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カトマンズ渓谷の伝統的集落ブンガマティの変容と 脆弱性の - R-Cube
Ṕྐ㒔ᕷ㜵⅏ㄽᩥ㞟 Vol.3㸦2009ᖺ6᭶㸧 ࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬ㇂ࡢఏ⤫ⓗ㞟ⴠࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸࡢኚᐜ ⬤ᙅᛶࡢቑ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ Transformation Processes and Increasing Disaster Vulnerability of the traditional settlements of Bungamati in Kathmandu Valley ࣟࣄࢺ࣭ࢪࢢࣖࢫ1ࠊᯈ㇂┤Ꮚ2㸦∵㇂┤Ꮚ㸧ࠊᮤ ᫂ၿ2ࠊ┈⏣වᡣ1ࠊᒣ㷂ṇྐ3 Rohit Jigyasu, Naoko Itaya Ushitani, Myungsun Yi, Kanefusa Masuda, Masafumi Yamazaki 1❧㤋ᏛṔྐ㒔ᕷ㜵⅏◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᩍᤵ㸦ࠛ603-8341 ி㒔ᕷ༊ᑠᯇཎ⏫58㸧 Professor, Research Center for Disaster Mitigation of Urban Cultural Heritage,Ritsumeikan University 2❧㤋ᏛṔྐ㒔ᕷ㜵⅏◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ≉ู◊✲ဨ㸦ࠛ603-8341 ி㒔ᕷ༊ᑠᯇཎ⏫58㸧 Senior Research Fellow, Research Center for Disaster Mitigation of Urban Cultural Heritage,Ritsumeikan University 3 ❧㤋Ꮫᩍᤵ ⌮ᕤᏛ㒊㒔ᕷࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᕤᏛ⛉㸦ࠛ525-8577 ㈡┴ⲡὠᕷ㔝㊰ᮾ 1-1-1㸧 Professor, Ritsumeikan University, Dept. of Civil Engineering This paper takes up the case of Bungamati, a traditional village in Kathmandu Valley, and aims to grasp the relations between the situation of built fabric, the land use, economic base and social system. The analysis realized the increasing physical vulnerability because of the divisions of the dwellings among successive generations and various additions and alterations. This situation has developed due to various factors such as the transformation of land use due to an inflow of urban capital, the weakening of the local economic base and the malfunctioning of the traditional social system, which can possibly control the changes. Key Words : Vulnerabilities , Transformation Processes, Ttraditional Settlements in Kathmandu Valley 㸯㸬◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ┠ⓗ ࠶ࡿ♫ࡀᏑ⥆࡛ࡁࡿ࠺ࡣࠊ♫ⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗࠊᨻⓗࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᐀ᩍⓗ࡞ࠊᖖ㉳ࡇࡾᚓࡿ᪂ࡋ ࠸≧ἣࠊࡑࡢ♫ࡀᑐᛂࡋኚࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿ࠺ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋኚᐜࡣࠊඖ᮶ࡍ࡚ࡢ♫ ഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿືែⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ኚᐜࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ኚᐜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ኚᐜࡣࠊேࠎࡢពᛮỴᐃࡢ✚ࠊ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞ヨ⾜㘒ㄗࡢ⤖ᯝᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤒㦂ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ♫㐍 ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚᐜࡣࠊ♫ࡀᣢࡘ⧄⣽࡞┦㛵ಀࢆࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁᙉࡍࡿࡶࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ♫ᑎ➼Ṕྐⓗᘓ㐀≀ࡸఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᕤἲ࡛ࡘࡃࡽࢀࡓఫᒃ➼ᘓ㐀≀⩌ࠊᡭᕤᴗ➼࡛⏕ࡳฟࡉ ࢀࡿ⨾⾡ᕤⱁရࠊ⚍♩➼↓ᙧࡢᩥⓗ⾜Ⅽ࡞ࡀ୍య࡞ࡗࡓᩥ㑇⏘࡛࠶ࡿࠊࣜࣅࣥࢢ࣊ࣜࢸ࣮ࢪࢆయ⌧ ࡍࡿṔྐ㒔ᕷࡸఏ⤫ⓗ࡞㞟ⴠࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣ㇏࡞ᩥⓗࢹࣥࢸࢸࡢ※Ἠ࡛࠶ࡿྠ ࠊ⅏ᐖᑐࡍࡿᙉࡉࢆࡶ⛎ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᆅ㟈ᖏୖ࠶ࡿṔྐ㒔ᕷࡸఏ⤫ⓗ࡞㞟ⴠࡣࠊᛴ⃭࡞㒔ᕷࡸேཱྀቑຍ࡞ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓኚ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᆅ㟈ࡼࡿ⿕ᐖࢆཷࡅࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢿࣃ࣮ࣝ㐃㑥Ẹඹᅜࡢୡ⏺㑇⏘ ͆࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬ㇂͇ࡢᏑࡍࡿ࢚ࣜࡣࠊୡ⏺㑇⏘͆ྂ㒔ி㒔ࡢᩥ㈈㸦ி㒔ᕷࠊᏱᕷࠊὠᕷ㸧͇ࢆࡣࡌ ࡵࡍࡿ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ㑇⏘ྠᵝࠊ῝้࡞ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖࡀ㏆࠸ᑗ᮶Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿணࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᕪࡋ㏕ࡗࡓᆅ 㟈ࡽᩥ㑇⏘ࢆᏲࡿࡓࡵࡢᑐ⟇ࢆᛴࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ඹ㏻ࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊᆅ㟈ᖏ 1 −195− ୖ࠶ࡿṔྐ㒔ᕷࡸఏ⤫ⓗ㞟ⴠ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ㟈ᑐࡍࡿ⬤ᙅᛶࡢቑࠊࡑࡢᮏ㉁ⓗ࡞ኚᐜ㐣⛬ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ ࡽࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣ࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬ㇂࠶ࡿࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸࡢ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࢿࣃ࣮ࣝࡢఏ⤫ⓗ㞟ⴠ♫ࡢኚᐜ ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࠊᘓ㐀≀ࠊᅵᆅ⏝ࠊ⤒῭ᇶ┙ࠊ♫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡽศᯒࡍࡿࡇࢆヨࡳࡿࠋࡇࡇࡽࠊࢿࣃ࣮ࣝ ෆᅾࡍࡿ⅏ᐖࡼࡿ⬤ᙅᛶࡢቑࡢせᅉࡘ࠸࡚▱ぢࢆᚓࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ 㸰㸬ࢿ࣡ࣝ᪘ࡢఏ⤫ⓗ㞟ⴠࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸ ࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬ㇂ࡣࣄ࣐ࣛࣖᒣ⬦ࡢ〈㔝⨨ࡋࠊ25km×19km ࡢࡁࡉࢆᣢࡘᴃ≧ࡢ┅ᆅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⣙ 5000 ᖺ๓ࡣ†࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ15 ୡ⣖୰┙௨㝆ࠊ1769 ᖺࣉࣜࢫࣅ࣭ࢼ࣭ࣛࣖࣥࢩ࣮ࣕࡼࡗ࡚⤫୍ࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛ࠊ ࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬ㇂ࡣࠊ࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬࠊࣃࢱࣥࠊࣂࢡࢱࣉ࣮ࣝࡢ 3 ࡘࡢ㒔ᕷᅜᐙࡀ࠸⦾ᰤࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸࡣࠊᪧ㒔ࣃࢱࣥࡢ༡す⣙ 5km ࡢୣ㝠㒊⨨ࡍࡿேཱྀ⣙ 5,000 ேࡢࢿ࣡ࣝ᪘ࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞㞟ⴠ ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 1,2㸧ࠋࢿ࣡ࣝ᪘ࡣࠊࢿࣃ࣮ࣝࡢせẸ᪘ࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡁࢃࡵ࡚㇏࡞ᩥⓗఏ⤫ࢆᣢࡘࠋ ࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸࡣࠊࢿ࣡ࣝ᪘ࡀಙ௮ࡍࡿࣄࣥࢻ࣮ᩍࡢ⚄ࠊࣛࢺ࣮࣭࣐ࢳ࢙ࣥࢻࣛࢼ࣮ࢺࡢൔ㝔ࢆ୰ᚰᗈࡀ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 3㸧ࠋ 㞟ⴠࡣ㸴ࡘࡢᆅᇦඹྠయࡢᆅ༊ศࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 4㸧ࠋྛᆅ༊ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᆅᇦࡢ࣮࢝ࢫࢺࡸ᐀ᩍⓗ ♩࡞ࢆᫎࡋࡓඹྠయᅛ᭷ࡢᘓ㐀≀ࡸࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᆅ༊ࡀᣢࡘ✵㛫ⓗ⠊ᅖࡣࠊಶ ูࡢ≉ᚩࡼࡾぢศࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᆅᙧ࡞౫ᣐࡍࡿᘓ≀ࡢᙧែࡸࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ㠃 ࡋࡓᘓ㐀≀ࡢᙧែ࡞࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⾤㊰ࡣࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞⚍♩ࡸᘧࡢ㝿ࡢ⾜ิࡢ㏻ࡾ㐨࡞ࡿ㸦ᅗ 5㸧ࠋఏ⤫ⓗࠊࡇࡢᮧࡢඹྠయࡣࠊ࢝ ࣮ࢫࢺไᇶ࡙ࡃ♫ⓗ࡞᱁ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᇶᮏⓗఫẸࡣ㎰ᴗ࡛⏕ィࢆ❧࡚࡚࠾ࡾࠊᴗࡣ࣮࢝ࢫࢺᛂࡌ࡚ ࡾᙜ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮧࡢ୰࡛ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿఏ⤫ⓗ࡞♫ⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗࠊ᐀ᩍⓗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊఱୡ⣖ࡶࢃࡓ ࡗ࡚⮬⤥⮬㊊ⓗ࡞♫ࢆᣢ⥆ࡉࡏ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢ㞟ⴠࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿᇶ┙ࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ᆅ༊ෆ㒊ࡣᆅᇦඹྠయᒃఫࡍࡿୡᖏࡀඹྠࡋ࡚ᡤ᭷ࡍࡿࢭ࣑ࣉ࣮ࣛ࣋ࢺ࡞୰ᗞ࡛࠶ࡿࢳ࣮ࣙࢡࡸࠊࢢ ࢸࡢᅵᆅ࡞࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࢆࡋ࡚⤖ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢢࢸࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࣮࢝ࢫࢺ㞟ᅋࡼࡿᅵᆅ ࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞⟶⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿࠋᆅᇦඹྠయࡢᒃఫ⪅ࡣࠊ㎰ᆅࡸ㞟ⴠෆࡢᅵᆅࢆඹྠᡤ᭷ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇ ࡇࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ㎰⏘≀ࡢ┈ࢆࡶࠊᆅᇦඹྠయࡢ᐀ᩍ♩࡞ࡢάືࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࢢࢸࡣࠊࡇࡢࢩࢫࢸ ࣒ࢆᣦࡋࠊࢢࢸࡢᅵᆅࡣࠊᆅᇦඹྠయࡢάືࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ㈨㔠ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍඹ᭷ࡢ㎰ᆅࡸࠊᆅᇦඹྠయࡀ⟶⌮ ࡍࡿൔ㝔ࣂࣁ࣭ࣂࣄ࡞ࠊࢭ࣑ࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࡞࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࢆᣦࡍ㸦ᅗ 6,7㸧ࠋ 㸱㸬ᘓ㐀≀ࡢኚᐜ ࢿࣃ࣮ࣝࡢఏ⤫ⓗ㞟ⴠࡣᵝࠎ࡞⏝㏵ࡢᘓ㐀≀ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊබඹⓗ࡞ఇ᠁ᡤ࡛࠶ࡿࣃࢸࠊỈ౪⤥ タ࡛࠶ࡿࣄࢵࢸࠊఫᏯࠊၟᗑࠊసᴗሙ࡞࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢇࡢఏ⤫ⓗᘓ㐀≀ࡣ⤌✚㐀࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㞄ࡾྜ࠺ᘓ ≀ྠኈ࡛ቨࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸࡢఏ⤫ⓗఫᒃᘓ⠏≀ࡣࠊ࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬᓙ㇂ࡢࡢᆅᇦࡢࢿ࣡ࣝ᪘ࡢ ᐙᒇྠᵝࠊቨࡣࣞࣥ࢞ࢆ✚ࡳࠊᒇ᰿ࡣᮌ㐀ᑠᒇ⤌ࡢୖ⎰ࢆᩜ࠸ࡓ 3 ᒙࡽ 4 ᒙࡢᘓ㐀≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢇ ࡢሙྜࠊ1 㝵ࡣᗜ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᗑࡸసᴗሙࡋ࡚ࠊ2 㝵ࡣᐷᐊࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊୖᒙ㝵ᒃ㛫ྎᡤ⚄ᗙ ࡀ⨨ࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ 8㸧ࠋ ࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬ㇂࡛ࡣᆅ㟈ࡀ㠀ᖖከ࠸ࠋ1810 ᖺࠊ1833 ᖺࠊ1866 ᖺ࠾ࡼࡧ 1934 ᖺࡇࡢᆅᇦࡣ◚ቯⓗ࡞ᆅ 㟈ぢ⯙ࢃࢀࡓࠋ1934 ᖺࡢᆅ㟈࡛ࡣࠊ㇂ෆ࠶ࡗࡓᘓ㐀≀ࡢ࠺ࡕ 20 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࡀಽቯࡋࠊ40 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ ࡀᦆയࡋࡓ㸰㸧ࠋ ከࡃࡢᘓ≀ࡣᆅ㟈ࡢ⿕ᐖࢆపῶࡍࡿᕤኵࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊእቨᖹ⾜ᤣ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ୰ᚰ㒊ࡢᰕิ ࡢᆒ➼࡞Ⲵ㔜㓄ศࠊᗋ∧ࡢ᰿ኴࡢ㓄⨨㸦ᅗ 9㸧ࠊ㛤ཱྀ㒊ࡢ㔜ᯟ㸦ᅗ 10㸧ࠊഴᩳࡢࡘ࠸ࡓᒇ᰿ࢆᅛᐃࡍࡿᴂ ࡢ⏝㸦ᅗ 11㸧࡞࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡣ࠸࠼ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ⊂❧ࡋࡓ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡤࡽࡤࡽഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡇࡶከ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡍ࡚ࡢᘓ㐀≀ࡀࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᘓ⠏ୖࡢ≉ᚩࡢ⣼✚ⓗ࡞ຠᯝࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࠊ⤫ྜⓗ࡞⪏㟈 ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸱㸧ࠋ ᖾࡋ࡚⌧ᅾࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᐙᒇࡣ㐺ษ⥔ᣢ⟶⌮ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍᆅ㟈ᑐࡋ࡚⬤ᙅ࡞ࡿࡶ ࠊẁ㝵ⓗ࡞⪁ᮙࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊࢿ࣡ࣝ᪘ࡢ┦⥆ไᗘࡀែࢆᝏࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ┦⥆ไᗘ 2 −196− ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ୍ࡘࡢᐙᒇࡀᘵࡸᐙ᪘ࡢ㛫࡛ࠊࡲࡎ⦪ศࡉࢀࠊḟࡁࢃࡵ࡚ྜ⌮ቑ⠏ࡸቑᗋࢆࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡃ㸦ᅗ 12,13,14㸧ࠋ⤖ᯝⓗᵓ㐀ୖࡢᏳᐃᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᆅ㟈ࡼࡿỈᖹ᪉ྥࡢຊࡀຍࢃࡗࡓሙྜ ಽቯࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡࡣ⏒࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ㏆ᖺቑຍࡍࡿ RC 㐀ᘓ㐀≀ࡣࠊᘓ⠏ᢏ⾡⪅ࡸ㒔ᕷィ⏬ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡞ࡢᏳᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ᳨ウࢆ ⤒ࡎࠊ⤒㦂๎ࡼࡗ࡚ᘓ㐀ࡉࢀࡓ㈋ᙅ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿୖࠊఏ⤫ⓗ㞟ⴠᘓ㐀≀ࡢ㧗ࡉࡸᙧែࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊᬒ ほࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 15,16,17㸧ࠋ ᅗ 1 ఏ⤫ⓗ㞟ⴠࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸࡢ⨨ 1) ᅗ 2 ࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸᬒ 䖃䝷䝖䞊䞉䝬䝏䜵䞁䝗䝷䝘䞊䝖䛾ൔ㝔㻌 ᅗ 3 ᆅໃ 1) ᅗ 4 ᆅᇦඹྠయ 1) ᅗ 6 ࢭ࣑ࣉ࣮ࣛ࣋ࢺ࡞୰ᗞ࡛࠶ࡿࢳ࣮ࣙࢡ ᅗ 5 ⚍♩ࡢ⾜ิࡢ࣮ࣝࢺ 1) ᅗ 7 ࢭ࣑ࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࡞࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ 3 −197− ᅗ 8 ࢿ࣡ࣜ᪘ࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᐙᒇ᩿㠃㸲㸧 ᅗ 9 ᗋ∧ࡢ᰿ኴࡢ㓄⨨ 㸱㸧 ᅗ 10 㛤ཱྀ㒊ࡢ㔜ᯟ 㸱㸧 ᅗ 11 ᒇ᰿ࢆᅛᐃࡍࡿᴂࡢ⏝ 㸱㸧 4 −198− ᅗ 12 ఏ⤫ⓗ㞟ⴠᘓ㐀≀ࡢ᩿㠃 ᅗ 13 ᭱ୖ㝵ࡢኳ㧗ࢆୖࡆࡿ㸱㸧 ᅗ 14 ࣮ࣝࣇࢺࢵࣉࢸࣛࢫࡘࡅࡿ㸱㸧 㸱㸧 ᅗ 15 㐃⥆❧㠃ᅗ ୖ 1968 ᖺ ୗ 1998 ᖺ 1) ᅗ 16 RC 㐀ᘓ㐀≀ࡢศᕸ 1) ᅗ 17 ㈋ᙅ࡞ RC 㐀ᘓ㐀≀ 㸲㸬ᅵᆅ⏝ࡢኚᐜ 㞟ⴠࡑࡢ࿘㎶ࡢኚᐜ㐣⛬ࢆࠊࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡࡢᏛ⏕ࢳ࣮࣒ࡼࡗ࡚ㄪᰝࡉࢀࡓ1968ᖺࡢᮧࡢ≧ἣ㸦Alstrup et.al. 1968㸧ࠊⴭ⪅ࣟࣄࢺ㺃ࢪࢢࣖࢫࡀ⾜ࡗࡓ1998ᖺࡽ2001ᖺࡅ࡚ࡢㄪᰝࡢ㝿ࡢ≧ἣẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ ࡛ศᯒࡍࡿ㸦Jigyasu 2002㸧ࠋ 1968 ᖺ㡭ࠊࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸࡢ㞟ⴠࡢእഃࡣࠊ㎰⪔ᆅ᳃ᯘᅖࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋୣ㝠ᆅࡢ༙ࡣࠊ㞟ⴠඖ ࡽఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡓேࠎࡼࡗ࡚ᡤ᭷ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᮧẸࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢᅵᆅ࡛㎰ᴗࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡇࡽࡢ⏕⏘≀࡛ࠊ㞟ⴠ ࡣ⮬⤥⮬㊊ⓗ࡞⏕άࢆᣢ⥆ࡉࡏ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࢁࡀࠊ1998 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ 30 ᖺ㛫࡛ࠊᅵᆅࡢᡤ᭷⪅ࡀࡁࡃኚࡋ ࡓࠋ㎰⪔ᆅࡣࠊ࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬࡸࣃࢱࣥ࡞㒔ᕷ㈨ᮏࡼࡗ࡚㈙ࡉࢀࠊఫᏯࡸࢤࢫࢺ࣭ࣁ࢘ࢫ࡞㌿⏝ࡉࢀ ࡓࠋ㈋ࡋ࠸ᆅඖẸࡣࠊ㨩ຊⓗ࡞౯᱁ࢆᥦ♧ࡉࢀࢀࡤᅵᆅࢆᡭᨺࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺≧ἣࡀ㢖Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1990 ᖺࠊ ࣃࢱࣥࡢᐤᐟไᏛᰯࡀࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸࢥ࣮࢝ࢼ㸦㞄࠶ࡿఏ⤫ⓗ㞟ⴠ㸧ࡢ㛫ࡢ⫧Ỻ࡞ᅵᆅࢆ⣙ 8.4ha ㈙࠸༨ ࡵࠊᕧ࡞ᰯ⯋ࢆᘓタࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᏛᰯࡢ࿘㎶ࡢᅵᆅࡣࠊᒃఫ┠ⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣၟᴗ┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵ㌿⏝ࡉࢀ ࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࠊ➹⪅ࡽࡀゼࢀࡓ 2008 ᖺ 9 ᭶Ⅼ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢഴྥࡣࡼࡾ㢧ⴭ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸ࿘ ㎶࡛ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷ㈨ᮏࡼࡿ㛤Ⓨᅽࡼࡾࠊ⮬⤥⮬㊊ⓗ⏕άࡢᇶ┙ࡀᦂࡽࡂࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ 5 −199− 㸳㸬㞟ⴠෆ㒊ࡢኚᐜ ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ㞟ⴠࡢෆഃࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᆅᇦඹྠయࡢάືࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢁࡀࠊࣉ࣮ࣛ࣋ࢺ࡞࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿఫẸࡀᡤ᭷ࡍࡿ⳯ᅬ࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ࡳࡿࠊ␗࡞ࡿ≧ἣࡀ ࠶ࡿࠋᐙ᪘ࡢつᶍࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠊࡲࡎᐙᒇࡀᘵࡢ㛫࡛ᆶ┤᪉ྥศ┦⥆ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ๓㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ఫᒃࡣࠊ୍㝵సᴗሙ➼ࠊࡑࡢୖࡢ㝵ᐷᐊࠊ᭱ୖ㝵ྎᡤࢆᤣ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ࠊᆶ┤ ⓗᶵ⬟ศࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀ㝈⏺㐩ࡍࡿࠊቑᗋࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ࠊᆅ㟈ᑐ ࡋ࡚⬤ᙅ࡞ࠊ⣽㛗ࡃ⫼ࡢ㧗࠸ᘓ㐀≀ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊศࡋ࡚┦⥆ࡉࢀࡓ㒊ศࡢࡳᘓ᭰࠼ࡿࡇ ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀࠊ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ᵓ㐀ⓗ⤖ࡋ࡞࠸Ᏻᐃ࡞ᘓ㐀≀ࡀṧࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ቑᗋࡀ㝈⏺㐩ࡍࡿࠊᗘࡣ⳯ᅬ⏝ࡢᅵᆅᐙࡀᘓ࡚ࡽࢀࠊᒃఫ┠ⓗ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ ࡣࠊ㞟ⴠࡢᗈࡀࡾࡸඹ᭷ࡢᅵᆅࡣ⚍♩ࡢ⾜ิࡢ࣮ࣝࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ⾤㊰ࡸᆅᙧࡼࡗ࡚⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ ᩜᆅෆ㒊࡛ࡣࠊᘓ࡚ワࡲࡾࡀ㐍⾜ࡋࡓࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ18,19㸧ࠋ ࡇࡢࡇࡣࠊᆅ༊ࡢ⬤ᙅᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿせᅉ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢿ࣡ࣝࡢఏ⤫ⓗ ࡞㞟ⴠ࠶ࡿࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡࠊࢭ࣑ࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡࠊࢭ࣑ࣉ࣮ࣛ࣋ࢺ࡞࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࡣࠊᆅ㟈Ⓨ⏕➼ࡢ⥭ᛴ 㑊㞴ࡢ㝿㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋఫẸࡣᬑẁࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࢆࠊ᐀ᩍୖࡢάື࡞ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࡀⓎᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㐣⛬࠾࠸࡚ࠊᆅ㟈ࡽࡢ㑊㞴ࡀព㆑ࡉࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛ ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬ㇂ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅ㟈ࡢከ࠸ᆅᇦ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᴟࡵ࡚ษ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⚍♩ࡢ㝿ࡢ࣮ࣝࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ⾤㊰ࡣࠊᒃఫ✵㛫ࡢቃ⏺ࢆᐃࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣୡ௦ࢆ ㉸࠼࡚ࡰኚࡏࡎṧࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣ㎰ᆅࢆಖㆤࡍࡿࡇࡶ୍ᙺ㈙ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⤖ᯝⓗᆅᇦ⤒῭ ࢆᏲࡾࠊఫẸࡢ⫋ᴗᇶ┙ࢆᏲࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ᅗ 18 1968 ᖺࡢᘓ㐀≀ᐦᗘ 1) ᅗ 19 2002 ᖺࡢᘓ㐀≀ᐦᗘ 1) 㸴㸬⤒῭ⓗᇶ┙ࡢኚᐜ ࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸ㞟ⴠࡢᛴ㏿࡞㏆௦ࡣࠊ㞟ⴠఫࡴேࠎࡗ࡚ࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞⮬⤥⮬㊊ࡢ⏕άࢆᅔ㞴ࡋࠊ⮬ ศࡓࡕࡢᮍ᮶ࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇࢆྍ⬟ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࡞ཎᅉࡣࠊ㞟ⴠࡢఫẸࡢ⤒῭ⓗᇶ┙ࡀஈࡋ࠸ࡇ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᆅᇦඹྠయࡢ≉ᐃᒙ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㈋ᅔࡀቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ せ⏘ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿ㎰ᴗࡣࠊࢿ࣡ࣝᩥࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸࡢ※Ἠ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㍯సࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ࡛ࡶᐇ㊶ࡉࢀ ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ✄ࠊᑠ㯏ࠊࢪࣕ࢞ࣔࠊ࢚ࣥࢻ࢘ࠊࢺ࢘ࣔࣟࢥࢩࠊ㇋ࠊ࢝ࣛࢩࠊࢳ࣭ࣜ࣌ࣃ࣮࡞ࡀ᱂ᇵࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㣗⏝௨እࡶࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࡶࡢࢆసࡿࡓࡵࢃࢀࡿࠋ⡿ࢆࡗࡓ≉Ṧ࡞ࣅ࣮ࣝࠊ࢝ࣛࢩࢆࡗ ࡓࢿ࣡ࣝ≉᭷ࡢ࣡ࣥࡸࠊ⡲࡞ࡢ᪥⏝㞧㈌ࡀసࡽࢀࠊ⫧ᩱࡸ⇞ᩱࡶ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ࢚ࢥࣟࢪ࢝ࣝ࡞⏕ άᵝᘧࡣᮧࡢⲡᮇࡽኚࢃࡽࡎṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ㎰ᴗࡣࡍ࡛ࠊඈࡅࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡏࡿ⫋ᴗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋಶࠎࡢᐙ᪘ࡢつᶍࡣ⫧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㎰ᴗ⏕⏘≀ࢆࡿࡇ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡿ┈ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡘࡘࠊṧࡾࡢ ⮬ᐙᾘ㈝ศ࡛ᐙ᪘ࢆ㣴࠺ࡇࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 6 −200− ࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࣮࢝ࢫࢺࡣᴗࡋ࡚⢭Ἔࠊ⣳⦼ࠊᶵ⧊ࡾࠊ〇㠉࡞ᵝࠎ࡞⫋ᴗࡀࡾᙜ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢከࡃࡀᗫࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ⤒῭ⓗ᱁ᕪࡀᣑࡋࠊ㈋ᅔᒙࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍ㈋ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞⫋ᴗᇶ┙ࡢẁ㝵ⓗ࡞ᔂቯࡶࠊ⫋ᴗࢆኚ࠼ࡿேࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1998ᖺࡢㄪᰝ㸯㸧࡛ࡣࠊ30ṓ ௨ୗࡢᮧẸࡢ⣙60㸣ࡀࠊᮌ᙮ࡾࡸ㔠ᒓ⣽ᕤ࡞ࡢఏ⤫ⓗᡭᕤᴗࢆࡋ࡚ほග⏘ᴗᚑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃ ࡗࡓࠋᮧࡢ࣓ࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣜࢺἢ࠸ࡢᒃఫ࢚ࣜࡣࠊᮌ᙮ࡾࡢẸⱁရ➼ᡭᕤᴗ〇ရࢆࡿၟᴗ࢚ࣜᛴ㏿ ኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋṧࡾࡢⱝᖺປാ⪅ᒙࡢከࡃࡶࠊᮧࡢእࠊ≉࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬࣃࢱࣥ࠾࠸࡚➨3ḟ⏘ᴗᚑ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋほග⏘ᴗࡢ㌿ࡣࠊࡢࡇࢁᮧẸ┈ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊᙼࡽࡢࢇࡣ ពࢆࡇࡽࡋࡓ〇ရᑐࡍࡿṇᙜ࡞ᑐ౯ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௰㈙ேࡀὶ㏻ࡢ㐣⛬ᅾࡋࠊ ᆅᇦ♫ࢆ≛≅ࡋ࡚┈ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓᚑ᮶ࠊ⏿ᐙᗞ࡛ᑓᴗⓗാ࠸࡚ࡁࡓዪᛶࡓࡕࡣࠊࡸࠊ ⤧Ẩ⧊ࡾ࡞ࡢ⌧㔠ධࢆక࠺⫋ᴗᚑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡓ࠸ࡋ࡚⤒῭ⓗ࡞㊊ࡋࡣ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࡍ࡛㐣 ປ≧ែ࠶ࡗࡓᙼዪࡓࡕᑐࡋ࡚ఱࡽⰋ࠸⤖ᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ 㸵㸬♫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢኚᐜ ⌧⾜ࡢᅵᆅ⏝ࡢ㌿࡞ࠊ㒔ᕷ㈨ᮏࡼࡿ㛤Ⓨᅽࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿ♫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࠋ ఏ⤫ⓗࠊࡇࡢᮧࡢඹྠయࡣࠊ࣮࢝ࢫࢺไᇶ࡙ࡃ♫ⓗ࡞᱁ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ2001ᖺㄪᰝ ࡣࠊ㞟ⴠෆࡢᅵᆅᡤ᭷ᶒࡢ⛣ືࡶࠊ♫ⓗศ㞳ࡀᔂࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࠊ␗࡞ࡿ࣮࢝ࢫࢺࡢேࠎࡀ⾜ືࢆඹ ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸ࿘㎶࡛ࡣࠊ㔞ࡢᅵᆅࡀከᵝ࡞ࢢࢸࡢࡶ࡛⟶⌮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᅵᆅࡢ⟶⌮ࢩࢫࢸ ࣒࡛࠶ࡿࢢࢸࡢᅵᆅࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢ࣮࢝ࢫࢺ㞟ᅋࡀࠊ㞟⣙ⓗᡤ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᅵᆅࡣࠊඹ ྠయࡼࡗ࡚᐀ᩍⓗᘧࡸ⚍♩ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊྠ㎰ᴗࢆ㏻ࡌࡓᣢ⥆ⓗ࡞⏕άࡢᇶ┙ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ ㈨⏘࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ≉⅏ᐖࡣ౯್࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊᨻᗓࡀࢢࢸࡢᅵᆅࢆ⟶⌮ࡋ㎰⏘≀ࡢ┈ ࢆ㖟⾜㡸ࡅࡿ࡞ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ᨻ⟇ࡀᡴࡕฟࡉࢀࡿࡘࢀࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞♫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣᚎࠎᔂቯࡋࠊ㞟⣙ࡉࢀ ࡓᅵᆅࡣࡾฟࡉࢀࠊᚎࠎኻࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢢࢸࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᅵᆅࡢ⟶⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡋ࡚ࡢຊࡀࡺࡗࡃࡾ ࡋࡋ☜ᐇపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢢࢸ௦ࢃࡿࡢࡀࠊᆅ᪉ᮧⴠ㛤Ⓨጤဨ㸦VDC㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࢿࣃ࣮ࣝᨻᗓࡢຊࡣᙅࡃࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞ࣞ࣋ ࡛ࣝࡢពᛮỴᐃࢆࡍࡿ༑ศ࡞ᶒຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ㛤Ⓨィ⏬࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㒔ᕷ㈨ᮏࡢࢺࢵࣉࢲ࢘ࣥᆺࡢࣉ ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡣࠊ㞟ⴠࡢேࠎࡢពᛮࡣ⾜ࡁሙࢆኻࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋఏ⤫ⓗ㞟ⴠࡢᛴ㏿࡞ኚᐜ㐣⛬ࡣࠊⲡ ࡢ᰿࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝᐇ⾜ࡉࢀࡿຠᯝⓗ࡞ィ⏬⟇ᐃᡭẁࡼࡗ࡚ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡉࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᆅඖࡢேࠎࡣࠊ ᣢ⥆ⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎࢆ☜࡞ࡶࡢࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⮬ࡽពᛮỴᐃࢆࡋࠊᨻ⟇ᥦ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿᡭẁࢆᚓ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ 㸶㸬⤖ㄽ ࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬ㇂࠶ࡿࢿࣃ࣮ࣝࡢᆅ᪉ⓗᩥࢆᣢࡘఏ⤫ⓗ㞟ⴠ♫ࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸ࠾ࡅࡿኚᐜࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ᪤ㄪᰝࢆࡶࡳ࡚ࡁࡓࠋఏ⤫ⓗᘓ㐀≀ࡢኚᐜࡸᅵᆅ⏝ࡢኚᐜ࡞ࡣࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ♫ⓗኚᐜྍ ศࡢ㛵ಀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢኚᐜࡀ⬤ᙅᛶࡢቑࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୗせ⣙ࡍࡿࠋ ఏ⤫ⓗ㞟ⴠࡢኚᐜࡢ≧ἣ ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞⤌✚㐀ᘓ㐀≀ࡣࠊ⤌✚㐀ᘓ㐀≀⮬యࡀᡤࡢࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᣢࡘணࡉࢀࡿ⪏㟈ᛶࡢ㊊ࠊࡲࡓ⥔ ᣢ⟶⌮ࡢ㊊⪁ᮙ㉳ᅉࡍࡿ⬤ᙅᛶࢆಖᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ⤌✚㐀࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ᮌ㐀࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠊఏ⤫ ⓗᘓ㐀≀ࡀ୍⯡ⓗᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀຍ࠼࡚ࠊࢿࣃ࣮ࣝࡢሙྜࠊᐙᒇࢆ⦪ศࡋ࡚┦⥆ࡍࡿ័⩦ ࡀၥ㢟ࢆ῝้ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋቨࡸᰕ⨨࡞ᵓ㐀㓄៖ࡏࡎศࡋࠊ┦⥆㒊ศࢆᘓ᭰࠼ࡿࡇࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊ༴㝤 ࡞ᘓ㐀≀ࡀฟ⌧ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊேཱྀቑక࠺ቑ⠏せồࡣࠊᩜᆅ࿘㎶ࡢ⳯ᅬ➼ࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࢆ㣧ࡳ㎸ࡳࠊ 㞟ⴠෆࡢᘓ㐀≀ᐦᗘࢆୖ᪼ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㏆ᖺ⌧ࢀࡓ RC 㐀ᘓ㐀≀࡛ࡣᑓ㛛ᐙࡸᢏ⾡⪅ࡼࡿ㐺ษ࡞タ ィࡸᕤࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊᰕ࡞㌣యࡀ㈋ᙅ࡛࠶ࡿୖࠊࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺࡢᙉᗘࡀฟ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ≀⌮ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃࡛ࡢ⬤ᙅᛶࡀቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 7 −201− ⬤ᙅᛶࡢቑࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡣ⤒῭ⓗᇶ┙ࡢኚᐜ㉳ᅉࡍࡿࠋ㒔ᕷ㈨ᮏࡀ㎰ᆅࢆ㈙ࡋࠊᇶᖿ⏘ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿ㎰ᴗࡣᡴ ᧁࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋእ㒊ࡽධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ≀㈨౫Ꮡࡋ࡚⏕άࢆ㏦ࡿୡᖏࡢᩘࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓேཱྀࡀቑຍࡋࠊ ቑࡍࡿ㟂せࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊ㈋ᅔࡀຍ㏿ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣࡲࡓࠊከࡃࡢఫẸࠊせ࡞⫋ᴗⓗᇶ┙ ࢆ㎰ᴗࡽほග⏘ᴗ㌿ࡍࡿࡇࢆᙉ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋほග⏘ᴗࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊྰᛂ࡞ࡃᕷሙ⤒῭ࡢ ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ ࡚࠸ࡃࡀࠊ┈ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋኚᐜࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍ᭱ࡶࡁ࠸ᙳ㡪ࡣࠊ㞟ⴠࡀఱୡ⣖ࡶࢃࡓࡗ࡚⥔ᣢࡋⓎᒎࡉࡏ࡚ ࡁࡓ㞟ⴠෆᅾࡍࡿ⏕ែ⣔ࡶゝ࠺ࡁ⮬⤥⮬㊊ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢẁ㝵ⓗ࡞႙ኻ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⌧ᅾ㐍⾜୰ࡢኚᐜ㐣⛬ࡀࡇࡢࡲࡲ⥅⥆ࡋࡓ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸࡣᑗ᮶ࠊᛴ㏿࡞㒔ᕷࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᑠᴗ ྥࡅࡢᅵᆅ⏝ࡀᣑࡋࠊࡑࢀ㝶ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ᘓ㐀≀ࡀᡭᙜࡓࡾḟ➨ᘓタࡉࢀࠊ㏻ࡢΰ㞧⎔ቃở ᰁࡀ㐍⾜ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡢࡇࢁࠊࡇࡢὶࢀᢠࡍࡿࡣࡎࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞♫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿࢢࢸࡣᙅయࡋࠊ ࡇࢀኚࢃࡿᆅ᪉ᮧⴠ㛤Ⓨጤဨ㸦VDC㸧ࡣ༑ศ࡞ᶒຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ≀⌮ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃࡛ࡢ⬤ᙅᛶࡣࠊ⤒῭ ⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ♫ⓗ࡞⬤ᙅᛶྍศቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ᚋࡢㄢ㢟 ⌧ᅾࠊࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸࡣᅵᆅ⏝࡞ࡢ㌿ࡸࠊᘓ⠏≀ᙧែࡢኚᐜ➼ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ᪑⾜⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣࠊ ࡇࡢ㞟ⴠࡣࠊ࠸ࡲࡔ≉᭷ࡢᘓ⠏ᵝᘧ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡣࢿ࣡ࣝ᪘ࡢ ⏕άᵝᘧࢆ♧ࡍࣂ࢚ࣛࢸ㇏࡞᪥ᖖࡢάືࢆ⾲㇟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㏆௦ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᙉࡃཷࡅࡘࡘࡶࠊࡢࡇࢁ ఏ⤫ⓗ♫ࡀᔂቯࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᩿ࡌࡿࡲ࡛ࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅ᪉ⓗ࡞ఏ⤫ⓗ♫ࡣࠊእ㒊ࡽࡢᅽຊᑐࡋ࡚ࡲࡍࡲࡍ⬤ᙅ࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࠊ ࡁࢃࡵ࡚㇏࡛㧗ᗘ࡞Ⓨᒎࢆ㐙ࡆࡓࣈ࣐ࣥ࢞ࢸࡢᩥ㑇⏘ࡢᏑ⥆ࡀ༴ᶵࡉࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡍ࡚ࡢពᛮỴᐃࢆࠊᒃఫ⎔ቃࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ᮍ᮶ࡴࡅࡓࠊᖜᗈࡃࠊ᫂☜ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓ┠ ᶆᇶ࡙࠸࡚ୗࡍࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ♫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉㒔ᕷࡢ┦౫Ꮡⓗ࡞ᙺࢆᐃ⩏ࡋࠊ ఏ⤫ⓗ▱㆑ᇶ┙ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᘓ⠏ࡸ㒔ᕷᕤᏛࡢ㐺ษ࡞᪂ࡋ࠸ᢏ⾡ࢆⓗ☜ᑟධࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᅵᆅࡢ⟶⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⿵ࡍࡿ㞟ⴠᆅ༊ࡢಖ⟶⌮ィ⏬ࢆ⟇ᐃࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣜࣅࣥࢢ࣊ࣜࢸ࣮ࢪࡢಖᏑ㜵⅏ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡾࠊᘓ㐀≀ࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞ಖᏑࢆ㉺࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ 1) Jigyasu, R. ‘Reducing Disaster Vulnerability through local knowledge and capacity’, Dr. Eng. Thesis, Trondheim: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2002. 2) Bjonness, H.C. and Corneil, J. “Urban Ecological Planning and Revitalisation: A new frame of mind in Planning Education in Developing Countries” published in UNCRD’s Journal; Regional Development Dialogue, Nagoya, Japan, Vol. 19, No. 1, Spring 1998 3) Tiwari, S.R. “Traditional Architecture of Kathmandu Valley – responsiveness to earthquake through empiricism”, presented for discussion in ‘Architectural considerations are Seismic Design of Buidlings’, April 8-12, 1998. 4) Ranjitkar, R. “Heritage Homeorner’s Preservation Manual, Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Site” conceptualized by UNESCO Bangkok and UNESCO Kathmandu, UNESCO 2006. 8 −202−