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ฎࡁ࡞࠼⺆ߩ‫ޡ‬ฎࠛ࠶࠳‫ߩޢ‬㨬ࠪࠣ࡞࠭ߩ᱌㨭㧔 ਎♿㧕߿‫ޢࠟࠨࠟࡦࠬ࡞ࠚࡧޡ‬
㧔 ᐕ߆ࠄ ᐕ㗃ߦᚑ┙ߒ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ㗃ߦࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼ߢ╩౮ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧕
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ߪ‫ޔ‬
਎♿߆ࠄ ਎♿ߦ߆ߌߡࡁ࡞࠙ࠚ࡯ߣࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼ߢᒻᚑߐࠇߚવᛚ߇ 㗃ߦ &RGH[ 5HJLXV
‫ߩ₺ޡ‬౮ᧄ‫ߡߒߣޢ‬౮ᧄൻߐࠇߚ߽ߩ‫ߦߎߎޕ‬෼߼ࠄࠇߚ᱌⻦ ✬ߪ‫ޔ‬ฎઍࠥ࡞ࡑࡦߩ␹⹤߿⧷
㓶વᛚࠍવ߃ࠆ‫⼱ޕ‬ญᐘ↵⸶‫̆࠳࠶ࠛޡ‬ฎઍർ᰷᱌⻦㓸‫ޢ‬
㧔ᣂầ␠ 㧕‫ޕ‬ห⪺‫ࠟࠨߣ࠳࠶ࠛޡ‬㧦
ർ᰷ฎౖ߳ߩ᩺ౝ‫ޢ‬
㧔ᣂầ␠ 㧕‫ޕ‬
਎♿߆ࠄ ਎♿㗃ߦᚑ┙ߒߚ‫ޡ‬ฎࠛ࠶࠳‫ߩޢ‬㨬ࠕ࠻࡝ߩ᱌㨭ߥߤߦᱷࠆ‫ߓߔࠄ޽ޕ‬㧦ࡈࡦߩ₺ࠕ
࠶࠹ࠖ࡜ߪ‫ޔ‬ᆄࠣ࡯࠼࡞࡯ࡦߩఱᒉ‫ࠣࡦ࡞ࡉ࠾ޔ‬ᣖߩࠣࡦ࠽࡞ߣᒉࡋࠣ࠾߇ᚲ᦭ߔࠆቲࠍ᰼ᦸߒ‫ޔ‬
㙺ኃࠍ௅ߒߡᅓ߅߁ߣߔࠆ‫ߪࠄ࠾ࠣࡋޕ‬ᆂߩ⼊๔ࠍℂ⸃ߒࠣࡦ࠽࡞ߦ಴┙ࠍ⺾߼ࠆ߇‫ߪ₺ޔ‬ᢓ߃
ߡᱫ࿾ߦะ߆߁‫ߩࡦࡈޕ‬࿖ߢࠣࡦ࠽࡞ߪ❈ࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇ‫ߦ࡝࠻ࠕޔ‬㨬㤛㊄ߢ๮ࠍ޽߇ߥ߁ߟ߽ࠅߪߥ
޿߆㨭ߣ㤛㊄ࠍⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆ‫ߪ࡞࠽ࡦࠣޕ‬ᒉߩ↢߈ߡ޿ࠆ㑆ߪ⸒߃ߥ޿‫ߣޔ‬㓝ߒᚲߩ๔⊕ࠍᜎุ‫ߘޕ‬
ߒߡᒉߩᔃ⤳ࠍⷐ᳞ߔࠆ‫ߩ࠾ࠣࡋޕ‬ᔃ⤳ࠍ⷗ߖࠄࠇߚᤨࠣࡦ࠽࡞ߪ⸒߁‫ޕ‬㨬ࠊߒࠄੑੱ߇↢߈ߡ޿
ࠆ㑆⇼ᔨ߇෰ࠆߎߣߪߥ߆ߞߚ߇‫߈↢߇ߌߛߒࠊޔ‬ᱷߞߚ੹‫߽ࠇߘޔ‬᥍ࠇߚ‫ࡦࠗ࡜ޕ‬ᴡࠃ‫ߩ␹ޔ‬
ᧃⵧߚࠆ࠾ࡉ࡞ࡦࠣᣖߩㆮቲ‫ޔ‬੎޿ߩ߽ߣߥࠆ㤛㊄ࠍ߅ߐ߼ࠃ‫⇣ޕ‬࿖ߩቲⅣߪࡈࡦᣖߩ౏㆐ߩᚻ
ߦノߊࠃࠅߪ‫ޔ‬ᵹࠇ߿߹ߧᴡߩᐩߦノߊᣇ߇⦟߆ࠈ߁ߙ‫ޕ‬㧔 ▵㧕㨭 Ⱜ‗ߦᛩߍㄟ߹ࠇߚࠣࡦ࠽࡞
ߪ‫┱ޔ‬ℙࠍ߆߈㡆ࠄߒߥ߇ࠄᱫߧ‫ޕ‬ఱᒉߩߚ߼ߩᓳ⼦ࠍ࿑ࠆࠣ࡯࠼࡞࡯ࡦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄦߦੑੱߩᕷሶߩ
⡺ࠍனߞߡ㘩ߴߐߖ‫ࡦࡈޔ‬ᣖߪ₺ሶߩᱫߦ⁅ੂߦ㒱ࠆ‫ߪࡦ࡯࡞࠼࡯ࠣޕ‬㈬ߦᱜ᳇ࠍᄬߞߚᄦࠍ⥁
ᚲߢೝߒᲕߒ‫ޔ‬ቲᐶࠍ㐿߈ችᲚߦἫࠍ᡼ߟ‫ޕ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬a 㗁‫ޕ‬
ੑߟߩવ⺑߇޿ߟ㗃ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⚿วߒߚ߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߪ‫ ޔ‬਎♿߆ࠄ㐳ߊ㊀ⷐߥ⎇ⓥ⺖
㗴ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޔ߇ߛޕ‬
‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡ‬᱌‫ࠅࠃޢ‬ฎ޿ᤨᦼߦવᛚࠍ╩౮ߒߚ૞ຠߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬
♖ኒߢ⏕߆ߥᖱႎߪ㕖Ᏹߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬໧㗴ߪᧂߛ⸃᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬
‫ޡ‬ฎ
ࠛ࠶࠳‫߿ޢ‬หᤨᦼߩᢔᢥߩ‫ߩߤߥޢࠟࠨࠟࡦࠬ࡞ࠜࡧޡ‬૞ຠ߆ࠄ ਎♿એ೨ߩવᛚ⁁ᴫߦ
ߟ޿ߡᄙዋផ᷹ߔࠆߎߣߪ಴᧪ࠆ㧔ߚߛ‫╩߇ࠄࠇߎޔ‬౮ߐࠇߚߩߪ‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡ‬᱌‫ޢ‬
ࠃࠅᣂߒߊ‫ ޔ‬਎♿ᓟඨએ㒠ߢ޽ࠆ㧕
‫ޕ‬
‫ޡ‬ฎࠛ࠶࠳‫ߩ࠭࡞ࠣࠪޡߩޢ‬᱌࡮ᢿ ‫ޔߪࠄ߆ޢ‬
ߔߢߦ ਎♿ߦੑߟߩવ⺑߇⚿߮ߟߌࠄࠇߡ޿ߚน⢻ᕈ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࡜ࠗࡦᎹߩධߢࠪࠣ࡞࠭ߪᲕኂߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬᮸ߩ਄ߩ㡏߇ჿ㜞ߊตࠎߛ‫ޔ‬
‫ߥ޽߇࡝࠻ࠕޟ‬
ߚᣇߩ಺ࠍ⿒ߊᨴ߼ࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬னࠅߩ⹿޿߇ᚢߦߪ߿ࠆ⠪ࠍṌ߷ߔߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬
‫ޠ‬
ߥߗ‫ߩ࠭࡞ࠣࠪ߇࡝࠻ࠕޔ‬ᓳ⼦ߩᜂ޿ᚻߣߥࠅ߁ࠆߩ߆‫ޡߪ✲⚻ߩ╭޿ߒ⹦ߩߘޕ‬ฎ
ࠛ࠶࠳‫ߩޢ‬ਛߦߪోߊ⻦ࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬
ᤨઍࠍਅߞߚ‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡ‬᱌‫ߩޢ‬ᚑ┙ᦼ‫ ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬਎♿ߩੑߟߩવᛚߩ⚿วߩ
⁁ᴫߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬หߓߊࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼ߢ╩౮ߐࠇߚ‫ߟ৻߁߽߇ޢࠟࠨࠬࠢ࡟࠼࡯ࠖ࠹ޡ‬
ߩ଀ࠍવ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߪࠇߎޕ‬਎♿ߦᄢ㒽㧔ਥߦ࠱࡯ࠬ࠻ߥߤૐ࿾࠼ࠗ࠷޽ࠆ޿ߪ࡜ࠗࡦ࿾
ᣇ㧕߆ࠄࠬࠞࡦࠫ࠽ࡆࠕඨፉߦᷰߞߚࡂࡦࠩ໡ੱߦࠃߞߡવᛚ߇ᐢ߼ࠄࠇ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ㗃ߦ
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࡞࠭ߩ⍴޿᱌㨭߿㨬ࠣ࠭࡞࡯ࡦߩ᱌㨭ߣหߓߊࡉ࡝ࡘࡦࡅ࡞࠻ߪࠕ࠻࡝ߩᆂߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
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‫ޡ‬ฎࠛ࠶࠳‫ޢ‬ਛߩ૞ຠߢߪࡉ࡝ࡘࡦࡅ࡞࠼ߩఱߣ߽ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࡂࡦࠩ໡ੱߦࠃߞߡࡁ࡞࠙ࠚ࡯߳વ߃ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ᄢ㒽ߣߩ㑐ଥᒝൻࠍ࿑ࠆࡎ࡯ࠦࡦ ਎㧔a㧕
ߩᤨઍ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ㗃ߦ╩౮ߐࠇߚ‫⊛⹤␹ߥ߁ࠃߚߞ޽ߦ࠳࠶ࠛޕ‬஥㕙ߪߥ޿‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡޕ‬
᱌‫ߪߣޢ‬㕖Ᏹߦ⚦߆޿ឬ౮ߢߩ৻⥌߽⷗ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ㒽ߩવᛚߩනߥࠆᒁ߈౮ߒߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬
ࡁ࡞࠙ࠚ࡯ߩ࿾ߩ⹞ੱߦࠃߞߡ⁛⥄ߩഃ૞߇ട߃ࠄࠇߚߛࠈ߁ߣߔࠆℂ⸃߇᦭ജߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬+HLQ]OH
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Υ㨯Φ‫⊕⋡ޔ‬ᄢቇੱᢥቇㇱ♿ⷐ ⸒⺆ᢥൻ▻ ‫ޕ‬
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╩౮ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡ‬᱌‫ߣޢ‬Ყセߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬૞ຠߩᓟඨߩቲߦ߆߆ࠊࠆࠛࡇ࠰࡯࠼ߦ㑐ߒߡ
⋧㆑ὐ߇޽ࠆ‫߇࡞ࠚ࠷࠶ࠛޕ‬㤛㊄᰼ߣή✼ߢ޽ߞߚߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬
‫ࠕߩޢࠟࠨࠬࠢ࡟࠼࡯ࠖ࠹ޡ‬
࠶࠹ࠖ࡜ߪ㧔
‫ߩ࡝࠻ࠕޡ‬᱌‫ߣ࡝࠻ࠕߩޢ‬ห᭽㧕ᒝ޿㤛㊄᰼ࠍᜬߜ‫ޔ‬ᒰೋߪᆄߦഠࠄߕᆄߩఱ
ᒉ߇᦭ߔࠆቲࠍ᰼ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ߩߎޔߛߚޕ‬㤛㊄᰼ߩࡕ࠴࡯ࡈߪㅜਛߢᶖߒ෰ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ᓐߪࠣࡦ
࠽࡞ࠄߣߩ෹ᅢ㑐ଥࠍᦸ߻₺ߣߥࠆ‫ᦨߡߒߘޕ‬ᓟߦߪᗌ഍ࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߒߚᆄࠍ㕖㔍ߒᲕߐ
ߖࠆ‫ޔ߽ߡ޿߅ߦ࠻࡞ࡅࡓ࡯࡝ࠣߚ߹ޕ‬㤛㊄᰼ߩࡕ࠴࡯ࡈߪㅜਛߢ⴫߆ࠄᆫࠍᶖߒ‫ޔ‬ቲߩ
ⷐ᳞ߪ㧔
‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡ‬᱌‫ࠅߥ⇣ߪߣޢ‬㧕ੑᐲ➅ࠅ㄰ߐࠇࠆ੐ߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᚢ޿ߩᦨೋߩ႐
㕙ߦ৻ᐲ⊓႐ߔࠆߛߌߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬વ⛔⊛ߥ㤛㊄᰼ߩࡕ࠴࡯ࡈߪ‫߅ߦޢࠟࠨࠬࠢ࡟࠼࡯ࠖ࠹ޡ‬
޿ߡ߽߹ߛ৻⽾ߒߚ⺰ℂࠍᜬߟ╭ߩਛߦ⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ቲߩⷐ᳞႐㕙ߦߪੑߟߩવ
ᛚߩ⛮߉⋡ࠍⷰኤߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆ‫ޕ‬
૞ຠߩ೨ඨㇱಽߩੑ⚵ߩ⚿ᇕ㧔ࠪ࡯ࡈ࡝࠻㧙ࠢ࡝ࠛࡓࡅ࡞࠻ߣ‫࡞࠹ࡦࠣޔ‬㧙ࡊ࡝ࡘࡦࡅ
࡞࠻㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬㊀ⷐߥ⋧㆑ὐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡ‬᱌‫ߪ࠻࡞ࡅࡦࡘ࡝ࡊޔߪߢޢ‬
᳞ᇕ⠪ࠣࡦ࠹࡞ߦኻߒߡਃߟߩ⹜วߢᓐᅚߦൎߚߥߌࠇ߫๮ߪขࠆߣ޿߁⹜✵ࠍ⺖ߔ‫ߘޕ‬
ߒߡ౨㒾ࠍታ㓙ߦⴕ߁ߩߪ㓝ࠇ⬉ߦࠃߞߡᆫࠍ㓝ߒߚࠪ࡯ࡈ࡝࠻ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᓐߪߎߩᄺ઀ߦ
ࠃߞߡࠢ࡝ࠛࡓࡅ࡞࠻ߣߩ⚿ᇕߩ⸵นࠍࠣࡦ࠹࡞߆ࠄᓧࠆߩߛ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻߒ‫ޔ‬
‫࡟࠼࡯ࠖ࠹ޡ‬
ࠢࠬࠨࠟ‫ߪߢޢ‬ੑߟߩ᳞ᇕߪ✭߿߆ߥ㑐ଥߢߚߛਗ⟎ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬᳞ᇕߩ⹜✵ߪߥ޿‫ࠫޕ‬
ࠣ࡞࠻ߣࠣࡦ࠹࡞ߩ㑆ߩෂ㒾ࠍߪࠄࠎߛ౒ሽ㑐ଥߩឬ౮ߪ‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡ‬᱌‫߽ࠅࠃޢ‬
⚛ᧉߢන⚐ߥ߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
਎♿એ㒠ߩߎࠇࠄੑ૞ຠߦ߅޿ߡ‫⋡߇⺆‛ߩ࠻࡝ࡈ࡯ࠪޔ‬ᜰߔߩߪࠢ࡝ࠛࡓࡅ࡞࠻ߣ
ߩ⚿ᇕߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪࠇߘ߇ߛޕ‬વᛚߩᣂߒ޿ᒻߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฎ޿વᛚᲑ㓏ߢߪࠪ࡯ࡈ࡝࠻ߣࡊ࡝ࡘ
ࡦࡅ࡞࠻ߩ㑐ࠊࠅ߇߻ߒࠈ‛⺆ߩਛᔃ⊛ߥࠛࡇ࠰࡯࠼ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬૞ຠߩᨒࠍߥߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬
‫ޡ‬ฎ
ࠛ࠶࠳‫߷߶ߣޢ‬หᤨᦼߩવᛚࠍવ߃ࠆ‫࠻࡞ࡅࡦࡘ࡝ࡉޔ߫ࠇࠃߦޢࠟࠨࠟࡦࠬ࡞ࠜࡧޡ‬
ߪ⚿ᇕࠍ⹿ߞߚࠪࠣ࡞࠭ߦⵣಾࠄࠇߚ੐߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᓐߦήታߩ⟋ࠍ⌕ߖߡᄦߦᲕߐߖ‫߽ࠄ⥄ޔ‬
߹ߚ⥄ኂߒߡᨐߡࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓟઍߩવᛚߢߪߎߩࡉ࡝ࡘࡦࡅ࡞࠻ߩᗲߣᓳ⼦ߦઍࠊߞߡ‫ࠛ࡝ࠢޔ‬
ࡓࡅ࡞࠻ߩࠪ࡯ࡈ࡝࠻߳ߩᗲߣᓳ⼦ߦࠬࡐ࠶࠻࡜ࠗ࠻߇ᒰߚࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߛ‫ޕ‬
․ߦ
‫࠾ޡ‬
࡯ࡌ࡞ࡦࠥࡦߩ᱌‫ᦨޔߪޢ‬ೋߩ᱌┨ߦ߅޿ߡਸᅚࠢ࡝ࠛࡓࡅ࡞࠻ߩ↢޿┙ߜߣᓐᅚ߇⷗ߚ
㣔ߩᄞ߇⺆ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟߩ╭ࠍ⷗ߡ߽ᓐᅚߩ⚿ᇕߣᗲ߇૞ຠߩゲߢ޽ࠆ੐ߪ᣿ࠄ߆
ߛ‫ߩ࠼ࡦࠧ࡞ࡉޕ‬ᴚ⪭વ⺑ߣ⚿วߔࠆߦ㓙ߒߡ‫ߩ⺆‛ߩ࠻࡞ࡅࡓࠛ࡝ࠢߣ࠻࡝ࡈ࡯ࠪޔ‬ឬ
‫⚿ߩ࡞࠹ࡦ߽ࠣ࠭࡞ࠣࠫߩޢࠟࠨࠬࠢ࡟࠼࡯ࠖ࠹ޡ‬ᇕߦᦨᓟߩ႐㕙ߢߪዧജߔࠆ‫ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ೋᄛ
ߦࡊ࡝ࡘࡦࡅ࡞࠻ߦ❈ࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚࠣࡦ࠹࡞ߦ㗬߹ࠇߡ‫ߩ࠻࡞ࡅࡦࡘ࡝ࡊޔ‬ಣᅚࠍᅓ޿‫ޔ‬
ߘߩᕋജࠍᷫߗߐߖߚ‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡޔ߅ߥޕ‬᱌‫ߪ࠻࡝ࡈ࡯ࠪߩޢ‬ᓐᅚࠍࠣࡦ࠹࡞ߦಣᅚߩ߹
߹ᒁ߈ᷰߔ‫ޕ‬
‫ޡ‬ฎࠛ࠶࠳‫ߣޢ‬หᤨᦼߩ ਎♿એ೨ߩવᛚࠍવ߃ࠆᢔᢥ૞ຠ㧔╩౮ߐࠇߚߩߪ ᐕ㗃㧕‫⼱ޕ‬
ญᐘ↵⸶ ‫ޢࠟࠨ࡮࠼ࡦ࡜ࠬࠗࠕޡ‬
㧔ᣂầ␠‫ޔ‬㧕㧧⩲ේ㇌ၔ⸶ ‫ࡦࡑ࡞ࠥޡ‬ർ᰷ߩ⧷㓶વ⺑̆ࡧ
ࠜ࡞ࠬࡦࠟ࡮ࠨࠟ‫ޢ‬
㧔᧲ᶏᄢቇ಴ ળ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ㧕‫ޕ‬
౮ߪ᜛ᄢߐࠇ‫߇ࠇߎޔ‬૞ຠో૕ߩᨒߣߥߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡ‬᱌‫ࠍޢ‬વ߃ࠆ౮ᧄߩᢙ㧔⃻࿷‫ߩ ޔ‬ቢో౮ᧄ‫ߩ ޔ‬ᢿ ߇⷗ߟ߆ߞ
ߡ޿ࠆ㧕ࠍหᤨઍߩᄢⷙᮨߥችᑨ‛⺆ߣᲧߴࠆߣ‫࠶ࠛ࡮ࡦࠜࡈ࡮ࡓ࡜ࡈ࡞ࠜࡧߪࠇߘޔ‬
ࠪࠚࡦࡃ࠶ࡂߩ‫ޢ࡞ࠔࡧ࠴࡞ࡄޡ‬
㧔 ቢో౮ᧄ‫ ޔ‬ㄭ޿ᢿ ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߩශ೚ᧄ ߟ㧕ߣ
‫ޢࡓ࡞ࡂ࡟ࠖࡧޡ‬
㧔 ೨ᓟߩቢో౮ᧄ‫ ޔ‬ᢿ ‫ ޔ‬ᛮ☴㧕ߦߎߘഠࠆ߽ߩߩ‫࡞ࡂ߫߃଀ޔ‬
࠻ࡑࡦ࡮ࡈࠜࡦ࡮ࠕ࠙ࠛߩ‫ޢࡦࠗࠚ࠙࡯ࠗޡ‬
㧔 ቢో౮ᧄ‫ ޔ‬ᢿ 㧕 ߿ࠧ࠶࠻ࡈ࡝࡯࠻࡮
ࡈࠜࡦ࡮ࠪࡘ࠻࡜࡯ࠬࡉ࡞ࠢߩ‫ޢࡦ࠲ࠬ࡝࠻ޡ‬
㧔 ቢో౮ᧄ‫ ޔ‬ᢿ 㧕ߣ߶߷ห╬ߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ᢥቇ߇ೋ߼ߡᄢ߈ߥታࠅࠍ⚿߱ߎߣߣߥߞߚߎߩᤨઍ‫ޔ‬
‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡ‬᱌‫ޢ‬
ߪᦨᄢ⚖ߩ෻㗀ࠍᓧߡ޿ߚߣ⸒ߞߡࠃ޿ߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬
ߚߛ‫ޔ‬㨪 ਎♿ߦ╩౮ߐࠇߚ޽ࠆ৻ߟߩᒻࠍએߡ‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡ‬᱌‫ߪޢ‬ቢᚑߒ‫ޔ‬
ᄌᚑࠍ⚳߃ߚߩߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ࠅ⺆ޕ‬ᚻߩⵙ㊂ߣ⺆ࠅߩ႐ߩ㔓࿐᳇ߦᆔߨࠄࠇߡ޿ߚญᛚ⹞
߆ࠄ‫ᦠޔ‬౮ߐࠇ࿕ቯߐࠇߚ૞ຠ߳ߣᢥ⧓ߩᒻᘒ߇ផ⒖ߒߡ޿ߊߎߩᤨઍ‫‛ੱ߿╭ߩ⺆‛ޔ‬
ߩ⸒േߦߪ෻ᓳᬌ⸽ߦ⠴߃߁ࠆ৻⽾ߒߚ⺰ℂ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᓟㅀߔࠆㅢ
ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣢߦ ਎♿೨ඨߩ౮ᧄ & ౮ᧄߦߪ‫ߚߒ⽾৻ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᗧ࿑ߦᴪߞߚᡷᄌ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫⺰ޕ‬
ℂ⊛ᢛวᕈࠍᢥቇ૞ຠߦ᳞߼ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆߎߩᣂߒ޿ᗵᕈߩ⋡߆ࠄ‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡ‬᱌‫ޢ‬
ߩᦨೋߩᒻ㧔౮ᧄ % ࡧࠔ࡯࡚ࠫࡦ㧕ࠍ⷗ߚᤨ‫ޔ‬ੑߟߩવᛚߪᧂߛᢛว⊛ߦⲢวߐࠇߡ߅ࠄ
ߕ‫⸃ޔ‬᳿ߔߴ߈໧㗴߿ၒ߼ࠆߴ߈ⓨ⊕߇޽ߞߚߩߛ‫ ޔߚ߹ޕ‬਎♿ߩ౮ᧄ P ߿ ਎♿ߩ
ශ೚ᧄ
‫ޡ‬ਇᱫりߩࠩࠗࡈ࡝࡯࠻‫ޢ‬
ߦߪ ਎♿ߩ߽ߩߣߪ߆ߥࠅ⇣ߥࠆ╭ߩዷ㐿߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᢙ਎♿ߦࠊߚࠆᔓළߩᓟ‫ ޔ‬਎♿ᓟඨߦౣ⊒⷗ߐࠇࠆߣ‫ޔ‬
‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡ‬᱌‫࠶ࡋߪޢ‬
ࡌ࡞߿ࡢ࡯ࠣ࠽࡯ࠄߦࠗࡦࠬࡇ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍਈ߃‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿૞ຠ߇↢ߺ಴ߐࠇߡ޿ߊ㧔 ਎
♿╙ ྾ඨ਎♿㧕
‫ߥߺߪࠄࠇߘޕ‬વ⛔⊛ߥ⚛᧚ࠍ↪޿ߡߪ޿ࠆ߇‫߽╭ޔ‬᭴ᗐ߽ᣂߒ޿⁛⥄ߩ
ഃ૞ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡ‬᱌‫᧚⚛ޔߪޢ‬㑆ߦ޽ࠆജേᕈߩߚ߼ߦᄌᚑࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߒ‫ޔ‬ᣂ
ߚߥഃ૞ࠍ↢ࠎߢ޿ߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᇾขࠅ
ᇾขࠅ‛⺆ߣ
‛⺆ߣ‫ߩࡦࠥࡦ࡞ࡌ࡯࠾ޡ‬
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ὼߦขߞߡઍࠊࠄࠇࠆ੐ߪᄢ߈ߥ⻘ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬໧㗴ߪค੐⹞ߩᚑࠅ┙ߜߦᩮߑߔ߽ߩߢ
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ߎߩᤨઍߩᢥ⧓૞ຠߪ‫⧷߽ߢ⺆‛ࠬ࡯࠘࠻࡞ࠕޔ‬㓶⹞ߢ߽‫ޔ‬ቯဳߩ᭴ㅧࡕ࠺࡞ߦᴪߞߡ
⺆ࠄࠇࠆ੐߇߶ߣࠎߤߛߞߚ‫ߩ࡞࠽ࠫ࡝ࠝࠄ߆ࡠ࠯ߪੱ⹞ߡߒߘޕ‬ഃ૞ࠍⴕ߁ߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ
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߽ߩߛߞߚߩߛ‫ޕ‬
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‫࠾ޡ‬
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᰼ᦸߒߡ㙺ኃࠍ௅ߔߣ᱂޿ߡ⟵ⷫᣖࠍ᜗ᓙߒ‫ޔ‬Ვᚧߔࠆ੐߇ឬ߆ࠇࠆ‫⇣ߥ߁ࠃߩߎ߅ߥޕ‬
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ߎߩ⒳ߩ‛⺆ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬:DOWHU+DXJ ߪ‫ޔ‬ᇾࠍ੺ߒߚੑᣖ㑆ߩ┙႐߇ㅒォߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦ
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ᐕ ਛ㊁▵ሶ⸶‫ ࡦࠝࠡࡁࡆࡑޡ‬ਛ਎࠙ࠚ࡯࡞࠭ᐛᗐ‛⺆㓸‫ޢ‬-8/$ ಴ ዪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ
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ߩᇾขࠅ‛⺆㧔ࠪ࡯ࡈ࡝࠻ߩࠢ࡝ࠛࡓࡅ࡞࠻ߦኻߔࠆ᳞ᇕ࡮ࠣࡦ࠹࡞ߩࡊ࡝ࡘࡦࡅ࡞࠻ߦ
ኻߔࠆ᳞ᇕ㧕߇⟎߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬නりߢࡧࠜ࡞ࡓࠬችᑨߦਸ਼ࠅㄟࠎߢ᳞ᇕߔࠆࠪ࡯ࡈ࡝࠻ߦ
ኻߒ‫⼔଻ߩ࠻࡞ࡅࡓࠛ࡝ࠢߪ࡞࠹ࡦࠣޔ‬⠪ߣߒߡ⚿ᇕߩนุࠍីߞߡ޿ࠆ⥄ಽߩ┙႐ࠍ೑
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ߥഥߌᚻࠍ↪޿ࠆ᳞ᇕߪ‫ޔ‬
޿ࠊࠁࠆ㨬ᇾขࠅ‛⺆㨭߇ᓥ߁ߴ߈ᴺೣ㨬ᦨ߽ᒝ޿↵߇ᦨ߽⟤ߒ޿
ᅚࠍᆄߣߔࠆ㨭ࠍ౨ߔ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߪ࠻࡝ࡈ࡯ࠪߣ࡞࠹ࡦࠣޕ‬ᴺೣߣ⃻ታ㧔ᦨᒝߩ↵ߪታ
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࡝࠻߇ห೉ߩ₺ߣߒߡᝄࠆ⥰ߞߡ޿ࠆ੐ߦ⇼޿ࠍᛴ߈‫ޔ‬ੑ⚵ߩ⚿ᇕߦߪ፣უߩళߒ߇⃻ࠇ
ࠆ‫߇ߛޕ‬ᓐᅚߪౣ߮᱂߆ࠇߡችᑨߩ␸௾ߩ૕ⵙߪ଻ߚࠇ‫ࠍ࠻࡞ࡅࡓࠛ࡝ࠢߪ࠻࡝ࡈ࡯ࠪޔ‬
઻ߞߡࡀ࡯࠺࡞࡜ࡦ࠻ߦᏫ࿖ߔࠆ‫ߡߒ߁ߎޕ‬ੑߟߩ᳞ᇕ‛⺆ߪ౒ߦᚑഞߒ‫⷗৻ޔ‬ᐔⓏߥ⚳
⚿ࠍ⷗ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᦨ㜞ߩ₺ሶࠪ࡯ࡈ࡝࠻ߣᦨ㜞ߩ₺ᅚࠢ࡝ࠛࡓࡅ࡞࠻ߩ⚫੺߆ࠄᆎ߹ߞߚค੐⹞ߪ‫ߎߎޔ‬
ߢੑੱߩ⚿ᇕߣ❥ᩕߩคㅀߢᱜ⛔ߥ㨬ᇾขࠅ‛⺆㨭ߣߒߡ᐀ࠍ㐽ߓߚ߆ߦ⷗߃ࠆ‫ࠣߡߒߘޕ‬
ࡦ࠹࡞ߩ㨬ഥߌᚻߦࠃࠆᇾขࠅ‛⺆㨭ߪ፣უߩෂᯏࠍౝ൮ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߛ߇‫ޔ‬ችᑨ⊛ߥ⪇߿߆
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↢߻߭ߕߺߪߎߩ⍍㑆ߪ῜⊒ࠍ఺ࠇߡ߽‫ޔ‬᭴ㅧ਄ߪᧂߛోߊ⸃᳿ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫⌀ޕ‬ታߣ⷗
߆ߌߩਇ৻⥌ߦࠃࠆᖤ഍ߣ޿߁㨬ഥߌᚻߦࠃࠆᇾขࠅ‛⺆㨭ߩ࠹࡯ࡑߪ‫ߩ࠻࡞ࡅࡦࡘ࡝ࡊޔ‬
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᳞ᇕߩഥߌᚻ㧔:HUEXQJVKHOIHU㧕߇⊓႐ߔࠆߩߪ㨬ᇾขࠅ‛⺆㨭ߩ߽߁৻ߟߩࡧࠔ࡝ࠛ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߢ
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ဳߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᇾขࠅ‛⺆ߩ㨬ᦨᒝߩ↵ߣᦨ߽⟤ߒ޿ᅚ㨭ߣ޿߁ᴺೣࠍ⎕ࠅߥ߇ࠄ߽᳞ᇕࠍᚑ┙ߐߖߡߒ
߹߁ὐߦ߭ߕߺ߇↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ‫⌀ޕ‬ታߣ⷗߆ߌߩਇ৻⥌ߣ޿߁ᖤ഍߇⴫⃻ߐࠇࠆဳߛߣ⸒߃ࠆߛࠈ
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ߕ῜⊒߇࿁ㆱߐࠇቮษࠅߦߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㨬ഥߌᚻߦࠃࠆᇾขࠅ‛⺆㨭ߩᖤ഍ߩ⧘ߪ‫ߢߎߎޔ‬ᮭ
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⚿ᇕߩ⛮⛯‫ߩߎߡߒߘޔ‬ੑੱࠍ₺ߣᚬߊࡉ࡞ࠧࡦ࠼ߩ቟ካߩߚ߼ߦߪ‫ᦨޔ‬ᒝߩ↵ࠪ࡯ࡈ࡝
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ਥੱ౏ߣߔࠆ㨬ᇾขࠅ‛⺆㨭ߪ‫ޔ‬ԙࠣࡦ࠹࡞ࠍਥੱ౏ߣߔࠆ㨬ഥߌᚻߦࠃࠆᇾขࠅ‛⺆㨭ࠍౝ
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࡞㧔ࠣࡦ࠹࡞㧕߆ࠄࡂࠥࡀ߳ߣ⒖േߒ‫ޔ‬ਔ⠪ߩᓎ࿁ࠅߪ੤឵ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߢߎߎߪࡀࠥࡂޕ‬
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߹ߚࡂࠥࡀߣ₺ఱᒉߣߩ⚿วߪ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᒝ࿕ߥ߽ߩߣߥࠆ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬౮ᧄ % ߩࡂࠥࡀߪࠣࡦ࠹
࡞߇ᧂߛᔃࠍ᳿߼ࠄࠇߧ߁ߜߦ⸘↹ࠍផߒㅴ߼ߡࠪ࡯ࡈ࡝࠻Ვኂࠍⴕ߁߇‫ޔ‬౮ᧄ & ߢߪߘ
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␜ߐࠇ‫&ޔ‬㧔ㅊട⹞▵㧕ߢߪ % ߢߪᲕኂߦోߊ㑐ਈߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚࠡ࡯࠯࡞ࡋ࡞ߣࠥ࡯
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ߚߛࡂࠥࡀߪߎ߁ߒߚ₺ఱᒉߣߩ⺞๺ߩౝߦ⇐߹ࠆੱ‛ߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬౮ᧄ & ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਇታ
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ߦߘࠇߪᓐ⥄り߽‫߽⺕ߩઁߚ߹ޔ‬ᚻߦ౉ࠇࠄࠇߥߊߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ߎߩᓟ‫ޔ‬ችᑨߩ⠪ߪ⊝ࡂࠥࡀࠍ㕖㔍ߒ‫ޔ‬Ꮻ㙚ߒߚ₺ఱᒉ߽ᔶߞߡᓐߦኻߔࠆᕲ㘈ࠍ৻ᤨ
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ߦ‫ޕ‬
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ᒰὼߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
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㤛㊄᰼ߪ౮ᧄ % ߦ߅޿ߡ߽৻⽾ߒߡࡂࠥࡀߩ․ᕈߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ࡓ࡞ࠜࡧࠍ࠻࡝ࡈ࡯ࠪޕ‬
ࠬߩ㙺ኃߦ᜗ᓙߒߚᤨ‫ޕ߁⸒߁ߎߪࡀࠥࡂޔ‬
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ߡ߽૶޿ዧߊߖߥ޿࠾࡯ࡌ࡞ࡦࠥࡦߩቲࠍᓐߪ࿖ߦᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢߔ‫ࡦࠧ࡞ࡉߩߎ޽޽ޕ‬
࠼ߢᚒ‫ࠍࠇ޽߇ޘ‬ᚲ᦭ߢ߈ߚࠄࠃ޿ߩߦ㧍‫࠻࡞ࡅࡓࠛ࡝ࠢߦ࡞࠹ࡦࠣޔ߇ࡀࠥࡂߚ߹ޠ‬
ߣߩ๺⸃ࠍ൘߼ߚߩ߽ቲࠁ߃ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߪ⾰․‛ੱߩߎ ޕ‬౮ᧄ & ߦ߅޿ߡߪߐࠄߦᒝ⺞ߒ
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