Comments
Description
Transcript
ⅹↀ ٻܖᙀяբۀՃ˟ ٻܖ⇒ ∙ ↚᧙ↈ Ѱԓ Ўௌ≋1889⊡1901
ᮾிᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ᩍ⫱⾜ᨻᏛㄽྀ ➨ ྕ ᖺ ⇊⇔∐⇟↚ⅹↀ↺ܖٻᙀяբۀՃ˟↝ ↺ↈ᧙↚⇟∙⇰⇶⇒ܖٻѰԓ↝Ўௌ≋1889⊡1901 ࠰≌ ‒܇߃ޛ Analysis on Advice of Ad Hoc University Grants Committees on University Governance in the United Kingdom (1889-1901) Tomoko YAMAZAKI This article attempts to examine the intention of the British central government on university governance in the prehistory of the UGC. Whereas Vernon (2001) suggests that the state had had the strong influence on universities and university colleges since 1889, he does not consider the contents of the state influence. In this paper, through the analysis of the reports of ad hoc university grants committees in 1889-1901, the significance of advice on university governance in the formation of the higher education system in the United Kingdom will be shown. It can be said that there are the following intentions of the committees on university governance. Firstly, the committees intended to standardise numbers and emoluments of staffs by ear-marked grants. Secondly, they expected to “purchase” universities from local governments in order that the central government obtained power on the universities. 㸰. ┠ ḟ V. I. 㸯. 㸰. II. 㸯. 㸰. 㸱. 㸲. 㸳. III. 㸯. 㸰. 㸱. IV. 㸯. ࡣࡌࡵ ၥ㢟ࡢᡤᅾ ศᯒᑐ㇟ ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡘ࠸࡚ 1889 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ 1892 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ 1894 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ 1897 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ 1901 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ ᩍဨ㓄⨨ ௦⾲㐠Ⴀ⤌⧊ ἲே᱁ ศᯒ ⣣ࡁ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢ ୰ኸᨻᗓࡼࡿࠊᕷẸ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢᆅ᪉⮬ యࡽࡢࠕ㈙ྲྀࡾࠖ ࠾ࢃࡾ Ϩ ࡣࡌࡵ 㻝㸬ၥ㢟ࡢᡤᅾ㻌 ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ1889 ᖺࡽ 1901 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢࢠࣜ ࢫࡢᏛ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨ࠾ࡅࡿ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㛵ࡍ ࡿ່࿌ࡢศᯒࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᙜࡢ୰ኸᨻᗓࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࣭ Ꮫࡢ㛵ࡢ୍➃ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 2004 ᖺ 4 ᭶ࡢᅜ❧Ꮫἲேࢆྵࡵࡓ᪥ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡣࠊࢠࣜࢫࡢ࣐࣮࢞ࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢧࢵࢳࣕ ࣮ඖ㤳┦㸦Margaret ThatcherࠊಖᏲඪࠊᅾ௵ 1979 㹼90 ᖺ㸧ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓ୍㐃ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࠊලయⓗࡣ 1988 ᖺᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ἲ㸦Education Reform Act, 1988㸧 ࡼࡿ࣏ࣜࢸࢡࢽࢡ㸦polytechnic㸧ࡢἲே 1992 ᖺ 56 東京大学大学院教育学研究科教育行政学論叢 第 32 号 2012 年 ᮾிᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ᩍ⫱⾜ᨻᏛㄽྀ ➨ 32 ྕ 2012 ᖺ ⥅⥆࣭㧗➼ᩍ⫱ἲ 㸦Further and Higher Education Act, 1992㸧ࡼࡿ࣏ࣜࢸࢡࢽࢡࡢᏛࡢᨵ⤌క࠺➇த ཎ⌮ࡢᑟධࠊࡉࡽࡣ◊✲࣭ᩍ⫱ホ౯ࡢᑟධ࡞࠸ ࡗࡓヨࡳࢆᡭᮏࡋ࡚㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊࢧࢵࢳ࣮ࣕᨵ㠉௨๓ࡢࢠࣜࢫࡣ Ꮫ⿵ຓ㔠ጤဨ㸦University Grants Committeeࠊ␎ ⛠ UGC㸧ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊ ࠕsupport without control㸭support but no controlࠖࡘࡲࡾࠕຓࡍࢀ ࡶ⤫ไࡏࡎࠖ࠸࠺⌮ᛕࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ⌮ⓗ࡞୰ኸᨻᗓ(1)Ꮫࡢ㛵ಀࢆ⾲ ࡍࡶࡢホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⌮ᛕࡣࠊ୰ኸ ᨻᗓࡀ⣣ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ண⟬ࢆᏛࡋࠊᏛࡣࡑ ࢀࢆ⮬⏤࠼ࡿࡇ⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢠࣜ ࢫࡢᏛࡀእ㒊ࠊ≉୰ኸᨻᗓࡽ⮬⏤࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ ࢆ⾲ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࠕsupport with controlࠖࡘࡲࡾࠕຓࡍࡿࡀ⤫ไࡶࡍࡿࠖࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ ࡓࢧࢵࢳ࣮ࣕ௨㝆ࡢᨵ㠉ࡣࠊ ࠕᏛࡢ⮬㸦university autonomy㸧 ࠖࡸࠕᏛၥࡢ⮬⏤㸦academic freedom㸧 ࠖ ࢆ⬣ࡍࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡽࡣࠕᏛࡢᮏ᮶࠶ࡿࡁ ጼࠖ 㸦⛙ 2001: 293㸧ࢆᦆ࡞࠺ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᢈุࡉࢀࡿഴ ྥ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࢠࣜࢫࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡣࠊ㔜 ࡢព࡛̿⌧௦ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡢᡭᮏ࠸࠺ព࡛ࠊ ࡲࡓ⌮ⓗ࡞୰ኸᨻᗓ̿Ꮫ㛵ಀࡀࡘ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ ࡓ࠸࠺ព࡛̿᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ㠀ᖖὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ ࠼ࡿࠋ 1919 ᖺタ❧ࡢ UGC ࡣࠊࣂ࣮ࢲ࣮ࣝ㸦1959㸧ࡢ◊ ✲ᡂᯝࡼࡾࠕၿពࡢ࢚࣮ࢪ࢙ࣥࢩ࣮㸦benign agency㸧 ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦Shattock 1994: ix㸧 ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ UGC ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᛶ᱁ࡣᅜᐙ㸦State㸧 Ꮫࡢ⦆⾪⨨㸦buffer㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡣ 1889 ᖺ UGC ࡢ๓㌟ࡢㅎၥጤဨࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࡽኚࢃࡽ ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋලయⓗ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲ ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ1919 ᖺࡽࡢ⣙ 60 ᖺࡢ㛫࡛ࠊ ࠕ⦆⾪⨨ࠖ ࡽࠕ⥅ࡂᡭ㸦coupling㸧 ࠖ࠸࠺ UGC ࡢᙺࡢኚ ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇࢆᣦࡋࡓ࣒࣮ࢹ࣮㸦1983㸧ࡸࠊ UGC ࡀ 1963 ᖺ௨㝆ᨻᗓࡢせồᛂ࠼࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠕ⦆⾪⨨ࠖ࠸࠺ᙜึࡢᛶ᱁ࡽኚ ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡇࢆᣦࡋࡓࢩࣕࢺࢵࢡ㸤ࣂ࣮ࢲ࣮ࣝ 㸦1983㸧ࡢ◊✲࡞ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ UGC ࡑࡢ๓㌟ࡢㅎၥ ጤဨࡢᛶ᱁ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣦ࣮ࣀࣥ㸦2004㸧ࡽ ㄽࡀᐤࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼࡼࡿࠊ1889 ᖺ௨㝆ࠊᅜᐙ 57 ࡣ࢝ࣞࢵࢪᙳ㡪ຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࣂ࣮ࢲ࣮ࣝ࡞ࡇ ࢀࡲ࡛ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡀ♧ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞୰ኸᨻᗓ̿Ꮫ 㛫㛵ಀ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᢸࡗࡓࡢ ࡀᏛ⿵ຓ㔠࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᙼࡢᣦࡣ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞どⅬ ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜࡢ㛵ࢆヨࡳࡓࡢ ࠸࠺Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚ࡣゝཬࡀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ୍ḟ ㈨ᩱࢆศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ≧ἣ ࡘ࠸࡚ㅎၥጤဨࡣᵝࠎ࡞ពぢࢆ㏙࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽ ࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽ぢ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡼࡗ࡚୰ኸᨻᗓࡢᙳ㡪 ຊࡢ୰㌟ࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲ ࡛ࡣࠊ⿵ຓ㔠ୖࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ≉Ⰽ࠶ࡿ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚ศᯒࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᙜࡢ୰ኸ ᨻᗓࡢᏛ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᨵ㠉ࡢ㛵ࢆᾋࡧୖࡀࡽࡏ ࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ 㻞㸬ศᯒᑐ㇟㻌 ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊⱥᅜබᩥ᭩㤋ᡤⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⿵ ຓ㔠㛵ࡍࡿබᩥ᭩㸦ᩍ⫱㝔ᩥ᭩㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜ ࠺ࠋ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡣࠊ1889 ᖺࢆ⓶ษࡾࠊ1892 ᖺࠊ1894 ᖺࠊ1897 ᖺࠊ1901 ᖺࠊ1904 ᖺⶶ┬⟶ ㎄ࡢ⮫ࡢㅎၥጤဨࡋ࡚タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ 1906 ᖺ࡞ࡗ࡚ᖖタࡢㅎၥጤဨ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ1911 ᖺ ࡣ⟶㎄┬ᗇࡀⶶ┬ࡽᩍ⫱㝔ኚࢃࡗࡓࡀࠊ 1919 ᖺ UGC ࡀタ❧ࡉࢀࡿ࠶ࡓࡾࠊࡧⶶ┬ ⛣⟶ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᮏ◊✲ࡀศᯒᑐ㇟ࡍࡿࡢ ࡣࠊ1889 ᖺࡽ 1901 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ⮫ࡢㅎၥጤဨࡢᩥ ᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ௦ࢆᑐ㇟ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊᙜࡣࡲࡔ⿵ ຓ㔠ࢆᕼᮃࡍࡿ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣⓎᒎࡢ㐣Ώᮇ࠶ࡾࠊ ㅎၥጤဨࡀၥ㢟࠶ࡾࡳ࡞ࡋࡓ࢝ࣞࢵࢪᑐࡋ࡚࠸ ࡃࡘࡢ㔜せ࡞່࿌ࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ලయⓗὀ┠ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥࣀࢵࢸ ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(2)ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣࢢ࣮ࣜࣥ 㸦1994㸧ࡼࡿᏛศ㢮࡛ࡣࠕ᪂ᕷẸᏛ㸦new civic universities㸧 ࠖᒓࡍࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡋ࡚ࡢタ ❧ᖺࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1862 ᖺࠊ1881 ᖺ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᏛ ࡋ࡚ࡢタ❧ສチ≧ࡼࡾᏛᤵᶒࢆᚓࡓࡢࡣ 1952 ᖺࠊ1948 ᖺࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪタ❧ࡽᏛ᪼᱁ࡲ࡛ 㛗࠸㛫ࡀࡗࡓᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇࡣᵝࠎ࡞ せᅉࡀ⤡ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㔜せ࡞せ⣲ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀᣲࡆ ࡽࢀࡿࠋ௨ୗࠊࡲࡎࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢㅎၥጤဨ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞⿵ຓ㔠㓄ศࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡢࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋࠊḟ࢞ 58 57 イギリスにおける大学補助金諮問委員会の大学ガバナンスに関する勧告の分析 ࢠࣜࢫ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡢᏛ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ࡢศᯒ ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋ ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ࡀᙜࡢ㧗➼ᩍ ⫱ࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓព⩏ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ ϩ ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡘ࠸࡚ ᮏ㡯࡛ࡣࠊ๓ᥦ᮲௳ࡋ࡚ࠊ1889 ᖺ௨㝆ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞⿵ຓ㔠㓄ศ ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡢࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡍࡿࠋ 㻝㸬㻝㻤㻤㻥 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ㻌 ࢠࣜࢫ㸦ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ㸧࠾࠸࡚ᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⿵ ຓ㔠ࡀࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ 1889 ᖺࡢࡇ࡛ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢዎᶵ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ 1885 ᖺࡽࡢᕷẸ࢝ ࣞࢵࢪࡼࡿᏛ⿵ຓ㔠⋓ᚓ㐠ື࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆཷࡅ ࡚ᙜࡢⶶ⮧ࢦࢵࢩ࢙ࣥ㸦Goschen㸧ࡣ 1889 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 11 ᪥ࠊࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢᏛ⿵ຓ㔠㓄ศࡢࡓࡵࡢ⮫ ࡢㅎၥጤဨࡢタ⨨ࢆỴࡵࡓ㸦ED 54/1㸧 ࠋጤဨࡋ ࡚ࠊ Sir John Lubbock Bart., M.P. Sir Henry Roscoe, M.P. The Rev. J. Percival, D.D. (Head Master of Rugby School) The Rev. G.F. Browne, B.D. (Hon. Fellow of St. Catherine’s College, Cambridge) R.G.C. Mowbray, Esq., M.P. ࡢ 5 ྡࡀ௵ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢጤဨࡢㅎၥ㡯㸦terms of reference㸧ࡣࠊ ࠕ㆟ࡢᖺẖࡢண⟬ࡼࡗ࡚ㄆࡵࡽࢀ ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ 㸦ᘬ⏝⪅ト㸸⿵ຓ㔠㸧⥲㢠㸦㺿15,000㸧ࢆ ࡇࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢྜ࡛㓄ศࡍࡿࡁỴᐃࡍࡿ ࡇࢆຓࡅࡿ㸦to assist in determining the colleges, amongst which and the proportions in which, the said sum should, if approved by annual Vote of Parliament, be distributed㸧 ࠖ 㸦Ibid.㸧࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡗࡓࠋጤဨࡓࡕࡣ 12 ࡢ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆᕼᮃࡍࡿ࢝ࣞࢵ ࢪࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࠊ௨ୗࡢ 11 ᰯ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ㓄ศࡍࡿ ࡇࢆỴᐃࡋࡓࠋ Owens College, Manchester͐㺿1,800 University College, London͐㺿1,700 King’s College, London͐㺿1,700 Liverpool University College͐㺿1,500 Mason College, Birmingham͐㺿1,400 Yorkshire College, Leeds͐㺿1,400 Nottingham University College͐㺿1,400 Bristol University College͐㺿1,200 Durham College of Science (Newcastle-on-Tyne) ͐㺿1,200 Firth College, Sheffield͐㺿1,200 Dundee University College͐㺿500 㸦Hartley Institution, Southampton͐㺿0㸧 㺿15,000 ࡇࡢጤဨ࠾ࡅࡿ⿵ຓ㔠㓄ศࡢ᭱ࡢ≉ᚩࡣࠊ⿵ ຓ㔠⋓ᚓ㐠ື࡛ᑟⓗ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺ ࣥᑐࡋ࡚⿵ຓ㔠ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ࠊጤဨࡣࠊ ࠕ͐Ꮫࡢ⛉┠ࡢ 㠃ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗࢆࡍࡿࡢ༑ศ࡞ᑓ㛛ࡢᩍဨࡀ࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑ ࡢୖࠊ㐺ษ࡞௦⾲㐠Ⴀ⤌⧊㸦a proper representative governing body㸧ࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࠖ 㸦Ibid.㸧ᣦ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᩍဨࡢ㓄⨨㐠Ⴀ⤌⧊ၥ㢟ࡀ ࠶ࡿࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ḟ❶࡛ᢅ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘὀ┠ࡍࡁⅬࡋ࡚ࠊ⿵ຓ㔠㓄ศࡢ ࡓࡵࡢᏛどᐹࢆ⾜࡞࠺ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺່࿌ࡀฟࡉ ࢀࡓࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋጤဨࡣࠊ ࠕᏛ⏕ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿ┠ ⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᘓ≀ࡸᐇ㦂タࢆどᐹࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡋ ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢥ࣮ࢫࡢᛶ㉁⠊ᅖࡘ࠸࡚ಶேⓗ⢭ ㏻ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᨻᗓࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿே≀ࡀᢡ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࢆ ゼၥࡍࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸦It might … be desirable that a person representing the Government should visit each college from time to time, not for the purpose of examining the students, but to inspect buildings and laboratories, and to become personally acquainted with the nature and extent of the different course of study.㸧 ࠖ㏙ࡓ 㸦ED 54/1㸧 ࠋ⥆ࡃ 1892 ᖺࠊ1894 ᖺࡢㅎၥጤဨ࡛ࡶ ࡇࡢ່࿌ࡣᨭᣢࡉࢀࠊ 1897 ᖺ᭱ึࡢどᐹࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 58 東京大学大学院教育学研究科教育行政学論叢 第 32 号 2012 年 ᮾிᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ᩍ⫱⾜ᨻᏛㄽྀ ➨ 32 ྕ 2012 ᖺ 㻞㸬㻝㻤㻥㻞 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ㻌 1889 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ⥆ࡃ 1892 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ࡛ࡣࠊ ௨ୗࡢ 5 ྡࡀጤဨࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡓ H.E. Oakeley ࡀ᭩グ ࡋ࡚௵ࡉࢀࡓࠋ H.E. Roscoe G. Curzon J. Bryce R.G.C. Mowbray W.J. Courthope 1892 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 21 ᪥ࡢጤဨࡢሗ࿌᭩ࡼࡿࠊ๓ ᅇ⿵ຓ㔠ࣜࢫࢺࡽእࡉࢀࡓࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥࡣ⿵ ຓ㔠⏦ㄳࢆࡏࡎࠊ11 ࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣ๓ᅇྠ㢠ࡢ⿵ຓ㔠 ࢆᚓࡓ㸦ED 24/78㸧 ࠋࡇࡢጤဨ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⿵ຓ㔠 㢠ኚࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ່࿌ࡋ࡚≉ 㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࠊධᏛ 㝿ࡋ࡚ᩍἲ 39 ⟠᮲ࡢᐉㄋࢆㄢࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࢟ࣥࢢࢫ࣭ ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࣭ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢጇᙜᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ࣟࢫࢥ࣮ࣈࣛࢫࡽ⩏ࡀ࿊ࡉࢀࡓⅬࡔࡅࡣ␃ ពࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊḟࡢጤဨ࡛㆟ ㄽࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 㻟㸬㻝㻤㻥㻠 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ㻌 ⥆ࡃ 1894 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ࡛ࡣࠊ1894 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 5 ᪥ሗ ࿌᭩ࡀฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ED 24/79㸧 ࠋࡇࡢጤဨࡣࠊጤ ဨ࡛࠶ࡿ J. Bryce L. Playfair H.E. Roscoe W. Kenrick ࡢ 4 ྡࠊ1889 ᖺㅎၥጤဨࡢ㝿ࡶ᭩グᐁࡔࡗࡓ Mr. H.E. Oakeley ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⿵ຓ㔠㓄 ศ㢠ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋ Owens College, Manchester͐㺿1,800 University College, London͐㺿1,700 Liverpool University College͐㺿1,500 Mason College, Birmingham͐㺿1,400 Yorkshire College, Leeds͐㺿1,400 59 Nottingham University College͐㺿1,200 Bristol University College͐㺿1,200 Durham College of Science (Newcastle-on-Tyne) ͐㺿1,200 Firth College, Sheffield͐㺿1,200 Bedford College, London͐㺿700 㺿13,300 King’s College, London͐㺿1,700 㺿15,000 ࡇࡢጤဨ࡛ࡢ⿵ຓ㔠㓄ศ⥲㢠ࡣ๓ᅇࡲ࡛ྠᵝ࡛ࠊ ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ࣋ࢵࢻࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ࣭࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡀ᪂ࡓࣜࢫࢺ ຍࢃࡗࡓ㛵ಀ࡛⿵ຓ㔠㓄ศ㢠ࡣከᑡࡢኚࡀぢࡽ ࢀࡓࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ๓ᅇࡢㅎၥጤဨ࡛ᣦ ࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺ࠊⱥᅜᅜᩍᐦ᥋࡞㛵ࢃࡾࢆᣢࡘ࢟ࣥ ࢢࢫ࣭࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ⿵ຓ㔠ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㆟ㄽࡀࢃ ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᐀ᩍᏛࡢ㛵ಀ࠸ ࠺ほⅬࡽࡣ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ㛵ᚰࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᢅࢃ࡞࠸(3)ࠋ 㻠㸬㻝㻤㻥㻣 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ㻌 1897 ᖺㅎၥጤဨࡣࠊ๓ᅇࡲ࡛ࡢጤဨ࠾ࡅࡿࠊ Ꮫどᐹࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝᚑࡗ࡚⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ㓄ศࡍࡿ ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺່࿌ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊึࡵ࡚ྛ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ どᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼ࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ពࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ ࡓࠋㅎၥጤဨタ⨨ඛ㥑ࡅ࡚ࠊⶶ┬ࡣ 1896 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 3 ᪥ࠊ࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻᏛࡢ࣐ࢢࢲ࣭ࣞࣥ࢝ࣞࢵ ࢪࡢᏛᑅ㛗࡛࠶ࡿ࢛࢘ࣞࣥẶ㸦Mr. T.H. Warren, President of Magdalen College, Oxford㸧ࠊࢣࣥࣈ ࣜࢵࢪᏛࡢࢭࣥࢺ࣭ࢪࣙࣥࢬ࣭࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢࣇ࢙࣮ࣟ ࡛࠶ࡿࣦࣛࣥࢢᩍᤵ㸦Professor G.D. Living, Fellow of St. John’s College, Cambridge㸧ྛ࢝ࣞࢵ ࢪࡢどᐹࢆ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺౫㢗ࡋࡓ㸦ED 24/81㸧 ࠋ౫㢗ࢆཷ ࡅࡓ୧ྡࡣࠊ1896 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 31 ᪥どᐹሗ࿌᭩ࢆᥦฟ ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࢩ࣐࣮ࣕࣝࢫ㸦Mr. Chalmers㸧ࡼࡿ㈈ ᨻሗ࿌᭩ࡶྠ᪥ᥦฟࡉࢀࡓࠋⶶ┬ࡣ 1897 ᖺㅎၥጤ ဨࢆ௵ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢሗ࿌᭩ࢆࡶ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ㓄ศ ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ㅎၥࡋࡓࠋጤဨࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡣࠊ 60 59 イギリスにおける大学補助金諮問委員会の大学ガバナンスに関する勧告の分析 ࢠࣜࢫ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡢᏛ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ࡢศᯒ The Right Honourable J. W. Mellor, K.C., M.P. Sir Henry Roscoe, D.C.L., F.R.S. Sir R. C. Jebb, M.P., Litt.D., &c., &c. C. A. Whitmore, Esq., M.P. W. J. Courthope, Esq., C.B. ࡢ 5 ྡ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㈈ᨻሗ࿌᭩ࢆ᭩࠸ࡓⶶ┬ࡢࢩ࣐ࣕࣝ ࣮ࢫࡀ᭩グࡋ࡚ཧຍࡋࡓࠋ1897 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 20 ᪥ㅎၥ ጤဨࡢ່࿌ࡀฟࡉࢀࠊྠᖺ 6 ᭶ 2 ᪥ⶶ┬ࡣ௨ୗ ࡢࡼ࠺⿵ຓ㔠㓄ศ㢠ࢆỴᐃࡋࡓࠋ Owens College, Manchester͐㺿3,500 University College, London͐㺿3,000 University College, Liverpool͐㺿3,000 Mason College, Birmingham͐㺿2,700 King’s College, London͐㺿2,200 Yorkshire College, Leeds͐㺿2,200 Durham College of Science͐㺿2,200 University College, Nottingham͐㺿1,500 Firth College, Sheffield͐㺿1,300 University College, Bristol͐㺿1,200 Bedford College, London͐㺿1,200 㺿24,000 University College, Dundee͐㺿1,000 㺿25,000 ࡇࡢጤဨ࡛≉➹ࡍࡁⅬࡣࠊᏛどᐹࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀ ࡓࡇ⿵ຓ㔠⥲㢠ࡀቑຍࡋࡓࡇࠊࡑࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡘ ࡢ㔜せ࡞່࿌ࡀฟࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛどᐹࡢ㛤ጞ ࡼࡾࠊྛ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡀᢪ࠼ࡿㄢ㢟ࡸྛ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ㛫ࡢ┦ 㐪Ⅼࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚⿵ຓ㔠ࡢቑ㢠ࡣࡇࢀ௨ 㝆ࠊ᪤ᐃࡢ㊰⥺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡓࠊ່࿌ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ ࠼ࡤࠊ➨୍ࠊ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ᪂ࡓᕼᮃࡋࡓࣞࢹࣥ ࢢ࢚ࢡࢭࢱ࣮ࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ⿵ຓ㔠ࡣࠊどᐹ⤖ᯝ 㚷ࡳ࡚ᩍ⫱ෆᐜ㊊ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ ࡗࡓࠋ➨ࠊ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᩍဨ㓄⨨ࡀ ༑ศ࡞ᶵ㛵ࡦࡶࡁ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆࡍࡿ࠸࠺່࿌ ࡶฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ ➨ࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡣḟ❶࡛ヲࡋࡃ㏙ࡿࠋ 㻡㸬㻝㻥㻜㻝 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ㻌 1901 ᖺㅎၥጤဨࡶ๓ᅇࡢ1897 ᖺࡢጤဨྠᵝ ࡢᡭ㡰࡛⿵ຓ㔠㓄ศࡀỴᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊ1901 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 20 ᪥ⶶ┬ぬ᭩࡛࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻᏛࢺࣜࢽ ࢸ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ๓Ꮫᑅ㛗ࡢ࢘ࢵࢬ༤ኈ㸦Dr. H.G. Woods, formerly President of Trinity College, Oxford㸧ࢣ ࣥࣈࣜࢵࢪᏛࢲ࢘ࢽࣥࢢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪᏛᑅ㛗ࡢࣄࣝ༤ኈ 㸦 Dr. A. Hill, Master of Downing College, Cambridge㸧ࡀどᐹ⪅ࡋ࡚௵ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ED 24/82A㸧 ࠋ ୧ྡࡢどᐹሗ࿌᭩ࡣ 1901 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 31 ᪥ฟࡉࢀࠊྠ ᪥ฟࡉࢀࡓⶶ┬ࡢࣄࢵࢢࢫ㸦Mr. H. Higgs㸧ࡢ㈈ᨻ ሗ࿌᭩ేࡏ࡚ㅎၥጤဨ᳨࡛ウࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ㅎၥጤဨࡣ1902 ᖺ2 ᭶14 ᪥ࡢⶶ┬ぬ᭩࡚௵ ࡉࢀࡓࠋጤဨࡣ๓ᅇྠࡌ࡛ࠊ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ The Right Hon. J. W. Mellor, K.C., M.P. Sir Henry Roscoe, D.C.L., F.R.S. Sir R. C. Jebb, M.P., Litt.D., D.C.L., &c. C. A. Whitmore, Esq., M.P. W. J. Courthope, Esq., C.B. ㆟㛗࣓࣮ࣛࡀࠊࡑࡋ࡚᭩グ㈈ᨻሗ࿌᭩ࢆ᭩࠸ࡓ ࣄࢵࢢࢫࡀᑵ࠸ࡓࠋጤဨࡢ່࿌ࢆཷࡅࠊ1902 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 10 ᪥ࡢⶶ┬ぬ᭩࡚௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ⿵ຓ㔠ࡀ㓄ศࡉ ࢀࡿࡇࡀỴࡲࡗࡓࠋ Owens College, Manchester͐㺿3,500 University College, London͐㺿3,000 University College, Liverpool͐㺿3,000 Mason College, Birmingham͐㺿2,700 King’s College, London͐㺿2,300 Yorkshire College, Leeds͐㺿2,300 Durham College of Science͐㺿1,800 University College, Nottingham͐㺿1,700 University College, Sheffield͐㺿1,300 Bedford College, London͐㺿1,200 University College, Bristol͐㺿1,200 University College, Dundee͐㺿1,000 㺿25,000 Hartley College, Southampton͐㺿1,000 60 東京大学大学院教育学研究科教育行政学論叢 第 32 号 2012 年 ᮾிᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ᩍ⫱⾜ᨻᏛㄽྀ ➨ 32 ྕ 2012 ᖺ University College, Reading͐㺿1,000 㺿27,000 ࡇࡢጤဨ࡛ࡣࠊ๓ᅇࡲ࡛⿵ຓ㔠ࢆᕼᮃࡋࡘ ࡘࡶྔࢃ࡞ࡗࡓ 3 ࡘࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ㸦ࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥࠊ ࣞࢹࣥࢢࠊ࢚ࢡࢭࢱ࣮㸧ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊどᐹ࠾࠸࡚ᩍ⫱ 㠃࡛ࡢྥୖࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛ࠊࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥ ࣞࢹࣥࢢࡣ᮲௳ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ⿵ຓ㔠㓄ศࡀㄆࡵࡽ ࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊḟ❶࡛㏙ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࣄࢵࢢࢫࡢ㈈ᨻሗ ࿌᭩࡛ࡢᥦᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣ ἲேࡼࡾἲே᱁ࢆᚓࡿ㸦acquire a legal personality by incorporation㸧ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺່࿌ ࡶฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦ED 24/82A㸧 ࠋ Ϫ ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ ๓㡯࡛ぢ࡚ࡁࡓ1889ᖺࡽ1901ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ⮫ࡢㅎ ၥጤဨ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡘ࠸࡚ ࡢᇶ‽̿࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ձᩍဨ㓄⨨ࠊ ղ௦⾲㐠Ⴀ⤌⧊ࠊ ճἲே᱁ࠊࡢ 3 Ⅼ̿ࡀタᐃࡉࢀࡓ(4)ࠋձղ㛵ࡋ࡚ ࡣࠊ1889 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ࠾࠸࡚ࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥࡀࠊ⿵ ຓ㔠⋓ᚓ㐠ືࢆඛᑟࡋࡓࡢࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠕᏛࡢ⛉┠ ࡢᤵᴗࢆࡍࡿࡢ༑ศ࡞ᑓ㛛ࡢᩍဨࡀ࠸࡞࠸ࠖࡑࡋ࡚ ࠕ㐺ษ࡞㐠Ⴀ⤌⧊ࡀ࡞࠸ࠖ࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛⿵ຓ㔠ࡢ ᑐ㇟እࡉࢀࡓ࠸࠺ᐇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ 1889 ᖺ⿵ຓ 㔠ࣜࢫࢺ㍕ࡗࡓ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ㸦ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࡋ࡚ࣂ ࣮࣑࣒ࣥ࢞ࢩ࢙ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ㸧ࢧ࢘ࢨ ࣥࣉࢺࣥࡢ࢝ࣞࣥࢲ࣮ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊලయ ⓗࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼࡀ ࠕᏛࠖࡢྡࡩࡉࢃࡋࡃ࡞࠸ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡘ ࠸࡚ぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋᩍဨ㓄⨨㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ1897 ᖺㅎၥጤဨ ࡛ၥ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊేࡏ࡚ゝཬࡍࡿࠋ1901 ᖺࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ㈈ᨻሗ࿌᭩࡛᪂ࡓᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓ᮲௳࡛࠶ ࡿճࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣀࢵࢸ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡢࡀཧ⪃࡞ࡿ ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ 㻝㸬ᩍဨ㓄⨨㻌 1889 ᖺࡢㅎၥጤဨ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥ ࡣᩍဨ㓄⨨ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡉࢀࡓࠋࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୍⯡ᩥᏛࡸ⛉Ꮫ࡞ࡢ㛫ㅮᗙࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࣇ ࣛࣥࢫㄒࡸࢻࢶㄒ࡞ࡢኪ㛫ㅮᗙࡀ㛤ㅮࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ 61 ࡓࡀࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࢆぢࡿ㝈ࡾࠊᑓ௵ࡢᩍ ဨࡣ࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Hartley Institution 1889: 6㸧 ࠋࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥᩍᤵ⫋ࡀ⨨ࢀࡿࡢࡣ 1900 ᖺ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡽ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ⛉┠ࡣⱥㄒྂㄒࠊ㏆ ௦ㄒࠊᩘᏛࠊ⏕≀Ꮫᆅ⌮ᏛࠊᏛࠊ≀⌮Ꮫࠊࡢ 6 ࡘ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Patterson 1962: 229-31㸧 ࠋጤဨࡀၥ㢟 ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊᑓ௵ࡢᩍဨࡀ࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ ࣂ࣮࣑࣒ࣥ࢞ࢩ࢙ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻࡢ 1889 ᖺⅬ࡛ࡢᩍဨᵓᡂࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠊࣂ࣮࣑࣒ࣥ࢞ࡣ ᙜࠊࢠࣜࢩࣕㄒࠊࣛࢸࣥㄒࠊⱥㄒཬࡧⱥᩥᏛࠊࣇࣛ ࣥࢫㄒࠊࢻࢶㄒࠊᩘᏛࠊ≀⌮ᏛࠊᏛࠊ෬㔠Ꮫࠊື ≀Ꮫཬࡧẚ㍑ゎ๗Ꮫࠊ ᳜≀Ꮫཬࡧ᳜≀⏕⌮Ꮫࠊ ⏕⌮Ꮫࠊ ᆅ⌮Ꮫཬࡧ⮬↛ᆅ⌮Ꮫࠊ᥇㖔ᏛࠊᅵᮌཬࡧᶵᲔᕤᏛࠊ ࡢᩍᤵ࣏ࢫࢺࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Mason Science College 1889: 8㸧 ࠋࡲࡓࠊࢩ࢙ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᩘᏛ࠾ࡼࡧ≀ ⌮ᏛࠊᏛࠊ⏕≀Ꮫࠊྂㄒࠊᩍᤵ⫋ࡀ⨨ࢀࠊࣇ ࣛࣥࢫㄒࢻࢶㄒࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀㅮᖌࡀࠊᩥᏛࡣࢣ ࣥࣈࣜࢵࢪᣑᙇㅮᖌࡀ࠸ࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊู⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ᢏ⾡Ꮫᰯࡶࠊ෬㔠ᏛᕤᏛࡑࢀࡒࢀᩍᤵ࣏ࢫࢺࡀ ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Firth College 1889: 14-5㸧 ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࣂ ࣮࣑࣒ࣥ࢞ࢩ࢙ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࡛ࡣࠊ 1889 ᖺࡢⅬ࡛᪤ ᩍᤵ࡞ࡢ࣏ࢫࢺࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᖖࡢᩍဨࡀ࠸ࡓࠋ ᑓ௵ᩍဨࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊ 1897 ᖺࡢ⮫ㅎၥጤဨࡢ㝿 ࡶ㆟ㄽࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊ๓㏙ࡢ࢛࢘ࣞࣥࣛ ࣦࣥࢢࡢሗ࿌᭩࠾࠸࡚ࠊྛ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢ ≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚ゐࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ED 24/81: passim㸧 ࠋ ࣐ࣥࢳ࢙ࢫࢱ࣮ࡢࡼ࠺࡞つᶍࡀࡁࡃ㈨㔠ࡶ₶ἑ࠶ ࡿእⓗ࡞࢝ࣞࢵࢪࢆ㝖࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀᩍဨࡢᩘ ⤥ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋ࠼ࡤࣂ࣮࣑ࣥ࢞ ࣒ࡢᩍဨࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫ⛉┠ࡢᩍဨᩘࡸ⤥ࡣᴫ ࡡၥ㢟ࡀ࡞࠸ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊேᩥ⛉┠ࡢᩍဨࡣ ୍ேࡢᩍᤵࡀ 2 ࡘࡢㅮᗙࢆව௵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿୖ㔜せᛮ ࢃࢀࡿᩍ⛉㸦ṔྐᏛဴᏛ㸧ࡢᩍဨࡀ࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺ၥ 㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࠊࡑࡋ࡚⤥ࡶ㠀ᖖప࠸ࡇࡀᣦࡉ ࢀࠊᨵၿࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࢩ࢙ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻࡢᩍဨࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡣࠊேᩥ⛉┠ࡢᩍᤵࡣ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊ⛉Ꮫ⛉┠ࡢ ᩍᤵࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢᏛ⏕ᩘࡸつᶍࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ༑ศ࡛࠶ ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࡇࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊࡢ ࣘࢽࣦ࣮ࢩࢸ࣮࢝ࣞࢵࢪẚ࡚ࡶᩍဨࡢ⤥ࡣ ᑡ࡞࠸ࡇࡶᣦࡉࢀࡓࠋ ᙼࡽࡢሗ࿌᭩ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡗࡓ 1897 ᖺጤဨࡣࠊࡑࢀ 62 61 イギリスにおける大学補助金諮問委員会の大学ガバナンスに関する勧告の分析 ࢠࣜࢫ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡢᏛ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ࡢศᯒ ࡒࢀࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢᩍဨࡣᩘ⤥ࡢ୧㠃࠾࠸࡚ ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢᕪࡀᩍ⫱㠃࡛ࡢᡂᯝẚࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿ㏙ࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᙼࡽࡣࠊᩍဨᩘ࠾ࡼࡧ㸭ࡲ ࡓࡣ⤥㊊ࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࢝ࣞࢵࢪᑐࡍࡿ ⿵ຓ㔠㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⿵ຓ㔠ቑ㢠ศࡢᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ 4 ศࡢ 3 ࢆࡑࡢ㊊ゎᾘࡢࡓࡵ⏝ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ὀᩥࢆࡘࡅࡓࠋ ᩍဨᩘ࠾ࡼࡧ⤥ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡉࢀࡓ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣࣂ ࣮࣑࣒ࣥ࢞ࠊ࣮ࣜࢬࠊࣀࢵࢸ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡢ 3 ᰯࠊᩍဨ⤥ ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࢩ࢙ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻࠊ࢟ࣥࢢ ࢫࠊ࣋ࢵࢻࣇ࢛࣮ࢻࡢ 3 ᰯ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ ࡣ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢ㏵ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᮲௳ࡣࡘ࡞ࡗࡓ 㸦Ibid.: 75㸧 ࠋࡇࡢ່࿌ࡣ➽࡛ㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊ1897 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 2 ᪥ࡢⶶ┬ぬ᭩ࡣࠊጤဨ࠾࠸࡚ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ⿵ຓ㔠㏵ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ 㸦ⶶ ┬ࡢ㸧ୖᙺ㐩࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ㛫࡛┦ㄯࡢᶵࢆᣢࡘࡇ ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸦Ibid.: 76㸧 ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ1889 ᖺࡢẁ㝵࡛ࠊᑓ௵ࡢᩍဨࢆᣢࡓ࡞ ࠸ࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥࡢ⿵ຓ㔠ᣄྰࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ ࠕᏛ ࣛࣥࢡࠖࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࠾ࡅࡿᑓ௵ᩍဨࡢᚲせᛶࡀ⿵ຓ 㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡼࡗ࡚ᬯᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ 1897 ᖺ࡞ࡾࠊ ࢝ࣞࢵࢪどᐹ⪅⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࠊࡑࡋ࡚⿵ຓ㔠 ࡢ᭱⤊Ỵᐃ⪅࡛࠶ࡿⶶ┬ࡣࠊ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ⣣ࡁࡍ ࡿ࠸࠺᪉ἲ࡛ࠊᩍဨࡢᩘ⤥ࡢ㠃࡛࢝ࣞࢵࢪ㛫ࡢ ᱁ᕪࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ྛ࢝ࣞࢵࢪാࡁࡅࡓࠋ 㻞㸬௦⾲㐠Ⴀ⤌⧊㻌 ḟࠊ௦⾲㐠Ⴀ⤌⧊ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣁ࣮ࢺ࣮ࣞ࢝ ࢘ࣥࢩࣝ㸦Hartley Council㸧ࡣࠊࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥࡢ၏ ୍⤯ᑐࡢពᛮỴᐃᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡾᇳ⾜㒊࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡉࡽࠊ ࣁ࣮ࢺ࣮ࣞ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝࡢࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ≉ᚩࡋ࡚ࠊタ❧ 㸦1859 ᖺ㸧 ࠊᕷ㛗㸦⫋ᶒୖࡢවົ㸧 9 ྡࡢࢱ࢘ࣥ ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᶵ㛵㸦࢝ࣞ ࢵࢪ㸧ࡢ㐠Ⴀᦠࢃࡿ⪅ࡀࡍ࡚⌧ᙺࡢ⮬యࡢ⾜ᨻ ࡢ୰ᚰ࠸ࡓ⪅㐩࡛࠶ࡗࡓⅬࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ 1889 ᖺᙜၥ㢟࡞ࡃ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓࣂ࣮࣑ ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡢᇳ⾜㒊ࡣࠊձ11 ྡࡢ⌮㸦࠺ࡕ 5 ྡࡣࢩࢸ ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝࡀ௵㸧 ࠊղᏛ㛗ࡑࡢ 7 ྡ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࡿ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝࠊճᩍᤵ 12 ྡࡽ࡞ࡿ࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ࣎ ࣮ࢻࠊ࠸࠺ᵓᡂ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋูࡢᡂຌ࡛࠶ࡿࢩ࢙ࣇ ࣮ࣝࢻࡢᵓᡂࡣࠊձ⌮㑅ฟ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡽ࡞ࡿ࢝ ࢘ࣥࢩࣝࠊղᏛ㛗 10 ྡࡢጤဨࡽ࡞ࡿࣇ࣮ࢫ࢝ ࣞࢵࢪᇳ⾜ጤဨࠊ ճᢏ⾡Ꮫᰯᇳ⾜ጤဨࠊ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࣂ࣮࣑࣒ࣥ࢞ࢩ࢙ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻࡢᇳ⾜㒊 ࡣࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝࡑࡢࡢጤဨࡸ࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ࣮࣎ ࢻࡽᡂࡿࠊ」ᒙࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡣࣂ࣮࣑ ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡸࢩ࢙ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࡞ࡣࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ๓㏙ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࣂ࣮࣑࣒ࣥ࢞ࡸࢩ࢙ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻࡢ࢝ࣞ ࢵࢪࡣ⮬య㑅ฟࡢ⌮ࡸ࢝࢘ࣥࢩ࣓ࣝࣥࣂ࣮ࡀ࠾ ࡾࠊ⮬యࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡀ῝ࡗࡓࡇࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⮬యࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ ࡢ㐠Ⴀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ព࡛ࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥࡣ ࡸࡣࡾ⊂≉࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋḟ⠇࡛ᢅ࠺ࣀࢵࢸ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡶࠊ ⮬య࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ㛵ಀࡣ㠀ᖖ㏆࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ⾲㠃ⓗࡣ」ᒙࡽ࡞ࡿỴᐃᶵ㛵ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ 1889 ᖺࡢࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥࡢ㝖እࡣࠊ ᶵ㛵ࡢ⮬ᚊᛶࡀၥ 㢟どࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ㉳ࡇࡗࡓฟ᮶࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࡔ ࢁ࠺ࠋ⿵ຓ㔠⋓ᚓ㐠ື၏୍ኻᩋࡋࡓ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࡞ࡗ ࡓࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥࡣࠊ ࠕࣘࢽࣦ࣮ࢩࢸ࣮࢝ࣞࢵࢪࠖ ࡞ࡿࡁ࡞ࡢࠊ ࠕࢸࢡࢽ࢝ࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࠖ࡞ࡿࡁ ࡞ࡢࠊỴ᩿ࢆ㏕ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࢃࡅࡔࡀࠊᙜ ࡢࣁ࣮ࢺ࣮ࣞ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝࡣࡑࡢࡇࡘ࠸࡚┿ࡣ ⪃࠼ࡎࠊ⿵ຓ㔠⏦ㄳࡸᨻᗓࡢどᐹࡢཷࡅධࢀࡼࡾࡶࡴ ࡋࢁࢸࢡࢽ࢝ࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡋ࡚ࡢⓎᒎ㞟୰ࡍࡿࡇ ࢆ㑅ࢇࡔ㸦Patterson 1962: 76-7㸧 ࠋ࢘ࢵࢬࣄࣝࡼ ࡿ࢝ࣞࢵࢪどᐹሗ࿌᭩㸦1897 ᖺ㸧࡛ࡣࠊ1873 ᖺ࡞ ࡗ࡚ᶵ㛵ࡢᇳ⾜㒊ࡢ୍㒊ࡀኚ᭦ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞ኚ ᭦ࡣ 1893 ᖺࡈࢁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ1893 ᖺ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢ㡭ࠊ͐ᶵ㛵ࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆᢏ⾡࢝ࣞࢵࢪ ྠᵝᆅ᪉ࡢࣘࢽࣦ࣮ࢩࢸ࣮࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢάືࢆ⾜࠺ ࡢ㐺ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡍࡿ࠸࠺⪃࠼ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࠊᩍ⫱࠾ࡼ ࡧᇳ⾜㒊ࡢ୧㠃࡛⦅ᡂࡉࢀࡓࠖ 㸦ED 24/82A: 123㸧ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥᏛྐࡼࡿࠊ1900 ᖺ௦ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣘࢽࣦ࣮ࢩࢸ࣮࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ㐠Ⴀ⤌⧊ ࡢἲேィ⏬ࡼࡗ࡚⌮ࠊ㐠Ⴀጤဨࠊホ㆟ࡀ タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ㸦Patterson 1962: 109㸧 ࠋ 㻟㸬ἲே᱁㻌 ḟࠊἲே᱁ࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ1901 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 31 ᪥ࣄࢵࢢࢫ㸦Higgs㸧ࡀᥦฟࡋࡓ㈈ᨻሗ࿌᭩࠾࠸ ࡚ࠊᙼࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺㏙ࠊ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆᚓࡿ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣ ἲேࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡁࡔᙇࡋࡓࠋ 62 東京大学大学院教育学研究科教育行政学論叢 第 32 号 2012 年 ᮾிᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ᩍ⫱⾜ᨻᏛㄽྀ ➨ 32 ྕ 2012 ᖺ ࠕࣀࢵࢸ࣒ࣥ࢞ࠊࢲࣥࢹ࣮ࠊࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥࠊ ࡑࡋ࡚࢚ࢡࢭࢱ࣮ࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣἲேࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࣀࢵࢸ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡢᆅࡘ࠸࡚ࡣୖ㏙ࡢࣃࣛࢢࣛࣇ 7 ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣁ࣮ࢺ࣮ࣞ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࢧ࢘ࢨࣥ ࣉࢺࣥࡢࡓࡵࡢࢳ࣮ࣕࢱ࣮ࡀ⏦ㄳࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᚋࠊ ⿵ຓ㔠ཧຍࡢ᮲௳ࡋ࡚ἲேࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀ ᮃࡲࡋ࠸ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸦Ibid.: 138㸧 ࠖ ୖ㏙ࡢࣄࢵࢢࢫࡢሗ࿌᭩ࡢ ࠕࣀࢵࢸ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡢᆅࠖ ࡣࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪᇶ㔠ࢆᐤࡋ࡚タ❧ࡋ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ ≉ู⛯ࢆㄢࡍࡇࢆᆅ᪉ἲ࡛ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓᕷ⮬య ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࣀࢵࢸ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡀ㈨㔠ࢆ౪⤥ࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࠸࠺≧ἣࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ED 24/82A: 133㸧 ࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㈈ᨻ≧ἣࡣࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪẚ࡚Ᏻᐃࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡓ࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣀࢵࢸ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡣࠊᕷ⮬యࡼࡗ࡚㐠Ⴀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡓࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠊ≉Ṧ࡞࢝ࣞࢵ ࢪ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢩ࣮ࣕࣉ㸦1968: 15-6㸧ࡣࠊ ࠕ㆟ࡢಶู ἲᚊࡢࡶࠊࢱ࢘ࣥ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝࡼࡗ࡚ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᆅ᪉⛯ᨭࡢࣀࢵࢸ࣒࣭ࣥ࢞ࣘࢽࣦ࣮ ࢩࢸ࣮࣭࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣᢏ⾡ᩍ⫱ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠖᣦ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣀࢵࢸ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡢ㐠Ⴀጤဨࡣձࢱ࢘ࣥ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝ ࡢ 13 ྡࡽ࡞ࡿጤဨࠊղ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝࡼࡗ࡚᥎⸀ ࡉࢀࡓ 5 ྡ 㸦㠀࢝࢘ࣥࢩ࣓ࣝࣥࣂ࣮㸧 ࡽ࡞ࡿጤဨࠊ ճ㺿10,000 ࢆᐤࡋࡓ Mr. Enfieldࠊմ㐠Ⴀጤဨ ཧຍࡍࡿࡇࢆㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ᭱ 4 ྡࡲ࡛ࡢᐤ⪅ࠊյ ࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ࠾ࡼࡧࢣࣥࣈࣜࢵࢪᏛࡀ᥎⸀ࡋࡓ ௦⾲⪅ࠊࡢ 5 ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡽᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦Wood 1953: 32-3㸧 ࠋᐇ㝿ࡢࡇࢁ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣࢱ࢘ࣥ࢝࢘ࣥࢩ ࣝࡼࡗ࡚ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦Ibid.㸧 ࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ㐠Ⴀ≧ἣࡣࠊ ࡢከࡃࡢ⿵ຓ㔠࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ἲேࡢ່࿌ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊࣀࢵࢸ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡣ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ ࡋ࡚ࡢສチ≧ࢆ⏦ㄳࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࣀࢵࢸ ࣒ࣥ࢞Ꮫྐ࡛ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕどᐹ⪅ࡣ͐⿵ຓ㔠ࢆศࡅྜ࠺ࡍ࡚ࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣ ἲேࡼࡗ࡚ἲே᱁ࢆᚓࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ່࿌ࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ≧ἣ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ↓どࡋ࡙ࡽࡗࡓࡑࡢᥦࡣࠊ ࣀࢵࢸ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡀ 1903 ᖺ 8 ᭶⋓ᚓࡋࡓἲேສチ ≧ࢆᚓࡿࡼ࠺ྥࡅࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᕷࡢࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟ 63 ࣝࡀࡼࡾぢ࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊໟᣓⓗ࡛࡞ࡃ࡞ࢀࡤࠊ࢝ࣞ ࢵࢪࡀࡼࡾỌ⥆ⓗ࡛⊂❧ࡋࡓᇶ┙ࡢୖ⨨ࢀࡿ࡛ ࠶ࢁ࠺ࡇࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢኚࡀ⚾ⓗឿၿࡢάᛶࢆ ಁࡍࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆᮃࢇ࡛ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᑡ ࡞ࡃࡶ⾲㠃ⓗࡣࠊࢳ࣮ࣕࢱ࣮ࡣ᭱ึࡑࡢ࢝ࣞ ࢵࢪࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡢ⊂❧ࡋࡓ⤌⧊ࢆ࠼ࡓࠋ ࠖ 㸦Wood 1953: 43㸧 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡀἲே᱁ࢆྛ࢝ࣞࢵ ࢪồࡵࡓࡇࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᆅ᪉⮬యࡽ⊂❧ࡋࡓ ⤌⧊࡞ࡿࡇࢆồࡵࡓࡇࡼࡾࠊ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㠃࡛ ࡢᨵ㠉ࢆవ࡞ࡃࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(5)ࠋ ϫ ศᯒ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㅎၥጤဨࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ ࡽࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࣂ࣮ࢲ࣮ࣝࡽࡼࡿࠊᏛࢆᑛ㔜ࡍ ࡿࠕ⦆⾪⨨ࠖࡣ␗࡞ࡿㅎၥጤဨࡢጼࡀぢ࠼࡚ࡃ ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ୰ኸᨻᗓᏛࡢ㛵ಀ࠸࠺ほⅬࡽぢ ࡿ 2 ࡘࡢⅬ࡛㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 㻝㸬⣣ࡁ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢ㻌 1897 ᖺࡢᩍဨ㓄⨨㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ࡣࠊ ᨻᗓࡀ⣣ࡁ⿵ ຓ㔠ࢆࡋࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛㔜せ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ ࡞ࡃࢠࣜࢫ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⿵ຓ㔠ࡣ୍ᣓ⿵ຓ㔠㸦block grant㸧ࡀཎ๎࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆ 5 ᖺẖࡍࡿ ࠸࠺ 5 ᖺ༢ไᗘ㸦quinquennial system㸧ࡀ᥇ࡽࢀ ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࢠࣜࢫ㧗➼ᩍ⫱◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୰ኸᨻᗓ ࡀᏛ⮬ࡢ㔜せᛶ⌮ゎࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࡺ࠼᥇⏝ ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦㤿ሙ 1968㸸37 ࡞㸧 ࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᮏ✏ࡢศᯒࡽࡶศࡿ࠾ࡾࠊᐇ 㝿ࡣㅎၥጤဨࡣᚲせᛂࡌ࡚ࡦࡶࡁ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࡀពࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ୍ᣓ⿵ຓ㔠 ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ⤯ᑐᏲࡿࡁཎ๎࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ㛫ࡢ᱁ ᕪࢆṇࡍࡿ࡞࠸ࡗࡓ┠ⓗࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊㅎၥጤဨ ࡣᰂ㌾ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ(6)ࠋ 㻞㸬୰ኸᨻᗓࡼࡿࠊᕷẸ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢᆅ᪉⮬యࡽࡢ ࠕ㈙ྲྀࡾࠖ㻌 ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ௦⾲㐠Ⴀ⤌⧊ἲே㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡽ ぢ࠼ࡿࡢࡣࠊᏛ⿵ຓ㔠㛤ጞࡢ 1889 ᖺᙜึ⊂❧ࡋࡓ 㐠Ⴀ⤌⧊ࡣồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡢᆅ᪉⮬యࡢᙉ࠸ 64 63 イギリスにおける大学補助金諮問委員会の大学ガバナンスに関する勧告の分析 ࢠࣜࢫ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡢᏛ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ࡢศᯒ ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡣၥ㢟どࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ 1901 ᖺ㡭࡞ࡿ ᆅ᪉⮬యࡢᙉ࠸ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀၥ㢟どࡉࢀࡿ ࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠊ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸᳨࡚ ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ࢘ࢫ࣮࣐࢟ࢿ࣮㸦Whisky Money㸧 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࡀྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 1889 ᖺᢏ⾡ᩍ⫱ἲ㸦Technical Instruction Act㸧 ࡼࡾࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢸ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝࡀᢏ⾡ᩍ⫱ࡢࡓࡵࡢᆅ᪉ ⛯ࢆㄢࡍࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ 㸦Sharp 1971: 31㸧 ࠋ ⥆࠸࡚ 1890 ᖺᆅ᪉⛯ἲ㸦Local Taxation Act㸧ࡀ⾜ ࡉࢀࠊ࢘ࢫ࣮࢟ㄢࡉࢀࡓ⛯㔠ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᢏ⾡ᩍ⫱ࡸ ୰➼ᩍ⫱࡚ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆ ㏻⛠࢘ࢫ࣮࣐࢟ࢿ࣮࠸࠺ࠋ࢘ࢫ࣮࣐࢟ࢿ࣮ࡣྛ ⮬యㄢࡉࢀࡓ⩏ົ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊࢇࡍ ࡚ࡢ⮬యࡀᑟධࡋࡓゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 㸦㤿ሙ1969: 28㸧 ࠋ ྛ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣࠊᆅ᪉⮬యࡽࡢຓࢆཷࡅྲྀࡾࠊࡑ ࡢぢ㏉ࡾࡋ࡚⌮ࡢᯟࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᆅ᪉⮬య ࡣ࢘ࢫ࣮࣐࢟ࢿ࣮ࢆᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ᣐฟࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ࢝ ࣞࢵࢪேᮦࢆ㏦ࡾฟࡍࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡗࡓࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ ᕷẸᏛࡤࢀࡿ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢከࡃࡀ⮬యࡽࡢே ᮦࢆᇳ⾜㒊ຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࣈࣜࢫࢺ࡛ࣝࡣࠊ 㺿2,000 ࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵᕷẸ௦⾲ࡢ 3 ྡࢆ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ⌮ ධࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦Ibid.㸧 ࠋࡇࡢࡇ ࡣࠊᕷẸ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡀᆅ᪉⮬యࡢពྥࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ࡞ࡅ ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢆពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᆅ᪉ ࡽࡢ⛯㔠ࡼࡗ࡚࢝ࣞࢵࢪ㈈ᨻࡀᨭ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡣࠊᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࡢ⮬యࡢ㈈ᨻ≧ἣ࢝ࣞ ࢵࢪ㈈ᨻࡀᕥྑࡉࢀࡿࡇࡶពࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ≉ࢧ࢘ ࢨࣥࣉࢺࣥࠊࣀࢵࢸ࣒ࣥ࢞ࠊ࢚ࢡࢭࢱ࣮ࡢྛ࢝ࣞࢵ ࢪࡣ⮬య῝࠸ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶࡾࢃࡅࣀࢵࢸ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡣࠊᕷ⮬య࢝ ࣞࢵࢪࡢ㛵ಀࡀ㠀ᖖ㏆࠸ࡇࡀࡑࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ๓㏙ࡢࣄࢵࢢࢫࡢࠕࣀࢵࢸ࣒ࣥ࢞ࡢᆅࠖࡣࠊࡑ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒࡢࡶ࡛ࡢゝཬ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡇ୍࡛ࡘὀពࡋ࡚࠾࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊࣂ ࣮࣑࣒ࣥ࢞Ꮫࡢㄳ㢪᭩ぢࡽࢀࡿ ࠕ1889 ᖺᢏ⾡ᩍ⫱ ἲࡶ 1890 ᖺ࢘ࢫ࣮࣐࢟ࢿ࣮ࡶࠊᏛࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᶵ㛵 㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ 㸦Vernon 2004: 119㸧࠸ ࠺ᣦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ㈈ᨻຓࡣࠊᢏ⾡ᩍ⫱ຓ ࡢྡࡢࡶᖺࠎቑຍࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠖ 㸦㤿ሙ 1969: 28㸧 ࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶᏛᩍ⫱࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᢏ⾡ᩍ⫱ᨭ ࠸࠺ྡ┠ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᙜᕷẸ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࡛⾜ ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᩍ⫱ࡣࠊᏛᩍ⫱ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢᢏ⾡ ᩍ⫱ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࠊከᵝ࡞ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᩍ⫱ࡀ ୍ࡘࡢᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡢ୰࡛ΰᅾࡍࡿ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏛ⿵ ຓ㔠ࡣࠊࡑࡢྡࡢ㏻ࡾᏛᩍ⫱ࢆᑐ㇟ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊᏛ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢࢆ⥅⥆࣭ᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊᢏ⾡ᩍ⫱ᑐ㇟ࡢ࢘ࢫ࣮࣐࢟ࢿ࣮ࡣዲࡲ ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ࢘ࢫ࣮࣐࢟ࢿ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚ᆅ᪉⮬యࡀ┤᥋ ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ㐠Ⴀ㛵ࢃࡿ࠸࠺≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚ࡶၥ㢟どࡉ ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡀᆅ᪉⮬ యࡢᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ୗ࠶ࡗ࡚⮬ᚊᛶࡀప࠸࠸࠺≧ែᑐ ࡍࡿᠱᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓࡢࡀᅜ ᗜ⿵ຓ㔠࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢠࣜࢫࡢᅜᗜ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡓ⸨㇂㸦1957㸧ࡼࡿࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᣦࡣ㔜せ࡞ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗࠊᑡࠎ㛗࠸ࡀࡑࡢࡲࡲᘬ⏝ࡍࡿࠋ ࠕ୰ኸᨻᗓᆅ᪉ᅋయࡢ⾜ᨻ㛵ಀ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୧⪅ ࢆ⤖ࡪ⣣ᖏࡋ࡚ࡢࠊゝࡍࢀࡤ୰ኸ⤫ไࡢᡭẁ ࡋ࡚ࡢ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢព⩏ࡣࡣ࡞ࡣࡔ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢠࣜ ࢫࡢᆅ᪉ᅋయࡣࠊ㛗࠸㛫ࢇࡍ࡚ࡢ⾜ᨻົ ࢆࡑࡢᡭጤࡡࡽࢀࠊ୰ኸᨻᗓࡢᖸ΅ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ ࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡿ⏘ᴗ㠉ᚋࡢᛴ⃭࡞♫⤒῭ ࡢኚࡣࠊࡘ࠸ᚑ᮶ࡢ࡞ᆅ᪉⮬ࡢ⥔ᣢ ࢆᅔ㞴ࡋࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛୰ኸࡢ⤫ไ┘╩ࢆᚲせ࡞ ࡽࡋࡵࡿ࠸ࡓࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣᩍ⫱࣭ᩆ㈋࣭ಖ࣭㐨 ㊰ࡑࡢྛ✀ࡢ⾜ᨻศ㔝ࢃࡓࡾࠊົࡢ⠊ᅖࡀᣑ ࡍࡿࡶࠊࡑࡢᅜᐙⓗ㔜せᛶࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࠊ ᅜⓗ࡞ど㔝ࡽࡑࡢ⬟⋡ᩧ୍ᛶࢆ☜ಖࡋࡼ࠺࠸ ࠺せㄳࡀ⏕ࢀࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ͐୰ኸᨻᗓࡼࡿᆅ᪉ ⾜ᨻࡢ⤫ไᡭẁࡋ࡚㑅ࡤࢀࡓࡢࡀᅜᗜ⿵ຓ㔠࡞ࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡇ࢙࢘ࢵࣈࡀ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ࠊ୰ኸᨻᗓ ࡣᆅ᪉㈈ᨻࡢຓࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࡲࡓᆅ᪉⛯㈇ᢸࡢ㍍ ῶࡢࡓࡵࡍࡿᅜᗜ⿵ຓ㔠ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡘࡂࡽࡘࡂ ࠊ ࠊ ࠊ ࠊ ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻࡢ⤫ไ┘╩ᶒࢆ㈙ྲྀࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦⸨㇂ 1957: 215-6ࠊୗ⥺ࡣᘬ⏝⪅ࠊ௨ୗ ྠᵝ㸧 ࠕᙼ㸦ト㸸Webb1920: 15-26㸧ࡣ⿵ຓ㔠ไᗘࡇࡑࡇ ࡢၥ㢟ࡢゎỴᙺ❧ࡘ᭷ຊ࡞ᡭẁࡳࡿࠋᙼࡼࢀ ࡤࠊ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢᏑᅾ⌮⏤ࡣࡘࡂࡢᅄⅬồࡵࡿࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ➨୍⿵ຓ㔠ࡣࠊᆅ᪉ᅋయ㛫ࡢ ㈇ᢸࡢᆒ⾮ࢆ㜵Ṇࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ➨ ⾜ᨻୖࡢ⬟⋡࠾ࡼࡧ⠇⣙ࢆ☜ಖࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚୰ኸᨻ 64 東京大学大学院教育学研究科教育行政学論叢 第 32 号 2012 年 ᮾிᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ᩍ⫱⾜ᨻᏛㄽྀ ➨ 32 ྕ 2012 ᖺ ᗓࡀ࠼ࡿᥦゝ࣭ᢈุ࣭ຓゝࢆຊ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡓࡽࡋࡵ ࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨୕⿵ຓ㔠ࡣࠊᆅ᪉⮬ ▩┪ࢆ᮶ࡍࡇ࡞ࡋࠊᆅ᪉⾜ᨻࡓ࠸ࡋ࡚୰ኸ⾜ ᨻᗇࡢඃࢀࡓ⤒㦂ࡸᬛ㆑ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ၏୍ࡢᐇ㝿ⓗ࡞ ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ➨ᅄ⿵ຓ㔠ไᗘࡣࠊᅜᐙⓗ࡞ᐖࡢ ୖࡽḞࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ㄆࡵࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻົࡢ ⬟⋡ࡢ᭱ప㝈ᗘࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣭࣑ࣝࢽ࣐࣒ࢆ ᆅ᪉ᅋయᙉไࡍࡿ၏୍ࡢᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦Ibid.: 217㸧 ᆅ᪉⮬యࡢ㛵ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀၥ㢟どࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ࡗࡓ࠸࠺1889ᖺࡽ1901ᖺࡅ࡚ࡢ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥ ጤဨࡢ່࿌ෆᐜࡢኚࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ 2 ࡘࡢព⩏ࢆᣢࡗ ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ➨୍ࠊᇶ♏ᩍ⫱࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱ྠࡌࡃࠊࡑࡋ࡚⸨㇂ ࡀᣦࡍࡿࡢ⾜ᨻศ㔝ྠࡌࡃࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࠾࠸࡚ ࡶ୰ኸᨻᗓࡢᆅ᪉⮬యࡽࡢࠕ㈙ྲྀࡾࠖࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠊ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶ࢘ࢫ࣮࣐࢟ࢿ࣮ࡣ୰ኸ ᨻᗓࡢᨻ⟇ࡋ࡚ጞࡲࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊᨻᗓࡣ ᚎࠎᅜᗜ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚┤᥋ᕷẸ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ㛵ࡍ ࡿࡇࢆᮃࡴࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⫼ᬒࡣࠊ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢ ቑ㢠ࡸᕷẸ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢᶆ‽ࡢពᅗࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿࠋ ๓⪅㛵ࡋ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ 1889 ᖺ⿵ຓ㔠ࡀ㛤ጞࡉ ࢀࡓᙜึࡣࠊ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢࡓࡿ┠ⓗࡣࠕᆅ᪉ࡢຓࢆዡ ບࡍࡿࠖࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᕷẸ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ㈈ᨻ ࡣࠊᆅ᪉ࡢ⏘ᴗ࡞ࡼࡗ࡚ᨭ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡁࡶࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ᇶᮏ⌮ᛕࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ⿵ ຓ㔠ቑ㢠ࡀྍ㑊࡞ࡾᏛ㈈ᨻ࠾ࡅࡿᅜᗜ⿵ຓ㔠 ࡢྜࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ୰࡛ࠊᆅ᪉⏘ᴗ࡞ࡽࡢຓ⮬ యࡣᘬࡁ⥆ࡁዡບࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊᆅ᪉ࡢຓࢆ⿵ࡋ ಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᅜᗜ⿵ຓ㔠࠸࠺ᙜึࡢ⌮ᛕࡣ⌧ ᐇࡑࡄࢃ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡋ࡚ࡸࠊᆅ᪉ ⮬యࡀᏛࡢ㈈※ࡢ༙ࢆᢸ࠺࠸࠺≧ἣࡣࡶࡣࡸ ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞௦ ⓗ⫼ᬒࡢࡶࠊ୰ኸᨻᗓࡣᅜᗜ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࢝ ࣞࢵࢪࡢ㛵ࢆᙉࡵ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᚋ⪅㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢἲேࡣࠊྛ࢝ ࣞࢵࢪෆ㒊ࡢ⤌⧊ࡢᶆ‽ࢆពࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ๓㏙ࡢࣂ࣮࣑࣒ࣥ࢞ࡸࢩ࢙ࣇ࣮ࣝ ࢻ࠸ࡗࡓ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ」ᒙࡽ࡞ࡿᇳ⾜ 㒊ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢྡ⛠ࡸᵓᡂࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ 65 ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡋ࡚ࡢἲே᱁ࢆᚓࡓ㝿⌮ 㸦Court of Governors㸧 ࠊ㐠Ⴀጤဨ㸦Council㸧 ࠊ ホ㆟㸦Senate㸧࠸࠺ᇳ⾜㒊ࡀ⨨ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ๓㏙ࡢ࠾ࡾࠊࢧ࢘ࢨࣥࣉࢺ࡛ࣥࡶἲே ࡢ㝿ࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪྠᵝࠊ⌮ࠊ㐠Ⴀጤဨࠊホ㆟ ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢἲே᱁ྲྀ ᚓࡢ່࿌ࡣࠊᏛෆ㒊࠾ࡅࡿ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡢᶆ‽ ࡰྠ⩏࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ➨ࠊ༢࡞ࡿ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠕᏛࠖ࠸ ࠺ࡶࡢࢆ⟶⌮࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣ୰ኸᨻᗓࡔࡅࠊ࠸࠺ᇶᮏ⌮ ᛕࡢᥦ♧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊබᩥ᭩᫂☜ グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡼࡾヲ⣽࡞ศᯒࡀᚲせ ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᕷẸ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡀᢏ⾡ᩍ⫱୰ᚰࡢᩍ⫱ࡽ Ꮫࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᩍ⫱⛣⾜ࡋࠊྡᐇࡶࠕᏛࠖ࡞ࢁ ࠺ࡍࡿ㐣⛬ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡑࡢᶵ㛵ࡀᆅ᪉⮬యᒓࡋ⮬ ᚊᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡣࡁ࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀ ࡣࠊ⌧௦ࡢࢧࢵࢳ࣮ࣕᨵ㠉ࡢ࣏ࣜࢸࢡࢽࢡࡸ⥅⥆ᩍ ⫱࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢฎ㐝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽࡶぢࡽࢀࡿㄽⅬ࡛ ࠶ࡿ(7)ࠋ Ϭ ࠾ࢃࡾ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢠࣜࢫࡢṔྐⓗ ࡞୰ኸᨻᗓᏛࡢ㛵ಀࡣ UGC ࠸࠺⦆⾪⨨࠶ ࡿ࠸ࡣၿពࡢ࢚࣮ࢪ࢙ࣥࢩ࣮ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᏛ ࡣ୰ኸᨻᗓࡽࡢᖸ΅ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࡑࡢ⮬ࢆㅻ ḷࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࠊ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋࡋ ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢศᯒࡽࡶศࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᐇ㝿ࡣ ୰ኸᨻᗓࡣᅜᗜ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ḟ➨Ꮫࡢ㛵ࢆ ᙉࡵ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ≉୰ኸᨻᗓࡀࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣᆅ᪉⮬య ࡞ࡽ⊂❧ࡋࡓ⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ᇶ‽ࢆ タᐃࡋࡓࡇࡣ⯆῝࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦ㔪ࡣࠊ୰ኸᨻ ᗓᑐࡍࡿᏛࡢ⮬ᚊᛶࢆࠕᏛࡢ⮬ࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥ ࡛ᙉㄪࡍࡿ᪥ⓗ≧ἣࡽぢࡿ㠀ᖖ㏫ㄝⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ ࡿࡀࠊᙜࡢ୰ኸᨻᗓࡣ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㠃࡛ࡶᏛᙉ࠸ ᙳ㡪ຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࡔ ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ࢆᢳฟࡋ࡚ศ ᯒࢆヨࡳࡓࡀࠊᙜࡢ୰ኸᨻᗓ̿Ꮫ㛫㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡼࡿᩍ⫱ෆᐜ 㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ࡸࠊἲே᱁㸦ສチ≧㸧ࡶྵࡵࡓໟᣓⓗ࡞ 66 65 イギリスにおける大学補助金諮問委員会の大学ガバナンスに関する勧告の分析 ࢠࣜࢫ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡢᏛ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ࡢศᯒ ศᯒࡀḞࡏ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ト ᮏ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୰ኸᆅ᪉ࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᨻ ᗓࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡓࡵࠊΰࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵពᅗⓗ୰ ኸᨻᗓ࠸࠺⏝ㄒࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋඛ⾜◊✲ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࠕᅜᐙ㸦State㸧 ࠖࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀᅽಽ ⓗከ࠸ࠋ (2) ࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊUGC ࡢⓎᒎྐࡘ࠸࡚ ヲ⣽グࡋࡓ Shinn㸦1986㸧 ࡶ ࠕᏛᚐᘵ 㸦University Apprenticeship㸧 ࠖࡢࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑ ࡢタ❧ࡢṔྐࡘ࠸࡚ῐࠎ㏙ࡿࡲࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ (3) ࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㤿ሙ㸦1969: 29-30㸧ヲࡋ࠸ࠋ (4) ᩍဨࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᩍ⫱ෆᐜࡶ㛵ࢃࡿၥ㢟࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ ࡀࠊᩍဨࡢ㓄⨨ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ࡍࡁ࡞ࡢ࠸࠺ど Ⅼࡽ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ 㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ࡳ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ (5) ࡓࡔࡋࠊᐇ㝿⮬యࡢᏛࡢ㛵ࡢᗘྜ࠸ࡀᑠ ࡉ࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࠸࠺ࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࠕᕷᙜ ᒁࡢᶒ㝈ࡣ 1903 ᖺࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸つᐃࡼࡗ࡚ࡶᖜ ࡣᙅࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠖ 㸦ࢢ࣮ࣜࣥ 1994: 136㸧࠸ࢃ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1904 ᖺ⿵ຓ㔠ㅎၥጤဨࡢどᐹሗ࿌᭩ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ ࠕࢩࢸ࢝࢘ࣥࢩࣝࡣࡲࡔᐇ㉁ⓗỴᐃⓗ ࡞ᶒጾ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ 㸦ED24/513: 93㸧ᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ (6) ࡑࡶࡑࡶࠊ୍ᣓ⿵ຓ㔠ࡶ 5 ᖺ༢ไᗘࡶࠊᐇ㝿ࡣ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱⾜ᨻศ㔝௨እ࡛ࡶࢠࣜࢫ࠾࠸࡚ぢࡽࢀ ࡿࡸࡾ᪉࡛࠶ࡿ㸦⸨㇂ 1957:89㸧 ࠋ୰ኸᨻᗓࡀᏛ⮬ ಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⿵ຓ㔠ࡢ᪉ἲࢆ㑅ࢇ ࡔ࠸࠺ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢぢ᪉ࡣṇࡋ࠸ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸ࠋ (7)࣏ࣜࢸࢡࢽࢡࡸ⥅⥆ᩍ⫱࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣᆅ᪉ᩍ⫱ᙜᒁ 㸦LEA㸧 ࡢ⟶㎄ୗ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ Ꮫ᪼᱁࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ ἲேࡋ࡚ᆅ᪉ࡽ⊂❧ࡋࡓᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡞ࡿࡁ࡛ ࠶ࡿ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡓࠋ (1) ᘬ⏝䞉ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㻌 Armitage W.H.G. Civic Universities: Aspects of a British Tradition, London: Ernest Benn Ltd., 1955 㤿ሙᑗගࠕࢠࣜࢫ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ㈈ᨻᅜᗜ⿵ຓไᗘࡢ ᡂ❧(2)̿ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢᅜᗜ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢ̿ࠖ ࠗᮾிᩍ⫱ᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲㞟㘓࠘➨ 7 㞟ࠊ 1968 ᖺࠊ29-38 㡫 㤿ሙᑗගࠕࢠࣜࢫ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ㈈ᨻᅜᗜ⿵ຓไᗘࡢ ᡂ❧(3)ࠖ ࠗᮾிᩍ⫱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊⣖せ࠘ ➨ 15 ྕࠊ 1969 ᖺࠊ27-38 㡫 㤿ሙᑗගࠕ⮬⏤⩏ㅖᅜࡢᏛၥ㢟ࠖᱵ᰿ᝅ┘ಟࠗୡ ⏺ᩍ⫱ྐ⣔ Ꮫྐ I࠘1974 ᖺࠊ318-332 㡫 Berdahl, R.O. British Universities and the State, Berkley: University of California Press, 1959 Chapman, A.W. The Story of a Modern University: A History of the University of Sheffield, London: Oxford University Press, 1955 Firth College, Sheffield. Prospectus, 1889 ⸨㇂ㅬࠗࢠࣜࢫᅜᗜ⿵ຓ㔠ࡢ◊✲࠘ἲᚊᩥ♫ࠊ 1957 ᖺ V.H.H ࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࠗࢠࣜࢫࡢᏛ̿ࡑࡢṔྐ⏕ែ࠘ Ᏻཎ⩏ோ࣭ᡂᐃ⸅ヂࠊἲᨻᏛฟ∧ᒁࠊ1994 ᖺ Hartley Institution. Report to the Borough Council by the Council of the Hartley Institution, 1889 ⛙⏤⨾ᏊࠗኚࢃࡾࡺࡃࢠࣜࢫࡢᏛ࠘Ꮫᩥ♫ࠊ2001 ᖺ Ives, E., Drummond, D. and Schwarz, L. The First Civic University: Birmingham 1880-1980: An Introductory History, Birmingham: The University of Birmingham, 2000 R.࣮ࣟࠕ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿᵓ㐀ኚື 1870-1920 ᖺࠖ D.K.࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣛF.࣮࣭ࣜࣥ࢞B.ࢧࣔࣥ⦅ࠗ⌧௦ᩍ ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᙧᡂ̿ᵓ㐀ኚື♫ⓗ⏕⏘ 1870-1920࠘ᮃ⏣ᖾ⏨┘ヂࠊὒ᭩ᡣࠊ1989 ᖺࠊ 223-46 㡫 R.ࣟ࢘ࠕࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࠾ࡅࡿ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢᣑᙇࠖK.ࣖ ࣮ࣛ࢜ࢩࣗ⦅ࠗ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢኚㇺ 1860-1930̿ᣑᙇ࣭ ከᵝ࣭ᶵゎᨺ࣭ᑓ㛛⫋̿࠘ᮃ⏣ᖾ⏨ヂࠊ ᇽࠊ2000 ᖺࠊ29-50 㡫 Marriott, S. ‘The Whisky Money and the University Extension Movement: “Golden Opportunity” or “Artificial Stimulus”?’, Journal of Educational Administration and History, Vol.15, No.2, 1983, pp.7-15 Mason Science College, Birmingham. Calendar for the Session 1889-1890, 1889 Mason University College, Birmingham. Calendar 66 東京大学大学院教育学研究科教育行政学論叢 第 32 号 2012 年 ᮾிᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ᩍ⫱⾜ᨻᏛㄽྀ ➨ 32 ྕ 2012 ᖺ for the Session 1898-1899, 1898 Moodie, G. ‘Buffer, Coupling, and Broker: Reflections on 60 Years of the UGC’, Higher Education, 12(3), 1983, pp.331-47 Patterson, A.T. The University of Southampton: A Centenary History of the Evolution and Development of the University of Southampton, 1862-1962, Southampton: University of Southampton, 1962 S.ࣟࢫࣈࣛࢵࢺࠕࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࠾ࡅࡿ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢከ ᵝࠖ K.࣮ࣖࣛ࢜ࢩࣗ⦅ ࠗ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢኚㇺ1860-1930 ̿ᣑᙇ࣭ከᵝ࣭ᶵゎᨺ࣭ᑓ㛛⫋̿࠘ᮃ⏣ᖾ⏨ ヂࠊᇽࠊ2000 ᖺࠊ123-43 㡫 The Universities and British Sanderson, M. Industry, 1850-1970, London:Routledge&Kegan Paul, 1972 Sanderson, M. ‘The English Civic Universities and the ‘Industrial Spirit’, 1870-1914’, Historical Research, 61(144) , 1988, pp. 90-104 M.ࢧࣥࢲ࣮ࢯࣥࠗࢠࣜࢫࡢᏛᨵ㠉̿1809-1914࠘ Ᏻཎ⩏ோヂࠊ ⋢ᕝᏛฟ∧㒊ࠊ 2003 ᖺ 㸦㸻Sanderson, M. ed. the Universities in the Nineteenth Century, Routledge & Kegan Paul,1975㸧 M.ࢧࣥࢲ࣮ࢯࣥࠗࢠࣜࢫࡢ⤒῭⾶㏥ᩍ⫱̿ 1870-1990s࠘Ᏻཎ⩏ோ࣭⸨Ὀ࣭⚟▼㈼୍┘ヂࠊ ὒ᭩ᡣࠊ2010 ᖺ Sharp, P.R. ‘The Entry of County Councils into English Educational Administration, 1889’, Journal of Educational Administration and History, Vol.1, No.1, 1968, pp.14-21 Sharp, P.R. ͆Whisky Money͇and the Development of Technical and Secondary Education in the 1890s’, Journal of Educational Administration and History, Vol.4, No.1, 1971, pp.31-6 Shattock, M., and Berdahl, R. ‘The British University Grants Committee 1919-83: Changing Relationships with Government and the Universities’, Higher Education, 13(2), 1984, pp.471-99 Shattock, M. The UGC and the Management of British Universities, Buckingham: SRHE and Open University Press, 1994 67 Shinn, C.H. Paying the Piper: The Development of the University Grants Committee 1919-1946, London: The Falmer Press, 1986 The National Archives, ED24/78, ED24/81, ED24/82A, ED24/513, ED54/1 University of Sheffield. Calendar, 1906 Vernon, K. ‘Civic Colleges and the Idea of the University’, in M. Hewitt, (ed.) Scholarship in Victorian Britain (Leeds Working Papers in Victorian Studies), 1998, pp.41-52 Vernon, K. ‘Calling the tune: British universities and the state, 1880-1914’, History of Education, 30(3), 2001, pp.251-71 Vernon, K. Universities and the State in England: 1850-1939, London: RoutledgeFalmer, 2004 Webb, S. Grants in Aid: A Criticism and a Proposal, new ed., London: Longmans, 1920 Wood, A.C. A History of The University College, Nottingham 1881-1948, Oxford:B.H. Blackwell, 1953