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International Planned
Parenthood Federation
4 Newhams Row
London SE1 3UX
Tel
+44 (0)20 7939 8200
Fax +44 (0)20 7939 8306
Email [email protected]
www.ippf.org
UK Registered Charity
No.229476
UNFPA
220 East 42nd Street
New York,
NY 10017
USA
Tel +1 212 297 5000
www.unfpa.org
Global Coalition
on Women and AIDS
20, avenue Appia
CH-1211 Geneva 27
Switzerland
Tel +41 22 791 5412
Fax +41 22 791 4187
Email [email protected]
Young Positives
P.O. Box 10152
1001ED Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel +31 20 528 78 28
Fax +31 20 627 52 21
Email [email protected] www.youngpositive.com
The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund. Published by IPPF in 2006
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manbMNg pg30 >
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• elIkkMBs´skmµPaBBhuvis&yedIm,Ibeg;Inkaryl´dwgfñak´Cati hamXat´min
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•
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•
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karN¾ena¼minRtÚváneKcat´viFankarN_ dl´GñkEdlRbRBwtþbTelµIsena¼eT > (sMPasn_ m®nþkmµ
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•
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yl´ BRgwg nigGnuvtþc,ab´TaMg ena¼ >” (sMPasn_ TIRbwkßa TIPñak´garGnþrCati
PñMeBj Extula qñaM 2006)
•
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mYycMnYn edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_ nigepþatelIRkúmeKaledAc,as´las´rbs´ekµg
RsI nig®sþIv&yekµg >” (sMPasn_ nayk Gg:
karsuxPaBbnþBUC nigsuxPaBpøÚvePT PñMeBj
Extula qñaM 2006)
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ENnaMnana41 >
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• RksYgkic©karnarIánbeg;ItnUveKalneyaáysMrab´®sþI ekµgRsI nigemeraKeGds_
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• edaymankarKaMRTedayc,ab´karbg;ar nigTb´s;at´karrIkraldalemeraKeGds_
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• eKalneyaáyRbCaCnfñak´Cati (2004) elIkkMBs´siT§ikñúgkarbnþBUC > vaman
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•
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• Tinñn&ycMbg@mYycMnYn (dUcCaeRb¨vaT,g´eGds_) KWEbgEcktam
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bribTemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_ nigplb¨¼Bal´rbs´ vacMeBa¼ekµg
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•
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Gg:karsuxPaBbnþBUC nigpøÚvePT PñMeBj Extula 2006)
•
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•
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g nigpßBVpßay{üándl´ shKmn_” (sMPasn_ m®nþIkmµviFI Gg:
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•
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kumar1/071ánTTYlkarBüaáleday {sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds¥RbEhl
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rbs´shKmCamYybuK:liksuxaPiál edIm,Ipþl´kar KaMRTelIcMNucmYycMnYndUcCa
karRbkan´x¢ab´nUvkarmkBüaál ¦elbfñaMeGayáneTog Tat´nigbg;ar53 >
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• manesvabg;aremeraKeGds_Edlánpþl´edayrdæaPiál nigGg:karrdæaPiál
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g sMrg´sMdIsMxan´ nigbBaHaepßg@
•
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•
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esvaTaMgena¼eRBa¼BYkeKminmanlkçN£ køahanRKb´RKan´ehIy P&yxøacsg:
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nigpøÚvePT PñMeBj Extula 2006) >
•
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qøgemeraKeGds_edaysarEtPaB RkIRk cMNakRsúkmkTIRkúg edIm,Irkluy
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•
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elIbribTén vb,Fm±nigFatuBitEdlekµg RsIGacP&yxøackñúgkar niyayeday
cMhrGMBIbBaHapøÚvePTCamYyekµgRbús >” (BiPakßaRkúm CamYyekµgRsInig®sþI
v&yekµg PñMeBj ExkBaØa 2006) >
•
esvakmµepßg@ánbeg;IneLIg “buEnþKµanyuT§sa®sþedIm,ICMrujelIkTwkcitþ
ekµgRsInig®sþIv&yekµg edIm,IeRbIRás´va> ehIyGñkpþl´esvasuxPaBnigGñk
Gb´rMshKmxV¼smtSPaBedIm,Ipþl´ B&t±maneGayánRbesIrnigrak´Tak´sMrab´
ekµgRsI>” (kic©smÖasn_naykGg:karsuxPaBbnþBUC_ nig suxPaBpøÚvePT
PñMeBj Extula 2006)>
•
“ekµgRsInig®sþIv&yekµgEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_CYnkalminyl´etIkarbg;arCa
viC¢manKWCaGVI¿¿¿ B&t±manEdleK ánpþl´eGayKWminc,as´las´ehIyeFVIeGay
mnusßmankaryl´RclM >” (BiPakßaRkúmCamYyekµgRsInig ®sþIv&yekµgenA
extþkNþal ExkBaØa 2006)
•
“bursv&yekµgGacedkCamYyédKUedayminTan´erobkar b¨uEnþRbsinebIBYkeK
cg´erobkar KWBYkeK rMBwgfaRbBn§ rbs´eKenARkmuMbrisuT§> edIm,Ikat´bnSy
eRKa¼fñak´nigedIm,IeGayesvabg;aemeraK eGds_kan´EtgayRsÜl ehIy
RbesIrsMrab´ekµgRsInig®sþv&I yekµg bursmantYnaTIkat´bnSyéd KUrYmePTrbs´
xøÜn >” (naykGg:kar suxPaBbnþBUC_nigsuxPaBpøÚvePT PñMeBj Extula
2006)
4»
karbg;arcMnucM TI.4£
lT§PaBTTYlánnUvesvaepßg@
g cMnucKnøw¼sMxan´@
•
enAkñúgkarGnuvtþCak´Esþg man«bsK:CaeRcInTaMgEpñkesdækic© sg:mnigkarGnuvtþ
sMrab´ekµgRsInig ®sþIv&yekµgkñúgkarTTYlánesvaepßg@ rab´bBa©Úl£
• Gakb,kiriyavinicä&yBIRkúmRKÜsar (CaBiess]BukmþaynigCIdUnCIta)/ shKm
nigbuK:lik suxaPiál >
• karvivaTnigkarerIseGIgxøÜnÉgEdlekIteLIgcMeBa¼erOgpøÚvePTnigeGds_ >
• PaBminRKb´RKan´énesvakmµsuxPaB bnþBUCsMrab´yu´vv&y >
• esvaq¶ay
• em¨ageFVIkarEdlminsmRsbnigrg´caMyUr
• “t°éleTVr” s¨°rab´éføesvanigéføeFVIdMeNIr
• tYnaTInigTMenomTMlab´RbéBNInigEy¨nD&r >
PaKeRcInén«bsK:TaMgen¼b¨¼Bal´ dl´ekµgRsInig ®sþIv&yekµgEdlRkIRknig /
¦rs´enACnbTdac´ Rsyal57 >
• esvapþl´RbwkßanigeFVIetsþQamedaysµ&RKcitþrbs´rdæaPiálKW}tbg´luy > b¨uEnþ
mankarRBÜyármµN_ edayyuvv&ymináneRbIRás´esvaTaMgena¼eGayán
TUlMTUlayenAeLIyeT58 >
• eRsamGnam&y Gacrkáneday}tKitluyenAtamKøInIkrdæ nigGg:
kareRkArdæaPiál ¦TijenAtam {ssSan59 >
• fñaMBnüaCIvitGacrkáneday}tKitluyenAtamkEnøgpþl´esvaxø¼> Gg:
kareRkArdæaPiálmYycMnYn ecjéfø eFVIdMeNIr60 >
• mankarRBÜyármµN_EdlKitGMBIKuNPaBesvasuxPaB B&t±manEdlpþl´eGayGñk
pÞúkemeraKeGds_ sþIBIplb¨¼Bal´fñaMBnüaCIvitCYrTIBIr (EdlsMxan´xøaMgNas´sMrab´
®sþI)nigmanPaBsuaMnwgfñaMBnüaCIvit> GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_PaKeRcIn mankarP&y
xøackñúgkarcab´epþImBüaáledayfñaMBnüaCIvitedayeRBa¼ Etkarpþl´B&t±manrbs´
Gñkpþl´esvaminCak´lak´ > sSanPaBTaMgen¼KwlaypßMenAkñúgkrNI®sþIEdl TTYl
ánkarGb´rMticCagburs61 >
• Gñkpþl´esvasuxaPiálTTYlkarbNþú¼bNþalenAkñúgCMnajTMnak´TMngCamYyyuvv&y
edayPaBrak´Tak´ ehIyKYreRbIRás´yuT§sa®sþEdlKµankarkat´esckþI nigrkßa
karsm¶at´y¨agdUcemþcenAeBlkMBugpþl´ esvapþl´Rbwkßa nigeFVIetsþQameday
sµ&RKcitþ> yuT§sa®sþRtÚvánbgHajedIm,IeFVIeGaykarTTYl ánesvakan´EtRbesIr
eLIgehIy®sþIv&yekµgnigekµgRsIk¾GacTTYlesvapgEdr >
g sMrg´sMdIsMxan´ nigbBaHaepßg@
•
“RtÚvkareda¼RsaykarerIseGIgxøÜnÉg nigkarerIseGIgedIm,IBRgwg®sþI nigekµg
RsIeGayTTYl ánesva ebImindUecña¼eTesvamanb¨uEnþminRtÚváneKeRbIRás´
edaysarEtkarerIseGIgxøÜnÉg” (TIPñak´garGnþrCati PñMeBj ExFñÚ 2006)
•
“Gñkbeg;ItkmµviFIKYrEtbeg;ItkmµviFIEdlTak´Taj/ beRgónsþIBIkarbg;aremeraK
eGds_ b¨uEnþtam ry£karRblgsMEdgerOg nigelgelçan >edayGnuvtþtam
yuT§sa®sþTaMgen¼ manGtSRbeyaCn_ BIry¨ag beg;Inkaryl´dwgsþIBIekµgRsI
nig®sþIv&yekµgnigkat´bnSyPaBeGonxµas´rbs´BYkeK >” (RkúmBiPakßaCamYy
ekµgRsInig®sþIv&yekµg extþkNþal ExkBaØa 2006)
•
“ekµgRsInig®sþIv&yekµgEdlRkIRkminmanluyRKb´RKan´edIm,IeFVIdMeNIreTA
kEnøgesva¿¿¿ ehIyBYk eKRtÚvcMNayelIéføesva >” (GñksMrbsMrYlRkúmKaMRT
RkúmGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ PñMeBj ExkBaØa 2006)
•
“BImun RKÚeBTüFøab´eRbIBaküsMdIrYsraymkkan´xJúM > b¨uEnþeRkaymkBYkeKElg
sVaKmn_xJúMbnÞab´ BIdwgfaxJúMmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ >” (RkúmBiPakßaCamYy®sþI
v&yekµgnigekµgRsIextþkNþal ExkBaØa 2006)
•
“RbsinebIekµgRsInig®sþIv&yekµgminTan´erobkar ehIyv&yekµg vamankar
lMákxøaMgNas´sMrab´ BYk eKkñúgkareRbIRás´esvaepßg@ eRBa¼mnusßGac
KitBYkeKkñúgpøÚvGviC¢man eTa¼bICaBYkeK mináneFVIGVIxusk¾eday >” (Rkúm
BiPakßaCamYy®sþIv&yekµgnigekµgRsI extþkNþal ExkBaØa 2006)
•
“enAmNÐlsuxPaBeKmandak´eRsamGnam&yenAtamkEnøgsaFarN£ Edl
ekµgRsInig®sþIv&y ekµgminGacykáneRBa¼BYkeKxøacmaneKeXIj >”
(tMNagTIPñak´garGnþrCati PñMeBj Extula 2006)
•
“RbsinebIekµgRsI¦®sþIv&yekµgRáb´sgßarrbs´BYkeKeGayeRbIeRsamGnam&y
ekµgRbúsnigtv¨a fa nagminesµa¼Rtg´¦minRslaj´BYkeK >” (RkúmBiPakßa
CamYy®sþIv&yekµg nigekµgRsIenATIRkúg PñM eBj ExkBaØa 2006)
•
“kgV¼karrkßakarsMgat´ KWCa«bsK:cMbgmYysMrab´ekµgRsInig®sþIv&yekµg >
Gñkpþl´esvaEfTaM suxPaBTukÉksarrbs´BYkeKenAelItu dUecñ¼GñkEdl
edIrkat´ena¼GacemIleXIjva >” (Gñkpþl´Rbwkßa TIPñak´garGnþrCati PñMeBj
Extula qñaM2006)
•
“RbsinebIekµgRsI¦ekµgRbúsmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ehIyBYkeKcg´TTYlfñaM
BnüaCIvit BYkeKRtÚv eTA TTYlenAkEnøgEdlmnusßFMeTA >” (RkúmBiPakßa
CamYy®sþIv&yekµgnigekµgRsI PñMeBj ExkBaØa 2006)
•
“GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ cg´mkTTYlesvaenAPñMeBjCagenAkñúgshKmrbs´
Kat´ edaysarEt CMnaj nigcMeN¼dwgsþIBIfñaMBnüaCIvitenAmankMrit >”
(RkúmBiPakßaCamYyekµgRsInig®sþIv&yekµg PñMeBj ExkBaØa 2006)
5»
karbg;arcMncu TI.5
karcUlrYmnigsiT§i
(siTmnu
i§ sß.PaBCatMNag.kartsUm� ti.karcUlrYmkñgú kareFVesckþ
I sI eM rccit.>l þ >)
g cMnucKnøw¼sMxan´@
•
RbeTskm<úCaáncu¼htSelxaelIGnusBaØaBIr sþIBIsiT§ikumarnigGnusBaØasþIBIkar
lb´bMát´ral´TMrg´ erIseGIgmkelI®sþIenAkñúgqñaM1992 > km<úCamináncu¼htSelxa
elIGnusBaØa sþIBIkaryl´RBmerob GaBah_BiBah_ GayuTabbMputEdlGacerob
GaBah_BiBah_nigkar cu¼eQµa¼erobGaBah_BiBah_ 63 >
• EpnkaryuT§sa®sþsþIBIeGds_ (2006¥2010) ánbeg;IteLIgedaymankarBieRKa¼
eyabl´Ca mYysg:msuIvil > eKalkarN_ENnaMrab´bBa©ÚlsiT§imnusß karBRgwg
PaB Cam©as´nigkarcUlrYm rbs´shKmn_64 >
• enAkMritfñak´Cati Gg:karnigRksYgCaeRcInáneFVIkarts�UmtiedIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwg
tMrUvkar rbs´ekµg RsInig®sþIv&yekµgsþIBIsuxPaBbnþBUC_nigpøÚvePTnig/¦siT§irbs´
mnusßv&yekµg > eTa¼bICay¨agNa k¾eday CYnkalGacmankgV¼{kasnig/
¦lT§PaBsMrab´ekµgRsInig®sþIv&yekµgedIm,ItMNageGay karRBÜyármµN_rbs´BYk
eK65 >
• tMNagrbs´®sþIenAkñúgrcnasm<&n§sMrbsMrYlCatienAEtminTan´eBjelj enA
kñúgkareFVIesckþIsMerc citþelIeKalneyaáynigkmµviFI> mantMrUvkaredIm,ICMruj
elIkTwkcitþnigBRgwgPaBCam©as´kardl´ ®sþIedIm,IeGayBYkeKmanlT§PaB Gac
cUlrYmGaceBjeljenAkñúgevTikarTaMgen¼66 >
• bNþajGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_/CMgWeGds_km<úCa (CPN=)ánraykarN_faman
smaCik29/064nak´ enAkñúgqñaM2006 EdlCag19/762Ca®sþI> edaysarEt
bc©úb,nñcMnYn®sþIeRcInCag2PaK3én GñkpÞúkTaMgGs´Edláncu¼eQµa¼CasmaCik
rbs´ CPN= > bNþajánebIkcMhreGaysmaCik TaMgGs´Edlcg´cUlrYm
eTa¼bICasmaCikRkúm¦buK:lk¾edayEdlminEmnCaGñkGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nig
CMgWeGds_¦k¾smaKmGñkpÞúk> karcUlrYmCasmaCiken¼GacCYysMru¼sMrYlPaB
xøaMgénkar tMNagrbs´BYkeKenAkMritfñak´Catinigextþ> karpþÜcepþImrbs´CPN=
mankarksagsmtSPaB «TahrN_ beg;InCMnajdl´smaCikenAkñúg kartsU�mti nigPaBCa GñkdwknaM67 >
• EpnkaryuT§sa®sþCatisþIBIemeraKeGds_(2006¥2010) ánbBa¢ak´edaykarBieRKa¼
eyabl´CamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ > tMNagrbs´ CPN=k¾ánGg:úypgEdrkñúg
Rkúmbec©keTsrbs´GaCJa FrCatiRbyuT§nwgCMgWeGds_nigynþkarsMrbsMrYlRbeTs
(rbs´mUlniFiskledIm,IRbqaMgeTAnwg emeraKeGds_ rebgnigRKúncaj´)>
eTa¼bICay¨agNak¾edaymankarRBÜyármµN_etImtieyabl´ rbs´GñkpÞúkemeraKeG
ds_vamanRbeyaCn_nigmantMélkMritNaenAkñúgevTika nigskmµPaBTaMg ena¼68 >
g sMrg´sMdIsMxan´nigbBaHaepßg@
•
“karebþCJarbs´GnþrCatiánGnuvtþenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa b¨uEnþenAmankgV¼karGnuvtþ
c,ab´>knøg mkKµan«bkrN_nigkarRsavRCavedIm,Ipþl´CaPsþútagénkarpøas´
bþÚr > ”(tMNagTIPñak´gar GnþrCati PñMeBj Extula 2006)
•
“enAelIRkdas emIleTAlðxøaMgNas´> b¨uEnþkarGnuvtþkareq<a¼eTArksiT§iCa
mUldæanKYrEtRtÚv áneKGnuvtþ> GaCJaFrCatiRbyuT§nigCMgWeGds_ánTTYls:al´
siT§i®sþInigmUldæanEy¨nD&r b¨uEnþRbsinebI eyIgRkelkemIleGaykan´EtsuICMerA
EpnkarKWminc,as´las´ >” (m®nþIkmµviFI TIPñak´garGnþrCati PñMeBj Extula
2006)
•
“kMritfñak´CatiánCMrujelIkTwkcitþ {üekµgRsInig®sþIv&yekµg « edIm,IcUlrYm
enAkñúgkarbeg;IteKal neyaáy > b¨uEnþsmtSPaBrbs´BYkeKenATab > BYkeK
RKan´EtmkGg:úyes¶ómnigminán beBa©aj mtieyabl´GVI >” (GñksMrbsMrYl
RkúmKaMRTRkúmGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ PñMeBj ExkBaØa 2006)
•
“yuT§sa®sþepßg@KYrEtbeg;ItedIm,IBRgwgsmtSPaBekµgRsInig®sþIv&yekµgeGay
cUlrYmeFVIesckþIsM erccitþenAkñúgkMritshKm Rsúknigextþ > bnÞab´mkral´
KMniteyabl´TaMgena¼KYrEt eFVIkarEckrM Elkkñúgkic©RbCuMrbs´m´®nþIeGds_extþ
nigelxaFikardæaneGds_extþnigfñak´Cati >” (GñksMrb sMrYlRkúmKaMRTRkúmGñk
pÞúkemeraKeGds_ PñMeBj ExkBaØa 2006)
•
“RbsinebIGñkcg´eFVIkarts�UmtielIbBaHaekµgRsInig®sþIv&yekµg dMbUgBYkeKRtÚv
beg;ItRkúm bNþaj ¦shCIB dUecñ¼BYkeKGactMNageGaysMelgrbs´BYkeK
ánkan´EtmanRbsiT§iPaB CageGayGñkepßgeFVIeGayxøÜn> mantMrUvkard¾xøaMgkøa
edIm,I eFVIeGayRbesIreLIgnUvkarsMrb sMrYlenAkñúgRkúm®sþI edIm,Ibeg;IttMNag
bNþajEdlrwgmaM sMelgnigtMrUvkarrbs´BYkeKKYrEt RtÚváneKlW >” (nayk
Gg:karsuxPaBbnþBUC_nigpøÚvePT PñMeBj Extula 2006)
•
“RksYgkic©karnarInigGaCJaFrCatiRbyuT§CMgWeGds_KYrbeg;It eKalkarN_ENnaM
sMrab´karcUl rYmrbs´ekµgRsInig®sþIv&yekµg enAkñúgkareFVIesckþIsMerccitþsþIBI
emeraKeGds_ suxPaBpøÚv ePTnigbnþ BUC_Cati >” (nayk Gg:karsuxPaBbnþ
BUCnigpøÚvePT PñMeBj Extula 2006)
•
“rdæaPiálánTTYls:al´siT§iGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ > eTa¼bICay¨agNak¾eday
karGnuvtþnUv siT§i TaMgena¼enAmankMrit >” (tMNagTIPñak´garGnþrCati PñMeBj
Extula 2006)
•
“eKminpþl´{kaseGayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds¾edIm,IcUlrYm ehIyminksag
smtSPaBrbs´ BYkeK > BYkeKKitfa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_xV¼smtSPaB b¨uEnþxJúM
minKitdUecña¼eT > ehtudUecñ¼ KYrpþl´{kas eGayáneRcIndl´GñkpÞkemeraKeG
ds_edIm,IniyaynigcUlrYm enAkMritfñak´ Catinigextþ bEnSmBI elIen¼bc©úb,nñ
manEtbuK:lEt2¥3nak´b¨ueNÑa¼ >” (m®nþIkmµviFI Gg:karGnþrCati PñMeBj Ex
kBaØa 2006)
•
“KYrmantYnaTIEdlCaKMrUBIfñak´tMbn´ edIm,ICMrujelIkTwkcitþ®sþInigekµgRsIenAkñúg
RbeTskm<úCa dUcCa dMeNIrTsßn£kic©eTAemIl®sþIkøahanepßgeTot enAkñúgtMbn´
Edlánqøgkat´nUv bTBiesaFn_RsedogKña >” (TIPñak´garGnþrCati PñMeBj ExFñÚ
2006)
Éksareyag
iPaKryéncMnYnRbCaCn EdlmanGayucab´BI 15 ¥ 24 EdlGacyl´dwgTaMgkarGan nigsresrxøI@ esckþIRbkasCasamBaØsþIBICIvitRbcaM
éfrbs´BYkeK >
ii GayuEdlmYyénBak´kNþal®sþIv&yekµgGayu 25¥29 EdlánrYmePT (GayumFümGayu) >
iii
PaKryén®sþIEdlánerobkarenAkñúgshCIbEdlmanGayuBI 15¥49 EdlkMBugeRbIRás´¦GñkEdl RtÚvánédKUrkMBugeRbIRás´ ral´TMrg´én
karBnüakMeNIt (kareFVIkuMeGaymankUn)eTa¼CatamEbb TMenIb¦ buraN
iv
®sþIrksuIpøÚvePTCaTUeTAmankargareFVI¦RbPBRák´cMNUlCaCagkargarrksuIpøÚvePT eTa¼bICakargar ena¼GacnaM{ü kic©snüaCamYyGtifiCnk¾
eday («¿ dUcCa RsIkMdrtamhag ¦m¨asßa) > CaTUeTA®sþI rksuI pøÚvePTBuMmankargarepßgeT ehIyGacCa®sþIrksuItamfñl´ rksuItampÞ¼bn
nigGñkcaMpÞ¼) > cugeRkay BYkeKGacBak´Bn§&nigkøayCaPñak´garTMnak´TMng/GñknaMRsI{üeK ¦naMRsIBIsNæaKar ¦Gñk ebIktak´suI >
1 kará¨n´RbmaNEdlRtÚvykcitþTukdak´ BIpl´b¨¼Bal´énmrNPaBEdlhUskMNt´edaysaremeraK eGds_ cMnucen¼GacbNþalmkBIPaB
rs´ranmanCIvitTab GRtamrNPaBrbs´Tark nigkarsøab´x<s´ GRtarIklUtlas´rbs´RbCaCnTab nigmankarpøas´bþÚrenAkñúgkarEbgEck
RbCaCnedayGayu nigePT dUcen¼ ebImindUecñ¼eTvanigmanesckþIsgÄwm > Exkk;da qñaM 2005 kará¨n¨sµan qñaM 2005 esovePA karBit
rbs´BiPBelak (éfTI1 Ex mifuna qñaM 2006) ¥ km<úCa >
2 2006 est¿ CIA/ esovePAkarBitrbs´BiPBelak (éfTI1 Ex mifuna qñaM 2006) ¥ km<úCa >
3 esovePAkarBitrbs´BiPBelak (éfTI1 Ex mifuna qñaM 2006) ¥ km<úCa >
4 2004 est¿ CIA/ esovePAkarBitrbs´BiPBelak ¥ éfTI1 Ex mifuna qñaM 2006 ¥ km<úCa >
5 1995¥2003 ¥ kmµviFIshRbCaCatisMrab´RbCaCn (2005) ráykarN¾GPivDÄn_mnusß 2005£ km<úCa >
6 kará¨n´RbmaNEdlplitedaysSab&nGg:karshRbCaCatiedIm,IGb´rM viTüasa®sþ nigvb,Fm±sMrab´ sSitienAkñúgEx kk;da 2002 > kmµviFI
shRbCaCatisMrab´RbCaCn (2005) ráykarN¾GPivDÄn_ mnusß 2005£ km<úCa >
7 vas´EvglkçN£RbCasa®sþ nigkarsÞabsÞg´suxPaB ráykarN¾cugeRkay qñaM2000 km<úCa ¥ CMBUkTI8 ¥ Other Pro×imate
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
Determinates of Fertility (website)
8 vas´EvglkçN£RbCasa®sþ nigkarsÞabsÞg´suxPaB ráykarN¾cugeRkay qñaM2000 km<úCa ¥ CMBUkTI8 ¥
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
19k 19x 20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Other Pro×imate
45
46
kmµviFIshRbCaCatiRbyuT§nwgCMgWeGds_ ¥ GaCJaFrCatiRbyuT§nwgCMgWeGds_rbs´RbeTskm<úCa mhasnñiátvisaméBaØnGg:karshRbCaCatisþI BIesckþIRbkasénkarebþCJacitþkñúgkarRtÜtBinitü emeraKeGds_ nigCMgeGds_ Exmkra qñaM 2004 ¥ ExFñÚ 2005 >
47
Gg:karsuxPaBBiPBelak ráykarN¾suxPaBBiPBelak qñaM 2004
48
RB¼raCaNacRkkm<úCa lkçN£RbCasa®sþ nigkarsÞabsÞg´suxPaB 2005 ráykarN¾dMbUg
esovePAkarBitrbs´BiPBelak (éfTI1 Ex mifuna qñaM 2006) ¥ km<úCa >
49
RB¼raCaNacRkkm<úCa viTüasSansSitiCati nig ORC Marco/ USA lAkçN£RbCasa®sþ nigkar sÞabsÞg´suxPaB 2000 ráykarN¾
dMbUg
CIA/ esovePAkarBitrbs´BiPBelak ¥ éfTI1 Ex mifuna qñaM 2006 ¥ km<úCa >
CIA/ esovePAkarBitrbs´BiPBelak ¥ éfTI1 Ex mifuna qñaM 2006 ¥ km<úCa >
CIA/ esovePAkarBitrbs´BiPBelak ¥ éfTI1 Ex mifuna qñaM 2006 ¥ km<úCa >
50
RksYgsuxaPiál mCÄmNÐlCatiRbyuT§nwgCMgWeGds_ esIEs,k nigkameraK HIV Sentinel Surveillance in Cambodia/ 2003
kmµviFIshRbCaCatiRbyuT§nwgCMgWeGds_ ¥ GaCJaFrCatiRbyuT§nwgCMgWeGds_rbs´RbeTskm<úCa mhasnñiátvisaméBaØnGg:karshRbCaCatisþI
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