時折伴奏

⏕⌮㻌 㻝㻼㻹㻜㻣㻟
᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻞 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻜㻤䠅㻌
๺ჿ䈱⣖ಣℂ䈮䈍䈔䉎㖸ᭉᢎ⢒䈱ലᨐ
੐⽎㑐ㅪ㔚૏䉕↪䈇䈢ᬌ⸛
䂾⩲ኅ(ᅏች)㓁ሶ 1䊶દ⮮ᶈ੺ 2䋨㕖ળຬ䋩䊶ਛጊᵗ 1䋨㕖ળຬ䋩䊶ਛ↰ജ 2 䋨㕖ળຬ䋩
䋨1 ⽷࿅ᴺੱ䊟䊙䊊㖸ᭉᝄ⥝ળ䊶2 ᣂẟᄢቇ⣖⎇ⓥᚲ䋩
Key words䋺㖸ᭉᾫ㆐ᐲ䋬MMN/ERAN䋬N5/Slow Negativity
⺃⊒䈘䉏䈭䈎䈦䈢䋮㐳ẜᤨᏪ䈪䈲䋬㖸ᭉ⟲䈮䈍䈇䈩䈱䉂䋬ㅺ⣕ೝỗ
⋡ ⊛
๺ჿ䈲ᣓᓞ䉇䊥䉵䊛䈫䈫䉅䈮㖸ᭉ䈱㊀ⷐ䈭ⷐ⚛䈪䈅䉍䋬๺ჿቇ䈲⷏
䈮ኻ䈚䈩᦭ᗧ䈭㒶ᕈ㔚૏䈏⸥㍳䈘䉏䈢[F(1, 20) = 27.5, p < .01]䋮
ᵗ㖸ᭉᢎ⢒䈮䈍䈇䈩ᰳ䈎䈞䈭䈇ᩇ䈱䈵䈫䈧䈪䈅䉎䋮๺ჿቇ䈱⠌ᓧ䈮
⠨ ኤ
䉋䉍䋬଀䈋䈳૞ᦛኅ䈱ᗧ࿑䈜䉎ᓸᅱ䈭๺ჿ䈱Ꮏᄦ䈮ᢅᗵ䈮᳇䈨䈒䈭䈬䋬
㖸ᭉ䈱䉋䉍“ᷓ䈇”㐓⾨䈏น⢻䈮䈭䉎䈫䈘䉏䉎䋮䈖䉏䈲㖸ᭉኅ䈮䈫䈦䈩䈲
๺ჿ䈱⣖ಣℂ䈮䈲䋬ᔕ╵ẜᤨ䈱⇣䈭䉎2⒳㘃䈱䊜䉦䊆䉵䊛䈱㑐ਈ䈏
⚻㛎⊛䈮⥄᣿䈭੐ታ䈪䈅䉎䉅䈱䈱䋬⑼ቇ⊛ᬌ⸽䈲ᧂ䈣ਇචಽ䈪䈅䉎䋮
⍮䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎䋮䇸ᑯ೎ኈᤃ᧦ઙ䇹䈪䈲䋬⍴ẜᤨᚑಽ䈱ᝄ᏷䈏㖸ᭉ⟲䈪
๺ჿ䈱⣖ಣℂ䈮㑐䈜䉎㔚᳇↢ℂቇ⊛⎇ⓥ䈪䈲䋬ᢥ⣂䈎䉌ᄖ䉏䈢๺
᦭ᗧ䈮ᄢ䈐䈎䈦䈢䈏䋬㐳ẜᤨᚑಽ䈲ਔⵍ㛎⠪⟲䈫䉅᣿⍎䈪䋬䈠䈱ᝄ᏷
㖸䈮ኻ䈚䈩⸥㍳䈘䉏䉎੐⽎㑐ㅪ㔚૏(ERP)ᚑಽ䈫䈚䈩䋬ẜᤨ䈱⍴䈇㒶
䈮Ꮕ䈲⹺䉄䉌䉏䈭䈎䈦䈢䋮䇸ᑯ೎࿎㔍᧦ઙ䇹䈪䈲䋬⍴ẜᤨᚑಽ䈲䈇䈝
ᕈ㔚૏䋨100-300 ms, MMN/ERAN䋩䈫ẜᤨ䈱㐳䈇㒶ᕈ㔚૏䋨400䌾 ms,
䉏䈱ⵍ㛎⠪⟲䈪䉅⺃⊒䈘䉏䈝䋬㖸ᭉ⟲䈱䉂䈏㐳ẜᤨ䈱ᔕ╵䉕␜䈚
N5/Late Negativity䋩䈏⍮䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎䋨e.g., Koelsch et al., 2000)䋮ߔߥࠊ
䈢䋮
๺ჿ䈱⍴ẜᤨಣℂ䈫㐳ẜᤨಣℂ䈱ᯏ⢻⊛ᗧ⟵䈮䈧䈐䋬೨⠪䈲ᗵⷡ
ߜ㧘๺ჿߩಣℂߦߪ㧘ᔕ╵ẜᤨ߇᣿⏕ߦ⇣ߥࠆ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ␹⚻ቇ⊛ࡔ
䊧䊔䊦䋬ᓟ⠪䈲⹺⍮䊧䊔䊦䈱ಣℂ䉕෻ᤋ䈜䉎䈫䈱⷗ᣇ䈏䈅䉎䋨Loui et
ࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ߇㑐ਈߔࠆ㧚
ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈪䈲䋬䈖䉏䉌ẜᤨᏪ䈱⇣䈭䉎䋲䈧䈱 ERP ᚑಽ䉕ᜰᮡ䈫䈚䈩䋬
al., 2005䋩䋮৻ᣇ䋬೨⠪䈲㖸ᭉ䈱⛔⺆⺰⊛ಣℂ䋨⸒⺆䈱⛔⺆⺰⊛ಣℂ
๺ჿಣℂ䈮䈍䈔䉎㖸ᭉᢎ⢒䈱ലᨐ䉕ᬌ⸛䈚䈢䋮ೝỗ䈫䈚䈩䈲䋬⍴䈇ᣓ
䈮㑐ㅪ䈚䈢 ERP ᚑಽ䈪䈅䉎 ELAN 䈫ኻᔕ䋩䋬ᓟ⠪䈲ᗧ๧⺰⊛ಣℂ䋨ห
ᓞ䈮䈧䈔䈢઻ᄼ๺㖸䉕ᤨ᛬ᄌൻ䈘䈞䋬䇸ᑯ೎ኈᤃ᧦ઙ䇹䈪䈲㜞㗫ᐲᮡ
N400 䈫ኻᔕ䋩䉕෻ᤋ䈜䉎䈫䈜䉎┙႐䉅䈅䉎䋨Koelsch et al., 2003a䋩䋮
Ḱೝỗ䋨80䋦䋩䈫ૐ㗫ᐲㅺ⣕ೝỗ䋨20䋦䋩䈫䈪઻ᄼ๺㖸䈱ශ⽎䈏ᄢ䈐䈒
ఽ┬䈮䈍䈔䉎⸒⺆₪ᓧㆊ⒟䈪䈲䋬㐳ẜᤨᚑಽ䋨N400䋩䈏⍴ẜᤨᚑ
⇣䈭䉍䋬䇸ᑯ೎࿎㔍᧦ઙ䇹䈪䈲䈠䉏䈏㕖Ᏹ䈮ૃㅢ䈉䉋䈉䈮⸳ቯ䈚䈢䋮㐳
ಽ䋨ELAN䋩䈮వ┙䈦䈩ᒻᚑ䈘䉏䋨Hahne et al., 2004䋩䋬⛔⸘ቇ⊛䈮䈲᦭
ᦼ䈮ኾ㐷⊛㖸ᭉᢎ⢒䉕ฃ䈔䈢⠪䋨㖸ᭉ⟲䋺11 ฬ䋩䈫䈠䈉䈪䈭䈇⠪䋨৻⥸
ᗧ䈪䈭䈇䉅䈱䈱䋬๺㖸ಣℂ䈪䉅ห᭽䈱௑ะ䈏ႎ๔䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䋨Koelsch
⟲䋺11 ฬ䋩䈪䋬䈖䉏䉌ೝỗ䈮ኻ䈜䉎⣖䈱ᔕ╵䉕Ყセ䈚䈢䋮
et al., 2003b䋩䋮ᧄታ㛎䈪䉅䋬㖸ᭉ⟲䈱ᑯ೎࿎㔍᧦ઙ䈱䉋䈉䈮㐳ẜᤨᚑ
ಽ䈱䉂䈏⸥㍳䈘䉏䉎଀䈲䈅䈦䈢䈏䋬⍴ẜᤨᚑಽ䈏㐳ẜᤨᚑಽ䉕઻䉒
䈝䈮⸥㍳䈘䉏䉎䈖䈫䈲䈭䈎䈦䈢䋮๺ჿ䈱ቇ⠌䈲䋬㐳ẜᤨಣℂ䈪“⹺⍮
ᣇ ᴺ
⺖㗴䈲䋬៤Ꮺဳ䉭䊷䊛ᯏ䈪䉭䊷䊛䋨ή㖸䋩䉕ⴕ䈇䋬䉟䊟䊖䊮䈎䉌ឭ␜
䈘䉏䉎⡬ⷡೝỗ䉕⡞䈐ᵹ䈜䈖䈫䈪䈅䈦䈢䋮⺖㗴ᣉⴕਛ䈱⣖ᵄ䉕䋬ਔ⡊
⊛䈮”⡞䈐ಽ䈔䉌䉏䉎䉋䈉䈮䈭䈦䈢䈅䈫䋬⍴ẜᤨಣℂ䈪“ᗵⷡ⊛”䈮⡞䈐
ಽ䈔䉌䉏䉎䋬䈫䈇䈉Ბ㓏䉕〯䉃น⢻ᕈ䈏␜ໂ䈘䉏䉎䋮
᧊ㅪ⚿ၮḰ䈮䉋䉍䋬࿖㓙 10-20 ᴺ䈮ၮ䈒㗡⊹਄ 21 䊱ᚲ䈎䉌⸥㍳䈚䋬䉝
ᒁ↪ᢥ₂
䊷䉼䊐䉜䉪䊃䈱ᷙ౉䈚䈢⹜ⴕ䉕㒰෰ᓟ䋬ട▚ᐔဋ䈮䉋䉍 ERP 䉕ᓧ䈢䋮
MMN/ERAN䋬N5/Late Negativity 䈫䉅䋬೨㗡ㇱఝ૏䈮ಽᏓ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈎䉌䋬
Hahne, A. et al. (2004). Brain signatures of syntactic and semantic
Fz 㔚ᭂ䈮䈩⛔⸘⸃ᨆ䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䋮
processes during children’s language development, J Cogn Neurosci, 16,
1302-1318.
⚿ ᨐ
Koelsch, S. et al. (2000). Brain indices of music processing:
⣖ᵄ᷹ቯᓟ䈮ⴕ䈦䈢ⴕേታ㛎䈮䈍䈔䉎ㅺ⣕ೝỗ䈱ᬌ಴ᱜ╵₸䈲䋬
ᑯ೎ኈᤃ᧦ઙ䈪䈲ⵍ㛎⠪⟲㑆䈱Ꮕ䈲䈭䈎䈦䈢䈏䋬ᑯ೎࿎㔍᧦ઙ䈪䈲
“Nonmusicians” are musical, J Cogn Neurosci, 12, 520-541.
Koelsch, S. et al. (2003a). Processing tonal modulations: An ERP study, J
㖸ᭉ⟲䉋䉍৻⥸⟲䈱ᱜ╵₸䈏᦭ᗧ䈮ૐ䈎䈦䈢䋨t(20)=4.1, p < .01䋩䋮
Cogn Neurosci, 15, 1149-1159.
ᑯ೎ኈᤃ᧦ઙ䈮䈍䈔䉎 ERP 䈱⍴ẜᤨᚑಽ䈮㑐䈚䈩䈲䋬㖸ᭉ⟲䈫৻
Koelsch, S. et al. (2003b). Children processing music: Electric brain
⥸⟲䈱䈇䈝䉏䈮䈍䈇䈩䉅ㅺ⣕ೝỗ䈮ኻ䈚䈩ᮡḰೝỗ䉋䉍䉅ᝄ᏷䈱ᄢ
responses reveal musical competence and gender differences, J Cogn
䈐䈇㒶ᕈ㔚૏䈏⸥㍳䈘䉏[㖸ᭉ⟲: F(1, 20) = 47.2 p < .01; ৻⥸⟲: F(1,
Neurosci, 15, 683-693.
20) = 7.3, p < .05 ]䋬䈠䈱ᝄ᏷䈲㖸ᭉ⟲䈪ᄢ䈐䈎䈦䈢[F(1, 20) = 6.5, p
Loui, P. et al. (2005). Effects of attention on the neural processing of
harmonic syntax in Western music, Cogn Brain Res, 25, 678-687.
< .05]䋮㐳ẜᤨᏪ䈪䈲䋬䈇䈝䉏䈱ⵍ㛎⠪⟲䈮䈍䈇䈩䉅ㅺ⣕ೝỗ䈮ኻ䈚
䈩᦭ᗧ䈭ᝄ᏷䈱㒶ᕈ㔚૏䈏⸥㍳䈘䉏[F(1, 20) = 26.6, p < .01]䋬䈠䈱ല
ᨐ䈮ⵍ㛎⠪⟲㑆䈱Ꮕ䈲䈭䈎䈦䈢䋮
ᑯ೎࿎㔍᧦ઙ䈪䈲䋬䈇䈝䉏䈱ⵍ㛎⠪⟲䈮䈍䈇䈩䉅⍴ẜᤨᚑಽ䈲
(Yoko Okumiya-Kanke, Kosuke Itoh, Yoh Nakayama, Tsutomu Nakada)
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