࡴ㸧 ࠋ ᅇ௨ୖࡢḞᖍࡣኻ᱁ࡍࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰≉ู₇⩦%㸦ࢻ࣐࡛ࣛᏛࡪ᪥ᮏㄒ㸧 ᐑᮏ ௨Ꮚ㸦ࡳࡸࡶ ࡚࠸ࡇ㸧Ỉ࣭ S ࠙┠ᶆࠚࡲࡲࡗࡓㄯヰࡢὶࢀࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ ᖺ௨㝆ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢࢻ࣐ࣛࡸᫎ⏬ࢆ㚷㈹ࡋࠊ ࠕヰࡋࡇࡤࠖࢆᐇ㊶ⓗᏛࡧࡲࡍࠋ㹼 㐌࡛ సရࡢ ணᐃࠋసရࡈឤࢩ࣮ࢺࢆᥦฟࠋసရࡣ ᅇ┠༠㆟ࡋ࡚ỴᐃࡋࡲࡍࠋᏛ⩦ࡋࡓㄒᙡ࣭⾲⌧➼ࡣྛ⮬ࣀ࣮ࢺ ᩚ⌮ࠋࣀ࣮ࢺࢆᥦฟࡋࡓሙྜࠊᡂ⦼ࡢཧ⪃ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ࡞ࡋࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊឤࢩ࣮ࢺ 㸣ࠊㄒᙡ࣭⾲⌧ࣀ࣮ࢺࡢసᡂᥦฟ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰≉ู₇⩦%㸦࣐࡛ࣥ࢞Ꮫࡪ᪥ᮏㄒ㸧 ᐑᮏ ௨Ꮚ㸦ࡳࡸࡶ ࡚࠸ࡇ㸧㔠࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ࣐ࣥ࢞ࡢ≉᭷ࡢヰ⾲⌧ࢆᏛࡪࠋලయⓗ࡞ࡲࡲࡗࡓㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ ࠕヰࡋࡇࡤࠖࡸࠕ࢜ࣀ࣐ࢺ࣌ࠖ࡞ࠊₔ⏬࣭ࢽ࣓ࡢ⾲⌧ࢆᐇ㊶ⓗᏛࡧࡲࡍࠋ⏝సရࡣࠊ➨ ᅇ┠ࡢ ᤵᴗ࡛༠㆟ࡋ࡚Ỵᐃࡋࡲࡍࠋ㹼 㐌࡛ సရࡢணᐃࠋᏛ⩦ࡋࡓㄒᙡ࣭⾲⌧➼ࡣྛ⮬ࣀ࣮ࢺᩚ⌮ࠋࣀ࣮ࢺࢆᥦฟ ࡋࡓሙྜࠊᡂ⦼ࡢཧ⪃ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ࡞ࡋࠋ 㸦ཧ⪃㸸࠶ࡎࡲࡁࡼࡦࡇⴭࠗࡼࡘࡤ㸟࠘➨ ᕳࢆ⏝ணᐃࠋ 㸧 29 ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊࢡࢬ 㸣ࠊㄒᙡ࣭⾲⌧ࣀ࣮ࢺࡢసᡂᥦฟ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰≉ู₇⩦%㸦ࣅࢪࢿࢫ᪥ᮏㄒ㸧 ⚟ᓥ ᜨ⨾Ꮚ㸦ࡩࡃࡋࡲ ࠼ࡳࡇ㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚࣅࢪࢿࢫሙ㠃࡛ࡢ㟁ヰᛂᑐࡸ㐃⤡࣭ሗ࿌࡞ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ㠃᥋ࡸ㟁ヰᛂᑐ࡞ࠊࣅࢪࢿࢫሙ㠃࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿヰࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡋࠊᐇ㊶ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ヰ⦎⩦ࢆ⾜ ࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊࣅࢪࢿࢫ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࣅࢪࢿࢫሙ㠃࡛㔜せ࡞ࡿᩗㄒࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ⋡ 㸣ࠊཧຍែᗘ 㸣ࠊヰ࣭Ⓨ⾲ 㸣ࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸰≉ู₇⩦%㸦ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㸧 ㇂㒊 ᘯᏊ㸦ࡸ ࡦࢁࡇ㸧ᓥ⏣ ࡵࡄࡳ㸦ࡋࡲࡔ ࡵࡄࡳ㸧ⅆ࣭ ⅆ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚᩍᐊෆእࡢάືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ┦ᡭࡸෆᐜᛂࡌ࡚Ⓨಙࡍࡿຊࢆࡘࡅࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚࢸ࣮࣐ἢࡗ࡚ㄪࡓࡾⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋᑠᏛᰯゼၥ࡞ᤵᴗ㛫௨እࡶάືࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ ࡛ࠊ✚ᴟⓗཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀ᮲௳࡛ࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ࡞ࡋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᤵᴗࡢཧຍ≧ἣࡸㄢ㢟࣭Ⓨ⾲࡞⥲ྜⓗホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏㄒ㸯࣭㸰Ⓨ㡢% ᩪ⸨ ⣧⏨㸦ࡉ࠸࠺ ࡼࡋ࠾㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ᪥ᮏㄒࡽࡋ࠸ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚࢡࢭࣥࢺࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᴫせࢆᏛࡧࠊ⦎⩦ࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺࢆ㓄ᕸࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍᤵᴗࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳ≧ἣࡼࡿࠋ ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸱 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱⥲ྜ% ➲┠ ᐇ㸦ࡉࡉࡵ ࡳࡢࡿ㸧Ỉ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚึ⣭ᚋ༙ࡢᩥἲ㡯┠ࡸㄒᙡࢆ⩦ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ୰⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢㄒᙡ⾲⌧ࢆᏛࡪࠋලయⓗ࡞ࡇࡀㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡼ ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ᪥ᖖⓗ࡛ලయⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᩥᆺࠊㄞࡳ≀ࠊࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࠊⓎ⾲ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚబࠎᮌ⸅࣭⏣ཱྀᏊ࣭Ᏻ⸨⠇Ꮚ࣭㉥ᮌᾈᩥ࣭ⲡ㔝᐀Ꮚࠗࢺࣆࢵࢡࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒ⥲ྜ₇⩦ࢸ࣮࣐᥈ࡋ ࡽⓎ⾲୰⣭๓ᮇ࠘ࢫ࣮࢚࣮ࣜࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ᪥ᩘ ᤵᴗែᗘ Ⓨ⾲ ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱ᛂ⏝% ➲┠ ᐇ㸦ࡉࡉࡵ ࡳࡢࡿ㸧Ỉ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚึ⣭ᚋ༙ࡢᩥἲ㡯┠ࡸㄒᙡࢆ⩦ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ୰⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢㄒᙡ⾲⌧ࢆᏛࡪࠋලయⓗ࡞ࡇࡀㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡼ ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ᪥ᖖⓗ࡛ලయⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᩥᆺࠊㄞࡳ≀ࠊࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࠊⓎ⾲ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚబࠎᮌ⸅࣭⏣ཱྀᏊ࣭Ᏻ⸨⠇Ꮚ࣭㉥ᮌᾈᩥ࣭ⲡ㔝᐀Ꮚࠗࢺࣆࢵࢡࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒ⥲ྜ₇⩦ ࢸ࣮࣐᥈ࡋ ࡽⓎ⾲ ୰⣭๓ᮇ࠘ࢫ࣮࢚࣮ࣜࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ᪥ᩘ ᤵᴗែᗘ Ⓨ⾲ ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱సᩥ% ᆏ⏣ ╬῝㸦ࡉࡓ ࡴࡘࡳ㸧ⅆ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚලయⓗ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡲࡲࡾࡢ࠶ࡿᩥ❶ࡀ᭩ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚୗグࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆ⏝ࡋࠊ⾲⌧ࡸᩥἲࢆᏛࡧ࡞ࡀࡽࠊṇ☜㸦ࡏ࠸ࡃ㸧࡞᭩ࡁゝⴥ࡛ཎ✏⏝⣬㸦ࡆࢇࡇ࠺ ࡼ࠺ࡋ㸧➼᭩ࡃࠋணᐃ࡛ࡣᏛᮇ୰ ᅇཎ✏⏝⣬᭩ࡁᥦฟࡍࡿࠋ┤ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣᚲࡎΎ᭩㸦ࡏ࠸ࡋࡻ㸧ࢆࡍ ࡿࠋཎ✏⏝⣬᭩ࡃసᩥࡑࡢΎ᭩ࡣᐟ㢟࡞ࡿࠋᤵᴗ୰ࡣࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆㄞࡳࠊ▷సᩥ➼ࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ୰ࡢ⦎⩦ၥ㢟 ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗ⾲⌧ࢸู࣮࣐ࢇࡈసᩥࡢ᪉ἲ࠘ 㸦➨୕᭩ᡣ㸧 30 ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᖹᖖⅬ 㸣ࠊసᩥ㸦ཎ✏⏝⣬㸧 ࣭Ύ᭩ 㸣ࠊᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣࡛ホ౯ࡍࡿணᐃࠋฟᖍ㔜ど㸦ࡌࡹ ࠺ࡋ㸧ࡢࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࠊḞᖍࡀ ᅇ௨ୖࡢሙྜࡣ༢ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱ㅮㄞ% ୖ㔝 ᕥ⤮㸦࠺࠼ࡢ ࡉ࠼㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ᪥ᖖⓗ࡛㛗ࡃ࡞࠸ᩥ❶ࡀㄞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᖖ⏕άࡢ୰࡛ゐࢀࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᩥ❶ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚ࠊࡑࡇࡽሗࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡾࠊෆᐜࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⦎ ⩦ࢆࡍࡿࠋᩥ❶≉᭷ࡢ⾲⌧ࡸㄒᙡࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᏛࡪࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᤵᴗࡢ✚ᴟᛶ 㸣ࠊࢸࢫࢺ 㸣ࠊᐟ㢟 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱ヰ% ᑠす 㸦ࡇࡋ ࡲ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚලయⓗ࡞ࡇࡀㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ᪥ᖖⓗ࡛ලయⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ⪺ࡃ⦎⩦ࢆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊヰࡢ⾲⌧㸦ࡦࡻ࠺ࡆࢇ㸧ࢆຮᙉࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊヰࡍ┦ᡭ㸦࠶࠸࡚㸧ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⾲ ⌧ࢆኚ࠼ࡿ⦎⩦ࢆࡋࡲࡍࠋ⪺ࡃ⦎⩦ࡀᐟ㢟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗ⪺࠸࡚ぬ࠼ࡿヰࡋ᪉᪥ᮏㄒ⏕୰⥅ึ୰⣭⦅ ࠘ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣ࠊ୰㛫࣭ᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ 㸣ࠊᥦฟ≀㸦ᐟ㢟㸧㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱ヰ% ⚟ᓥ ᜨ⨾Ꮚ㸦ࡩࡃࡋࡲ ࠼ࡳࡇ㸧ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚලయⓗ࡞ࡇࡀㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ᪥ᖖⓗ࡛ලయⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ౫㢗ࡸㄏ࠸࡞ࡢヰࢆࡾ࠶ࡆࠊᩗㄒࢆ୰ᚰே㛫㛵ಀࡸሙࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿ⾲⌧ࡸ᪉ἲ࡞ࢆ㌟ࡘࡅ ࡿࠋᏛᮇᚋ༙ࡣࠊᏛ⩦ࡋࡓヰࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛࣑ࢽࢻ࣐ࣛࢆసᡂࡋࠊⓎ⾲ࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࣉࣜࣥࢺ㓄ᕸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ⋡ 㸣ࠊཧຍែᗘ࣭ᐟ㢟 㸣ࠊヰ 㸣ࠊⓎ⾲ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱₎Ꮠ% ᶓᒣ Ꮚ㸦ࡼࡇࡸࡲ ࡎࡇ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚᇶᮏ₎Ꮠ 㹼 ࢆᏛࡪࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࡣ⦎⩦ࢆ୰ᚰ㸦ࡕࡹ࠺ࡋࢇ㸧ࡋࡲࡍࠋண⩦㸦ࡼࡋࡹ࠺㸧ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋẖᅇᑠࢸࢫࢺࢆࡋ ࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗBasic Kanji Book Vol.2࠘ซே♫ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᤵᴗࡢ✚ᴟᛶ 㸣ࠊᑠࢸࢫࢺ 㸣ࠊᮇᮎヨ㦂 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱⫈ゎ% ᮤ ㈆᪴㸦 ࢪ࣑ࣙࣥࣥ㸧㔠࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ᪥ᖖⓗ࡛ලయⓗ࡞ㄯヰࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᮏࡸ᪥ᮏே㛵ࡍࡿヰཬࡧࣅࢹ࢜ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡢ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾ⦎⩦ࠊ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࠗୖ⣭ࡢࡧࡽ࠘ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᤵᴗࡢཧຍᗘ 㸣ࠊࢡࢬ࣭ᐟ㢟࣭ࢸࢫࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏㄒ㸱≉ู₇⩦%㸦ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㸧 ᱇ ༓ెᏊ㸦ࡘࡽ ࡕࡇ㸧᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ᪥ᮏࡸ᪥ᮏㄒࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡶ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞㐠⏝⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᮏࡢリࡸࡇࢃࡊࡘ࠸࡚ㄪⓎ⾲ࡍࡿࡇࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏᩥࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ⮬ศࡢᅜࡢリࡸࡇ ࢃࡊࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⮬ᩥࢆ⤂ࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ㓄ᕸࣉࣜࣥࢺ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ 㸣ㄢ㢟ᥦฟ 㸣Ⓨ⾲ࠊᤵᴗཧຍᗘ 㸣 ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸲 ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ ࠕ⥲ྜࠖ ࠗࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒึ⣭ IIᮏ࠘ࠊࠗࢇࡈ࠾ࡋࡷࡾࡢࡓࡡ࠘ ࠕᛂ⏝ࠖ ࠗࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒึ⣭ IIึ⣭࡛ㄞࡵࡿࢺࣆࢵࢡ ࠘ࠊࠗࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒึ⣭ II ⫈ゎࢱࢫࢡ ࠘ 31 ࠕ₎Ꮠࠖ ࠗᇶᮏ₎Ꮠ 9RO࠘ ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸳 ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ ࠕ⥲ྜࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒึ⣭ ᆅ࠘ ࠕᩥᏐࠖ ୍ࠗே࡛Ꮫࡿ ࡦࡽࡀ࡞ ࡓ࡞࠘ࠗBasic Kanji Book, Vol.1࠘ ࠕヰࠖ ࠕ⫈ゎࠖ ࠕసᩥࠖ 32 ㈨ᩱ ᪥ᮏ⌮ゎ⛉┠୍ぴ ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫㸦Ꮫ㒊㛤タ⛉┠㸧 ڦᏛᮇ ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ $ ᡞ⏣ ᏕᏊ㸦ࡔ ࡓࡇ㸧 ᮌ࣭ S ࠙┠ᶆࠚࡇࡢᤵᴗࡣࠊࠕ᪥ᮏࡢᩥࡸ♫ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓࡾࠊウㄽࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㧗 ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࢆ┠ᶆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ≉ࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢᛮ⪃ᵝᘧࡘ࠸࡚ࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᮾὒすὒࡢࡶࡢࡢぢ᪉࣭⪃࠼ ᪉ࡀࠊ⌧௦♫࡛ࡢࡼ࠺㘒ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊලయⓗ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆᗈ࠸どⅬࡽ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡍࠋ␃Ꮫ⏕⮬㌟ࡢ⮬ ⏤࡞ࢸ࣮࣐タᐃࡼࡿⓎ⾲࣭ウㄽࡢ㛫ࡶ⏝ពࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᤵᴗࡣࠊࡘࡢ㒊ศศࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࠊ⮬⏤ࠊ⮬ศࡢ㛵ᚰࡢ࠶ࡿࢸ࣮࣐ ࡘ࠸࡚▷࠸Ⓨぢࢆࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࡋࡓࡾࠊᑡࡋヲࡋࡃㄪࡓෆᐜࢆࣃ࣮࣏࣡ࣥࢺࢆࡗ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓࡾ ࡍࡿ㒊ศࠊࡶ࠺ ࡦࡘࡣࠊඹ㏻ࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛ࠊᩥ⊩ࢆゎ㔘ࡋࠊ⌮ゎࡋࡓࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࢀពぢࢆ㏙ྜ࠸ࠊࡑ ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆࠊࢡࣛࢫయሗ࿌ࡍࡿ 㒊ศ࡛ࡍࠋࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ୍ࡘࡣࠊࡸࡸᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ゎ㔘ࡢᚲせ࡞᪥ᮏㄒࡢࡶࡢࠊࡶ࠺ ࡦࡘࡣࠊⱥㄒࡽࡢ⩻ヂࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ⾲⌧ࢆᏛࡪࡓࡵࡢᩍᮦ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ㐨ಙࠗᮾすࡢဴᏛ࠘TBS ࣈࣜࢱࢽ࢝ࠊ ᖺ Richard E. Nisbett. The Geography of Thought. Free Press. New York, 2003.ࡢᢤ⢋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍࠊᤵᴗ₇⩦ࡢグ㘓ࠊᏛᮇᮎ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡼࡿ⥲ྜⓗホ౯ࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ & బ⸨ ṇග㸦ࡉ࠺ ࡲࡉࡳࡘ㸧 ᮌ࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ᪥ᮏࡢᩥࡸ♫ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢၥࡸ⌮ゎࡋࡀࡓ࠸Ⅼࢆࠊཷㅮ⏕⮬㌟ࡢၥ㢟ព㆑ࢆฟⓎⅬࡋ࡚ࠊཷㅮ⪅ ဨ࡛⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࢀࡼࡾእᅜேࡢどⅬ᪥ᮏேࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᩥࡸ♫ࢆ┦ᑐࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⌮ゎ ࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚཷㅮ⏕ࡀ⮬ศࡢどⅬࡽ᪥ᮏࡢᩥࡸ♫ ࡘ࠸࡚ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆỴࡵࠊ⮬ศ࡛ㄪ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࠊࡑࢀ ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ဨ࡛ウㄽࡋ࡚⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵ࡚ࡺࡃࠋⓎ⾲࡛ࡣࠊ⮬ศ࡛సᡂࡋࡓࣞࢪ࣓ࣗࣃ࣮࣏࣡ࣥ ࢺࢆ⏝ពࡋ࡚ࡶ ࡽ࠺ࠋࣞࢪ࣓ࣗࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ๓⚾ࡀῧ๐ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥ❶ຊࡶྥୖࡍࡿࡼ࠺ᚰࡀࡅࡿࠋࣃ࣮࣏࣡ࣥ ࢺ࡛ࡣࠊᫎീ㈨ᩱࡶ⏝ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⾲ ෆᐜࢆせ㡿ࡼࡃ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛⤂࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᕤኵࡍࡿࠋࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠊ ࠕᱜ᪥ᮏேࠖࠊ ࠕ᪥ᮏேࡢዲࡁ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࠖࠊࠕ᪥ᮏࡢࢽ࣓ࡢ㨩ຊࠖࠊࠕ᪥ᮏࡢࣁࣈࣜࢵ ࢻ㌴ࠖ࡞㝈ᐃࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚྛ⮬ࡢⓎ⾲ࣞࢪ࣓ࣗࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋࣞࢪ࣓ࣗࡣ๓Ⓨ⾲⪅ࡀேᩘศࢆ⏝ពࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚཷㅮ⏕ࡢⓎ⾲ෆᐜࠊウㄽ࡛ࡢⓎゝ࡞ࢆ⥲ྜࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡍࡿࠋฟᖍࢆ㔜どࡋࠊホ౯ࡶᫎࡉࡏࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ ( ଢ଼㔝 Ẏ㸦࠺ࡋࡢ ࡘࡼࡋ㸧 ᭶࣭ N ࠙┠ᶆࠚ ࠙ෆᐜࠚேࡢື≀ࢆ༊ูࡍࡿࡁ࡞せ⣲ࡋ ࡚㐨ලࡢ⏝ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ㐨ලࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᙧᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡘࡀࠊ ࡑࢀ⮬㌟⏝⪅ࡢᚲせᛂࡌ࡚ᙧࡸᶵ⬟ࡤࡾ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⣲ᮦࡶኚࢆ㐙ࡆ ࡚ࡺࡃࠋඛྐ௦ ࠸࠺ᩥ♫ࡢ୰࡛ࠊேࠎࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐨ලࢆసࡾࠊࡢࡼ࠺⏝ࡋ࡚⏕άࢆႠࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡢࠋᩥࡸ♫ ࡀᡂ⇍ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃ㐣⛬ࢆ㐨ලࡢ Ⓨ㐩ࡽㄞࡳࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚ ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ * ▼ 㸦࠸ࡋ࠸ ࡓࡅࡋ㸧ᮌ࣭ ᭩ᐇ II ࠙┠ᶆࠚ᪥ᮏࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ⱁ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ᭩㐨ࡸ᪥ᮏࡢᩥᏐᩥࡘ࠸࡚ࠊẟ➹ࡸ◳➹ࡢᐇᢏࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚࡣࡌࡵࠊ࣮࣎ࣝ࣌ࣥࡸࢩ࣮ࣕࣉ࣌ࣥࢩࣝࠊ㖄➹࡞ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊࡦࡽࡀ࡞ࠊ࢝ࢱ࢝ࢼࠊ₎Ꮠࡢṇࡋ࠸Ꮠᙧ ࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ⨫ྡࠊࡣࡀࡁࠊᑒ᭩ࠊࡢࡋ⿄࡞᪥ᮏࡢ᪥ᖖ⏕άࡢ୰࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿᐇ⏝ ᭩ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᐇ ᢏࢆ୰ᚰᏛࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࠋᚋ༙ࡣࠊẟ➹ࡼࡿ᭩㐨సရࡢไసࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᡂࡋࡓసရࢆ⾲ࡋࠊྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢀࡤᏛෆ ࡢ࣮ࢺࢠ࣮ࣕࣛࣜ࡞ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ᒎぴࢆ⾜࠺ணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࡃ⏝࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᐇᢏࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓᤵᴗ࡞ࡢ࡛ฟᖍࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࠋฟᖍ≧ἣᥦฟసရࡢෆᐜࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚ホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ 33 ⛅ڦᏛᮇ ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫% ⚄ᇣṇᏊ㸦ࡳࡸࡲࡉࡇ㸧ࠊ▼ᕝᑦᏊ㸦࠸ࡋࢃ࡞࠾ࡇ㸧 ᭶࣭ N ᮏ⛉┠ࡣࠊㅖእᅜࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㛗࠸ᖺ᭶ࢆࡅ࡚᪥ᮏேࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡋࠊ⫱ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࠊ⾰ ⏕ά࣭㣗⏕άࡘ ࠸࡚ࠊ㝵ᒙࠊ௦ࠊᆅᇦ࡞ࢆษࡾཱྀࠊᩥࡢどⅬࡽᤊ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾰⏕άࡸ㣗⏕ά⏕ࡉ ࢀࡓࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ▱ᜨࡸᩥࡀ࠸⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞ࢆᏛࢇ࡛ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡁࡗ ࡅࡋࠊ⏕άᩥࡢどⅬࡽ᪥ᮏࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵ࡚ࡋ࠸ࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ⾰⏕άࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊྂ௦ࡽ⌧௦⮳ࡿኚࢆࡽ࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ௦ࡢᩥ ࡢᡂ❧⌧ᅾࡲ࡛ཷࡅ⥅ࡀ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿఏ⤫⾜ࡢ㛵㐃࡛ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࠋ㣗⏕άࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ㣗ᩥࢆ♫ࡢኚඹࡽ࠼ࠊࡉࡽ᪥ ࡢ㣗⏕άࡢၥ㢟Ⅼゐࢀࡘࡘࠊ㣗⏕ά࣭㣗ᩥࡢⓎᒎࡣఱࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ≉࡞ࡋࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᖹᖖⅬホ౯㸦ᤵᴗࡢཧຍ≧ἣ㸧㸣ࠋ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࠾ࡼࡧ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ 㸣㸦ྛㅮᖌࡢᣢࡕⅬ 㸣ࡎ ࡘ㸧ࠋձ㹼 㐌㸦⚄ᇣ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣẖᅇࡢࡲࡵࡢ࣑ࢽ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࠾ࡼࡧ᭱⤊᪥㸦 ᅇ┠㸧ࡢ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢸࢫࢺࠋղ 㹼 㐌㸦▼ᕝ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣẖᅇࡢ࣑ࢽ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࠾ࡼࡧ᭱⤊᪥㸦 ᅇ┠㸧ࡢ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢸࢫࢺࠋࡇࡢࢸࢫࢺࡣࠊ㓄 ㈨ᩱࡢᣢࡕ㎸ࡳࢆྍࡍࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫' ᳺ┿ᬛᏊ㸦ࡘࡤࡁࡲࡕࡇ㸧 ᮌ࣭ C ᪥ᮏࡢᩥࡸ♫ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࠾ࡶ㢼ᅵ ࡸᩥࠊᬒほࠊேཱྀᵓ㐀ࠊ⏕ᴗ࡞ࢆ࠾ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ≉ᚩࡸኚࠊᆅᇦ ⓗ࡞ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡶࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢどⅬࡸ᪉ἲࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚᆅ⌮ⓗ࡞どⅬࢆ㍈ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ♫ࡸ⏕άᩥࠊᬒほࠊ⏕ᴗᙧែ࡞ࡢ≉ᚩࡑࡢ⫼ᬒࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࡋࠊ ࡲࡓ㏆௦௨㝆ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ♫ࡸᩥࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚࢆࡆ࡚⌧௦ⓗ≉ᚩࢆᣢࡘ࠸ࡓࡗࡓࡢࢆㄽࡌࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࡃ⏝ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋᤵᴗᚲせᛂࡌ࡚ࣉࣜࣥࢺ࣭㈨ᩱ➼ࢆ㓄ᕸࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᏛᮇᮎࡢ➹グヨ㦂㸦㸣㸧ฟᖍ㸦㸣㸧࡛ホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫) ᪥㧗ៅ㸦ࡦࡔࡲࡇ㸧 ᮌ࣭ S ᮏㅮ⩏࡛ࡣ⪃ྂᏛࢆࡶࡋ࡚ᪧ▼ჾ ௦ࡽ㏆௦࣭⌧௦ࡲ࡛ࡢ᪥ᮏṔྐ࣭ᩥ ࡘ࠸࡚㏻ほࡍࡿࠋ⪃ྂᏛࡣⓎ ᥀ㄪᰝ ࡼࡗ࡚ฟᅵࡋࡓ㑇ᵓ࣭㑇≀ࢆࡶṔྐࢆඖࡍࡿᏛၥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋṔྐࡣࢀࡓࡶࡢࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᩥ⊩ྐ ᩱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࢆ ⾜࠺ࡇࡀከ࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊ⪃ྂᏛࡢᡂᯝࢆ↓どࡋ࡚ࡣ᪥ᮏṔྐࡣㄒࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᮏㅮ⩏ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⪃ྂ Ꮫࡢ≉ᚩࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡋ࠸ࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ⪃ྂᏛࡣⓎ᥀ㄪᰝࡢᡂᯝࡽṔྐࢆඖࡍࡿᏛၥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋṔྐࡣ᭩ࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸦ᩥ⊩ྐᩱ㸧࡛ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿ ࡇࡀከ࠸ࡀࠊࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࠊᨭ㓄⪅ഃࡢㄽ⌮ࡼࡗ࡚᭩ࡁ␃ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀ ከ࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾᩥ⊩ྐᩱࡔࡅ࡛Ṕྐࢆㄒࡿࡇࡣࠊ୍᪉ⓗ࡞Ṕྐゎ㔘࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚⪃ ྂ㈨ᩱࡣேࠎࡢ⏕άࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀṧࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ⪃ྂᏛࡢᡂᯝࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚᪥ᮏṔྐ࣭ᩥࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ࡞ࡋ ࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚᅗゎ࣭᪥ᮏࡢே㢮㑇㊧㸦ᮾிᏛฟ∧㸧ࠊᅗゎ࣭᪥ᮏࡢ୰ୡ㑇㊧㸦ᮾிᏛฟ∧㸧 ࠙ᡂ⦼ホ౯ࠚᖹᖖⅬ㸣ࠊ᭱⤊ࢸࢫࢺ㸣ࠋᖹᖖⅬࡣฟᖍཬࡧᑠ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡼࡗ࡚᥇Ⅼࡍࡿࠋ᭱⤊ࢸࢫࢺࡣᤵᴗ࡛ ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࢸ࣮࣐㛵ࡋ࡚ฟ㢟ࡋࠊゎ⟅ࢆࡲࡵࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫+ 㕥ᮌ⚽ே㸦ࡍࡎࡁࡦ࡛㸧 ᭶࣭ N ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ≉ࠊእ᮶ࡢᩥࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢཷᐜᅛ᭷ࡢᩥࡋ࡚ࡢṊ㐨ࡢኚᐜ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ ᩥ♫ࡘ࠸࡚▱ࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ࡞ࡋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍᤵᴗࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ ࠕ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫A࣭C࣭E࣭GࠖࡣࠊᏛᮇ㛤ㅮࡋࡲࡍࠋࠕ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ♫ࠖࡢᤵᴗෆᐜࡣࠊࠕᏛ࣮࣒࣍ ࣮࣌ࢪ㸼Ꮫෆࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸼ࢩࣛࣂࢫ᳨⣴ࠖࡽࡶぢࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ 34 㸬᪥ᮏ◊✲⛉┠ ڦᏛᮇ ᪥ᮏ◊✲ $㸦♫㸧 㧗ᓮ ᜨ㸦ࡓࡉࡁ ࡵࡄࡳ㸧 Ỉ࣭ S ࠙┠ᶆࠚ༢୍Ẹ᪘᪥ᮏࢆᶆᴶࡍࡿゝㄝࡣࠊᢈุࢆᾎࡧ࡞ࡀࡽࡶᛮ࠸ฟࡋࡓ ࡼ࠺⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ⌧ᐇࡣࠊ ༢୍ࡢẸ᪘࣭ᩥ࣭ゝㄒࡽ࡞ࡿྠ㉁ⓗ࡞᪥ᮏ࠸࠺࣓࣮ࢪࡢ᰿ᙉࡉࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᮏᤵᴗ࡛ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ྠ㉁ ⓗ࣭༢୍ⓗ࡞᪥ᮏ࣓࣮ࢪࢆ⪃ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ๓༙࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࠕఏ⤫ࠖࠊ࣐ࣀࣜࢸ࣮ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࠊ⤒῭᱁ᕪࠊ᐀ᩍ࡞✀ࠎࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡢ᳨ウࢆ㏻ࡋࠊ ྠ㉁ⓗ࡞᪥ᮏ࣓࣮ࢪࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᙧᡂࡉࢀᐃ╔ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࠊ⌧௦᪥ᮏࡣࢀࡢከᵝᛶ ࢆ⛎ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࢆㅮ⩏ࡋࡲࡍࠋᚋ༙ࡣࠊ๓༙ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏ࣓࣮ࢪࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊཷㅮ⏕ࡢ⮬⏤◊✲࠾ࡼࡧⓎ⾲ࡢᶵ ࢆタࡅࡿணᐃ࡛ࡍࠋཷㅮ⏕ࡢⓙ ࡉࢇࡢಶே◊✲ࡑࡢⓎ⾲ࡢᶵࢆタࡅࡿணᐃ࡛ࡍࠋ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ཧຍࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚ≉⏝࠸࡞࠸ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᖹᖖⅬࠊ◊✲Ⓨ⾲ࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆ⥲ྜⓗホ౯ࡍࡿணᐃࠋ ᪥ᮏ◊✲₇⩦ %㸦ேᩥ㸧 ᭷⃝ ▱㸦࠶ࡾࡉࢃ ࡋࡢ㸧 ⅆ࣭ S ࠙┠ᶆࠚྛᆅఏࢃࡿẸⱁ⬟ࡢṔྐࡸኚ㑄ࢆᏛࡧࠊேⱁ⬟ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᮏྛᆅ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ₇ࠊேᙧⰪᒃࠊḷㅴࠊ⯙㋀ࠊ㐨ⱁ࡞ࡢẸⱁ⬟ࢆࠊᫎീ㈨ᩱࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽ Ꮫࡧࡲࡍࠋࡘ࡚ࡢ♫࡛ࡣࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞㝵⣭ࡢேࠎࡀఱࡢ┠ⓗ࡛ⱁ⬟ᦠࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ᪥࡛ࡣẸⱁ⬟ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ཷㅮ⏕ࡢⓙࡉࢇࡶㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࠊ ⱁ⬟ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊྛᆅࡢ㢼ࠊಙ௮ࠊᐙ᪘ࡸඹྠయࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡞ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᵝࠎ࡞ጼࡘ࠸୍࡚⥴⪃࠼ࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࡃᐃࡵࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᖹᖖⅬ 㸣ࠊⓎ⾲ 㸣ࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ 㸣 ᪥ᮏ◊✲ &㸦ᩍ⫱㸧 㐲ᗙ ▱ᜨ㸦࠼ࢇࡊ ࡕ࠼㸧 ⅆ࣭ S ࠙┠ᶆࠚṔྐⓗ࡞どⅬࡽ᪥ᮏࡢᩍ⫱ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡧࠊࡑࡢ≉ᚩᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ⮬ᅜࡢᩍ⫱ࡶࡐࡦẚ ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡋ࠸ࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚྂ௦ࡽ⌧௦ࡲ࡛ࡢࠕᏛᰯࠖὀ┠ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᩍ⫱ࡢ≉ᚩࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࠋ᪥ᮏࡣྂ௦ࡽᾏ እࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᅜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᩍ⫱ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࡑࡢእ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ௦ࠊ ᾏእࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⫱ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࢆ⤂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࣉࣜࣥࢺࡸࣅࢹ࢜࡞ࠊ ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅࢃࡾࡸࡍ࠸㈨ᩱࢆ ࠸࡞ࡀࡽᤵᴗࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࡃ⏝࠸࡞࠸ࠋㄞࡳࡸࡍ࠸ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࢆ⤂ࡋࡓ࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚฟᖍ࣭ᤵᴗෆᑠ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㸦㸣㸧Ꮫᮇᮎヨ㦂㸦㸣㸧࡛ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ᪥ᮏ◊✲₇⩦ '㸦⎔ቃᩍ⫱㸧 ᑠᕝ ₩㸦࠾ࡀࢃ ࡁࡼࡋ㸧 ⅆ࣭ S ࠙┠ᶆࠚ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ⎔ቃᩍ⫱ࡢᴫせࢆ▱ࡿࡶࠊᮾி㒔ᚰࡢ⮬↛Ṕྐࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿ⎔ቃᩍ⫱ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࣡ ࣮ࢡࢆయ㦂ࡋ࡚ࠊ㒔ᕷࡢ⮬↛ᩥࢆᏛࡪࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ⎔ቃᩍ⫱⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡢṔྐⓗᒎ㛤ࢆᏛࡪࠋ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ⎔ቃᩍ⫱ࡢ≉ᚩࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㔝እయ 㦂Ꮫ⩦ࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࠋࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠊᮾிࡢ⮬↛⏕άᩥࡢṔྐࡋࠊ㒔ᚰࡢୖ㔝࣭㇂୰ᆅᇦࡢࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ య㦂ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢయ㦂⤖ᯝࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࡃ⏝࠸࡞࠸ࠋୖ㔝ࡢᆅᇦྐ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱࢆ⏝ពࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᤵᴗࡢཧ⏬ 㸣 Ⓨ⾲ 㸣 ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ 㸣ࢆ┠Ᏻࡍࡿࠋ 35 ⛅ڦᏛᮇ ᪥ᮏ◊✲₇⩦$㸦♫㸧 ຍ⸨ᣅ㸦࠺ࡓࡃ㸧 㔠࣭ N ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡛ࡢᑠࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᴗࡢṔྐⓗࠊ✵㛫ⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࠊᾘ㈝⪅⾜ືࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᮏࡢᑠࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᴗࡣࠊⓒ㈌ᗑࠊ࢘ࢺࣞࢵࢺ࣭࣮ࣔࣝࠊ㑹እᆺᆺࢩࣙࢵࣆࣥࢢࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡞ᗈᇦ ࡽ㞟ᐈࡍࡿᴗែࡽࠊࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺࠊࢥࣥࣅࢽ࢚ࣥࢫࢫࢺࠊࢻࣛࢵࢢࢫࢺࠊࣇ࣮ࢫࢺ࣭ࣇ࣮ࢻࠊ ࢩࣙࢵࣉ࡞ᗑ⯒ࢆ㏆ࡃ㞟୰ࡉࡏࡿᴗែࡲ࡛ࠊᵝࠎ࡞✀㢮ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢⓎᒎࡢṔྐⓗ⫼ᬒࡸᆅᇦ ᒎ㛤ࠊ♫ၥ㢟࡞ࢆ⤂ࡍࡿࠋཷㅮ⏕ࡢⓙࡉࢇࡣࠊ⮬ᅜࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᴗࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᴗࡢඹ ㏻Ⅼ┦㐪ⅬࢆⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃணᐃ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࡃᐃࡵࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᖹᖖⅬ㸣ࠊⓎ⾲㸣ࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㸣 ᪥ᮏ◊✲%㸦ேᩥ㸧 ᭷⃝▱㸦࠶ࡾࡉࢃࡋࡢ㸧 ⅆ࣭ S ᪥ᮏࡢ⚍ࡾࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᐀ᩍࠊ♫ࠊᩥ࡞ᵝࠎ࡞ほⅬࡽ⪃ᐹࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ᪥ᮏᅜࡢ⚍ࡾࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᫎീ㈨ᩱࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽᏛࡧࡲࡍࠋி㒔ࡢ♲ᅬ⚍࡛ࡣࠊ࠺ࡋ࡚⳹ࡸ࡞ᒣ㖝ࢆ᭥ ࠸࡚ேࠎࡀ⾤ࢆ⦎ࡾṌࡃࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽┅㋀ࡾࡢḷࡸ㋀ࡾ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿពࡣ㸽ᮐᖠ㞷ࡲࡘࡾࡀᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ ⚍ࡾⓎᒎࡋࡓ⫼ᬒࡣ㸽ྛᆅࡢேࠎࡢ㢼ࡸಙ௮ࡀࠊ⚍ࡾࡢ୰ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ⪃࠼ࠊ᭦⌧௦ ♫࠾ࡅࡿ⚍ࡾࡢኚ㑄ࡸ᪂ࡋ࠸ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡍࠋㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ࠊྛ⮬࡛⚍⾜ࡗ࡚ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࣡ ࣮ࢡࢆ⾜࠸ࠊほᐹࡋࡓࡇࠊ⪃࠼ࡓࡇࡘ࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲ࢆࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࡃᐃࡵࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᖹᖖⅬ㸣ࠊⓎ⾲㸣ࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㸣 ᪥ᮏ◊✲₇⩦&㸦ẚ㍑◊✲㸧 ᡞ⏣ᏕᏊ㸦ࡔࡓࡇ㸧 ⅆ࣭ W ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࢆྵࡳ㛫 ࠙ࡡࡽ࠸ࠚࡇࡢᤵᴗࡣࠊẚ㍑ᩥࡢどⅬࡽࠊࠕᏛᰯࠊᩍ⫱ࠊᩍᖌࠊᏊ౪ࠊⱝ⪅ࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐ࠊ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ ࡢウㄽࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛ⏕ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㏻ࡋࠊ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇࢆࡡࡽ࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠙ഛ⪃ࠚⅆ᭙᪥ࡢ 㝈ẖᅇཧຍࡍࡿᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᏛᰯゼၥ᪥ࡣࠊᅜศᑎ㥐ᮅ ศ㞟ྜ࡞ࡿࠊ㏻㈝ࠊ⤥ 㣗㈝ࡣࠊྛ⮬⏝ពࡍࡿࠋ࣓࣮ࣝⓏ㘓ࡋࠊࠕ᪥ᮏ◊✲㹁㐃⤡ࠖࢆࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚձ᭶᪥ࠊᤵᴗࡢᴫせࡘ࠸࡚࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆཷࡅࠊ࣓࣮࡛ࣝཷㅮⓏ㘓ࢆࡍࡿࠋղ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ ఏ࠼ࡿẕᅜࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠕᏛᰯࠊᩍ⫱ࠊᩍᖌࠊᏊ౪ࠊⱝ⪅ࠖࡢ୰ࡽ୍ࡘࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ㑅ࡧࠊࣃ࣮࣏࣡ࣥࢺࢆ ⏝࠸ࡓ▷࠸ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ‽ഛࡍࡿࠋճᑡேᩘࡢ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࠊⓎ⾲ࡋࠊ࠸⯆ࡢ࠶ࡿලయ ⓗၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㉁ၥࡋྜ࠺ࠋմ᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯ㏦ࡿ⮬ᕫ⤂ࡢ⤮ᡭ⣬ࢆ‽ഛࡍࡿࠋյ㏉ಙᡭ⣬ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡗࡓᏊ ౪ࡢࢡࣛࢫࢆゼၥࡋ୍࡚᪥ࢆ୍⥴㐣ࡈࡍࠋնⓎ⾲ࢆࡋࡓ᪥ᮏேࡢᏛ⏕ࡢࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯయ㦂ࡢឤࢆ ࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࡋࠊ࠸ࠊ⯆ࡢ࠶ࡿලయⓗၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㉁ၥࡋྜ࠺ࠋշⓎ⾲ࢆࡋࡓ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࠊᏛ⏕ ࠾ᴦࡋࡳࢆ⏬ࡋࠊὶࢆ῝ࡵࡿࠋ ࠙ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࠚヲࡋ࠸ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࣓࣮࡛ࣝ㐃⤡ࢆࡍࡿࡀࠊࣃ࣮࣏࣡ࣥࢺࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࡣࠊ ᭶ࡽ ᭶ࡲ࡛ࠊྛ⮬ ᅇࠋᏊ౪ࡓࡕ㏦ࡿ⤮ᡭ⣬ࡢ⥾ࡵษࡾࡣࠊ ᭶୰᪪ࠊᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡽࡢ㏉ಙࡢཷ ࡅྲྀࡾࡣ ᭶ึ᪪ࠊᑠᏛᰯࢡࣛࢫゼၥࡣࠊ ᭶ᮎࠊᏛᰯゼၥࡢឤࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࡣ ᭶ᮎ㹼 ᭶ࡢணᐃࠋ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ ࡢ࠾ᴦࡋࡳࡣࠊ ᭶ᮎࡢணᐃࠋ ࠙ᡂ⦼ホ౯ࠚࣃ࣮࣏࣡ࣥࢺࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢫࣆ࣮ࢳヰࡋྜ࠸ཧຍࠊᏊ౪㐩ࡢ⤮ᡭ⣬ᥦฟࠊᑠᏛᰯゼၥࠊᏛᰯゼၥࡢ ឤࢫࣆ࣮ࢳヰࡋྜ࠸ཧຍࠊ௨ୖࡼࡾᡂ⦼ࢆࡘࡅࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏ◊✲'㸦ⱁ⾡㸧 ▼㸦࠸ࡋ࠸ࡓࡅࡋ㸧 ᭶࣭ ᭩㐨₇⩦ᐊ ᭩㐨ࡸᩥᏐࢆ᭩ࡃࡇ⏝࠸ࡿ㐨ලࡢṔྐࡸ〇ἲࠊᩥⓗពࡘ࠸࡚ࠊලయⓗ࡞ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡞ࡀࡽᏛࡧࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ෆᐜࠚ➹ࠊቚࠊ⣬ࠊ◵ࠊ㖄➹ࠊ࣮࣎ࣝ࣌ࣥࠊ࣮࣡ࢻࣉࣟࢭࢵࢧ࣮࡞ࠊ᭩㐨ࡸᩥᏐࢆ᭩ࡃࡇࢃࡿ㐨ල ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊṔྐࡸ〇ἲࠊᩥⓗព࡞ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞㡯ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡧࡲࡍࠋ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᩥᡣලࢆ㑅ࡧࠊ ᅗ∧ࡸᫎീ࣭ᩥ⊩㈨ᩱࢆ࠸࡞ࡀࡽ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡼ࠺ࡋࠊᏛ⏕ࡢⓙࡉࢇࡶࠊྛ⮬ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛ࠊⓎ⾲ࢆࡋ ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠚࡃ⏝࠸࡞࠸ࠋᚲせᛂࡌ㈨ᩱࢆ㓄ᕸࡍࡿࠋ ࠙ホ౯᪉ἲࠚᖹᖖⅬ㸣Ⓨ⾲㸣࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㸣 ࠕ᪥ᮏ◊✲A࣭Cࠖࠕ᪥ᮏ◊✲₇⩦B࣭DࠖࡣࠊᏛᮇ㛤ㅮࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᭩㐨₇⩦ᐊࡣⱁ⾡࣭ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ⛉Ꮫ⣔◊✲Ჷ ྕ㤋 㝵࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 36 ㈨ᩱ㸱 ▷ᮇ␃Ꮫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦ISEP㸧⛉┠୍ぴ ⛅Ꮫᮇࡽࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ᖺᗘ⛅Ꮫᮇࡽᥖ㍕ࡍࡿࠋ ᖺᗘ⛅Ꮫᮇ ⛉┠ྡ ᢸᙜᩍဨ 1 ISEP Seminar I ᭷⃝▱㸦␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧 2 Education in Japan ㇂ⱥ❶㸦ᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱ᩍᐊ㸧 3 Cross-Cultural Teaching Practice ᡞ⏣ᏕᏊ㸦ᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱ᩍᐊ㸧 4 Counseling in Japan బ㔝⚽ᶞ㸦࢝࢘ࣥࢭࣜࣥࢢᩍᐊ㸧 5 Cross-Cultural Studies Joshua P. Dale㸦ⱥㄒ⛉ᩍᐊ㸧 6 Philosophy and Ethics in Japan ᰩཎ⿱ḟ㸦♫⛉ᩍᐊ㸧 7 Cultural History of Japan ᭷⃝▱㸦␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧 8 Study of Japanese Print-Making Ύ㔝Ὀ⾜㸦⨾⾡⛉ᩍᐊ㸧 9 Introduction to Japanese Music I: Playing Koto and Shamisen ᭷⃝▱㸦␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧 10 Recreation and Sports in Japan I䠖Table Tennis Ώ㎶㞞அ㸦ಖయ⫱⛉ᩍᐊ㸧 11 Walking Convention: The Memory of History and War Ώ㎶㞞அ㸦ಖయ⫱⛉ᩍᐊ㸧 12 ᒾᮏⰋ⿱㸦ಖయ⫱⛉ᩍᐊ㸧 13 Recreation and Sports in Japan II䠖Skiing Geography of Japan II: Geography of Seaside and Mountain Area in Tokyo Prefecture 14 Japanese Business Enterprise ཎ⏣㞝㸦⮬↛⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫᩍᐊ㸧 15 Environmental Education Seminar ᮌಛ⨾ᶞ⏨ࠊཎᏊᰤ୍㑻ࠊᵽཱྀᙪࠊᑠἨṊᰤ 㸦⎔ቃᩍ⫱ᩍᐊ㸧 ྂ⏣ᝋ㐀㸦᪥ᮏ◊✲ᩍᐊ㸧 ᖺᗘᏛᮇ ⛉┠ྡ ᢸᙜᩍဨ 1 ISEP Seminar II ᭷⃝▱㸦␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ 2 Cross-Cultural Ideas ᡞ⏣ᏕᏊ㸦ᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱ᩍᐊ 3 School in Japan ὸⱱ㸦ᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱ᩍᐊ 4 Introduction to Psychophysiology ụ⏣୍ᡂ㸦Ꮫᰯᚰ⌮ᩍᐊ㸧 5 Cultural Social Psychology of the Japanese ᮡ᳃ఙྜྷ㸦Ꮫᰯᚰ⌮ᩍᐊ㸧 6 Culture Clashes Joshua P. Dale ⱥㄒ⛉ᩍᐊ 7 Natural History in Japan ⸨ᮏග୍㑻ࠊ୰㔝ᖾኵ㸦⮬↛⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫᩍᐊ㸧 8 Modern and Contemporary Culture of Japan ᭷⃝▱㸦␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ 9 Traditional Performing Arts of Japan ᭷⃝▱㸦␃Ꮫ⏕ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ 10 Introduction to Japanese Music II䠖Playing Shakuhachi ⟄▼㈼㸦㡢ᴦ⛉ᩍᐊ㸧 11 Theatre Workshop 㧗ᑿ㝯㸦⾲⌧ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᩍᐊ㸧 12 Recreation and Sports in Japan IV䠖Cycling Ώ㎶㞞அ㸦ಖయ⫱⛉ᩍᐊ㸧 13 Japanese Budo: Judo ᑕᡭ▮ᓁ㸦⏕ᾭࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩍᐊ㸧 14 Recreation and Sports in Japan III䠖Aquatic Sports (Swimming) Geography of Japan I: Historical Landscape of Yokohama and Kamakura in Kanagawa Prefecture ᒾᮏⰋ⿱㸦ಖయ⫱⛉ᩍᐊ㸧 15 37 ྂ⏣ᝋ㐀㸦᪥ᮏ◊✲ᩍᐊ㸧 ㈨ᩱ㸱 ▷ᮇ␃Ꮫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦,6(3㸧୍ぴ ᖺᗘ⛅Ꮫᮇ Title Cultural History of Japan Instructor ARISAWA, Shino Day/ Period Overview Place S301 nd Monday 2 period The subject will look at Japan’s cultural history from ancient times to the late 19th century. Lectures will explore various aspects of Japanese culture both chronologically and thematically so that students will grasp a broad history as well as gain an in-depth understanding of specific issues. Students will develop their critical skills in thinking, discussing, and presenting ideas in both oral and in written format. Textbooks and Relevant Readings 1. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne; Palais B. James. 2008. East Asia: A cultural, social and political history. Wadsworth. 2. Varley, Paul. 2000. Japanese culture (4th edition). University of Hawaii Press. 3. Jansen, Marius. 2000. The Making of modern Japan. Harvard University Pres. 4. Nishiyama, Matsunosuke (translated and edited y Gerald Groemer.) 1997. Edo Culture: daily life and diversions in urban Japan, 1600-1868. University of Hawaii Press. Schedule 1. Introduction 2. Early society and emergence of civilization 3. Ancient mythology 4. Introduction of Buddhism 5. Imperial institution and aristocrats culture 6. Literature of the court – The Tale of Genji 7. Rise of warriors and Medieval taste 8. War stories – The Tale of the Heike 9. Introduction of Christianity 10. Rising city of Edo and commoners culture 11. 12. 13. Students presentation 14. Edo scholarship – Confucianism, Dutch Learning, and Kokugaku “National Learning” 15. Edo literature – ukiyozôshi “books of the floating world”, jôruri dramas, and haiku poetries Method of Determining the Final Grade Attendance 15% Oral presentation 25% Final report 60% Title Counseling in Japan Instructor SANO, Hideki Day/ Period Monday 4th period Place Psychology Seminar Room A㸦ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⛉ $ ᐊ㸦Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟᐇ㦂ᐊ㸧, 2nd floor of Humanity & Social Science Research Building No.2 (#6 on Campus Map) Overview 1. Learn basic knowledge of counseling. 2. Comparing Japanese and home cultures 3. Discussion on common psychological elements across cultures. Textbooks and Relevant Readings Eric J. Marsh & David A. Wolfe (2005) Abnormal Child Psychology, Wadsworth J. E. Hecker & G. L. Thorpe Peason (2005) Introduction to Clinical Psychology Baba, K. & Tachibana, L. (2001) Counseling Univ. of Air (in Japanese) Kawai, H. (1970) Practice and Reality in Counseling Seishinshobo (in Japanese) Schedule Activities and Classroom Materials 38 1. Definition of Counseling 2. Process of Counseling 3. Initial Meeting 4. Structure of Mind 5. Attitude and Counseling Theories 6. Case Study 㹇(published documents) 7. Case Study II (Video tapes) 8. Case Study (Student Presentation) 9. Role Play I (verbal) 10. Role Play II (noverbal) 11. Communication Exercises I 12. Communication Exercises II 13. Relationship between Counselor and Client 14. Evaluation in Counseling 15. Project Presentation Method of Determining the Final Grade Project Reports Class Participation Title Philosophy and Ethics in Japan Instructor KURIHARA, Yuji Day/ Period Role play Videotapes Communication Exercises Place C203 nd Tuesday 2 period Overview In this subject, we ask if there are any philosophical elements unique to Japan. To answer this, we focus on the single topic of the Japanese view of the human being. The typical view of the human being in Japan could be characterized as "communitarianism" in contrast with "individualism." Since this contrast is based on a modern Western philosophy and ethics such as Plato, Hobbes, and Rawls, we may have to make a comparison between Japanese and Western ways of philosophically thinking. To understand this view, we will read some important texts translated into English, including those of Nitobe, Watsuji, Doi, and Natsume. Textbooks and Relevant Readings For textbooks, see below. <References> Blocker, H. G., and Starling, C. I. Japanese Philosophy, SUNY Press, 2001. Carter, R. E. Encounter with Enlightenment--A Study of Japanese Ethics, SUNY Press, 2001. Schedule 1. Introduction What is philosophy? Are there any philosophical elements unique to Japan? 2. Japanese ways of thinking philosophically Nitobe, Inazo. Bushido -- The Soul of Japan, ICG Muse, Inc., 2001 (originally published in 1905). 3. Philosophy and ethics in Japan Watsuji, Tetsuro. Rinrigaku (Ethics), SUNY Press, 1996 (org. in 1937). 4. Some philosophical ideas in Japanese culture Doi, Takeo. The Anatomy of Dependence, Kodansha International, 1973 Natsume, Soseki. My Individualism, Madison Books, 1992 Method of Determining the Final Grade Attendance and participation 30% In-class presentation of term paper 20% Term Paper (four pages or more/double space) 50% Title Crosscultural Teaching Practice Instructor TODA, Takako Day/ Period Tuesday 4th period Place Overview 39 S107 This subject is an exchange programme for overseas as well as Japanese students. Students will exchange ideas on values and skills in teaching by the process of actual classroom teaching. After being divided into groups and understanding some aspects of teaching, each group will prepare a small teaching plan and try it in a class. The topics for plan will be based on Japanese primary and secondary school integrated program. While one group practices their lesson plan, others play the part of students. Students have to submit reports focused on cross-cultural findings by attending each practice and develop them to a term report focused on a topic in practical teaching. Textbooks and Relevant Readings Students can take special preparation tutorials, where reference advice will be given. Schedule A detailed schedule will be arranged according to the number of registered students. Method of Determining the Final Grade Students have to submit reports focused on cross-cultural findings by attending each practice and develop them to a term report focused on a topic in practical teaching. Title ISEP Seminar: Aspects of Japanese Society and Culture Instructor ARISAWA, Shino Day/ Period Place N202 nd Wednesday 2 period Overview ISEP Seminar is available and COMPULSORY only for ISEP students. Students will take leading roles in weekly seminars where they will discuss and give presentations on their chosen topics about Japan, including social and cultural issues, arts, literature, politics, education and many other topics concerning the student’s own interest. ISEP Seminar aims to develop critical skills in thinking, discussing, and presenting ideas in oral and written format. A couple of excursions and lectures by guest speakers are also planned for the students to broaden their perspectives on Japanese society and culture. Textbooks and Relevant Readings No specific textbooks are required. Schedule To be confirmed at the first class. Method of Determining the Final Grade Attendance 30% Oral presentation Final report 30% 40% Title Education in Japan Instructor SHIBUYA, Hideaki Day/ Period Wednesday, 3rd period Place S401 Overview This subject title provides students with basic knowledge and information on Japanese education, and we would consider and discuss present situation and future perspective of Japanese education, comparing with that of students’ home countries. (The Present and the Future of Education in Japan: from a Comparative Viewpoint) Topics of Education in Japan 1) Outline of educational system, 2) School enrollment and attendance, 3) Examination and evaluation, 4) Private tutoring, 5) School discipline, 6) Lifelong learning, 7) Education and employment, 8) ICT and education, 9) Education and community Desirable participating students a) No special knowledge of pedagogy is required. b) Sufficient knowledge, information, and strong ideas about education in own country are necessary c) Positive attitudes for discussion are important Textbooks and Relevant Readings Japan's Education at a Glance 2006 (on the website of MEXT) Schedule 40 1) Lectures on outline of education in Japan (4 periods) 2) Two Video Programmes on Education in Japan(5 periods) 3) Group Discussion and Group Work: Comparative analysis of Education in Japan (5-6 periods) Method of Determining the Final Grade Subject grading will be based on a report presentation in class about education of students’ own society and a final report on comparative analysis of it with Japanese education. Title Cross-Cultural Studies Instructor Joshua Paul Dale Day/ Period Wednesday 4th period Place S105 Overview In this class, we will investigate what happens when people experience a different culture for the first time. What kind of experiences trigger culture shock, and how does one recover from it? How do people adapt to life in a culture different from the one in which they grew up? We will discuss not only the psychological aspects of this condition, but also the literary aspects; i.e. how cross-cultural experiences are organized as narratives and told as stories. Textbooks and Relevant Readings Reading material will consist of selected passages from various ethnographies and travel narratives, magazine articles, and internet blogs. The format of the class is lecture and discussion. There are no textbooks for this class. Schedule 1. Introduction 2. Culture Shock and the Production of Cross-Cultural Knowledge Excerpt from Stranger in the Forest by Eric Hansen Excerpt from Lydia Minatoya, Talking to High Monks in the Snow "Neighborhood Seismic Activity," Japan Times article by Elizabeth Kiritani 3. Cross-Cultural Exchange on the JET Program History and purpose of the JET Program Excerpts from internet blogs of JET Program participants Songs: Steve Bruce’s Alive in Numata 4. Cross-cultural Adaptation Essay from internet: "My Life with the Nanking Massacre" by Pemmican Method of Determining the Final Grade Short writing assignments 20% Oral Presentation 10% Final report 70% Title Traditional Music of Japan Instructor ARISAWA, Shino Day/ Period Place N205 nd Thursday 2 period Overview The subject will look at various forms of Japanese traditional music ranging from religious ceremonial performance to secular entertainment. Various instrumental genres such as koto zither, shamisen lute, and shakuhachi flute, as well as vocal genres will be discussed. The focus will be on historical and social background as well as musical features of each genre discussed with audio and visual materials. Students will be expected to take part in class discussions and to develop their critical skills in analysing musical performances. Textbooks and Relevant Readings (1) Provine, Robert C; Tokumaru, Yosihiko; Wizleben, J. Lawrence. eds. 2002. Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, (2) Tokita, Alison McQueen and David W. Hughes eds. 2007. The Ashgate research companion to Japanese music. East Asia : China, Japan, and Korea. New York: Routledge. Aldershot, Hants : Ashgate (3) Thornbury, Barbara E. 1997. The Folk Performing Arts: Traditional Culture in Contemporary Japan. Albany: State University of New York Press Schedule 41 1. Introduction 2. Kagura – Shinto ritual music, Shômyô – Buddhist sutra chanting 3. Gagaku court ensemble music 4. Biwa lute – from blind monks ritual to warriors moral education 5. Shamisen lute 6. Koto zither 7. Shakuhachi flute 8. Music for the Noh theatre 9. Music for the Kabuki theatre and Bunraku puppet theatre 10. 11. 12. Students presentation 13. Minyô folk songs 14. Western influence on traditional music of Japan 15. New and creative traditions Method of Determining the Final Grade Attendance and class participation 15% Oral presentation 25% Final report 60% Title Study of Japanese Print-Making Instructor KIYONO, Yasuyuki Instructor’s Room Art and Sports Science Division, Research Building, No.4, 3F Day/ Period Thursday 3rd period Place Printmaking Room (West Lecture Hall (W), 3F) Overview Learn about the ways of expression of Japanese traditional woodblock print known as Ukiyo-e, which had a major influence on the Impressionists. Create prints using the basic techniques. Also visit the actual studios such as paper making studios and print studios of the traditional craft that have supported those techniques, and study the themes of “expression and materials” as well as “expression and tools.” Textbooks and Relevant Readings Handout will be provided as necessary Schedule Tentative subjects covered in 15 weeks (subject to minor modification depending on the progress of lectures): Week 1: Introduction 2~3: History and techniques of printmaking 4: Visiting paper making studio 5: Making prints (sketch) 6: Visiting Machida City Museum of Graphic Arts or Edo-Tokyo Museum 7~10: Making prints (cutting) 11~14: Making prints(printing) 15: Meeting for a joint review Method of Determining the Final Grade The final grade will be based on: Attendance and class participation 40% Assignments 60% Title Recreation and Sports in Japan: Table Tennis Instructor WATANABE, Masayuki Day/ Period Tuesday 3th Period Place Table tennis gymnasium Overview The specific character of table tennis is that anyone can play it easily at any time. And also safety and moderately. If you will get better, you can play it at higher intensity. I hope you can enjoy table tennis and smash the ball splendidly through learning ARP theory, which is a theory of body movement for table tennis invented by the former world table tennis champion Ms. Noriko YAMANAKA. ARP means the Axis, the Rhythm, and the Posture. 42 Title Walking convention: The memory of history and war Instructor WATANABE, Masayuki Day/Period Thursday 5th period Place Around Yasukuni Shrine, Tama area, etc Overview In this Tama area there are many historic architecture and spots. Also Yasukuni-Jinja, Chidorigafuchi Cemetery and etc., which concern to the memory of the war, are there in this neighborhood. Then, I hope you go to these area or spots, watch them, and think something as you walk. The most unique point of this class is that we discuss while walking. Method of Determining the Final Grade We take attendance seriously. Title Geography of Japanϩ: Geography of Seaside and Downtown Area in Tokyo Prefecture Instructor FURUTA, Etsuzo Place First orientation: C203 Overview 1. Orientation 2. Half day Field Trip at Shinjuku district. 3. One day Field Trip at Waterfront Area in Tokyo. 4. One day Field Trip at Mountain Area in Tokyo. Textbooks and Relevant Readings In this lesson, instructor distributes materials. Schedule 1. Oct. 15 Fri. 9:00㹼12:00 Orientation at C203. 2. Oct. 15 Fri. 13:00㹼17:00 Half day Field Trip at Shinjuku district . 3. Oct. 16 Sat. 9:00㹼17:00 One day Field Trip at Central and Downtown Area in Tokyo. 4. Oct. 17 Sun. 9:00㹼17:00 One day Field Trip at Waterfront Area in Tokyo. Method of Determining the Final Grade The final grade will be based on: Attendance and Class Participation 100% Title Japanese Business Enterprises Instructor HARADA, Kazuo Day/ Period Field trips (on Fridays; date to be announced); Lectures (date to be announced) Place TBA Overview The principle aim of this subject is to gain an understanding of modern Japanese business enterprises and Japanese culture through field trips to local science- and food-oriented companies and factories in the greater Tokyo area. Schedule Orientation: 12:30-12:45, October 18th (Mon) at Room 301 on 3rd floor of the Humanities and Social Sciences/ Natural Science Division, Research Building, No.3㸦ேᩥ♫⛉Ꮫ⣔࣭⮬↛⛉Ꮫ⣔◊✲Ჷ ྕ㤋 㝵 ྕᐊ㸧 Introductory class (October) Lecture #1: Fermentation in Japanese food products & introduction to Field trip #1 (November) Field trip #1: Ozawa-shuzo (November) Lecture #2: Introduction to Field trip #2 (December) Field trip #2: Tsukiji Market (December) Lecture #3: Introduction to Field trip #3 (January) Field trip #3: to be announced (January) Method of Determining the Final Grade Attendance and written reports concerning each of the three field trips. Title Recreation and Sports in Japanϩ: Skiing Instructor IWAMOTO, Yoshihiro This is an intensive class of skiing and other winter sports. We take 3 nights and 4 days, February, 2011. Day/Period An orientation will be held in October. See the bulletin board in Int’l Affairs Office. 43 Place Akakura, Niigata Prefecture Overview This is an intensive subject. Four-day Skiing in the Mountain at Myoukou Kogen in February. An orientation will be held in October. Please see the bulletin board in October for details. Beginners are welcome. Method of Determining the Final Grade We take attendance seriously. You must submit a report after completion of the class. ᖺᗘᏛᮇ Title Cross-Cultural Ideas Instructor Takako Toda Instructor’s room Day/ Period Tuesday 4th period Overview This subject is an exchange program for overseas students and Japanese students. Each student will prepare his own presentation: a) an introductory speech of himself and his hometown or hobbies (April & May), b) topics for class discussion based on his observation or his readings on youth culture, society, our future, or something which has general interest in the class. (June & July.) The key sentences of the presentation has to be translated both in English and Japanese, with which we will have time for discuss translatability at the end of each session. Students have to submit reports focused on cross-cultural findings by attending each session and develop them to a term report focused on a specific topic in cross-cultural understanding. Textbooks and Relevant Readings Students can take special preparation tutorials, where reference advice will be given. Schedule A detailed schedule will be arranged according to the number of registered students. Method of Determining the Final Grade Submission of Class Registration Paper that shows the purpose of taking this class and the students’ own learning goals to be achieved by the end of the class. Submission of Presentation Paper including a summary of their presentation. Submission of Term Report focused on cross-cultural findings by listening to other students’ presentations and participating in discussions. Title Modern and Contemporary Culture of Japan Instructor Shino Arisawa Day/ Period Wednesday 2nd period International Student Exchange Center, 2nd floor, N-building Instructor’s room Overview This course will explore Japan’s cultural transformations from the late 19th century to present, focusing on key issues in Meiji restoration, Taisho culture, nationalism, war, and cultural reconstruction in the post-war period. Topics will cover art, literature, media, popular entertainment, and other related matters. Lectures will explore cultural transformations both chronologically and thematically so that students will grasp a broad history as well as gain an in-depth understanding of specific issues. Students will develop their critical skills in thinking, discussing, and presenting ideas in both oral and in written format. Textbooks and Relevant Readings 5. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne; Palais B. James. 2008. East Asia: A cultural, social and political history. Wadsworth. 6. Varley, Paul. 2000. Japanese culture (4th edition). University of Hawaii Press. 7. Jansen, Marius. 2000. The Making of modern Japan. Harvard University Pres. Schedule To be announced at the first class Method of Determining the Final Grade Attendance 15% Oral presentation 25% Final report 60% Title ISEP Seminar II Instructor Shino Arisawa Instructor’s room 44 International Student Exchange Center, 2nd floor, N-building Day/ Period Overview Wednesday 3rd period ISEP Seminar is available and COMPULSORY only for ISEP students. Students will take leading roles in weekly seminars where they will discuss and give presentations on their chosen topics about Japan, including social and cultural issues, arts, literature, politics, education and many other topics concerning the student’s own interest. ISEP Seminar aims to develop critical skills in thinking, discussing, and presenting ideas in oral and written format. A couple of excursions and lectures by guest speakers are also planned for the students to broaden their perspectives on Japanese society and culture. Textbooks and Relevant Readings No specific textbooks are required. Schedule To be confirmed at the first class. Method of Determining the Final Grade Attendance 30% Oral presentation 30% Final report 40% Title Instructor Culture Clashes Joshua Dale Day/ Period Wednesday 4th period Instructor’s room Overview This class will investigate how cultural productions travel between cultures. How is global culture produced, and who determines its content? Textbooks and Relevant Readings Reading material will consist of selected passages and from various media sources. The format of the class is lecture and discussion. There are no textbooks for this class. Schedule 1. Introduction to the class and teaching method 2. Discussion of material related to culture clashes 3. Discussion of topics for first group projects. 4. Preparation for first group projects. 5. Presentation of first group projects. 6. Evaluation and Feedback of first group projects. 7. Discussion of second unit on culture clashes 8. Discussion of topics for Oral Presentation 9. Oral Presentations 10. Evaluation and Feedback of Second Oral Presentation 11. Discussion of topics for Final Reports 12. Final Report Organization: main idea, thesis statement, development, conclusion 13. Final Report Conferences 14. Final Report Conferences 15. Conclusion of Course Method of Determining the Final Grade Short writing assignments and group projects: 20% Oral Presentation: 10% Final report: 70% Title Traditional Performing Arts of Japan Instructor Shino Arisawa Day/ Period Thursday 3nd period Instructor’s room International Student Exchange Center, 2nd floor, N-building Overview This course will look at various forms of Japanese theatre, music, and dance traditions ranging from religious ceremonial performance to secular entertainment. Genres to be focused include kabuki, noh, ningyô-jôruri puppet theatre, and instrumental genres such as koto, shamisen, and shakuhachi, as well as vocal genres. The focus will be on historical and social background as well as features in performance discussed with audio and visual materials. 45 Textbooks and Relevant Readings (4) Tokita, Alison McQueen and David W. Hughes eds. 2007. The Ashgate research companion to Japanese music. Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate. (5) Provine, Robert C; Tokumaru, Yosihiko; Wizleben, J. Lawrence. eds. 2002. Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, East Asia: China, Japan, and Korea. New York: Routledge. (6) Inoura,Yoshinobu and Toshio Kawatake. 1981. The Traditional Theater of Japan. New York: Weatherhill. Schedule To be announced at the first class Method of Determining the Final Grade Attendance and class participation 15% Assignments 25% Oral presentation 60% Title Introduction to Psychophysiology Instructor Day/ Period Kazunari Ikeda Thursday 4th period Instructor’s Room Room 310 in CRSEP Overview In psychophysiology the relation of mind with body is studied via measuring physiological responses under some psychological situation. If persons feel goodwill toward somebody, for instance, their pupils in eyes would be dilated in addition to slowing of their heart rates. This course would introduce participants to basic and applied knowledge in psychophysiology. Textbooks and Relevant Readings No textbook is used in this class whereas the following books might be referenced. Andreassi, J. L. (2006) Psychophysiology, 5th ed. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hugdahl, K. (1995) Psychophysiology. Harvard University Press. Stern, R. M., Ray, W. J., & Quigley, K. S. (2001) Psychophysiological Recording, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. Schedule 1. Orientation 9. Muscle Activity 2. Introduction 10. Electroencephalography 3. Mind and Body 11. Event-related Potentials 4. Bioelectric Measurement 12. Lie Detection 5. Electrodermal Activity 13. Biofeedback 6. Cardiovascular Activity 14. Neuroimaging 7. Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Responses 15. Conclusion 8. Eye Responses Method of Determining the Final Grade Based on the rate of class attendance, outcomes of short examinations across the course would be evaluated. Title Cultural Social Psychology of the Japanese Instructor Shinkichi Sugimori Day/ Period Instructor’s room th Friday 5 period Overview In this class, we will discuss about the foreign students' questions on Japanese customs and behavior. Through the discussion and lectures, the students will deepen the understanding of the Japanese cultural social psychology. Textbooks and Relevant Readings Text books and suggested readings: I will assign appropriate learning materials in the class. Schedule 1 .Why Japanese people are hesitant to talk with foreigners? : The communication patterns of the Japanese 2. Japanese way of expressing aggressiveness: 2-1. Psychology of aggression 2-2. Bullying in Japanese schools 3. Japanese individual-group relationships: 3-1. Children’s social development through long-term outdoor life experiences. 3-2. What does ‘we’ mean to the Japanese? Comparison of Japan, Korea, and Canada. 3-3. Stereotypic cognition and risk perception 4. Political attitudes and behavior of the Japanese youths. 46 Method of Determining the Final Grade Attendance (30points: First absence: -5points, other absences: -10points) Discussion (contribution to the class discussion: 40points) Small reports (15points for each) Title Recreation and Sports in Japan㸸Cycling Instructor Masayuki Watanabe Day/ Period Tuesday 3rd Period Instructor’s room Overview Cycle sports are the most favorite and popular sports in Japan. In this class you will be able to ride not only racing cycle but also tandem cycle. Tandem cycle is for two persons use. Both riders cooperate in riding. Riding cycle makes you feel a wind. Textbooks and Relevant Readings Schedule Method of Determining the Final Grade Title Introduction to Japanese Music: Enjoy Playing Shakuhachi Instructor Kensho Takeshi Day/ Period Tuesday 5th period Instructor’s Room 3rd floor, Arts and Sports Science Building 2 Overview The purpose of this subject is to examine and demonstrate the shakuhachi in relation to Japanese traditional music and Japanese culture. Shakuhachi has a long history, and is also famous abroad as a representative Japanese traditional instrument. Students study how to make sound, then will be to play a simple piece. Also they study Japanese cultural background through to shakuhachi. *We are ready to borrow shakuhachi during the class period. Textbooks and Relevant Readings Kitahara, I., Matsumoto, M., & Matsuda, A, (1990). The Encyclopedia of Musical Instruments, the Shakuhachi. Tokyo Ongaku no Toko Sha. (2) Neptune, J, Kaiazan (1978), Shakuhachi, Self- Published. Other handout pieces will be provided as necessary. Schedule Class 1-2 Class 3-14 Class 15 Orientation Explain the history of Japanese traditional music Japanese music How to make a simple tone (to be continued) Demonstrate basic tone Proceeding sound Breathing Lip Shape Articulation Tunes: (1) Japanese Play Songs, Warabeuta (2) Japanese Folk Songs, Minyo (3) Japanese Original Tunes, Honkyoku (4) World Music Class concert Method of Determining the Final Grade The grade will be based on: Performance Skill 30% Attendance and Class Participant 10% Title Japanese Budo: Judo Instructor Misaki Iteya Day/Period 60% Concert Demonstration Instructor’s Room nd Thursday 2 period Overview 47 This lesson is designed for beginners. You will learn Japanese traditional behavior through practicing Judo: how to put on Kimono, walk on Tatami, make Japanese bow, etc. You will also come to understand some fundamental techniques of Judo. Simultaneously, we will consider the educational implication of Judo. Textbooks and Relevant Readings Schedule 1) Orientation 2) History and characteristics of Judo 3) Fundamental skills (Ukemi, Taisabaki, etc.) 4) Throwing techniques [Nage waza] (part 1) 5) Throwing techniques (part 2) 6) Throwing techniques (part 3) 7) Groundwork techniques [Katame waza] (part 1) 8) Groundwork techniques (part 2) 9) Groundwork techniques (part 3) 10) Forms for throw (formal exercise, part 1) 11) Forms for self-defense (formal exercise, part 2) 12) Practical techniques (combinations) 13) Practical techniques (counter attack) 14) The rules and methods of the match 15) Skill tests and evaluation Method of Determining the Final Grade Attendance of more than two thirds (2/3) of the classes Title Instructor Day/Period Natural History in Japan Koichiro Fujimoto & Yukio Nakano Instructor’s room nd Friday 2 period and two field trips on Saturday or Sunday (1 day trips) Overview We will give students some basic knowledge of natural sciences, especially in geological and environment science areas, through lectures and field activities. Some basic skills of observing living things and natural phenomena will also be given. After completing the subject, students are expected to have some basic knowledge to understand Japanese nature as well as enough skills to carry out self-study on their natural environment. Textbooks and Relevant Readings Printed materials (instructions) will be delivered. Schedule 1. Introduction / Lecture: Explanation of what Natural History is, why we have to learn Natural History, and How we can understand Natural History / Explanation of what we will learn and where we will learn. (Tokyo Gakugei University, TGU) 2. Lecture: Brief explanation of the mechanism of global warming and a current situation for global warming in Japan.(TGU) 3. Observation trip: Observation of “The Exhibition Room of National Institute of Information and Communications Technology” to study about global warming researches in Japan.(TGU) 4. Lecture: Brief explanation of pollutions and their history in Japan, especially about "Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan" (TGU) 5. Outdoor activity: Observation and mesurement of air pollutants around TGU. (TGU) 6. Observation trip: Observation of “National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation” to study about nature and science in Japan. (1day trip to Ueno) 7. Lecture: Brief explanation on the characteristics of geological hazards such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. (TGU) 8. Lecture: Brief explanation on major geological hazards in Japan including Japanese volcanoes and hot springs. (TGU) 9. Geology Field Trip: Observation of typical volcanic landscapes and active volcano. (Field trip to Hakone, 1 day trip) 10.Field activity around TGU: Observation of volcanic ash from Mt. Hakone and Mt. Fuji Ground water and landscape Method of Determining the Final Grade Assignments: Students are asked to submit a report on each activity including 1day trip. Title Theatre Workshop Instructor Takashi Takao Day/ Period Instructor’s room th Thursday 5 period Overview The aim of this course is to experience a theatre workshop. The class is constructed with games, activities and group works based on a theatre theory called "impro"(improvisational theatre). Key words are playfulness, spontaneity, imagination, creativity, storytelling, courage, facilitation, communication and collaborative innovation. We may make a group theatre 48 performance. Some Japanese students will be invited to the class. Students will experience cross cultural communication including both verbal and non-verbal. Theatrical expericence is not needed. Active participation will be welcomed. Textbooks and Relevant Readings These books are recommended as relevant readings; Johnstone, Keith "Impro:Improvisation and the Theatre" Routredge, 1979 Johnstone, Keith "Impro for Storytellers" Routledge, 1999 Schedule A curriculum will be designed according to the students. Method of Determining the Final Grade Attendance, class participation and final report. Title School in Japan Instructor Shigeru Asanuma Instructor’s room th Day/ Period Friday 4 period Overview The purpose of this class is to understand the curriculum and instruction in Japanese schools. There are many reports on Japanese education through eyes of mass media. teaching of Japanese schools. But there are not so many researches on educational content and way of We will focus on the classroom teaching of Japanese schools and try to have in-depth understanding what the schools do in Japan. We will encourage to observe the Japanese schools in terms of their own eyes rather than the non-evidential fraud journalistic eyes. For this purpose, it is imperative to seek the empirical evidence through students' own observations. Textbooks and Relevant Readings John Dewey SCHOOL AND SOCIETY Schedule 1, Orientation 2, The contemporary curriculum reforms in Japan 3, Comparative study of the students’ own countries’ curricula and schools: The students are required to analyze and summarize the changing issues and meanings of the individual country’s school curriculum. 4, Continued 5, Continued 6, Observing schools 7, Discussing the implication of the individual curriculum and teaching in the Japanese schools 8, Discussing the standards which may be able to be used to compare with the qualities of various countries. 9, Observing schools 10, Discussing the differences of Japanese school curriculum from the students’ own countries 11, Continued 12, Observing schools 13, Discussion 14, Final presentation 15, Conclusion Method of Determining the Final Grade The participation in the individual class Final Report (4,000 words Paper) Method of Determining the Final Grade The final grade will be based on: Attendance and Class Participation 100% Title Geography of JapanϨ: Historical Landscape of Yokohama and Kamakura in Kanagawa Prefecture Instructor Etsuzo Furuta Instructor’s room Day/ Period Overview 49 1. Orientation 2. Half day Field Trip at the Surrounding area of the University. 3. One day Field Trip in Yokohama 4. One day Field Trip in Kamakura Textbooks and Relevant Readings In this lesson, instructor distributes materials. Schedule (TENTATIVE) 1. April 15 Fri. 11:00-12:00 Orientation at S310. 2. April 15 Fri. 13:00-17:00 Half day Field Trip at Surrounding area of the University. 3. April 16 Sat. 9:00-17:00 One day Field Trip in Yokohama. 4. April 17 Sun. 9:00-17:00 One day Field Trip in Kamakura. Method of Determining the Final Grade The final grade will be based on: Attendance and Class Participation 100% Title Recreation and Sports in JapanϪ㸸Aquatic Sports (Swimming) Instructor Yoshihiro Iwamoto Day/ Period Sunday in late July / Three days in early August Place Swimming Pool of the University & Ubara sea at Chiba Instructor’s Room Overview Beginners are welcome. Textbooks and Relevant Readings Schedule This is an intensive subject. Two-day swimming in the swimming pool of our university in late July, and three-day swimming in the sea at Chiba prefecture [Shiraku-so at Ubara, Katsuura city] in early August. An orientation will be held in April. Please see the bulletin board in April for details. This class is equivalent to a 15 sessions of 90 minutes. Method of Determining the Final Grade We take attendance seriously. You must submit a report papers after completion of the class. 50 ㈨ ㈨ᩱ㸲 ࡞⾜ ⾜ࡢ┿ ➉᪩ᑠᏛᰯ ᰯࡢὶ㸦ᩍဨ ဨ◊ಟ␃Ꮫ⏕㸧 ➉᪩ᑠᏛᰯ ᰯࡢὶ㸦,6((3 ␃Ꮫ⏕㸧 ⸛ᰁࡵయ㦂㸦᪥ᮏㄒ᪥ᮏᩥ ᩥ◊ಟ␃Ꮫ⏕㸧 Ụᡞᮾிࡓ࡚ࡶࡢ ࡢᅬぢᏛ㸦ᩍဨ ဨ◊ಟ␃Ꮫ⏕㸧 Ụ ᅜ㝿ὶ࢝ࣇ ࣇ࢙ ᅜ㝿ὶྜᐟ ᐟ 51 ཧ⪃㈨ᩱ ᮏᏛ࠾ࡅࡿ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘ㸦ᅜ㝿ㄢࡢ㈨ᩱࡼࡿ㸧 ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘࡢ᥎⛣ 㻢㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻡᭶㻝᪥ 㻝㻜᭶㻝᪥ 㻟㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻜 እᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘ୍ぴ ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘ ␃Ꮫ⏕༊ศ࣭✀ู Ꮫ㈝༊ศ 㸯㸴ᖺ 㸳᭶ ᭶ ༤ኈㄢ⛬ 㸯㸵ᖺ 㸯㸶ᖺ 㸯㸷ᖺ 㸰㸮ᖺ 㸰㸯ᖺ 㸳᭶ ᭶ 㸳᭶ ᭶ 㸳᭶ ᭶ 㸳᭶ ᭶ 㸳᭶ ᭶ 㸰㸰ᖺ 㸰㸱ᖺ 㸳᭶ ᭶ 㸳᭶ ᭶ 㸰㸲ᖺ 㸳᭶ ᅜ㈝ እᅜᨻᗓὴ㐵 ⚾㈝ Ꮫ㝔⏕ ಟኈㄢ⛬ ⚾㈝ ◊✲␃Ꮫ⏕ ᅜ㈝ ◊✲⏕ ⚾㈝ Ꮫ 㝔 ᅜ㈝ እᅜᨻᗓὴ㐵 ࣞ ◊✲⏕ ࣋ ࣝ ᩍဨ◊ಟ␃Ꮫ⏕ ᪥ᮏㄒணഛᩍ⫱⏕ ≉ู⫈ㅮᏛ⏕ ␃Ꮫ⏕ ୍࣭⯡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ⛉┠➼ᒚಟ⏕ ᅜ㈝ ᅜ㈝ ⚾㈝ ⚾㈝ ᑠィ ᅜ㈝ እᅜᨻᗓὴ㐵 Ꮫ ⚾㈝ 㒊 ᪥ᮏㄒ᪥ᮏᩥ◊ಟ␃Ꮫ⏕ ࣞ ␃Ꮫ⏕ ࣋ ≉ู⫈ㅮ ୍࣭⯡ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ࣝ Ꮫ⏕ ␃Ꮫ⏕ ࣭▷ᮇ␃Ꮫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ᅜ㈝ ⚾㈝ ⚾㈝ Ꮫ㒊⏕ ⛉┠➼ᒚಟ⏕ ᑠィ ྜ ィ ⚾㈝ ᅜ㈝ እᅜᨻᗓὴ㐵 ⚾㈝ 52