Unit 1

[Unit 1 Einstein's Brain]
Unit 1 Einstein's Brain
■アインシュタインの脳について知っていることがありますか。
Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time1. His
discoveries changed the way we think about2 time, space3, matter4 and the
universe5.
Einstein died in the American state of New Jersey in 1955. He was 76
years old. Shortly after6 his death, Thomas Harvey examined Einstein's
body. Dr. Harvey removed7 the brain 8 for scientific research 9 and protected
it in special fluids10. He made measurements11 and took pictures12 of the
brain. He hoped to discover some physical evidence 13 of what made Albert
Einstein such a great thinker14. However, Dr. Harvey did not tell Einstein's
family that he had kept 15 the brain. It was only later that the family learned
1
of all time
2
the way we think about∼
space
matter
the universe
shortly after∼
removed∼
the brain
for scientific research
fluid
make measurements
took pictures
physical evidence
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
古今の（the greatest film of all time 古今の名
画）
∼についてに我々の考え方
空間
物質
宇宙
∼後すぐに
∼を取り出した
脳
科学的研究のために
液体
測定した (=measure)
写真を撮る
身体上の証拠 (evidence は数えられない名
詞)
14
what made Albert Einstein such a great thinker
15
had kept∼
何が∼をかくも偉大な思想家にしたのか
∼を保管した
1
Health and Science (Asahi Press)
[Unit 1 Einstein's Brain]
about16 his work. At first 17, family members did not like the idea. After Dr.
Harvey explained his idea to them18, they agreed to let him study19 the
brain.
Dr. Harvey cut the brain into more than 200 pieces for future study by
researchers. A few years ago, one group of researchers reported that
Einstein had an unusually high number of cells20 that support the operation
of brain cells21.
Recently, Dr. Harvey offered Canadian researchers a chance to study
Einstein's brain. The researchers carried out a detailed examination22 of the
brain of the world-famous scientist. The researchers say they may have
identified23 something that might explain Einstein's intelligence24. They say
the findings25 may provide26 information about how small differences in the
brain can influence27 how the mind works28.
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
It was only later that the family learned about∼
家族が∼について知ったのは後のことだっ
た
初めは
彼の考えを家族に説明した
At first
explained his idea to them
agreed to let him study∼
彼に∼を研究させることに同意した[let＋目
的語＋動詞（原形）]
異常なほど多くの細胞
脳細胞の働きを支援する
詳細な調査を行った
∼の正体を明らかにしたかもしれない
知力、知性、知能
研究結果
∼を提供する
∼に影響を与える
頭の働き方 (=the ways the mind works)
an unusually high number of cells
support the operation of brain cells
carried out a detailed examination
may have identified∼
intelligence
the findings
provide
influence
how the mind works
2
Health and Science (Asahi Press)
[Unit 1 Einstein's Brain]
Sandra Witelson of McMaster University29 in Hamilton, Ontario led the
researchers. She and her team compared Einstein's brain with30 the brains
of 35 men and 56 women. The other people had offered31 their brains to
science32 before they died. All the people had normal intelligence.
The researchers found that Einstein's brain was similar to33 the others in
many ways. His brain was similar in weight and had many of the same
measurements34 as the other brains. However, one part of Einstein's brain,
the inferior parietal lobe35, was clearly different. The researchers found
Einstein's inferior parietal lobe was 15 percent wider than those in the other
people. This area of the brain is believed to control 36 mathematical thought,
spatial relationships37 and other kinds of thinking38.
The researchers say this part of Einstein's brain was different in another
way39. It lacked a structure40 called the parietal operculum41. The
researchers say the lack of this structure may have permitted more brain
29
McMaster University
30
compared ∼ with …
offered
science
was similar to∼
measurements
the inferior parietal lobe
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
オンタリオ州ハミルトンにあるマクマスタ
ー大学
∼と…を比較した
∼を提供した
自然科学
∼と似ていた
寸法
下頭頂小葉（頭頂間溝の下にある大脳の頭
頂葉の一部分
∼を司ると信じられている
空間関係
その他の思考
別の意味で
構造、組織
頭頂部の(parietal)蓋(operculum)
is believed to control
spatial relationships
other kinds of thinking
in another way
structure
the parietal operculum
3
Health and Science (Asahi Press)
[Unit 1 Einstein's Brain]
cells in this area to establish42 more connections among each other43 and
work together44 more easily.
The new findings about Einstein's brain are reported in the British
medical publication45, Lancet46.
42
43
44
45
46
確立する
脳細胞同士のより多くの関係
一緒になって働く
英国の医学専門雑誌
『ランセット』。週刊誌で Thomas Wakley が
1823 年に創刊
establish
more connections among each other
work together
the British medical publication
Lancet
4
Health and Science (Asahi Press)
[Unit 1 Einstein's Brain]
True / False
次の英文が本文の内容と一致するものには T を、一致しないものに
は F を( )に入れなさい。
( F ) 1.
Einstein died in New York.
( F ) 2.
Einstein's brain was found to be unusual.
( F ) 3.
Researchers have found that only big differences in brains
can make one person's mind different than another person's
mind.
( T ) 4.
A recent study of Einstein's brain was done in Canada.
( F ) 5.
Einstein may have been one of the greatest scientists of all
time because he didn't have a part of the brain which most
other people have.
5
Health and Science (Asahi Press)
[Unit 1 Einstein's Brain]
Multiple Choice
次の英文の( )内に最も適当なものを下記の a,b,c の中から選んで
入れなさい。
1. Settling on this island has changed ( c ) he sees nature.
a. that
b. that how
c. the way
2. There is no permanent standard by which we can compare one
civilization ( a ) another.
a. with
b. by
c. from
3. My opinion is ( c ) to yours in many ways, but some details are
different.
a. familiar
b. contrary
c. similar
4. Bad weather did not permit ( b ) to the summit.
a. for us to climb
b. us to climb
c. us to climbing
6
Health and Science (Asahi Press)
[Unit 1 Einstein's Brain]
Dictation
次の英文を聴いて、下線部を埋めなさい。
1. Dr. Harvey removed the brain for scientific research and protected it
in special fluids.
2. Einstein had an unusually high number of cells that support the
operation of brain cells.
3. Researchers found Einstein's inferior parietal lobe was 15 percent
wider than those in the other people.
7
Health and Science (Asahi Press)
[Unit 1 Einstein's Brain]
Composition
日本文の意味になるように［ ］内の語句を並べかえて、英文を
完成させなさい。ただし、文頭に来る語も小文字にしてあります。
1.
バッハがどうしてあのような偉大な作曲家になったか考えたこ
とがありますか。
Have you ever thought about [Bach, what, so, composer, a, made,
great] ?
Have you ever thought about [ what made Bach so great a composer ]?
2.
彼がその装置を発明開発したのは 25 年も前のことだった。
[was, invented, that, 25 years, it, he, ago] and developed the device.
[ It was 25 years ago that he invented ] and developed the device.
3.
彼は選挙公約をすべて実行すると約束した。
He promised that he [carry, every one, would, of, his, out] campaign
pledges.
He promised that he [ would carry out his every one of his] campaign
pledges.
4.
キリスト教では神が 6 日で宇宙の万物を創造したと信じられて
いる。
In Christianity God [to, believed, have, all the things, is, created] in
the universe in six days.
In Christianity God [ is believed to have created all the things ] in the
universe in six days.
8
Health and Science (Asahi Press)