...

Orientational transitions in block-copolymer melts under shear flow

by user

on
Category: Documents
36

views

Report

Comments

Transcript

Orientational transitions in block-copolymer melts under shear flow
Orientational transitions in block-copolymer melts under shear flow
Morozov, Alexander Nicolaevitch
IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to
cite from it. Please check the document version below.
Document Version
Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
Publication date:
2002
Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database
Citation for published version (APA):
Morozov, A. N. (2002). Orientational transitions in block-copolymer melts under shear flow: a theoretical
study [S.l.]: [S.n.]
Copyright
Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the
author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).
Take-down policy
If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately
and investigate your claim.
Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the
number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.
Download date: 30-03-2017
! " #
% & ' (*) '
+ , . /1032547682/19;:=<?>A@/1BDCFE
$
IG HKJ7LNMPOPQSRUTSLVQSWXHZY7[NQ\Y]J^QS_PMPO`OPLaLNRcbPQdJe[NQSfPHZQSOgcbPQ\hiHZYkjlbPQImQdJ^QSMPYUjlbon;pPpqQSMr;nsMXOPQ
tuQSOPQ\RkvwnsMxOPYUQzyIRU[{nsMxHZY^n|J^HZQ}rNLaLNRemQdJ^QSMPYUjlbon;pPpqQSvZH~kW`yIMPOPQ\RkT\LaQ\W€‚t}mƒy3„†…
‡?ˆ]‰NŠ3‹xŒt}ˆŽ‘’‡u‹Vˆ”“?ˆ”“•–‡ey‘tuˆ—t•3’t
! " #
$
% & ' (*) '
+ , . /1032547682/19;:=<?>A@/1BDCFE
’˜ RkLVQd™šYUjlbPRkHK™›J
JUQ\RerNQSRUWœRUH~k[NHZMP[r;nsMbPQdJuOxLVjdJ^LNRUnNn;J?HZMžOxQ
mŸHZYkWœ_PMPOPQ3Q\M tn;JU_P_PR]¡cQdJ^Q\MxYUjlbonspxpqQSM
nNnsM`OPQ3‡?H¢~kWœYU_PMxHKrNQSRUYkHKJ^QSHKJu•‘RULNMxHZMP[NQSM
LNp`[NQST£ns[Ar;nsM`OPQ
‡?Q\jdJ^LNRu¤¥ns[sMPHK¦ojS_PY\§oOxR\…’G…=¨c…=‰x…=©7LNYUYkjlbPQ\RS§
HZM`bPQdJ}LNpqQSMœfonNnsReJ^Q‘rsQ\RUOxQ\OPHK[NQ\MLNp
raRUH~kOons[`ª¬«z™šQ\fxRU_onsRkH®­s¯N¯{­
Lshª£°P…±ª¬«z_P_PR
OPLaLNR
²´³\µ}¶·¸º¹»µ‘¼¾½¿£À?Ái³\·zµu¿SÃÀ7Ä Å Ái¼ÁiÆ}Á–Â
[NQ\f8LNRkQ\MLNp»­;Ǎ~k_xvZHȪ£É{ÊsË
JUQ3yIOPQ\YkY^nx§qyIQ\WœR^n\ÌÍZMPQ
Î ¼ÁÐÏ ÁÑÃÈÁ쵑Ò?Ó
ÔÖÕלØÚÙ{۞Üu×Û¥ÝÞۛßIۛàáÛIâäã5לã8åIÜuæVãqå
ÔÖÕלØÚÙ{۞Üu×Ûèç—×ۻߍۛéêۚëÛíì ÛIî}×xï’ïçñð{ã
ò µIÁžÁi¼’¹»µ‘³£¿£¸»óiÒÚÀ?ÁiÏ Ï ¿£ÒÚÒÚ¿\µiÓ
ÔÖÕלØÚÙ{۞Üu×Û¥ô'ۑâºã5܍ãïõ?ö
ÔÖÕלØÚÙ{۞Üu×Û éêÛF÷xãqåÖâä×{ç”åIø’ã
ÔÖÕלØÚÙ{۞Üu×Û éêۚÝÞۑî}לã5܍×{ç—ùPøFæVØå
ú|û â$üþý1åFõIÿ ÿ ã5× ý ý
!"#"$&%('*),+-$.+/01243&56%(7878-689!:;*8=<($&'>?@3'($
-'($&%*)>9BAC7-.%(D=*'E"$&%F3'($ -'($&%*)>GIHJKL$4NMOHP$&%(QRSTM-UD
HP<*LV"$&%WM&QHPV'($#)$$N<>9
X
9ZY*T*'(1=.'
["\
[\0\
² À]ž¸»Á_^³\µI¹»óÐÏ µI¸žÃÚÒ
ˆJ}HZYeh!`XOP_xJa`nsMxO pPvKQ£nsYk_PRUQIJULiJUbonsMPWÐJ^bPQ‘™šLNvKvZL1¡?HZMP[zpqQSLNpPvZQb
¤ ``“®Q£nsjlbPQSR\§8˜RULs™—…’t}HZjSLNvwcn `褥nsvZLsh_PT\b5§x™šLNReHZM{JURULaOP_Pj\HKMP[ÑhiQ–JULÑJ^bPQ‘¦oQSvZO`Ls™®J^bPQed
LNRkQSJ^HKj£nsv5pPfb `VYkHZjSY\§8nsvZv8J^bPQ–OPHKYUjS_PYUYkHZLNMPYunsMPOž™šRkHZQ\MxOPYUbPHKp …
¤ `ºYk_PpqQSRkraHZYkLNR\§®˜RUL;™—h… gnsMxY–¨=RUnNnsH~kQs§5™šLNRYkJ^HKh_PvZn;J^HKMP[XhiQJ^Lè¦oMxOþYkHZhipPvZQDjQ iVpPvw6n d
Mon;JUHZLNMxY?nsMPOYUbonspxHZMP[A!h `СFcn ``Ls™®J^bPHKMPWœHZMP[x…
GIR\=
… kuMPOP8R nQ l mqrNQSvZHKMPOPL1raYUfW `N§F™šLNRinärNQ\oR `pPRULaOP_PjdJ^HKrsQ jSLNvZvZnsf8LNR^n;JUHZLN.M bžhÐLNY]JiLs™JUbPQ
¡7LNRUWèHKMžJ^bPHKYFJ^bPQSYUHZY?LNRkHZ[NHKMon;JUQ\OžQ\H±J^bPQSRe™šRULNh bPHZYeHKOPQ£nsY?LNRF™šRkLNh+Ls_PR?OPHZYkj\_PYkYUHZLsMPY\…
˜RULs™—…?•‘vZQSMPM ¨=RkQ\OPRkHZjlWœYULsM §8™šLsR}eQ iVpPvwnsHKMPHZMx[ihiQ3YULNhiQ‘J^Q\jlbxMPHZj\nsvÈn;YUp8Q\jSJUYLs™ÈbPHZY?po6n d
p8Q\R?LNMžJ^bPQ–LNRkHZQSMœJ^n;J^HKLNMonsv8J^RUnsMPYUH±J^HKLNMPY\…
˜RULs™—… ‡}LsfPH¢~kM©cRU_PHKMPYUhÐnx§Ñ™šLNROPHZYkj\_PYkYUHKMP[ J^bxQ ©cR^n;T\L1raWaYkHZHihÐLaOPQSviOx_PRUHKMP[ JUbPQ
YU_xhÐhiQ\pR d”YUjlbxLVLNhv qU¨o_PMPOonshiQ\M{J^nsve˜RULNfxvZQ\hiYHKM ‹œJln;JUHZYkJUHZj\nsvF˜fb `aYUHZjShY rtsäHZuM kv±J^QSMaf8Q\Rk[
€ •‘Q\RkhXn;TM `x„†§=­s¯N¯xªs…
¨oR^nsMPYFr;nsM g}LVQSYUQ\ví§x™šLNRebPQSvZpPHKMP[ÑhiQJ^LARUQ\nsvZHKT\QJUbon;JeJUbPQ–LNRUHKQ\M{Jln;JUHZLNMPnsvqRkQ\YkpqLNMxYUQ–Ls™
J^bxQÐbPeQ ixns[NLNMon;vpPbonsYkQXHZY–Ls™ v x€ wNyl„d…XˆuOPHZOMPLsJDnsjlWœMPL1¡?vKQ\OP[NQÐHKJ–HKMþ!h `»pP_PfPvKHZj£n|J^HZLsMPY\§
nsMPOˆ’™šQ\Q\v n;YUbonshiQ\O5… “ebPnsMPVW `NLs_ §=¨oR^nsMP{Y z
˜RULs™—…È©cLVQSvZQ ©cRUnNnsWœYUhÐnx§;™šLsRbPHKYbxQ\vZp3¡?HKJUbzQ\vKvZHKpxJ^HKjnsMPOfb `ap8Q\RU[sQ\LNhiQSJURUHZj’™š_PMPjdJ^HKLNMPY\…
˜RULs™—|… kuvZeQ iPn;MPOPQ\R m n;JUL¬raYkTW `s§5˜RkLs™—}… guQSRUhÐnsM ©cQ\RkQ\MPOPYkQ\M §5nsMPO¥GIR\…F©7Q\RUW g}Q\YUYS§8™šLsR
YkJUHZh_xvwn;JUHZMP[OxHZYUjS_PYUYkHZLNMxY\…
˜RULs™—… kvZnsM¤¥nsRkW=§P™šLNR?bPHZYebPLsYUpPH±JlnsvKHKaJ `ÐOP_PRUHKMP[A!h `èY]Jlcn ``HZM•‘RULsMPHZMP[sQ\M …
‰Nnsj\jSLЋVMPLaQ\H¢~kQSR\§x¤¥nsRkHwnsMPMxQ–•–Ls_œ¡–§PnsMP5O gn;MPYe¨oR^nNn;H¢~kQs§œ™šLNR J^R^n;MPYUvZn;J^HKMP[z!h `XtuQSOPQ\pR d
vwn;MPOPYUQD‹xn;hÐQSMœr;n;JkJ^HKMP[P…
kuvZQjixnsMxOPQ\R
["\J\0\
\~
՞ïÈ×N÷ØÙi÷-€IめؒלøFƒ×œãqæVãqå7÷xã5Ü ç”å ÷-€uç”æ÷-€ãqæaç”æ, ïæSƒõ…„†”ç”æ8€IãqÜ ïæ ªN…>kD… t3…8¤ LNRULsT\L1r8§‡kz…¢Ž…RmqrNQSvZHKMPOPL1raYUWf`nsMPO¥‰x… •Ñ… ?… ¤þ…=¨oR^nsnsH¢~kQ
ˆ|‰eŠP‹jŒ‡PŽ0ŠPŒRŽ‘’‡“Ž”D‹IJ‰•ŽŒ”jŠ0ŠPŒ”IŠŒQ“‡‹I“‡‹•–TŽD—8ŒRŽ‘8’‡“Ž”D‹hp˜CŽ5™ŠJš›‘œDŸž;ŸŸ’‡‘¡ ¢
£ ‹j‰ £ ‹j‘¡
¤-ŒR™8‹j‰t”Ÿ“‡‹¥Ž‰*¦>§
˜bfa` Y\…7‡}Qdrq… e§R¨8© €‚°œ„†§PpPp … °Pª¬­N«D”d °PªDNª ­V§o­s¯s¯N¯
­V…>kD… t3…8¤ LNRULsT\L1r`nsMPO¥‰x… •A… e… ¤þ…=¨oRUnNnsH¢~kQ
« “Ž”D‹¬šj‹Ÿ“Ž­DŠP¤8‰!p˜¬š›‘œDŸžVŸŸ’‡‘¡ £ ‹j‰ £ ‹j‘¡x”_§(Š“®Ž‰¯š›Š0‰•Ž‰e °Ž‰ŸŸ“8Ša‹ŸjJ¤-‰±‹
‰x…8gcbPQSh …’˜fb `aY\… ©R©f²€ «s„d§PpPp5…c­|°œ«N6­ d—­;°{Ë{«V§x­s¯N¯Vª
ªx…>kD… t3…8¤ LNRULsT\L1r`nsMPO¥‰x… •A… e… ¤þ…=¨oRUnNnsH¢~kQ
« “Ž”D‹šj‹Ÿ“Ž­DŠP¤8‰p˜°‰eŠŒ8—,™ŠJš›‘œDŸž,ŸŸ’‡‘¡ £ ‹j‰ £ ‹j‘¡{ŠŒ³‹¥´›¤-Š‘¡ŠJš›‰eŠ¤ £ ŽŒR™Q¤-ŒR™8‹j‰
”Ÿ“‡‹¥Ž‰
¤¥n;j\RULshÐLNvKQ\jS_PvZQSY\§µ² € «N„†§PpPp …?ª¬«s­sːld ª1«N­sÇx§x­s¯N¯xª
°P…>kD… t3…8¤ LNRULsT\L1r`nsMPO¥‰x… •A… e… ¤þ…=¨oRUnNnsH¢~kQ
¶ ±‰ Ÿ“8Ša‹Ÿj0¤8‰±‹>ŠŒc¦¤‡‹jŒ.Ÿ‹Œ·x“‡‹…‰eŠP‹jŒ‡¸ŽJŠPŒRŽ‘’‡“Ž”D‹>šj‹Ÿ“Ž­DŠP¤-‰…p˜x“‡‹ ¶t¹ š›‘œDŸž¢
ŸŸ’‡‘¡ £ ‹j‰ £ ‹j‘¡x”
¤¥n;j\RULshÐLNvKQ\jS_PvZQSY\§µ² €]ª¬Ês„d§PpPp5…7ËVªDsª °”d ËxªD{ª ÊV§x­s¯N¯Vª
«V…>kD… t3…8¤ LNRULsT\L1r8§‡kz…¢Ž…RmqrNQSvZHKMPOPL1raYUWf`nsMPO¥‰x… •Ñ… ?… ¤þ…=¨oR^nsnsH¢~kQ
º Œc¦¤‡‹jŒ.Ÿ‹>p˜»ŸŒc¼Œ.‹ £ ‹jŒ‡Œ·“‡‹»‰jŠP‹jŒ‡PŽJŠPŒRŽ‘D’‡“Ž”D‹ZJ‰•ŽŒ”jŠ0ŠPŒ”ZŠŒ½x“‡‹‘Ž £ ‹j‘¡¢
‘Ž‰’‡“Ž”D‹Cp˜¬Ž;š›‘œDŸž°ŸŸ’‡‘¡ ‹j‰ ‹j‘¡
¤-ŒR™8‹j‰”Ÿ“‡‹¥Ž‰(¦>§
˜bfa` Y\…7‡}Qdrq… e§R¨² € «N„†§o¯{«Vª1Çs£ ¯¾ªx§=­s£ ¯s¯xª
Ëx…>kD… t3…8¤ LNRULsT\L1r`nsMPO¥‰x… •A… e… ¤þ…=¨oRUnNnsH¢~kQ
|ˆ ‰eŠP‹jŒ‡PŽ0ŠPŒ”½p˜C“‡‹h‘Ž £ ‹j‘‘Ž‰>’‡“Ž”D‹°p˜@š›‘œDŸžŸŸ’‡‘¡ £ j‹ ‰ £ ‹j‘¡”h¤8ŒR™8‹j‰·D”DjŠ‘‘Ž¢
a‰e @”Ÿ“‡‹¥Ž‰(¦>§
‹V_xfPhÐH±JUJUQ\OžJ^Li˜bfV` YS…c‡?QSr8… 
~
þ $
¿CÀ‡Á \JÂÃ"ćŠÀ Å6\xÄRÃ
Æ ÃRÅDÇ6ÄÈÉNÂÅ6\xÄRÃ
‡}QSvZQdrsn;MPj\Q‘Ls™ÈfPvZLajlWXjSLNp8LNvK`ahiQ\RUY?n;YunÑMPQd¡ÞJa`apqQ–Ls™hÐn;J^QSRUHwn;vZYž…3…D…3…D…
¨ÈvZHKpPpPHKMP[zpPbxQ\MPLNhiQ\MxLNM…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
Oixp8Q\RkHZhiQ\M{Jln;v5J^QSjlbPMPœH ʜ_PQSYê…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
‹V_PhihXn;•R `ÐLs™ÈeQ iVpqQSRUHZhiQ\M{J^nsvRUQSYU_Pv±J^Y …D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
OixpxvwnsMon|J^HZLsM`n;JUJUQ\hipxJ^Yu…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
yI_xJ^vKHZMPQIL;™JUbPHZYFJUbPQ\YkHZY …D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
© Ë{Ì ÉN\0ÍJ\xÎǐ\JÉÏ ÐOÑ À‡Á›Ò Î Ò Ñ À [\JÄRÉ"Ç
ªN…±ª Ô Q\HZfxvZQ\R¯Õ YFJUbPQ\LsR•`´…3…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
ªN… ­ gFnsvZjS_Pvwn|J^HZLsMèLs™®J^bPQD•–ns_PYUYkHwnsM`jSLNRURkQ\vwn|J^HZLsM虚_PMPjSJUHZLNMxY …3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
ªN…Öª gFnsvZjS_Pvwn|J^HZLsMèLs™ÈnApxbonsYUQ3OPHZns[NR^n;h …3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
ªN… ° ug HK[NbPvK`fd fPR^nsMxjlbPQ\O`fPvKLVjlWÐj\LNp8LNvKa` hiQ\RkYI…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
ªN… « tuLNM8]d •–ns_PYUYkHwnsMžY]Jln;JUHZY]J^HZjSYz…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
ªN… Ë ¨ÈvZ_xjSJ^_Pn;J^HKLNMXJ^bxQ\LNRo` …3…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
ªN…×k GIHwns[sR^nshihXn|J^HZjeJUQ\jlbPMPHKœÊ _PQօD…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
ªN… © gFnsvZjS_Pvwn|J^HZLsMèLs™OPHwns[sR^nshiY …D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
ªN… g yIM`JUbPQ‘r;nsvZHKOPHKJaÐ` Ls™®J^bPQ–YUQSj\LNMxO-”d bon;RUhiLNMPHZj–n;pPpPRULcVi HZhÐn;JUHZLNMЅD…–…3…D…3…D…
ªN… G gcLVQjiØ j\HZQSM{J^Y»Ù …3…3…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
ªN…  gcLNRURkQ\vZn;J^HKLNMX™š_PMPjdJ^HKLNMPYe™šLNR?nÑRUHKMP[ …3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
ªN… ¨ gFnsvZjS_Pvwn|J^HZLsMèLs™®J^bPQ{oÚ _PjdJ^_on|J^HZLsMHKM{J^Q\[sR^nsve…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
Û Ü Ñ Ò Í À Ï Ò Í0Í À Ç@ÐÑ À‡Á¯Ò ÉÃNÈ Ò Ç Á Å ÒTÀ È"Ý Á Ñ ÒTÀ Ç°ÞÄ-ß
­V…±ª ©FnsYkHZj‘Q›œÊ _on|J^HZLsMPY …3…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
­V… ­ ‹aJ^RkLNMP[d YUbPQ\nsReRUQS[NHZhiQх3…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
­V…Öª g»a` OPRkLVOa` Mon;hÐHKj‘Q¯qá Q\jSJUYA…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
­V… ° gcRULNYkYod L¬rsQ\R?™šRULNh YUhÐnsvZv?Úd JULivZnsRU[sQj”d YkbPQ£n;ReR^n;JUQ‘fqQSbon£rVHKLN_PR`…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
­V… « mQ\nsW¾”d YkbPQ£nsR?RkQ\[NHKhÐQ …3…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
­V… Ë ’nsRUvè` YkJ^ns[NQSY}L;™ÈpPbPnsYUQ3YUQSponsR^n|J^HZLsM#…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
­V…×k GIQ\RkHKr;n;J^HKLNMèLs™®J^bxQD¨oLNWœW;Q\Ro”d ˜vwnsMPjlWXQ›œÊ _on;JUHZLNMޅ3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
­V… © gc_Ph_PvZnsM{J?QjVi ponsMxYUHZLsM …D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
[\0\
©
ª
ª
­
ª
Ë
«
Ó
ª¬­
ª£°
ª1Ë
­Vª
­NÊ
­sÉ
ª{«
ª{Ê
°{¯
°œ­
°N°
°N°
²&à
°{Ç
«Vª
«N­
«N«
«sÇ
«sÉ
Ë{­
Ës°
~"\J\
âã>ä.åZæä.åOç
­V… g ¤ QSJUbPLaO Ls™jlbonsRUnsjSJUQ\RkHZYkJUHZjSY…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D… {Ë «
­V… G a‹ J^Rk_PjSJU_PRUQ‘™‚nsjdJ^LNR?n|J?bPHZ[Nb`YkbPQ£nsR}R^n|J^Q\Yꅖ…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D… NË Ë
µ Ü Ñ Ò Ñ Ò ~ Àè Ä4à À Í|ÐÑ ÀÁ›Ò ÉÃNÈ Ò Ç Á Å ÒTÀ ÈÝ Á Ñ ÒTÀ ÇVÞÄ-ß
xª …±ª G`aMon;hÐHKj‘(Êa_Pn;J^HKLNMPY …D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
xª … ­ ‹aJ^RkLNMP[dYUbPQ\nsRef8Q\bon£raHZLN_xRþ…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
xª …Öª mQ\nsW¾d”YkbPQ£nsR?f8Q\bon£raHZLs_PR …3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
xª … ° gcLNMPjSvZ_PYkHZLNM…D…3…3…3…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
² Æ ÃÞOÉ Ò ÃNÂ Ò Äé5Ï,ÄRÍ Ò ÂfÉNÍ À Ç À ǐÑN\xÅ Ò ÂÅ6É"Ç Ò ÄRÃEÅ6Ñ Ò Äǐ\ Ò ÃRÅ À Å6\xÄRà À ÍhÐÑ ÀÁ›Ò
Î Ò Ñ À ["\xÄRÉNÇ
°P…±ª ˜ÈnsRUnshiQSJ^QSR}þw rsQ\RUYk_PYhiLNvKQ\j\_xvwnsRcnsRUjlbPH±J^QSjSJ^_xRUQօ3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…
¨4à
ËNÇ
ÊVª
ÊN«
ÊNÊ
àÓ
sÊ É
P° … ­ gcLNMPjSvZ_PYkHZLNM…D…3…3…3…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D… ÇNÉ
ê Æ Ã ÞOÉ
\0Ã#Å6Ñ
Ò ÃNÂ Ò Äéh¾ÄRÃë*Ã Ò Ï Ò Ã4ÅìÄRÃíÅ6Ñ Ò ÄRǐ\ Ò Ã4Å À Å6\xÄRà À ÍÐOÑ À‡Á›Ò ÅDÇ À à Á \Å6\JÄRà Á
Ò Í À Ï Ò Í0Í À Ç@ÐOÑ À‡Á›Ò
Ó©
ˆ”M{JURULaOP_PjSJUHZLNM …3…3…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D… Éxª
Ga` MonshiHZjIQ¯Êa_Pn;J^HKLNMPYê…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D… ɾª
©
7d nsMPO g
d J^R^n;MPYUH±J^HZLsMPY …D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…ª1¯s¯
GIHZYkj\_PYkYUHZLsML;™JUbPQ–pPbonsYkQ3OxHwns[NRUnshn;MPO gcLNMPj\vK_PYUHKLNM …D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…ª1¯Vª
(aÊ _xHZvZHKfPRUHK_Ph hÐQ\nsM-d ¦oQ\vKO`JUbPQ\LsR•ž` Ls™YU_xRk™‚nsjSQj”d HKMPOP_PjSQ\OpPbonsYkQDYkQ\pon;R^n;JUHZLNM ª1¯sË
«V…±ª
«V… ­
«Vօ ª
«V… °
«Vׅ k
«V… © Ž nsRUHKLN_PYF[sQ\LNhiQSJURUHZQSY…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…ª1¯sÇ
¨ î Ç \ Ò Ã4Å À Å6\xÄ4à Á Äé»ÅDÑ Ò Í À Ï Ò ÍJÍ À Ç@ÐOÑ À‡Á›Ò ÉNÃÈ Ò ÇVÄ Á Âf\JÍ0Í À ÅDÄÇDÝ Á Ñ ÒTÀ Ç°ÞÄ-ß ©R©8µ
Ëx…±ª G`aMonshiHZjIQ¯Êa_Pn;J^HKLNMPYe™šLNReLNYkj\HZvKvwn;JULNR•`iYkbPQ£nsRЅD…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…ªNªcª
Ëx…×k ¨ÈvZ_xjSJ^_Pn;J^HKLNMèHZM{JUQ\[NRUnsvڅ3…D…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…–…3…D…3…3…D…3…D…3…3…D…–…3…D…3…D…ªNª£É
à ï \ Á ÂfÉ ÁcÁ \xÄRà À ÃNÈ=ð¬ÄRÃNÂfÍ0É Á \xÄ4Ãñò¬Ñ4Ý Á \0 À ÍNÐO\JÂÅ6É"Ç Ò ÄéZÅ6Ñ Ò Äǐ\ Ò Ã4Å À Å6\xÄ4à À Í
©Û©
ÅDÇ À Ã Á \xÅD\JÄRÃ Á
¿ \JÎÍJ\JÄ è Ç À ÐOÑRÝ
©-µ©
âRã}ä&å
æä&åç
~"\0\J\
âïæaç—ùáåØÚ÷=ï ÷Vç—Øå
ó
ô
@ô õ
ú §‡û
ü{ý
þ
ÿ
€0Ì „
€ Ç „†§®€ Ç „
Ã
§
õ [
ý
€ q„
ø
w
'
( )/+
ö
ù
4
>
5
7
+
þ
€ Ç „d§ + € „cLsR
+.=
sn hipPvZH±J^_POxQLs™LNYUjSHZvKvwn;JULNR•`ÐYUbPQ\nsR
YUbxQ£nsR?R^n|J^Q
ö.÷ ø"ù
J^bxQ\RUhiLaO `aMonshiHZjIp8LsJ^QSM{J^Hwn;v’€š™šRkQ\Q–Q\MPQSRU[`x„
•–ns_PYUYkHwnsM`hiLNMPLNhiQ\RkHZjuj\LNRkRUQ\vZn;J^HKLNM虚_PMPjdJ^HKLNMPY
Mœ_Phf8Q\R?Ls™hÐLsMPLNhiQ\RUYcHZMnÑjlbonsHZM
r;nsRUHKLN_PYepPRkLNfonsfxHZvZH±J^HKQ\Y
YkJURU_PjdJ^_PRkQ3™‚n;jSJ^LsR
J^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_xRUQ
ns-_ iVHKvZHwn;•R `ijQ iaJ^QSRUMon;v ¦PQ\vZO
ponsR]J^H±J^HZLsMX™š_PMPjdJ^HZLsM
YUHKT\Q–Ls™ÈnÑhÐLNMxLNhÐQSR
nsMPHKYULsJURULNpxHZjIpon;RkJ?Ls™®J^bPQ–RkQ\MPLNRkhXn;vZHZTSQ\OèJUQ\hipqQSR^n;JU_PRUQ
þ þ§Pj\LNhip8LNYUH±J^HZLsMžLs™JUbPQ–hÐQSvKJ
_PMPH±JerNQSjSJ^LsR?JUbon;J}OPQdJ^Q\RkhÐHKMPQ\YFJUbPQ–vwnshiQ\vKvwnsR
LsRUHZQSM{Jln;JUHZLNM
Ja`apPHZj\nsv YkHZT\Q–Ls™hiHZj\RkLNpPbon;YUQ\Y
HZYkLsJ^RkLNpPHKjIponsR]J?Ls™JUbPQ–RUQSMPLNRUhÐnsvKHZT\QSOèJ^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_PRkQ
rNQSvZLaj\H±aJ `èLsN™ ÚoL1¡
d J^b`LNRkOPQ\RerNQSRkJUjQ i`™š_PMPjdJ^HKLNM
•–nshÐhÐnD™š_PMxjSJ^HKLNM
! €‚#° "®„
HZM gcbon;pxJ^QSR3ª b}€ $ „ &% HKM`JUbPQ–RUQSYkJ}Ls™®J^bPQ‘J^eQ iacJ b
nÑYkhXnsvKv ponsRUnshiQSJ^QSReHZMžJ^bxQDn;MP[N_PvZnsRFOPQSpqQSMPOPQ\Mxj\Q
L;™(ö
( ( §PYkQ\Q (*),+.raHZYkj\LNYkHKaJ `žLs™®J^bxQ3hiQ\v±J£§ (*),+.-01( 32 ( +
° d J^b`LNRUOxQ\ReLNRkOPQ\RerNQSRkJUjQ i`™š_PMPjdJ^HKLNM
yIMPY^n;[NQ\R?hiLNfPHZvKHKaJ `
Úo_PjdJ^_on|J^HZLsMHKM{J^Q\[sR^nsv
J^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_xRUjQ dvZHKWsQIjSLNM{J^RULsvZHZMx[ÑponsR^n;hÐQdJ^Q\R
687 þ:9ဠ7 þ¥<„ ;
LNRkOPQ\Repon;R^nshiQSJUQ\R?nsMPOHKJUY?¨oLN_PRUHKQ\RFJUR^nsMPY]™šLNRUh
¨ÈvKLNRUoR `Tdagu_P[s[NHZMPY7ponsRUnshÐQdJ^QSR
™šRU¯Q ʜ_PQ\MPjj ``Ls™LNYUjSHZvZvZn;J^Ls•R `ÐYUbPQ\nsR
$ & % ƒ
?
®2 >^2BA7<DCÐ:52 4FE G®>^4:IH :54KJ4c>—EML2 65@ <7@ < CX2BN /1EJ2 4!E L <?/{2 6 91<?>@
‡?Q\j\QSM{JzHKMœJUQ\RkQ\YkJDHZMfPvKLVjlW»jSLNp8LNvK`ahiQ\RUYS§ H … Qs…ipqLNv`ahÐQSRUY‘j\LsMPYUHKYkJ^HKMP[Ls™FjlbPQShÐHKj£nsvKvK` OPHK™ d
™šQ\RkQ\M{J3fPvZLajlWœY\§ bonsY3nžJ”¡cL d™šLNvKOºLNRUHK[NHZM …yIMJUbPQALNMPQAbonsMPO5§ JUbPQ\YkQÐhÐn;JUQ\RUHZnsvZYnsRUQrsQ\Ro`
HZM{JUQ\RUQSYkJUHZMP[3™šRULNh n–J^Q\jlbxMPLNvZLs[NHZj\nsvopqLsHZM{J Ls™ raHZQd¡–…’‹VQ\v±™ d—nsYkYUQShfPvK`AHKMÐfxvZLajlWÑj\LNp8LNvK`ahiQ\RkY
HZY‘WœMPL1¡?MJ^L`pPRULaOP_PjSQin`r;nsRkHZQSaJ `¥Ls™7hÐHKj\RULsYkJ^Rk_PjSJU_PRUQSY ) ª - ¡?H±J^bäOPH á5QSRUQ\M{J3hÐnsj\RkLNYUjSLNpPHZj
pPRkLNpqQSRkJUHZQ\YS… kuOxr;nsMPj\QSYIHZM¥•Y `aM{J^bPQSYUHZY–n;MPO»YkJURU_PjdJ^_PRkQhÐnsMPHZpx_Pvwn;JUHZLNMnsvKvZL1¡ÞLsMPQDJULèj\LN8M d
J^RkLNvœJ^bPQSHZR®hÐLNRkpPbPLNvKLN[ `3nsMxOO `aMonshiHZjSYÈff `zoY `aYkJ^QShXn|J^HZj\nsvZv `Ir;ns•R `aHKMP[J^bxQcRUQSvwn;JUHKrsQ7fPvKLVjlWœ¯Y Õ
vZQSMP[sJUbPYnsMxOj\LNhipqLsYUHKJUHZLNM5…mþLNRUWœHKMP[¥¡?HKJUbjlbPQ\hiHZj\nsvZv `»J^bxQèY^nshiQèhÐn;J^QSRUHZnsv’LNMPQèj\nsM
OPRUnsYkJUHZj£n;vZKv `r;nsoR `ƒHKJUYèpPfb `aYUHKj£nsvA€šhÐQSjlbonsMPHKj£nsví§?OPHZQSvZQ\jdJ^RkHZjs§?QdJ^js… „´pPRkLNp8Q\RkJUHZQSY\…“ebxHZYèHKY
rNQS•R `$n;JUJUR^nsjdJ^HKrsQX™šLNRznspPpPvKHZj£n|J^HZLsMPY\§nsMPOfPvKLVjlWj\LspqLNv `ahÐQSRUYn;RUQèn;vZRUQ\nsO `ä¡?HZOxQ\Kv `þ_PYkQ\O
HZMºfxHZLNhÐn;J^QSRUHZnsv YUj\HKQ\MPjSQs§ LNpxJUHZjSY\§hiHZj\RkLVQSvZQSjSJ^RkLNMPHKj\Y\§qMonsMPLsYkJ^Rk_PjSJU_PR^n;vÚQ\MP[sHZMPQSQ\RUHKMP[P§ QdJ^j;…
) ªN§=­ - …
yIMzJ^bPQ LsJUbPQ\RbonsMPO §;fPvZLajlW–j\LNp8LNv `VhiQ\RkY®nsRUQ7pqQSRk™šQ\jdJÚhiLVOxQ\v{•Y `aY]J^Q\hiYșšLNR J^bxQ\LNRkQSJ^HKj£nsv
HZM{rsQ\YkJUHZ[{n|J^HZLsMPY\…“ebPQ\HKRcYkJURU_PjdJ^_PRkQHKY RkQ\vZn;J^H±rNQ\v `ÑYUHKhÐpxvZQ b®J^bPQ ¶¹ fPvKLVjlWÑjSLNpqLsKv `ahÐQSRUYS§œ™šLsR
jQ ixnshipPvKQs§}OPKH áqQ\RX™šRkLNh ¶t¹ fPHKMons•R ` hiH iaJ^_PRkQ\Yžff `ƒjlbxQ\hiHZj£n;vIvZHKMPWœYèfqQdJ”¡cQSQ\M ponsRkJUHZjSvZQ\Y
LNMPv `N…u“ebPQ\HKRpPbon;YUQÑf8Q\bon£raHZLN_xRInsMPO¥O `aMonshiHZj£n;vpPRkLNp8Q\RkJUHZQSYInsRkQs§5bxL¬¡7QSrsQ\RS§®MxLN-M dJURUH±rVHZnsv
nsMPOäH±J–HZY‘jlbonsvKvZQSMP[NHZMx[XJ^L`YUbxL¬¡bPL1¡J^bxQ\YUQAMPLs-M dJURUHKraHZnsvÈpPRkLNp8Q\RkJUHZQSY–nsRUHKYUQ™šRULshR^n|J^bPQSR
YUHKhÐpxvZQ hÐLaOPQ\vKY\…È‹VHZ[sMPHK¦oj\nsM{JÚjQ á5LNR]J^YÈ¡7Q\RkQeHZM{rNQSYkJUQ\OiHZMYk_PjlbAYkJ^_xOPHZQSYnsMPOÑYkLNhÐQcpPRULN[sRUQ\YkY
¡cnsY‘nsjlbPHKQSrsQ\O ) ­a.§ ª - …I“ebPQÑ[sQ\MPQSR^nsv®pPHZjdJ^_PRkQHZYS§5bPL1¡7QSrsQ\R\§vZnsjlWœHZMP[x§ nsMPO¥Q\YUp8Q\jSHwnsvKKv `žJUbPQ
MPLN8M d”›Q ʜ_PHKvZHKfPRUHK_Ph fqQSbon£rVHKLN_PR?HZYF™‚n;RF™šRULNh fqQSHZMP[A_PMPOxQ\RUY]J^LaLVO5…
@
—> 9PJQJi9CSR Ji032BCX4ML2BCX4MC
ˆ”MJ^bxQ nsfPYkQ\MPjSQáL;™`QjiaJ^QSRUMonsvXHZMÚo_xQ\MPjSQ\Y\§`nÞhiHZjSRULNY]J^Rk_PjSJU_PRUQ;§XRUQSYU_Pv±J^HKMP[ ™šRULsh YkQ\vK™ d
nsYkYUQ\hzfPKv `zLs™8fPvZLajlWDjSLNp8LNKv `ahiQ\RUYS§N_PYk_onsvZv `zp8LNYkYUQ\YkYUQSYFnIvZLaj£n;vVLNRkOPQ\RS…¨oLNRÈeQ ixnshÐpxvZQs§N¡?bxQ\M
n?vwnshiQ\vKvwnseQ d™šLNRkhÐHKMP[7OxHZfPvKLVjlWuj\LNp8LNKv `ahiQ\R hiQ\vKJ HKY j\LaLNvZQSODf8Q\vKL¬¡þJ^bPQ hiHZj\RkLNpPbon;YUQ’YUQSponsR^n6d
J^HKLNMèJ^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_xRUQs§oH±JefPRkQ£nsWœY?HZM{J^LAhiQ\YkLNYUjSLNpPHZej d”YkHZT\Q‘[sR^nsHKMPYeLs™vwnshiQ\vKvwnsQ?¡?HKJUbOxKH áqQ\RUQSM{J
LNRkHZQ\M{J^n;J^HKLNM §Pn;MPOJUbPQ–Y^nshipPvKQ‘fqQSj\LNhiQ\Y Ž_’‡‘¡ fj‰e 6”jPŽ‘ …7‹VHZMPjSQ‘J^bPQ–RUQSvwn ixn;JUHZLNMèJUHZhiQ\YeHKM
YU_xjlb hÐn;J^QSRUHZnsvZYDnsRUQXjQ iaJ^RkQ\hiQ\Kv `vZLNMx[P§ÈJ^bxQžMon;J^_xR^nsv J^R^n;MPYk™šLNRkhXn|J^HZLsM$Ls™}nºpqLsKv `aj\oR `VY]Jlnsv
HZM{JULÐnÑhÐnsj\RkLNYUjSLNpPHKj‘hÐLNMxL d”OPLshXnsHKMXHKYeMPLsJunsj\jSQ\YkYUHZfxvZQ–jQ iVp8Q\RUHKhÐQSM{JlnsvKKv `N…
ˆJÚ¡cns*Y ʜ_PHZjlWœv `zRkQ£nsvKHZT\QSODJUbon;JÈJUbPQF[NvKLNfonsvœLNRkOPQ\Rj£nsMÑf8QFQSYkJln;fPvZHKYUbPQSOHK™oYkQ\v±™ d—nsYkYUQ\hzfPKv `
O
Û
T ä.åMUãDVXWNâå T ã}ä
gradient
velocity
vorticity
kkQlQ
Q
klQ
klQ
lQ
lklk
klQ
klQ
kQ
k
k
lk
Q
k
k
k
Q
l
Q
l
ikQ
ghQ
ghQ
ghQ
hQ
kjilQ
kjilQ
ii hghg lQ
jiji lQ
jiji lklkjilkjiji
g hQ
g hQ
g hgQ
g kQ
hQ
k
k
iQ
ii jQ
ii jiji
jQ
fQ
fQ
fQ
fQ
iQ
fQ
fQ
fQ
fQ
iQffe jQ
i jQ
i ji
jQ
jQ
eQ
Q
e
Q
e
Q
e
eQeQeQeQe
qQ
qrQ
qrQ
qrQ
qrQ
qQrQ
q rQ
q rQ
q rQ
q ts rqrq
opQ
nQ
no Q
m nQ
m nQ
m pQ
m popo nm tststs
opQ
pQ
popo tsst
opQ
opQ
popo tsts
opQ
opQ
po s
opQ
o popo t
_`Q
abQ
_`Q
abQ
aa dQ
cdQ
cc dcdc
`Q
`Q
bQ
`_`_ bQ
baba dQ
_`_QbQ
abQ
_`Q
abQ
cdQ
aZY bQ
_\[ `Q
abQ
abQ
cdQ
cc dcdc
`\[ _`_ bQ
bQ
b^] aba dQ
dQ
a`_Q
_
a
a
c
`_Q
a\[\Q
_ bQ
a\[\[ `_ bQ
a dQ
c^]^] ba dQ
c dc
`[ Q
dQ
ZYZY bQ
[\Q
[
]
ZYZY \Q
\
^
[[ \[\[\[ ^]^]^]
ZYZY [\Q
[\Q
ZYZY \Q
\Q
[ \[\[ ^]^]
transverse
Ȩ HK[N_PRUQzª¾b7y‘RkHZQSMœJ^n;J^HKLNMPYFL;™JUbPQ–vwnshiQ\vKvwnsR pPbonsYkQ
Jln;WsQ\YžpxvwnsjSQ»HZMƒJUbPQºpPRUQSYUQSMPj\QäLs™3Y•`ahihÐQdJ^Ro`TdfPRUQ\nsWœHZMP[$¦PQ\vZOxY\…'“eba_xY\§QSvZQSjSJ^RkHZj¥¦PQ\vZOxY
j ÚPL¬¡?Yр‚YUQSQ ) ª - nsMxOºRUQS™šQSRUQSMPj\QSYIJ^bPQSRUQ\HKM=„?¡7Q\RkQÑ_PYUQSOºJ^LèHKMPOP_PjSQ
) ° - n;MPOºbf`VOxRULaO`aMonshiHZ¬
nsvKHZ[NMPhiQ\M{J\…“ebPQcvZn;JUJUQ\R hÐQdJ^bPLaO §|HZM3ponsR]J^HZjS_Pvwn;R nuYUbxQ£ns"R ÚoL1¡–§s¡cnsYQSYUp8Q\jSHwnsvKKv `‘Yk_Pj\jSQ\YUY]™š_Pv
HZMÐpPRULaOP_PjSHZMP[DvwnsRk[NjQ dYUj\nsvZQ}OPLNhÐnsHZMxY’¡?H±J^bèjSLNRURkQ\vZn;J^QSOXLNRkHZQ\M{J^n;J^HKLNMPY Ls™ hÐHKj\RkLNYkJURU_PjdJ^_PRkQ\Y\…
ˆ”Mèn–Ja`apPHZj\nsvqeQ iVpqQSRUHZhiQ\M{J7LNMPQ}pPvwn;j\Q\YcnDYUnshÐpxvZQ?HZMÐnDRkbPQ\LNhiQSJUQ\R7nsMPOžn;pPpPvZHKQ\Y’YkJUQ£ns-O `ÐLsR
LNYkj\HZvKvwn;JULN•R `DYUbxQ£nsRS(… ku™›J^QSRcn–RUQSvwn;JUHKrsQ\Kv `zYUbPLsRkJ J^HZhiQs§N¡?bxHZjlbÐr;nsRkHZQSY ™šRkLNhYUQdrNQSR^nsv8hÐHKMœ_xJ^QSY
J^L3n–j\LN_xpPvZQ?Ls™qbPLN_PRkY\§œJ^bPQ?YUnshÐpxvZQef8Q\j\LshÐQSYcn‘hiLNMPLaj\•R `aY]JlnsvP¡?H±J^bљšQS¡ OxQS™šQ\jdJ^Y pPRUQSYUQSMœJ\…
kv±J^bPLN_x[Nb»J^bPQÑYkbPQ£n;RUHZMx[eQ iVpqQSRUHZhiQ\M{JUYI¡cQSRUQApqQSRk™šLNRkhÐQSO»¡?HKJUbäJUbPQÑhÐnsHZM»Lsfa~kQ\jdJ^HKrsQ
Ls™?HKMPOP_PjSHZMP[ºn»p8Q\R]™šQ\jdJAnsvZHK[NMPhiQ\M{J£§®J^bPjQ `$_PMxjQ iVpqQSjSJUQ\OPv `$vZQSO$J^Lºn»MxQS¡ pPbPQSMPLNhiQ\MPLNM5§
›Q ʜ_on;vZKv ` pP_PTST\vZHKMP[nsMPOápPRULshÐHKYUHZMx[P…ˆ”MŸJ^bPQäj\nsYUQäLs™zOPHZfPvKLVjlWj\LspqLNv `ahÐQSRžhÐQSvKJ^YS§}™šLsR
jQ ixnshipPvKQs§HKJD¡Fn;YiLsfPYUQSRkrNQSOJUbon;JJUbPQžvwn;hÐQSvZvwn;R3LsRUHZQSM{Jln;JUHZLNMþOPQ\p8Q\MPOxQ\O LsM$J^bPQžYkpqQSQ\O
Ls>™ ÚoL1¡–…ˆ™uLsMPQ`nspPpPvKHZQSYnägcLN_PQdJUJUVQ ÚoL1¡ ¡?H±J^b$rNQSvZLaj\H±aJ ` [ 0 ôvuÒw{§Ú¡?bPQSRU5Q ôHKYÑn
YUbxQ£nsRRUn;J^Q;§ÚJ^bPQSMn;JvKL1¡ YkbPQ£n;RR^n;JUQ\YLsMPQèLNfPYkQ\R]rNQ\YÑJUbPQèponsRUnsvZvKQ\v’LNRkHZQ\M{J^n;J^HKLNM §¡?bxHZvZQ
n;JzvwnsRk[NQÐYkbPQ£n;RÑR^n;JUQ\yY xäJUbPQèp8Q\RkpqQSMPOPHZjS_Pvwn;RzLNMPQ»€‚YkQ\Q`¨ÈHK[P…Kª1„ ) « - …ä‹VHZhiHZvZnsR‘f8Q\bon£raHZLN_xR
¡cnsYcLNfxYUQ\R]rNQSO`™šLsR L;J^bPQSRc•Y `aY]J^Q\hiY\§PnsY ¡7Q\vKv5n;Y7_PMxOPQ\R7LNYUjSHZvZvZn;J^Ls•R `ÑYkbPQ£nsRS§xn;MPOèYULaLNMXn;™›J^QSR
J^bxHZhY qpÚoHZpPpxHZMP[DpPbPQ\MxLNhÐQSMPLNM sÑbPnsOžfqQSQ\MžOPHKYUjSL¬rsQ\RkQ\O §oH±Jcf8Q\j\nshÐQInsMèHZMxOPQ\p8Q\MPOxQ\M{Je¦oQ\vKO
Ls™‘RkQ\YkQ£nsRkjlb …Þ‹aHZMPjSQ J^bxQ\MƒMœ_PhiQ\RkLN_PYXpPnspqQSRUYXnsMPO RkQSraHZQd¡ nsRkJUHZjSvZQ\Y ) ªx§ Ëx§7ÊV§ Ç - bPn1rsQ
j\LsMœJURUHKfP_xJ^QSOJULALN_PR?WœMPL1¡?vZQ\Ox[NQ–Ls™JUbPQ–pPRULaj\QSYUYS…
2 6 9}L2BCA/s<e> /N25:0QC9~B2@
ˆ”MLNRkOPQ\R®J^LILsfPYUQSRkrNQFJUbPQZÚPHZpPpPHKMP[pxbPQ\MPLshÐQSMPLNM §NLsR®JUbPQFLNRkHZQ\M{J^n;J^HKLNMonsv{pPbPnsYUQcJUR^nsMxYUHKJUHZLNM
HZM‘¡?bon|J®™šLsvZvZL1¡?YS§|LsMPQ’hXnsW;Q\Y _PYkQ7Ls™VR^n|J^bPQSR®YkLNpPbPHKYkJUHZj£n|J^Q\O–Qeixp8Q\RkHZhiQ\M{Jln;vNJ^Q\jlbxMPHœÊœ_PQSY ) É - …
‹V_PjlbänÐMPQ\QSOänsRUHKYUQ\Y}™šRULNh nivZL1¡ OPQ\[sRUQ\QzLs™LNRkOPQ\RkHZMP[beMxLNRUhÐnsvZv`èJ^bxQDJ^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_xRUQ\YuLs™
HZM{JUQ\RUQSYkJ nsRkQeLNMPv `D™šQd¡ OPQS[NRUQSQ\Y’vZL1¡7Q\RÚJUbonsMJ^bxQeLNRUOPQSRUHKMP[IJ^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_PRkQs§œnsMxO §NJ^bPQSRUQd™šLNRUQ;§
J^bxQzRUQSYU_Pv±J^HKMP[XhiHZjSRULNY]J^RU_xjSJ^_xRUQ3HZY}bonsRUOxKv ``OPHKYkJ^HKMP[N_PHKYUbon;fPvZQ‘™šRULshJ^bPQDOPHZYkLNRUOPQSRUQSO»YkJ^n;J^Q;…
“®LN[NQSJUbPQ\R}¡?HKJUb¥niYUhÐnsvZvvKQ\MP[sJU-b d”Ykj£nsvKQ–Ls™LNRkOPQ\RkHZMP[¥€šaJ `apPHKj£nsvKKv `N§ª£¯N€¯ k‘ „†§=HKJ}hXn;WsQ\YuOPHZRkQ\jdJ
€šraHKYU_onsvw„ LsfPYUQSRkr;n;J^HKLNMHKhÐp8LNYUYkHZfPvKQs… ˆ”MPY]J^Q£n;O §{LNMPQFQShÐpxvZDL `aYÚnIj\LshfPHZMPn;J^HKLNMDL;™=YUj£n|JUJ^QSRUHKMP[
hiQSJ^bxLVOPYF¡?H±J^bhÐQ\nsYU_xRUQ\hiQ\M{JUY}L;™ÈhiQ\jlbon;MPHZj\nsv pPRkLNpqQSRkJUHZQ\YS…
ˆ”M$n`aJ `VpxHZj£n;vjQ iVpqQSRUHKhÐQSMœJ\§ÈLNMxQÐpPvZnsj\QSYznž¡7Q\vZ?v d”jlbon;R^nsjdJ^Q\RkHZTSQ\OfPvZLajlWºj\LNp8LNv `VhiQ\R‘LsR
j\LsMPj\QSMœJUR^n;JUQ\OAYULsvZ_xJUHZLNM耚¡?HKJUbzWœMPL1¡?MAjlbPQ\hiHZj\nsvaYkJ^Rk_PjSJU_PRUQ;§{hÐLsvZQ\jS_Pvwn;R ¡7Q\HK[Nb{J£§Np8LNv `VOxHZoY d
p8Q\RUYkHKaJ ``QdJ^js… „žHZM{J^LÐnÐRkbPQ\LNhiQSJUQ\Rz€‚MPLsRUhÐnsvZv `X¡?HKJUbºgcLN_xQSJUJUQs§8j\LNMxjQ d”pxvwn;JUQDLNR}pPvZn;J^eQ d”pPvZn;J^Q
[NQSLNhÐQdJ^oR `P„†…’ˆ”MJUbPQ‘¦oRUY]JupPnsRkJ?Ls™®J^bxQDeQ ixp8Q\RkHZhiQ\M{J?LNMPQ–_PYk_onsvKKv `èOxQSJ^QSRUhiHZMPQSYeJ^bPQ–LNRkOPQ\pR d
HZMx[–JUQ\hipqQSR^n;JU_PRUQ;…Ú“ebPHKY HKY’OPLNMPQ}ff `AhÐQ\nsYU_PRkHZMP[3n‘raHZYUjSLVQSvwnsY]J^HKjeRUQ\YkpqLsMPYUQ}Ls™5JUbPQ}Y^nshipPvZQ
z|{ J
çW‚ƒS„XU!…Q㇆½æ#ˆŠ‰.æ‹U T Cæä&勄XŒƒU&æfçWŒoåç
µ
¡?bPHKvZQ–j\LaLNvZHKMP[AHKJ?™šRULsh niOPHKYULNRkOPQ\RkQ\O»LsRubPQ\n;J^HKMP[iHKJ?™šRULNhJUbPQ3LNRUOPQSRUQSO»YkJ^n;J^Q;…e“ebPQnsp8d
p8Q£nsRUnsMPj\Q Ž;OPHKY^nspPp8Q£n;R^nsMPjSQèLs™eLsRUOPQSRUQ\OhiHZjSRULNY]J^Rk_PjSJU_PRUQÐhXnsMxHK™šQ\Y]J^Y3HKJUYUQ\v±™eHZMn¥OPHKYkJ^HKMPjSJ
OPHKYUj\LsMœJUHZMœ_PH±aJ `ALs™ ü‘ nsMxO ü‘  xÑHZM-dÈnsMPOÐLN_xJod”Ls™ dpPbonsYkQuYkbPQ£nsR7hÐLaOP_PvKH §NRkQ\YkpqQSjSJ^H±rNQSvK` ) ª£¯ - …
“ebPHKYhÐQdJ^bPLaO §{f8Q\HZMx[‘RUQ\Y]J^RkHZjSJUQ\Oiff `zJ^bxQ}RkbPQ\LshÐQdJ^Q\RÚJUQ\hipqQSR^n;JU_PRUQeRkQ\YkLNvZ_xJUHZLNM5§N[NHKrsQ\YÚJUbPQ
LNRkOPQ\RkHZMP[¥JUQ\hipqQSR^n;JU_PRUQi¡?HKJUbnsMnsjSj\_PRUns¯j `Ls™?YUQdrNQSR^nsvFOxQ\[NRkQ\Q\YS…º“ebPQèYkQ\j\LsMPOponsRkJzLs™
J^bxQDeQ ixp8Q\RkHZhiQ\M{JuOPQ£nsvKY}¡?H±J^b`J^bPQDLNRUHKQ\M{Jln|J^HZLsMonsv5JUR^nsMPYkHKJUHZLNMPYS…eyIMPQ–r;nsRUHKQ\Y?J^Q\hip8Q\R^n|J^_PRkQ
€‚Y]Jlcn `aHZMP[`MPQ\nsRIJ^bxQÑLNRUOPQSoR dOPHZYkLNRUOPQSRIJ^RUnsMPYUH±J^HKLNM=„d§5nsMPOäYUbxQ£nsR–R^n|J^Q`€‚nshÐpxvZHKJU_POPQznsMPOº™šRUeQ d
ʜ_PQ\Mx¯j `ºHKM»LNYUjSHZvKvwn;JULN•R ``YkbPQ£nsRjQ iVpqQSRUHKhÐQSMœJUYl„†§ nsMPOºRUQSj\LNRkOPYJUbPQÑLNRUHKQ\M{Jln|J^HZLsM¥pPRkLVOP_xj\Q\O5…
GIQ\p8Q\MxOPHZMP[LsMŸJUbPQºhiLsJ^H±rsn|J^HZLsM f8Q\bPHKMPOƒJ^bPQºeQ iVpqQSRUHZhiQ\M{J`YkQSrNQSR^nsv–pon|J^b{¡Fcn `aY`HZMƒJUbPQ
ponsRUnshiQSJ^QSReYUpon;j\Q3j£nsMfqQ‘jlbxLNYUQSM&b
’ yIMPQ¦ iVQ\Y®YUbxQ£nsR®R^n;JUQ’nsMPO3hÐLsMPHKJULNRUY LsRUOPQSRUHZMx[un;Y JUbPQ’Y^nshipPvKQHZY bPQ£n|J^Q\O3LNR j\LaLNvKQ\O …
“ebPHKY?nsvZvKL1¡?YcLNMPQIJULÑYUQSQ–¡?bxQSJ^bxQ\ReJ^bPQ‘LsRUOPQSRUHZMx[J^Q\hip8Q\R^n|J^_PRkQIOPQ\p8Q\MxOPYuLsMžYUbPQ\nsR
RUn;J^Q–nsMxOJULijlbxQ\jlWžJ^bPQ–RkQSrNQSRUYkHZfPHKvZHKaJ `XLs™®J^bPQ‘J^RUnsMPYkHKJ^HKLNMžHZMxOP_Pj\QSO …
’ yIMPQ-¦ ixQSYFJ^bPQuJ^Q\hip8Q\R^n|J^_PRkQ‘nsMPOèr;nsRkHZQ\Y J^bPQYUbPQ\nsReR^n;JUQs…YkpqQSj\Hwn;vZKv `iHKvZvZ_xYkJ^RUn;J^H±rNQ
nsRkQžjQ iVp8Q\RUHKhÐQSM{J^YÑ¡?bPHZjlbYkJ^nsRkJAHKM$J^bPQ`OPHKYULNRkOPQ\RkQ\OpPbonsYkQ`j\vZLsYUQžQ\MxLN_P[NbJ^L»JUbPQ
LNRkOPQ\RkHZMP[IJUQ\hipqQSR^n;JU_PRUQ}nsMxOiQSM{J^Q\R’J^bxQ}LsRUOPQSRUQ\OipPbon;YUQ}nsY’YUbPQ\nsR’R^n;JUQeHZYHKMPj\RkQ£nsYkQ\O
nsf8L1rNQ–YULshÐQ–j\RkHKJUHZj£n;vqr;nsvZ_xQs…
gcLNhfxHZMon;JUHZLNM Ls™’J^bPQSYUQApon;JUb{¡Fcn `aY3nsvZvKL¬¡?YuLNMPQJULžpPvZLsJIun qkO `aMonshiHZjzpPbonsYkQÑOPHwns[sR^ns½h sP§
¡?bPHKjlb»[NHKrsQ\Y}J^bPQ3LNRUHKQ\M{Jln|J^HZLsM¥nsYni™š_PMxjSJ^HKLNMLs™ÚJ^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_xRUQn;MPO¥YkbPQ£nsRuR^n;JUQ耚LNRuns@h d
pPvKHKJ^_xOPQ–nsMPOž™šRU¯Q ʜ_PQ\MPjj `x„d…
ˆ”M J^bxQ»jQ iVp8Q\RUHKhÐQSM{J^YXOxQ\YUjSRUHKfqQSOƒJ^bPQaJ `Vp8Q¥L;™–LNRUHKQ\M{Jln;JUHZLNMHZYiOPQdJ^Q\RkhÐHKMPQ\O Tf `JUbPQ
YUhÐnsvKv d—n;MP[NvZQzYUj£n|JUJ^QSRUHKMP[¥J^QSjlbPMPKH Êa_xQ\›Y b Š”“ MPQS_xJ^RkLNM$Ykj£n;JkJ^Q\RkHZMP[$€ -‹ ktI‹P„†§ÈHKMþ¡?bPHKjlb$j£nsYkQ
J^bxQXfPvKLVjlWœYLs™FLNMPQXaJ `ap8QèHZMJ^bPQÐpqLNv `ahÐQSRDjlbon;HZMPYDYUbPLN_xvZO$f8QèOPQS_xJ^QSR^n;JUQ\OHZMþLNRUOxQ\RDJUL
j\RkQ£n;JUQ»nsM LNfPYUQSRkr;nsfPvKQ¥MPQS_xJ^RkLNMƒjSLNM{J^R^n;YkJè_xMPvZQSYUYXH±JXHKYÐpxRUQ\YkQ\M{JžMon|J^_PRUnsvZv ` % ŠŠ”“ r»d”R^cn `
YUj\n;JUJUQ\RkHZMP[ € 8‹ k…r–‹x„ % ŠŠŠ”“ vZHZ[sbœJFYUj£n|JUJ^QSRUHKMP[»€í-‹ ktÔ®‹P„†…Pˆ”M`J^bPQ–Q£n;RUKv `ÐrNQSRUYUHKLNMPY}Ls™YUbPQ\nsRUHKMP[
jQ iVp8Q\RkHZhiQ\M{J^YeLNMxQIMPQ\QSOPQ\O`J^hL ʜ_PQSMPjlb`J^bPQIYUnshipPvZQn;™›J^QSRFYUbPQ\nsRUHKMP[P§PjS_xJeH±JFHZMèJUbPHZMXYUvZHKj\QSY
nsMPOpqQSRk™šLNRkh¾n YUj\n;JUJUQ\RkHZMP[ YkJ^_xO `N…¥tuL1¡Fn;Oocn `VYDJ^bPQSRUQèn;RUQXOxQSraHZjSQ\YzJUbon;JznsvZvKL¬¡ ŠŒ‡¢P”jŠ0¤
hiQ£nsYk_PRUQShÐQSMœJUYžnsMPO5§?JUbœ_PY\§}RUQShÐL1rNQ J^bPQ»fxHwnsYÐpqLNYkYUHKfPKv `HZM{JURULaOP_Pj\QSOƒff ` JUbPìQ ʜ_PQ\Mxjlb …
“®LN[NQSJUbPQ\R‘¡?H±J^bnžbPHZ[N8b d”RUQSYULNvK_xJ^HKLNM€š_PpJULäªiMxhè„uJUR^nsMPYkhÐHKYUYkHZLNMºQSvZQ\jdJ^RkLNMþhiHZjSRULNYkj\LNfp `
J^bxQjSLNvZvKQ\jdJ^HZLsM Ls™zhiQSJUbPLaOPYžOPQ\Ykj\RkHZf8Q\O HKYèrNQS•R `Ÿ¯Q áqQ\jdJ^H±rNQHZM pPRkL¬raHKOPHZMP[HKMx™šLNRUhÐn;JUHZLNM
nsf8LN_xJeJUbPQ–LNRUHKQ\M{Jln;JUHZLNMPnsvqJUR^nsMPYkHKJUHZLNMPYS…
B
<F6 E 4!E 2 { J2 659L2BCA/;<?> 682@qB–>]/1@
“ebPQ3LNRUHKQ\M{Jln|J^HZLsMonsv5JUR^nsMPYkHKJUHZLNMPYF¡7Q\RkQzRkQ\p8LNRkJUQ\O¥HKMr;nsRkHZLN_xYej\LNp8LNvK`ahiQ\RkY\§=YkJ^nsRkJUHZMP[Ñ¡?HKJUb
pPHKLNMPQ\QSRUHKMP[XLNfxYUQ\R]r;n;J^HKLNMPYILs™ÚjQ iaJ^Rk_PYUHKLN-M d”HKMPOP_PjSQ\OºLNRkOPQ\RTf `¥Š‘Q\vKvZQ\R ) ªNªN§®ª¬­ - nsMPOºYUbxQ£nspR d
HZMxOP_Pj\QSOÑLNRUHKQ\M{Jln|J^HZLsMzff `hgunsOPT\HKHZL{n;MPMPLN_ ) Dª ªV§Vª£° - …Úy‘MxQFLs™oJ^bxQFhÐLsYkJp8LNpP_PvZnsR®hXn;JUQ\RkHwnsvKY\§
p8LNKv `5€‚QdJ^fb `avZQSMPjQ dpPRULNfp `avZQSMPQ1–„ xap8LNKv `5€‚QdJ^fb `av dQSJ^fb `avZQSMPQ1„€í˜’’O˜ d—˜’’ „d§’¡FnsYi_PYkQ\Oƒff `Š‘LNpPpPH
‹j–—tŽ‘ ) ª¬« - J^LDYUbPL1¡ J^bPn;JcYkbPQ£n;ZR ÚoL1¡ŸHZMxj\RUQ\nsYUQSY7JUbPQLNRkOPQ\pR d”OPHKYULNRkOPQ\R’J^RUnsMPYkHKJ^HKLNMAJ^Q\hip8Q\oR d
n;JU_PRUQ;…}ˆ”M J^bPQSHZR}jQ iVpqQSRUHKhÐQSMœJUYInivwnsRk[NjQ d”nshÐpxvZHKJU_POPQA€ ó 0 ªN¯N¯ ˜A„eLNYUjSHZvZvZn;J^Ls•R `èYkbPQ£n;Ru¡cnsY
• ‘L:L
²
T ä.åMUãDVXWNâå T ã}ä
T
ORDER - DISORDER TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
A
C
š™
š™
š™
š™
š™
B
Ȩ HK[N_PRUQ¥­-bþ‹VjlbPQShXn|J^HZj O`aMonshiHZj pPbonsYkQ»OPHwn;[NR^nsh…€0ô HKYÐJ^bxQ»YUbPQ\nsRèRUDn;J^Q;§›HKYiJUbPQ
J^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_xRUQs… „
sn pPpxvZHZQSOžJ^LiniOxHZYULsRUOPQSRUQ\OYkJ^n;J^Q–jSvZLNYkQ–JULiJUbPQ‘J^RUnsMPYUH±J^HKLNMèJ^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_PRkQs…’ˆJ}HZMPOx_Pj\QSOJUbPQ
p8Q\RUp8Q\MxOPHZjS_PvwnsR?LNRkHZQSMœJ^n;J^HKLNMžLs™ÈvwnshiQ\vKvwnsQ;§a¡?bPHKvZQ–vZL1¡7Q\R?YUbxQ£nsRuR^n;JUQ\Y?OPHZOMPLsJ}RkQ\YU_xvKJuHZMn
J^RUnsMPYkHKJ^HKLNM …3ˆ”Mn;MPLsJ^bxQ\RI¡7LNRUW»ff`»JUbPQAY^nshiQÑ[NRkLN_Pp ) « - § Š‘LNpPpxH ‹jœ—Ž‘ OPQ\hiLNMPY]J^R^n|J^Q\O5§
HZMns[sRUQ\QShÐQSM{Ju¡?H±J^bYUHZhiHZvZnsRcY]J^_POxHZQ\Y ) ª1Ë - §PJ^bon;J?JUbPQDp8Q\RkpqQSMPOPHKj\_PvZnsR?LNRUHKQ\M{Jln;JUHZLNMžHKY?YkJl6n d
fPvKQÐn|JDbxHZ[NbYUbPQ\nsR3R^n;JUQ\YDnsMPObxHZ[NbäJ^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_PRkQ\YS§®¡?bPHKvZQÑJ^bxQÐRkQ\YkJDLs™7J^bPQiponsRUnshÐQdJ^QSR
YUpPnsj\Q–j\LsRURUQSYUp8LNMPOPYeJULJ^bPQ‘pon;R^nsvKvZQ\v8LNRkHZQ\M{J^n;J^HKLNM *… kuOPOPHKJUHZLNMPnsvZv `N§anYUQSRUHZQSYeLs™YkJ^_xOPHZQSYeLNM
p8LNKv `5€‚Y]aJ `aRUQ\MxjQ d š dHZYkLNpPRUQSMPQ1„Ð€í˜ T‹ d š d—˜ˆ]„–fxvZLajlWºj\LNp8LNKv `ahiQ\R–ff `ämŸHZQ\YkMPQ\RznsMPOþj\L d ¡cLNRkWsQSRUY
) ª¬ÊV§xª£Çx§Pª1Éa§œ­s¯x§œ­aªs§œ­N­ - bonsYYkbPL1¡cQSOÐJ^bPn;J n;JÚrsQ\•R `bPHZ[NbAYkbPQ£nsRRUn;J^QSYÚJ^bPQ?pon;R^nsvKvZQ\vavwn;hÐQSv d
vwn;Qf8Q\j\LshÐQIY]JlnsfxvZQ‘ns[NnsHZM …“ebPHZYcfqQSbon£rVHKLN_PRFj\nsM`fqQYU_PhihXn;RUHZTSQ\OèHKMžnO `aMonshiHZjupPbonsYkQ
OPHZns[NR^n;h pPRkQ\YkQ\M{J^QSO»HZM¨ÈHK[P… ­a…
“ebPQ\RkQ?HZYhiLNRUQFQdraHZOPQSMPj\Q?Ls™8J^bPHKYÚf8Q\bon£raHZLN_xR ) ­ ªV§œ­;°P§N­N«V§œ­sËV§œ­NÊa§{­sÇx§œ­sÉaf§ ªN¯x¾§ ªxªsf§ ªN­ - …
guL1¡7QSrsQ\R\§J^bPQSYUQivwn;JkJ^Q\R‘px_PfPvZHKj£n;JUHZLNMxYIOPLMPLsJ3RUQSpqLNR]JDnsvZvÈJUbPRUQSQALNRUHKQ\M{Jln;JUHZLNMPnsvÚRUQS[NHZhiQ\Y
YUbxL¬¡?MþHZM¨ÈHK[P… ­a…mŸbPHZvKQÑHZMäYULNhiQÑLs™7J^bPQShLNMPv `»J^bP@Q k>dJ^RUnsMPYkHKJ^HKLNMºHZY‘LsfPYUQSRkrNQSO §ÈLsMPKv `
g dJUR^nsMxYUHKJUHZLNMäHKY3LsfPYUQSRkrNQSOHZMäJ^bPQiLsJUbPQ\RkY\…ž“ebPQihXn;HZQ
M ʜ_PQ\Y]J^HZLsMbPQSRUQXHKY‘¡?bPQSJUbPQ\R3J^bPHKY
f8Q\bon£raHZLN_xRcHZY7YUp8Q\jSHK¦oj™šLsR7J^bxQj\LspqLNv `ahÐQSRcHZ·M ʜ_PQ\Y]J^HZLsM §PLNR J^bPQuRUQ\YkQ£nsRkjlbPQ\RkY?bon£rNQI™‚nsHKvZQ\O
J^LALNfxYUQ\R]rNQ3J^bPQ–j\LshÐpPvKQSJUQIpPbonsYkQDOxHwns[NRUnsh…
“ebPQ–Oon;J^nLNMžJ^bPQ‘bPeQ ixns[NLNMon;v pPbonsYkQ‘HZYFhz_Pjlb`hÐLNRkQIRUQSYkJURUHZjdJ^QSO … kvZhiOonsv ‹j–—{Ž‘ ) ª¾ª nsMPO©Fn;JUQ\Y ‹jœ— Ž‘ ªs° YkJU_POPHKQ\O$n;•Y `ahÐhiQSJURUHKjiOxHZfPvKLVjlWº˜’’O˜ d—˜’’ nsMPOLsfPYUQSRkrNQSO$J^bon|J
J^bxQiLsRUOPQSoR d”OxHZYULsRUOPQSRI) J^R^- n;MPYUH±J^HZLsM»J^Q\hip8Q\R^n|J^_PRkQÑHZMPjSRUQ£n;YUQ\Y3_PMPOxQ\R–YUbPQ\ns{R ÚoL1¡–§YkHZhiHZvZnsR}JUL
¡?bon;JzbonsYf8Q\QSMRUQSpqLNR]J^QSO$LNM$oY `VhihiQSJ^RkHZjiOPHZfxvZLajlWaY ) ª1« - …¥“ebPQèYUnshiQXj\LsMPj\vK_PYUHKLNM¡cnsY
OPRUn1¡?Mff `tnsW|n;J^nsMPH ‹j–—쎑 ) ª{« - ™šLNR‘pqLsKv `aYkaJ `aRUQSMPjQ dpqLsKv `afP_xJ^nsOPHZQSMPjQ dpqLsKv `aYkaJ `aRUQSMPQ¥€ ‹x©e‹x„
J^RkHZfPvKLVjlWœYS…FyIM JUbPQ–j\LNM{JUR^nsoR `N§8“QSpqQ ‹jœ—IŽ‘ ) ªNË - RkQ\p8LNRkJUQ\OJ^bon;J}HKM¥˜’’O˜ d—˜’’* d”˜’ ˜ƒJURUH d
fPvKLVjlWDj\LNp8LNKv `ahiQ\RÈJUbPQeLNRkOPQ\RkHZMP[IJUQ\hipqQSR^n;JU_PRUQ ™8‹Ÿj‰±‹¥Ž”D‹Ÿ” _PMPOPQSRYUbPQ\nsR\…“ebxHZYf8Q\bon£raHZLN_xR
HZYYk_PpPp8LNRkJUQ\Oiff `ÑYkJU_POPHZQSY’Ls™qmŸHKM{J^Q\R ‹j–—tŽ‘ ) ªNÊ - LNMЋVˆ]‹J^RkHZfPvKLVjlWœYnsMxOX©Fn;vZY^n;R^n‘nsMPOÐG‘nsH
… ÔQ\YkYn;JkJ^Q\M{JUHZLNMä¡Fn;YzponsHKOJUL
) ªNÇ - LNMj\LNMPjSQ\M{J^RUn;J^QSOYULNvK_xJ^HKLNMPY–Ls™F˜7f‹ d—˜ˆ‘j\LNp8LNv `VhiQ\RS;
J^bxQzLNRkHZQ\M{J^n;J^HKLNM …u¤ LNY]JILs™ÚJUbPQzeQ iVpqQSRUHZhiQ\M{JUYIRUQSpqLNR]JuJUbon;J¯j `avZHKMPOPQ\RkYLNRkHZQSMœJ}¡?HKJUb JUbPQ\HKR
ê
gradient
temperature
æ#ˆŠ‰Œ„
ä„å T >ã 䝄-åå
恞‰åç
⊥
||
shear rate
Ȩ HK[N_PRUQ|ªbȇ?Q£n;vd”YkponsjSQFLNRUHKQ\M{Jln|J^HZLsMPYÚLs™=J^bxQebPQjixns[NLsMonsvPpPbPnsYUQ?HZMJUbPQFrNLsRkJ^HKj\H±Ja`Td[NR^n;OPHZQSMœJ
pPvZnsMPQs…“ebxQIÚoL1¡ OPHZRkQ\jSJUHZLNMžHKYepqQSRUp8Q\MPOxHZj\_xvwnsRFJULAJUbPQ‘¦o[N_PRkQ–pPvwnsMxQs…
n iVQ\YunsvKLNMP[J^bxQ_ÚPL¬¡ÞOPHZRkQ\jSJUHZLNM ) ªNÉV§o°N¯ - …7yIMPv`X™šQS¡ÞQjiVpqQSRUHKhÐQSMœJUY?YUbPL1¡ÞJUbPQ3JUR^nsMxYUHKJUHZLNM
f8QSJ”¡7Q\Q\M OPHKáqQ\RkQ\M{J}LNRUHKQ\M{Jln|J^HZLsMPYFHZMèJUbPQ–[NR^n;OPHZQSMœJodrsLNRkJUHZj\H±Ja`XpxvwnsMPQ ) ª¾ªx§ªs°P§P°Pªs§P°œ­ - n;MPO
J^bxQ\HZReRkQ\Yk_PvKJUYun;RUQ–YU_PhihÐnsRUHKT\Q\OžHKM¨ÈHZ[P…Öªx…
‹VHZhiHZvZnsRÈLsRUHZQSM{Jln;JUHZLNMon;vPfqQSbon£raHZLN_PR¡cnsY LNfPYUQSRkrsQ\O虚LNR’Kv `sLsJ^RkLNpPHKjeY•`aYkJUQ\hiY‘€š™šLsRQjixnshhd
pPvKQs§¬™šLNRJ^bPQ’J^QSRUMonsoR `–hÐ?H iaJ^_PRkQ YkLVOxHZ_PhÞOxLVOPQS¯j `avaYU_PvKpPbon;JUŸQ Ž;OPQSj£nsMxLN v ŽsG y ) °fª - „d§|YU_P[N[sQ\YkJod
HZMx[AJUbon;JeJUbP{Q ÚoHZpPpxHZMP[ÑpPbxQ\MPLNhiQ\MxLNM HKYej\LNhihiLNMžHZM`YUL;™›JujSLNMPOPQSMPYUQSO¥hÐn;JUJUQ\ReoY `VY]J^QShÐYS…
¨ÈHZMPnsvZv `N§n»RkQ\j\QSM{JXY]J^_PO `$Ls™?ŽIHZ[sHZvZO ‹jœ—³Ž‘ ) °N° - LNMoY `VhihiQSJ^RkHZjèvZnshiQ\vZvZnsjQ d ™šLNRUhiHZMx[
p8LNKv `5€‚jj `aj\vZLsbPjQ i8`avZQdJ^fb `avZQ\MxQ1„\€ígea„ dpqLNv `NQdJ^fb `avZQ\MxQ{€í „?pqQSMœJ^nsfPvKLVjlWä€ígF gF7ge„?RUQSpqLNR]J^QSOJUbPQ
p8Q\RUp8Q\MxOPHZjS_PvwnsR3vwn;hÐQSvZvwn;QÑn;JDvZL1¡™šRU¯Q ʜ_PQ\MPjSHZQSY`€ ó 0 ËN¯N¯ ˜A„–nsMPO §YU_PRkpPRUHKYUHZMx[NKv `s§Èn¥OxHZoY d
LNRkOPQ\RkQ\O»Y]Jln;JUQÑn;JubPHZ[NbxQ\Ru™šRk›Q ʜ_PQSMPj\HKQ\Y\…u“ebPHZYufqQSbon£raHZLN_PRuHZYuHZM»niOPR^n;YkJ^HKjzOPHKY^ns[sRUQ\QShÐQSM{J
¡?HKJUb¥¨HZ[P… ­nsMPOR^nsHKYUQSY}JUbP_Q Êa_xQ\YkJUHZLNM Ls™ÈJUbPQ–HZM ÚP_PQ\MPjSQDL;™ÚhiLNvZQSj\_PvZnsRFYkJURU_PjdJ^_PRkQDLsMJUbPQ
ÚoHKpPpPHZMx[ÑpPbPQ\MxLNhÐQSMPLNM …
Ð>U<›Ci<?/¬9|4€C <?/;/N2BL¡Jè/£@
ŒuM{JUHZvÈMxL¬¡nžY•`aYkJUQ\hÐn;J^HKjÑYkJ^_xO`ºLs™’J^bxQiQeiVpqQSRUHZhiQ\M{J^nsvÈLNfxYUQ\R]r;n;J^HKLNMPY‘OPQSYUj\RkHZf8Q\Oþnsf8L¬rsQ
bonsY`MPL;J`fqQSQ\MápqQSRk™šLNRkhÐQSO …t}QSrNQSRkJUbPQ\vKQ\YUYS§–YULNhiQºYUQSponsR^n|J^QnsYUp8Q\jdJ^Y`bon£rNQþn;JkJ^R^n;jSJ^QSO
YUHK[NMPH±¦oj£nsM{J}n;JkJ^QSMœJUHZLNM5…
k¦oRUY]J [NRULN_xpDLs™aY]J^_POPHKQ\Y OPQ\nsvZY ¡?H±J^b‘r;nsRUHKLN_PYpPbPQSMPLNhiQ\Mon?_PMPOxQ\R YUbPQ\nsR fP_xJ OPLaQ\Y MPL;J
J^RkQ£n;J–JUbPQALNRUHKQ\M{Jln;JUHZLNMPnsvJUR^nsMPYkHKJUHZLNMPYSh… kMþHZM Úo_xQ\MPjSQiL;™Fj\Ls_PpPvZHKMP[žf8QSJ”¡7Q\Q\MYUbPQ\nsRzn;MPO
MPQ\nsoR dj\RUH±J^HKj£ns&v Úo_xjSJ^_Pn;J^HKLNMPY}LNM¥J^bxQzYkJURU_PjdJ^_PRUnsv §=hiQ\jlbon;MPHZj\nsvÈn;MPO¥LNpVJ^HZj\nsv pPRULspqQSRkJ^HKQ\Y}Ls™
J^bxQFOPHZYkLNRUOxQ\RUQSOApPbonsYkQeLs™=fPvZLajlW3j\LNp8LNKv `ahiQ\RhÐQSvKJ^Y®¡Fn;Yj\LNMPYkHZOPQSRUQSOiff `¨=RkQ\OPRkHZjlWœYULsMÐn;MPO
j\L d¡7LNRUW;Q\RUY HZMi‡?QS™šYS… ) °œ«œ§{°{Ëx§{°œÊœ§{°{Çx§{°{É - §{™šLNvKvZL1¡?HZMx[IYUHKhÐHKvwnsRYkJ^_xOPHZQSY L;™ OPQu•‘Q\MPMPQSY ) «s¯ HZMÑvKœH ʜ_PHKOÑj\•R `aY]JlnsvKY7n;MPOÐy‘Mœ_PWœH8nsMPOiŠ–n£¡Fn;Y^nsWœH ) «aªs§a«N­ - HZMAfPHKMons•R `zhÐ?H iaJ^_PRkQ\Y\…ÚgFn;J^QSYcn;MPO
¤ HKvZMPQSR ) « ª - j\LNMxYUHZOxQ\RUQSOXn‘OPHKYULNRkOPQ\¢R xavwn;hÐQSvZvwn;Q JUR^nsMPYkHKJUHZLNMAnsMxOÐpPRkQ\OPHKjSJUQ\OÐnsMAHZMPjSRUQ£n;YUQ?Ls™
J^bxQ JUR^nsMPYkHKJUHZLNM‘J^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_xRUQ’_PMPOPQSRYkbPQ£n;R\§s¡?bPHKjlbzvZn;J^QSR ¡FnsYjQ iVp8Q\RUHKhÐQSM{JlnsvKKv `IjSLNMx¦oRkhÐQSO
ff `䊑LNpPpPH ‹j–—®Ž‘ ) ª¬« - …Ñ“ebPQ\HKRI¡cLNRkW»¡Fn;Y3hiLaOPHK¦oQSOºff `þ¤¥ns¥R ʜ_PQSYzn;MPOþgFn;J^QSY ) «;° - n;MPO
gu_PnsMP[ÐnsMPO ¤ _xJUba_xWa_xhXnsR ) «N« - JULiHKMPj\vK_POPQIJUbPQ–bPjQ ixns[NLsMonsvpPbon;YUQs…
kYkQ\j\LsMPOº[NRULs_Pp»Ls™Y]J^_POxHZQ\YQ\hipPvZDL `aYuJUbPQzjSLNMPj\QSpxJ‘Ls™ÈJ^bPQYkbPQ£n;oR d”HKM Úo_PQSMPj\QzLNM JUbPQ
z|{ J
¨
T ä.åMUãDVXWNâå T ã}ä
j\RkHKJUHZj£n;vÚo_PjdJ^_on;JUHZLNMxYiJULþY]J^_PO`JUbPQ LsRUHZQSM{Jln;JUHZLNMon;vcJ^RUnsMPYUH±J^HKLNMPY\… “ebPQ¥jSHKJUQ\O¡cLNRkWfT`
gFn;JUQ\Y7nsMPOž¤HZvZMxQ\R « ª YUbPL1¡7Q\OXJUbon;J7YUbPQ\nsR ÚoL1¡ŸnsMPHKYULsJURULNpPHKj£nsvKKv `3YU_xpPpPRUQSYUYkQ\YFJ^bxQujSRUHKJUHd
j£n;v Úo_PjSJU_on;JUHZLNMPY¡?bP) HKjlbX- n;RUQ?RUQSYUp8LNMPYUHKfPvZQe™šLNRvKL1¡cQSRUHZMx[–JUbPQ?LNRUOxQ\RUHKMP[‘J^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_PRkQe™šRULNh
HKJUYIhiQ£ns-M d ¦oQ\vKO¥r;nsvZ_xQs…zgcLNMPYUHKOPQ\RkHZMP[èJUbPQÑYkJURU_PjdJ^_PRkQALs™’J^bPQAnsMxHZYUL;J^RULsTp `s§5J^bxLNYUQins_xJUbPLNRkY
nsRk[N_PQ\OJUbon;JAn;JѦPMPHKJUQèYUbPQ\nsRÑR^n|J^Q\YJUbPQ`pqQSRUp8Q\MPOxHZj\_xvwnsRDLNRUHKQ\M{Jln;JUHZLNMHZYÑYkJ^nsfPvKQžn;JJUbPQ
LNRkOPQ\pR d”OPHKYULNRkOPQ\ReJ^RUnsMPYkHKJ^HKLNM …c¨=RkQ\OPRkHZjlWœYULsM ) «sË - YUbPnspqQSO¥J^bxHZY?HZM{J^_xHKJ^H±rNQ3nsRk[N_PhiQ\M{J}HZM{J^LÐn
j\LsMPYUHKYkJ^QSM{J}JUbPQ\Ls•R ``nsMxO YkbPL1¡cQSO §8nsOPOPH±J^HZLsMonsvZv `N§{J^bPn;JeJ^bPQ–pon;R^nsvKvZQ\vqLNRUHKQ\M{Jln|J^HZLsM`nspPp8Q£nsRkY
n;JersQ\•R ``YkhXn;vZv YkbPQ£nsR?RUn;J^QSY\… ˆ”MPj\LNRkpqLsR^n;JUHZMP[JUbPQ–hÐQSjlbonsMPHKj£nsvjSLNM{J^R^n;YkJ}fqQdJ”¡cQSQ\M ¶ n;MPO
¹ hiLNMPLNhiQ\RkYèff `ƒhÐnsWœHZMP[JUbPQ»raHZYkj\LNYkHKaJ `ƒLsRUOPQSoR d”pPnsR^nshiQSJUQ\pR d”OPQSpqQSMPOPQ\M{J\§I¨oRUQSOPRUHKjlWaYkLNM
pPRkQ\OPHKjSJ^QSO$J^bPQÐpqQSRUp8Q\MPOxHZj\_xvwnsSR xponsRUnsvZvKQ\vÚJUR^nsMPYkHKJUHZLNMþ_PpqLsM$OPQ\jSRUQ\nsYUQèL;™eJ^Q\hip8Q\R^n|J^_PRkQ
n;J¦PMPHKJUQèYUbPQ\nsRÑR^n|J^Q\YS…“ebœ_PYS§ JUbP;Q k»d3n;MPO
© dJUR^nsMPYkHKJUHZLNMþHZM¨ÈHK[P… ­`¡cQSRUQ`YU_PjSj\QSYUYk™š_xvZKv `
OPQSYUj\RkHZf8Q\OA¡?HKJUbPHZMALNMPQe™šRUnshÐQd¡cLsRUW=…Ú“ebPQu
g dJUR^nsMxYUHKJUHZLNM5§NbPL1¡cQdrNQSR\§xj\nsMPMPL;J7f8Q?OPQ\Ykj\RkHZf8Q\O
ff`èJ^bPn;J?J^bPQSLN•R ` ) ª - …
kMPL;J^bPQSR?nspPpPRkL{nsjlbè¡cnsYe_PYUQSO`Tf `èGIRULNvKQSJ ‹jœ—tŽ‘ ) «NÊ - ¡?bPLÑj\LNMxYUHZOxQ\RUQSOn £ ‹¥ŽŒ‡¢ ¼|‹j‘™
j\Ls_PpPvZHKMP[?fqQdJ”¡cQSQ\MY]J^Rk_PjSJU_PRUQ7nsMP_O ÚoL1¡–…È“ebPjQ `3YUbPL1¡7Q\OzJUbon;J J^bPQJUR^nsMPY]rNQSRUYUQcLNRUHKQ\M{Jln;JUHZLNM
Ls™uvwnshiQ\vKvwnsQiHZYAn;fPYULNvK_xJ^QSKv `þ_PMPY]JlnsfPvKQn;JinsvZv7YUbPQ\nsRAR^n;JUQ\YS§7fP_VJi™‚n;HZvZQSOJ^LäOPHKYUjSRUHZhiHZMPn;J^Q
f8QSJ”¡7Q\Q\M¥YkJln;fPHZvKHKaJ `iLs™ÈJUbPQ–pqQSRUp8Q\MPOxHZj\_xvwnsRen;MPO pPnsR^nsvKvZQSv5LNRkHZQ\M{J^n;J^HKLNMPY\…
¤ _Pjlb vZL1¡cQSRžJ^Q\hip8Q\R^n|J^_PRkQ\Yž¡cQSRUQj\LNMxYUHZOxQ\RUQSO HKM ) «sÇa§}«sÉx§eËs¯ - ¡?bPQSRUQäJ^bPQä¯Q áqQ\jdJ
Ls™YUbPQ\nsRXLNM YUhiQ\jdJ^HZjvZKH ʜ_PHZOj\oR `aYkJln;vZYA¡FnsYÐYkJU_POPHZQSO …Ÿ“ebPQ\HKRi¡7LNRkW8§cbPL1¡cQdrNQ\RS§uj\nsMPMPL;J
f8Qºj\LNhiponsRkQ\OƒJ^L¨HZ[P… ­YkHZMPjSQ»J^bon;JèOPHwns[sR^nsh ¡Fn;YžLNfxJln;HZMPQSO HZM JUbPQ»raHZj\HKMPHKaJ ` Ls™‘JUbPQ
LNRkOPQ\pR d”OPHKYULNRkOPQ\RJUR^nsMPYkHKJUHZLNM …“ebxQ vKL¬|¡ d J^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_PRkQžjQ iVp8Q\RUHKhÐQSM{JATf ` ) ­sË - HKYAnºfqQdJUJ^QSR
j\Ls_PM{J^Q\RkponsR]J}™šLsRFJ^bPQSYUQ–J^bPQSLNRUHKQ\Y\…
“ebPQ}HZM Úo_xQ\MPjSQ}L;™5YkbPQ£nsR’LNMAJ^bxQ}hiHZjSRULNpxbonsYUQcYUQ\pPnsR^n;JUHZLNMAHKMifxvZLajlWzj\LspqLNv `ahÐQSRhÐQSvKJ^Y
¡cnsY–nsvZYkLžYkJU_POPHZQSOäTf `¥j\LNhipP_xJUQ\R‘YkHZh_PvZn;J^HKLNMPY ) ËVªN§ Ë{­a§¾Ë ªV§ Ës° - C… g}L¬¡7QSrsQ\RS§®JUbPQ\YkQA¡7Q\RkQ
p8Q\Rk™šLsRUhiQ\OèHKM`­sG €šJUbPQ ÚoL1|¡ d”[sR^nsOPHKQ\M{JFpxvwnsMPQ£„d§xnsMPOžj£n;MžMPLsJeYkbPQ\O`vZHK[Nb{JcLsMèJ^bPQIaJ `ap8QILs™
LNRkHZQ\M{J^n;J^HKLNM …“ebPRkQ\eQ d”OPHKhÐQSMPYUHKLNMonsvYUHZhz_Pvwn;JUHZLNMxY¡cQSRUQAp8Q\Rk™šLsRUhiQ\OäHZM ) Ë{«V§ËNË - §®nsMPOºJUbPQ
p8Q\RUp8Q\MxOPHZjS_PvwnsReLsRUHZQSM{Jln;JUHZLNMè¡cnsY?LNfPYkQ\RkrsQ\Oºn|J?hÐLaOPQ\RUn;J^Q‘YkbPQ£n;R}RUn;J^QSY\…
¨ÈHZMPnsvZv `¡7QAvZHKYkJ‘YkLNhÐQzj\LNMPjSQ\pxJUY3JUbon;J‘¡7Q\RkQÐ_PYkQ\Off `ºjQ iVp8Q\RUHKhÐQSM{JlnsvKHZYkJUYJ^L`eQ ixpxvwnsHKM
J^bx!Q ÚoHZpxpPHZMP[XpPbPQ\MxLNhÐQSMPLNM ) Ê - …3‹VLNhiQzj\vZnsHZhiQ\OJ^bon|JIJ^bPQzLNRUHKQ\M{Jln;JUHZLNM¡?HKJUb»hÐHKMPHZhz_Ph
hiLVOP_xvZHNHKY®YkQ\vKQ\jSJUQ\O ) ­NÊ - % L;J^bPQSRUYÈYUcn `3JUbon;JnsvKHZ[NMPQSO–vwcn `NQSRUYÚn;RUQ™šLNRUhiQ\O–™šRULsh HZYUL;J^RULspPHZj\nsvZv `
OPHKYkJ^RkHZfP_VJ^Q\O[NRUnsHZMPY?ff `OPLNhÐnsHZM`hiQ\v±J^HZMx[P§P[NRUnsHZMRULsJ^n;J^HKLNM ) «a§5­ ªx§ ªNÉ - §8nsMPO¥HKRURkQSrNQSRUYkHZfPvKQ
RULajlWœHZMP[ ) ª1Ë - 2
… kMPLsJUbPQ\RijQ iVpPvZnsMon;JUHZLNMLs™uJ^bPQ LNRUHKQ\M{Jln;JUHZLNMPnsvcJ^RUnsMPYkHKJ^HKLNMPYAHZYAfon;YUQ\O LNM
Q\M{J^nsMP[NvKQ\hiQ\M{JFjQ á5QSjSJ ) ª¬Ê - (… kvKv=JUbPQ\YkQ‘HZOPQ\nsY\§af8Q\HZMx[HZM{J^_xHKJ^H±rNQ}HZMÐMon;J^_xRUQs§xMPQSrsQ\RFvKQ\OXJULÑn
•Y `aY]J^Q\hÐn;JUHZj3nsMPO`j\LsMPYUHKYkJ^QSM{JeQ ixpxvwnsMon|J^HZLsMžLs™JUbPQ–pPbPQSMPLNhiQ\MPLNM5…
3B /¬>”9CX2 4!E /10u9S@ /1032@q9S@
“ebPQ3nsHKh+Ls™®J^bPHKYF¡cLsRUWžHZYFJULinsMPYk¡7Q\R?J^bxQ–™šLsvZvZL1¡?HKMP[Cʜ_PQ\Y]J^HKLNMPY›b
’ g}L¬¡ OPLaQ\YFJUbPQ‘LNRUOxQ\oR dOPHZYkLNRUOxQ\RcJUR^nsMPYkHKJUHZLNMXJUQ\hipqQSR^n;JU_PRUQOPQ\p8Q\MPOLNMèJUbPQ‘ponsRUnsh@d
QdJ^Q\RkYuL;O™ ÚoL1¡ €šYUbPQ\nsRRUn;J^Q–LNR}nshipPvZH±J^_POxQ–nsMPO`™šRU›Q ʜ_PQSMP¯j `x„n;MPO hiLNvKQ\j\_xvwnsR?nsRkjlbPH d
JUQ\jSJU_PRU¥Q ¤
£
à
ãDW.劌 T ä*æ½ãD†¬åŠ¦ T çhåM¦Oæfç T ç
’ mŸbon|J?pPbfV` YkHZj\nsv hÐQSjlbonsMPHKYUhiY?nsRUQ–RUQSYUp8LNMPYkHZfPvKQI™šLNReYU_Pjlb fqQSbon£raHZLN_PRQ¤
’ mŸbPHKjlbLNRkHZQSMœJ^n;J^HKLNMLs™cJUbPQXLNRkOPQ\RkQ\OþpPbonsYkQº€‚vZnshiQ\vZvZnsR\§5bPQjxi ns[NLsMonsv›„‘HZY–Y]JlnsfPvKQXn|J
[NH±rNQSM pon;R^nshiQSJUQ\RUYeL;™oÚ L1¡ÞnsMPOhÐLNvKQ\jS_PvwnsRcnsRUjlbxHKJ^QSjSJU_PRUQ§¤
m bon|J?HZYeJ^bPQ–hiQ\jlbon;MPHZYkh+Ls™HKJUY}YkQ\vKQ\jSJUHZLNM¨¤
Ÿ
mQ3¡?HZvKv_PYUQÑnihÐLaOPH±¦oj£n;JUHZLNMžL;™ÚJ^bPQ3J^bPQSLNR•`ff`¥¨=RkQ\OPRkHZjlWœYULsM ) «;Ë - J^Lèn;MPYk¡7Q\RJUbPQ\YkQ
ʜ_PQ\Y]J^HKLNMPY\…ГebPRULs_P[NbPLN_VJ3JUbPHZY‘JUbPQ\YkHZY–¡cQA¡?HZvKvnsYUYk_PhiQAJUbon;J–J^bxQiJUQ\hipqQSR^n;JU_PRUQAHZYIrsQ\Ro`
j\vKLNYUQÑJULJUbPQÐLsRUOPQSoR d”OxHZYULsRUOPQSR–JUR^nsMxYUHKJUHZLNMäLNMxQ¥€›™šRULNhÖQSHKJUbPQ\R–YUHKOPQ1„†§®¡?bxHZjlbjSLNRURkQ\YkpqLNMxOPY
J^LiJ^bPQD¡cQ\ns¾W d”YUQS[NRUQS[{n;JUHZLNM»RkQ\[NHKhÐQ ) ­ - …}ˆ”M¥JUbPHZYuYUHKJU_on;JUHZLNM`J^bPQzLNRUOPQSRUQSO»hÐHKj\RkLNYkJURU_PjdJ^_PRkQ
HZYDMPLsJ¡7Q\vKv dOPQS¦oMxQ\OnsMPOj\nsMf8Qs§fonsYkHZj\nsvZv `N§raHKQS¡7Q\OnsYAn¥Yk_PpqQSRUp8LNYUH±J^HKLNM$Ls™eJUbPQ\RkhXnsv
Úo_PjdJ^_on|J^HZLsMPY\…–ˆ”M{J^QSR^nsjdJ^HZLsMf8QSJ”¡7Q\QSMþYkbPQ£n;tR ÚoL1¡n;MPOºJ^bPQSYUQÑMPQ\nsoR dj\RUH±J^HKj£ns"v Úo_PjdJ^_on;JUHZLNMxY
HZYejSvwnsHKhÐQSOèJ^LAf8Q–JUbPQ–j£ns_xYUQ–Ls™®J^bPQ–LNRkHZQ\M{J^n;J^HKLNMonsv8J^R^n;MPYUH±J^HZLsMPY\…
“ebPHZYžJUbPQ\YkHZY`HZYžLNRk[{nsMPHKT\QSO n;Y虚LNvZvKL¬¡?YS…ˆ”M gcbonspxJUQ\R䪺¡cQäRUQdraHZQS¡J^bPQºpPRkQSraHZLs_PY
pPRkLN[NRUQSYUYIHKM¥_PMxOPQ\RkYkJln;MPOPHZMx[èJ^bPQD›Q ʜ_PHZvKHZfPRkHZ_Ph+pPbonsYkQfqQSbon£raHZLN_PRuLs™ ¶¹ fPvZLajlW`j\LNp8LNv `Td
hiQ\R3hÐQSvKJ^YS…ž¨ÈHKRUYkJ–¡7QèpPRkQ\YUQSM{JJ^bPQihiQ£ns-M d ¦oQ\vKOJUbPQ\Ls•R `ff `,ÔQSHZfPvKQ\R ) Ë{Ê - ™šLNRDOxHZfPvKLVjlWœY\…
“ebPQSMä¡7QAYUbPL1¡#bPL1¡#JUbPHZYuJ^bPQSLN•R `¥j£nsMºf8QÑ[NQ\MxQ\R^n;vZHZTSQ\O¥™šLsR‘nsRUfxHKJ^RUns•R ``JULNpqLsvZLN[ `Ls™ ¶¹
fPvKLVjlWjSLNp8LNKv `ahiQ\RUYS*… kY nsMÐjQ ixnshipPvZQ;§N¡cQ}J^RkQ£n;J bPHK[NbPKv `fdfPR^nsMxjlbPQ\OÐnsMPOiRUHKMP[–j\LNp8LNKv `ahiQ\RkY
nsMPOäj\nsvZjS_Pvwn;JUQDJUbPQ\HKR‘pPbonsYkQÑOPHwns[sR^nshiY\I… kFJ‘J^bPQÑQSMPOº¡cQApPRkQ\YkQ\M{J–J^bPhQ Úo_PjdJ^_on|J^HZLsM»J^bPeQ d
LNoR `ºff `ä¨oRUQ\OxRUHZjlWœYkLNMn;MP,O g}Q\v±™‚nsMPO ) ËsÇ - …Ðgcbon;pxJ^QSRiªAjSLNM{JlnsHKMPY3ns-_ iVHZvKHwnsoR `¥hÐn;J^QSRUHZnsv®™šLsR
vwn|J^Q\R‘Y]J^_POxHZQ\YS§®nsvKJUbPLN_P[NbäH±J–hÐHK[Nb{J‘fqQA_PYkQS™š_PvڙšLsR‘YULNhiQ\LNMxQiHKM{J^Q\RkQ\Y]J^Q\OþHZMä›Q ʜ_PHKvZHKfPRUHK_Ph
pPRkLNpqQSRkJUHZQ\YeL;™ ¶¹ fxvZLajlWXj\LspqLNv `ahÐQSRUY\…
gcbonspxJUQ\R­ž™šLNRkh_PvZn;J^QSY–nJ^bxQ\LNRkQSJ^HKj£nsvڙšRUnshiQS¡7LNRUW»¡?bPHKjlbþ¡7QènsRkQA[NLNHZMx[`JUL¥_PYkQiJUL
jQ iVpPvZnsHZMJ^bxQ LNRkHZQSMœJ^n;J^HKLNMonsv7J^R^n;MPYUH±J^HZLsMPY\…mQj\LsMPYUHKOPQ\RAJ^bPQvwn;hÐQSvZvwn;RpPbonsYkQ¥n;MPO _PYkQ
¨oRUQSOPRUHKjlWaYkLN&M Õ Y nspPpPRkL{nsjlbAJ^L‘¦oMPOAJ^bPQ?RkQ\vwn|J^HKrsQeYkJ^nsfPHZvKHKaJ `DLs™=J^bPQ?p8Q\RkpqQSMPOPHZjS_Pvwn;R’nsMPOAponspR d
nsvKvZQ\vLsRUHZQSM{Jln;JUHZLNMPY3_PMPOxQ\RY]J^Q£n;O `YkbPQ£n;!R ÚoL1¡–…¥mþQС?HZvKv’MPLsJjSLNMPYkHZOPQSRDJ^bxQXJ^RUnsMPYkrsQ\RkYUQ
LNRkHZQ\M{J^n;J^HKLNMÐHKMÐJUbPHZY J^bPQSYUHZYS…ˆ”M`nsOPOPH±J^HKLNMiJUL¨oRUQSOPRUHKjlWœYULN&M Õ YF¦oMPOxHZMP[NYS§a¡7QIvKLVj\n;J^Q?J^bPQpqL d
YUH±J^HKLNMXLs™ JUbPtQ k»d J^RUnsMPYUH±J^HKLNMènsMxOžj\LNMPYkHZOPQSRFQ£n;RUKv `ÐYkJ^ns[NQSYFLs™®hÐHKj\RkLNpPbonsYkQYkQ\ponsRUn;J^HKLNM *… kuY
nRkQ\YU_xvKJ£§NnsvZhiLNYkJÈnsvKva™šQ\n;J^_PRkQ\Y?€‚nsponsR]JșšRkLNh'JUbPQ?
g d J^R^n;MPYUH±J^HZLsM=„ L;™8¨ÈHZ[P… ­un;RUQFRkQ\pPRkLVOP_xj\Q\O5…
gcbonspxJUQ\R ªDj\LsMœJ^nsHZMxY7YkHZhiHZvwn;RÚj£nsvKj\_PvZn;J^HKLNMPY™šLNRJ^bxQbPeQ iPn;[NLNMonsv=pPbPnsYUQ‘n;MPOXOPHKYUjS_PYUYkQ\Y
YULshÐQiHZhipqLsRkJln;MœJ–HKM{J^Q\RkMonsv’•Y `ahihÐQdJ^RkHZQ\Y3Ls™cLN_PR3hÐLaOPQ\ví…è“ebPQÐjQ iVpqQSRUHKhÐQSMœJ^nsv’OPHwn;[NR^nsh§
¨ÈHK[P… ªV§xHZYeRkQ\pPRkLVOx_Pj\QSO …
gcbonspxJUQ\R °eOPHKYUj\_xYUYUQSY®JUbPQ’HZM ÚP_PQ\MPjSQLs™VhÐLNvKQ\jS_PvwnsRqnsRkjlbPHKJUQ\jSJU_PRUQ’LNMIJUbPQ’LNRUHKQ\M{Jln|J^HZLsMonsv
f8Q\bon£raHZLN_xR\…ˆJHZY3YUbxL¬¡?MJUbon;J3J^bPQÐpPbonsYkQèOPHwn;[NR^nshiY–LNfxJ^nsHZMPQSO$HZM$gcbonspxJUQ\RkYA­ nsMxSO ª
nsRkQuYkpqQSj\HK¦Pju™šLNR’J^bPQuOPHZfxvZLajlWj\LNp8LNv `VhiQ\RkYcn;MPOènsRkQuMxLsJcMxQ\j\QSYUYUnsRUHKKv `AJ^bPQuY^nshiQ?™šLNR7L;J^bPQSR
J^LspqLNvKLN[NHKQ\YFLs™ÈpqLsKv `ahÐQSRUY3€›J^RUHKfPvZLajlWœY\§oY]JlnsRkY\§=QSJUjs… „d…7mþQ‘¦oMPO¥nipon;R^nshiQSJUQ\RFJ^bPn;J}[NL1rNQ\RkMPY
J^bxHZ½Y qkpPbPnsYUQ–OPHZns[NR^n;h+YUQSvZQSjSJ^HKLNM sP…
ˆ”MgcbonspxJUQ\R–«A¡cQYk_P[N[NQSYkJIJUbon;JuJ^bPQ
g dJ^RUnsMPYkHKJ^HKLNM¥HKYuMxLsJ‘nsM¥HZM{J^QSRUMonsv®pPRkLNpqQSRkaJ ` Ls™
J^bxQIhÐQSvKJ\§afx_xJeHZY7j£ns_xYUQ\O`ff `XnpPRUQd™šQ\RURkQ\OžHKMœJUQ\RUnsjSJUHZLNMÐLs™J^bPQYUbPQ\nsoR dj\Q\vKvq¡cnsvZvKY ¡?H±J^bžLNMxQ
Ls™?J^bxQjSLNhipqLNMxQ\M{J^YÑLs™?JUbPQ`hÐQSvKJ£…þ©FnsYkQ\OLNM$J^bxHZYAnsYkYU_PhipxJ^HKLNM §¡7QLsfxJlnsHKMnºpPbonsYkQ
OPHZns[NR^n;hYUHKhÐHKvwnsR3J^L$¨HZ[P… ­V…ˆJ£§FbPL1¡7QSrsQ\R\§?OPLaQ\YiMPLsJÐj\LsMœJ^nsHZMJ^bxQº
g dJUR^nsMxYUHKJUHZLNM5§7fP_VJ
YUbxL¬¡?YiYULshÐQ`p8Q\j\_xvZHwn;RÑfqQSbon£rVHKLN_PR¡?bPHKjlb §ensYÑ¡7Q¥n;RU[N_PQ;§ ¡cnsYihÐHKYUHKMœJUQ\RkpPRUQdJ^Q\OnsYÑJUbPQ
g dJUR^nsMxYUHKJUHZLNM5…
’
©
T ä.åMUãDVXWNâå T ã}ä
”ˆ Mžgcbon;pxJ^QSRc˖¡cQ}j\LNMxYUHZOxQ\R7nsMÐLsYUj\HKvZvZn;J^LNRo`zYkbPQ£n;RZÚoL1¡–…ÈmþQuYkbPL1¡ J^bon|J JUbPQ}LNRUHKQ\M{Jlnd
J^HKLNMonsvaf8Q\bon£raHZLN_xRÚHZYÚ[sL¬rsQ\RkMPQ\Oiff`zJ^bxQcJ^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_PRkQs§œnshipPvKHKJ^_xOPQ ó nsMPOљšRUQ¯Êa_xQ\MPjj` > Ls™
J^bxQtÚoL1¡–… ˆ”M`YkLNhÐQ‘pPnsRkJUYeLs™ J^bPQ–pPbon;YUQ‘OPHZns[NR^n;h JUbPQ–nshipPvZH±J^_POPQnsMPOž™šRUQ¯Êœ_PQ\MPjj``Q\M{J^QSR
nsvKv›Q ʜ_on;JUHZLNMPYunsY}LNMPQ3ponsRUnshÐQdJ^QSR\§ ó > §=nsMPOJ^bPQSRUQ–J^bP§Q ª¥«­¬J^R^n;MPYUH±J^HZLsMvKHZMPQ–f8Q\bon£rsQ\Y
nsY óQ®°¯ 6 >D §PnsY?LNfPYUQSRkrsQ\O»ff `5ÔQ\HKYkJ ‹j–—tŽ‘ ) ­N­ - …
¨ÈHZMPnsvZv `N§aHZM`GIHZYkj\_PYkYUHKLNMnsMPO gcLNMPjSvZ_PYkHZLNMž¡7Q3pxRUQ\YkQ\M{JuLN_PRejQ iVpPvZnsMon;JUHZLNMXLs™JUbPQ–pPbPeQ d
MPLNhiQ\MxLNM …Ȉ”MzLN_PRÈLspPHZMPHKLNMDJUbPQcLsRUHZQSM{Jln;JUHZLNMon;vœJUR^nsMxYUHKJUHZLNMxYÈnspxpqQ\nsRÈOP_xQ7J^LuJ^bPQcJUQ\MPOxQ\MPjj `
Ls™ÚJUbPQ3j\RUH±J^HKj£ns&v Úo_xjSJ^_Pn;J^HKLNMPYuJULènsvKHZ[NM`HKMJUbPQzYUnshÐQ3OPHKRUQ\jdJ^HKLNM …eŒ}MPOPQ\RuYUbPQ\nsR\§8J^bPIQ Úo_Pej d
J^_Pn;J^HKLNM$YUp8Q\jdJ^Rk_Ph f8Q\jSLNhÐQSYÑnsMPHKYULsJURULNpxHZjs… mQèOxHZYUjS_PYUYÑbxL¬¡+nsMn;MPHZYkLsJ^RkLNpPHZjÐOPQ\MxYUHKaJ `
Ls*™ ÚP_PjSJU_on;J^HKLNMPY}YkJ^nsfPHZvKHZTSQ\Y?ponsR]J^HZjS_Pvwn;R}LsRUHZQSM{Jln;JUHZLNMnsMPO¥HZM Úo_xQ\MPjSQ\YJUbPQDLsRUOPQSoR d”OxHZYULsRUOPQSR
J^RUnsMPYkHKJ^HKLNMèJ^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_xRUQs…
) + þ'
²
³
±
% 3´ % "
) º
´
) ¶µ % Iy MPQXL;™eJ^bPQÐ[NRUQ\n;J^QSYkJjlbPnsvZvKQ\MP[NQSYD™šLNR–J^bxQ\LNRkQSJ^HKj£nsv p8LNvK`ahiQ\R3YUj\HKQ\MPjSQèHZY–J^L¥pPRUQSOPHZjdJDJUbPQ
pPbon;YUQžf8Q\bon£raHZLN_xRLs™}n»p8LNvK`ahiQ\RzYo`aYkJ^QSh ¡?HKJUb$[NH±rNQ\MhiLNvKQ\j\_xvwnsR3YkJURU_PjdJ^_PRkQs…“ebPQžRUQed
ʜ_PHZRkQ\OXJUbPQ\LsR•`ÐYUbPLN_xvZOèQeixpxvZHZjSHKJUvK`ÑjSLNM{JlnsHKMèhÐLsvZQ\jS_Pvwn;RponsR^n;hÐQdJ^Q\RkYFnsMxOžfqQnsfPvZQ?J^LzpPRUQed
OPHKjSJ‘J^bxQ\RUhiLaO `aMonshiHZj£n;vZKv ``Y]JlnsfxvZQÑpPbon;YUQ\YЀ›¡?bon;J^QdrNQSR3JUbP¯Q `än;RUQ1„In;MPOJUQ\hipqQSR^n;JU_PRUQSY‘Ls™
J^RUnsMPYkHKJ^HKLNMPYef8QSJ”¡7Q\QSM»J^bPQSh Z… kponsR]J?™šRULNh+JUbPQ–J^bPQSLNRUQdJ^HZj\nsvHZM{JUQ\RUQSYkJ}J^bPHKY?pPRULNfxvZQ\h+HZY?Ls™
[NRkQ£n;JuHZMPOx_PYkJURUHwn;vHZhipqLNR]JlnsMxj\Qs…F‹VHZMxj\Q–J^bPQDhÐQSjlbonsMPHKj£nsvpPRkLNp8Q\RkJUHZQSYuLs™ÈJ^bPQ3pPbonsYkQ\YIbPn1rsQ
f8Q\Q\MþYkJU_POPHZQSO ʜ_PH±J^QÑ¡7Q\vZvH±J–HZY–_PYkQS™š_PvJ^LpPRkQ\OPHKjSJ–J^bPQAjSLNMPOPH±J^HZLsMPY‘_PMPOPQSR3¡?bxHZjlbþJUbPQ\YkQ
pPbon;YUQ\Y}nsRkQIYkJ^nsfPvKQs…ˆ”MèJ^bxQ–nsfPYUQSMPj\Q–Ls™®Yk_Pjlb pxRUQ\OxHZjSJUHZLNMxYcJ^bPQjQ iVpqQSRUHKhÐQSMœJ^nsv YkQ£nsRkjlb`™šLsR
pPbon;YUQ\YF¡?H±J^bXJUbPQIOPQSYUHKRUQ\OžpxRULNp8Q\R]J^HZQSYFj\Ls_PvZOXJ^nsWs…Q `NQ£n;RUY\…’ˆ”MèJUbPQIpPRkQ\YUQSM{J?YUHKJU_on;JUHZLNMÐLs™®n
R^n;pPHZOPv `XHKMPj\RkQ£nsYkHZMP[AMœ_Phf8Q\R?Ls™ÈMPL1rNQSv®hÐn;JUQ\RUHZnsvZY7QSrsQ\MºnÑj\Rk_POPQ–J^bPQSLNRUQdJ^HKj£nsv hiLaOPQ\vj\nsM
bPQSvZpni[sRUQ£n|J?OPQ£nsvHKM`OPHZRkQ\jSJ}n;pPpPvZHKj£n;JUHZLNMxY\…
khiLNMP[iJ^bPQ3•Y `aYkJUQ\hiYILs™HKM{J^Q\RkQ\Y]J‘nsRkQDYkLNvZ_xJUHZLNMxYuLs™ÚbPLNhiLNpqLsKv `ahÐQSRUYS§ofPvZLajlWžj\LNp8LNv `Td
hiQ\RXhiQ\v±J^YS§FfPvZQSMPOPYžn;MPOƒYULLNM …Þˆ”M JUbPHZYiJ^bPQSYUHKYX¡cQ ™šLVjS_PYXLN_xRèn;JkJ^Q\M{JUHZLNMƒLsMƒpPbonsYkQ
J^RUnsMPYkHKJ^HKLNMPY}HZM¥JUbPQ ¶¸·¹ fPvKLVjlW`j\LspqLNv `ahÐQSRuhiQ\v±J^Y\…‘‹V_PjlbänXY]J^_PO `¥RU¯Q Êa_xHZRUQSY‘nsMänspxpPRUL d
pPRkHwn;JUQ3hiLaOPQ\v ™šLNR?J^bxQDp8LNKv `ahiQ\R?jlbonsHKMPY\…eˆ™È¡cQ3¡cLN_xvZO¥f8Q3HZM{J^QSRUQ\Y]J^QSO»HZM niYkHZMP[svZjQ djlbonsHKM
j\LsMx™šLNRUhÐn;JUHZLNMLNRAYUHKhÐHKvwnsRDhÐHKj\RkLNYUjSLNpPHZj`pPRkLNp8Q\RkJUHZQSY\§c¡7Q¡7LN_PvKO bon£rsQ J^LþOPQ£n;v?¡?H±J^b n
OPQdJlnsHKvZQ\Oèn;J^LNhiHZY]J^HKjuOPQSYUjSRUHZpVJ^HZLsMžLs™ J^bPQ‘p8LNKv `ahiQ\RkY\… ‹VHKMPj\Q;§PbPL1¡cQdrNQSR\§o¡cQ–n;RUQ‘HZM{JUQ\RUQSYkJUQ\O
HZMpPbon;YUQDJUR^nsMxYUHKJUHZLNMxY\§P¡?bPHKjlbºnsRUQDnAj\LNvKvZQ\jdJ^H±rNQ–pPbPQSMPLNhiQ\MPLNM5§8¡7Qzj\nsM¥jSLNMPYUHKOPQ\RnArsQ\oR `
YUHKhÐpxvZQÑhiLVOPQSvÚLs™7J^bPQihÐQSvKJ\…XyI_PR–eQ ixp8Q\RkHZQSMPj\Q;§nsj\jS_Ph_PvZn;J^QSOþHKMºJ^bPQ ¤-Œ‡Š­‹j‰±”›Ž‘¡ŠJ 5“8 ¢
’‡“‡‹Ÿ”jŠœ” §sJ^QSvZvP_PYÚJUbon;JJUbPQ?pPbonsYkQ}f8Q\bPn1raHKLN_PRÚHKYh_PjlbihÐLNRkQFYUQSMPYUH±J^H±rNQeJ^LIJUbPQ?•Y `ahÐhiQSJU•R `
pPRkLNpqQSRkJUHZQ\YcLs™J^bPQ‘oY `aYkJ^QSh+J^bPnsMèJ^LJUbPQ‘n;JULNhÐHKYkJUHZj}OPQSJ^nsHZvKYFnsMPOèJUbPQIpPRkQ\jSHZYUQI™šLsRUh Ls™ HZ-M d
J^QSR^nsjdJ^HKLNMPY\…“ebxQ\RUQd™šLNRUQ;§x¡7Q–¡?HKvZvqnsYUYk_PhiQJ^bon|JFJ^bPQ‘hiQ\v±JFjSLNMPYUHKYkJUYeLs™®HZOPQSMœJUHZj\nsvqp8LNv `VhiQ\R
hiLNvZQSj\_PvKQ\Y\§ n;MPOþQ\nsjlbhÐLNvKQ\jS_PvZQjSLNM{JlnsHKMPY–YUQdrNQ\RUnsv’fPvZLajlWœY–Ls™7J”¡7L¥jlbxQ\hiHZj£n;vZKv ` OPHKYkJ^HKMPjSJ
aJ `apqQSYр ¶ n;MPO ¹ „d…PmþQ3¡?HKvZvnsvKYULÐnsYUYk_PhiQ3JUbon;J?J^bPQ3fPvKLVjlWœYunsRU{Q ÚoeQ ixHKfPvZQDnsMPO nspPpxKv `èJUbPQ
•–ns_PYUYkHwnsMY]Jln;JUHZY]J^HZjSYzJ^L»JUbPQžp8LNKv `ahiQ\RzjlbPnsHZMPYS…$Œ}vKJ^HKhXn|J^Q\v `N§®¡?HKJ^bxHZMJUbPHZYÑhiLVOxQ\v7r;nsRkH d
LN_PY}•Y `aY]J^Q\hiYj\nsM¥LsMPKv ``OPH á5QSR?HZM`J^bPQ–J^LsJ^nsvj\LsMœJUQ\M{JIL;™LNMPQ3j\LNhip8LNMPQ\M{J\§=JUbPQ3vZQ\Mx[sJ^bLs™
hiLNvZQSj\_PvKQ\Y7nsMPOÐJUbPQu¡ccn `ÐJUbPQ ¶ nsMPO ¹ fPvKLVjlWœYFn;RUQIn;RUR^n;MP[NQ\OXHZMiLNMPQhiLNvKQ\j\_xvZQs…Ú‹VQSrsQ\RUnsv
nsRkjlbPHKJUQ\jSJU_PRUQSYn;RUQ‘OPQSpPHZjdJ^Q\OHZM¨ÈHK[P…±ªN…Kªs…
˜bonsYUQ3YUQSponsRUn;J^HKLNM`HZYej£n;_PYUQSO ff ``RUQSpP_PvKYUHZLsMžfqQdJ”¡cQSQ\M¥JUbPQ ¶ nsMPO ¹ hÐLNMxLNhÐQSRUYS(… kFJ
bPHK[NbèJ^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_PRkQIJ^bPQ–QSMœJURULNfp `žjSLNM{J^RkHZfP_xJUHZLNMèJULÑJ^bPQ‘™šRUQSQ‘Q\MPQSRU[ `èHZYeOPLNhiHZMPnsM{J?nsMPO`HKJ
©º¹
âI¦„Š‰-åZæFU¼»Ÿ½ 澇W
diblock
star
T Œ TÀ¿ U T W‚Á‰K¦*„Nç‡æ ¿ ‹æ ¦*„ T ã‡WU
triblock
comb
¨ÈHK[N_PRkQªN…±ª¾b ‹VQSrsQ\RUnsv fPvZLajlWèj\LspqLNv`ahÐQSRensRUjlbxHKJ^QSjSJU_PRUQSY
™‚n£rNLN_xRUYn`hiHiVQ\OYkJ^n;J^Q¥€ínOPHZYkLNRUOPQSRUQSOpPbon;YUQ1„†…èmŸbPQ\MJ^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_PRkQÐHKY–vZL1¡cQSRUQSO §JUbPQ
RUQSpP_PvKYUHZLsMèfqQdJ”¡cQSQ\M`hiLNMPLNhiQ\RkYcf8Q\j\LshÐQSYFRUQSvwn;JUHKrNQSKv `iYkJURULNMx[NQ\Ren;MPOXJ^bxQI•Y `aYkJUQ\h+JURUHKQ\Y7JUL
OPQSj\RUQ\nsYUQ?J^bxQeMa_xhfqQSR’Ls™ ¶¸·¹ j\LNM{J^nsjSJUY\…Ú“ebPHKY’[NHKrsQ\YRUHKYUQFJULDn‘hiHZjSRULNpPbPnsYUQFYkQ\pon;R^n;JUHZLNM …
‹VHKMPj\QcJUbPQ ¶ n;MPO ¹ fPvZLajlWœYnsRkQejlbPQ\hiHZj\nsvZv `–j\LNMPMxQ\jSJUQ\O §{JUbP¯Q `zj£nsMPMxLsJ’YUQSponsR^n|J^QFHKMÑYUponsjSQ
HZMV¦oMPHKJUQ\v `N… “ebPQzLNRkOPQ\RkQ\O YkJln|J^Q–J^bPQSM»HZY}nApqQSRUHZLaOPHKjDn;RUR^cn `žL;™’nsvKJUQ\RkMon;J^HKMP[ ¶ nsMPO ¹ OPL d
hÐnsHZMPYS… kuY n‘™š_xMPjSJUHZLNMÑLs™8J^bxQ}hiLNvKQ\j\_xvwnsRponsR^n;hÐQdJ^Q\RkY’nsMPOÑJ^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_xRUQs§NJUbPQe™šLNvZvKL1¡?HZMP[
nsRkR^nsMP[sQ\hiQ\M{J^Y–Ls™ J^bPQAOPLshXnsHKMPYA€šhÐQSYULNpPbPnsYUQSYl„‘bon£rNQifqQSQ\MLsfPYUQSRkrNQSOeQ ixp8Q\RkHZhiQ\M{Jln;vZKv `Rb
J^bxQvwn;hÐQSvZvwn;R}0€ Ôk‘¤»„’pPbonsYkQs§aJ^bPQIbxjQ ixns[NLNMPnsvÚJ€ g* r–„ pPbonsYkQs§VJUbPQIf8LV-O `Tdj\QSMœJUQ\RkQ\-O dj\_PfPHKj
€‚f8j\j£„–pxbonsYUQXnsMPOJ^bPQifPHZjSLNM{J^HKMa_xLN_PY3[ `aRULNHKOƒ€íS• ч„IpPbon;YUQ ) ­V§’ª - …è“ebPQÐYkJ^Rk_PjSJU_PRUQÐLs™
J^bxQ\YUQ pPbonsYkQ\YÐYkJ^RkLNMP[Nv `OPQSpqQSMPOPYèLNMJ^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_xRUQs… ‰s_PYkJXfqQSvZL1¡+JUbPQ LsRUOPQSoR d”OxHZYULsRUOPQSR
J^RUnsMPYkHKJ^HKLNMAJ^Q\hip8Q\R^n|J^_PRkQuJ^bxQjlbonsHKMPYFn;RUQYkvZHK[Nb{J^Kv `YkJ^RkQSJUjlbPQ\OnsMPOÐJ^bPQuhÐQSYULNpPbPnsYUQSYFj\LN8M d
YUHKYkJ}Ls™pqQSRUHKLVOPHKjIpon;JkJ^QSRUMPY?¡?HKJUbLsMPKv `èniYkhXnsvKv5HKMPj\RkQ£nsYkQDHKM`JUbPQ–j\LNM{JUQ\M{JL;™ÈLNMxQ3jSLNhipqL d
MPQSMœJ\…D“ebxHZYIYkHKJ^_Pn;J^HKLNM»HZYuj£nsvKvZQSO x“‡‹C§‹¥Žž¢P”D‹P—‰±‹P—fŽ0ŠPŒ ‰±‹P—Š £ ‹ …3y‘M»JUbPQjSLNM{J^R^n;•R `N§ “‡‹
”jJ‰ŸŒ8—¢P”D‹P—‰±‹P—fŽJŠPŒ‚‰±‹P—Š £ ‹ €šrNQS•R `vZL1¡ J^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_PRkQ\Y^„AHKYÑjlbonsR^n;jSJ^QSRUHKT\Q\O ff `OPLNhÐnsHZMPY
¡?bPHKjlb$nsRkQXnsvKhÐLsYkJ3pP_PRkQÐHKMþLNMxQÐjSLNhÐp8LNMPQSM{J£…`©cLsJUbRkQ\[NHKhÐQSYDn;RUQivZHZhiHKJUHZMP[Ðj£nsYkQ\YÑn;MPO
J^bxQ\RUQd™šLNRUQej\nsMÑf8QFYkJU_POPHZQSOAnsMonsv `œJ^HZj\nsvZv `N… ˆ”MJ^bxQFHZM{J^QSRUhiQ\OPHZn;J^Q7RUQS[NHZhiQ7JUbPQ\RkQeHZYÈMxL‘YUhÐnsvZv
ponsRUnshiQSJ^QSRInsMxOLsMPKv `Mœ_PhiQ\RUHKj£nsvHZM{rNQSYkJUHZ[{n;JUHZLNMxYInsRkQpqLsYUYUHKfPvZQ ) ËNÉ - …–ˆ”MºJ^bxHZYuJUbPQ\YkHZYI¡7Q
¡?HZvKv5OPHKYUjS_PYUY?J^bPQ‘¡7Q£ns¾W d7YUQS[NRUQS[{n;JUHZLNM`vZHKhÐH±JcLsMPKv `s…
“ebPQ’hÐLaOPQSvNHZM{J^RkLVOx_Pj\QSO3™šLNRqJ^bPQ’fPvKLVjlWuj\LNp8LNKv `ahiQ\RhiQ\v±J HZYMxLsJ YU_PH±JlnsfxvZQڙšLNRY]J^_PO `aHKMP[
pPbon;YUQÐJUR^nsMxYUHKJUHZLNMxY\…i“ebPQXpPRkLNfPvKQ\hHKYDpP_xRUQ\v `»J^QSjlbPMPHKj£ns0v bzQSr;nsvK_on;JUHZLNMäLs™7J^bPQiponsR]J^HKJUHZLNM
™š_PMPjdJ^HKLNMº€šLNRFnsfM `iLsJUbPQ\R J^bPQSRUhiLVO `aMon;hÐHK…j ʜ_onsM{JUHKaJ `x„ Rk›Q ʜ_PHZRkQ\YFHKM{J^Q\[sR^n;JUHZLNMiL1rNQ\RFnsvZvPJUbPQ
OPQS[NRUQSQ\YžLs™–™šRUQSQ\OPLsh Ls™–JUbPQ»hiLNMPLNhiQ\RkY\… “ebPHKYXJlnsYkW j\nsMPMPL;J`fqQºn;j\j\LshÐpPvKHZYkbPQ\O n;MPO
HZMxYkJ^Q\nsOƒn;Mƒnsv±J^Q\RkMon;JUHKrNQOPQSYUj\RkHZpxJUHZLNMLs™IJUbPQ¥oY `aYkJ^QSh HKYÐ_xYUQ\O5W
… ÔQdJè_PYÐHZM{J^RkLVOP_xj\Q nsM
©©
20.0
18.0
χN
16.0
HEX
LAM
14.0
BCC
12.0
DIS
10.0
0.25
Ä
Å
0.35
Æ
0.45
Ê
f
Ç
0.55
È
0.65
É
0.75
¨ÈHK[N_PRkQªN… ­-b7¤ Q£nsM8d¦oQSvZO`pPbonsYkQDOxHwns[NRUnsh ™šLNReOPHZfxvZLajlWXj\LspqLNv`ahÐQSRFhÐQSvKJ
‰•™8‹j‰>’Ž‰•Ž £ ‹ja‹j‰ ) Ês¯ -3+ € Ç „c¡?bPHKjlb¥OPQSYUjSRUHZf8Q\YnÐvKLVj\nsvOPQSraHZn;J^HKLNM`Ls™ÚJ^bxQDOPQSMPYUH±Ja`Ls™ÈJUbPQ
¶ d”j\LshÐp8LNMPQSMœJ™šRULNh HKJUYIn£rNQSR^ns[sQrsn;vZ_PQ;…‘“ebPQz¦oQSvZO € „unsvKYULèHKMPj\vK_POPQ\YhXnsfM `OPQS[NRUQSQ\Y
Ls™7™šRUQ\QSOPLNh €š™šLsRDeQ iPn;hÐpPvKQs§ +=Ë0ÍÌÏÎ ÇÐÑ =ÓÒ Ô + € Ç „‘¡?+ H±J^Çb ÖÕ ) F¯ ׆ӭ " - §¡?bxQ\RUQ HZY3n
YUHKT\Q3Ls™’nihÐLNMxLNhÐQSRl„†}… guL1¡7QSrNQSR\§ HKM jSLNM{J^RUnsYkJuJ^LÐJUbPQzhiLNMPLshÐQSRUHZj‘OxQ\[NRkQ\Q\YuLs™Ú™šRkQ\Q\OxLNh §
J^bxQ += nsRUQMxLsJI¯Q Êa_xHKr;nsvZQSM{J£…ImþQ¡?HZvZv YkbPL1¡#JUbon;J‘MPQ\nsRJUbPQLNRkOPQ\pR d”OPHKYULNRkOPQ\RJUR^nsMxYUHKJUHZLNM
€ y‘GI“}„ÑLNMPv `$™šQS¡ hiLVOxQ\Y += pPvZDn `n;M HZhip8LNRkJ^nsM{JARULNvKQ n;MPO §cJUba_xY\§F¡7Q»j£nsM YkJU_PO ` n
•Y `aY]J^Q\h¡?bxQ\RUQ–J^bxQ3_xMPHZhipqLsRkJln;MœJFOPQ\[NRkQ\QSYuLs™®™šRUQSQ\OPLsh nsRUQ‘HKMœJUQ\[NRUn;J^QSO Ls_xJ£…
“ebPHZYejSLNMPjSQ\pxJ?¡cnsYe_PYUQSO ff `VÔ QSHZfPvKQ\R ) Ë{Ê - ¡?bPL¡cnsYeJ^bPQI¦oRkYkJeJULÑj\LNMPY]J^Rk_PjSJunhiQ£ns-M d
¦oQSvZO¥JUbPQ\LNoR `¥L;™ÚJ^bPQzOPHZfPvKLVjlWžjSLNp8LNKv `ahiQ\RhiQ\v±J^YS… g}Qz¡Fn;Y‘nsfPvKQ3JULèQ\Y]J^HZhÐn;JUQDJ^bxQzLNRkOPQ\pR d
OPHKYULNRkOPQ\RÚJUR^nsMPYkHKJUHZLNMJUQ\hipqQSR^n;JU_PRUQ?nsMxOipxRUQ\OxHZjSJJUbPQe™šLNvZvKL1¡?HZMP[uYU›Q ʜ_PQSMPj\QuLs™8J^R^n;MPYUH±J^HZLsMP›Y b
GIˆ]‹‹ « f8j\yj «=gu( r‘«=Ôk‘¤_Pp8LNMžJ^bPQ‘OPQSj\RkQ£nsYkQDLs™®J^QShÐp8Q\RUn;J^_xRUQA€šYUQ\Q3¨ÈHK[P…±ªN… ­s„d(… Ô n;JUQ\R\§
n;™›JUQ\R?J^bPQzS• ч pPbonsYkQD¡cnsYLNfxYUQ\R]rNQSOºjQ iVpqQSRUHKhÐQSMœJ^nsvZv ` ) ÊVªN§qÊN­ - §q¤ HZvKMPQ\R}nsMPOºy‘vKhÐY]J^QSO
• чpPbonsYkQiJUL
) Ê ª - _PYkQ\OþJUbPQAYUQSj\LNMP8O d”bonsRkhÐLsMPHZjAnspxpPRUcL iVHZhÐn;J^HKLNMänsMPOpPRkQ\OPHKjSJ^QSOþJUbPQÐS
f8Q}Y]JlnsfxvZQeHZMAf8QSJ”¡7Q\QSMXJ^bP»Q gu( r nsMP½O Ôk‘¤ pPbonsYkQ\YS…“ebPQuYUnshiQej\LNMPjSvZ_PYkHZLNMÑ¡cnsY OPR^n£¡?M
HZM ) ËNÉ - n;MPO HKMèJ^bPIQ Ô nsMPOPns-_ d—©7R^nsTSL¬raYkWaHKH J^bPQSLN•R ``L;*™ gunshÐvK¯Q `XnsMPO ˜LaOPMPQSWaY ) Ê;°P§8ÊN« - …
“ebPQ`hÐQdJ^bPLaOOPQSrsQ\vKLNpqQSO ff `uÔQSHZfPvKQ\R¡cnsYinspPpPvKHZQ\O$JULäLsJ^bPQSRJ^LNp8LNvKLN[NHZQSYzLs™ufPvKLVjlW
j\LspqLNv `ahÐQSRhiLNvZQSj\_PvKQ\Y\…“eba_xY\§¤¥cn `NQSYDn;MPOºOPQvZnžgcRU_PTÑjSLNMPYkHZOPQSRUQ\OnsM ¶¹Z¶ J^RUHKfPvZLajlW
hiLNvZQSj\_PvKQ ) Ê;Ë - §=n;MPO OxQ3vZnigcRU_PTDnsMPO¥‹xnsMPjlbxQ\T3YkJ^_xOPHZQSO¥YkJ^nsR}nsMPOYUHKhÐpPvKQI[NRUn;™›J?j\LNp8LNv `Td
hiQ\RUY ) ÊsÊ - % GILsfP•R `aMPHKMÑnsMPOARU_xWabxHZhiL¬raHKjlbOPQSrsQ\vKLNpqQSOinj\LNhipP_xJUQ\pR d—nsHKOPQ\OzJULVLsvœJUL‘j£nsvKj\-_ d
vwn|J^QIpPbPnsYUQ–OPHZns[NR^n;hÐYc™šLsRFrsn;RUHZLs_PYcJ^LspqLNvKLN[NHKQ\Y ) ÊsÇ - … guL1¡7QSrNQSR\§=HZMnsvKvqJUbPQ\YkQ3Y]J^_POxHZQ\YeJUbPQ
ns_xJUbPLNRkYDY]JlnsR]J^Q\O¡?HKJUbnž¦ iVQ\O$hiLNvKQ\j\_xvwnsRJULNp8LNvZLN[ `N…i“L j\LNMPYkHZOPQSRzn;MPLsJ^bxQ\R‘J^LNp8LNvKLN[ `
LNMPQzMPQ\QSOPQ\OäJ^Lè[sLèJ^bPRkLN_P[Nb¥JUbPQ¡?bPLNvKQj£n;vZj\_xvwn;JUHZLNMpPRULaj\QSOP_PRkQAns[{nsHKM §8™šRkLNh J^bPQzrsQ\oR `
f8Q\[NHKMPMPHZMx[P…mþQ}¡?HKvZvoYkbPL1¡ŸbPL1¡ J^bP…Q ÔQ\HZfxvZQ\¯R Õ Y7nspPpxRUL{nsjlbXj£nsMÐfqQ}_PYUQSOX™šLNR7nsMèn;RUfPH±J^R^n;•R `
©Û
âI¦„Š‰-åZæFU¼»Ÿ½ 澇W
T Œ TÀ¿ U T W‚Á‰K¦*„Nç‡æ ¿ ‹æ ¦*„ T ã‡WU
J^LspqLNvKLN[`ÐLs™hÐLNvKQ\jS_PvZQSY\…
ˆ”M J^bxQ f8Q\[NHKMPMPHKMP[þL;™IJ^bPHKYÐjlbPnspxJ^QSRС7Q¥YkWsQSJUjlb J^bPQhXn;HZMHZOPQ\nsYÐL;™IJ^bPQÔQ\HKfPvZQSR›Õ Y
hiQ£ns-M d ¦oQ\vKOXj\nsvZjS_Pvwn;JUHZLNM ) Ë{Ê - Ls™J^bxQu™šRUQSQQSMPQ\Rk[`Йš_xMPjSJUHZLNMon;v …È“ebxQ\Mè¡7QIHZM{J^RkLVOx_Pj\QnzOPHd
ns[NRUnshihXn;JUHZj}J^Q\jlbxMPœH ʜ_PQ3J^bon;JunsHKOPY?HZM`OPQ\nsvZHKMP[Ñ¡?HKJ^bhiLNvZQSj\_PvKQ\YeLs™ÚnsRUfPH±J^RUns•R `ÐJ^LNp8LNvZLs[ `N…
“ebPQi¦oRUY]JzY]J^Q\pHZMäJ^bPHKY3OxHZRUQSjSJUHZLNMä¡Fn;YDhÐnsOPQiff `‡}Q\nsO ) ÊsÉ - §®¡?bxL¥HZM{rsQ\M{J^QSOn`¡ccn `JUL
j£n;vZj\_xvwn;JUQXYkJURU_PjdJ^_PRkQž™‚nsjSJULNRUYL;™up8LNv `VhiQ\RkYzLs™unsRkfPHKJUR^nsoR `j\LNhipPvZeQ iVHKaJ `N…ºmþQž[NL»™š_PR]J^bPQSR
nsMPOiYUbxL¬¡ŸbxL¬¡ J^L3j£nsvKj\_PvZn;J^QebPHK[NbPQSR’rsQ\R]J^jQ ii™š_PMxjSJ^HKLNMPY’™šLNR’YU_PjlbЕY `aYkJUQ\hiY\…’“ebPQSMС7QOPeQ d
YUjSRUHKfqQ–J^bPQ3¡Fcn `J^LÐj£nsvKj\_PvZn;J^Q–J^bPQ3™šRUQSQzQ\MxQ\RU[sHZQ\Y}Ls™’OPH á5QSRUQSMœJuhiQ\YULspPbonsYkQ\Y‘nsMxO»OPHZYkj\_PYkY
YULshÐQLs™JUbPQ nspPpPRkDL iVHKhXn;JUHZLNMxY\…mQj\LNMxYUHZOxQ\RAJ^bPQ™‚nsj\eQ d”j\QSM{J^Q\RkQ\-O dj\_PfxHZj€›™šj\j£„ApPbPnsYUQ;§
J^bxQLNRUOxQ\RUQSOºfPHZjSLNM{J^HKMa_xLN_PYIOPLs_PfPvZeQ d”OPHZnshiLNMPOpPbonsYkQs§ J^bxQYUHKhÐpPvKQDjS_PfPHKj`€ ‹Pge„unsMPO¥JUbPQ
¥Y ʜ_on;RUQivwn;JkJ^HZjSQ€ ‹ Ô®„‘pPbonsYkQ\YDHZMnsOPOPH±J^HKLNMºJ^L`J^bPQij\vZnsYUYkHZj£n;vÚpPbonsYkQ\YS…ž“LHZvKvZ_PY]J^R^n|J^QzJUbPQ
™šLNRkhXnsvKHZYkh#¡7Q‘nspPpPv `ÑJ^bPQuJ^Q\jlbxMPœH ʜ_PQIOxQSrNQSvZLNp8Q\OÐJ^LÑn3hÐLaOPQ\v=OPQSMPOPRkHZhiQ\RcoY `aYkJ^QSh ¡?bxHZjlb
bonsYcRUQ\jSQ\M{J^v `èn|JUJ^RUnsjSJUQ\OX¡?HKOPQeQ iVpqQSRUHZhiQ\M{J^nsv ) ÇN¯ - nsMPOXJUbPQ\LsRUQSJUHZj\nsv ) Çxª - n;JkJ^Q\M{JUHZLNM …È“ebPQ
pPbon;YUQèOPHZns[NRUnshÐY‘L;™ersn;RUHZLs_PYDOxQ\MPOPRkHZhiQ\RkYznsRkQXpPRkQ\YkQ\M{J^QSO n;MPOþJUbPQ\HKRD™šQ£n|J^_PRkQ\Yn;RUQXOxHZoY d
j\_xYUYUQSO … kYFn;MPLsJ^bxQ\RceQ ixnshÐpxvZQ?¡cQJURUQ\n;Jen3OPHZfPvKLVjlWÑjSLNp8LNKv `ahiQ\R RUHZMx[DhiQ\v±J7JULzYUbxL¬¡ábPL1¡
J^L`OPQ\nsvÈ¡?H±J^bnžMPLN-M d—•3ns_xYUYUHZnsMäYkJ^n;J^HKYkJ^HKj\YIL;™cjlbon;HZMPYSh… kFJ‘J^bPQAQ\MxOþLs™ J^bxHZY‘jlbonspVJ^Q\R‘¡7Q
¡?HZvKv YkJ^nsRkJ}J^LiOPHKYUj\_xYUYuJUbP_Q Úo_PjSJU_on;JUHZLNMj\LNRkRUQSjSJ^HKLNMPY?J^LAJ^bPQ3hiQ£ns-M d ¦oQ\vKO f8Q\bPn1raHKLN_PReJ^bon|J
¡?HZvKv5pPvZcn `èJ^bPQ–hÐnsHZMXRULNvKQ‘HZMžJ^bPQ–RkQ\YkJ}Ls™®J^bxHZYFJ^bxQ\YUHKY\…
‘µ ¿Üº³Sµ‘¼ÞÝkÒ ÃÚÄ»µIÁi¼àß
k hiQ£nsM-d ¦oQ\vKOJ^bPQSLNR•`Ls™5HKMPj\LshÐpPRkQ\YkYUHZfxvZQ ¶¹ fPvZLajlWzjSLNpqLsvK`ahÐQSRÚhiQ\vKJUYÈ¡cnsY¦oRUY]J ™šLsRUh_-d
vwn|J^Q\OÑff`@ÔQSHZfPvKQ\R ) Ë{Ê - (… g}Qej\LNMPYkHZOPQSRUQSOXn‘hiQ\vKJ¡?bPQ\RkQ}nsvZvVjlbonsHZMxYbonsOÑJ^bPQ?YUnshÐQcMa_xhfqQSR
Ls™chÐLNMxLNhÐQSRUIY þ 0 þ 2 þ $ nsMxOþJ^bxQÐYUnshÐQij\LshÐp8LNYUH±J^HKLNM 0 þ I þ…è“ebPQÐvZLaj£nsv
Mœ_Phf8Q\R7OPQ\MPYkHKJUHZQ\Y Ls™hiLNMPLshÐQSRUY ¶ n;MPO ¹ â€ á € Ç „ n;MPãO á $ € Ç „U„’nsRkQnsYkYU_PhiQ\OÐJ^LzYUn;J^HKYk™ `
á €Ç „ 2 á $ €Ç „ 0 ª
€—ªN…Kª1„
YULJUbon;J7J^bPQIhiQ\v±JFHKYcHZMxj\LNhipPRUQSYUYkHZfPvKQs…¨oLNvKvZL1¡?HZMP[–J^bxQIHZOPQ\nzOPHKYUj\_xYUYUQSO`HZMXJUbPQIf8Q\[NHKMPMPHZMx[
Ls™®J^bPHKYejlbonspxJUQ\RS§=JUbPQ–LNRUOxQ\R?ponsRUnshÐQdJ^QSR + € Ç „cHKYejlbPLNYUQSM JULif8Q
„ 9 *åXæ ä–ç á8€ Ç „ å
€—ªN… ­s„
+ € Ç „ 0­ä á € Ç 3
¡?bPQSRUQ ä<èŸèŸè å OPQ\MxLsJ^QSYÚJ^bPQFQSMPYUQShfPvKQen£rNQ\RUns[NQ;…Úˆ”MJ^bPQcOPHZYkLNRUOPQSRUQSOÑYkJln|J^Q + € Ç „ 0 ¯x§s¡?bxHZvZQ
HZMžJUbPQ–LNRUOPQSRUQSO Y]Jln;JUQ + € Ç „cHZY?nÑp8Q\RkHZLaOPHZj™š_xMPjSJUHZLNM …
yI_PRX[NLNnsv?HZYAJ^L$RkQ\pPRkQ\YUQSM{JèJ^bPQ ™šRUQ\Q Q\MPQSRU[ ` Ls™IJUbPQ¥oY `aYkJ^QSh nsYXnsM eQ iVponsMPYkHZLNM HKM
J^QSRUhiYXLs™‘JUbPQ»LNRkOPQ\RÐponsRUnshÐQdJ^QSR\… “ebxHZYèj\nsMƒf8Q»OPLNMPQ¥Tf ` HZM{JURULaOP_Pj\HKMP[$n;M ns-_ iVHZvKHwnsoR `
jQ iaJUQ\RUMPnsv ¦oQ\vK¼
O р „cj\LNM|~k_x[{n;J^QSOžJ^L € „†(… kM`jQ iVpon;MPYUHKLNM`Ls™JUbPQI™šRUQSQ–Q\MPQSRU[ `žHKMèJ^QSRUhiY
Lsà™ € Ç „FHZYFQ\ns•Y `XJ^LAÇ LNfxJ^nsHZM`nsMxO`JUbPQ–j\+ La¯QÇ Øij\HKQ\M{J^Y}nsRkQ‘›Q ʜ_onsv JULJ^bPQ–OPQSMPYUH±aJ `žj\LsRURUQSvwn;JUHZLNM
™š_PMPjdJ^HKLNMPYu¡?H±J^éb 0 ¯º€‚HKM ™‚nsjdJuJUbPQponsR]J^H±J^HZLsM`™š_xMPjSJUHZLNM»HKM»nipqQSRkJ^_xRUf8Q\OºYkJ^n;J^ÚQ ë0 ê ¯
HZY?nÑ[NQSMPQ\RUn;J^HKMP[љš_PMPjdJ^HZLsMonsv5™šLNRFJUbPQ–j\LNRkRUQSvwn;JUHZLNM虚_PMxjSJ^HKLNMPY ) Ç{­V§=¾Ç ª - „
ú ) -0 9 $ »vZ›M ) - ×
€—ªN… ªN„
) -K0 jQ iVé
p ì 9…wîíÑï 2ñð Î Ç Ñ€ Ç „ ç á8€ Ç ó„ ò*ô
ØÚٟØ
Û
©8µ
»Ÿ½°»Ÿ½ÖŒ¾æ TÀ¿ Œ¾æ‹Uõ×ç@劦*æTãDU!…
¡?bPQSRUQIw
ÞnsMPO
0 $ €ù9»wȄ ý ý üžû ü ýŸý
Î Çé
€ Ç × úúú × Ç ý „þ€ Ç „ úúú € Ç ý „×
üƒû ü ýŸý € Ç × úúú × Ç ý „ € „ vZM3€ € „ ) -  € ) ý¯ -„ „
€—ªN… °{„
Ç
ç
úúú
“ebPQ–LNRkOPQ\R?ponsRUnshiQSJ^QSR + € Ç „cHKYF™šLN_PMPO nsY}nsMn£rNQSR^ns[NQ–r;nsvZ_xQ‘Ls™ ç á8€ Ç „eb
ª
ç ú ) €—ªN… «s„
+ € Ç „ 0 Ïÿ ç á8€ Ç „xQjiVp ì 9…w í ï ‚2 ð Î Ç € Ç „ ç á8€ Ç „ òBô æ
) ç € Ç „
nsMPO`™šRULsh+Q›Ê=…Z€]ªN… °œ„
ù€ 9»w„ ý ýŸý
÷
+ € Ç „ 0 ýŸö ø € 9ƒª1„jz ð Î Ç úúú Î Ç ý üƒû ü € Ç × Ç × úúú × Ç ý þ„ € Ç „ úúú € Ç ý „€—ªN… ËN„
“ebPQ‘™š_PMPjdJ^HKLNMonsv û )/+- HZYF™šLN_xMPOraHZnÑJUbPIQ ÔQ\[NQSMPOPRUQ‘JUR^nsMPY]™šLNRUhÐn;JUHZLNM
û )/+.-0 ú ) - 9 ð Î Ç Ñ€ Ç „ + € Ç „
€—ªN… Ês„
mþQ}HKM{rNQ\R]Jc¯Q Ê=…w€—ªN… ËN„ÚJULDLsfxJlnsHKãM ánsY n–™š_xMPjSJUHZLNMon;vPLs™ + n;MPOÐpxvZ_P[3HKJUY’¨=Ls_PRUHKQ\RÚJ^RUnsMPY]™šLNRUh
HZM{JULAJUbPQ–pPRUQdraHZLN_PY?¯Q Êa_Pn;J^HKLNM
û )/+-K0 û 2 ­ª ðFð 0€ Ì ×±Ì „ + 0€ Ì „ + J€ Ì „
ª
€—ªN… ÇN„
2 ªz ð ð ð y 0€ Ì ×±Ì ×ŸÌ y „ + J€ Ì „ + 0€ Ì „ + J€ Ì y „
ª
2 °z ð Fð .ð ð |J€ Ì ×ŸÌ ×±Ì y ןÌd„ + J€ Ì „ + 0€ Ì „ + J€ Ì y „ + 0€ ÌS„ 2 èŸèŸè
¡?bPQSRUQ‘J^bPQurNQ\R]J^eQ i`™š_PMPjSJUHZLNMxDY ý nsRkQ‘j\LNMPMxQ\jSJUQ\O`J^LJUbPQ‘j\LNRkRUQSvwn;JUHZLNMi™š_PMPjSJUHZLNMxY ü û ü ýŸý Tf `
ª
0€ Ì ×±Ì „ 0
ý
ü û ü €0Ì ×ŸÌ „
ú
ú
) -*0
2 ýŸ÷ ö ø
ý
0 9 üžû ü y
y €0Ì ±× Ì ×ŸÌ y „
'
×
×
ð Î Ç K
z
úúú
ý
ý ç â
0 ó9 $ ç Ç €0Ì Ÿ× Ì ×ŸÌ y „
× )(+* ƒû ü û ü ý × !
ƒ
ø #"%$&
ý, × × × 0ý ý, 71 ,1 3 ž
0ý û ü ý0 2 1 01 3 ƒ
û ü 341 1 65 ž
û ü
ð,-/. ž
û ü 341 1 ? ý0 2 1 ,1 3 ƒ
ý 0ý ý0 1 ƒ
û
ü
û
ü
8
3
1
1
ž
û
=
ü
3
4
1
3
ƒû ü
5
:9<;
#>
@
ø
ACB
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
Pv
sv
Sv
$
d e/f<g0fihkj%lnm/lom/prqg0sWt nfihulovxw,syf{z|j n}_j|w0f~w,e/f<isWgg0f €j|w0losWm‚ƒ}/m{w,lnsWm/v…‡„ †ˆ‰ d!e/lnv
!
$¯®
figf‡w,e/f˜°%f{’±lo‹/fij
Š j%vŒ‹/sWm/f`cŽC‘[tC’”“@•_–˜—š™%›œž Ÿ¢¡£•™ ¤:–¦¥¨§C§©ª{«W¬@Ÿ­™%“¬ ›~h­f{w0e/sJ‹
lov8w,e/f¦² nsWg’kj%vv0}/h­qw,lnsWm³c´|µ¶_´C·‘¸)lnm~w,e/f¯h­f nw¨f{z%fim±lnm~w,e/fŒqg0fivfim/{f¹s|TlnmCw,fig0j%{w0losWmv
$
tf{w Š fifim<h­sWm/sWh­figvi¶Jw0e/fŒªe_j%lnm`vw,j|w,lnvw,lnivšlnv!º¯j%}/vv0l€j|m d!e/figf{ƒsWgf%¶_sWmf»j%m¼v0j:’kw,e_j w
w,ef4gfivqsWmv0f4s%_j!g0fij Cªe_j%lnm¹lnm¯hkf nw6w,s!w0e/f£f2½žw,f{g0m_j C¾_f o‹x¿Àlov6w0e/f£v,j%h­f4j%v^jRgfivqsWmv0f
s%Áj%m<lov0s €j|w0fi‹<º¯j%}/v0vl€j%m¼ªe_j|lom¼w,sxw,e/f¯gfim/sWghÂj oloÃ{fi‹~¾_f o‹r¿TÄÆÅ7ÅW¶ Š e/loªe<lovšƒs%}/m/‹<lom<j
$
v0f n€ÇÆisWm/vlov#w,fimCw Š j’ d!e/lovŒj os Š v»s%m/f˜w,s`f7½Jq/g0f{v0vŒw,e/fx{sWg0gf oj|w,lnsWmȁƒ}/m{w,lnsWm/v „ †ˆ‰ lnm
w,f{g0h­v!s%Áw0e/f¹º¦j|}/v0vl€j%m¼is%g0g0f €j|w0losWmkƒ}/m/{w0losWmv v0f{f~ÉŽC‘6ƒs%g!‹/f{w,j%l nv j%m‹¶/¾_m_j n’%¶
?
65
65OÑ
7
1
'
Ñ|Ò
5 Ì*7ÍGÎÎ
)(ËÊ
ÍÏÐÏ ÍGÎ/Ï ÍGÎJÎ
ÍÏÐÏ
Í Î/Ï
71 1 )( Ɇ ÓÔ ‰ ª1 1 ¨Õ ÆÖ
'
Í
Í
Î
Ï
#"W$Ø":Ù
× Õ Ó
Ó
ÖÌÕ Ô
Ô
Ö
Í Î
Í Ï
Í Î Í Ï Ö
'Ú 71 1 1 Ú £(ÜÛÝÉÓ#Ô,Þ ª1 1 1 Ú ¨Õ Í Ï Í Î × Õ Ó
Ó
ÖÌÕ Ô
Ô
Ö
Í Î Í Ï Í Î Í Ï Ú Þ
Ú Ö
× Õ Þ
Í Î
Í Ï
/
e
{
f
0
g
f
Š
† Ú ‰ ÛÝÉÓ#Ô,Þ 21 1 1 Ú )( ÉÓÔ,Þ 21 1 1 Ú #"W$Ø"W"
† ‰ 71 103 † ‰ 381 1 Ú
3
5³ß - à ˆ * ÉÓ à
,
Ô
Þ
ˆ
Í
?
† ‰ ª1 1,3 † ‰ 381 1 Ú
† ‰ 21 Ú 1,3 † ‰ 341 1 5 VÔ à
ˆ Ó#Þ
65
ˆ ÔÓ
VÞ à
$
d!e/fáv0}/h­hkj|w,lnsWmxs:zWfig4g0f{qfij|w,lnm/p¯lom/‹loif{v£lov£j%vv0}/h­fi‹ d!efÌvfiis%m/‹¶Ýw,e/f!w,elog0‹­j%m‹­w0e/f
ƒsW}/g#w,e`sWg‹/fig¨isWgg0f oj|w,lnsWmkƒ}m/{w0losWm/v!s|6w,e/f¦º¯j%}/vv0l€j|m`ªe_j%lom¼j|g0f»‹/f{m/s%w0fi‹¼tC’ ÉÓ ¶ Ɇ ÓÔ ‰
Ú
ĉ
1ãW17ä1ªå (çæ 1ªè 2é ÉÓ j%gf¯w0e/f¯f nfih­fimCw,vRs%^w,e/f¯lnmÝz%fiÍ gv0f¦hÂj Ç
j%m/‹ Ɇ ÓÔ,‰ Þ ¶g0fivqf{{w0lnzWf n’
$
®
w,glؽ”êoê ênê d!e/f¹² nsWg’CÇ }/pWpWlnm/všq_j|g,j%h­f{w0fiÍ g!‹/f{v0iglot/lnm/pëw,e/f¯vw0g0f{m/p%w,eÈs%TlomCw,f{g,j%2w,los%m
$
tf{w Š fifiÍ mr¥ìj%m/‹íOhksWmsWhkf{g0v!lnv!‹/fim/s|w,fi‹ÈtC’ Ò
Èv
sv
sv
Sv
;vZv
Sv
Sv
\v
;v
sv Sv
Sv
\v
Sv
Èv
îëï7ð
\v
Zv
svKv
\v
ñóò‡ôiõÌörôiò¦÷)øiù­ú
Áøiò‡ú
)ýŒôiò¦÷)øiù­ú
ùëû~÷)üýÿþ+ò‡ö
õRù
ûCörúrõ
÷[øiù­ú
pWfim/f{g,j žh­f{w,esJ‹¦s%_ij o{} €j|w0lom/p!w0e/f!º¯j%}/vv0l€j|m¹{sWg0gf €j w,los%m¦ƒ}/m{w,lnsWm/v Š j|vÁ‹/f2zWf nsWqfi‹
$
ol m
q/qfim/‹lؽ ìs|ÌcŽC‘ wŒlnv»t_j%vfi‹ysWmw0e/f˜j%2w»w,e_j w»w,e/fxº¦j%}v0v0loj%m‹/lnvw0g0lot}w,lnsWm±lnv
$
ƒ} n’~‹f{w,f{g0h­lom/f{‹ÈtC’¼lØw,v!¾_g0v#wÌw Š sÂh­sWh­fimCw,v
v jëg0f{v0} ØwRw,e/f¦q/g0s%t_j%t/l olnw’ks%T¾_m/‹/lnm/p
v0f2zWf{g,j hks%m/sWh­fig0v£j w8p%lnzWf{mkqsWvlnw,lnsWm/v)sWmëw,ef̪e_j|lom­lov£f2½Jq/gfiv0vfi‹¼j%v4j¯q/g0sž‹/}/2w¨s|w0e/f
b ¦I8EÁKFÁQ]Ý]_S F
JQTD_I4Scb]
M:N WN D_F£U|D6QTUFI4Scb
DÐbRLLGK/UFI4Scb
A
Ñ ÇÆqsWlnmCwŒisW$ gg0f €j|w0losWmƒ}/m{w,lnsWm/vŒs%4w,ef­{sWm/vf Ý}/fimCw n’ m/filnpWeÝts%}/g0lnm/p`hks%m/sWh­fig0v»j osWmp
w,ef¦ªe/j%lom ²_sWg!f7½j%hkq of%¶
"
!
"
!
"
$# " 71 " %# " 1 " !
(
& Ú
d e/f‡{sWg0gf €j w,los%m<ƒ}/m{w,lnsWm/v ÉÓ ¶ Ɇ ÓÔ ‰ j%m/‹ Ɇ Ó#Ô,‰ Þ j%gf˜j oi} €j|w0fi‹±tC’±jzWfig0j%pWlnm/pkw0e/f
!
²_sW}/glofig¯w,g0j%m/v#ƒsWg0h­v¹s|!f2½Jq/gfiv0vloÍ sWmv olo°|f­w0e/f~sWmfÂlom w,e/fkq/g0f2zžlosW}/v˜f2½j%h­q of­s:zWfig‡j
$
qsWv0vlot nf qsWvlnw,lnsWm/v`s%˜hks%m/sWh­fig0v<j nsWm/p w,ef³ªe_j|lom
wÈw0e/lov<qs%lomCw¼sWm/f m/fif{‹/vÈw0s
lomCw0g0sž‹/}/ifÂv0sWh­fÂw,s%qs nsWp%’ys%Rw0e/f`qs n’žhkf{g˜h­s of{i} nfklnm‚sWg‹/fig‡w0sqf{gƒsWghuv}/ªeOj%m
$
$
jzWf{g,j%pWlnm/p m”cŽW w,elov Š j%v̋sWm/f»ƒsWgRjë‹/lot osžª°kh­s of{i} nf
w0g0lot osžª°kh­s of{i} nf Š j%v
$
$
is%m/v0ln‹/figfi‹ lnmìc%Ž|
sWg0f<v0sWqe/lov#w,loij|w,f{‹ j|g0ªe/lØw,fi2w,}/gfiv Š f{g0fÈvw,}‹/lof{‹ lomˍc%´ 
f
$
pWf{m/fig0j olnÃif»w,elov!q/gsJ{fi‹/}/gfŒƒsWgáj%g0t/lØw,g0j%g’­w,sWqs nsWp%’ks%[jëqs n’žh­figšh­s of{i} nf
$
m Š e_j w¹ƒs os Š v Š fk}/vfkw0e/fëpWg,j%qe/loij )hkf2w,e/sž‹yƒsWg0h‡} €j|w0fi‹ylom
qqf{m/‹/lؽ
is%g0g0f €j|w0losWm ƒ}/m/2w,los%m‚s%áj±pWlØzWf{m sWg0‹/f{g‡lov¹j ni} oj|w,f{‹”tC’‚‹g,j Š lom/pj 4qs%v0v0lnt of t/}Jw
$
w,s%qs nsWpWlnj n’x‹/lnvw0lom/2w ‹/loj%pWg,j|hkvšs|Tw0e/lov!sWg‹/fig d!ež}vi¶
'
)
,+
*
)
) Í
!/!0!
Ɇ #Ó Ô ‰ (
Ú
Ɇ Ó Ô,‰ Þ (
!1!!2!
5
43
) ) )
)
!
Éӌ(
5
!
!
! !
!
) .-
) (
!
!
5
!
! !
5
(
!
!0!/!
!
!
5
5
!
! !
! !
!
!
!
5
!
65
d!e/lov6lnv }/vw^jšvªe/fihkj|w0lo)g0f{q/g0f{v0f{mÝw,j|w,lnsWm Š e/loªe¯v0es Š v6w0e_j|w^j%m Çw,eŒsWg‹/fig6‹l€j%pWg0j%h
$
j|m {sWmCwªj%lnm}/qrw,s
t osžª°žv d!efxisWgg0fivqs%m/‹/lomp`isWmCw,glot/}Jw,los%m/v w,s~w0e/fxis%g0g0f €j|w0losWm
$
ƒ}/m/2w,lnsWm¼j%g0fŒs%twªj%lnm/fi‹`tC’ÂisWm/mfi{w0lom/pxw0e/fivf¦t osžª°žv!lnm¼j qs%v0v0lnt of Š j’žv d!e/fŒw,s%qs|Ç
$
os%pWloij ؒ¯‹/l figfimCw4isWm/mfi{w0losWmv¨j%gfRq/g0f{v0fimCw0fi‹~lnm q/qfim/‹/lY½
d!efÌ{sWmCw,g0lnt/}w0losWm/v[w0s
$
w,ef¦{sWg0gf oj|w,lnsWm~ƒ}/m/2w,los%m/vRj%g0f¯ij o{} €j|w0fi‹`lnm q/qfim/‹/lY½
( 8
75 (
9
:
A
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
-
;<; *=
)
f Š j|mÝw8w,s¹m/s%w,fáw,e_j w ›G “£™ %‹/l€j%p%g,j%h­v)isWmCw0g0lot}w,fáw,s¹w0e/fáisWgg0f oj|w,lnsWm끃}/m/{w0losWmv
$
s%^w,e/fŒv#’žvw,f{h Š lnw0e<p%lnzWf{m<w0sWqs osWp|’
m/f¯gfivw0g0ln{w,lnsWm`lov!{sWm/m/f{{w0fi‹ Š lØw,e`w,ef»w’Jqf¯s%
$
is%g0g0f €j|w0losWm¯ƒ}/m/2w,lnsWm Š f Š j|mÝwÁw,s»ij o{} €j|w0f ²_sWgTf7½j%hkq of%¶|w,e/f8f Ý}_j|w0losWm˜ƒs%g
s%m n’
G
Í
/
Î
Ï
is%mÝw,j%lomv^‹l€j%pWg0j%h­v Š lnw,e¯w,ef4¾_gvw €j%tf %q €j%{fi‹¦sWm˜vsWh­f¨¥‚t nsJª°»j%m/‹¯w,e/f4v0f{isWm/‹ €j%tf
$
q oj%if{‹±sWm±j¼í t osžª° d!e/f{g0f2ƒsWg0f¦w,e/f¦¾_g0v#w»‹/loj%pWg,j|hÿlom¼w,e/f¹pWfimfig,j Tf ž}/j|w,lnsWmȁƒsWg ÉÓ
$
‹/sžfiv4m/s%w4is%mÝw0g0lnt/}w,f!w0s
d!e/fÌs|w,e/f{g£j|{w,s%g4gfi‹/}ilomp¹w,efámÝ}/h˜tf{g8s%G‹/l€j|pWg,j%h­v[Í lnv
$ ÍGÎÏ
h­s of{i} oj%gšj%gªe/lnw0fi2w,}/gf ²_sWgšf2½j%h­q nf%¶ƒsWgšj nlom/fij%g¨h˜} nw0lot nsJª°ëh­s of{i} nfiv!j v#wªj%g
$
j%m/‹ #ƒsWg° ­‹l€j%pWg0j%h­v!j%g0fŒlnhkqsWvv0lot of»j|m/‹Ève/sW} n‹Èms%wRtf¯{sWm/v0ln‹/figfi‹
d!e/f£¾_m_j Ýf2½Jq/gfivv0los%m/vTƒsWg6w0e/f8{sWg0gf oj|w,lnsWm»ƒ}/m/2w,los%m/v^j%g0f4sWtw,j%lom/f{‹¯lom¯w,e/f£ƒs ns Š lom/p
$
$
}/q/qsWv0f Š f Š j%mCwRw,sxij o{} €j w,f d^s­‹sëw0e/lov Š f¯m/f{fi‹¼w,sëq €j|if w0e/f»¾_g0v#w
Š j:’
â
â
$
€j|tf sWm¼j|mݒÂt osžª°­s%6w’žqf ¶Jw,efŒv0fi{sWm/‹ €j|tf GsWm¼j%mC’kt osžª°­s% w’Jqf
j|m/‹¼v0sxsWm
$
d!e/fRg0f{v0} Øw,lnm/pŒ‹/l€j|pWg,j%h Š l JtfRsWm/f!s%Ðw0e/fR‹/l€j%p%g,j%h­vÁij o{} €j|w0fi‹xlnm q/qfim/‹lؽ
d!e/f
$
is%g0g0f{v0qsWm/‹/lnm/p`f2½Jq/gfivv0los%m lnv Š glnw0w0fim‹s Š m d!efim Š fxgfih­s:zWfxj oj%tf ovÌj%m/‹rq €j%{f
$
w,efih j%pWj%lom­jzWsWln‹/lompŒq/g0f2zJlnsW}/v4isWmJ¾_pW}/g0j|w,lnsWm/v d!e/lov£q/gsJ{fi‹/}g0fálov)g0f{qfij|w,f{‹k}mÝw0l Š f
$
e_jzWf¹is:zWf{g0f{‹rj GqsWvv0lnt of¦j%gg,j%m/p%fih­fimCw,vRs%Tw,e/f €j%tf nv d!e/f¦sWtwªj|lom/f{‹Èf7½qg0fivv0lnsWm±lnv
$
w,ef¦f Ý}_j|w,lnsWm`ƒsWgšw,ef¦gf Ý}/lng0fi‹ m/if Š f¦e/j:z%f¯j ni} oj|w,f{‹~w,e/f¯is%g0g0f €j|w0losWmkƒ}/m/{w0losWmvšƒsWg!jxpWlnz%fim¼v’žv#w,fih<¶_lnw0v¨ƒg0f{f
$€"W$ "W$Ø"W" $
fimfig0p|’j|mrtfxsWtJwªj%lnm/fi‹ Š lØw,ew0e/fxe/f nqs%4f Ýv
´‘Ç
mw0e/fxm/f7½Jw¯vfi2w,los%mw,e/lnv
j%m/‹_j|}JÇ#ºŒlom/Ã{t/}/gp±ƒg0f{f~fim/f{g0p%’ Š l 4tfÂw0e/f`vw,j%gw0lom/pqsWlnmÝw¹ƒsWg˜s%}/gxj%m_j n’žv0lnv˜s%!w0e/f
$
q/e_j|v0fŒw,g0j%m/v0lØw,lnsWm/v
d!e/fÈj%q/q/gsCj%ªe ƒsWg0h˜} €j|w0fi‹ lnvxpWfim/f{g,j Rj|m/‹ Š lnw,elom w,e/lnv‡ƒg,j%h­f Š sWg°‚j ¨v’žv#w,fih­v
$
j|mÈtf¯isWm/vlo‹/f{g0f{‹
) B@ CA
ED = (
(
R
?
(FHG MJI%GL KLKLK (FPG JIQGLKLKLK (
O O
> & ) @ %A
)(
N
(
&
UrüòVTý WrøiòYXN£ò>Z
m³w0e/lov¦v0f{{w0losWm Š f­v0e/s Š e/s Š w0sÈij
o{}€ j|w0f­jÈq/e_j|v0f‹l€j%pWg0j%h s|Rj<v#’žvw,f{hus%m/if­lnw0v
$ #"W$
$
ƒg0f{fkf{m/figp%’yƒ}/m/2w,los%m_j
¶\[*
´ ¶Tlnv¹°Ým/s Š m q_j%gw¦ƒg0s%h v0sWh­f­w0fiªe/mloj&4‹f{wªj|l(ov
Ù
&
$
w,elov Š j%v̋f{zWfosWqfi‹<fnv0f Š e/figf~c ¶ÐŽCÝ¶·|µ¶&J] ¶WJ¶/´WŽ¶_´Cž¶Ð´W´J¶Ð´ ¶|µ¶%· 
mOw0e/f¼tf{pWlom/mlom/p Š fÈm/f{fi‹ w,s ‹/f{w0fig0h­lomf¼w0e/f =^ d w,f{hkqfig0j|w,}g0f $ d!e/f<‹/lovsWg#Ç
®
‹/f{g0fi‹Èq/e_j%vf¹ij%m±tf¦‹/fivig0lntf{‹±tC’`w,ef>R j%m/‹/j%}JÇ#ºŒlomÃit/}/gp j%h­l(Ø w,sWm/loj%m Š lØw,e<sWmØ ’¼j
Ý}_j%‹/g0j|w,ln Œw,figh_of2@w˜  Ù ¶ &WÙ  $ d!ef¹q/gsWt_j%tl(o lØw’Âs|[igfj|w0lom/p­jëv0q_j w,l€j& ‹/fimv0lnw’M_` }{w,}žÇ
j|w0losWm9a lnváp%lnzWf{m¼tݒ
"
ji #"W$Ø"
# ba_dcËf2½Jqfeƒ Ñ ßhg ' a a Pk
ÑW
d!e/fyw’žq/loij
o l؁ƒf2ÇÆw0loh­f±s%¹v0}ªe jl/
` }/{w0}_j|w,lnsWmÜlov7mnc "po ' qi $ w±vsWh­f ir ¶ w0e/f
®
w,f{hkqfig0j|w,}g0f sWgš²o sWg#’ÝÇ }/p%pWlom/v£q_j|g,j%h­f{w0fig j%m/‹Âw0e/f w0s%wªj
is%mÝw0fimCw!s%T¥Ühks%m/sWh­fig0v
jihr
$
lom<w,e/f¦h­s)o f{i}n f>^
s ¶G' g0fj|ªe/fiv»Ã{figs d!ef˜q/gsWt_j%t/lo lØ$ w’`s%){g0fj w,lompÂv0}ªerjÂh­sJ‹/f
w,f{m/‹/vÂw0s Š j%g‹/v`}/m/lØw’W¶ Š e/lo fÈlnw,vNo l؁ƒf2Çw,loh­ftm gHu ‹/lØzWf{g0pWf{v d!e/lnvÂh­fj%m/v­w,e_j w`j|wkw,e/lnv
w,f{hkqfig0j|w,}g0fkw0e/f‹lov0s%g0‹/f{g0fi‹ qe_j%v0fÂtf{isWh­fivxj|t/v0s)n }w,fn ’y}/mvwªj|to f Š lnw,e”g0fivqf{{w‡w0s
w,ef”j%qqfij%g,j%mifys%xj|mçsWg‹/figfi‹çhkf{v0sWq/e/j%v0f Š lnw,e w’žq/lnj
¯
‹/sWhkj%lnm v0loÃ{f³s|?c i r $
îëï
TS
ñóò‡ôiõÌörôiò¦÷)øiù­ú
ùëûËò
v
b ¦F
7w \
M:N WN D_F£U|D6QTUFI4Scb
HGEF^]_K £S F TL/F4Z
d!e/f{g0f{ƒs%g0f%¶_w0e/f¯v0f{wás%Tf Ý}_j w,los%m/vi¶
qihr 1 A
x
]
j
i
qi { ' 1 i Ò\yQz0 | Ù 1 { ' 1 i Ò\yQz0 | Ù
|| g u (
|| g u}
{
{ ||
|| =^
‹/f2w,fighklnm/fiv4w,e/f v0q/lnm/sJ‹/j
_
w,fih­qirfi$ g,j w,}/gf Š eloªe`lov£zWf{g’Âos%v0fÌw0s¹w0e/f d z|j
o}/f˜ÉŽC  j%m/‹¼w,ef¯w’žq/lnj
~ofimp%w,eJÇÆv0ij
o f
vÂw0e/fm/f7½žw`vw0fi$ q Š fªe/sžsWv0frj³v0f{w~s%Œh­fiv0s%q/e_j%vfiv Š e/lnªe Š l(áqsWvv0lot n’ fimCw,f{g
w,ef¹q/e/j%v0f¦‹/l€j|pWg,j%h d!e/f{m¶ƒs%gáfij%ªe±h­fivsWq/e_j|v0f Š f¦g0f{q/g0f{v0fimCwÌw,e/f¦sWg0‹figRq_j%g0j%hkf2w,f{g
$
¾_fo ‹a lomÈv0}/ªeyj Š j’<w,e_j w lØwÌqsWvv0fivv0f{v»w,e/f¹v’žhkh­f{w0g’<s%[w0e/f˜h­fivsWq/e_j|v0f d!e/lnv
$*
g0f{q/g0f{v0f{mÝw,j|w,lnsWmÂmfiif{v0v0j%g0ln ’ëis%mÝw,j%lomv4vsWh­fÌ}/m°žms Š mÂq_j%g,j|hkf2w,figv
f2½žwa ve/sW}n ‹
$o#"W$
tf¹qn }/pWpWf{‹±lnmÝw0s€[*
´ j%m/‹Èw0e/f˜gfiv}n w0lom/p­f2½Jq/gfiv0vlosWm±v0e/sW} o ‹±tf¦hklnm/loh­loÃ{fi‹ Š lnw0e
$
g0f{v0qfi2w~w,s w,e/fÈq_j%g,j|hkf2w,figv d!e/lnvÂq/gsJ{fi‹/}/gf±pWlØzWf{vkw,efȁƒg0f{f±f{m/figpWlof{vÂs%Œ‹l
8 fig0f{mCw
$
h­fiv0s%q/e_j%vfiv¦j%v»ƒ}/m/2w,lnsWm/vŒs%£w,f{hkqfig0j|w,}g0fëj%m/‹r{sWh­qsWvlnw0losWm d!e/fëh­s)o f{i}o j%gáq/g0sWqžÇ
$€"W$ $
fig#w,lnfivšf{mÝw0figšzžl€j¦w,e/fŒ{sJfjk
Ø
{lof{mÝw0v!lom~f
´ ²_sWg8w0e/fŒpWlØzWfim~w0fih­qf{g,j|w0}/g0f tfo s Š w0e/f
=^ d j%m/‹±{sWh­qsWvlnw0losWms w,e/f¹hkf{v0sWq/e/j%v0f Š lnw0eÈw,efYn s Š fiv#w ƒgfif¦fim/f{g0p%’ Š l( tf¦w0e/f
$
vw,j%tn f¦s%m/f d!ef¹q/e/j%v0f¦‹/l€j|pWg,j%h lovR‹/g,j Š mÈtݒ`z|j%g#’žlom/pëw,e/f¯w,f{hkqfig0j|w,}g0f¦j%m/‹fy
s s:zWf{g
$
'
\y Qz
Ò £(
Ù
#"W$Ø"
v0s%hkfŒg0j%m/pWf{v
d!e/f Š j:’³w,srj|v0iglotf~jpWlØzWf{m‚v’žh­hkf2w,g’ w,sÈw,e/f~s%g0‹/f{g‡q_j%g0j%hkf2w,f{g˜lov¦w,srf7½q/j%m/‹
$
lnw¯lnm w0e/f끃} )sWg#w,e/s%m/sWg0hkj [vf{w˜s%¨ƒ}/m{w,lnsWm/v Š lnw0e³w0e/fkp%lnzWf{m³v#’žhkh­f{w0g’ d!e/fkh­sWv#w
m_j|w0}/g,j ªe/sWlnif¯lovšw0sk}/vf¦j%mÈf7½Jq_j%m/vlosWm<lom¼q oj%m/f Š j:z%fiv
#"W$Ø"
µ )(
æá;
Ê /5
Ê
@>
&
(
a ƒ‚ …„ J†ˆ‡ ‰ŠG ‹‡ Œ„ J†ˆ‡ ‰ŠG ‹‡
Š e/f{g0fŽp ‘ lov¹j±vf{w‡s|šzWf{{w,s%g0v‡‹/f2¾_m/lnm/prjo j|w0w0lo{f­s|šw,e/fkpWlnz%fim‚v#’žhkh­f{w0g’W¶Áj%m/‹l’ j%m/‹ æÌ j%gfÌw0e/fŒj%gt/lnw0g,j%g#’ëq/e_j%vfivRj%m/‹¼j|hkqn lnw0}/‹/fiv éžÊ2(G Ó ‹/fims%w,f{všw,e/f”¯
“ gsWm/f{ª°%figR‹/fn w,j
$Y
v’žh‡ts) £w,efxg0s%w,j|w,lnsWm_j
^v’žh­hkf2w,g’±lomw0e/fxv’žvw0fih lnv»m/s%w¯tg0sW°|fim Š fëij%myg0f Š glnw0f
$o#"W$Ø"
f
µ lnm~w,e/fŒƒs)o s Š lom/p Š j’
#"W$Ø"
a )(•‚ ‚ à ‡ ˜ „ J†
› ™ ‡bš Ê ‰ŠG ‹p™ ‡bš 5.„ J†
› ™ ‡bš Ê ‰ŠG ‹p™ ‡œš
· ›
N
›

f– Ó%—
gl((n sW}/lnm¹Ã{sWm/fiv)â s%g)isžsWg0‹/$*lnm_ j|w0losWm¹v0q/e/f{g0f{v8lnm‡g0f{iloqžÇ
Š e/f{g0f!w,e/fš¾/g0vw£v}/h\g}/m/v£s:zWf{g£w0e/f¨
g0sžj&vq_j%if é~
ž lnv8w,ef mÝ}/h‡tfigšs|6zWfi2w,sWg#v!"W$Ølo" m­· w,e/$ f d!eÇÆw0fke~hkÃisWj|mw,ef fihkm`j|w,q/lng0j%j
{T w0g0lofifj|v0Š sWmfŒ{ƒsWsWm/g»vw,loe_‹/j f{wg
sWmØ ’±w0e/f­¾/g0vw¯ƒf Š w,f{g0h­v¦lnmrw,e/f­v0f{g0lof{v
$ lovRw,skv0lnhkqn ln@’kw,e/f¹hklnm/loh­loÃij|w,lnsWm~q/gsJ{fi‹/}/gf ²_g0sWhÿw0e/f˜q/eC’žv0lnj
^
qsWlomCwÌs%[zžlof Š ¶lnhëÇ
h­fi‹/loj|w,fn ’­tfo s Š w,e/f»w0g,j%mv0lnw0losWm­w,f{hkqfig0j|w,}/gf»w,e/f»j%q/qfj%glom/pxh­fivsWq/e_j%vfŒlov8m/s%w Š f(
#"W$Ø" $š
‹/f2zWfn sWqfi‹xj%m‹ Š f¨‹/sÌm/s%w^m/f{fi‹˜w0sJsáhÂj|mݒ¯‹f{wªj|l(o v6lnm¦w0e/f¨gfiq/gfivfimCwªj|w0losWm
· vTj
i
$
g0} o f%¶ w,e/fŸo fimp%w,e‡s|_w,e/f ÇÆz%fi2w,sWgv)lom/{g0fj|v0fiv Š lnw,e¹w,e/fšmÝ}/h˜tf{g[s%_w,efšÃisWmf d!e/f{g0f2ƒsWg0f|¶
$€"W$n"
w,efÂh­sWg0fëw,f{g0h­v¹w,e/j|wxj%gf€n f{@w¹lom”f
· ¶Áw0e/fÂh­sWgfk‹/f2wªj%lo f{‹³w,ef~‹/fimv0lnw’ q/gs%¾ n f
$
$o#"%$n" $¡
· mžÇ
Š fŒpWf{w d!e/fŒm/f7½žwž }fivw0losWm¼lnvše/s Š hÂj%mC’­w,f{g0h­v Š fŒve/sW}n ‹7o fjz%f»lom`f
ƒsWg#w,}/m_j w,fØ ’W¶Ýw,e/f{g0f»lnv¨m/s>ž }/j%mCw,lnw,j|w,lØzWf»{g0lØw,figlosWmÂj%v8w0s Š e/f{g0f»w,s¹w,g0}m/j|w0f w,ef»‹/fimv0lnw’
¢
A
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
ED
(
&(
$
$
f2½Jq_j|m/v0lnsWm
f{z%fig0j qsWvv0lnt/l nlnw,lnfiv Š f{g0f¦isWmv0lo‹fig0f{‹Èqg0f{zžlnsW}/v ؒ m`w,e/f¯ €j%vv0loij Š sWg0°
#"W$Ø"
â
"W$
ÉŽC w0e/f¹f7½Jq_j%m/vlosWm
· Š j%vág0f{vw,glo2w,fi‹¼w,s (
d!e/f¦v0s Çj of{‹±¤:– ª ›œ •™%©7ŸÂ ›_¬
â
&J"
&
&
™2§C§©,{«W¬@Ÿ­™%“¬ ›

·
|
µ

%
j
Â
v
ƒ

%
s
0
g
‡
h
}
o
|
j
,
w
{
f
‹
n
l
m

¶š ¶ Ñ ¶ ž¶š´WŽ‘»lnm sWg0‹figkw0s
Š
( Ñ%
$
vw0}/‹’r{sWh­q olnj|w0fi‹rt/lnisWmCw,lnmÝ}/sW}/vŒq/e/j%v0f{v
qyw,s¼v0f2zWf{g,j £eÝ}/m/‹/gfi‹ e_j%ghksWmloiv Š figf
&
& }/vfi‹<lom~w,efŒmž}hkf{g0loij Gh­f{w0e/sž‹`s% j|w,vfim<j%m/‹¼is Ç Š sWg0°|fig0v˜ µ¶_Ž  e/s Š f2zWfig{¶w0e/fivf
j%}w0e/sWgv vw0}/‹/lnfi‹±w0e/f‡lomCw0fig0h­fi‹l€j|w0f |v#w,g0s%m/pkvfipWgfipCj w,los%m±g0f{pWloh­fivÌj%m/‹G¶w,efig0f2ƒsWg0f|¶GsW}g
$
‹/lnv0i}v0v0lnsWm¼lov!m/s|wR‹/logfi{w n’Âj%q/q nloij%t ofáw,sxw,efilog¨hksž‹/f s%hkq_j|g0lovsWm`s% w,efilog¨g0fiv} nw0v
v0es Š vÌw,e_j|w e/lop%e/figáe_j%ghksWmloivám/s%w sWm ؒ¼g0fiv} nw lomÈv0sWh­f¹msWmJÇvlopWmln¾_ij%mCw ve/ln@wÌs%[w0e/f
$
q/e_j|v0f˜tsW}/m‹_j%g0lnfiv{¶t}w»j ov0s­vw,j%t/l oloÃ{fŒsWgR‹/fiv#wªj%tl olnÃif¯v0f2zWf{g,j ^hks%g0q/e/s osWpWlnfiv mÈv0}/ªe
$
jxv0lØw,}_j|w0losWm~w0e/f¯mÝ}/h‡tfigRs%Te_j%g0h­sWm/lniv!lnv!ig0}il€j
®
$
f{g0f Š fj%‹sWqwÂw0e/f±{g0lØw,figlosWm ‹/f{g0lnz%fi‹ lnm cW·J¶8|µ%
m/vw0fj%‹ s|»w,e/fÈhkfij%mJǾ_f n‹
®
$
w,efisWg#’ j%h of2’`j%m‹ ^sJ‹/mfi°Ýv v#w,}/‹/lnfi‹Èj­v#’žvw,f{h Š lnw,e¼{sWhkqsWvlnw,lnsWm _}/2w,}_j w,los%m/v m
w,efilog­h­sJ‹/f šw,e/fÈi}w#Çs Üz|j n}/f`ƒsWg ˆ w,ef ÇÆzWf{{w0sWg­ƒgsWh w,ef w0e ve/f j%q/qfj%gv
m_j|w0}/g,j n’Âj%váj%m<j%‹_j|qwªj|w0losWm`s|Tw0e/f¹º¯lnm/Ãit/}g0pëiglnw,f{g0lnsWm
&(
N
Ž©
N ¡
+
ˆ¦
&
«¬ i ˆ
ihr -
&
(
¨
Ž5
®­¯ Ÿ°
" t`
¥£
E
i
T£ ¤
]
§
i
8 &]
ª "
#"W$Ø"
Ž €`
f`j%q/q ؒyw,e/lnv˜iglnw0fig0lnsWm”w0ssW}/g¹hkfij%mJÇƾ/f o‹³w,e/f{sWg’ ƒsWg˜{sWm/vlovw0fim/2’ Š lØw,e‚w,ef _}/7Ç
&
$
w,}/j|w,lnsWm j%q/q/gsCj%ªe j¼v0loh­l oj%g {g0lØw,figlosWm Š j%v¦}/v0f{‹”lnm  ·‘ d!e/f{g0fkj%g0fëv0f2zWf{g,j Š j’žv
$
w,sÂv0}/q/qsWg#w»sW}/g̪e/sWlnif
mfxj%g0p%}/hkf{mCw»lovÌisWmm/fi2w,fi‹ Š lØw,e±w0e/fxj%qq olnj%t/l olØw’~g0f{pWlos%m
$
ƒsWg»s%}/g w,efisWg#’
mrw,ef
w,e/f{g0fëlov fiv0vfimCw,loj ؒ±s%m/f of{m/p%w,ežÇv0ij of‡j%v0vsJ{l€j|w0fi‹ Š lnw0e
$
w,ef¦g0j%‹/ln}/vRs%Áp|’Jg0j|w,lnsWm¼s%Thks nfi{} of{v wálovRlomCw0g0lomv0loij ؒëisWmm/fi2w,fi‹ Š lnw,e`w0e/f¦w’žq/lnj
$
d!e/figf{ƒsWgf%¶Ýw,e/f!gfiq/gfivfimCwªj|w0losWmës%Ðw0e/fR‹/fim/vlnw’˜q/g0s%¾ of!tC’‡e/lnpWe/f{g[e_j%gÇ
Š j:z%f2ÇzWfi2w,sWg
$`
h­sWm/lo{v Š lØw,e
lnv»lom±vw,gsWm/p`{sWmCw,g,j|‹/lo2w,los%m Š lnw0ew,e/f‡w0e/fisWg#’±}v0fi‹
v0loh­l oj%g
& $
lo‹fj Š j%všƒsWgh‡} €j w,fi‹Âlom`j‡‹/l Gf{g0f{mÝw Š j’`lnmy Ž| m/f»j|m¼j ovs‡v0qfi{} €j|w0f»w,e_j w!m/fj|g
"W$n"
w,ef±v0qlom/sž‹_j !w,ef±lomf Ý}_j nlnw’
Ž Š l áj Š j’žvÂe/s o‹ lnm w0e/f±qg0sWqfig­w,fih­qfig,j w,}/gf
$
"W$n"
$
g,j|m/pWf d!ef Ý}/f{vw,lnsWm/vRs%Tw,e/f¦j%q/q oloij%t/l olnw’ës|
Ž lovRj%‹‹/g0f{v0v0f{‹±lnm q/qfim/‹/lY½
#"W$Ø"
d!e/f­i}w#Çs
Ž lnhkq nlof{vÌw,e/j|w¯sWm ؒsWm/fxe/j%g0h­sWm/ln‡v0e/s%} o‹ tfx}v0fi‹ ƒsWg
¶
®
˜¶žti|¶
j%m/‹ q/e_j%vfivi¶ Š e/l nf!ƒi%¶º Üj%m/‹
q/e/j%v0f{všj%gfÌgfiq/gfiv0f{mCw,fi‹
$
®
tC’`w Š s Çe_j%ghks%m/loŒ‹/f{m/v0lØw’¼q/g0s|¾ of d!ef¹t_j|v0lov!z%fi{w0sWg0v၃sWg
¶
˜¶_t{%¶
j|m/‹
q/e_j%vfivi¶Áj%v Š f £j|v»w,e/fx¾_gvwÇÆv0e/f [z%fi{w0sWg0v¯ƒsWg»ƒ{ëj%m/‹
/
e
o
l
ª

e
i

%
s
o
l
/
m
{

o
l
‹/f{v
Š
$
Š lnw0e w,e/f<t{`¾_g0v#wÂve/f ¶4j%gf¼q/g0f{v0fimCw0fi& ‹ lnmˍɎCJ¶4· µ| ²_sWg‡w0e/f¼g0fiv#w Š f<}/v0f h­sWg0f
‹/f2wªj%l ofi‹`lnmƒsWghÂj|w0losWmÂj%m<tf»ƒs%}/m/‹<lom³   ¸
= (
?±²© V
ihr
i³ ir
DR
Y
D
§ 8
[µ
DR
(
ƒi%¸
= ^ ^
¸
(
) *
´8
=
( (
”¶6±
(
ä † ‰ (
ä † ‰ (
ä † ‰ (
ä † ‰ (
gHu " 1 Ù 1 Ù
· gHu
Ù 1 Ù 1 " ·
g¥u #" 1 " 1 "
· g¥u " " · 1 1
'
(
ä † ‰ (
ä †
ä چ ‰
‰
(
(
·
g¥u Ù 1 " 1 Ù
= ^ ^ R = + ^^ *[ µ
"
(
§
R +
D§
g¥u " 1 " 1 "
· g¥u " " " 1 1 ·
v
b ¦F
M:N WN D_F£U|D6QTUFI4Scb
7w \
HGEF^]_K £S F TL/F4Z
¸
A
gu " "
g u #" "
· g u ¹ #" 1 1 " Ñ% ä †† ‰‰ ( · g u ¹ " 1 1 Ñ%" ä Ú ( · ¹ 1 Ñ 1 ( ·g u¹ 1 Ñ 1 gu "
"
"
"
º ( · g u ¹ #" Ñ " 1 1 ä ¹ †† ‰‰ ( · g u ¹ Ñ" 1 " 1 » ( · g u ¹ 1 " 1 ÑW " ä ¼ † ‰ ( · g u ¹ " 1 1 ÑW" ½ ( · g u ¹ " 1 Ñ 1 " ä q† ¾ ‰ ( · g u ¹ 1 Ñ" 1 " ä ( · ¹ Ñ 1 1 ( · ¹ Ñ 1 1 g u Ù " "
g u Ù " "
ä † ‰ ( · ¹ 1 1 ä † ‰ ( · ¹ 1 1 g u " " Ù
g u #" " Ù
ä † ‰ ( · ¹ 1 1 ä Ú † ‰ ( · ¹ 1 1 gHu " Ù "
g¥u #" Ù "
ä º † ‰ ( ¹ 1 1 ä ¹† ‰ ( ¹ 1 1 = m/if Š f¹e_jzWf˜‹f{¾_m/f{‹w,e/f¦‹/· f{m/v0lØw’Èqg0s%¾ nf "W$Ø" · ¶ Š f˜· q o}/p­lnwálomCw0skw,ef¹fž}/j|w,lnsWm
#"W$ $
ƒsWgáw,e/f¦ƒg0fif˜fim/f{g0p%’
´ d!e/f‡lnmCw,fip%g,j|w0losWm<lováw,g0lØzžl€j
6vlom/{f?a lnv jÂv}/h s%£‹/fØwªj Ç
$
ƒ}/m/2w,lnsWm/v d!e/f±gfiv0} n w,lnm/p f2½Jq/g0f{v0vlosWm {sWmCwªj%lnm/vëw,fighkv­q/gsWqs%gw,lnsWm_j
8w,s³w0e/f¼zWfig#w,f7½
ƒ}/m/2w,lnsWm/v»' 1 ' j%m/‹r'ڌw,ef‡j%gpW}/h­fimCw,vÌs% Š e/loªeyj|g0f‡j&( qs%v0v0lnto f¦is%h‡t/lom/j|w,lnsWm/vRs%
$
w Š s/¶Gw,eg0fif‡j%m/‹ ƒsW}/g ä Ó † ‰ w0e_j|w¯j|‹/‹}/qw0s~Ãif{g0s ²_sWgRw,e/f˜q/e_j%vfivŒg0f{q/g0f{v0f{mÝw0fi‹ tC’Èw0e/f
w Š s|Çe_j|g0h­sWm/lo¹‹/fimv0lnw’±q/g0s|¾ o f¹v0sWh­f‡s%£w,efiv0f‡w0fighkv Š l( tf‡ƒ}/m/{w0losWmv»s%)w,ef Š jz%f2Ç
zWf{{w0sWg0v!ƒg0s%hów0e/f»‹/l´G
8 f{g0fimCwRve/fo v $[® s Š f2zWf{gi¶ Š e/l(n f»j&o i} € j|w0lom/p¯w,e/f»z%fig#w,f2½~ƒ}/m/{w0losWmv
¥D
"%$
fi{w0losWm
Ñ j%m‹ q/qfim/‹lؽJfiv ihrj%$ªm§‹l Š f¼j%v0v}/hkf{‹Àf{zWf{g’ Š e/f{g0f¼w,e_j|wxj
( Š jz%f2Ç
zWf{{w0sWg0v!e_jz%f w,e/f v,j%h­f h­sJ‹}o }/v
s%g0g0f{v0qsWm/‹/lnm/p)Ø ’W¶ Š f»s%twªj%lnm/fi‹kw,e/f ž Çw,e~s%g0‹/f{g
qir…¿
ihr…¿
jÁdr
‘¿
o&i
21ÀhÀhiÀ 1
1à† à ‰ zWf{gw0f2½Èƒ}/m/{w0losWmÈlom¼w,e/f¦ƒsWg0h '
'
^(
Æé  † à ‰
à
à ¨(
à
Á
$
j%m/‹
j%g0fŒ‹/f2¾_m/f{‹Èlnm q/qfim/‹lؽ d!e/lnvšƒ}/m/2w,los%m<ij%m/m/s|wRtfŒ‹/lng0f{{w…Ø ’~}/vfi‹¼ƒsWg¨w0e/f
j%gpW}/h­fimCw,v Š lØw,e~w0e/f»‹/l´G
8 f{g0fimCw!h­sž‹/}o l $Á® s Š f2zWfig{¶_w,e/f ƒs
(o s Š lnm/p¦w0g0lnª°ke/fo q/v8w,sëjzWsWln‹
$
w,elov!q/gsWto f{h
° ihr $
#"W$Ø"
i
i
r
d!e/f¦ig0lØw,f{g0los%m
Ž lnhkqn lof{v¨w,e_j w ÓR(
d!e/f{g0f2ƒsWg0f|¶Ðw0s
5ŒÄ¦Ó ¶ Š e/f{g0f ĦÓ
i
¾_gvw¯sWg‹/figŒlnm Ä Š fxj%m j%q/qg0s½Jlohkj|w,f˜w0e/f ž ÇÆw0ersWg0‹fig»zWf{gw0f2½yƒ}/m/2w,lnsWmrs% ÇÆv Š lnw0e
w,ef¦‹l
8 fig0f{mCw²n fim/p|w,e¼tC’
à
qirT¿
ir…¿
21hÀÀhiÀ 1
21hÀÀhiÀ 1
1
'
'
‚
Å
6
5
Ä
à
à
à
à
Æ
Æ
C
Ç
Ɨ
Š e/f{g0f
{ ' à qihr¿ 21hÀÀhiÀ i1 Æ 1hÀhÀh{À 1 ihrT¿ à |
|| gqÈ — g¥u
{ Æ
ÇÆ (
mC’­zWf{gw,f7½~ƒ}/m{w,lnsWm~$ lnvšj˜v#’Jh­h­f{w,gloRƒ}/m/2w,los%m~s%6lØw,$ všj|g0pW}/h­|| fimCw0v $ d!e/f{g0f{ƒs%g0f%¶ Ç Æ ( Ç
lov!lnm/‹/f{qf{m/‹/fimCwÌs%ÊÉ 6
R f{wá}/vRm/s Š q}wÌj
( Ä Æ (ƒÄ d!e/lovRpWlØzWf{v
qihr¿
ir…¿
#"W$Ø"
71hÀÀhiÀ 1
21hÀÀhiÀ 1
' à
'
 Å
6
l
5
ž
Ä
à
à
à
Ç
}wRw0e/lov!f7½qg0fivv0lnsWm±ve/sW}n ‹<tf¯lo‹/f{mCw,loij
G w0s
¨
<Á
1Æ à ‰ '
jÁdr
Á
j
d
Á
r
#"W$Ø"
1à† à ‰ 65$Ë à Á
´ ' à
|| u Ê Á
5OÊ 1à† à ‰ Å ' à
|| —
Ë
|Ì Ì
”¶6±¯¸
º
ä † ‰
ä † ‰
ä † ‰
ä † ‰
ä † ‰
ä † ‰
(
Í Î
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
e f{g0f
Š /
pWlØzWfiv
Á
(
jihr
lÄ TÏ Ð
5 ­ » (
Ádr
Ç
(
Á Á
Å
Ádr
Ñ ir ' à
ž Ë
5 Ê ¶ Ê
(
²Álnm_j ؒW¶
Ádr Šo ihri$E§ sWh­q_j%glom/p
Ä
<Á
Á 1à† à ‰ || u
|| —
Ë
|Ì Ì
Ñ
"W$Ø"
´ Š lØw,e
#"W$Ø"
 à
‚ — Ä hi r Æ 1à† à ‰ Æ
dÁ r ' jÁ 1TÂG† à ‰
à Ä
jÁdr † ‰
#"W$Ø":&
Ñ
|
à
Æ
à
Ã
1
Â
'
Á
i
r
‚
(
65
Ë
à
|
uƗ
ž
|
—
|
Ë ihrT|¿ Ì $RÌ ®
d!e/f˜j%m/p)nf¯z|j%gl€j%t ofiv † à ‰ j%g0f¦j&o i} € j|w0fi‹¼ƒg0sWhÿw0e/f¦z%fi2w,sWgv
fig0f Š f˜j%v0v}/h­fi‹
$
w,e/j|wŒw,e/f'oj|w0w0fig»v}/h }/qrw0s`Ãifigs/¶ Š e/loªeylnvŒsWmn ’‚™2§C§©,{«W¬@Ÿ­™%“–®;ÒѦw,g}/f d!efkj|q/q/g0s½JlØÇ
#"%$n":&
hkj|w,lnsWm
$ ‹/l´8Gf{g0f{m/if{v¹lnmw,e/f'nfim/p%w0e
j
(ns Š v»}/vŒw,s~w,j%°%fëlomCw0s¼j%i{sW}/mCw¯w,e/fëv0hkj
T
s%^w,e/f Š jzWf2ÇzWf{{w,s%g0v ƒgsWh w0e/fŒ¾_g0v#w j|m/‹<w0e/f¯v0f{isWm/‹Èv0e/f(n v
d!e/f€oj%vw¹vw0fiq‚lnmCzWs)Ø zWfiv¹hklnm/loh­loÃij|w,lnsWm±s|šw,e/f끃g0f{fÂf{m/figpWlof{v Š lØw,e”gfivqf{{w‡w0s<w0e/f
$
$*^
j%gt/lnw0g,j%g#’ëq/e_j%vfiv’ Ó † ‰ d!e/fŒj&o pWf{t/g,j¦lovª€ j%tsW}/gsW}/v4t/}wšv#w,g0j%lopWeCwƒsWg Š j%g0‹
fim/s|w,lomp tC’ ¶Ðj%m/‹
tC’9Ó Š f¯sWtwªj|lom
–
–
–
ÔTÅÃÕjÕ ( µ ' jÁdr 65 ])Ó ' ˜ µ] Ádr 5 " Ñ Óž' „ Ö Ñ ] " 5.× †œ ÐØ ‰ Ú

–]
– –
Ú
†œÐ
؉
†œÐ
Ø ‰ Ó
5 µ × Ó 5 µ ×
– ] Ádr
] † Ù ‰ Ú † Ù ‰ Ó Ú #"W$ Ù
jÁdr
Ù
ÔÙ
( Ž ' 65 µÝÓ ' ˜
5 ´ '„
5
× – 5Œ× Ñ ÏÛÚÜÚ
Ñ 
Ñ
– †Ù ‰ Ó – 5¯Ñ
×
Ô ÐÞàß ( " Ñ ' <– Ádr 65 Ž)Ó ' ˜ µ] Ádr 5 ´ „' Ù " Ñ žÓ ' „ Ö Ñ ] "  – Ð
–
– Ð Ð
]
Ú
Ú
Ö
] l] > 5 ] × † ‰ 5 × † ‰ Ó 5OÑ
× † ‰ Ó 5OÑ
× Ú† Ð ‰ Ó 5 ´)Ó ' „ ; Ñ Œ
–
– ‡^ $ Ñ
–
/
e
{
f
0
g
¦
f
i

ž
s
¯
f
Ø
­
i

n
l
i
f
C
m
,
w
v
|
j
0
g
¯
f
W
p
n
l
%
z
i
f
¼
m
o
l
m
/
q
q
{
f
/
m
/
‹
Y
l
½
Š
×
+ ¶ ® [µ‡¶6ti|¶ D § j%m/‹ D R q/e_j%vfiv
d!e/f­sWm/f2ÇÆe_j%ghksWmlo˜ƒgfifëfim/f{g0pWlnfivŒƒsWg»w0e/fNR $
&
j%gfÂq/gfiv0f{mCw,fi‹Àlnm܍cŽWž¶Á·|µ% v¹lnw Š j|v‡m/s%w0fi‹ lom  ´|¶ Š f~e/j:z%fÂw Š srªe/sWlo{fiv˜ƒs%g¦w0e/f
ƒi၃g0f{f fimfig0p|’ Š e/lnªe`j%glov0fRƒg0s%h w0e/f ‹l
8 fig0f{mCwšv0s
"Wo }$ w0Ù losWm/$ v4s%w0e/f qe_j%v0f q hklnm/§loh­§ loÃij|w,lnsWm
$
fÝ }_j w,los%m/v d!ef­¾_gvw¹v0s)n }w,lnsWmylov¯q/gfiv0f{mCw,fi‹ lnm
lomrw0e/f
Ñ d!e/f­v0fi{sWm/‹ $ ²
&
m/s%w,j|w,lnsWm`s%š ´| Š j%vám/f{z%figRƒsW}/m/‹¼w,sëtf¯vwªj|to fŒlnm<s%}/g!j
n i}o j|w,lnsWm/v
- f Š j%mCw¼w,sÀfih­q/e_j%vloÃ{fw,e_j|w`w0e/frv0f{isWm‹JÇe_j|g0h­sWm/loyj|q/q/g0s½Jlohkj|w0losWm Š j%v¼}/vfi‹
&" & &
$)®
f2½žw0fim/vlnzWfn ’ktC’Âhkj%mC’­j%}w0e/sWg0v» · µ/¶ ¶ Ñ ¶ J] ¶J´WŽž¶/
] 
s Š f2zWfig{¶Ðj
o h­sWv#w¨j&(_
s%$áw0e/=fih
}/vfi‹‚w,efÂw Š s Çe_j%ghks%m/lokg0fiqg0fivfimCwªj w,los%m s%!w,e/fk‹/fimv0lnw’”q/g0s|¾ of­ƒsWg`™
;<;qe_j%v0f{v
m
"W$n"
=
^
^
is%mÝw0g,j%g#’W¶ Š f¼j%q/qØ ’³w0e/f~iglnw0fig0lnsWm
Ž j%m‹ gfiq/gfivfimCw­sWmn ’yw0e/f~ƒi|¶ j|m/‹
$
º”¶6Ë
± h­sWg0qe/s)o s%pWlof{v¨lom`w0e/f»w Š s Çe_j%ghks%m/lo¯j%qq/g0s½Jlohkj|w,lnsWm d!e/lováj%q/qg0sCj%ªe Š j%vÌj
o vs
' à
hÀhÀhÀ{1 à *Å
71
'„ à â
œ Hã\ä w
æå
Hã
Í6A
M:N ÝN E[S TE[U X6L/F TDE[K OX6U‘bšD ³Db!H_b!U ¨Z‡K/L_]
8
& $
w,glof{‹klnmkvf{zWf{g,j vw0}/‹/lof{v»cW·J¶J|µ¶ ·  d!e/f hkj%lnm­‹l fig0f{m/if၃g0sWh\sW}/g Š sWg°ëlov)w,e_j w Š f
m/s%wRs%m n’k°%f{fiqÈw0e/f¦j%m/pW} €j%g8‹/fiqfim/‹fim/{f˜s%^w,e/f»z%fig#w,f2½¼ƒ}m/{w0losWm/v{¶/t/}wÌj nv0s‡w,j%°%f¯lomCw0s
$
j%{isW}/mCwRw,efilog!‹fiqfim/‹/f{m/if¹sWm¼w,e/f Š j:z%f2ÇzWfi2w,sWgv hksž‹/} nl
›Õ
Qç
è ø X­ürôétÛê£ò˜úrõ¨üýW êrôiù¼õEë õáùNU”ù­ôé9Z ýìª
m‚w,elov‡vfi{w0losWm Š f¼j%q/qØ ’³w0e/fƒsWghÂj&olovh ‹/f{z%fnsWqf{‹ j%ts:z%f~w,srq_j%g#w,lni}oj%g¹v#’žvw,f{hkv $
v¦j%myf7½/j|hkqn f Š f Š l(T w0g0fj w¹‹fim/‹/gloh­figlo˜w0g0fif7ÇPnlo°%fxv#w,g}/{w0}/g0f{v¹‹/f2¾_m/f{‹‚j%vŒƒs)os Š v $
d!e/f¼sWglopWlnm‚s%Rw,e/f¼h­s)o f{i}n fÂlnvëjt/g,j%mªe/lom/pyqsWlomCw Š lØw,e5 ¥¨ÇtnsJª°Ývxs%áw,e/f`v0j%h­f
of{m/p%w0e¨s j|wwªj%ªe/f{‹ w,s lØw $ (”5 ¥šÇÆto sžª°Ýv`j%gf±$ w,sWqs)n sWpWloij
(Ø ’‚fž }lnz|j
o f{mCw $ d!e/f2’
ƒsWghÿjëv0s|ÇÆj
o fi‹~¾/g0vwápWf{m/fig0j|w,lnsWm¼s%^w,e/f¯h­s)o f{i}n f d!e/f¦fim‹Ès%Tfj|ªe±tn sJª°klovRj
n v0s­j
$
t/g0j%m/ªe/lnm/pkqsWlnmÝw Š lØw,e95 íÁÇtn sJª°ÝvRs%Áw0e/f¦v,j%h­f6o fimp%w,eŽs j|w0w,j%ªe/fi‹<w,s­lnw (Ü5 5
$
í[ÇÆto sžª°Ýv!j%g0f»w0sWqs)o sWp%loj&(n ’‡fÝ }/lnz|j
n fimCwRj%m‹¼ƒs%g0h w0e/fŒv0f{isWm‹ÈpWf{m/fig0j|w,lnsWm d!e/fŒw0e/log‹
pWf{m/fig0j|w,lnsWm j%pCj%lnmrisWm/vlov#w,v¦s%!¥¨Çt o sžª°žv¦j%m‹³vsÈsWm }/mCw,lÁ
w,ef?Cí Çw,eypWfimfig,j w,los%m¼xÈw0e/f
$Üe/lnpWe/fiv#wÁp%fim/f{g,j|w0losWm¹s%/w,ef¨h­s)o f{i}n f
¿ p5 21 5 1hÀhÀh{À 1 5àï $ d!e/f â ÇÆw0exfn fih­fimCw£f8s%lomCÐw,w,ge/sJln‹vÁ}/zWif{f¨{w0jîsWCí g)Nj/‹/f{lnhk¾/m/f{fim/v£v0lnw,sWe/m_f!j
mÝ| }/w,sWh˜qts)f{o g[s%p%s%’»tzWf{o sž{ªw0°ÝsWgv

â
(
â "
¥¨Çt o sžª°žvTln lov^sJ‹‹¶Wj%m‹kíys%w0e/fig Š lov0f sWglopWlnm_j|w0lom/pšƒgsWhÿ–0™ª£ •Rto sžª°¯lom¦w,e/f Çw,e
$
pWf{m/fig0j|w,lnsWm d!e/f?o f{m/p%w,ev»s%£w,e/fxt o sžª°žv Š lnw,elomrsWm/f˜pWfim/f{g,j|w0losWmyj|g0f‡m/f{if{v0v,j|g0l(Ø ’±w0e/f
v,j|hkf£t/}wTj|m˜tf8‹/l´G
8 f{g0f{mÝwTlom¦‹/l´G8 f{g0fimCw^pWf{m/fig0j|w,lnsWm/v $ w^lov6w,e/f{g0f2ƒsWg0f8}/v0f2ƒ}C w,s h­fj|v0}/gf
w,efo fimp%w,e/v!s|Tw0e/f¦¥šÇÆto sžª°Ýv!lom~w0fig0h­v!s% w,efOn fim/p|w,e`s%^w,e/f»¾/g0vwRp%fim/f{g,j|w0losWm9s
s
s
s ƒs%g¹w,ef±í[Çtn sJª°Ýv‡{" sWg0" gfivqsWm‹/lom/p
n ’ $ $ d!eÝ}/v{¶ Š f¼lomCw,gsJ‹/â}ifÂw0e/f~ƒs)(Î9n s Š ð lom/p
íCNj/ϕlnhkð f{m/v0lnsWm_j
6 z%fi{w0sWg6ñ (  1 1 m 1hÀÀhiÀ 1 m®ï  d!efNn fim/p|w,eys%£w,e/f ÇÆw0e p%fim/f{g,j|w0losWmrlnv
pWlØzWfim<tC’
îëï
s ( m s
Š e/f{g0f

ò
6(
. Ù
àò
"
Î
s
5
â
Ï
"
lov!sž‹/‹
s%w0e/fig Š lovf
ò
#"W$ "
Ñ ) Êó
f m/s Š nl mÝw0g0sž‹/}/{fRw0e/f!w,s%w,j /{sWmCw,fimCw4s%w,e/fᥨÇ{sWhkqsWm/f{mCw8lnmxw,e/fRh­s of{i} nf 6¶Ww,efim
Š á
w,ef¯ƒs os Š ln/
m p‡f Ý}_j w,los%m/vRe/s o‹
(
)
ï
s
m
(
‚ 5Ó
Î J— ò Ó%— ï #"
"
#"W$
fó ( s ‚
ƒ m 5 Ó
ÑWÑW
Ï J— ò ӗ ¿
j%m/‹<ƒsWgRw,e/f¹pWlnz%fimÈw0sWqs)osWp|’ ¾½Jf{‹Ží¶ j%m‹fñ j|m/‹Èw0e/f˜s:zWf{g,j
isWh­qs%v0lnw0losWm'ó6¶~s
$
j%m/‹Žs j%g0fŒ‹f{w,f{g0h­lom/f{‹Èlnm<jë}m/l(Ý}/f Š j:’
 f7Ï ½Jw Š f Š j|mÝwáw,sktf¹j%tnfŒw,s­j
ni}o j|w,fŒw,ef¹‹/lnvw,j%m/if¦tf{w Š fifimw Š s~pWlØzWf{mÈtnsJª°Ýv Î $
- f‡lomCw,gsJ‹}/if¦w,e/f‡v#’žvw,f{h s%£{sJs%g0‹/lnm_j|w,f{v»j%m‹mÝ}/h‡tfigŒj
to sžª°Ýv»sWg0lnpWlom/j|w,lnm/pxƒg0sWh
ĉ "
"
$
v0s%hkfŒtnsJª°ksWm¼w,e/f
Çw,e¼pWf{m/fig0j|w,lnsWm`ƒg0sWh
w0s?5 d!efimÈw0e/f¯qs%v0lnw0losWmÂs%ÁvsWh­f
ó
ÍÛÍ
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
A
2
1
3
3
2
1
3
2
3
2
1
2
C
3
1
3
1
2
D
2
1
1
3
2
3
3
2
]¸ +
2
3
1
2
3
C
1
2
3
2
2
3
1
3
1
1
3
1
2
2
1
3
2
1
1
3
3
3
1
3
1
2
B
2
1
B
3
1
2
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
2
2
1
1
A
2
2
3
2
1
2
H
b)
> (§ ô Ò
ö
²õ
  Ýõ

N
õ

]


)- á
€ ‘
§
^
© œ Ý  J b] Ý ©
ݍ   J  ´Š]  JŠ] Ý
tnsJª°¼lovÌpWlnz%fimtC’±jÂv0f2wŒs%)mÝ}/h˜tf{g0vi¶w,e_j|w ‹/f{¾/m/f˜w,ef˜w,g0jp3 fi2w,sWg#’ȁƒgsWh¢w,e/f¹sWg0lnpWlom<s%
$
w,ef h­s)of{i}nfšw,s¹w0e/lov4tnsJª°Ð¶Jj%m/‹ Š l(_tf ‹/f{m/s%w0fi‹~tC’kjOCí Njloh­fim/vlosWm_j&J zWf{{w0sWgõ ²_sWg
â
â
w,ef ÇÆw0ekpWf{m/fig0j|w,lnsWmëtosžª°‡j&(/{sWhkqsWm/f{mCw,v£s%æõ e/lnpWe/f{g[w,e_j%m j%g0fRfž }/j
/
w,s¦Ãif{g0s v0f{f
$n"%$ $
²Álnp ] d!e/f`ve/sWgw0fiv#wk‹lovw,j%m/{f~tf2w Š f{fimÀw,e/f`f{m/‹/vxs%Rw Š syto sžª°Ýv Š lnw0e qsWvlnw0losWm/v
† ‰
õ j%m/‹9õ † ‰ lovRpWlØzWf{m<tC’
ï #"
"
#"W$
Ä ( ‚J— m s Î~ò 5 s Ï ò ƒ0 ˜ Ê ß ‡™ F š ß ‡™ I š G ¾  ˜ Ñ Ê ß ‡™ F š G ¾ Ê ß ‡™ I š G ¾ 
Ñ ] - f¨g0f{ƒs%g0h‡}o j|w,f4w,e/f8ƒg,j%h­f Š sWg0°¦s% D f{{w0losWm/v "W$n" x "W$ ] lom˜w0e/f¨ƒsWgh…s|j%mëj
o p%sWg0lØw,e/h<¶
‹/f{q/lo2w,fi‹<v0ªefihkj|w,lnj
n ’Âj%v!ƒs)(n s Š v{¸
" í ¶ ¿ j%m/‹Mñ
m/q}w¸*
ó j%m/‹ Ò\y lnm`w,e/f¯g,j|m/pWfivRs%TlomCw0fig0f{vwÌj%m/‹¼ƒsWg!fij%ªeÈqsWlnmÝwi¸
Ñ%7÷ j%g#’VÈ
ÇÂij
o {}€ j w,f»w,ef¯z%fig#w,f2½¼ƒ}m/{w0losWm/v
ÇÂij
o {}€ j w,f»w,ef¯ƒgfif¯fimfig0p%lofiv!ƒsWgšw0e/f¯hkf{v0sWqe_j%v0f{v
Çk¾/m/‹Èw0e/f¯vwªj|to fŒh­fivsWq/e_j%vf w,ef¦s%m/f Š lnw,e`w0e/f6o s Š f{vwRƒg0f{f¯fim/f{g0p%’ ] = }w0q/}w¸)w0e/f¯q/e_j%vf¦‹l€j%pWg0j%h
"%$
a)
$
²ÁlnpW}/g0f
sž‹/f )‹fim/‹/gloh­figloxw,gfif2Ç oln°%fxvw0g0}/2w,}/gf d!efksWqfim³ilng0 nfx‹/fims%w,f{v¦w0e/f
$
$
®
sWglopWlnm<s|[w,e/f¹hks ofi{} of d!e/f‡ osWvfi‹{log0 of{v̋/f{m/s%w0f¹w,ef €j|tf ofi‹<t nsJª°Ýv j figf Š f
$
l o}/v#w,g0j|w,f!w,ef»v’žvw0fih s% isžsWg0‹lom_j|w0fiv4lomCw,gsJ‹}/if{‹ d!e/fŒqsWv0lØw,los%m/v£s% €j%tf nv ¶ j|m/‹
"
Ù Ù
$
1Ñ 1Ñ ¶ † ‰ ( Ñ 1 1
† _‰ ( Ñ 1 1 Ñ ¶Cg0f{v0qfi{w0lnz%f n’ t d!e/f
j%gf † ‰ (
j%m/‹
Î
Ï
$
ts o‹ olomfiv¦‹/fim/s|w,fÂw0e/fÂq_j w,e Š j’žvxtf{w Š fifim w0e/f oj%tf of{‹”t nsJª°Ýv d!e/f~q_j w,e Š j’žvëj%gf
…
" Ù
" Ù
…
Ù
Ù Ù
Ù Ù
Ù $
¶ (
¶ Ñ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶
j%m/‹
¶ (
Ñ ¶ Ñ ¶ ¶ Ñ ¶ ¶ ¶ J¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ Ñ ¶
â
œ Hã\ä w
æå
Hã
M:N ÝN E[S TE[U X6L/F TDE[K OX6U‘bšD ³Db!H_b!U ¨Z‡K/L_]
ÍÛø
d!e/f¦j
ni}oj|w,lnsWm`s%Áw0e/fŒzWf{gw,f7½<ƒ}/m/{w0losWmválnvRqf{gƒsWghkf{‹Èlnm¼w0e/f¯j%v0e/lnsWm¼‹/fiviglotfi‹
D
"W$ $
lom fi2w,lnsWm
Ñ ²_sWg­f2½j%h­qof|¶¨w,s³j
ni}oj|w,f`w0e/fÈw0e/log‹OsWg‹/figkisWgg0f€j|w0losWm ƒ}/m/2w,lnsWm
~
f
/
m
{
f
i
f
‹ w,sh­s:zWfÂw Š s€ j|tfo v˜s:z%figxj
š
¥¨Çt o sžª°žv{¶£j%m/‹‚s%m/ft€ j|tf8 s:zWf{gxj
R í[Ç
$Š
Î
/
Î
Ï
tnsJª°Ýv ²_sWg‡fj|ªe {sWm¾_p%}/g,j|w0losWm s|áw0e/f7€ j|tfo v Š f`m/fif{‹ w0sr‹/f{w0fighklnm/f~w,e/f~w’žqf`s%
‹/loj%pWg,j|h j%m‹~w,e/f{mÈ}/vfŒw,e/fn fim/p%w0e`s%^w,e/fŒtn sJª°Ýv Š lØw,e~w,efOo j%tfo v4ƒsWgs ¶Ûspù 1hÀhÀhÀ j|m/‹
Æ
w,ef¦‹lovw,j%m/{fivátf2w Š f{fim±w0e/sWv0f¦tn sJª°Ýv!ƒsWg Ä ¶ Ä 1hÀhÀhÀ lnm¼w0e/f¦fÝ }_j|w0losWm/vRs% qqf{m/‹/lؽ
$ d!e/f¯gfiv0} n w,lnm/pëmÝ}/h‡tfigRv0e/s%}o ‹¼tf¹j|‹/‹/fi‹¼w,s $
dTsÀ‹/lnvw0lom/pW}lov0e j%hks%m/p”w,efr‹/l
8 $ figfimCw`w’žqf{v<s|΁¹Îϋl€j%pWg0j%h­v n lom/f|¶šƒsWg0°Ð¶ávw,j%g Š f
lomCw0g0sž‹/}/ifšw0e/f!is%m/if{qw4s%_§™%“ƒ•4
ú ™
:Ñ ¤ q_j w,e Š j’xƒgsWh…s%m/f!t o sžª°¹w0s¯j%m/s%w0e/fig){sWm/vlovw0v
s%6w0e/fŒqs%v0lnw0losWmv8s%Tj
Ð
to sžª°Ývn ’žlom/p¹lomJÇÆtf2w Š f{fim`w,esWv0f w Š s vs/¶Jw0e/fŒq_j|w0e Š j’~lnv!j˜v0f2w
s%ThÂj‘½lnhÂj&(n ’ Ñ ˜
í " zWfi2w,sWgv $ s Š ¶Ðv0}q/qs%$ v0f Š f¦°Ým/s Š w,e_j wáw0e/f6€ j%tfn v w0e/g0f{f¦s%g
ƒsW}/gás%Tw,e/f{h sJ{i}/qC’<w,e/gfif¦‹/l
8 figfimC$Êw» t o sžª°žv {isWg‹/lom/p­w,s q/qfim/‹lؽ w0e/f{’<ij%m
ƒsWgh jVn lom/f7Ç[s%gšj˜v#wªj%gÇÆw’žqf ‹/l€j%p%g,j%h
m~w0e/f ¾_gvw!ij%v0fŒsWmf»s%6w,ef»to sžª°Ývštfo s%m/pWv8w0s
$î§
w,ef¹q_j w,e Š j’Ètf2w Š f{fimw0e/f¹s|w,e/f{g0vi¶ Š e/lo f¯lom¼w,e/f¦v0f{isWm‹j%vf˜lØw̋sJf{vÌm/s|w
e/f{ª°žlnm/p
w,elov!is%m/‹/lnw0losWm¼j&(o s Š v!}/v!w0s­‹lovw0lom/p%}/love¼j%hks%m/px‹/l
8 figfimCwRw’žqf{vÌs%T‹/loj%pWg,j|hkv lom~w0e/f
µ|ÇÆto sžª°ëj%vf»w,e/f»mÝ}/h˜tf{gšs% is%m/‹/lnw0losWmv¨lomig0fij%v0f{v!t/}wšw0e/f»pWf{m/fig0j
G
ln‹/fj‡gfihkj%lomv4w0e/f
$
v,j|hkf d!e/fáq/g0sžif{‹/}/g0fRs%w,efšƒg0fifRf{m/figp%’ëhklnm/loh­loÃij|w,lnsWm Š lnw0e­gfivqf{{w4w,sŒw,e/fRj|hkqn lnw0}/‹/fiv
$
j%m‹€¨
Ó
lnv)w,e/fRv,j|hkfáj%v)w,e/j|w4s%æ6
R
f{lotn figáÉŽC  ²_sWg)fj%ªekhkf{v0sWqe_j%v0f Š lØw,ekj¯ƒgfifRfim/f{g0p%’
Ԗ 1 Ó sWm/f¯v0esW}o ‹<v0s
n zWfŒw0e/fŒƒs)(n s Š lnm/p‡v#’Jv#w,f{h¢s%ÁfÝ }_j|w,lnsWm/v
–
{Ô Ù 1 {Ô Ù
{ (
{Ó (
$
1 Ó d!e/lov¯ij%m
j%m/‹ ªe/sžsWv0fëw,ef­vs)o}Jw,los%mw,e_j|w¦– {sWg0gfiv0qsWm/‹v¦w0s<w0e/fëhklnm/loh‡}h s%ŸÔ
tf‡‹/sWm/fëj|m_j
n ’Ýw0loj&(n ’%¶Ðq/g0s:zžlo‹/lnm/pÂw0e/fxsWqw0lohkj
^
j%hkq o lnw0}/‹/f{v́ƒsWg w0e/fxh­– fiv0s%q/e_j%vf $ d!e/f
q/e_j|v0fx‹/loj%pWg,j|h lnvÌw0e/fimyqn s%w0w0fi‹tC’{sWh­q_j%g0lnm/pkw0e/f˜ƒgfifxfimfig0p%lofiv s%8j
(^
hkf{v0sWqe_j%v0f{v
$lom fj|ªe”qsWlomCw¦s%¨w0e/fëq_j%g0j%hkf2w,f{g¦vq_j%{f Ò\y 1 s fkq/gsJ{fif{‹ Š lnw0e w0e/fkgfiv}n w0v¯ƒs%g
‹/l´G
8 f{g0fimCwá‹/f{m/"W‹/$ g0lnhk"W$ &f{g0v $
$^
²Álop%}/g0f{v µ|Ç
v0es Š w,e/f`qe_j%v0f`tfie/j:zžlnsW}/gxs%Rz|j%g0lnsW}/vxj|g0ªe/lØw,fi2w,}/gfiv
fivq/lnw0f
w,ef­‹l
8 fig0f{m/if{v¯lomrw,sWqs)n sW$ p%’W¶mÝ}/h‡tfig¯s%8to sžª°Ýv¯j%m/‹ t/g,j%mªe/lom/p¼qsWlomCw0vi¶ j
Á v’žv#w,fih­v
tfie_jzWf¹lomÈjkvloh­l(€ j|g Š j:’ d!e/filngÌqe_j%v0f¦‹/loj%pWg,j|hkvRj%gf¦z%fig#’Èo sWvf¦w0s­w0e/sWvf˜s%Tw,e/f¦‹/lØÇ
$
tn sJª°cŽC‘¶/w0g0lot o sžª°rc%Ž ¶_vw,j%gáj%m/‹<pWg,j|@wšisWqs)n ’žh­figv˜cWÝ¶%´| d!e/f¦w0s%wªj&
mÝ}/h‡tfigRs%
tn sJª°Ýv!j%m‹`t/g,j%mªe/lom/p˜qsWlnmCw,všlnm _
`
}/f{m/if{všw,e/f»vq/lomsJ‹_j&
w0fih­qf{g,j|w0}/g0f|¶ Š e/lo fÌw0e/f»g0j|w,lns
5 o 5 j%m/$ ‹ w,e/f­mÝ}/h‡tfig˜s|št/g0j%m/ªe/lnm/pÈqsWlnmÝw0v¹lnm _` }/f{m/if{v¹w0e/fÂj|v’žhkh­f{w0g’ys%¨q/e_j%vf
‹/loÎ j%pWg,j|Ï hkv vloh­l(o j%g¨sWtv0fig#z|j|w,lnsWm Š j%váhÂj|‹/f¯lom” W‘ Š e/figf¹w,ef˜j%}Jw,e/sWgvRisWm/mfi{w0fi‹
w,efklnm/igfj%vfÂlomyw,efk{sWhkq o f2½JlØw’rs%!h­s)o f{i}n fiv Š lnw0e w0e/f­v0e/l؁@w˜s%8w,e/f­v0qlom/sž‹_j
)
w,f{hëÇ
$ +
qfig,j w,}/gf sWg0f{s:zWfig{¶Jw0e/fÌgfo j|w,lØzWf!v0lnÃif{v8s%w,e/fávw,j%t/lo lnw’¹g0f{pWlos%m/v)ƒsWg£‹/l
8 figfimCw4q/e_j%vfiv
j%gf¹j&o h­sWvw!w0e/f¹v0j%h­f¯ƒs%gÌj&(
v#’Jv#w,f{hkv{¶ Š e/lo f»w0e/f¦w’žqfivÌs%[q/$ e/j%v0f{v»j%m/‹¼w,efilogRsWg‹/figRlnv
is%hkqn f{w0fn ’˜lom/‹fiqfim/‹/f{mCw¨s%w,e/f!w0sWqs
o sWp%’˜s%Gw0e/fRhks
o fi{}o f{v d!e/figf{ƒsWgf%¶ Š fáisWmo }‹/f
w,e/j|w4j
( hkfij%mJÇƾ/fo ‹ëh­sJ‹f/
v#’Jv#w,f{hkv lnw0eº¯j%}/vv0loj%mëªe_j%lomv Š l(/ e/j:z%fÌqe_j%v0fá‹/loj%pWg,j|hkv
$Ø"W$ "W$ &$ Š
v0lnhkl€ j%g4w,sëw,e/s%v0f¦lom<²Álop%v µ Ç
d!e/lovRlnválnm<j%pWg0f{fih­fimCw Š lnw,e`w0e/f¹gfi{fimCw…Ø ’¼q/g0sWqsWvfi‹
&%&
ª£  ›¤2“¬@“‘žû “¬@›üYýo; ˆ£TþYª£ ª§_Š;Ò Ñ ŸÂ–2©4•ªÑ §_ “@•_–ª¤2¬o¤8  Š e/loªe‡f7½Jq€ j%lnm/vTw0e/f¨qe_j%v0f¨tf{e_jzJlnsW}/g^s%
$
is%hkqn loij|w,f{‹`hks)n fi{}o f{všsWm`w,e/f¯t_j|v0lov!s|Tw0e/f¯tf{e_jzJlnsW}/g!s%^w,efilog!{sWm/v#w,lnw0}w,lØzWfŒtn sJª°Ýv
Í/B
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
100.0
HEX
χN
80.0
BCC
χN
FCC
42
DIS
ÿ
GYR
0.77
p
60.0
GYR
HEX
40.0
HEX
LAM
FCC
FCC
BCC
BCC
20.0
0.2
0.3
^ìQD  § 0.4
0.5
p
0.6
¿
Yí
 
0.7
0.8
ñ §§ (  "§ 1 § "  ‹/f{m/‹/gloh­fig $
ÇP
o lnm/fRtf{j%}/vf
"W$
² lnpW}/g0f µ/¸ )e_j%v0f˜‹/l€j%p%g,j%h¢ƒsWgRw,e/f
Á
(\Ñ ¶ ( Ñ 1 Ñ j%m‹
d!e/f
Dz
nlom/f!sWm­w,e/fáv0hkj /pWg,j|q/e‹/sžfiv4m/s%w£w0sW}/ªeÂw0e/f ²
$
s%^w,e/fŒ¾_mlnw,fŒv#w,f{q±v0lnÃif
350.0
χN
250.0
GYR
HEX
GYR
150.0
HEX
LAM
BCC
BCC
50.0
0.2
²Álop%}/g0f
"%$
©
·J¸ )e_j|v0f¦‹/l€j%p%g,j%h
0.3
0.4
6í
ƒsWgšw,ef
0.5
p
(ìÑ ¶
¿
(
0.6
0.7
 ":Ù 1 µ  j%m‹ñ
(
0.8
"1"
‹/f{m/‹/gloh­fig
$
â
œ Hã\ä w
æå
Hã
ÍÛ
M:N ÝN E[S TE[U X6L/F TDE[K OX6U‘bšD ³Db!H_b!U ¨Z‡K/L_]
600.0
500.0
400.0
χN
GYR
GYR
300.0
HEX
HEX
LAM
200.0
BCC
FCC −> BCC
100.0
0.2
0.3
'©
"W$
² lnpW}/g0f Á
Ž ¸ )e_j%vf~‹/loj%pWg,j|h
$
‹/gloh­fig
0.4
Ní
ƒsWg¯w,e/f
(
0.5
p
]J¶ ¿
0.6
0.7
Š] 1 ] 1 ] 
(
0.8
2ñ
j%m/‹
(
"1"1"
‹/fimžÇ
950.0
χN
750.0
550.0
GYR
GYR
HEX
HEX
350.0
LAM
FCC
BCC
150.0
0.2
'©
0.3
0.4
Ní
0.5
p
] ¿

0.6
0.8
" " "
j%m/‹2ñ (  1 1  ‹/fimžÇ

ànfim/p%w0e/v!s% w,ef¦¥šÇÆtosžª°Ýv
"W$
² lnpW}/g0f J¸ )e_j%vf~‹/loj%pWg,j|h ƒsWg¯w,e/f
Á
( J¶
( ‘µ 1 µ 1 µ
$
‹/gloh­fig d!e/fŒj%g#w,sžsWm`s% w,efŒ‹/fim/‹g0loh­fig¨lovšm/s|wšw,sxvj n%f ¸£j
$
v0esW} o‹¼tfŒw,e/f¯v,j|hkf
0.7
ÍÛ:
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
950.0
χN
750.0
550.0
GYR
GYR
350.0
LAM
HEX
HEX
FCC
BCC
150.0
0.20
BCC
0.30
t©
"W$
² lnpW}/g0f ´¸ )e_j%vf¼‹/l€j%p%g,j%h
Á
$
‹/f{m/‹/g0lnhkf{g
0.40
tí
ƒsWg˜w0e/f
(
0.50
p
µ/¶
0.60
¿
(
0.70
|· 1 " 1 ] 1 " 
0.80
lñ
j|m/‹
"1"1"1"
(
170.0
χN
120.0
GYR
HEX
GYR
HEX
70.0
LAM
FCC
BCC
20.0
0.2
©
0.3
BCC
0.4
í
0.5
p
¿

”¶6±
0.6
0.7
 ^ Mñ
0.8

"W$&
" " " " "
" " " " "
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
² lnpW}/g0f
Á
¸ £e/j%v0f¦‹/l€j|pWg,j%h ƒsWgšw0e/f ( ·ž¶ (
j%m/‹
(
$
‹/f{m/‹/g0lnhkf{g qfimCwªj%t osžª° d!e/fÌv,j%h­fRv’žvw0fih Š j%v4vw0}/‹/lnfi‹ÂtC’ sWt/g#’žm/lom­j%m/‹ )g0}/°Ýe/lYÇ
$
h­s‘zžlnªey |´| t/}wšw0e/f{’‹/lo‹~ms%wš{sWm/v0ln‹/fig8w,e/f¦º
j%m/‹~ƒ{»q/e_j%vfiv d!e/f{’ÂsWtw,j%lom/f{‹
$
jxv0lnhkl €j%g8q/e_j%vf¦‹l€j%pWg0j%h
€[

Œ b däPGFTQ]Ý]_S Fr]CI/FI4SÉ]CI8SD_]
Íàx
M:N WN
$n"%$
² sWg¯f2½j%h­q of|¶Álnm w0e/fÂij%v0fks%šw,ef­w Š s|Çp%fim/f{g,j|w0losWm³‹/fim/‹g0loh­fig¦lom³²Álnp µ/¶6w0e/f æ #è
_
h­lo°Cw,sCj|g0hxÇvw,j%g0v^j%gf¨w,efšt/}/l o‹/lnm/p t nsJª°Ýv[s|_w,e/fšh­s nfii} ofivÁj%m/‹‡w0e/filngÁtfie_jzžlosW}g Ý}_j ØÇ
$
lnw,j|w,lØzWf n’‡{sWg0gfivqsWm‹/v¨w,s¦w,e/fáq/e_j|v0f ‹l€j%pWg0j%h s%Gw,e/f Ñ 1 Ñ ÇƋ/fim‹/g0lnhkf{g lom/{f Š f»ij%m
j Š j’žv[is%m/vw0g0}/2w£j is%hkq nloij|w,f{‹˜h­s of{i} nf£ƒgsWh v0lnhkq nf8s%m/fiv{¶ olo°|f¨j̋/lot nsJª°Ð¶ w,g0lnt osžª°
$¨®
j%m/‹<v0sksWm¶/w0e/f¹gfiv} nw0lom/p­q/e_j%vf¹tfie/j:zžlnsW}/gRlovRpWsWlnm/pxw,s­tfŒw’žq/lnj
s Š f{z%fig{¶G}/m nlo°|f
"W$
"W$
w,efxpWfim/f{g,j [w0e/fis%g’rs% f{{w0losWm/v Ñ j%m/‹
¶6sW}/gŒh­sž‹/f Tv’žvw0fih ‹/sžfiv¯m/s%w¯{sWm/vlo‹/f{g
vw0g0}/2w,}/gfivëlom Š e/loªe‚w0e/f`fim/‹vxs%!w,e/f`t osžª°žv‡j%g0fÂw0e/f~t/g0j%m/ªe/lnm/prqsWlomCw,v Š lnw,e”ts%w0e
$ ¥¢j%m/‹çí\t nsJª°Ýv~j w0wªj|ªe/fi‹ w0s w0e/fih
d!elovÂlnvëm/fi{fiv0v0j%g’%¶áƒs%g­f7½j%hkq of%¶8w,s hksž‹/f
$
is%h‡tÂ{sWqs n’žhkf{g0v d!e/f{g0f2ƒsWg0f Š f»ij%m/m/s%w¨tfáv0}g0f w0e_j|w8v0}/ªe`v#’Jv#w,f{hkv Š l j nv0s˜e/j:z%f
$
w’žq/loij 4q/e_j%vf‹/loj%pWg,j|hkv d!e/figfÂlov¹j nv0s±f2zžlo‹/f{m/ifÂw0sÈw0e/fÂ{sWmCw,g,j|g’¸ sWt/g#’Jmlom‚j|m/‹
)g0}/°Ýe/lnhks:zžloªeyƒsW}/m‹³w,e/j|w¯w,e/fxw,efisWg#’rj%l nv ƒsWgŒw,e/f­e/sWh­s|ÇÆvwªj|g0v æ ˆ è ˆ Š lnw0e
·
j%m/‹yw,e/j|w¯w,e/fëis%g0g0f{v0qsWm/‹/lnm/p<q/e_j%vfk‹/loj%pWg0j%hkv isWmCwªj|lom g0fip%losWm/v¯lnm Š eloªeyw,e/f­q/e_j%vf
$
tfie_jzžlosW}g j|m/m/s%wÌtf¹q/g0f{‹/lo2w,f{‹ Š lnw,elom¼w,e/f˜j%q/q/gsCj%ªe}/vfi‹ c%´|
f{z%figw0e/f nfivvi¶Gw0e/f
$
s%w0e/figRq/e_j|v0f¯‹/l€j|pWg,j%h­všve/s Š w,e/f¯v0j%hkf»w’žq/lnj 6tfie/j:zžlnsW}/g
$
f˜j ovs Š j%mCw w0sÂfih­q/e_j|v0loÃ{f¹w0e/f˜{sWhkq of{w0f˜j|t/v0f{m/if‡s|[w,e/f
h­sWg0q/es osWp|’
d!e/lnvšlov8m/s%wšv}/g0qg0lovlom/p˜f{zWf{m`ƒsWg8w0e/f ‘µ 1 µ 1 µ Njfim/‹/gloh­figv Š lØw,eÂw0e/f»µ|ǁƒs o‹kv’žhkh­f{w0g’
$
&
s%/w0e/f4hks nfi{} of{v
v^lnw Š j|vÁv0es Š mxtC’
j|w0v0f{mxj%m/‹ šj|w,f{v!ÉŽ ¶|w0e/f
q/e_j|v0f¨e/j%v
j oj%g0pWf{g8lnmCw,fig#j%ifÌlomkisWh­q_j%glov0s%m Š lnw0ekw0e/f¯º
q/e_j%vfŒj%m/‹ÂisW} n‹~e_jzWf tf{fim`vw,j%t nf
$
sWm ؒÀj|w­zWf{g’ os Š w0fih­qf{g,j|w0}/g0f{v
wklovëe/s Š f2zWf{g~v0{g0fif{m/fi‹ tC’ s%w0e/fig­hks%g0q/e/s osWpWlnfiv
®
$
j%m/‹
m/s|w,e/f{gŒlomCw,f{g0fiv#w,lnm/p~ƒfj|w0}/g0fxlnv w,efxm/s%wªj|t n’ €j%gpWf‡gfipWlnsWms%4vw,j%t/l olnw’<s%£w0e/fxt/lØÇ
$Ø"W$ $
is%mÝw0lomÝ}/sW}v[p%’žg0sWln‹˜q/e/j%v0fšlnm‡²Álnp ´ ²_sWg^v0}ªe­h­s nfii} ofiv w,ef¨e/lnpWe n’¯tg,j%m/ªefi‹ëvw0g0}/7Ç
w,}g0fkj%m/‹yw,e/f­g0f €j|w0lnzWfë{sWmƒsWghÂj|w0losWm/j Tƒgfifi‹sWh s%¨w0e/f­fim/‹‚¥šÇíìt nsJª°Ýv¯jzWsW}/gŒw0e/f
$
1 1 Ç)j%m/‹ ‘µ 1 µ 1 µ Ç
º çqe_j%v0fŒs:z%figšw,ef
q/e_j%vf d!e/lov!lnvšm/s%w!j˜ƒfj|w0}/g0f»s|
‹/f{m/‹/g0lnhkf{g0v{¶%ƒsWgÁf7½j%hkq of%¶%tf{j%}/vf¨ƒsWg^w,e/f{h…w,efšsW}w0figÁve/f s%_w0e/fšh­s of{i} nf8{sWm/vlovw0v
$
"
"
sWm ؒÂs|6w,e/f¦¥Üt osžª°Ýv d!e/figf{ƒsWgf%¶ Š fŒv0}pWpWfiv#w!w,e_j w!v’žvw0fih­v olo°|f |· 1 1 1
q/g0sž‹/}/{f
$
w,ef‡t/lo{sWmCw,lnmž}sW}/v»p%’žgsWlo‹qe_j%v0fxgf oj|w,lØzWf ؒ¼fj%vl ؒ
fëj%g0f¹m/s%w¯j Š j%g0fxs|4j%mC’±f7½qfigÇ
loh­fimCw,j RisWm¾/g0hkj|w,lnsWm s% w,e/lnvÂq/gfi‹/ln{w,lnsWm vlom/{f±w,efhkf nw0vks%¹¥ í eC’žqf{g#ÇÆt/g,j%mªe/fi‹
$
is%qs ؒžhkf{g0v»e_jz%fxm/s%w»’%f{w¯tfifimyv#w,}/‹/lnfi‹ylom±‹/f{w,j%l d!e/figf­lnv gfiif{mCw¹qg0sWpWgfivvŒlom±w0e/f
"ÙWÙ
v’žmCw,efiv0lnv¹s|¨v}/ªe”hkj|w,f{g0loj ov v0f{f%¶ ƒsWgŒf2½j%h­q of|¶4
 ¶ t/}w¯w0e/figf­lnvŒm/s<v’žvw0fihkj|w,ln
$
vw0}/‹’¼s%^w,efilog!qe_j%v0f¯tfie_jzžlos%}/g
[
D
) ÊD
6 
Ý
]
^ ( (
5 }
”
= ^^
)
> + 
)
= ^^
>
”¶6±
,

) ªŠ] ] ]  f

) Y ] 
( ”
(
- ) >
§§
Œ
[µ
”¶6±
6R +
)
îëï
) 
ù­ú
m±w0e/lovÌv0fi2w,lnsWm
Áøiò‡ú
þ+ò‡ö
h î
T÷[ò¦÷)ø T÷[øõ
)
Š f‡v0e/s Š e/s Š w,ef˜v0lnm/p nf2Ǫe/j%lomÈi$ sWgg0f oj|w,lnsWm¼ƒ}/m/{w0losWmvÌij%mrtf¹j ni}JÇ
€j w,fi‹”lom³w0e/f~ij%v0f`s%ájÈm/sWmJǺ¦j%}v0v0loj%m”v#wªj|w0lov#w,lo{v
vxj%m‚f7½j%hkq of Š f~w,gfj|w‡j±h­f nw
$
s%T‹/lot osžª°Âis%qs ؒžhkf{g!g0lompWv d!e/f¯q/e/j%v0f¦tf{e_jzžlosW}/gRs%T‹/lnt osžª°Â{sWqs n’žhkf{gšg0lnm/pWv!‹/ln‹
m/s%w¨j|ww,g,j|{w¨j%v8h˜}/ªe`j|ww,fimCw0losWmÂj%v4w0e/f qe_j%v0fÌtf{e_jzžlosW}/g4s%w0e/filng nlom/fij%g£isW}mÝw0figq_j%gw0v
"
$
":Ù"
vfif  Ñ ¶ !j%m‹ g0f{ƒf{g0f{m/if{v‡w,e/f{g0filnm Rfi{fimCw ؒ
j|g0°%s 
¨{sWm/v0ln‹/figfi‹ w,ef Š fij%°WÇ
v0f{pWg0f{pCj|w0losWmxgfipWlnhkfšs|w0e/f!‹/lnt osžª°¹{sWqs n’žh­fig[glom/pŒh­f Øw)j%m/‹­j%vv0}/h­lomp¯j%mësWqf{mëg0lomp
$
w,sxtf¦º¯j%}/v0vl€j%m`ij o{} €j w,fi‹kw,e/f
d w,f{hkqfig0j|w,}/gfŒj%vRj˜ƒ}/m{w,lnsWm`s%^is%hkqsWv0lØw,lnsWm
®
f{g0f Š fkij o{} €j|w0f‡w,e/fëm/s%mJÇ nlom/fij%g»g0f{v0qsWm/vfÂq/gsWqf{gw0lofivŒs|šv0}ªe‚j¼hkf nw¯j%m‹³sWtJwªj%lnm
)
P
=^
±
)
… +
E
7s
ÍÛ¢
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
$
lnw0v!q/e_j%vf¯‹/l€j%p%g,j%h
m 6filnt of{g cv`ƒsWg0hkj olnv0h cŽW Œw,e/f g,j|m/‹/sWh q/e/j%v0f³j%q/q/gs½lnhÂj w,los%m isWm/mfi{w0vÈw0e/f
w,elog0‹žÇšj|m/‹ÈƒsW}gw,ežÇsWg‹/figRzWf{gw,f7½±ƒ}m/{w0losWm/v Š lnw0e Ñ Ç,¶ ‘Çšj|m/‹±µ|ÇÆqs%lomCwRisWgg0f €j|w0losWm¼ƒ}/m/7Ç
$o#"W$Ø":Ù $
w,lnsWm/všs|[º¯j%}/vv0loj%m¼ªe_j%lomv v0f{fŒf
d!e/fŒ}/v0j%pWf¯s% w,e/f¦º¯j%}/vv0loj%m`vw,j|w,lnvw,lniv¨ƒs%g
":Ù ":Ù
":Ù
":Ù
"Ù
"Ù
$
g0lnm/p~qs n’žh­figv»lov Ý}/f{vw0losWm_j|t of v0f{f< Ñ ¶ J¶ µ¶ ·ž¶ Ž¶ ‘[ƒs%g»‹/lovi}/vv0lnsWm ®
s Š f{z%figi¶^w,e/fxg0j%‹/ln}/vŒs%8p%’žg,j|w0losWm
s%¨j`g0lnm/p`qs n’žhkf{g»v0ij of{v Š lnw0eyw0e/fëqs n’žhkf{g#Ç
Ù
Ù
$
loÃij|w,lnsWmlnm/‹/f2½
j%v¯j nhks%vw»º¦j%}v0v0loj%m¸
¶ (
µ
µÝ·
ovs~w,e/f
d
w,f{hkqfig0j|w,}g0fiv¨isWh­q/}w0fi‹¼tC’
j%g°%sëj%gf»lom~j‡pWsJsž‹`j%p%g0fif{hkf{mCw Š lnw0e`v0loh˜} €j|w0losWm­‹_j|w,j
":Ù $
$
 µ| d!e/figf{ƒsWgf Š f¯j%m<}/vf‡º¯j%}/vv0l€j|m<v#wªj|w0lov#w,lo{vRj%vRjx¾_g0v#w j|q/q/g0s½Jlohkj|w0losWm
j%g°%s‚e_j|vÂsWtw,j%lomfi‹ w0e/fȁƒs os Š lomp f Ý}_j|w,lnsWmOƒs%g­w0e/f±q/gsWt_j%tl olØw’‚w,s ¾_m/‹ w Š s
h­sWm/sWh­figv»v0f{q_j%g,j w,fi‹ tC’
j%m/‹
hks%m/sWh­fig0v»j osWmp~w,e/f
Çh­sWm/sWh­fig»glom/p¼j w
w,ef¦qsWvlnw,lnsWm/v j%m/‹
1 1 #"W$
1 1 )(
Ñ µ 1 ±
1 vw,j%m/‹/v8ƒsWg4w0e/f qg0sWt_j|t/l nlnw’‡s| j‡º¯j%}/vv0l€j|mªe_j%lnmÂvfipWh­fimCw¨w0s‡e_jzWfÌlnw0v
Š e/f{g0f
fim‹/v j wRqsWvlnw0losWm/v j%m/‹
•R ›Õ
)
ì
)
y BÉ
" " É
# " " É
õ É
À
(
y
=^
(
" y lÉ
"
Î y
À
Mõ
Î
Ï Ð c y
É
"
]
Ï Ð
+
+
"
y
œ]
]Ï #"W$
Ñ · )( ˜
Ñ É 
Ñ É
–
–
o $ d!e/f
lov±jOh­sWm/sWh­fig<v0lnÃif|¶¹j|m/‹Ëw,ef”g,j|‹/lo}/vÈs%xp%’žg0j|w,lnsWm Ï Ð ( y Ž
Š e/f{g0f
$
h‡}Øw,lnqo– lnfig
Î 1 lnvŒj`m/sWg0hkj
n loÃj w,los%mÈ{sWm/vw,j%mCw d!e/f­²_sW}/glofigÌw,g,j|m/vƒ– sWgh s%£w0e/f
$o#"W$
":ÙJ" y
f

Ñ µ lnv¦
Á Á i
#"W$
# 71 1 É )( Ñ ^ Ê 5 f7½Jq€e y É y lÉ Pk 1 ( T»Ï Ð
Ñ Ž - f¦‹fig0lØzWf¯v0lnhkl€ j%g4f2½Jq/gfivv0los%m/v́ƒsWg‘] Ç8j%m/‹¼µ|Çh­sWm/s%hkf{gšq/g0s%t_j%t/lo lnw0lof{vi¸
" 1 É " " 1 " " 1 y l
É #"W$ 
"
# " 1 " 1 " 1 É 1 )(
Ñ Î 1 y # Ú " 1 " 1 " 1 " 1 É 1 £1 ÛG
" 1 É " " 1 " " 1 ÛG " " 1 y É ÛG #"W$ ´
"
(
Ñ Î 1 y
]
õ 1É
f2½Jq±/
"!
"!
!
"!
#
"!
$ !
%
w,s%pWf{w0e/fig Š nl w0e`w,e/f{logR²_sW}/glofig8w,g,j|m/vƒsWghkv
21 1 1 1 [( Ñ Ê 5
5
× f2½Jq ƒ
5
Ú 71 1 1 Ú 1 1 41 ÛÁ( Ñ Ê 5
Ú
5
5
ÛG
× f2½Jq ƒ
À
5
G
Û
6
5
ë
Û
5
É
#
#
e
ÁÉ
'!
"!
 y lÉ
y
e
É
y
Á
 y 1
É
É y lÉ
 É
Â
!
É
y 1
#"W$ &
Ñ Hk
!
!
&!
#"W$ Ù
Ðhk ] ÛG
Œ
4ã
ÍÛ¸
M:N WN JUWQ D_I4QGFJI8Scb I4E[KÝb!L
(
35.0
GYR
χN
30.0
GYR
FCC
25.0
HEX
LAM
BCC
HEX
20.0
15.0
0.2
^ìQD
©
§\§ y
ihr
)(
€R 0.4
)
0.6
0.8
)
(
])] [µ ”¶6± ]
(
f
-
"W$Ø":Ù
$
² lnpW}/g0f
Á
¸ )e_j%v0f ‹/l€j|pWg,j%h ƒsWg w,e/f /
‹ lot nsJª° isWqs n’žh­fig g0lnm/p
lØw,e+lomJÇ
igfj%vf s%çw,e/f Ò
q/j%g,j%h­f{w0fig w0e/f ƒs os Š lnm/p v0f ž}fim/{f s%Ëw0g,j%mv0lnw0losWmv w,j%°%f{v
ŒÙ$
ŒÙ$
®
Ù$ &
³$
q oj%if|¸
²
º
d!e/f”mž}h‡tf{g
Ñ µ lom t/g,j%ª°|f{w0v`lom/‹/lnj|w0fiv­w,e/fr{sWhkqsWvlnw,lnsWm_j nlo­
h lnwës%¯v#wªj%tl olØw’Às%Œw,efisWgg0f{v0qsWm/‹/lnm/p
$
q/e_j|v0f
+*
§§
*
*
*
*
R +
(
V
Š e/f{g0fxƒs ns Š lom/p f{lot nfig Š fëj%vv0}/h­fi‹yw,e_j w¯j Š jz%f2ÇÆz%fi2w,sWgv˜e_jzWfxw0e/fxv,j%h­f nfim/p%w0e
¶/j%m/‹<lomCw,gsJ‹/}ifi‹¼w,ef¹j|m/p ofÌz%j|g0l€j|t of{v
ê ê (
ƒsWg
5
5 Ú (
j%m/ ‹
ƒs%g
Ú
( ":ÙJ" $
Á½qg0fivv0lnsWm/v́ƒs%gRw0e/f olomfj%g!gfiv0qsWm/vf¹ƒ}/m{w,lnsWm/v Š fig0f¹q/g0f{v0f{mÝw0fi‹rtC’
j%g°%s

$
m/j osWp%sW}/váf2½Jq/g0f{v0vlosWm/v́ƒsWgáw0e/f˜msWmJÇ nlom/fij%g!ƒ}/m/2w,los%m/v»j%gf¹qg0s:zžlo‹/f{‹lom
q/qfim/‹lؽ
m/if»w0e/sWvf ƒ}/m/2w,los%m/vRj%g0f °žms Š mG¶w,e/f»z%fig#w,f2½~ƒ}/m/{w0losWmvšj%m`tfŒj oi} €j|w0fi‹ Š lØw,eÂw0e/f
$o#"W$Ø":Ù $
"%$ $
e/f oq<s%)f
is%m/vw0g0}/2w,los%m Š j%vÌf7½Jq €j%lnm/fi‹Èlom fi2w,lnsWm
d!e/f¦q/e_j%vf˜‹/loj%$Ø"WpW$ng0"j%Ùhÿ
$
d!e/fgfiv} nwÂlovÂqg0fivfimCw,f{‹çlnm ²Álnp
d!efq/e_j%vfrtf{e_jzžlosW}/gks%Œw,ef±g0lnm/p‚‹/lnt osžª°
is%qs ؒžhkf{gÌh­f Øw lnv»j nhksWv#wÌw0e/f‡v0j%hkf‡j%vÌw0e_j|wŒs%)w0e/f nlom/fij%gá‹/lot nsJª°Ýv Š lØw,e±w0e/f˜w0g,j%mJÇ
":Ù
$
v0lØw,lnsWm w0fih­qf{g,j|w0}/g0f{v˜ve/ln@w0fi‹ lom‚j|pWg0f{fih­fimCw Š lØw,e  ´  d!e/fksWm ؒy‹/l figfim/{f~lov¹j
Ù
Ù
®
€j|g0pWf){sWhkqsWvlnw,lnsWm_j g,j|m/pWf (
ŽW Š e/figf4w0e/f£‹/logfi{w w0g,j%m/vlnw0losWm
$
sžii}g0v
)
Âir
[
= )
O
 ir
#
 ir
P
>
ªs
À ])]
,
À
+
#
Ž[
& D
8 ì^ QD
.-
]
[µ
Né
d!e/fR6filot ofig v»w0e/fis%g’W¶Tj%v¦j%mC’yh­fj%mJǾ_fn ‹rw,e/f{sWg’%¶T‹/sžfiv¯m/s|w¹lnm/n}/‹/fV`_}{w,}/j|w,lnsWm/v¯s%
$
w,efxsWg0‹/f{gŒq_j%g0j%hkf2w,f{g R6f{lotnfig»e/lnhkvfØ £m/s%w,lnif{‹ cŽC‘[w,e_j wŒw,e/lnv»‹/fivigloqw0losWmrtfi{sWhkf{v
îëï
0/
1
ôörõ!÷)öò¦÷)øiù­ú
32
÷[üý»ù
ø Î
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
po
s
" $
lom/j%q/q/gsWq/g0loj|w,fálom­w,e/fÌzJlnilnm/lnw’ës%6w0e/f»{g0lnw0loij ÐqsWlnmCw (
g0h­fi‹`lnm
Ñ d!e/lnv ":Ù%Š & j|vš"%i":sWÙ mJ¾_
$
j~v0qfi2wªj%{} €j|gŒv0figlof{vŒs%4f2½Jqf{g0lnhkf{mÝw0vŒtC’ šj|w0fiv¯j%m‹ {s|Ç Š sWg°%figvk
¶
 ²_sWg»f7½ÝÇ
Ù
j%h­q of|¶Ww,e/f2’­v0e/s Š fi‹`w,e_j w4ƒs%g¨j¦v olnpWeCw ؒxj%v#’Jh­h­f{w,gloR‹/lnt osžª°xisWqs ؒJh­fig
·W· ¶
(
w,ef~lomCzWf{g0vf`qfij%°
lnmÝw0fim/vlnw’³lovxjÈm/sWm nlom/fij%g¹ƒ}/m{w,lnsWm‚s%!w0e/f~gfiilnq/g0sžj 8w,f{hëÇ
$
qfig,j w,}/gf d!e/lnv!g0fiv} nwšlovšlnm`j‡vw0g0sWm/px‹lov,j|pWg0f{fih­fimCw Š lnw0eÂw,e/fŒh­fj|mJÇƾ_f o‹~qg0fi‹lo{w0losWmv
$
ÉŽC ¸
Ò
d!e/Í f mfifi‹Âlom~j¯q/gsWqf{g /}/{w0}_j|w,lnsWmkw0e/fis%g’­s%Gw0e/f
d Š j%v4ƒ} n¾ of{‹ëtݒk²_g0f{‹/g0lnª°WÇ
®
$
"W"%"
v0s%m`j%m/‹ f nj|m/‹rÉŽW´| d!e/f{’kt_j%vfi‹~w0e/filngšj%m_j n’žv0lnv8sWmkw,e/f Š sWg°ktC’ ¨g,j|Ãis:zžv0°Ýlol[
¶
®
Š e/s­vw0}/‹/lof{‹<w0e/fŒƒs ns Š lom/p j%h­l nw0sWm/loj%m
"
#"W$ "
 А (
š5 µ ß ß ß
ß  5 ä ä 
Ô Ô Ô
Ñ Ô
®
" $
f{g0f`ƒsWg‡w0e/f¼v,j%°|fÈs%Ìv0lnhkq olo{lnw’ Š fÈsWm n’‚{sWm/vlo‹/f{gëw0e/f¼v’žh­hkf2w,g0ln`j%vf
(
Ù
$€"W$ " Ñ
²_sWg
˜
¶
,
w
e
‚
f
w
|
s
Æ
Ç
q
%
s
o
l
C
m
r
w
i

%
s
0
g
0
g
f
€
|
j
0
w
o
l
W
s
ç
m
ƒ

/
}
/
m
{

0
w
o
l
W
s
m
n
l
m
f
Š
Ò Ò
(
¶
$
d!elovëhkfij%m/v‡w0e_j|w‡w0e/f¼q/g0f7Ç
k(
5 ä ä ¶4‹/lnz%figpWfiv‡ƒsWgëj|mݒËê ¨ê ( ä
Íw,g0j%m/vlnw,lnsWm_j Ðv#wªj|w0fŒlovšªe_j|g,j%2w,figloÃ{fi‹¼tC’~w,e/f osWm/p Ç olØzžlom/p €j%gpWf2Çj%h­q olØw,}/‹/f!lnv0sžfim/f{g0pWf2w,ln
_}/2w,}_j w,los%m/v¯s%¨w0e/fks%g0‹/f{g¦q/j%g,j%h­f{w0fig Š lnw0e w0e/f­v,j%h­f Š jzWf7Ç nfim/p%w0e ä t}w˜‹l fig0f{mCw
$
sWglofimCw,j|w,lnsWm/v
fi2w,lnz%f ؒW¶w,ef‡sWg0‹figŒq_j%g0j%h­f{w,f{g e_j|v¯j%mrlom¾/m/lnw0f˜mÝ}/h‡tfigŒs%£{sWh­qs|Ç
$
m/f{mÝw0v d!e/f¯h­sWvw¨vw,glo°Ýlomp‡isWmv0f Ý}/f{m/if¹s%6w,elov¨j%2w!j|m<tf»vfifim¼ƒg0s%hów0e/f»ƒs ns Š lom/p
$
Ù
is%hkq_j|g0lovsWm
m<w0e/f¦hkfij%mJÇƾ/f o‹`w0e/fisWg#’W¶_w,ef¹vq/lom/sž‹_j w0fih­qf{g,j|w0}/g0f
( vfiq_j%g0j|w,f{v
w,ef<esWhks%pWfim/f{sW}/vxq/e/j%v0f`ƒg0s%huw,ef<s%m/f2ÇƋ/loh­fim/vlosWm/j ¨‹/f{m/v0lØw’ q/gs%¾ of w,e/f oj%h­f oj%g
$
q/e_j|v0f m‚w0e/f¼j%t/vfim/{f¼s%áj%m f2½žw0fig0m/j ¨¾_f o‹‚w,ef`sWg0lnfimCwªj|w0losWm³s%Rw,e/fÂq/g0s%¾ of~lnv‡v0f7Ç
$
Ù
of{{w0fi‹ zžl€j”vqs%mÝw,j%m/f{sW}/v`v’žh­hkf2w,g#’Otg0fj|°žlnm/p
m w0e/f _}/2w,}_j w,los%m w,e/f{sWg’%¶
(
is%g0g0f{v0qsWm/‹/v‡w0srj vfj rs%áj|q/qfij%g0lnm/prj%m‹‚‹/lov0j%q/qfj%glom/p _}/{w0}_j|w0losWm/v‡j%m/‹‚w,ef~sWg#Ç
$
‹/f{g0fi‹ q/e_j%vffih­figpWfivktݒ v#wªj%t/l olnÃilomp  ›G–xs%Œv0}ªe _}/2w,}_j|w0losWmv
v~j g0f{v0} Øw¶¨w0e/f
w,g0j%m/vlnw,lnsWm/vxtfi{sWhkf{v­w0e/f`¾_g0v#wÂs%g0‹/f{g ‹/fivq/lnw0f<w0e/fÈj%t/v0f{m/ifÈs%áw,e/f
w,f{g0h lom w0e/f
®
Ù$
j|hkl nw,s%m/l€j%m j%m‹¼w0e/f
dçw,f{hkqfig0j|w,}g0fŒlov!v}/q/q/gfivv0fi‹w0s­j ns Š f{gRz| j n}/f
®
®
$
f{g0f Š f v°%f{w0ªe`w,e/f̋/figlnz|j|w,lnsWm­s%w,ef hkj%lom­g0f{v0} Øw,v¨s| ²_g0fi‹g0loª°ÝvsWm¼j%m/‹ f ؁j%m/‹
"W" "%" $
}/g¨‹fig0lØz|j|w,lnsWm­ƒs os Š v£w,e/fÌlo‹/fij¹s%8 Ñ ¶  ²Álogvw8s% j ¶Cw,ef v0f{isWm‹JÇsWg‹/fig8zWfig#w,f7½
$€"W$
ƒ}/m/2w,lnsWmÂ'
ƒg0sWh\f
´ lnv4f7½Jq_j%m/‹/f{‹¼j%g0s%}/m/‹ÂlØw,v4hklnm/loh˜}/h\j|m/‹Âw,efimkw0e/f s%g0‹/f{g
®
q_j%g0j%h­f{w,f{gi¶Ýw,e/fRzWf{gw0f2½~ƒ}m/{w0losWm/v8j%m/‹kw,e/f j%h­l Øw,sWm/loj%m‡lØw,v0f nj%g0fÌg0fivj nfi‹Âw0s˜sWtJwªj%lnm
$o#"W$ " $‡
Ù
" $
f
vlom/{f
' (
(
Ñ vÌw,ef‡m/f2½žw vw,f{q Š f‡j ns Š ƒsWg _}/{w0}_j|w0losWm/vÌs%
w,ef¦s%g0‹/f{gáq/j%g, j%h­f{w0figRj%m‹ Š glnw0f
#"W$
¯(
!5
ÑW
Ù$
¶6j|m/‹
d!e/f 6filnt of{g cv ƒg0f{fxfim/f{g0p%’ƒ}m/{w0losWm_j Áv0q olnw0v»lomCw0s
Š e/f{g0f Â(
»(
w Š skq_j|gw,v
#"W$
  5
k А (
 1 
}/g¦pWsCj £lov¯w,s<sWtw,j%lom w,e/f끃g0f{fÂf{m/figp%’yƒ}/m/{w0losWm/j r  Š e/f{g0fÂj )w,ef _}{w,}/j|w,lnm/p
$
‹/f{pWg0f{fivRs%6ƒg0f{fi‹/s%hÿj%gf»lomCw,f{pWg,j w,fi‹`s%}w
f Š l vfif»w,e/j|wšw,elovšq/gsJ{fi‹/}g0f ofij%‹/v¨w0sëj
$
g0f{m/sWghÂj nloÃij|w,lnsWmÂs%^w,ef #t_j%g0f xzWfig#w,f7½Èƒ}m/{w0losWm/v
D ìD
qihr c c
\y ª`
)(
)¾
a
Lm
Žm c \y z \y
ݾ
 m
`
[8 ª
á
¨@ A
…
6
=^
=
]
ʋ
=
CB
ˆo
's
?
a‹a ‹
ED
a ‹ ʋ h‹
NR h‹
BF@
(
€
a ‹ŠF a ‹ I a ‹ a p‹ F ‹hI ‹
s
 )¾
” P O
)¾
P
8
)(
m
7
Ž`
m
`
B`
Ža
?
ìm
]
(
( `
TF I
87
.9
5?
a‹
&
À
3:
<:
;:
]
po
]
(
>=
ji ( &
s
=^
54
(
)
GD
Ô a
Ž@ A
Ô
A@
Ô
?
-
& <2
?
(
@
IH
?
( N`
]
])]
Œ
4ã
ø6A
M:N WN JUWQ D_I4QGFJI8Scb I4E[KÝb!L
(
R6f{w¦}/v¯m/s Š
Â
ol mCw0g0sž‹/}/if­j%m %j }ž½l oloj%g’<¾_f n‹
$€W" $
w,ef¦s%g0‹/f{gáq/j%g,j%h­f{w0fig!lnmÝw0sëf
?`
isW}q of{‹ w0s¼w0e/f _}/{w0}_j|w0losWmyq_j%g#w¯s%
])]
Ô ba_ Ôkba_/ ß Â ‹ ‹
k
Ô
m³w0e/f­q/g0f{v0fimif~s%¨w,e/fë¾_fn ‹ w0e/f~jz%fig,j|pWfkz|j
n}/fës%!j%m”j%g0tlnw,g0j%g’±ƒ}/m/{w0losWm/j
-
]%µ #"W$
J@
is%hkq/}Jw,fi‹<lom<jxvw,j%m/‹_j|g0‹ Š j’
„ ØF
æ £(
B KD
L MGN
„ Ø I 4G
Áæ  
ß
QPR@
O
SL M
@
TUNWV&X'Y[Z0\T ]<\
æ  £lnv
@
#"W$
]C· #"W$
]WŽ Š e/f{g0f¯w,e/f¯q_j%g#w,lØw,los%mƒ}/m/2w,los%m ólov!pWlØzWf{mÈtC’
O
ƒ„ Ø F
(
O
*„ Ø I 4G
ß
^L MGN
LM
T_NWV&X Y
1
Z0\0T ]<\
PR@
"
f e_jzWf‡ªesWv0f{m ä
¶j%m/‹
‹/fims%w,f{vŒj­ƒ}/m{w,lnsWm_j lnmÝw0fipWg0j|w,lnsWm<}/m/‹/f{g0vw0sJsž‹
Š ‡
"WÏ " $
lomrw0e/fëv0fimv0f­s%Œ µ  d!e/fëf ž}/j|w,lnsWm³s|¨v#wªj|w0f­lnvŒisWmvw,g}/{w0fi‹ Š lnw,erw0e/fëe/f nq s|8w0e/f
lo‹fimCw,lØw’
4
ð
X
Ê
PR@
Ø I 4G
‹„
Ù
#"W$
]
C Ê
d!e/f €j%v#wÂv#wªj|w0fih­fimCw~ij%m tf±q/gs:zWfim zžloj³lomCw0fipWg0j|w,lnsWmÀtݒOq_j%g#w,vkj%m/‹ vf nfi{w0lom/p #w,ef
$
tsW}/m/‹_j|g’ klnm`w,e/fŒƒ}/m/2w,lnsWm_j vq_j%{f¦lnm¼v0}/ªe±j Š j’`w,e_j wáw0e/f¯v0}/g#j%ifŒw0fig0h z%j|m/love/fiv
$€"W$
dTj%°Ýlom/pxw,ef¦‹fig0lØz|j|w,fŒlnm<f
W Š f¯sWtw,j%lom
ß

A
PR@
$@
;L M
]
 ‹¦(
m¼w,e/f6€j|hkf(€j|g8q/e/j%v0f
Ô
Ê
a`
Ê
@
T_NWV
X Y
Z \ T ]<\
(
 1 
•@
?
#"W$
‹
@
b
]W´ ‹¦( – ʋpG Ô á5 Ê ‹ŠG Ô C
#"W$ &
 ¦‹ (  ʮ‹ŠG Ô Ì5OÊ ‹pG Ô C
] ¿ lnvšj‡}/m/lØwšzWf{{w0sWg!qf{g0qfim/‹loi} € j%g4w,s‡w,ef€j%h­f€j%f|¶Ýj%m/‹~w,efŒfÝ}_j|w0losWm`s% v#wªj|w0f
?
e f{g0f
Š /
lov!gfi‹/}ifi‹<w,s
Sc d
;c^d
;c^d
Sced
"
#"W$ Ù
 ( m 5

µ 5
ß
–
Ô
Í
Ñ
Ñ
–
–
®
$ $
$
f{g0f Š f˜j%vv0}/h­fi‹¼w,e/j|wáj
(w,e/f¯e/lnpWe/fig!{sWg0gfoj|w,lnsWm/vš‹/f{isW}qof f p ¶ Ú
d!e/f!fÝ}_j w,los%m˜ƒsWgTw0e/fšv#w,g0}{w,}g0fšj%2w,sWg
 £( ‹ ‹ lovTsWtwªj|lom/f{‹˜ƒg0sWh…Í j%m/s|w,e/f{g
"W"
$€"W$
Í
lo‹fimCw,lØw’y ]|6vloh­l(oj%g8w0s­f
W]  Ù
#"W$ "
Ê
Ø I 4G
µ ß
‹
„
(
Ê ‹
7
7
-
BF@
fBF@
;L M
QPR@
@
$@
T_NWV&X Y
Z\0T^]<\
@
ED
D
øÛÍ
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
j%m/‹<g0fij%‹/v
{

m
)(
ݾ
5
ä ä 5
7
Í
m¼w,fighkv!s|Tw0e/f¯g0fimsWg0hkj olnÃif{‹~w,fih­qfig,j w,}/gf
g
m
(
5
–
7
w,efiv0f¦f Ý}_j w,los%m/vRj%m¼tf Š glnww,fim
Â
{

5
(
Â
j%m/‹¼w,ef¹j|hkq nlnw0}/‹/f
–
–
4(
Í
d!e/f¯g0f Ý}/logfi‹Èw0e/fighksž‹’žm_j%h­lo q s%w0fimCw,loj
7
(
Ñ
{
Í
Ñ
g
Í
(
#"W$
#"W$
1
– )¾
ä ä 7
µ ÑW
Ý]
µ #"W$
µWµ lnv!sWtw,j%lom/f{‹`ƒg0sWh
H
{
#"W$
1
is%– m/‹/lnw0losWm Â
ƒg0sWhów,e/f¯q/eC’žv0lnj
"
g
hH
"
hg
ß
Ñ
Ñ
g
ß
Ñ
Ù
(
#"W$
g
µÝ· µCŽ –
©Tf{gƒsWghklnm/p`lomCw0fipWg0j|w,lnsWmlomrw0e/fxfÝ}_j|w0losWmrƒsWg vfif q/qfim‹/lؽ ² Š f­j%gg0lnz%fëj|w»w0e/f
¾_m_j&6
fÝ }_j|w0losWm`ƒsWgšw0e/fŒƒg0fif¯f{m/figp%’
5 ¾
#"W$
µÝ ( 5 É ;Ö Ö ¾>
Ñ
o
/
Š e/f{g0fYÉ ( ä ¾ µ ^ ¶_j%m/‹
É
( m 5 Ö
#"W$
¾ ( m 5 ÖÉ ¾
µC´ d!e/f»ƒgfifŒfimfig0p|’ ÿlnvšlom~j%2wáj‡‹/l
8 figfim/{fŒtf2w Š f{fim<w,e/f»ƒgfifŒfimfig0$ p%lofiv!s|^w0e/fŒsWg‹/figfi‹
j%m/‹¼‹/lnv0sWg‹/figfi‹<vw,j|w,f{vÌj w!w,e/f¯v,j|hkf»w0e/fighksž‹’žm_j%h­lo»{sWm/‹/lØw,lnsWm/v d!e/f¹gfim/s%g0hkj
o lnÃifi‹
$
=^ dOlnv*o sžj|w0fi‹xtC’xvs)n zžlomp
w,f{hkqfig0j|w,}g0f!s%Ðw,efá‹lov0s%g0‹/f{g0fi‹ëv#wªj|w0fálnv[‹/f{m/s%w,f{‹ ¾ d!e/f
Ù
$
ƒsWgm d!e/lovRpWlØzWfiv
(
#"W$ &
m ( Ñ À Ù ] Ù ´ É Æ
µ sWg!l؁ Š f¯g0fiv#w,sWgfŒw,e/f¯sWglopWlnm_j
G
}m/lnw0v¦cŽW´ 
":Ù &
" Ù
#"W$ Ù
· Ò±
y Ù Ú ( À µ · 5 µ À ÑWÑ
y Æ
m_j&n ’žv0lnv!s%Áw0e/f¯sWtwªj|lom/f{‹<fÝ }_j|w,lnsWm/v!ve/s Š v v0f2zWf{g,j
loh­qsWgw,j%mCw!qs%lomCw,v $
7
g
g
H
g
g
g
7
g
7
g
g
7
g
iH
g
H
7
hj
Œ
4ã
øÛø
M:N WN JUWQ D_I4QGFJI8Scb I4E[KÝb!L
(
25
χN
20
LAM
HEX
15
n
10
0.3
²ÁlnpW}/g0f
"W$n"%"
BCC
k
0.35
0.4
m
f
Ê
0.5
)
¸ ² o}{w,}/j|w,lnsWm»q/e_j|v0f£‹/l€j|pWg,j%h܁ƒsWg‹lot nsJª°ÌisWqs n’žh­figh­f Øw Š lØw,e
Ê
"W$
l
0.45
s
² n}/{w0}_j|w0losWm/v£v}/q/q/gfiv0všw0e/f h­fj|mJÇƾ_f o‹kig0lØw,lnj _qsWlomCw
$
j‡¾_gvwÇÆsWg0‹fig!w,g0j%m/v0lØw,lnsWm
=^
Žm
*
po
"
(
y
(
¹
":Ù $
Ñ j%m/‹~pWlØzWfÌg0lovfáw0s
$
$€"W$ &
d e/f
!
dOw0fih­qf{g,j|w0}/g0f f
µ 0 lov ns Š figfi‹klom­isWh­q_j%glov0s%m Š lØw,eëw,e/fáh­fj%mJÇ
Ù
¾_f o‹ z|j n}/f
( $ j|v`j 0g fiv} nw~s%¯w,e/f oj%g0pWf±j%h­q olØw,}/‹/f _}/2w,}_j|w0losWmv`lom w0e/f
‹/lnv0sWg‹/figfi‹<vw,j|w,f
]$
d e/f4j%tv0s n}w,f nloh­lnws%v#wªj%tl olØw’ w,e/f)vq/lomsJ‹_j ƒsWg !
!
j ‹/lnv0sWg‹/figfi‹¦q/e_j%vf£lov6v0eln@w,f{‹
"Ù &
ƒgsWh w,efkh­fj%mžÇƾ_f o‹rz|j o}/f Ò ± (
µ ·Â,w s 1 Ò
j%v¯j%m³tf­v0f{fim
$o#"%$
$
ƒgsWh f
µC´ Ñ
) *
(
y z
À
&
Mm \y
9`
-
o
î¡ moln°%f~w,efÈh­fj%mžÇƾ_fo‹Àq/g0f{‹/lo2w,lnsWm/vi¶£w,efÈqfj%°³z%j&o}/f¼s%áw,e/f<vw0g0}/2w,}/gf<j|{w,s%g
‹/sžfivRm/s%wá‹/lØzWf{g0pWf¦j|w!w0e/fŒw,g,j|m/v0lØw,los%m`v0lomif g0f{hÂj|lom/vš¾_mlnw,f $
ä)¾ )(
Í
$
‹/f{qf{m/‹/vRm/sWmn lom/fij%gØ ’­sWm
ä)¾ £(
· d!e/fŒqfj|°Âz|j
o }/f s% w,e/fŒv#w,g0}{w,}g0fŒj%{w0sWg
$€"W$
ä)¾ c
$
m€c
v0f{f¦f
µW´ 0 ¶ Š e/l(n fŒlom`w,e/f¯h­Í fj%mžÇƾ_fo ‹~w,efisWg#’
Í
$
Ž d!e/fxh­fj|mJÇƾ_fo ‹<w,e/f{sWg’±tf{isWh­fiv»f7½j%{w¯lnm±w,e/f'n loh­lnw y
j%v j%mrtfxv0f{fim
$o#"W$ Ù $*
=^ d w,fih­qfig#Ç
ƒgsWh f
· mÂw,e/lnvEnloh­lnw[w0e/f²`/}/{w0}_j|w,lnsWmÂ{sWg0gfi2w,los%mkw,s¦w,e/f
Ù
$
j|w0}/g0fŒz|j%m/lnv0e/f{váj%m/‹`w,e/f¯h­fj%mžÇƾ_fo ‹`z|j
o }/fìm (
lnv!g0fiv#w,sWgfi‹
d!e/f{v0fŒz|j%g0lnsW}/vš{sWm/v0fÝ }/fim/{fivÌs% w,e/fì_
` }{w,}/j|w,lnsWm~w,e/f{sWg’ Š f{g0f¯is%m¾_g0h­fi‹`=f7½J^ qf{g0loh­fimžÇ
":Ù%& "%":Ù
wªj&(n ’¼
¶
¶‹/f{hks%m/vw0g,j|w0lom/p¦w,e_j|wšj|wn fj%v#wšlnm`j˜v0hkj
/
zJlnilnm/lnw’­s%w0e/f $ d tn sJª°
is%qs)Ø ’žhkf{gšhkfn w0v!f2½Je/lotlnw!w,ef6/
` }/{w0}_j|w,lnsWm_j
¶m/s|wáw0e/f¯hkfij%mJǾ_fn ‹`tf{e_jzJlnsW}/g
µ
$
g
g
g
54
-
54
o
ø/B
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
(
Ÿs
ˆo
)
[
"
$
d e/f ‹fiv0{g0lntf{‹Âw,e/f{sWg’ëij%mÂtfáfj%vl n’‡pWfim/f{g,j nloÃ{fi‹kƒs%g (
!
Ñ ÉŽW´| Á½j%h­lom_j|w0losWm
s%šw0e/fÂv#wªj%tl olØw’s%¨z%j|g0los%}/v¹h­sWgq/e/s nsWpWlof{vŒs%šw0e/f‹/lnt osžª°ris%qs ؒžhkf{g¦h­f Øw ofj|‹/v¦w0s
$n"%$n"W"%$
w,ef _}/2w,}_j w,los%m‚q/e_j%vf~‹/loj%pWg,j|h v0e/s Š m lnm‚²Álnp
d!efig0f~j%g0fkm/shkj sWg¦ªe_j%m/pWf{v
$n"%$ $¨®
lom<is%hkq_j|g0lovsWm Š lnw,eȲÁlnp Ñ
s Š f{zWf{gi¶lnwálov!w,ef˜}/m/‹fig ؒžlom/p­q/eC’žv0lo{vÌw0e_j|w̋/l figvÌlnm
$
w,efiv0fÌj%vfiv d!e/f _}{w,}/j|w,lnsWmkqlo{w0}/g0f Š l _tfá{g0}/{l€j Ðlnm­s%}/g8}m/‹/figvw,j%m/‹/lnm/p˜s%Gq/e_j%vf
$
w,g0j%m/vlnw,lnsWm/vš}m/‹/figáv0efj%g _s Š
`
(
)
²`
`
(
qp
p3
O
8
w£S M:N F4NMw£S F\TL/F4ZxZ»FJI8SDÂI8KžD6E[ScP!QÁK
øÛ
U”
U ýŒúWrø î­ï
øiòYX)ò>Z Z ò¹÷)øiõ ÷ÁýŒõ¨ürúrø `öý
- f4{sWm/vlo‹/f{gTjRqs)n ’žh­figh­s)o f{i}n f)isWmv0lov#w,lnm/pRs% 5 tosžª°Ýv s%w’žqf¨¥ j%m‹Y5 tnsJª°Ýv s%
$
w’žqf¯í d!e/fáw,s%w,j
Ð
mž}h‡tf{g8s|6hks%m/sWh­fig0v£lnm­w0" e/f Îh­s)o f{i}n f!lo$ v y $Ê- f ve_j
_Ï }/v0f»º¯gfifi°
of2w0w0fig0v»w0s`mÝ}/h‡tfig»$\w,e- fxto sžª°Ývi¸ìÉ 1 £1 Û 1 Êë( ÀhÀhÀ 5 5 5 d!e/f?nfim/p%w0ers%£w,e/f?É6ÇÆw0e
tn sJª°¯lov Æ ( s Æ y
fš}v0f!v0s
o lo‹Yo lnm/fiv w,s»‹fim/s%w0f!tÎ o sžª°Ýv[Ï j%m‹x‹_j%v0efi‹'o lnm/fiv^w,s»‹fim/s%w0f
$
$j%gt/lnw0g,j%g#’x‹/lov#wªj%mifRtf2w Š f{fim`tn sJª°Ýv d!e/fÌ{logo f{v£‹/fim/s|w,fÌw0e/fî€ j%tfn fi‹ëhks%m/sWh­fig0v
f
$
}/vf 1 1 ÀhÀÀ ƒsWg¹w0e/f~qsWv0lØw,lnsWm/v˜s|!w,e/fto j%tfo v¹sWm”w0e/filng‡to sžª°Ýv ‹l€j%pWg0j%h Š lnw0e
5 € j|tfo v Š l$ ( tfyj
o f{‹ w,e/f5 Çw,eÜsWg‹/fig`‹/loj%pWg0j%h $ d!e/ f€ j%tfn v`j%2w<j%v±¤:ŠJû ©…ª£ $ –ª¤Âs%
1 1 Õ ÀhÀhÀ gfiv0qfi2w,lØzWfØ ’ d!e/f
h­sWhkf{mCw,}/h ilogn fOo j%tfo f{‹ Š lnw0e 1 Ó 1 ÊÀÀhÀ fih­lnw,v
w,s|wªj
Ý h­sWhkf{mCw,}/h s%_j%mC’¹‹l€j%pWg0j%hìve/–sW}n ‹˜tf¨Ãif{g0s/¶|w,e/f{g0f{ƒs%g0fšj&(C f2½žw0fig0m/j
4n lom/f{vTve/sW}n ‹
$
j|g0g’³Ãif{g0srh­sWh­fimCw,}/h
f`j
n v0slnmCw,g0sž‹/}/{f`j±{sWmCzWfimCw0losWm Š eloªe ‹/sžfiv‡ms%wëj&
8 fi2w
$
sW}/gŒgfiv}n w0v w,e_j w¦j
(T
hksWh­fimCw,j€_` s Š ƒg0s%h0o f2@w»w,s¼glopWeCw¯j
n sWm/p~w0e/fëªe_j%lom d!e/lov¯ij%m
tf¦l(n }/vw0g,j|w0fi‹~tC’`w,ef¯ƒs
(o s Š lnm/p/¸
F£HGHK
r
s
s
ut
v
xw
"!
>y
y
y
h{
h|
0z
Î
}
Þc ˆ Ä
}
)
Å
{ 
F~

0€
( (
z
ÞÉ ˆ Ä
ÞÉ ˆ Ä

&( 8
w0sWqs osWp%loj n’‡‹/l figfimCwá‹/l€j%p%g,j%h­vi¸
]¸
µ/¸
Î
}
pWlnz%fim<mž}h‡tf{gRs%Át osžª°žvRij%m`ƒsWg0h
Ñ ¸
5
z
Ô
{ 
F~
t`
ihr
{f ifivv,j%gl ؒW¶Tj )h­sWh­fimCwªj _s Š lompÈlnm³j|m/‹³s%}w¦s%šfij%ªe”t/g0j%m/ªe/lnm/p±qsWlnmÝw¯ve/sW} n‹
$
j%‹/‹<}/q¼w,sëÃif{g0s
²_s ns Š lnm/p`ÉŽC  Š f¦j%vv0}/h­f»w,e/j|wáj Š jz%f2ÇÆz%fi2w,sWgvÌe_jz%f¦w0e/fŒv,j%h­f nfim/p%w0e ê ê (
j%m/‹<lomCw0g0sž‹/}/if»w0e/fŒƒs ns Š lom/pxj|m/p of»z|j%gl€j%t ofiv{¸
)(
(
)(
)
ƒs%gšw,e/fO%] g‹ÈsWg‹/figR‹/loj%pWg0j%hkv{¸
ì
irÂ
ƒs%gšw,e/f¯µ%w0eÈsWg‹/figR‹/loj%pWg0j%hkv{¸
( † ‰
5 {Ó (
Š e/f{g0f
Â
Â
µ
†Ú ‰ (
Â
Â
µ¯ ‚ƒ
ƒ„
ƒ
Â
Â
Â
Â
Â
µ¦ µ
µ¯ Â
Â
µ
Â
1
ÃÂ
#" "
1 1 † ‰ (
چ ‰ ÉÓ
irÂ
Â
Â
Â
Â
µ¯ µ
Â
Â
…;†
†
†
‡
øÛ:
Â
Â
M
p
Â
Â
Ú
† Ú ‰ j|m/‹
q g0s%qf{gw,lnfiv{¸ Ɇ Ó ‰ (
Š s ol h­qsWg#wªj%mCwkv’žh­hkf2w,g’ /
#
Ó
$
ä ( å !
d e/fivfrq/g0sWqfig#w,lnfiv Š l Rtff2½žw,f{m/v0lØzWf n’ } v0fi‹Ülnm
d!e/frhkj|w,glؽ † Ú ‰ e_j%v~w
†Ú ‰
† Ú ‰ ƒsWg â
(
( ã (
ÉÓ
Ô,Þ $
qqf{m/‹/lؽ
²_sWgRj%mC’`lomCw0fig0m/j olnm/f Š
Â
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
p
(
Ü
p
f¹v}/t/v0{g0lntfŒw,ef˜º¯j%}/vv0loj%m¼q/g0sWq/j%pCj|w0sWgi¸
Þ ¶
å £(
( »
$
lnvšw,e/f¦g,j%‹lo}/vRs%Tp%’žg,j|w0losWm<s%Áj%m<lo‹/fij 6ªe_j%lnmÈs%
hksWmsWhkf{g0v d!ef˜q/gsJ‹JÇ
Š e/f{g0f
}/2wks|Ìw0e/f¼q/g0sWq/j%pCj|w0sWg0vxlnvxlomCw,f{pWg,j|w0fi‹Às:zWf{gÂj ¨qsWv0vlot nf`qs%v0lnw0losWmv‡s% j oj%tf ov˜sWm
$
w,efilog­t nsJª°Ýv d!e/fgfiv0} nw~ve/sW} n‹ tfÈw,efim h‡} Øw,lnq olnfi‹ Š lnw0e w,ef±v’žh­hkf2w,g#’ j|{w,s%g
j%glov0lnm/p¼ƒg0sWh+j 4qsWvv0lot ofÂqfigh‡}w,j|w,lnsWm/v¦s% €j%tf nv¦w0e_j|w˜g0fiv} nw˜lom w,sWqs os%pWloij ؒÈw0e/f
$
v,j|hkf¯‹/loj%pWg,j|h j%m‹È°|fifiq €j%tf nv!sWm`w,e/f¦t nsJª°Ýv!w,e/f2’`lomlnw,loj ؒësJ{i}/qlofi‹ ²Tlom_j n’%¶žw0e/f
"
$
m/sWghÂj oloÃij|w,lnsWmÂ{sWm/v#wªj%mCw
lnvRj%‹/‹/f{‹
d!e/f¯ƒs ns Š lnm/p˜ƒ}/m{w,lnsWm/v Š l j|q/qfij%gáj%v!w,e/f¯t/}l o‹lom/p‡t osžª°žv!ƒsWgRj G‹l€j%pWg0j%h­vi¸
"
Å
TÅ (
?
ÁÅ
ê ÁÅ ê
Å (
*
"
"
Å
Å
"
Å
Å
ÝÅ (
ê
ê
" *
" ?
Å
5
"
Å "
?
"
Å
5
Å (
ê
ê
5
*
Ñ
"
"
Å
Å
Å Ñ Ñ
5
1 (
ê
"
" 5
" Ú *
5
5
Å
Å
Å
ê
5OÑ
5
5
Ñ
?
Å
¯
5
Ñ
5
Ñ
"
"
Å
Ñ
Å
Å
1 (
ê
"
" "
*
Å
"
Å
Å
ê
Ñ
?
Å
Å
Ñ
5
5
Ñ
Ï Ð
&
Ô
Â
ƒ„
ˆ
)(
Ô
Á„ Ì
Á irÏ Ð
y
(
(
‹
Š‰
p o y (
( ) (
&(
/Ô /s
Á
Â
Á  „ Ì Â„ ÂÌ
„ Ì ls „ Ì
s Á .„ Ì
Á
Á
Â
s
s
Á
.
„
Â
/s .„ Ì
Á
 Ì
Á
Á
 l]
Â
s
s
„ Ì
s ÃÂ
Á
.
„
Œ
„
ÂÁ
ÌÂ
Ì Â
 Â
Â
s
Á
Á ] ]
s
s
„
„
„ Ì
Ì
Ì
Á
s
] s Á ] s Á Q„ Ì
Á
Â
s
„
Ã
Â
s
Á Â Â Â Ì
 Á „ Ì Â „ Ì
s
Á
„ Ì ls „ Ì
„ Ì
Á
Á
„ Ì s „ Ì s
Gƒ}/m/2w,lnsWm/v!s%^w,e/f¦j%mp)o f»z|j%gl€j%tn f  j%gfŒ‹/f{¾/m/fi‹Èlom`w,e/fŒƒs)os Š lomp Š j’¸
ÀhÀhÀ  £(   ( Ù 1 " ê  ( " ê  ( Ù 
D sWh­f)s%žw,e/f{v0f)ƒ}/m/2w,lnsWm/v Š f{g0f£q/gf{zžlosW}vn ’»‹/f{¾_mfi‹˜lnm­cŽWJ¶‘%Ž¶ "W"  $D fiq_j%g0j|w,f£fofih­fimCw0v
& Ñ"%" "W" "W" $
s%^w,e/f¯‹/loj%pWg0j%hkhkj|w0loRw,fiªem/l(Ý }/f¦q/g0f{v0f{mÝw0fi‹ Š figf¹}v0fi‹<lom³ ] ¶ ·J¶ Ž¶ ‘
H
Â
Z
Z
Œ
Z
P
Z
4
Z
4
p
w£S M:NYX N~D/F4U D6QÁUiFI4Scb bw£S FôÁLF8ZŒ]
U”
U ýŒúWrø î­ï
ñóò‡ôõáörôiò¦÷)øiù­ú
F£HGHK
s
øàx
r
ut
Í
hŽ
F
ß
z

z z

y

"
y Å È
È
5ŒyŽÄ ( y ÔTÅ ÔÁÅ „ Ì
(çÑ
y
{
–
“
‘
5

š
>P
–
È z
’”“
È z
’”“
–
5
ˆ šUy
£
‘

‘
ˆ›š_yœžy
˜
 
5
¢q
y
‘
y
˜
 
ß
y
™˜
z
F
5
8
È
Èz z z
ÓÔá(
È z z
ÓR(
y" ¾ È Ë ¾ Ë
y ß¾ Ë ß¾ Ë
(
•Ÿ•—–
Ž
Ñ
(
•—–
¡
•W YXN£ò>Z
ùëû røiò
"

¤
Õ z
Õz
F z
’”“
 
‘
I È z
’”“

|

{

¤
 

È z
5
(

È
"
•—–
z
|;¦
y
˜
¥
Z
‘
y
:
:
Z
–
šUy
š
‘
{
ˆ
{
– H
“
š_y
¥
y
™˜
|
:
y
“
ª
Kœžy
Kœžy
Œ
{
š
¥
y$–
–
{
–
H
œqy
¥
y$–
¨
{
š
š
–^H
{
š
œ
–^H
‘
|
–
š
¤
–
š_y
¥
¥
¥
¥
–
:
ª
¨
“
–
FV.Z
¥
š_y
Z
š
¤
¥
– H
¥
š
‘
i§
š
{
–
V.Z
‘
¥
y
¤
y
œžy
š
¥
–
Ǥ
:
–
¥
¤
¬
œžy
{ ¥
–
Œ
Z
¥
™˜
¥
¬
©˜
š
š_y
–
ˆ
œžy
¥
y
š_y
y
–
¨
{
¥
š
‘
‘
H
šUy
H
©˜
>¨
>¨
š_yœqy
š
‘
y
™˜
{
ˆ

y
|
“
ª
™˜
(
y
–
©˜
ˆ
•+­®–

|
¥
y
¨
š
ˆ
(

‘
h§
™˜
•Ÿ•Ÿ•—–
’“
F
y
¨
(
z
I z
:
‚
; † ‰
5  Ն ‰
>
ß ¾
ß ¾
ß ¾
Õ
Ë Ë
Ë
y — — —
"
 Ñ í ¥s 1à5 í ¥s 1 
ì
(
Ñ
y
Æ
Æ
"
È
z
5  † ‰ ù
5ŒyŽÄ 5
ß ¾
ß ¾
ß ¾
Õ ;  Ն ‰
Ë
ˆ‰ Ë
y
;Â
> Ö
5
5  † ‰ ù
5ŒyŽÄ 5
š
ˆ™ Å È Â † ‰ Õ ÝÅ Â 5 ÝÅ Â † ‰ Ö
( y „
"
È Ì
y ß¾ Ë ß¾ Ë ß¾ Ë
;  Ն ‰
5ŒyŽÄ 5
5  † ‰ ù
5ŒyŽÄ 5
>
š
š
š
Å h™
( " y Ä È Ì
„ Ì † ˆ™ F h™ I ‰ »Å È Â † ‰ »Å  † ‰  Ն ‰ »Å  Ն ‰
y ß¾ Ë ß¾ Ë ß¾ Ë
† ‰
;  † ‰ 5.yÄ
5 Â
5.yÄ
5  Ն ‰
5.yÄ >
š
š
š
È
† ‰ Š Ն ‰
( y »Å  † ‰ Å Â
„ Ì † h™ F h™ I h™ ‰
{x¦
>¨
•Ÿ•—–
F
’”“
{
’“
:
¯
“
eV.Z ¥
:
¬
–
“
:
¥
y$–
>
øÛ¢
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
¡
Ž
Èz z z z
°   F  F
Ó#Ô,Þ_(
z zz
F   F  F
5
ŠŠ
5
z

¤
È z
’”“
{
±±
‘
F z
’”“
  
|
{
F 
Èz z
’”“
F
|°²³{
£
8


‘
‘
I Èz z
’”“
 
z z
F  
5

q
¤
z


5
¤

z
|
F z z
’“
  
 
z

´
È
5
´

  
’“
F z
¤
I
’”“
 

‘
z
F

(
•+–
’”“
|
(
y
¥
4
¨
œAy
§
š
§
–
z
|
F 
š_y
%
z

F

‘
y
h§
ˆ
È
  
°
y

{
{
z
z
‚
ß
ß
ß
y -— g— ¾ Ë ¾ Ë ¾ Ë
Ú
;
5  -† g ‰
Ú
Ú
1à† - ‰
´ y ‚
¥
s
Æ
—
y
|

z
È
˜
‘
È z
:
¤
¦
I
’“

’”“

Ú
z
:
’”“±µ
‘
Ñ
  
’”“¸·
I
’”“
:

F
’”“
5
’”“
|
z
´
’”“¶µ
F
’”“
°
z



° 
’”“
{
I z
’”“
° 

¤
{
z
F z
’”“
F  

È z
5
{
q
‘
5
I È z
’”“

z
œAy
% –
ß
z
¾ Ë
5
° 
y
yœžy
>
:
w£S
F£HGHK
Ñ
y
(
•Ÿ•+–
b w£S FôÁLF8ZŒ]
øÛ¸
È
Ú
z
z
‚- — PG - — ß ¾ Ë ß ¾ Ë ß ¾ Ë ß ¾ Ë
Ú
ù 5.yŽÄì5 >
;
5  †-‰
5
Ú
Ú
È
„ Ì ÔÁÅ - — ‚ PG - — ¥sˆù 1à† - ‰
È z
z
ß ¾
ß ¾
ß ¾
ß ¾
Ë Ë † Ú ‰Ë
Ë
Â
ù
;
>
5
5ŒyŽÄ 5
5
Ú
Ú
„ È Ì CÅ È Â † ‰ ÝÅ Â † ‰
z
ß ¾
Ë ß ¾ Ë ß ¾ Ë ß ¾ †Ú ‰Ë
ù
;
>
5.yÄ 5
5 Â
5.yÄ 5
5
Ú
Ú
š
"
Å
„ Ú Ì † F h™ È I ‰ ÔTÅ „ Ì Å Â † ‰ ÝÅ È Â † ‰
z
‚
- — PG — G ß ¾ Ë ß ¾ Ë ß ¾ Ú Ë ß ¾ Ë
ù 5.yÄ 5 >
;
5.yÄ 5
5  †-‰
5
Ú
Å
Ú
"
F
I
È
†
‰
Ô
Á
Å
Ô
Á
Å
„ Ì
„ Ì - — P‚ G - — G Å Â † - ‰
È
z
ß ¾
ß ¾
ß ¾
ß ¾
Ë
Ë
Ë
Ë †Ú ‰
; 5.yÄ 5
5ŒyŽÄ 5 Â
yÄ 5 5
>
Ú
š
„ È Ì † F I ™ ‰ ÔÁÅ È ÔÁÅ ÝÅ Â † ‰
ß ¾
Ë ß ¾ Ë ß ¾ † Ú Ë‰ ß ¾ Ë
ù 5ŒyŽÄ 5 >
5.yÄ 5
5 Â
5.yŽÄ 5
5
Ú
Ú
š
"
"
Å Å
„ Ì È † F ™ I ‰ ÔTÅ È Å Â † ‰ „ Ì † ‰ Å Â † ‰ QÁÔ Å
ß ¾
Ë ß¾ Ë ß¾ Ë ß¾ Ë
†Ú ‰
; 5.yÄ Ú 5
5ŒyŽÄ 5
5.yÄ ^5
5 Â
5ŒŽ
y Ä >
Ú
š
"
Å
‰ ÔÁÅ È ÔÁÅ „
„ Ì È† F ™ I
Ì »Å  † ‰ %ÔTÅ
ß ¾
Ë ß ¾ Ë ß ¾ Ë ß ¾ Ë †Ú ‰
; 5.yÄ Ú 5
5ŒyŽÄ 5  yŽÄ º 5
5.yÄ 5
5ŒŽ
y Ä >
š
h™ ‰
ÔÁÅ È ÔÁÅ ÔTÅ ÔÁÅ „ Ì † F I
M:NYX N~D/F4U D6QÁUiFI4Scb
r
¦
{
Ñ
“
–
y
š
¹œžy
–0Œ
{;|
š
‘
y
y
“
y
–
yŠœžy
–
¦
{
|
y
˜
{;|
y
š
i§
¹œžy
µ
UV.Z
¤
y
˜
ª ¯
“
H
‘
¤
™˜
œ
–0Œ

‘
y
{;|
š
y
¨
{ |
S
š
–
yœžy
–
y
™˜
¤
y
y
™˜
h§
y
“
{
y
i§
šUy
“
FV
‘
œžy
¦
¤
–
œAy
y
¨
y
&y
y"
;
y
{
š
P
œ
–
‘
“
y
¥
ˆ
y
{S|
“
:
µ
“
ª ¯
œžy
–
œAy
%
¥
y
–
œ
–
y
‘
V
¥
H
¤
š
©˜
y
eV
–
´
“
¥
:eV
¥
{S|
{S|
š
œqy
–
¨
J¼
œ
–
{S|
“
œ
´
y
UV
{;|
š
¤
´
y
y
Ǥ
‘
™˜
H
¤
y
˜
µ
¤
œqy
¤
´
y
“
: V
y
´
y
{;|
y
“
y
R˜
–
¨
š
˜
“
¥
š
H
V
‘
¤
y
˜
y
‘
{;|
š
¤
y
˜
y
y
‘
y
©˜
š
¤
´
y
˜
^V
ª ¯
y
V.Z
Œ
¤
‘
“
:
J¼
µ
y
y"
{S|
y
‘
y
Ǥ
FV.Z
“
ª ¯
‘
y
¨
µ
eV.Z
y
˜
y
˜
˜
ˆ
“
y
“
y
(
UV
¥
(
Ǥ
˜
ˆ
(
y
¥
y
|
F 
¤
y
˜
“
Ñ"
(
‘
y
˜
ˆ
(
{
h§
¥
Ñ
(
(
‘
¥
y
(
y
(
•¾½¿–
œžy
 
y
˜
{;|
š
y
ˆ
­»•Ÿ•Ÿ•+–
Œ
˜
y
­•Ÿ•+–
–
š
{;|
œžy
ˆ
(
­»•+–
‘
Ñ
­º–
y
Z
&" y
(
y
¨
y
¥
y
œžy
{
‘
y
ˆ
y
4
{
h§
˜
(
š_y
¥
µ
•—­º–
{
œžy
¦
µ
y
(
° 
y
&y
(
y
“
Ñ
•Ÿ•Ÿ•+–
y
˜
h§
ˆ
(
F
‘
y
˜
“±µ V.Z
µ
ª ¯
y
¨
“¸·
Ǥ
dÎ
B
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
Γ2
1
2
3
q
q
*
q
1
q
2
^ lot o sžª°‚isWqs)ؒJh­figkvw0g0}/2w,}/gf±j%{w0sWgi¸ "
Ò\y
Ò\y z ¶ Ñ Ò\y (
\y z Û] Ò\y } Ò\y z
UU”ýŒúWrø î­ï2ñ
ú
÷[üý ¹ò˜ôøhr
W ø{÷~é ù­û ÷[üý ÁýŒõRùkúW
üòVZ ù­úrøõ òVUU)
ù ÈøhZ ò¹÷[øiù­ú
m D f{{w0losWm "%$ ] Š f»‹/lnv0{}/v0vfi‹~w,ef ƒs)(n s Š lom/p¯iglnw0fig0lnsWmkƒs%g¨j˜h­sž‹/fáw0s‡tf g0fof2z%j|mÝw¨m/fj|g
w,ef¦vq/lomsJ‹_j&
«¬ i
"®­¯ ° "
ihr i lnv˜w,ef Š jz%f2ÇÆz%fi2w,sWg­s%!w,ef`hksž‹/fÂlnmÝ}/fiv#w,los%m¶£j%m/‹ ihr lnv˜w,ef Š jz%f2ÇÆz%fi2w,sWg
Š e/f{g0f
$¯®
s%)w0e/f‡¾_g0v#wŒ}/m/v#wªj%t o f‡h­sJ‹f
f{g0f Š fxv0e/s Š w,e_j w»w,e/f{g0fxlnv»j~g,j|m/pWf‡s%)w0fih­qf{g,j|w0}/g0f{v
$
tfo s Š w,e/f¯vq/lom/sž‹_j
Š e/figf¦w0e/lov!{g0lnw0figlosWm¼e/s)n ‹/v
d!e/f q/g0sWt/j%t/l(n lnw’Os%¹f2½JilØw,lompOjÀh­sJ‹/f a Âlnm w,e/fy‹/lnv0sWg‹/figfi‹Ëqe_j%v0fylnv<p%lnzWf{m
$ "W$Ø" $
i 7¸¦l؁
tC’yf
d!e/f­‹’žm_j%h­lo{v¦s|8w0e/fkh­sž‹/fxlov¯‹/f2w,fighklnm/fi‹ tC’rw,e/f­v0lnpWm s%š'
Ñ
i Ù ¶|w,e/f!h­sJ‹f Š l(ž ‹lov0vloq_j w,f Š lØw,eëj w’žq/loij
n lnƒf7ÇÆw,lnhkfEì
i ln' i Ù ¶
'
c
'
é
$
w,efÈh­} sJ‹f¼j%q/qfj%gv­w0s³tf¼}/m/vw,j%tn f d!efÈvq/lom/sž‹_j
!
lnv?o sžj|w0fi‹ j|w­v0}/ªe jyz|j
n }/f`s%
ihr Ù ƒsWg¯w,e/fë¾_g0v#w¹w0loh­f $ 8 fo s Š w0e/f­v0q/lnm/sJ‹/j
) w,e/f Š e/s)n f
Ò\y ( Ò\y z w0e_j|w˜'
(i i
$ D
$n"%$n" $
1 šlov!}/m/v#wªj%t o f
g,j|m/pWfŒs%Tw,e/f Š j:z%f2ÇzWfi2w,sWgv
fif¹²Álnp
Ñ
i
"%"
²_sWgšw,e/f¯‹/lnto sžª°Â{sWqs)n ’žh­figšh­fØ wR'
¨j%m<tf¦j%qq/g0s½Jlohkj|w,f{‹`tC’³c´Cž¶ÐWJ¶ ´|
i iæ è i
'
"W$Ø"
²ÁlnpW}/g0f
¶
Ò
š
–
Ñ ¸
–
¾–
š
s
=
š
–
–
–
ut
À
Á
¹t
EÂ
¨
¨
œ
”šUø–
š
š
–
š
–
š
¨
š
¨
–
š
¨
–
Rš
–
§
š
¨
š
–
–
¨
š
¨
–
5
(
¨
¨
Ò
œaÅ
–
§
¨
š
¨
–
–Ä=
w£S
F£HGHK
r
wæä#EF£L6Z¯bÁSD`F£HGHLÐb
4SYZ»FI4Scb
]"
è
M:ND6Nk]ÐKžDb
Š e/f{g0f
Œs
Ñ Ï Ð s
Òy(ËÑ  Ò\y
Ò\y z  5
æ (
¨
š
¨
Å
Š nl w0e
h­sJ‹/f
Ï i Ðr
¨
œ
±–
1
–
݂
š
tfilnm/p`w,e/fëg,j|‹/lo}/v¯s%8p%’žg,j w,los%m
(
æ è lovšƒsW}/m‹<ƒgsWh w0e/f¯isWm/‹lnw,lnsWm
ÉÈ
o
{ ' i ir |
{ || —
||
š
d!e/f¯vw,j%t nf¦g0j%m/pWf
™š
i 1i
–
†
’
Ê
¨
'
&
š
i
Ù
(
–
¨
PG
(
]
œ
"
œ
±–
1
±–
¥
d!e/fx¾_gvw¹}/m/vw,j%t nf
Ù
ÌË
Ò
Ö
Ò
Å
ÎÍ
Ò
Å
š
¨
–
µ æ è
œ
Ñ è
}/tvw,lØw,}w0lom/pxw0e/lov!lnmÝw0sxw,e/f¦j%ts:zWf¯iglnw,f{g0lnsWm¶ Š f¦sWtwªj|lom
"
"
Ò
Ò
´
\y
§¨
¨
œÆš
\y z
°
Ö ]Ýs
–
°
Ò\y z
š
¥
²_sWgRjxv’žh­hkf2w,g0lnŒ‹/lot osžª°¶JƒsWg!f2½j%h­q of|¶w,elov!pWlØzWfiv
Jš
\y } Ò\y z
1
j%m/‹<f Ý}_j ov
i
ls
Ñ s
¥
(
‰
’
Ê
šlovšƒsW}m/‹<ƒgsWh
–
§
Ï" Ð
ls
$
s|šj¼‹/lot osžª°±h­s)of{i}nf
œÆš
s
B^A
¨
(
¨
¨
D
r
O
\y
Ò
œÆš
–
"
À 
]
Œs
œ
±–
¥
i hi r & }
v!lØw Š j%vRf2½Jqf{{w0fi‹¶_w,ef oj%g0p%fig¨w0e/fŒ‹/lov#wªj%mifŒƒg0sWh ,w ef¦vq/lomsJ‹_j Glov{¶w,efŒhksWgfŒ‹/f{z%f YÇ
$
sWqfi‹¼w,e/f¯v#w,g0}{w,}g0f¦lovi¶/j%m/‹`w,e/f¯h­sWg0fŒe/j%g0h­sWm/lniv Š nl w0e
j%gf¦gf nf{z|j%mCw
àÍ
B
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
UU”ýŒúWrø
s
î­ï
ut
-
ñóù`ý
v
õáøiýŒú~÷
ÐÏ
)
§§
²
(
]
¥
Ù
×
Jš
0Ô
Ó
Ô
Қ
Jš ¾Ó
–
Jš
5 '„ Ú
1
h§
–
0Ô
Ó
Ö ]
œ
†Ú ‰ $
˜ ] ]
–
–
‚ — Ä ir Æ Ã1 Â
–
Jš
Ö ]
Ó
0Ô
Ó
0Ô
–
˜
Ñ
Ó
´
]1 
0Ô
œ
¸
‰
(
§
‰
†Ù
]
˜
Jš [Ó
(
= ^ ^
Æ
Ù Ù µ
Ù Ù Ù
Ù µ µ
1 1
1 1
'„ Ú
5 '„ Ú 1 1 5OÑ Ù
Ù Ù
µ '„ Ú µ 1 1 Ñ 5 6„' Ú ƒµ 1 1
Ù
'„ Ú Ñ 1 1 5 '„ Ú Ñ 1 Ñ 1 5 ' „ Ú Ñ 1 J1
"
Ñ
Ñ
1
(çÑ
(
Ž'„ Ú
(
¨
× †Ù
†
¨
Ú
Â
( „' Ú
§
¸
§
¨
‚ — Ä ir Æ 1àÃ1 Â
Æ
h§
× †œØЉ
× †œÐØ ‰
× †œÐØ ‰
×
Ú
Â
f¦}v0fŒw,e/fŒƒs os Š lomp‡m/s%w,j|w,lnsWm¸¯„' Ú
£Ñ
Jš
(
‰
Ù Ù
Ù
´ '„ Ú
Ñ '„ Ú 1 1 Ñ 5 Ù Ù
'„ Ú ƒµ 1 1 5 Ñ '„ Ú
Ù
µ '„ Ú Ñ 1 1 Ñ 5 Ž '„ Ú
”š
Қ ¾Ó
(
Jš
–
Ó
–
5 6„' Ú Ñ
¥
Ù "
Ù Ù Ù
Ù " "
1 1 5 6„' Ú 1 1 5 µ6'„ Ú 1 1
µ µ
Ù µ
'„ Ú µ 1 1
µ 1 1
5 Ž
Ù
Ñ ÀŽ '„ Ú
Ñ 1 1
Ñ '„ Ú Ñ 1 Ñ 1
Ñ 1Ñ 1
´
µ
Ñ '„ Ú Ñ 1 1
5 '„ Ú Ñ 1 µ 1 5 '„ Ú Ñ 1 1
–
Jš
1 1
"Ô
Ó
(ìÑ
Ô
œ
Ñ
0Ô
˜
]
0Ô
Ó
Jš
Ñ
Jš
–
] ]
¾Ó
Jš
–
Ç
–
0Ô
Ó
1
¾Ó
˜
–Jœ
˜
–
(
Ó
˜
Ç
]
Ñ
Ó
] 
0Ô
Ó
œ
Jš
"
–
]
]
œ
Jš
˜
œ
"Ô
Ó
–
] 
0Ô
Ó
춱¦¸
º
Ð
×
† ‰
§
(
Ù Ù Ù
'„ Ú 1 1
Jš
̵6'„ Ú
×
œ
Ð
¨
† ‰
(
´'„ Ú ƒµ
Қ ¾Ó
Ù Ù
1 1
µ '„ Ú
5 6
Ù · ·
1 1
5 Ñ '„ Ú
O
–
˜ ] ]
˜
Ù "
1 1 5 Ñ '„ Ú µ
–
"
]
˜
Jš ¾Ó
Ù Ù "
´ '„ Ú
5 µ6'„ Ú 1 1 5 Ù Ù µ
Ù Ñ Ñ
1 1
1 1
5 Ñ 6„' Ú
Jš
Ù
1 1Ñ
–
]
–
˜ ] ]
5 µ66„' Ú ƒµ
Jš ¾Ó
˜
Ù Ù ·
1 1
]
5 µ6'„ Ú
" "
1 1 5 '„ Ú ƒµ
–
Қ ¾Ó
‚µ6'„ Ú
˜
œ
Ù Ù Ñ
1 1
Ù Ù
1 1
–
]
Ù
"
Ñ
˜ 1]1]
w£S M:NÒw4N~DÐbRKžSD6SVKIT]
F£HGHK
Ð
×
r
† ‰
Ñ 6„' Ú
(
×
Ð
چ ‰
Â
Ñ 6„' Ú
œ
Ñ 6„' Ú
Ñ '„ Ú
Ó
œ
Ñ '„ Ú
Ö ]
˜ ] ]
Ó
Â
1Ñ
Ó
Jš
Ñ
Â
œ
Ñ 6„' Ú
œ
Ñ 6„' Ú ; Ñ
Ñ
œ
µ66„' Ú
"
1Ñ
]
]
Â
Ö ]
"
œ
Ö ]
Ö ]>
Ö ]>
1 Ñá5
Ó
œ
Ñ
"
"
·
] ] " 5 Ö ]"

1 1
] Ö ] ]
1
Ó
Â
Ó
1
"
1
Ó
·
1
Ö" Ñ ]
œ
]
¹œ
5
œ
"
Ñ 6„' Ú
œ
œ
"
Ö ]
µ6'„ Ú
Â
Â
Ñ
Ó
µ
1
Ó
1Ñ
Ó
5 Ñ 6„' Ú ; Ñ
´
1Ñ
Ù
Ó
1 Ñ 5
] ]
œ
Ö ]
œ
Ó
(
Ñ
Ö ]
œ
"
Ö ]>
1Ñ 1
Ó
"
" "
1 1 5
Â
Ö ]
"
Ö
1 ] 1Ñ
5 Ñ '„ Ú
Ö ]
"
·
Ö ]
5 Ñ 6„' Ú ˜ 1 ] 1 ] 5

"W"
Ö ]
5OÑ '„ Ú ˜ 1 ] 1 Ñ

] 5 „' Ú ; 1 Ñ Ö ] 1 Ñ Ö ] >
Ó
Â
Ó
œ
Ó
Ö
œ
Ó
1Ñ 1
Ó
œ
'„ Ú
5 Ñ '„ Ú ; Ñ
"
Â
" Ñ
Ö ] r5 Ž'„ Ú

œ
Ö ]>
Ö ] 1 Öµ ]
Ö ] 1ÑÖ ]>
1Ñ
œ
Ñ '„ Ú ;
œ
Ó
Ö ]
œ
1 1 Ñ!5
Ñ
Ñ
œ
Ñ '„ Ú ; Ñ
œ
Ó
Ñ '„ Ú
˜
˜Ñ 1]
Ñ '„ Ú
œ
Ó
5 Ñ 6„' Ú
y
œ
Â
1Ñ 1
Ó
·
1 Ñ 1
˜ ] ]
5 6„' Ú
Ó
Ó
Â
Ö ] 1 ÖÑ
]
Ù
Ö ]>
1 1Ñ
1Ñ
Ó
œ
Â
œ
1
Â
]
y5OÑ '„ Ú
Ñ 6„' Ú
"
–”œ
1µ 1Ñ
Ó
Ñ '„ Ú ;0Ñ
œ
" "
1 1 5
Ó
Ñ
µ
1
Ó
Ñ 6„' Ú ª; Ñ
5
1
Ó
Ó
Ó
1 1Ñ
´
1
"
˜ ] ] "
1Ñ 1
Ñ '„ Ú
Ö ]
5 „' Ú
Â
Ù
Ó
Ö ]
Ö ]
"
] ]
 Ö
Ñ '„ Ú ˜ 1 ] 1 ]

"
µ
Ö ] 1 Ö 5 Ñ '„ Ú 1 Ö 1 Ñ
]
]
œ
Â
Ñ 6„' Ú
"
1 Ñ 1Ñ
"
·
1 1 5
]" 
1Ñ 1
Ó
œ
Ž6„' Ú Ñ
œ
œ
Ó
Ó
œ
(
5
]  Ž '„ Ú ˜
˜ ] ]" 
·
1 1 5 Ñ ] ]" Ö " ]
·
1 1 5
] ] Ö ]
Ó
Â
'„ Ú
5
˜
Ù ·
1 1
Â
Ñ 6„' Ú
5
]
Ñ '„ Ú
œ
" µ
1 1
"
µ
1 1
Ó
Ó
Ñ 6„' Ú
5
1 1
Ó
˜
Ñ 6„' Ú
œ
"
Ù
˜
Ñ 6„' Ú
5
¥
àø
B
™Õ
Ñ
1 1 ÑR5
Ó
Â
Ó
Ñ
Ó
Ù
1 1!
Ñ 5
] Ö ]
1 1
¹œ
"
Ö ]
ÖÑ] "
>
BÐB
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
UU”ýŒúWrø î­ï
D lnhkl€ j%g[ij
o {}€ j w,los%m/v Š
s
ut
)ýŒôiò¦÷)øiù­ú
FPG IQG qÉ
I
"!
y ¾ Ë ¾ Ë
$£®
Ñ 
fig0f Š
¾ Ë Á
f7½Jqe
qÉ y lÉ
y
"
F
I
FPG Ó G IQG %G ‘É 1 £1 Û Á ( y ß ¾ Ë ß ¾ Ë ß ¾ Ë ß ¾ Ë
f2½Jq e
 lÉ Û ‘É 5 Û 5 Â Ó É Ûx5 Â
y y
Ž
1
š
:
Ž
F
"
(
–
Ž
ß
Ž
ß
y
Ž
y
Ž
y
š Ě
œ
¨
Ž
Ž
Ž
"!
š
µ
:
–
Ž
Ž
y
Ž
.!
y
Ž
y
,š
œ
؜
–<š
!
–
d!e/f¯f Ý}_j w,los%m/v!ƒsWgšw,e/fŒw0e/log‹<s%g0‹/f{gRƒ}m/{w0losWm/v!gfj%‹G¸
Gz Gz
G Gz
1
(ìÑ Ñ Å
ÎÎJÎ
1
Å Å
(ËÑ
ÎÎÏ
Å Å
(
(ìÑ
Î/Ï_Î
Ï_ÎÎ
d!e/f¯ƒsW}/gw0e¼sWg0‹/f{g!ƒ}/m/{w0losWmvRj%g0f|¸
"
( µ
Ê Ó ,¿
ÎÎJÎÎ
Ó
(
(
ÎÎJÎ/Ï
Î" JÎ/Ï_Î
Î/Ï_ÎJÎ
ÓÅ Å
ª
¿
Ê Ó
Ó
š
¡
4
4
¡
§
š_y

š_y

¡
‚ — %‚ —
¥ §
h
‚ — ‚ —
š
œAy
œAy
y³œžy
y
G Gz
§
š
œ
š'š

Ž

šUy
¡
 
–
Ž
Ž
§Ž

 
š_y
œqy
œAy
œ
!
؜
k
–S–
œ
5
œžy
y
5
y
1
% y
1
%
y
œžy
œžy
1
(
%
y lÉ
1
!
؜
y
œAy
Û
œ
–
k
–'–
–
œAy
Ï_ÎJÎÎ
š

¶–
G G Gz Gz
PG
(ìÑ ‚ ¿ Å G z G Å G z
—
œ
¥ §
h
œ
(
¡
4
œžy
GG z G z G z
Ž
Gz Gz y
5 GÅ
–
sy
ls y
5"
Å Ó
–
¥ §
h
Ž
¡
¥ §
h
4
¡
¡
š
Ž
¨
¡
š
Ž
œ
y
 y lÉ
5
J–
µ
:
Ž
ò
:
ß
ל
¿
øúfX
£
fÌlomCw,gsJ‹}/ifRw,e/f၃s)(ns Š lom/p
ûWörúrõR÷[øiù­ú
"W"
f{g0fÌqf{gƒsWghkf{‹Âlom±ÉŽCJ¶
m/s%w,j|w,lnsWm¸
4
ûWùN
ñóù
"Ö
1
y
œžy
1
sy
yœžy
sy
5
y
–
–
œžy
–
1
1
5
Î ÎÏÏ
ÏÏ_ÎJÎ
"
$
d!e/f‡s%w0e/fig၃}/m/2w,los%m/v ij%mrtf¹sWtw,j%lom/f{‹±tC’Èf2½Jªe_j%m/p%lom/p
Ëj%m/‹
²_sWg
j%m/‹
sWmf˜m/f{fi‹/váw,sÂv Š j|q
j%m/‹
g0f{v0qfi{w0lnz%f n’<lnm
$
w,ef˜f ÝÎ}_Ï_j Î/w,loÏ s%mȁƒsWg ÎÏÐÏÐÎ
mƒsWg#w,}/m_j w,f ؒW¶j w0e/fivf‡lomCw0fipWg0j ovRj|m/m/s%w tf¹j ni} oj|w,f{‹
Ï tf»w,gfj|w0fi‹<mž}hkf{g0loij ؒ $
j%m_j n’Ýw,lnj n’W¶Jj%m/‹¼ve/ÎJsWÎ/} ÏÐn‹È
(
¡
§
¡
¨
¡
&
s
¡
¡
UU”ýŒúWrø
”¡
î­ï
ut
Â
ñ
"1
œžy
 
¥
Ž
šUy
Ž
§
§
y
y³œžy
*
š
¨
¥
ùëû”÷[üý
örõR÷[öò¹÷[øiù­ú
8Ù
ìXN)ò‡ô
-
•
(
Ú7
(
Ñ
"
ˆg
ß
Í
šFø–
(
7
¾ Ë
i
Ñ
š
Ñ
™Ý
¨
&
g
v0lnm
©Û
ß
µ
5
f¦{sWm/vlo‹/f{gRw Š s Š j ’žvÌs|Áf2z%j o}_j|w0lom/p
7
¾
i Ë
i )ä ¾
ß
–
š
¥
ŸÜ
œ
R•
Ü
¨
$
–
¨
±–
§
(
ò˜ôõáörôiò¹÷[øiù­ú
f¦mfifi‹<w,sëf{z|j n}_j|w0f
œ
*
÷[ý
-
–
s
.s
 Â
*
Â
*
œžy
ß
¾
¨
Û
ß
¾ Ë
ÞÝ
i
i
g
5
š
i Ýä ¾
¨
œ
–
¨

øú
w£S M:NÒJN`D_F£U|DQÁUFJI8Scbyb¹I4E[K7žUWQ^D/I8QFI4Scb‚SÒGI8K4TL/F£U
F£HGHK
à
B
r
Im q
q1
œ
¾
È
"W$
œ
¨
i
Kß
Re q
§
]
²ÁlnpW}/g0f
ä
"W$Ø"
¸
â
ä
)¾ Ö
g
i
sWmCw,sW}/g
¶ 4(
ݾ Ö
¨
R
Å )¾
lnmCw,fip%g,j ¸
(
§
g
™ ¤2“ 6f{w!}v!j%v0v}/h­f»w,e_j|w8w,e/fŒhkj%lnmÂis%mÝw0g0lnt/}w,lnsWmÂw0s˜w,e/fŒlnmCw,fip%g,j isWh­fiv8ƒg0sWh
$
ä d!e/f{mȁƒsWg!vhÂj
&(
eà
(
g
* )(
i ä)¾ ?
Å
ä ¾
Ö ß
œ
âá
Å
o
ä ¾ µ
µ
µ
™Ý
g
¨
Sc
Ô
Ö
(
Ô
¾
ä
Ë
Ô
Ý
¨
Ë
5
"
¨
7
ß
7
¨
É
á
¨
(
5
g
qá ¨
*
Ö
(
Ô
?
á
g
7
g
YÉ (
 ©7©,–T2£ “ R6f{wÌ}/v h­fimCw0losWm¼w,e_j wÌw0e/f¹gfiq/gfivfimCwªj|w0losWm
q ( 5 ä ä)¾ lnv
$
sWm n ’ jÈhkj|w0e/fihkj|w,lnj
[w0g0lnª° d!e/lnv˜g0f{q/g0f{v0f{mÝw,j|w,lnsWm‚e_Í j|v‡j%m‚l(YNj/f2¾_m/fi‹³²_sW}/glofig
$
w0g,j%m/v#ƒsWg0hój%m‹¶Jw0e/figf{ƒsWgf%¶/lnv¨q/eC’žv0lnj
n ’­lom/{sWg0gfi2w d^s‡v0s)Ø zWf w0e/lov8q/g0s%to f{h sWmf
$ "%$
i ms%w Ji $ d!e/fim”sWm/fëpWf{w0v
m/f{fi‹/v¦w,s¼f2½Jq_j|m/‹ '
»ƒgsWh f
´ Œlomyw,f{g0h­v¯s%
j ( 5 ä ¾ ä ä ¾ Š lØw,e~j Š f(Y Nj/f2¾_m/fi‹~²Ðs%}/g0lnfig)w,g0j%m/vƒs%g0h $ ²_sWg£v0}/ªe
Í vw0g0}/2w,}/gf¦j|{w,s%gšw,e/f¯lomCw0fipWg0j
jx
iÊi
( µ
ß ¾
Ë i ä¾
5 ä ¾
$*ij%mÈtfŒf{z|j
n }_j|w0fi‹ Š lnw,e`w0e/f¯e/fn q<s|Áij
o {}o }/v!s|Ágfiv0ln‹/}_j
n v
f Š glnw0f
"
ii
Ë i ä¾
(
ß
Ñ µ
5 ä ¾
$ª§
j%m‹<lnmCw,fip%g,j|w0fŒs‘z%fig!w,ef¦{sWh­qo f7½`qo j%m/f
esJsWvlom/p‡w0e/f¯isWmCw0sW}/gRs%TlomCw,f{pWg,j|w0losWm
$Ø"W$n"
j%v¯ve/s Š m”lom ²Álnp
] j%m/‹yj
n i}o j|w,lnm/p~w,ef­gfivlo‹/}_j&o v¯j|w i j%m/‹ i Š fksWtJwªj%lnm
`
ƒsWg!vhÂj&(
"
i
É
â
Ï
|
i
(
Ñ
„ 5 ä¾
ä ¾ || g g Å Ö
Ñ µ
|| F¥G I
Š e/f{g0f
$
¾
i
`_}/2w,}_j|w0losWm
s|ÜlomCw,f{pWg,j|w0losWmuƒsWg\w,ef
â
$
ä 5 ä
È
§
•
Ñ
q2
¨
š
–
$
Ý
™ã
§
eà
§
šUñ–
š ä–
g
¨
š
¨
š
œ
¨
¨
–
¾–
š ä–
š
g
¨
¨
¨
•
7
™Ý
g
¨
š
¨
œ
¨
¨
–
¨
¨
•
7
Ý
g
¨
¨
š
¨
œ
¨
–
¨
Ý
§
¨
g
•
7
¨
¨
y
g
¨
š
¨
œ
¨
–
7
¨
g
œ
–
¨
à:
B
D6EGF4HJI8KLM:NOKCPRQTSVUWSYX6LSVQ[Z\HEF^]_K`X6K/EFWa8ScbRQTL
å
æ
æ
î
ñëæ
çè
ê
éëêÉì
ïJçÚð
êÉçì
ø
í
êfïIïJçì
è
æ
çñòê
ó
ô
õ
êÉì
ñéëêÉçÚõ÷ö
ùfú
û^ü¢ý"þ+ÿ0þ+ý
¢ý"þ'ÿ
ÿ !Šþ.ÿ0þ"Šÿ#$
%&Rÿ "
ü
'(Eÿ (
ü )
ÿ ü*ý"þ
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[üJý$
Eü'ÿ ý'ÿ[ü+,-.[ü'ÿ
®ý'þ/
0.þ$.&.ü
Sý$12
'þ1
4356+ûeýºÿ4.ÿ87.& ý»ý>ý
$«ý'þ
'ÿ*Eÿ ü9Äý"þiÿ:&.ü
2,ÿ ü *:&
»ý"þ
2+
;³þ/1
ÿ Sý6& ÿ 1Gý'ÿ[ü<=.
$/1>
$/Äÿ?@2ACB?<ü.üDFEGIHKJLŠþ:MGÿ/Ðý"þý
ý"þ
ÿ1N
$&3ý'ÿ[üOJý"þ
'ÿ ý"ÿP3&uý&ý"ÿEüQR2:'þ
Q3STU[ü*
ý$CV
$*X
W +
YZGý
J[Gü\]$Sÿ82qÿ ü ]<ü3ü¾ý2^Ðý"þ_
`aDFEGIHKJcbKü@&`Ÿÿ0Gü\d61>`ŸÿQ+ÿ%)
&$$Qý'þ/eUuýf
f.ÿ ü 2g™ÿ8',ý&
_DhE(iHj+";³þk
Sý/ ÿ1Gý'ÿ[üg
ý'þ
ÿ1ºý$òý'þ
'ÿ<ü¾ýlý"ÿEü#U3þ1—ÿ&
©ÿ ümnl`-U82n.
$fR2^o>Gý$/Eüqpÿ ü
DhErHs>$& t@&3üŸý$2u]uR2qv
$
'ÿl`@ [üwDhExHj+y;³þ
$A
z$
0Gý"þ
=
$`@Ðý'þGý{[ü¾ý
Sÿ&—ýý&
{&+ü
Šÿ
ý'þ
SýEü.ÿ ü*CÒý'þ4+þ<ü.3ü[ü<&—ýQÞüEý{1
ÿ ýc'( ÿ3ÿ ý82zD}|@EnJLiiS~(JLiSG(J]EESHK+
;³þ6`2
ÿ”ý'þKý"þ
%2ÎÿÄý'þGý[Sþ1
[3SySý
[
ü*82iÿ üŸý$
$3ý$>Šÿ ý"þÎý'þ?
Sÿ ý
ÿL3&uý&Gý'ÿ[üÐü
ý'þfb?€0;?+
û^ü<t@&.ÿ ÿ
'ÿ&$&0þ<3&3ý$&Gý'ÿ[ü{
)
4
$$][üSÿ
/S=
'ÿ ü *ëý'þOb?€0;Úý$/U
Gý$&
$+ƒ‚—þ1
/3S„Gü.ÿ Eý
.ÿ82" &
$ iý'þ
Sÿ
ý'ÿ1N3&3ý$&Gý'ÿ[ü+…Q†:
$& 1
ý Jý"þb?€0;fý.]
$Gý&
$. :].4 Gý"ÿ82
Eü.ÿ$Eý$
$+ÿJEüRý"þ[.ÿ
3ý'ÿ[üf
ý'þcSý$
$[ü*Sý‡
&
'ÿEü.
ý'þ[3&3ý$&Gý'ÿ[üˆ
‰)
$$][üÄý$ºý"þ¹þ+ÿ*[þSýsb?€0;Æý.]
$Gý&
$+Š;³þ@&JUS›ý"þ‹b?€0;u=?'(U3ý³ý'þ
M.M
=.þ$¹ý/
Sÿ<ü¾ýŠÿ
b0&
ŠGÿ
ü
ý'þ.ÿ[+ÿ
$3ý'ÿ[üP+
üºýl$`ºÿJý?k&ü.?$]uý
$&Œ
ŠSþ1
{3S6+Šû^üØý"þ†SŠÿ ü * 3ý'ÿ[ü{=
Îý"þg
_
$/3ý
_Eüy&$¿ÿ
ÿ ü¾ý$<üSÿ ý2+c;³þ.ÿQtn&Gý"ÿ[üzEü<]†
v
ÿ üºý'þc
$$<ü
ÿ ü¾ý$
$n&†Sÿ/?2,üÞÿ†tn&Gý"ÿ[ü
ý^
Sÿ-Eüat@&Gý'ÿ[üŽ
Îý"þ93&3ý&Gý"ÿ[ü
ý
ÿ ü¾ý
$/.ÿGý[Sþ1
=
$Gý#=Ðÿ üŸý$
ý"þc
Sÿ ý'ÿ1n3&3ý&Gý"ÿ[ü
ÿ üý"þ4 ÿÞÿ ý>Iþ.ÿ*Eþ<Eü:SSþ1
{
Gý$+
UGý³ÿ (
ü )]3ý=3ü«ý"þ$Šý† ÿ Þÿ ý Jý$†—ýlEÿ
A
$$%)‘S
/
$’Sý
[ü*òýA`m'þ1
+q;³þ3ü“=z.ÿ$&$©ý"þ>ÿ ü 3&<ü:
ü
ý'þ
,ÿ Sÿ 
ý 2†[ü¾ý
$SýNUuý<ü/.ÿeU
<ü¾ýN/[ü/
ˆ[ü®ý"þ>;ýl+ÿ ÿ ý26&ý"þ>
'ÿ<ü¾ýlý"ÿEü+
…{×ý$
%>
[?
I'«ý'þ?Sý$1(2@)‘SýGý‹ $&/+ý"ÿ[üEü_Eü2n”
ý"þ?
$82;ýl*[
ý"þ‹
'ÿ3ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[ühý
$EüSÿ ý"ÿ[üP+
,-fEü¾ý®ý$
üEýºý'þGýý"þ/.Eÿ üO
$
& $
ý ?>‚(uý"ÿEü†(+i–•(+Fr_Güg(+—EC=
$n)
˜U™
šP›Pœ‡ž#Ÿ ¡¢9ž=›NŸ£œ=¤Ÿ££1œ‡ zU›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
ýlGÿ ü_R2_Bf+§v
$
'ÿl`n [
ü-DFEx5HK+
¯°S±
²´³4µN¶1·¹¸?º»<³‹¼Š¶½/¾Oµ
;¦_$
'ÿUºý'þf2,ü™ÿ0
ý"þf
$
?
.uý
{©ü*3ý6?.EüR2<3ýlGÿ{
ý"þ{%2(;ý´]<þ1,ÿ&
=]$SÿJR11,ÿ ü*ý"þs[ü82
$<ü¾ý'ÿM§
($ ¿#+ÿeU&'ÿ[ü
$MI'Gý'ÿ[ü<EüA[üR3ý'ÿ[üA&©ý$iý"þ356+4;³þf'ÿ.;ý?2,ü™ÿˆtn&Gý"ÿ[üO
ý"þ+ÿÄý2nU»ÿ
À]Á
DÁ H
ÁÈÊɃ
Ë ÍÎ
Ìf
ÀÂ.ÃÅÄ<ÆIÇ
Á
Í
Ð
ÿ Jý'þn<ÿ ý24
kJ
D Á H—ÿ”ý"þ[V=
”5n`@'ÿ ÿ ÒQÞÿ ý Eü.ÿMEü
Ä
Î
ÿcRü[ÿ Ký
$Ԋÿ ý"þ
ý"þ?SŠÿ ü*†
$U
Sý"ÿ
Šþ
$
Ï
Õ
Ì Ë
Eü
 Ñ$Ø
Ï]ÐÖn×
È
G
Õ
×
 Ñ
ÏUÐÖ@×
ÿ.Eü\U
Gý$
/Šþ$:Sý
Â
Ï]ÐÙÖSÚ8×
Ú
Ñ$Ø
È
(+iSÑ
ÓÏ

Ì Ë
É
ÍÐÖ
&3ý$&
$z]<üC[ü
ÖSÚ
Ñ
ý'þz
ˆÉ"Â
ÍÐ
t§+
Ð
Ú
Ð
VQ+ÓrÑ$ÑJ@Gü
Ñ
(+—Ñ
Ð
]
Sý'ÿKý'þz
$
$/3ý
ÈÜÛqÝ
Ì Ë
Ç/Þ
×
ß
×
Á
ÿ[[ü$
%
Á
ÿ³üEýsEü$
(+ÓrÑ
Ð
;³þ0t@&Gý"ÿ[ü
(+iSч
$
$][üÄý4/n=…GüV
ÿ üÞý"þKüEýGý"ÿ[ü.¦Ò{[þ3ü@U
$*
Ð
EügÒQ]
'ÿ ü“Dài5niH
. -Dái55Hâі+/,g/ŠÿN ©ý"þý»ý'þ/Sý
&3ý$&
$/ ý"þ]
‰)
Ð
Gý$
Ì Ë ÿÐÿ
$
E
ü¾ý0
0&
6E
ü82n'ÿ¿s=fŠ
ÿX.`f&$ ý"þf
'ÿ.
%2@)eþ
.[ü+ÿ
$1'—ÿ.Gý"ÿ[ü"Eü^ 3ý©ý"þiý2(+ÿ1>3ü*Eý"þn)$«ÿ
Ì Ë
]Eý"þ$
$&Šý$f&
ü¢ý"þ
2nSý$
ý"ÿ ÿ1Gý'ÿ[üŠÿ ý"þEüSýEü¾ýŠÿ
ý9ãäå
+-³
; þ3
üQÿ ü
æ
üv&
Sÿ
$+#;¦f]
$]3ÿk?=‹ŠÿU&$ý"þüEü()[ü$
:
'ÿE
ü:
ý"þ‹t§+ (+iSÑ+
Ð
‚(&0þŽgY¦Gü*,ÿ \
ü
t@&Gý'ÿ[üQÿ
2“*(nÅ
Þÿ&Sý$
Gý'ÿ&
$]$
Sÿ*[ÿ ‹
ü
§10þ
ý$
Sÿ ü>
ý'þ
Ð
ÿ ý$
Eü <ü¾ý–ÑZ&+ýÒüEýˆ
Xuý&n1&MGý'ÿ[ü+äûeýÒÿ¦Eü@<ü.ÿ<ü¾ý
ýRý$
Eü%
$ÿ ý³ÿ üŸý$Rý"þ6v`@`
%)ç‡Eül`tn&Gý"ÿ[ü'ÿ ü¹ý"þ
$ÿcŠþ6
$<üL
/3ý"þ(Äý$. ¹ý"þ6Mý'ý
6Dái5rHj+Š;³þ‹
SÿGý"ÿ[üX…Q]<ü.ÿ8'…*Eÿ
À§è
DÁ
×
ÀÂ
 H
ÈyéSê
Í
;³þu&.üuý"ÿ[ü
è
DÁ
$/3ý
$k9Gý
ï
Šþ
$
R2
ß
È
×
Í
ß6í
Á ë?ì
]
Í
Á
Í
ä
ëÃ
ÍÎ
Í
Á
DÁ H
ä
ë‹î
ÉÅï
ãð
ÀUÁ§ë
À
ãñUò
ã
Ñ
DÁ
×
 H
Ð
(+F|RÑ
 H Sÿ]qý"þŽ
+ÿ ÿ ý2T_
$Gý"ÿ ü *w$ý"ÿM
‰)
ý"ÿ.
 JKý'þ9(3ÿ 
ý 2u
k¿ÿ0þ$3ü
ÿ{'þ1
c
ýJ]Eü>ý'þbKü$*
s/.ÿ ÿ ý2.(7/<ÿ3ü¾ý
ß
è
È
ï\óô ðRJ
Ä
ÿ s
$1'—ÿ.Gý
ý^]
ß
$Dái5|JPi5E(JE|J§Ex(J]EE5HL
[+ÿ$&$Sÿ[üÑ+
Ð æ
Ð
V& gý'þAEü.þ
$/[ü.ÿ>ý
$/Îÿ u
ü
t§+
i+Fri5Þ
Ñ ý'þAv`@`
%)‰çŠEül`\tn&Gý"ÿ[ü
Ð
ï
È
n+F|@ÑEü.üEý.]: \–'3ý82Aÿ üAý"þ_
$3üzÐý'þ:3S
ÿ
GJ è D Á H?õ
Ð
Ð
É
'(
D Á HMÑ$і+;³þ
$
$/$
$#.uý"þný_[
ü;ý
&3
ý ÿ ý‹
$1—
' ÿ.G
ýf —
& ý"ÿE
ü
Ð
Î
¡¢áöS¢“÷§œ¦¥øӚzŸ@ùc¨Uœž#øh­c©P¥
ÿ ü\-
˜Uú
2nSý$.Gý"ÿ:12
Js
.'/J‹DàiSx(J{i5ûnJ{i5ü5Hâі+Ò{
$z=O/S2qý'þ
Ð
$R0þXýU>Eü”<ÿ*Dài5~HLEüv
$
'ÿl`@ [ügDFEx5HKJEü
'ÿ864 3ý[Zt@&Gý"ÿ[ü
ý"þ6k
$SýŠý=.&&Eü¾ý
¶þ+ÿ*[þ
[
$MGý'ÿ[üc
$¹ü*3ý§Ñ
Ð
þ
È
Ñ
ÐÙÿ
Õ Á§ë Ø
È
Ñ
Ð ÿ
Ù
Õ Á]ëÁ
ë Ø
ä
Õ Á]ë Ø Õ Á
É
(+—EÑ
Ð
ë Ø
ä
B?<ü
2J”ý"þ1
*<ü'ÿ 
ý 2-
$kCEüm]C
$
$$<ü¾ý$“z$&U
$]'ÿ
ý"ÿEü"
Eü0S
þ
ÐÙÿ
 Ñ
Ð
å Šþ
$¹ý"þ? 3ýsZ3ý$
$
ýP&Šý'þGýsPSý$
$&uý&
È
Ñ
ì Í
3ý
$™ÿ ü ÿ
ë
ê
ê
ë
ÓÍ
ý"þ?Gý'ý'ÿQ
ä
üÎý"þ‹%2nSý
(+ÓxÑ
Ð
ò
2n./3ý$
2+Š;³þ6t@&Gý'ÿ[ü
þ1ý"þ6.Ký2n.ÿ1LSÿ”‹õwã
(+ÓxÑ
Ð
äå +
æ
;³þt@&ý"ÿEü†
»ý"þ&&MEü¾ý
$.
SÿAÿ ü
…{]<ü.ÿà'mV{+Jû^ü¢ý"þCSý$12
SýGý¹ý'þ2
1
È
È
i
É
Ã
ï
À

"! ÃyÐ
Ñ
Ðÿ
É
ã
ã
æ
Ð
ãñ
Ñ
é ê
À
ãð
 ß
ÐÙÿ
Ã
i
É
×
ã
æ
×ÿˆ×
É
Ñ
ÿ
Ñ
ÐÙÿ
(+—ûÑ
Ã
Ð
Ã
ã
i
Ñ
æ
Þ
Ã
$# é

É
&%
ÐÿN× ˆ×
É
ÿN×
Ñ
%
Ñ
'%
Ð
*
Ñ
)(NÐÿ
Ã
(+
Ð
Šþ
$66k&ü>ý"þ6;ý
$&3ý&
$‹[ü;ýlEü¾ý$¿
È
i
È
û^üCt@&ý"ÿEü
ÿ
ã
3+ é ê4, é ê
5 $# é

É
(+ÓûÑNÐÿ
&%
ÐÙÿN× X×
2,ü™ÿ+Šû^ü<tn&+ÿ ÿ 'ÿ&
ý"þs%2nSý:+ˆ;³þn&Jn@2ºÿ ü¾ý
ü¾ý
É
æ
Ð
É
ÿˆ×
É
ã
æ
Ñ þ
%
Ñ þ
å ×ÿ
×ÿ
å ×ÿ
×ÿ
Ñ þ
'%
Ð
Þ
Ð
É
Ñ þ
å
Ðÿ
Þ
76
×$ÿ
%
ÐÙÿ
Ñ þ
Ñ
Þ
ÐÙÿ
å
Ñ þ
Ñ þ
ÐÙÿ
Þ
Ñ
76
Ðÿ
Ð
(+Ó~Ñ
Ñ
(&C
Sý'ÿk3ÿM–'—ý$
SüUk
+Š;³þ.ÿ ÿ=tn&+ÿ3ü¾ý
Ð
ê
ÈwÉ
ëÁ
ë J
üŸý$
$n&uý"ÿEüCý"þ6.ÿ ý'ÿ[ü ý$
$ÿ üiý"þ†Ò{™ÿ ý$[ü.ÿEü
ð
ä
Î
ê
ê
D ë
HjJ5Šþ.ÿ0þ† 'ÿU”ý'þ ÿ ü¾ý
uý"ÿEü‹Šÿ ý"þý"þ#',ý
'ü
ë
ä
Í
ÃÍ
å
ë +q;³þ:k
ÿ[S´&©ý-[ü;ý
$&3ý9]Eý3ü¾ý"ÿM
Š
*S
Sü.ÿ ü*¿ý'þ
ë‹È>=@?
k
ý/Eü
i
Ð
é ê
21
r
È
Ñ
&+ é ê-,/.
é ê

(ŠÐÿ
0
i
98
A
CB
DB
ý'þ4]Eý$<ü¾ý"ÿ
<; &:
£þ
(&<ÿ ü *Ký"þ[k
ý'þ4/1Eü+ÿ ü*/Òý'þ†
43ü
*2_
s+ýEÿ 
ü
Gü.Gü2Ÿý'ÿ>[ü¾ý"ÿ @
ü &ý"ÿEü
ý"þ?
6<ü
$*2Îý$Rý"þ62,ü™ÿ?$.DhExHj+
…Q[&
MSý>Sÿ/ 8ÿ k1ý"ÿEü=¹ÿ
ý"ÿ[ü
.
Eü
ü¾ý$
$n&0Eü
$1'—ÿ.Gý"ÿ[ü.
ý"þ{
;ý–'&.ü–)
+‚—ÿ ü f.&$©ý"þ/
Sÿ ü 3ÿ)^þ
$/[ü.ÿ
$1'—ÿ.Gý"ÿ[üòÿ
$&/iý"þý‡S)Kuý
FE E
È
ã
æ
ÿ
ü¾ý$&.ü¾ýŠý"þ0=1`CEü*&
>U3ü3ü»ÿ
ÞþSÎý"þC$/.n&&
SŠÿ ü *_Dài1rG(JPi1riJPiSGHjJ¹ý`ÿ
(+FxRіJ¦=
Ð
+-p:
S
J‡8)
ü
üiý'þ
GIH
šP›Pœ‡ž#Ÿ ¡¢9ž=›NŸ£œ=¤Ÿ££1œ‡ zU›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
|Eý'þ()
>
;ý'&+ü3ý'ÿ[ü
.
å ×ÿ
ÐÙÿ
J$
å ×ÿ
Ðÿ
É
×
Þ
Þ
å ×
ÿ
É
Þ
K
ÍÐ ÿ
Ë
å
Ã
ÿ
Ë
P
ÿ
Ë
ÿ
Ë
Ñ
J6
Ã
Þ
!i L
É
KNM
È
Ñ
ÿ
.
È
Ñ
76
×ÿ
å
Æ ÿ
Ë
RQ

6
LK
É
i
Ð
Þ T
U
È
Ñ
(NÐÿ
i
È
i+
Ñ
LK M
É
i
(+8i5Ñ
Ð
Ë
ÿ_Æ
WV
Þ
O
ÿ‡6&.ü.ÿ ýŠuý
#]
$]<ü.ÿ&M
Òý$»ý'þcM/M+äûeý=
/3ý$
Sÿ”Òý"þsM.8)
YX
FX
È
i†Eü
Þ
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[üPJ
U3ý"ÿ82+
M
[
'ÿ<ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[ü
,-ÿ
¿
ñ
È
Z
Þ
i†
$
U[üØý©ý"þ†
$LEüz]
$]<ü.ÿ&M
üŸý$
$n&ý'þüEýGý"ÿ[üP¿
[ Ð \Ë
c
É
ô
Ë
ÿ_Æ
]d
È
Ñ
È
`_Mi ÉaK \ Ë
Ð
Ñ
^%
Ð
[
Ã
_c
È
Ñ
]#
é

Ë
Æ ÿ
æ ÐÙÿ
Ð ÿ
Ë Ñ
Ã
Þ
ô
Ë
ÿÆ
É
Ð ÿÆ
Ë
ã
Æ ÿÃyÐ
d
Ñ
% Ë Þ4b
_ i ÉLK Ë X
Ñ
Æ
É
ã
Ñ
æ
Þ
ï
É
 ß
È
À
ãð
Ð
c
À
É
Ñ
Ðÿ
ãñ
Æ
d
ô
Æ
Ã
Ñ
ÐÙÿ
XÑ
æ
i
É

äå
6
Ð
È
Ñ
ÐÙÿ
i
(+8i1|@Ñ
4b
Þ
Ð
äå
b
(+8i5EÑ
Ð
üÎý"þ?k&üP
$_¿
i
LK
É
(+8iSrRÑ
Ð
Eü_
$c
'ÿ ý Ký"þ‹;ý2R);ýlGý$†tn&Gý"ÿ[ü[
Äý"þ‹/
#.þ »ÿ
e{
û^üQý"þ+ÿ/1 >
ý'þ
G
Ò{
$
+
S
È
(+8ii5Ñ
Ð
Þ
i
Ë È
ã<
üG
ý³ý'þ6.
& ü.ÿ ý[u
ý
ÿ üÎý"þ‹+ÿ
$3ý'ÿ[ü
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
È
;³þz/
4+þ$ÿ$
Sÿ]\R2^t§+ (+FxRъÿ ý'þ
Ð
Sý$
$&u
ý&
†[
ü;ýlE
ü¾ý{
Šþ
$
*
Þ
&O
(+8iSGRÑ
Ð
Ð
Ñ
Ð
(+8iSxRÑ
(+8i5ûÑ
EýGý"ÿ[ü
*
$
(+8iSrRё) n+i5EÑ þ.91
..þR2n'ÿ1c/1Eü+ÿ ü*+“;³þ:3&3ý$&Gý"ÿ[ü
ÿ ü¾ý)
Ð
Ð
(+i1rRъý`»ÿ ü¾ý&.ü¾ý¹ý'þ3&uý&Gý'ÿ[ü0 ý"þf
$
0
$.uý
DàiiiH‡Gü
Ð
$3ü
ÿ ”
ý'þ¹ý.]
$Gý&
¹
ÿ üiý'þ?
2nSý$_+V=1&$6äý"þ†Gü*&
U3ü3ü
t§+Ó(+8ii5ÑJ
Ð
fN'( i h *
$
$R2
$
9g
c
(+8i1|@іJn $ c $
Ð
ý"þf|Gý"þ()‘
$
0
Sý–'A&.üuý"ÿEü
þQEü<Gü*&
c]<ü<ü+
0þl`
ý"þý
ý"þEü.ÿ$Eý
U3ü<ü6Eü*3ý
¿ý <ü
Šþ
É
iÿ ýŠý ™ý"þ6k
Sý0
$
Ðÿ ü
.ÿ ü
ÿ
<ü
ô
Ë
Ë
ÿ Æ
Æ ÿ
Sý$
$&uý&
6Ù3ý
JŠ
þ.ÿ0þ
. ÿ ”™ý.]
$Gý&
?Eü
t@&.ÿ ÿ 'ÿ&
¸ý'þ
$<ü
$. ÿ”
Gü
d
Eý
$
9j
ý"þ
ÿ
ý/]
ý&
Ð
Ñ$іJX=',ý
$3ý
K
 Eü†Eü<'ÿ2
ý"þ.ÿEü*&M
Ð
)^ÿ ü]<ü<ü¾ý[
Sý=±ý"þQ
$3ü
‰)
ý"þ?Eý'þ
ÿ üiý"þ? ÿ™ÿ ý
K
K<È
ý
.+‡vJÿ ü 82J
Ñ ÿEü
æ ÐÙÿ
G
$&³ýRý"þ?Eü0Sý$&.ÿ
R2V
$”Sn$`Ÿÿ =
ÿ
DáiiiHKJ§v
$
'ÿl`@$[ü:Eü:Ò{ÙEügD}xüIHjJ§Eü_.ÿ$&$$Øÿ z
ü
‚n3ý'ÿ[üAi+Fx+
lknmj¥›NŸœ‡ z PŸokˆøट
GDp
¡¢}¡¢g¥@ž# §­[©
qC¼srŠ½.¾Ntvu]µxw<¸0³vryrŠ¸zt/¶${
¯°–¯
¸
û^ü^
$
™ý$g3ý
$™ÿ üiý'þ_Sýl
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[ümÐý'þ_M/MJˆ>ü
t§+
Ð
(+8iSxRÑL
äý"þ=Sý
&3ý$&
$=Ù3ý$
+”ûeýˆ*<ü
n$&+ý"ÿ[ü4Eü]=&+üR2ý"þ=.uý"þn
X0þ
$3ý$
'ÿSý'ÿ
$‹…QU3ü.ÿ8'_o[Ñ
Ð
:
 Ñ
ÐÿN×
Šþ
$
€
Â

ÿ‡Ð
+

È
Ñ
ãð
Ð
ãñ
È
×
é
 ß
ï
Ã
ï
v
.k.ü.ÿ $
ý >„
È
Ñ
Ðÿ
–'
ý'þ<Sý$
$&uý&
äå
æ
|o
æ
Ð
‚€
l… †
}E ãðIãñ‡E î
ï
v~
é
 ß
Z
ß
æ í
É
ì
Ñ
ÐÙÿ
È
æ
äå
Þ
6
„
×
<Ù3ý$
Eüu]Øÿ
Ñ
ÐÙÿ
ƒ äå
Ã
c
È
æ
Ð
ˆ
c
r
ü¾ý$
$]Gý
i
‰ T
'ÿ
V
(+8iS~RÑ
Ð
pÿ ü zDhErHMÑ
Ë
ã
Æ .
ÿ ÃyÐ
d
É
ã
Þ
„
Ã
E}ãð5ãñ‡E
ï
i
Ñ
æ
í
… †
ß
æ
Þ
6
î
Ð
(+ÓGRÑ
(+i1rRÑ[
Ð
ü*†/3ý'þn.Sÿ™ÿM
Jý»ý"þGý=L…{]<ü.ÿà':i+Óv9EüÞý"þc
$4&M
ü¾ý*
Lt§+
<þ.ÿ`ADáiSrR5HMÑ
Ž
é
Þ
æ
Ž
é
Þ
æ
=†—ýlEÿ
r
o>Gý$Gü
Ð
K +Šs
N‹Œ[2n”
Gü
B?
'þ¾ý2,ü
ý
È
Ñ
ÐÙÿ
ô
Ë
ÿ
Æ
É
6
|Rü ¦Ñ å
;³þ.ÿQ
$1'—ÿ.Gý"ÿ[ü_ScsEü®ý$.&MGý$¹ý"þ‹3&3ý$&Gý'ÿ[üÿ
$.
(+8iSüRÑ
Ð
ò

]3ý=<üzt@&.ÿ ÿ Sÿ&ÜEüÿ ü k&ü.ÿ ý 82.ÙSý[3S
äå
Ñ$Ñ

ÐÙÿ‡Ð
ãð
ã
Ñl+ƒ;³þ<;ý12q;ýlGý$<
$
$$][üÞý
ý'þz ÿ™ÿ
×
ï
(+8iSüRÑÐÿ ü
ý"þf$
ÿ?U
.
ÿ üO…QU3ü.ÿ8'

û^ü¾ý$*
$Gý"ÿ[üòÿ üOt§+
7ƒ
}|
æ
€+.ûeýs*[ÿ8
Ð
ý$9
2’
'ÿ ü
|‘

2’
'ÿ ü
|‘
i
È
M
‰

‰
4”

å
Þ
i
È

M ’-“Uå
O ‰
M ’4“
‰

O
Þ
Þ
Þ
O
M 4’ “Uå
‰
O ‰
Þ
M ’4“/”•“
Ð ÿ
Ë Ñ
È
Ð
† Ñ
Þ
6n–
ì
K
É
i
í 
û
Ëã ð
Ð
Þ
Ëã ñ Ñ
Þ
Ã
M ”•“Uå
Þ
Þ
Ã
r
Ëã
O
(+ÓÑ
Ð
O
Þ
ü
[
(+Ó(i5Ñ
Ð
ZÞ
î
Ð
… †
Ð
(+ÓrRÑ
ò
Šþ
$
–
È
;³þC .ÿ ü n
i5
i
å
A—R˜
T ˆ V
‰ T
r
›š
ý.]
$Gý&
$
™
ï
V T
ï
V
å
É
™È
ï
×
ß
(+Ó|@Ñ
JN
$`Ÿÿ ü *>ý"þ &+ý$ ÿ ™ÿ 6
ý
[;ýl+ÿ ÿ ý2AÄý'þ
.ÿ$
_.þ J ÿ >&+ü
$ý'þ6[ü.ÿ
c
6
Æ
d
ô
Æ
Fœœ
ý'ÿ[ü
œ
œœ ’ æ
È
G
Ð
(+ÓEÑ
Gn
šP›Pœ‡ž#Ÿ ¡¢9ž=›NŸ£œ=¤Ÿ££1œ‡ zU›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
Eü_*[ÿ8
$š XÑ
ÈÊÉ
Ð
† Ð
Ñ
Þ
ŸŠ
;³þ.ÿŠÿc/
.
$`I0
$$& 1
ý +
ý"þ_ .
ÿ ü(
ý.]
$Gý&
$
ÿ
6–
ì
õ
ï
äå
6
X
í 
û
ñ
Þ
žX
r
Ã
Z
Þ î
ü ÿ`Ký"þ6tn&+ÿ ÿ
'ÿ&
Ð
$_t§+
ý$/U
Gý$&
$+9;³þ+ÿ
i+h|RüRÑ ÑJIý"þ>þ+ÿ*[þ()
Ð
ý$/U
Gý$&
$.$1
›šzÈ
EüŽ 2n.—ýEý'ÿ12"
$10þÎý"þ<.Eü()Kk“&
+‡;³þ.ÿc.EüSý$
Gý$Šý"þGý³ý'þ6ÙSý[3S &
$
$Sý$
$ý'þ6.Eü()‘k
'ÿ
p:
S
Jnt§+
•»ÿ X
ý
]<üŠEü
Ð
ý"ÿ
(+ÓxRш'þ5c
ý"þ6
Sÿ ý'ÿ1
€
ï
G"
3&uý&Gý'ÿ[ü{Gü
]<þS,ÿ&
+
ý"þGýIý"þ[ .
ÿ ü(+ý.]
$Gý&
[U/‡Gü.ÿ Eý
.ÿ
C‡+ˆ;
ý"þ=
'ÿ<ü¾ýlý"ÿEü†&ý'þ<üSÿ ý2†
$k
³þÄþ.ÿ*Eþ;ýˆ .
ÿ ünŸý)
¡
]
ý&
f
$ UEü¹ýiý'þfU
$]<ü+ÿ&M
0
'ÿ3ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[üzŠÿ
ý"þ
È
=†
.ÿ3ý³ý'þ6U
$]<ü.ÿ&
[
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[üiý/]1
s]S5ý'þ6$.ÿ
¢ oô £¥¤
(+ÓxRÑ
Ð
ò
3&3ý$&Gý'ÿ[üÎý"þ
%2JŠþ
$š.È’É 
&
$Qý
'þ1
$Gý ÿ™ÿ ý»þf:k&ü.ÿ ýC .
ÿ ü(
›š

K
É
i
G
G
i5і+‹;³þ@&J
Ð
×
×
ü (K+
b0&
[S2ˆ(G
ý"ÿ üº
* ý"þ6 .ÿ ünhý/]
ý&
»ÿ[t@&.ÿ8<ü¾ýŠýRý'þ
Ö5ÿ
ÿ ü1
>Sý.ÿ ÿ ý2Eü82n'ÿ[”ý'þ‹. ÿ ý$&{t@&Gý'ÿ[ü
s¦
i
É
ß
À
È
ÀÂ
c
Ð
É
d
Æ
ô
XÑ
Æ
ýRý'þ?k
$;ý{
$
ÿ ü
Í
c
õ
É
;³þ6*
5³ý'þ:
$Gý60þGü*ÿ $
ý ['ÿ*[ü_Gý
&§
û^ü
¨ª©¬«<rŠ½­«®©_¾<³v{
ý"þ4
$—ÿ&?
6
Ð
aK
É
i
È
$&+ý"ÿ[ü
Ñ

Æ
d
ô
È
Fœœ
œœ ’ Æ
œ
(+ÓûÑ
Ð
È
G/=†c
Sÿ ý 
¯°

;¦«ÿ<ü¾ý"ÿ8â2Îý"þ®ÿ ü ;ýl.ÿ ÿ ý2CÒý'þ4&+ü.ÿ
Eü
i
É
G
ÃqÍ
æ
Ð
(+ÓüRÑ
Ð
G(JŠþ.ÿ0þ>ÿ[t]+
š
g :
n+—EÑ+
¯m¸?·[¼Šµ
¶·
¸
3ý'ÿ[üO=$ &/
ý"þýKý"þ(3ÿ ý2:
$kºÿ üO. ýKÿKÿ<ü¾ý"ÿ1
ýRý'þ‹ ÿ:o&3ý'ý$?3S
Ä
È
ïuó=ô ð
;³þ@&J(KþS¹ÿ*[ü
$n1U ý Gý'ÿ[ü#¸ý"þQ35Ž& R2Þý'þÐÿ
Sý$
$&uý&
ü.þ/*3ü&
†N/ ý +‡Ò{
$6‹
$$3üŸýQ[ü?S2Îý$Þÿ ü $]
Gý$Ký"þ$† $
ý $Gý"ÿ[ü³ÿ
ý"þý'þ
ü¾ý$
2.ÿ$&$ mDhExHj+
û‘§c
$&/
3ü'ÿ 
ý 2
$k
t@&ý"ÿEü
(+Ó~RÑ
Ð
Á
ý'þGýÒý'þn<ÿ ý2†
$kÄÿ üSýlGüŸýEü&$82+ý$Jý00þEü*Iÿ ü
ÐÖ
ÑJ={Eü.&$³ý"þ[SŠÿ ü *0..3üŸý$&ŒMEü
Ç
h
±°
ì
Ð
Á
³²
Ñ
Ç
±´oh
h3´n^µ
ÓÇ
Ð
ý'þ
e{S
,ÿ
%)‰‚,ý`Ñ
ò
¶
È
Ç
Ð
(+FrGRÑ
·
¡¢ ¢^›U«=ª# ­cª§«©
º¹
Šþ
$
òÿ=‹n<ÿ ý2kPJ
ý"þ‹
$
s
/3ý$
JEü
¶°
Á ÑÒÿ>6,ÿ$'ÿ ý2Šþ.ÿ0þC]<ü[ü«ý"þQn1&s
Ð
Á
ÿ [
$ &
$+=;¦©ý"þ?k
Sýs
$
Šÿ ü
=†Eüc
'ÿ ý$
°
Šÿ
¬»
ý'þ
È
° åQ °
Gn¸
œ=¤øӚzŸ¬n¬(ŸnšžX¥
È
Ñ
ÐÙÖ
°
æ
°
Ã
Á
å
Ñ
ÐÖ
(+Fri5Ñ
Ð
]<ÿ ü */ ¶ü@&4U
+‡…Q $&™ÿ ü *Rý'þGýc(l`C]2n/
>/ ý c
æ
ÿ ü/
$$SÿJ(=‹&$
Ç
ý–'&†
$&
‹
Ôt]+
n+ÓrGÑ+
Ð
¹
ý"þ<ü_t§+
Ð
¹
Æ
È
G
(+FrRÑ
Ð
û‘ˆ=6$
Gý$»ý'þ‹ ÿ_o&3ýSý63S
Èyï\ó=ô ð
(+FrrRÑ
L¼×
Ã
Ð
(+FrGRÑ>
$Šÿ _
ü
v&
Sÿ
$
½
ÐÙÿ
»
ï
¿¾
ÈTÉ
Ñ
Á]ë
À
ã
»
Ñ
Ðÿ
Ã
ã
ÄÃ
#
é
Á]ë
oÁÂ
ä
Ã
&% ½
ÐÙÿN×
Ñ
Å
Ñ
^%
Ð
(+Fr|@Ñ
Ð
Šþ
$
h
À
Â
Ðÿ
È
Ñ
W%
ÐÙÿN×
$Æ
h
ÅË
ȁ
Ëã ð
Ñ
Ëã

ñ
Ñ
ÐÙÿ
Ë
Ð ÿÆ
3Æ
Ëã ñ
Ã
ÉwËã
Ñ
%Ë
ð
h ÐÙÿ
ÅË É
Ñ
(+FrREÑ
h
Ð
Ë
Ð ÿÆ
Í
%Ë
Ñ
(+FrxRÑ
Ð
Eü
h
Æ
ûeýc
h
ÐÙÿ
Ñ
È
Í
­»
&+ý'ÿ[üÎÿ>&.ü:sfUS=
c$
'ÿÿ
½
½ å ÐÙÿ ½ ?È å
Ǿ
ÈTÉ
Ñ
ÐÙÿ
Ñ
ïCÁ]ë
À
ã
¾
ÈwÉ
ï
ÐÙÿ
È
Ñ
Ðÿ
ƒ
ü
? ½ ?
Ðÿ
-» ?
Ñ
+
,7Ï$Ï$Ï ÌË Í+
Á
äoËÌÎ ÍÑ, Ë3͞+ Î
\ ? ä
Ð
ý"þ.ÿ87.& ý2ÿ ü†k&ü.ÿ
t§+
Ð
(+Ó~RÑ Ñ>Šÿ
Èyï
äå
À
Ð
\ ?
äå
Ñ
‘B
Aþ
8
ó#ô ð
3ýÿ
ü¾ý$f&
³ý"þ
2+
ý'þ$.»ý
SÿMEü*&M
[Sþ]
ý"þ_EüeUuý"ÿ8‹'þ
c
Gý$
¹
\ ?
×
ËÌÍ+
n+i5і«
+ ûeý‹Š
ÿKJ
Ð
ü*ý"þ=UGý<ü¾ý'ÿM :+ˆ;³þ
$
$J
ü¾ý
$n&Ký"þþR2n
$n2,ü™ÿ6e
v¹
Ð
Þ
Ñ
ÿ üòý"þ/2,ü™ÿt@&ý"ÿEü
YL3ý0&?$ &/®ý"þGýÐý'þ
$Z(3ÿ 
ý 2
k
³ý"þ† ÿ [ü
(+FrüRÑ
Ð
Ñ
;³þ.ÿ† &+ý'ÿ[üAEüPJJÿ g
ü
'ÿ ü <ÿJZ].&$
=†0þn †GüEý"þ
[>12iý$Þÿ
(+FrRûÑ
Ð
å
+
ÉÌË3͞+Á§ë
Á
iÊiÊi Ê äoÎ
Î
+
ϛÏ$Ï
Ð Â ÐÙÿˆ× \ å Ñ
Â
1 Ëã
&É$+
é
ã
þS=
JRSÿ*[ü.ÿ8k1GüŸý$2ÿ ü
h
Ëã
É
ï
8
Ð
(+Fr~RÑ
G˜
šP›Pœ‡ž#Ÿ ¡¢9ž=›NŸ£œ=¤Ÿ££1œ‡ zU›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
Ò{
$
ý'þf
$4Iý"þºþR2n
ï
ï
Ҁ
(2,üÞÿeUuý¹ÿý
<ü
ÿ ”»ý'þSþ1
?
$Gý†[ü82U¿
ï
+‡;³þ6eU3ý'ÿ†Sþ1
c
$Gý
8
ï
1Gü:]?&.ü
$#ý"þ6
Mý"ÿEü
8
´
$Ó
È
8
ë
ÿ ñ
æ Ç
ð
(+h|RGRÑ
Ð
Šþ.ÿ0þ.Sÿ/2»ýˆ&Iý"þGýIý'þceUuý"ÿ{Sþ1
#
$GýÄý'ÿ/Jý'þs1
$*c,ÿ$'ÿ 
ý 2
t@&±ýºý"þ‹Sþ1
s;ý
$+=;³þ‹Gý'ý$
>EüU?&MýCŠÿ
ï
È
8
ï
i
ì
Xt§+
(+h|@Ñ+
Ð
Sý³ý$
$
Á
oÁ
ä
ý"þ
Ø
È
Õ Á]ë
Á
oÁ Á
ä
GRÿ c
ý
$&Šý
ÿ
Á
oÁ
ä
Á
Ëã ñ
Á
ð
Â
Ñ
^%
Ð
Ñ
Ñ
&% À 'Ð %
ÐÿN×
üŸý$
Ñ þ
'%
Ð
É
Ð
¡Ô•ÕIÖ9֕×zÖ&ØÌÔ^ÙÛڞÖ
Sý$ÿ
'þ
ü
ý"þ
U3ü/[üqý"þSþ1

$Gý
ï
$t]+ n+—rÑ$ÑJ=Eü J ý'þ
J#[ü¾ý
Sÿ&—ý/
Ð
Ð
+Š…{×ý
Šÿ ü¾ý*
Gý'ÿ[üC=‹+ýlGÿ ü
8
ï
Èyï
8
i
ì

Ã
;³þ.ÿt@&ý"ÿEü1Gü]Q& iý†[üSý
&3ý
Œc
ï
<ÿ ü*
Šÿ
Šÿ
ÿ ü6t@+
8
­»
ü
‚—ÿ ü ï
ý"þ
(+iSûÑJ
Ð
D /É
Ð
Ð
Ã
» X
ñ
Þ
ì 
Ð
³B
B
È
Cÿ['ÿ2C+ýlEÿ

’
é
æ
| b0+ý"ÿÞÿ”1Gý'ÿ[ü/Šÿ
Ú
LK
Ñ
Ð

Ã
ý'þ_
Ð
Ú
Ð
Þ
Ã
‘ Ü
U3ýýRý"þ‹/ ÿ ý&
Þ
È
å
Þ
Þ
Þ
Ð
ì 
Ð
i
aK
É
Ð
Ñ
Ð
ò
r
(+h||@Ñ
Ð
&.ü ÿ `Ot§+

Ã
6
Ð
» X ñ › š ˆÑ
Þ
Þ
Ð
(+8i5ûÑ ÑJÐý'þ
(+h|@EÑ
Ð
ò
*[ÿ8
$ š XÑ Éa
Ð
ÉaK Ñ
» X ñ $ š XÑ
Ã
6Þ Þ Þ Ð
i
(+h|RrRÑ
n+—xÑJ1=#k&ü»ý$Šý'þ‡.ÿ ü *
Ð
» X ñ ›š ˆÑ
r
i
¥›š ˆÑH
D /É
Ñ
#ÿ ü™ý"þ{Sý
[
ü*)‘'þ
# ÿ™ÿ ý+
(+ÓrRё)
(+h||@ÑCžüEý_]<üy[ü
Ð
üR2Îÿ üŸý$*
$Gý"ÿ[ü
È
Ñ
'%
Ð
þ.ÿ*[þ
Ð
ý"þg(7.3ÿ3üŸý$ÿ üŽt§+
]Eý3üŸý'ÿM
;#
IB
É
i
(+h|@Ñ
Ð
Þ ò
ý"þ{UGý<ü¾ý'ÿM
(+8i1|@іJIEü
i
¥›š XщH
È
Þ
&—ý"ÿEü
Ñ
%
ÿ üiý'þ?
$,ÿ&[t@&Gý"ÿ[ü1Gü_]?™ÿ ýSý'ÿ üÐý'þ¹ÿ ü¾ý*
c
$
$3ý'ÿ[üÎý
(+h|i5Ñ
Ð
ò
ØJUŠþ.ÿ0þ¿ÿ01
*AS
þ
Ã
Ð
Ã
G+=‚—ÿ ü ?†
$ÿ
Šÿ
oÁ Á
€
Õ Á
;³þ0k
Á§ë‹È
æ
Á
ä
ý"þ6 ÿ™ÿ ý
û^ü
Á]ë
ÿ
$Ó
礑
ýJ]fEüO
$M
» ë› Ó $é #
Þ
æ
Ã
ë
Šþ
$6»þ1‹&$z ÿ Ã
ý"þÎý"þ¹þ_ˆt]+
ÿ
æ
n+Ór|RÑ
°
(+h|RxRÑ
Ð
Eü
B
Ð
XÑ
ÈwÉ
Ð
i
› š ˆÑ É¥ Ñ
Þ
Ð
ÉLK Ñ
» X ñ $š XÑ
Ã
Ð
Þ
Þ
Ü6
Ð
Ð
(+h|@ûÑ
Ý
‘m Dޟ z¬n §­s¤¥§¤0œ‡££ßmLžN­u£1œ‡ ³kXŸmj¥›NŸœ‡ < œ(ž=ŸC÷ZŸ›Pœ‘Þøh­[¨ˆ GnG
¡¢ @¢mšL §­‡¥@¥ K­
àB
;³þzb?€0;
È
ý
$EüSÿ ý"ÿ[ümn&
$Šþ<ü
ÿ<ü¾ý"ÿ1¶ý$t§+
Ð
(+ÓxRÑ+
û^ü_
$
Äýk&ü
Bãâ
ÈTÉ
Eü
Bzä
Ð
ý"þ‹;ýl?
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[üC‹.
$
ÈTÉ
ä Éa
i ÉLK
Ð
Ñ
Šþ.ÿ0þQÿ
(+h|RüRÑ
Ð
Þ
(+h|R~RÑ
Ð
Ñ
Ð
fŠt§+
á
È
›š ˆÑ–J=
ý"þ
$
$J
M- â Éa Þ
O » â
É¥K Ñ
Ã
Þ
Ü6
i
Ð
GJ=EüPJ
(+—xRÑ>*[ÿ
Ð
äFå $šxM X
Eü\=OEük
$
È
Z
Þ
i
âså ›šsM X
Oçæ
:‰J
10þ?$/†&
ý
$Eü%
$/
ÿ üŸý$
hý'þ]
B â
È
r
É
ž»

í i
Þ
È
: €
G(Jhý"þ<ü
í€
z
É
ÿ üÎý'þ?ŠþKý$/U
Gý$&
$6
$Eü*¹ÿ ü
ð
ñòrŠ½/µNµu§½ïó/¸ºr
¯°
(+ÓEGRÑ
Ð
ý'þGýiý'þO]
$]<ü.ÿ&M
:
ÿ=&.üC
$
é
î
ý'þ0[ü.ÿ ý"ÿEü
K
i1|‘»
r
É
Ð
(+ÓE(i5Ñ
Þ
Ù8Ñ ãê €ìë $
>î ÙÛÙ8Ñ 8U= *
ï
üEý#U3ü[ü™ý"þcSþ1
#
ý{
ï»
3ý'ÿ[ü
ä
â
É
;³þ‹M;ýct@&Gý'ÿ[ü>þŠý=]& M
ÿ 1Gý$&
$¿
eUuý6Eü<&+ý
×
O
U3ü.ÿ&M
Q
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[ü:]/0&.üSýlfGü
:Ré
è
i
ý'þ. .
ÿ ü(K+Òs5=
J‡»ý'þÞý$/U
I)
ý"þ0
$§[ü+Š;³þKý.]
$Gý&
Bzä
n
È
Þ
ý"þz
$.ÿuý"ÿEüu¹ý"þO
$,ÿ&C
M.Mf
$/SýÞÿ./.ÿGý2:US
ý&
$
ñ
Äý'þ
Eü'ÿ ý"ÿ[üÎý/]
ý&
ý
Iÿ
Ðü
3ý
ý'þ
þR2n
(2,üÞÿ
EüØý"þ4U
$]<ü.ÿ&
Q/6
4Sý
ý'þ6Sý$
$[ü*I)'þ1
c ÿÞÿ ý1+
ôõrŠ½¿{
s{
vö›öÌu
µ
³
ö³vrt¸u]µsw<¸Q³vr
¼N½
rŠ³†¼ˆ¸
÷ º
¸ w<³ ó_¶½/»<r
û^ü
ý"þ.ÿ0$3ý'ÿ[üO=Eü82(”ºý"þºý$
Eü'ÿ ý'ÿ[ü:
$
ý"þf]
U3ü.ÿ&
Ðý
X
Sÿ8)
<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[ü"1&$^R2g
$$³ý'þCSþ1
4
Gý$+z,gCSý
Sý†Šÿ
Sý$
$&uý&
‹Ù3ý
äå
ÐÙÿ
Ñ
Ðÿ
È
ÑJ(Šþ.ÿ0þ>ÿ
æ
äå
ÐÙÿ
Ñ
ü¾ý
$]Mý[]3ý=3ü
ƒ äå
Ã
c
É
ÐÙÿ
ô
Ë
ÿ
Æ
Ñd
Ñ
æ
7ƒ
Eü
ý'þ"t§+
Ð
(+ÓGRы
»ý'þ
È
Ë
ã
Æ .
ÿ ÃyÐ
É
ã
æ
Ñ
Þ
Ã
„
E}ãð5ãñ‡E
ï
i
æ
í
ß
… †
Þ
6
î
bKüf'þ&O
1 ÿ ”®ý"þGýÐý"þf
,ÿ&0t@&ý"ÿEü¿ÿ?EüAEü2Ÿý"ÿ4[ü¾ý"ÿ @
ü &ý"ÿEü<
ý"þ
ï
€

]<þS,ÿ&
©ý
ï
ø‚
t§+
(+ÓGRÑ?(®üEý‹
$ UEü
Ð
ï
EüŸý$
%2JIÿ ý$
Sÿ]ºý'þ
õ
áj
&+Ž…Qg
$$& 1
ý Jc9$.à) ï
ý
Ð
ý"þ
ª€
ï
G]<þ1,ÿ&
†t§+
i5ы
*[ÿ[üP+A‚,ÿ
]<þ1,ÿ&
(+8iSüRі+K
b ü¿ý'þ
Ð
ü–'(U3ýRý"þ
$$%)‘S
ºý$
Gnù
šP›Pœ‡ž#Ÿ ¡¢9ž=›NŸ£œ=¤Ÿ££1œ‡ zU›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
M12qÿ (
ü )]3ý=3ü
3&uý&ý"ÿEü¿ÿ
[
ü¾ý*
Sý$+vJÿ
SýJ¦=&
;ýŠÿ ü
t§+
[
Ð ÿ
Eü
ï
„
Ð
Ÿé
Ë Ñ
ã
„
æÞ
ˆ 6
iSx
È
å
Ð ÿ
‰
å
M
t§+
í
(+ÓGRÑKý_]
$
Ð
… † î
É
L
K M Ë Ë
ÿ_Æ %
E ÅË ð ÅË ñoE å 6 O
ï
| Â
ˆ
Þ
Ã
ì 
ˆ
6
~ ¦Ñ å
å
iEü
ý'þ
Ð ÿ
… †
üˆ
È
'(
$Sÿ[üf`.ÿ ü *O[ü2
žˆ
ÛXÉ
|
ˆ
|
Þ
Þ
å

Ü
È
È
… ˆ ‰ M
O
M å6—
‰
— O
M å 6
‰
O
… —ˆ
… ž| ˆ „
Þ
ì
LK
í
Ü
Šþ
$
È
r
É
ì
å
ï ™
… † 
ï
ì
È

Þ
6 Ã
î
È

K
É
i
Ð
û
Ëã ð
Ð
Þ

ò
Ã
Ëã ñ Ñ
Þ
Ã
å
Þ
M
O
‰

Ëã ñ
Ëã
Þ
Þ
Þ
Sÿ ü
Ëã
Ñ
ZÞ
æÞ
6
Ëã ñ Ñ
Þ
Ã
r
Ã
Þ î
Ã
Ëã
i
.+Øû^ü¾ý–)
Á
Ž |
ZÞ
î
Ñ
ý"þ<ü
ò
Ð
ò
(+ÓErRÑ
ò
™=È>
6
åå
M
Ëã ð
Ð
ï
×
‰
ý
P
ï
ü¾ý*
Gü_
— Z Ã
6
… ˆ ‰ M
O
M— å
‰
—
ˆ
… ‰ M å
O
M — åå
‰
—
í
(+ÓEÑ
Ð
ò
;
LK
Ëã ð
î
ý'þÜk
$Sý
É
å
ì
r
… †
ï
;
å ; æŽ
%Ë Ð | Â
m
|
i
r
6 …
 å
Ã
K
É
í i
Þ
Ã
í
6Wþÿ
å
ß
+>…Q{Þü–',ýQ;ý:†'(Eüý"þ»ÿ
*[ÿ8
Ë Ñ
æ
*
$Gý"ÿ[üS
Äý"þQ
'ÿ<ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[ü=äý'þ0&.ü.ÿ ý
3ý$
[
„
å
E Å Ë ð ÅË ñE å 6
ã
üûý
$3ýEü
6 O QÐ
m &
ÿ ü¾ý$*
$Gý"ÿ[üA5
»ý"þ/
+ÿM
6
å
ß
i
é

ï
õ
i5ÑE
ü
$[
* ÿE
üJ=Ø
üž
ýg1&Gýiý'þ
Ð
Ë ÑKÿ n
ü )]3ý=<ü¿ý"þ$/
$*[ÿ[ü+f;³þ.ÿ‹Eü9U[ü™ÿ üA$
$
Ñ0
Ð ÿ
Ù
(+8iSrRі+‡;³þ.ÿc*[ÿ8
Ð
Šþ
$
€
új
ï
ý"þ
— O
—
— O
O
… †
ß
È
È
‰


‰
M
‰
‰
— OM
Þ
å
M 6
— O
M å
‰
O
Þ O
M åå —
‰
— O
M 6
O
Þ
Þ
;³þ.ÿ[
$n&
$6
ÿ >Eü:Rü@&]
[ˆ
$1'—ÿ.Gý'ÿ[ü+ŠÒ{S=
J]EüR2+ÿ
$3ýsEü8)
2n'ÿsˆt]+
n+iSx³
Ñ ÿ³ÿ/U$'ÿQEü6& †t§+ (+—ErRÑ
[.n
Gý$?'þ
c
Gý$+
Ð
Ð
;³þ
‰).ÿ$
Šý
$EüSÿ ý"ÿ[ü
b?€0;sÑcn&
$sŠþ<ü
]. ü*RGý'ÿ+s;³þ
Ð
$
$$][
ü.
ÿ üR
* ý
$E
ü'ÿ ý"ÿ[
üiý.]
$G
ý&
?5c=
$´t§+ (+h|@ûÑ
Ð
NB
›š XÑ
Ð
;³þ6
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[üŠÿ
ý'þÎý"þ?5=;ý
[
Šÿ
ÈTÉ
[ Ð ˆÑ
Ð
(+ÓE|@Ñ
]1
³ÿ./.ÿGý2]5 ý"þ‹b6€0;›ý)
]
ý&
+ˆ;³þ[
$$%)‘S
Iÿ”ý'þ<üf(GýfGýN &0þ/Q&= ï
ý'þGý
[ â
É
[ ä
0þEü*
Ý
‘m Dޟ z¬n §­s¤¥§¤0œ‡££ßmLžN­u£1œ‡ ³kXŸmj¥›NŸœ‡ < œ(ž=ŸC÷ZŸ›Pœ‘Þøh­[¨ˆ G
¡¢ @¢mšL §­‡¥@¥ K­
Dcr
D
τ
τ
−τ
vJÿ*&
$(+i¿_‚(0þ.Gý'ÿU3þ1,ÿ&
f
Eü_]
$]<ü.ÿ&M
'ÿ<ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[ü³ÿ
ÿ ý$['ÿ*[üP+‡v
$´t§+
[ â
É
Ð
(+ÓErRÑ
ý.]
$Gý&
$f
ºý'þ
$
ý"þ+ÿ[][ÿ ü¾ýŠÿ[*Eÿ3ü@2
6 i
[ äzõ
ý'þ$.ÿ ü(
üÎý"þ?,ÿ3ÿ ü.ÿ ý2”ý'þ6
$$$S
Q][ÿ üŸý+
Ð
r
É
žˆ
|
Ñ
Ã
Þ
Þ
6 …
Þ Rå
û
—
r
É
Þ Ð
Ã
È
Ñ
G
(+ÓEEÑ
Ð
Eü>ÿ>&.üÎý/U
éƒ|
ï
v
$
t§+
(+ÓEEK
Ñ ÿ ý6 CSc
Ð
'þ1
?]<þ1,ÿ&
?.ÿ & $ëÿ ü
šâ ø
ý"þGý
ý"þf
6D
ß †
iSG
Æ
šä
ï
ï
æ
(+ÓExRÑ
Ð
JPŠþ+ÿ0þOk.ý¹ý'þfSý$
$[ü*I)
ªøwï
ï
,ÿ&?$3ý"ÿ[üP+‹,›þ<ü
J±ý'þf
$
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[ü0k
$;ýNU
$Z]5ëý"þ‡ .ÿ ü nj+Z;³þ.ÿZ
$‰)S
”ÿZ.ÿ3ý$»ÿ †
ü
vJÿ*+Ó(+8i+
…Q>ÿ ý
üEý"ÿaU
$qDhEr(J{Ex5HKJKý'þg/1Gü()‘k
ý"þ< ÿÞÿ ý
ï
€

3&uý&ý"ÿEü+.;³þn&J
+TbKü
ï
ý'þOEý"þ
iþGüPJŠý"þ<
1EügU™ÿ
(+ÓExRÑ0G
üA
$f3ý
$™ÿ üOR2
Ð
Dái5EnJLiS|J|@E@J]EEIH
ã
ã
Ñ
ß
æÞ
Ð
Ð æ
å
Q
Šÿ
ý"þ
õ
ß
ãŠ{
+
üÎý"þ6
'ÿ ü*iý"þf
$
«ÿ üQý"þz ÿÞÿ ý
$& ý ‡
$Äÿ ü ]<ü<ü¾ý#
,ÿ&s uý"ÿEüP+
5-
$
& $
ý ?
ü
Ð
t@&.ÿ ÿ 'ÿ&aý"þ6.6Eü&'ÿ[ü>c
$1ŠüØÿ g
ü
D}xRûnJ§xüIHj+
ý"þGýÒý"þ$c
ÿ ü
%)‘5
‹
$
6
Šþ.ÿ0þ\'þSc«ý'þGýÞý"þ_3&3ý$&Gý'ÿ[ü“
$*Eÿ[ü^.ÿ$]1
$
$3ý'ÿ[üc.ÿ$&$ Øÿ
ï
$!Dài5I|J|@EIHMÑ==†—ýlEÿ
ä
;ý
*[ÿ[üÆÿ.™ÿ ü ýq@2
1 ÿ ü*{
$]
;ý"ÿN
ý"þ/bKü$*
?n7/<ÿ<ü¾ý
ï
vJÿ ü 82J5c/.þ'ÿ”
ÿ_
ü¾ý$
$
$3ý$-»ý'þU'ÿ ý'ÿ[üA>_
$
ý"þ3&uý&Gý'ÿ[ü®ý0/1Eün)‘k4]<þS,ÿ&
+X;³þ>
t§+
8) ï
U3þ1,ÿ&
ý"þ³þR2n
€

(+ÓEûÑ
+ û^ü
(2,üÞÿ
G§™
šP›Pœ‡ž#Ÿ ¡¢9ž=›NŸ£œ=¤Ÿ££1œ‡ zU›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
¯°
¿u xw
¸0³
]µ
vr
r‡¸ t.¶›{
<¸0³
¸
,›þ3üý"þ‹Sþ1
s
$Gýÿ>
%2_$.]‹'(]3ýý"þGýŠý"þ?3SƒEü2 ÿ *[þ¾ý2./(.ÿ8k
ý"þ†tn&+ÿ ÿ
'ÿ&´3&3ý$&Gý"ÿ[üz
t§+
Ð
U3ý$
$&_+[;³þ
J]†1Eü<>ý"þ†$&+ý"ÿ[ü
(+8iSxRÑ[c]
Sý$&
$Gý"ÿ[ü$
'ÿ
È
ÐÙÿ
Ñ
ï
Ñ
æ ÐÙÿ
ï
ÿ ü
Ã
å Ðÿ
 ß
ï
Ñ
í
Ã
Þ
î
 ß
Ñ
Ðÿ
Þ
Ã
(+ÓEüRÑ
ÆSÆSÆ
Ð
Šþ
$
å ÐÙÿ
È
‚(&Sý"ÿ ý &+ý'ÿ ü *Rý'þ6'(
$$Sÿ[ü_
Þ
ÐÙÿ
æ
È

Ñ
È

t§+
Ð
Þ
À
x
ì
Ëã
Ñ
æ ÐÙÿ
fN&
DFExIHL
[uýlEÿÑ+
Ð
[
Šÿ
[
È
Ñ
Ðÿ
[
Gý"ÿ[ü
ï
Ñ
æ Ðÿ
í
Ã
Þ
É
ã
Ð
Jt§+
[
î
 ß
ã
æ
Ñ
É
Þ
i
[
æ ÐÙÿ
[
† r
i
h
`g
Šþ
$
<üEý»ý'þRý

c
È
Ã
g
È
K
í
ï
Ëã ñ
Ã
Þ
Þ
Ã
i
r
û
ZÞ V
Ëã
Ã
K † ~G c 6
X V
ZÞ
r
(+Fx|@Ñ
Ð
Ã
i
ñ
Ð
(+FxrRÑ
ÆSÆSÆ
Þ
(+FxREÑ
Ð
ò
Ë
Ë È
i ÿ?×
™
ýÿ üA
$
Ký $GýRý'þ
ÿ
z
Æ ÿ
(+i|@Ñ+Š;³þ‹$
$Gý"ÿ[ü*[ÿ
Ð
Ä † g
x c 6
Þ
† Ñ 6 Eˆ
i
… c
Ã
T  ïǙ V
h
X X
Þ
Ã
ï
É"K
T   V
É
h
Þ
X
T
Þ
ý"þ/3&3ý&Gý"ÿ[ü
JXGü
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[ü()]<ü3ü¾ý³ý
.Šÿ _
ü
t§+
† Þ
c
Ëã ð
T
rE
iSG
Ã
K Ã
x
K
É
ì i5E
Ã
Ð
Ä
† g
c 6 Þ
i
Ë
Ë Ñ
Ð ÿ
Æ ÿ
ò
Ä
¿g
K
É
i
… c ì
† Þ ÑE ˆ
ÈwÉ
c Þ ü
Ñ
ÐÙÿ
Þ
È
Ñ
(+FxRÑ
Ð
ò
(+8iSrRіJ1Äý
Ñ
Ðÿ
Þ
ý'þ
(+Fxi5Ñ
Ð
Šþ
$.=™þ1
$]-”ý"þ©ý
$/ý'þGý‹üEý‹[ü¾ý$
'ÿ&+ýRý
ÿ ü¾ý$*
$
(+FxGRÑ
Ð
ü
ih h
-g
Ñ
æ Ðÿ
ãñ î
Ë Ñ
Ð ÿ
Ñ Ëã ñ ã ð
Þ
Þ
Ü
À
Ñ
(+ÓE~RÑ
Ð
(+8i5EÑ Ñ=‹+ýEÿ
Ð
$Æ
æ ÐÙÿ
Ñ
æ Ð ÿ
À ãñ
æ Ðÿ
Ëã ð ]ñ
Ñ æ ÐÙÿ
À
Ñ
æ Ðÿ
í ãð
6
Ñ
å ÐÙÿ
ãð
Ñ
ÐÙÿ
Þ
È
Ñ
Ã
Þ
Ð
c
i
Þ
r
h
Þ
† ü
… c Í î
† Ñ6 ˆ
Ð
c Þ Ex
i
û
Ã
ì i5E
K † ~G c 6
K Ã
Þ
ì Í
h
ð
Í
ð
Ã^Í
c
iSG
h
ñ
Í
ñ
Ã
i
r
Í
Þ
T
h
ZÍ Z
i
X
ò
ñ
Þ
Ã
r
X V
ÞZ
(+FxxRÑ
Ð
ò
Ð
(+FxRûÑ
"!
RkXŸR¥/­c¬/
¡¢ ¢^Ÿœ‡ P£‘«"¥Ržœ
;¦“` ý"þA5=;ýz
$
>ÿ
† Q c 6
È
Þ
ý
$/õ
Ï
G
ï
=†—ýlEÿ
Þ
ü
È
~R(J
Ï
+b0Þÿ
G§ú
›Pœ¦¥Ÿf¥ŸSœ‡ œ(ž=øh­[©
ï
ü
† Q c æ6
=9$&;ý"ÿ ý &+ý$¿ý'þAt@&.ÿ ÿ Sÿ&
Ï
È
c Q È
ii iiJE
ü 
$>t@+
Þ
Þ
Ð
ï
ý'ý'ÿ ü*iý'þGü*&
%)eÿ üU3ü3üŸý»ý
$/
c
$#
/É
È
È
c
Ð
å
Ã
#
i+F|xI)li+h|R~RÑ Ñÿ
Ð
K
æ
Ð
aj
Ñ6Gü
Ð
Þ
i
É
Ñ

Þ
Þ
æ Ñ
(+FxüRÑ
Ð
6
ý'þ
K X
… c
Ã
È
Ý
üŸý$
ï
† Ã
j
&C
(+Fx~RÑ
Ð
Šþ
$
#
å
#
$
ý'þGý
Ã
rR
ÈwÉ
Ý
Ð
† ˆÑ
Ð
Ñ

Ï
Ñ
6 † Ð
6 T
V
ï ™

Þ
6 T
V
ï ™

È
Þ
Ñ
Þ
X
T
rE
i
ñ
ñ
Þ
Ã
Þ
Ã
X V
ZÞ
r
Ð
ò
X V
ZÞ
r
(+ÓûGRÑ
(+Óû(i5Ñ
Ð
Þ
6 T
V
ï ™

Ï

GrGü
ï
Ð
Þ
i
Þ
ì i5E
Ã
ï
V
T Ç
ï ™
Ã
i
K
í
Þ
ì
É
E
Ï
G
ý'þGý®ý"þCb6€0;

rRE
GRxü
Ï Þ
Ã
Ï
G
6
Ï Þ
É
6
Ý
GREG
Þ
K
6
T
T
X
î
i
X
ñ
Þ
Ã
i
ñ
Þ
Ã
r
FX
þ.ÿ*[þ
s
Šý"þ
L
'ÿ<ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[ü
]S ý"þ6
•n.ÿ$
³ý
$EüSÿ
ý=Eü4&+ý
ý"ÿ[üP+
uý"ÿEü<ºþSºü*3ý
ï
8
é
ï
+ˆ‚—ÿ ü ý'þ
þ@2n
ñ
Þ
X V
ZÞ
r
X V
ZÞ
(+ÓûÑ
Ð
ò
Ð
ò
(+ÓûrRÑ
ý$/U
Gý$&
$Þÿ ü¿ý"þ/`)'þ1
f ÿ™ÿ ý¹ÿ
üÿ<ü¾ý"ÿ8â2¹ý"þ.ÿXe
3ý¦Šÿ
ý"þ»ý"þ=$&
$$'ÿ[ü
ý'ÿP3&uý&Gý'ÿ[ü+Q…{.ÿ ý"ÿEü82J&ÿ ýQSþScÐý"þýÐý"þb?€0;
ý"þ.ÿ{
Gü
і+Š;³þ.ÿc*[ÿ8c
Äý"þ†b?€0; ý$/U
Gý$&
$
6
ï
Ñ
ÈTÉ
6
† Ð
ý
M
$*
äý'þEü»ý"þ#t@&.ÿ ÿ 'ÿ&y[ü+X,g>*Eÿ
û^ü
K
Þ
T
E
i
X
IBÔ
Çj
Gf&
;³þCSý†t@&ý"ÿEü"'þSc
Òý'þ
'ÿ
Ã
ì i5E
ï
Þ
K
i
Þ
ü¾ý
$3ý$.;ý
[
ü*
/Šÿ ý"þQý'þ_
>
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[üqGü“=zEü
GrGü
6 † Ð
%'&(
Ñ
ï
6 † Ð
ÿ ý#Šÿ]Šý"þ{Sýls[ü+Š;X†'þS›ÿ ý#=Q&Gý$ý'þ{]Eý$<ü¾ý"ÿ
ˆÑ
Eˆ
Ð
Ý
r
Þ
@B
%'&(
ш
E
$¹ý'þ6t@&Gý'ÿ[ü
Ý
r
È
,g: ý'þGý.'þ
«ÿ
ш
E
È
È
ý.]
$Gý&
ÿ
ifEü:J¶ý"þ
$
$JP
$.ÿuýKÿ ý Q;ýl+ÿ ÿ ý2
ý"þ
þ@2n
((2—üÞÿ4
$
3ý'ÿ[ü
ýÞý"þ†'þ
((2—üÞÿ=
$
uý"ÿEüN$cÙ1&
ý"þ=
$
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[üPJ—ý'þ.ÿc$$&.+ý'ÿ[ünŠüGý{/n.ÿâ2/&
c
.ÿ3ý'ÿ[ü+
*)
+
¯°
û^ü
y³
ý"þ+ÿ
rŸöÌ©
ãt/¸0µ
µX¼N³
-,
ô <w<³µˆ¸
½
.,
µˆ¸
<³
r‡³‹¼Š¶½/¾
uý"ÿEü\O[ü'ÿ
.$/<2,üÞÿ1{$]uý¹ý'þ<
Sÿ3üŸýGý"ÿ[ü³ý$
Eü()
'ÿ ý"ÿ[ü+†pzGÿ ü82JU=f
$MI'ý"þfSý2R);ýlGý$$
&/+ý"ÿ[üO/S2
$3ý'ÿ[üˆEü;ý&(2®ý'þ
$826Sýl*X.ý"þ
•n.ÿ $
”ý$
Eü'ÿ
.ÿ$
Sÿ™ÿ ü ý[]3ý=<üÎý=fU$'ÿ.ÿ
ÿ ý'ÿ¿
Ù8Ñ
ý'ÿ[ü
ÿ ü
ý'þ
,ÿ&
+ˆb0&
¦*R,ÿý$
Iý'þQ
Sÿ3üŸýGý"ÿ[ü#'(0þEü*Ðý"þ<ÿ
=
$MGý'ÿ
ùIH
šP›Pœ‡ž#Ÿ ¡¢9ž=›NŸ£œ=¤Ÿ££1œ‡ zU›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
ÇÙÛÙ8Ñ6
Sý.ÿ ÿ ý2
ÿ üòý"ÿ/J¦
Eü.$/.
'ÿ3ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[ü9U/†Sý™ÿ ý†
$Gÿ ü6Sý
&.ü¾ý"ÿ+ý"þs;ý2f;ýlGý$ÿŠ
$0þ
ÿ Þÿ ý
Sÿ ü ÿ
+N,-c]
$
&
Š1&Gý"ÿ[ü”ÿ
üRý"þc;ý
$Eü*)Sþ1
ýŠÿÄý$0þ.ü+ÿ12.1'ÿ
+
û^ü“…{]<ü.ÿà'ŀ
þ1_SþSŠüQý'þGýºý'þSý
&3ý$&
$Ùuý
Rÿ
ü¢ý"þ
$*–)Sþ1
ý?
$*[ÿ/¹ÿ[*Eÿ3ü:R2
7ƒ
v
6 P
Â

ÐÙÿN×
 Ñ
 ß
È
r
6
å

!
i
‰ T
V
r
i
É
‰ T

×
r
6V *
Â
fŠ.S2
,ÿ ü*ºý'þ‹
 Ñ
ÐÙÿN×
È
S'—ÿGý'ÿ[üt§+
[
 Ñ
ÐÿN×
Â
 ß
[
å
Ñ
ÐÙÿ
Þ
Ð
† È
[
ŠÈ
r
ã
Þ
(+Óû|@Ñ
î
æ
Ð
ß
[ å…
[
ˆÉ

ˆ
È
…
r
6
ß
[
+ý"ÿ[ü”ý'þ‹/ ÿ ý&
$†$t§+
Ð
i
ï
Þ
Þ
K
É
ì i5E
i
Ëã ð
T
rRE
Þ
Ëã ñ
Ã
ýºý'þ0
+WþP+h+Iý$$
æ
ÿ
'ÿUzR2t]+
Þ
Ã
r
Ëã
ZÞ V
(+ÓûüRÑ
Ð
ò
&
$Ký'þ?
$3ýc]<þ1,ÿ&
i
È
D
[ Ð
Ã
Þÿ üEü¾ý
i
 яH
×
Ÿj
ý
Ã
.
Ð
Šý"þ4 ÿ ü1
cSý.ÿ ÿ ý2+s,g†Eü¾ýKý$C$ºþS

K
n+i5ûѳÿ8Z6
$Sý$
$¹ý"þ
$¹ý'þ
Ð
Šþ
${=ÿ*[ü
(+ÓûûÑ
Ð
VQ+FxRÑ$Ñ
Ð
| Â
ß
|
$/$.c$&U
É
Ð
üEýs/(+ÿâ2.&
[
$$& ý+
fN&
ý"ÿ.Q
SÿGý"ÿ8
(+ÓûxRÑ
Þ
î
r
(+ÓûxRÑ#=?&Îþ1†
G+Š;³þ.ÿJ&þS=
J§&
ü¾ý*
K
É
† Þ

Ñ Â
Ðÿ
Þ
(+ÓûEÑ
Ð
î
|
(+ÓGRы+ýEÿ C
ü
Äý"þ?3&uý&ý"ÿEü>ÿ
Ð
È
í i
6
Â

É
í i
Šþ
$
Gý
ãð5ãñ
í
iÿ c
ý
EüU‹
$1'—ÿ.Gý_R2gDáiSrr5H
7ƒ
û^üt§+

×
ï
 ß
È
6
(+Óû~RÑ
Ð
Ñ+X;³þ.ÿ#t@&Gý'ÿ[ü/1Gü]QEü2n”
ý"þ®þ/*<ü&{.þ
4Šÿ
È
ý'þ
G
n «ÿ ý .Sýl.ÿ ÿ ý2ÅEü\
/Šþ+ÿ0þu
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[üQý'þ</ ÿ ý&:*
$ScÙ;ý
+a,g
]
$
Ð
È
C$.¦U
Sý$&
$ý"ÿEüP¿
i
É
| Í Â
|
ß
&+ý'ÿ[üÎÿ å
Í
õy–'
ì
É
ß
È
Â
T
EüA ÿ ü1
'ÿ”»ý'þ/ ÿ ý&†tn&Gý"ÿ[ü
ÃuÍ
n+—û~Ñ
ûeýc
G
D

Ã
r
[ Ð
[
Ã
å
Â
6
×
 яH

É
Þ
Í
Ð
[
~
Ð
Þ
… ш K
0/ :
21 1 †
13254768\^4:]_9;`b4<aDa4>cd=@?B]NADe>C*f:EGe>F8gHB4Jh>h7IBh7C\i]*KB_LB`AD4NMPOQ3F8C6SRTOAUBCFSO*FSRVCWUXOWY;MZCADAVC*95Y7[
\^]_kjmln`3aVacole7p<e7qh>h>hn\^]_kjmln`
õ
gä ~
'(
ì
É
~

Þ
ß
Þ
Â
Þ
ˆÑ
ï
Â
UT
Þ
Þ
X
V
(+FüGRÑ
ò
i
ñ
Þ
Ã
r
X V
ZÞ
ò
Ð
(+Füi5Ñ
"!
RkXŸR¥/­c¬/
¡¢ ¢^Ÿœ‡ P£‘«"¥Ržœ
ùDp
›Pœ¦¥Ÿf¥ŸSœ‡ œ(ž=øh­[©
ãX
È
i+zp:
$S
J‡U
$/iþS
Þ
'þ5ŠüAý"þGýºý"þCU
$]<ü+ÿ&M
'ÿ3ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[ü¢ÿf$<;ýliÿ//.ÿGý2O]5
ý'þ
,g$«ý"þGý
b?€0;Cÿ
ý'þC/ ÿ ý&*
$Sc4Ù;ý
†
üžý"þ:Sý2“SýGýO
€
ï
Sý4
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[ü<U
$?0Eü
*
5Šÿ ü */&.ü¾ý"ÿ¸ý'þ4;ý12_Sýlý
ǀ

Â
Eü

+
Z
;³þn&Jc
ÿ üSý.ÿ ÿ ý2#Eü
ÿc
$10þP+
Ð
þSOEü
ÿ ü.ÿ1Gý'ÿ[üAý"þýÞý'þ
þ/*3ü&0.þ$fEüO`
‚,ÿ ü ‹=
þ1[ü'ÿ
$<[ü82
Y€
Â
G
ÿ ™ÿ ý 6=_Eü.üGý.]$&
$Îý"þýRý"þ.
Sÿ3üŸýGý"ÿ[ü¢ÿfSýlS

sr;t
Â
 Ñ
G
Ñ=
G
ü*+#Òs5=
h
J ÿ ýŠÿ>
2.
& ü ÿ`82«ý"þGý³ý"þ
$»ÿcf
Gü*
Ð
×
Ð å ×
Šþ
$Äý"þ[Eý"þ
Š
'ÿ<ü¾ýlý"ÿEü†=&f][SýJSÿ üÄý"þ
$³ÿ
#.þR2(Sÿ.0þEü.ÿ$ Þ
ý"þ6Šþ
ÿ üÎý'þ6
8ustwvbxIÖ&ØÌÙy{z
ãÔ
2nSý$Úý 3ý
ûeýiÿÞÿ üŸý$
Sý'ÿ ü *ëý
(//<ü¾ý[ý"ÿ.
Â
å
Eü
üEý>ý"þGý.$.ÿ ýØý'þ:ÙuýÞý'þGý.
Â
+ÓÑ
Þ S<Eü'ÿ
þ
ý'þ
ï
(+ÓûüRÑ. 1
J[Šþ.ÿ0þÆÿ
Þ
Ð
ý2n.ÿX
Ðý"þ=1`R)‘'þ
6
$*[ÿ/+6;³þ.ÿKÿKüEý6$&
'ÿ'ÿ ü*C'ÿ üfSþ
;ý2z×ý$
Ðý'þ
Sý$
$[ü*)Sþ1
ÿ™ÿ ýJ
]*[ÿ
ý'þz3&uý&ý"ÿEüÆÿ ü¾ý*
ÿ üqt§+
ü.ü.ÿ ü*Os'þ
'ÿ ü*A3ü“
2Å;ý
[ü*A'þ
f&AüEý©þSÎý"ÿ/«ý$9
;³þ@&>=?eU3ý'ÿ2Þþ16‹`)'þ1
[]<þ1,ÿ&
+‡Òs5=
J
$]3ÿk¹ý$/;ý
[ü*/'þ
•iý'þ6U
$]<ü.ÿ&
>[ü+
ý'þ0
Sÿ3üŸýGý"ÿ[ü/Sýl12n
+
ùn
šP›Pœ‡ž#Ÿ ¡¢9ž=›NŸ£œ=¤Ÿ££1œ‡ zU›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
| ,},
~
<«O¶
-¸?¾
|
¯°

ºr‡¶ß󋳆¼N¶½/¾
€ ‚
ôƒ¼sw<¸
¸
½
½
;ƒ
s
ºrxu ö³4¾O·
f¸
¸?º»<³†¼N¶½/¾
Ò{
$>=['þSQþSAý? N
$
çŠMEül`Ct@&Gý'ÿ[ü
…„
„
À
 Ñ
Ð Ö@×
Ù
ÀÂ
„
À
ÈÊÉ{ïuó
å
Šÿ
t§+
Ð
ý"þ4Y¦Gü*,ÿ üzt@&ý"ÿEü_
Šý"þ®üEü()[ü$
 Ñ
ÐÖ@×
Sÿ+ý'ÿ[ü
+
,-†Sý
Sýs
$
k
ý"þ[YZEü*—ÿ üf
‡ †„
É
À
D
ß
 Ñ
ÐÙÖ@×
Â
ÐÖ@×
É
„
Í
щH
Ã^Ï]ÐÙÖ@×
(+8i5Ñ$єý$Ðý"þcv§`n`
‰)
O
s
$.uý
†„
D ‡H
ÍÎ
ß
Ð
ÐÖ@×
 Ñ
 Ñ
ÓÏ]ÐÖn×
 Ñ
…†+iSÑ
Ð
ý'þ
Õ
 Ñ$Ø
Ï]ÐÖn×
È
G
Õ
×
 Ñ
ÏUÐÖ@×
È
Ñ$Ø
Ú

ß
É
ÍÐÖ
Ñ
ÖSÚ
ÍÐ
ˆÉ"Â
Ñ
Ú
…†+—Ñ
Ð
Ñ Â HKJŠ
þ+ÿ0þ*[ÿÒý'þ[
$.ÿ ÿ ý2ý'þGý#GýÒý'ÿ/ Â
Ð Ö
Ù
×
Á
ý"þ0
$
>
/3ý$
>
k{ŠÿU]0*[ÿ83ü@2
і+N;³þ.ÿ>SýGý.3üŸýcEü]Qc
'ÿ ý'ý3ü
ÐÖ
YL3ý‡&Iÿ
è
Â
Ï]ÐÙÖSÚ8×
ü¾ý
$n&c0&.ü3ý'ÿ[ü
è
DÁ
Ñ
ÐÖ
DÁ
‰ˆ "„
 H È
×
D
Í
 Ñ
ÐÙÖ@×
É^Á
8Š
щH
ÐÙÖ
Œ‹„
†„
Šþ
$Rý"þ/Eü*&M
Q
$l`uý‹<üGýRý"þ1
*5
¹ý"þ™ü[ÿ +4;X`Ÿÿ ü *
'ÿGý'ÿ?ˆt§+
À§è
DÁ
‚—ÿ ü ¹ý"þ
À§è
DÁ
Ñ
Ð Ö
ÀÂ
 H
Èyé
|
ˆ ‡ "„
í É
Ö
D
ß
ÐÙÖ@×
 яH
 Ñ
ÓÏ]ÐÖn×
î
„
Í
Í
 H
Ñ
×
È
é
|
Ö
Í
Á
Í
ì
Ñ
ÐÙÖ
‡
DÁ
ß
щH è
ÐÙÖ
DÁ
Ñ
ÐÙÖ
ˆ
 H É
×
Í
D
Â Ñ Í
ÐÖn×
)‘&+ü3ý'ÿ[üÎÿ[ 2n./3ý$
'ÿJ=†Eü_
$M
Í
ÐÖ
ÀÂ
×
…4+FrRÑ[Eü_&'ÿ ü *Rý"þ‹YZEü*,ÿ _
ü
t@&Gý'ÿ[ü
Ð
…†+ÓrÑ
Ð
„
Í
 Ñ
Ï]ÐÙÖ@×
 Ñ
ÉÅÁ
É
ý"þ
†„
 Ñ
ÐÖn×
SŠ
Í
ÐÖ
É^Á
ü
щH
ÐÙÖ
Á
Í
D
Í
†„
Õ
Šÿ
 Ñ
ÐÙÖ@×
ÐÙÖ@×
ÐÙÖ@×
ý'þºý"ÿ.
 Ñ==†+ýlEÿ
¿
Ñ
Š
яH
ÐÙÖ
…†+F|RÑ
Ð
…†+—EÑ
Ð
ò

 Ñ
Â Ñ ÉÅÁ
D
яHâØ{=RüEý'ÿ
Ï]ÐÙÖ@×
Í
ÐÖn×
ÐÖ
 шS
ý'þ
Gý"ÿ[üP+ˆ;³þ01
*QLEüC
$.ÿ ý $
2&+ü3ý'ÿ[ü .D
H
Ï ]
Ï ÐÙÖ@×
 Ñ
B6&$SÿMEü.ÿSý$
'ÿ+
& ý"ÿ[
ü
ÏUÐÖ@×
û^üA
$
Ðý$1&Gý
ý'þ
$
Mý"ÿEüz&.üuý"ÿEü
ý"þ{SŠÿ ü*?
Ž
D
Ï
1Gü:]6&Gý:
ˆ
.D
È
ÈTÉ
 ß
Ï
H
Ï]ÐÙÖ@×
é
 ß
é


È
H
é
Š
 Ñ
Ï
.D
Í

Í
H
Ï
.D
Ï
ÍÏ]ÐÖn×
D
ÍIÏUÐÖ@×
Ï
H
 Ñ
–'
é
| ß
H
ä
É
i
| ß
ƒ |
é
 і'(
Ï]ÐÙÖ@×
'(
 Ñ
ì
Ï
ƒ
i
É
ì
 
ȃé
 
Ï
Ï
–'
i
ì
É
é
ƒ
ä
| ß
ƒ |
ì
é
ä
{é
|
ÖSږÏ]ÐÖ5Ú×
é
| ß
ƒ
ƒ |
|
Ñ
ƒ
i
É
sé
|
ÖSږÏ]ÐÙÖSÚ×
Ð
sé
ƒ |
ä
|
Ö Ú Ï]ÐÙÖ Ú ×
Ñ
Þ ò
…†+ÓxÑ
Þ ò
È
ÖSږÏ]ÐÙÖSÚ×
Ñ
 ß
Þ ò
ˆ 
Í
Ñ
D
Þ ò
Ï
ÍIÏUÐÖ@×
H
 Ñ
Š
Ð
…†+—ûÑ
‘
œ‡
“’”’
Þ
UŸ©Nª‡ø g¡¢ œ#¢ª‡Ÿ Pø œž#øh­c©9­[¬‹ž=›NŸ¬S­
Šþ
$»ÿ
ü¾ý*
Gý'ÿ[üR2
Sý$cc&
ˆ
 Ñ
Ï]ÐÙÖ@×
†„
D
Í
 Ñ
ÐÖn×
ÈÊÉ
Øÿ
É^Á
 ß
Í
Á
Í
SŠ
ÐÖ
È
ˆ „
ÐÙÖ@×
 Ñ
„
Šþ.ÿ0þ:*[ÿ8
È
Í
„
ÐÙÖ@×
ÍIÏ]ÐÙÖ@×
ÐÙÖ@×
 Ñ
Â
ß
ÈÊÉ
Ñ
é
ÐÙÖ@×
:
–•
é
: |
ß
Ú
 Ñ
ÐÖ@×
 Ñ
ÐÙÖ@×
ÉÅÁ
:
ÐÖ@×
‡ "„
яH
D
Í
"„
D
Â Ñ Í
ÐÙÖ
Š
щH
ÐÖ
ÉÅÁ
SŠ
щH
ɠ+
Ð
ü¾ý*
Gý$
D
æ
D
Â Ñ Í
‡ †„
}|
†„
 Ñ
ÍIÏ]ÐÙÖ@×
:
É
GRÑ
Í
ÍÏ]ÐÖn×
;³þ‹YZEü*,ÿ _
ü
t@&Gý'ÿ[ü1Gü:]?
$.82™ÿ
„
ˆ
 ß
Í
Ñ
ùn¸
mŸRùc¨Uœž#øh­c©
üÎý"þ6MSýcSý$P+‡…{{
$$& ý1J
яH
ÐÙÖ
’
m
ˆŸ %U£1œ‡©Xš
é
Ã
щH
ÐÙÖ@×
 Ñ
ÍIÏ]ÐÙÖ@× Ú
@|
Ã
ÂNÉ"Â
Ð
Ï]ÐÙÖ@×
æ
Ú
Ñ
Ð
Ñ
…†+iSGÑ
Ð
@„
…†+Ó~Ñ
Â=É\Â »
Ò{
$
Ñ ÿ4:Sý"&.üuý"ÿEü
ý"þ
$.[Šþ+ÿ0þ¢ÿ®ýz
$$
%& ÿ ý2]¿ºý'þ
Ð
Ú
 Ñ=Eü[ü82CU3ü:Eüiý"þ¹üEÿ$
 іJ.ÿ Â
 +Iû‘ZüS
[
/3ý$
ÐÙÖ@×
Ï]ÐÖn× Ú
Ú
ÈT ÿ ü<t§+ …4+8iSGRÑJP=f$º
+
& ý Â
ý"þ
ý¹ÿ ý$0
+ þP+h+‹U/?&.ü&
k üP+†³
; þ.ÿ0
$
Ð
Ú
ÿc[
ü.ü3
ýzŠ
ÿ ý'þ: /6G
ý&
${N&
cS
ÿG
ý"ÿ[
ü_E
ü_.
ÿ & $
ÿ ügDàii1|JLi55HK+
ûeý
æ
1Gü:]‹S[ÿ>ÿZ‹0þn$
Õ
Šþ
$
°
Ð
1Gü:SþS
‡ÉqÂ
Ú
 Ñ
Ï]ÐÖn×
Â
Ï]ÐÙÖSÚà×
È
Ñ$Ø
Ú

ß
„
Í
 Ñ
ÐÖn×
ÍIÏ]ÐÙÖ@×
Ú
°
Ð
¦É"Â
ƒ
ƒ | °
ä
…†+iiSÑ
Ð
Â
é
Eü
Ñ
Ú
 Ñ
Ð
È
i+;³þ3ü-[ü
i
È
 Ñ
Ñ
ÖSÚ
Â?ȌÂ
ÑKÿ?Sþ
2O]1`-
$&.ü
Dáii1|JLi55H±ý'þGý
É
ÍÐÖ
Ð

…†+i5Ñ
vJÿ ü 82J
À§è
DÁ
Ñ
Ð Ö
ÀÂ
 H
×
È
Œc
Sý$
'ÿ ü*Rý"þ6
Sÿ*[ÿ ü
À]è
DÁ
Ð Ö
Ù
ÀÂ
Ñ
×
 H
È
é
|
é
ß
|
Ö
Í
Á
Í
ì
Ñ
ÐÙÖ
‡
DÁ
щH
ÐÙÖ
Ã
Á
Í
Í
ÐÙÖ
è
Ñò
DÁ
Ñ
ÐÙÖ
 H
×
üEýGý"ÿ[üC‹+ýEÿ ü
Ö
Í
Á
Í
ì
ÐÙÖ
Ñ
ß
í
Á
Í
Í
ÐÙÖ
Ñ
ÍÎ
Ã
Í
DÁ H
Á
ÐÖ
Ñ î
Ã
À]Á
ïuó
À
Ñ
ÐÙÖ
è

ò
DÁ
³ÿ :
ü
v&
'ÿ
>$
À§è
DÁ
ÀÂ
×
 H
È
…†+iSrÑ
Ð
é ê
Í
Í
Á ë
]
ì
ß
í
Í
Á
Í
ä
ëÃ
ÍÎ
Í
Á
DÁ H
ä
ë
î
ÉÅï
ãð
ÀUÁ§ë
À
ãñ
ò
è
DÁ
×
 H
ÐÙÖ
Ñ
×
 H
Ð
…†+i1|RÑ
ù˜
šP›Pœ‡ž#Ÿ ¡¢9ž=›NŸ£œ=¤Ÿ££1œ‡ zU›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
| ,},
~
<«O¶
-¸?¾
ñ´»<{
¯°²
k~—,
<ö³¾C¼
»
¸
<³4¾OµN¶½/¾
Ò{
$?=‹
$ <ü¾ýQ.uý"þngDài5~IHLŠþ.ÿ0þ:Sc>Eü¹ýf
'ÿ¹ý"þ6t@&ý"ÿEü>
&&MGüŸý$
Šÿ
t§+
Ð
(+ÓEÑ$Ñ?
$
Ð
ý'þCv`@`
%)çŠMEül`Atn&Gý"ÿ[ü
˜ "™
D
 H
×
š †™
È
*
D
 H
×
 †™
“ †™
D
×
vJÿ
$Sý[=6
Sÿ†Gü:tn&Gý"ÿ[ü
 †™
 ™
À D
 H
×
ÀÂ
é
 ™
È
é
!É
™
礑
éSê
üòÿ>ÿý$z
*
ë
ä
éSê
Í
Á ë
§
™
ì
ß
í
d "™
R2$&Sý"ÿ ý &+ý'ÿ[ü
.D
i
DÁ H È

 H
×
_
é1ê
i
È
œ›
ý"þ_
$
–'
ÃyÐ
D
Ð
É
ã
˜ "™
ã
æ
7 3+ -, 5
é1ê é1ê ]éSê ]é1ê
21
Ã
ë HXŠÿ
ä
|
˜ "™
À
D
ÀÂ
ß
 H
×
i
É
˜
i
ä
ä
$# .
]# +néÑ#',I
é
21
r
+
,
ä
ë
é

™ oÁ ™ oÁ ™
Í
™ ûý ™
é ê
È
É
Í
è
DÁ
 H
×
VQ+iSÑ
Ð
Ñ
-b
å ×ÿ
ÐÙÿ
Í5Þ
˜
ë
ä
^%
'% å ×&%
Ð
“/Á “/Á
,
Þ
É
Ã
D
×
 H
È
é ê
þ
ÐÙÿN×
DÁ
×
Ñ
%
,
Á]ë
_
É
ãñ
˜
Í
ì
5
Á]ë

å ×ÿ
ÐÙÿ
礑
É
ã
ÃaÐ
˜
å
ã
Ñ
æ
Ñ
Þ
ÍIÞ
ä
 Ñ
ä
ä
ë
ä
Ã
i

ì
é ê
ÍIÞ
Ã
ä
Í
É
Í
Í
Í
ë
5ä
Í
É
ÿN×ÿ
VQ+—Ñ
Ð
˜
ü¾ý*
Gý'ÿ[ü_R2:
Sý$
ÿ>+ýEÿ ü
J6
×ÿ
Þ
É
é1ê
-b
™
+
Ñ Á§ë
ëÁ
礑
,
礑
ë
ä
5
VQ+ÓrÑ
Ð
˜
Þ
Í
Í
˜
ä
ëfÃ
ë
™ Á ™ oÁ ™ Á ™ oÁ
˜+ ˜, ˜+ ,
%
%
™ oÁ ™ oÁ ™ “/Á “/Á
˜, + ˜ + ,
˜ + , +˜ ,
™ oÁ ™ oÁ ™ “/Á “/Á ™ “/Á “/Á ™ oÁ ™ oÁ
˜ "™
<™
ž™
ž™ ™
É
 H
Ü
À
À
+
Ñ Á]ë
J61×ÿ
ãð
&+ 4, 4,2.
é1ê é1ê §éSê
r
5ä
Í
ä
Í
ÐÙÿˆ×
×
 Ñ
 Häÿ
ë
Í
ä
Í
ë
VQ+F|RÑ
Ð
ò
ä
ä
Í
Ã
D
ë
Í
ë
;³þ6&&MGüŸý$c<ü¾ý
ý'þ6;ˆ12n
[–'(EüSÿ[ü_
˜ "™
è
ãñ ò
+Š;³þ6t@&ý"ÿEü
21
Ã
×ÿ
ß
ÿN×ÿ
×
À
+C;³þ.ÿ‹1Gü-]0þ+ÿ¢ÿ8
+[;³þ<üPJU&'ÿ ü *«ÿ
i
ë
ä
Þ
ï
Û
Ã
É
Ð ˆ×
+
ë
ä
î
'ÿ ü*Rý"þ‹V
$”Sn$`Ÿÿ ÿ¦Ò{Þÿ ý$[ü.ÿMGü.Šÿ ý'þ_Eü
Á]ëÁ
Þ
Í
ë
{Eü<]4
(&<R2_&+ü3ý'ÿ[ü¦+ÿeU
%)
YŠs
×
Á
À]Á]ë
ãð
m™
<
Á
=†*uý
Ã
*
ë
ä
Émï
ý"þ+ÿ6t@&Gý'ÿ[ü
U3ýKý$
 HâÑ+
DÁ H
ÍIÎ
ëfÃ
ä
ýc{4&+ü3ý'ÿ[üP
SÿGý'ÿQ
=‹Eü
$c
'ÿ $
ý ¹ÿ
',ý$
'üLk
礑
Í
Á
Í
Á]ë
/5
ê
<;
i
™
é êZÁ]ë
 H
×
üEý'ÿ»ý'þGý?Gü<
.
ÿ ý$
%2Îü@&]
Q
<ü¾ý'ÿMGý'ÿ[ü_N–'(D É
Î
!É
6'(
È
6–'
;³þ.Eÿ
 H
×
D
Í
=
Ð
ý'þÎý"þþJý'þ6*<ü
ý"ÿ ü*&.ü3ý'ÿ[ü
ý'þ
(+F|RÑ+;³þ.ÿ†Eü"].Eü
ä
ë
Í
Í
ä
Í5Þ
ä
þÿ
ò
üÎý
$/[
ä
ë
ÎÆSÆSÆ
Ð
VQ+—EÑ
œ‡
‘
UŸ©Nª‡ø g¡¢ÓšL¢:¤Ÿž=›L­cªg­[¬šP›Pœ‡ œ¦šž=Ÿ ;³þ
$
$J=_'(Eü\t§+
ùnG
ø}¥@ž#øӚ§¥
k™
VQ+h|@ÑRÿ Å
ü
US=
Ð
zGü“ Gý$>ý'þ:+ÿeU
$3ü¾ý )
$
ý
$/+Š;³þ.ÿc*[ÿ³ý"þ6tn&Gý"ÿ[ü[
Äý"þ‹&&Eü¾ý
À þ
i
ß
i
É
]# .
é

'%
Ð ˆ×
i
É
É
È
É
'% å ×&%
Ð
ï
ë
Ñ þ
%
ÿN×$ÿ
#+ é # ,n
é
21
r
Ñ
Ð ÿ
Ù
ÀÂ
Ã
É
É
Þ
Ñ þ
%
^%
%
i
þ

É
å
_
É
É
Ñ
Ð
É
ÿN×ÿ
Ñ
Ð ÿ
ãñ
À
ß
ÐÙÿ
×
À þ
ãð
$# Ñ é
ÐÙÿ
Ñ þ
%
^%
Ñ þ
å
Ð
Þ
É
ã
ÃyÐ
ã
É
'%
Ð ˆ×
þ
-b
Þ
É
ÐÙÿ
Þ
Ñ
Ðÿ
É
%ˆ×$ÿN×
Ñ þ
^%
Ð
Ñ
æ
%
Ñ
ÿ
É
å
Ñ
'%
Ð
%
VQ+ÓxÑ
Ð
Ñ
Þ
Eü
À
i
 ß
i
Ã
û^ü
# é

Ñ
Ð ÿ
ÀÂ
É
'%
Ð X×
È
É
%X×ÿN×
ï
i
Ã
 ß
Ñ
ÿ
À
ãð
^%
Ð
À
i
Ñ
Ñ
Ð ÿ
ãñ
ÃqÃ
~
<«O¶
-¸?¾
Ÿ
Ìñ
¯°
sw<½­«
É
^%
Ð ˆ×
ý"þ6Sý$1(2Sýlý¹ý"þ$6t@&ý"ÿEüc
$&ýt§+
| ,},
n
Ñ Û
Ðÿ
# é

É
ÃyÐ
É
%ˆ×ÿN×
É
ã
Ñ þ
ÿ
ã
^%
Ð
æ
Ñ
Þ
Ñ þ
Ð
É
%
Ñ
Ð
VQ+—ûÑ
(+Óû5)‰(+ÓüÑ+
Ð
ôa·`w<³vrŠ³4·c¼ˆ¸ºr‡¶1µX¼Š¶·{µ
¸Q¼
½
b0&
[*R±ÿÄý$/k&ü>ý'þ6$&+ý"ÿ[üý"þ6t@&ý"ÿEü
Äý"þ6Sý$
$&uý&
‹Ù3ý
i
À
Ð
 ß
ãñ
ÀÂ
 Ñ
×
È
ï
i
Ã
À
 ß
ãð
À
Ð
ãñ
ãñ
×
 Ñ
É
Ð
ãñ
Šþ
$C
»ý"þC$`c
'ÿ 
ý 29=C &
$ \ãðEüÅã
 Ñ
×
Šþ
$
þ
Sý$
$&uý&
 ß
 ß
|
ˆÈ
ãñ
ï
è
| ãð
È
ãñ
ü
Ð
ÉÅï
þ
ãñÑ
oQ+iSÑ
Ð
ý$<+ýEÿ ü¢ÿ ý†$&+ý"ÿ[ü
*[ÿ8<ü_R2
É
Ð
ÿ üëý"þ
$*&/<ü¾ý$4³ý'þ
Z
&.üuý"ÿ[ü+:,-C&$iý"þ/3ý"þ("c0þ
3ý
'ÿSý"ÿDáiSr|H
t@&
$Gý&
$+-v”ÿ
$;ý4=Ck&üqý"þC0þ
$3ý$
'ÿSý'ÿC&
©ÿ
äå
æ
ãñ
ÿ ü
 цMGü+O;³þ2Å
×
Â
ãð
oQ+—Ñ
Ð
ÿCEüÆÿ ü¾ý*
Gý'ÿ[ü“[ü;ýlEü¾ýŠþ.ÿ0þu3ý$
Þ
ÿ ü«ý'þO0þ
$3ý$
SÿSý'ÿ+;³þ
‹Ù3ý
>
'ÿcEü*f10þ:0þ
$3ý$
'ÿSý'ÿ6
É
 ß
ï
ãð
È
|
ãñ
i
É
|
Ð
ãñ
7 ;³þ6$&+ý'ÿ[üý"þ.ÿ[t@&Gý'ÿ[ü
ãñ
Ð
×
 Ñ
 Ñ
×
äå
æ
> ÿ[1Sÿ2+ýEÿ ü
Ð
ê
ãñ1Ñ
ÈTÉ
ï
 ß
ãð
é
æ
Ð
oQ+ÓrÑ
Ð
ãñ1Ñ
|
ê
ó
'(
 ß
ì ï
ãð
é
ñ
|‘
æ
äå
Ð

Ñ
ò
Ð
oQ+F|RÑ
ùnù
šP›Pœ‡ž#Ÿ ¡¢9ž=›NŸ£œ=¤Ÿ££1œ‡ zU›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
û^ü .
ÿ
R2©ý"þs
Œhý"þs0þ
$3ý$
'ÿSý'ÿc&
%
'ÿ
ófÈ
È

Eü_
$Sý$
$†ãð†Eüzã
ÐÙÿN×
 Ñ
È
~
<«O¶
-¸?¾
:
é
 ß
¯°
ï
Ã
ãñ
ãð
ï
Ã
ý'þÿ ü¾ý*
Gý'ÿ[ü
ãð

ÿ üÎý'þ‹
$*&.3üŸý$
Z
}|
!É
–'(
€

~
é
 ß
æ
|
æ

Â
;³þ6Sý$1(2Sýlýÿ[
10þ<
| ,},
ãñ
oQ+ÓÑJ@={0þGü*
Ð
äå
æ
ãð
Ð
ãñ
×
ï
Ã
ãð

×
ã
Z
Ñ
*
Ð
oQ+—EÑ
+
qC¼sr‡»O·c¼N»<r‡¸
ô³·[¼N½Çr
³‹¼
wO¶›tÇw
sw<¸Q³vr
µ
rŠ³‹¼N¸?µ
;³þ»ÿ
ü¾ý*
ý"ÿEüÎÿ üt§+
'(Gü
æ
äå
Ðÿ‡Ð

Ñ$іJt§+
c
(+8iSüRÑ>1Gü:]6U
.
[$.
Ð
Ð
éƒG/
(+8i5EіJ&ü1
Qãð
æ
äå
ï
é
Ñ$Ñ

Ðÿ‡Ð
Eü:ã
ñ
ãðXãñ
Þ
í
ã
éã
ZÞ
ï
+#vJÿ
Sý[=
æÞ
Þ

æ
ã
Ã
Eük&ü.ÿ $
ý €+i5Ñ
Ð
î
ûeýs*[ÿ
:
ÐÙÿN×
Š{
Sÿ ü*f
&
$
 Ñ
È
¢£¡
é
 ß
|
æ
F‹
|
Â
M
'(
É
† Â6
ÈTÉ
O
i
G
×
r
i
‰ T
üÎÿ üÎý"þ6;ý12SýGý
7ƒ
ÐÙÿ
Ñ
Ð
È
s€
ã
7¤¥
6
Þ
î
æ
€+—Ñ
Ð
È
i
†
å
‰ T
r
i
r
i
6 ‰ T
r
×
†
Â
6V
V
G
Ñ
i
‰ T
V
È
 V
×
r

Â
r
3þ.ÿ`ADáiSrRSH
‰ T
=†—ýlEÿ
ãðˆãñ
í
Œc2n”
B6
$SþŸý$2,ü
é
ï
 ß
É
'(
r
V
í
 ß
r ï
ã
æ
ãðXãñ î
Þ
6
Ð
€+ÓrRÑ
¦ § ¨ª© «­¬¯® °
± § ¬ § -¬ ² ¨´³ ¶µ ¨¸· © § ¨ª¹o¬ º µ » ¬¯®
¹—«­¬¼¨ª»¾½ ­¹ § ¬¯¨ª®
ù
ø
û^ü
ùfú
ý"þ.ÿQ0þ+ý
6=f& º
ý"þºý'þ
%2<]
0¿
ý$
'ÿUºý'þ
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[ü¦.þ
ý
$EüSÿ ý"ÿ[ü±ÿ üKý"þIþ'*[ü.þ$‡(>.ÿnl`{U2n.
P/ ý
'ÿ.Sþ1
63S6+/;³þ.%2n./3ý$
2Oý'ý
'ü9
$&
ý"þ.ÿ‹+þ$/Eü'ÿSý6
l`^2n ÿ ü
$..&Åcnl`@s[üÞý2(]Îÿ//
$ ¢ÿ
Òý'þ4Gý"þ
{(l`@
$fvJÿ*+Ór(+iSÑ+Äû^ü:t@&.ÿ ÿ Sÿ&
ü
3ý$»ýcSý$12
þ'*[ü2
ý"þC$&
$&+ü.ÿ ü *
ý"þ.ÿ{.þ$4]1
Ðÿ ü:Uuý<ü
Ð
M.MfEü¿ý"þ/Un2R)<ü¾ý
$"&+ÿ/.þ OD}xRû(J¦xüIHj+
­fˆ'(U
3S
SþS
EüaEü*2\Šÿ
¡Šs$&2JN2n
DáiSrJ#i1|Jˆ|iJˆ|RIHK+
ÃÀ
ÂÁ
ý"ÿ[üPJEü>ÿ ü$Sa3S5ý"þ6
3Sfý'þ
*3ü<ÿ 
ý 2iÿ
üÎüEýlGý'ÿ[ü.61
0¿
À
ÿ ü
$
'ÿ3ü¾ýŠÿ ý'þ
Ð
ÂÁ
Eý$c& JŠþ+ÿ¹ÿ
$$]uý"ÿ82+C;³þ
$Þþ1]3ü-.EüR2A Gý'ÿ[ü‹
ü[ü()‘
–)
üiý"þ?Ù;ý
U3ü.ÿ&M
>
'ÿ<ü¾ýlý"ÿEüJ
ý"þ.
Sÿ ü *_
­Œc
Dài1r(J#i1|JZ|iJZ|@SHK+
.y{zPÄ
ý"þ™þ'*I)
¡ÖÌÔ
<ü¾ý82JX;XU
>þS
'ÿ™ý/]
ý&
QEüC'þ
$Gý{Eü$
UGý"þ
'ÿ3ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[ü‡¶ý"þ
ü]GýSý
'üÎÿ üC
$/vJÿ*+Fr+8i1§Ñ–+®û^üA
Ký$_`ëþ.)
ý"þý"þ?
UGüÎý"þ?]
3ý$¢ý$z'þ1
63S
ý'þAM/M
..þ
ý"þ3ÿ
4I'([ü*Øý'þ3SÜ.ÿ
2n/.uý
%2CGýSý
'ü>þ
ifGý6& 'ÿ<ü¾ýlý"ÿEüO]1
[ü#+þ$.$&
'ÿ/<ü¾ý$†&.ü
†'þ
ý"þÆý"þ9
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[ü0]<þS,ÿ&
2n/.uý
'ÿQ]23ý'þ@2n<ü–)]2
.ÿnl`U2n.
>/ ý +ˆ,g‹ 0þ.Gý'ÿ12.
$3ü¾ý
Ð
uý"þR2n3ü
R2n<üSÑ
ý'þ<ÿ
[
$
þ'*I)
ç
fˆ)‰ç f‡ç#Ñ
Ð
& $
ý Šÿ _
ü
vJÿ*+Ór+8i1P+Šb?&
*R±ÿÄý$/
(&ý"þ.ÿ[2,ü™ÿP.þ$6.ÿM*
#ý"þ
$uý"ÿ12+
,-f;ýl
;ýQŠÿ
ý"þAC$]&Mý"ÿfEü*2Šÿ ý"þ<.+{VEý'þO
'ÿ<ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[üQIý'þ
þ–'*[ü‡ý'ý
'üg&g]/[üSÿ
$m‹
NM.M†Šÿ ý'þ-.ÿ8e
M.M
.ÿSýlGü
M.M0Šÿ
ý"þÿ üŸý$
ý"þ
ý'þ
ü¾ý$
%)
$-vJÿ*+Ór+8i11Ñ+´‚,ý
[ü*“'þ
: t@&”ý"þ9GýSý
SüƒEü ý'þ
Ð
Sý ÿ ü¾ý
$M12
0.ÿSýEü
$4Ù1
+¹û^ü<
%2z=1`:'þ
.&M
‹
$/
$$&
™ÿ ü Eü¾ýc
$6EüM/MsŠÿ
'ÿ.0
$3üŸý®ÿ
ý"ÿ ü*ëÿ ü^™ÿ
$+þ$
ý'þ>ý'þ6.ÿ**SýŠÿ ü¾ý
$Gý"ÿ[ümŠÿ>M12¢ý'þ_
$–)
M12
c.ÿ;ýlEü4
$?Sý+‚(&0þ
1 [ü.ÿ ü *.
$2
$
$n&ý'þ6Gÿ C
ü
1ý&
cŠv”ÿ*+Fr+8i1P+
,-
$n"Šÿ
ý'þm.
ý"þ02,ü™ÿU/n]Xo
Sý$&2¿ÿ ý$†t@&.ÿ ÿ
Sÿ&
–'3ý/Eüm/Eý'ÿGý"Eü2n'ÿ+AvJÿ
$;ý4=
$
$&Gý
þ—ý
[†
ý'þÐý"þ
$–).][ü3ü¾ý[
$
>
/3ý$
>Gü
ÿ ™ÿ ý +;³þ<ü"=CEü2n”©ý"þÞþ.ÿ*[þ()‘'þ
4Gü-5>)‘'þ
‹U–)
þ1,ÿ&
+O…Äýºý'þC<ü".
$™ý"þC
'ÿ3ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[ü#]<þS,ÿ&
³ý'þiþ–'*[ü
ù§™
{‘ Rk
­·¢Až#›NŸ›NŸ
¦œ
L­[©Pœ‡£U›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
gradient
temperature
šL›Pœ‡(ž=Ÿ ⊥
||
shear rate
§Ñ
gradient
Ñ
1Ñ
vJÿ*&
$Cr+i¿RÑ4;³þ/&
4;ý
$&3ý&
$_0O2( ÿ ü
.þ$.ÿ*
]
$]<ü.ÿ&M
î
§Ñ‚(0þGý'ÿ2,üÞÿ1
þ–'*[ü>.þ &.ü
f'þ
f3S6¿«ý"þ
Ð
ÁÈ
ˆ
Q
xRъ
'ÿ<ü¾ýlý"ÿEü
Ð
þ–'*[üLGý'ý$
'ü>ÿ ü.
‡M12
$
EüO/
c.þ 6EüO'(MGÿ
$0t§+Fr+iSÑ
î
1Ño[üR3ü¾ý"ÿEü
ÁŽÈ
GRÑ4G
ü
Ð
& ].ÿ,ÿSÿ[ü.
üØý'þf
'ÿ*[ÿ ü:‡.ÿ87.& ý'ÿ0<ü&.ü¾ý
$ëÿ üØý"þf–'@)
]
'ÿ.3ü¾ýlP;ý&(2Jý'þ.ÿ[]<þS,ÿ&
+

§°S±
;¦Q.`
©_¾<³v{
+
¶·
ƒº»<³‹¼Š¶½/¾Oµ
ý"þ=*<ü
@tn&Gý"ÿ[ü
(+ÓûѦG
ü
(+ÓüÑZ U<ÿk=
äý"þ þ'*[ü@.þ$>[ü
Ð
Ð
üÒý$?1&Gý
ý"þ>;ý
&3ý$&
$[[üSýEü¾ý
n+Ó~RѸýl`Ÿÿ ü*Kÿ ü¾ý$6&.ü¾ýÒý"þ[ 2n./3ý$
2
Ð
ý"þ?+þ$+=;³þ†1
*6<
üSÿ ý2
$k0
ý'þ
þ'*E
ü82l`z2n ÿ ü
$³ÿ
*[ÿ8<ü_R2
Ð
n+ÓxRіJŠþ
$ý"þ6Sÿ[3ý$
$
å
Þ
6
;³þGü*
Á
²IG
È
k&ü
i
È
È
i

µ
×
Á
²IG

¿
²IG
Á
É
ÁÉ
É
Á
×
×
×
Sÿ ü
Ã
…
…
rNSÿ
rN'ÿ
Á
ü
ü
Á
×
×
µ
…
É
rN
…
ÁÉ
'ÿ ü
Á
µ
rN
ÁÉ
'ÿ ü
Sÿ3üŸýGý"ÿ[üÎÿ ü
1P Ð
r+iSÑ
Á
ý'þ
Sÿ3üŸýGý"ÿ[ü9Äý"þiþ'*[ü#GýSý
SüP+_;³þ$
$
$$][üŠýRý'þ6
Ð
$†vJÿ*+Ór(+i1Ñ+
Á^È
G
·¢áöS¢
ª]«=©Pœ#¤øӚOŸ@ù[¨
Š{
Sÿ ü*
.
È
È
È
(
,g»ÿ
n+Ó~RіJ
Ð
ê
r+8i5Ñ>Eü
Ð
0Å
_
ê
ì
M
Þå
K
îAÃ
|
LK \ Ë
Ð
É
i
(+8iSGRÑJ
Ð
É
í i
Þ
ù§ú
œ(ž=øh­[©L¥
Æ
Å
Ñ
Þ
O
c
É
\ Ë ÆÑd ô
\
æ Ð
È
ãÞ
i
\Ë
É
Ñ
ï
É
 ß
Mc
È
À
ð
À
¶
d
Æ
É
\
Ð
ñ
ô
ô
Æ
Ñ
È
¾
ËÍÌÇÎ.Ï>Ð7Ï>ÑÓÒÔÏ>Î.Õ ÖJ×ÓÖJÐbØkٞÏ>Ù
È
ã
\Ë
à Æ
Æ
Ñ
Þ
Ñ
Þ
Ã
É
ã
ÃaÐ
\
Ð
Ñ
äå
æ
Ã
O LK \ Ë
Ð
É
i
Ñ
æ
Æ
Ð
6
Ñ
Þ
O
r+ÓrÑ
Ð
Æ
Ñ
r+F|RÑ
-b
Þ
Ð
äå
-b
b
r+—EÑ
Þ
Ð
:¿
\
Ð
ê
.
M
6
Þ
b
Þ
r+—Ñ
ò
O
Ñ
%Ë
Æ
üÎý"þ6k.ü
ÇÆ ÊÆ È
d
Æ
aK
É
i
Ð
6 É
K \Ë
_i L
Þ
Ð
å ¶
Ã
Eü_
$c
'ÿ ý Ký"þ‹;ý2R);ýlGý$†tn&Gý"ÿ[üŠÿ
¶
LK \ Ë
Ð
É
Þ
_ i ÉaK \ Ë
Ð
Ñ
'%
[ Ð \Ë
_c

È
Ð
Ã
È
Ñ
M
#
é

\Ë
Æ
È
È
Ñ
îAÃ
|
Þ
i
Ǿ Æ ÉÆ È
Ã
ü¾ý
$n&Ký"þüGýlGý'ÿ[üP¿
[ Ð \Ë
K
É
í i
Þ
å
(+8ii5Ñ==†+ýlEÿ C
ü
Äý"þ‹;ý
&3ý$&
$‹[üSýlGüŸý$¿
Ð
È
Ñ
Å
i
É

;³þt@&Gý"ÿ[ü
i
r+ÓxÑ
Ð
6
aK
É
i
Ð
Ñ
r+—ûÑ
Ð
r+FxRÑ{Eü
r+ÓûÑc 'ÿU®ý"þ]<þS,ÿ&
QIý"þºþ'*[üˆ.þ$fý
Ð
Ð
ï
È
EüR2mSþ1

$Gý+mv
ý"þ_
Sý'ÿ&M
†1 G(J wÈ
GÑ®ý"þ$t@&Gý'ÿ[ü™þS
Ð
]<ü_Sý$&.ÿ
ÿ ü_º
ü@&]
cˆS
ý'ÿ?DhxünJ§E|J iiiHj+#V
$?Sý$&,
2 ÿ ü™
* ý'þ?,
2 ü™
ÿ
K
=z>GüŸý«ý"SþS
ý'þØÿ ü3&3üz¹ý"þzEü*&M
/]<ü<üòÿ ü
ïÜÈ
G+Š;³þ‹t@&ý"ÿEü
\
Ð
Ð
çX
Þÿ ü *ºý"þ»ÿ
}g
ý
$/³ÿ ü
È
æ Ð
\
[ Ð \Ë
Ð
å [
8
Ñ
<üEý$»ý"þ©ý
$.
[ Ð\
g
Ë ÑŠÿ
c
h
È
† Ã
† K
… c r
… c
Í
h
Ã
x
Ã
\ Ë ÑÆ d
É
r+FrRÑ&
#
¶
\Ë
Æ
É
ÃaÐ
ýRý"þ?k
Sýs
† !i
… c
È
ô
i
É
K \Ë
Ð
r
Æ
\Ë
ý'þCEü+ÿ$Gý
$@2Øý<ü$
ý'þÎý"þþ
È
_c
È
Ñ
ü¾ý*
Gý'ÿ[üÎÿ ü
Ä
Ò{
$
r+FxRÑ
$¿
Ñ
Ð
† c 6
r+h|@Ñ=6—ýlEÿ P
ü ¿
g
Þ
Kl _
t§+ (+ii5Ñ$э[ü
Ð
Ð
†[üSý
&3ýÐý"þ‹
$‹<ü
$*2<Gý{t@&.ÿ ÿ
'ÿ&
ý"þ4t@&.ÿ ÿ
'ÿ&Ô.þ$†U3þ1—ÿ&
JU
Þå
Ä
Ã
M
h
X å X å
Þå
Ã
Þ
Þ
Ñ
æ
Šÿ
d
Ã
ô
äå
-b
c
Ð
K
ü
x
6*uý1¿
*
Ð
+_‚(
Gý'ÿ ü *
Ã
Ã
r+
Þ
Ä
g
Ñ
Þ6
Þ hO
X Þ X Þ
Þ
Ã
ã
6
Þ
h
X 6 X 6
\Ë
r+Ó~Ñ
)‘]<ü<ü¾ý
b
Ð
Ð
r+8iSGRÑ
r+8ii5Ñ
2H
{‘ Rk
­·¢Až#›NŸ›NŸ
šL›Pœ‡(ž=Ÿ ¦œ
L­[©Pœ‡£U›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
;³þ6t@&ý"ÿEücˆ/Eý'ÿ[üC
;¦¿ÿ
ý
ü¾ý*
Gý$
1GýsGüÿ
r+8i5цEü
Ð
r(+—ûÑ
Ð
þS4f]Eý3ü¾ý"ÿM
üRý
B À
i
È
Ð
ýl`
dÚ
Šþ
$iý"þ
È
Ñ
Ð
é
|
æ
Ï$Ï$Ï
À
c
c
À
È
B
È
6
G+Iû^ü¾ý$*
$Gý"ÿ ü *
B
È
B
È
Ú
B š:
Ú Ã
c
Þ

x
B š : =ÈÊÉ
æÞ
†mí
Ã
|
† Þ nK T
c
i
i
K
Ð
c
Ü
c
ÿØý$/U
Gý$&
$ý
æ
Ð
6<ü
$*2]¿
r+i1GRыŠÿ
[t@&
¿s
Gý"ÿ[ü
ý"þ
È
i
… c
É
åLÃ
6
ÜO
Ã
ÜÞ
ý"þGý#™ÿ ü.ÿÞÿ”
G+>ûeý4/;ý
+/;³þ@&Jý"þ/
$$&
æ
Ã
O
i
† 2K

í
… c
.

Ã
Þ
i
É
6
å
|
… c
Kl M
Þå
Þ
ŒÛ
È
È
È
å
;X:'(
$Rý"þ.;ýl.ÿ ÿ ý2<
$Þ *[ÿEüg
ý"ÿ ü*
2nSý$
6
æ
c
È
æ
c
B
É
† Ð
… c Ã
† Ã
… c æ Ã
i
K †
É
r
… c
Ã
B
È
Ú
É
ý0þ.ü.ÿt@&.[v
Sý$
Gý$¹ý"þÿ ü(3&<ü‹”ý'þ
È
r+8i1|@Ñ
î
Þ
Ã
6
Þå
Þ
Ã
Þÿ ý"þ
n®üEý†]<üm[ü
Gý
K
r
|
Û
Û
Eü¿ý'þ
ý/]
ý&
Ð
Ñ
Þ
† x c
T
Þ
i
Ð
K
Þ
æÞ
K V
Ã

6Eü_/U'ÿ
Û
Þ
Þ
K
Ã
r
Û
ý'ÿ[ü
™ý'þ
¿
r+8i5EÑ
Þ
Ð
Þ
K
Þ

Ã
†  c 6
Ã
Ñ
i
Ü
U3ý»ý
+
† x c
Þ
Þ6
Þ O
+üR2/$8,ÿ ü*ý"þs$uý
ý"þ™þ–'*[ü‡.þ$Þüëý$:
Xt@&Gý'ÿ[üc
[*[ÿ<ü
È
c )
;³þ.1&Gý"ÿ[ü
/B´
$[&
$&
$ [
ý'þsUEý$<ü¾ý"ÿ
ÿ.]
SýEü¾ý61Gý
$&+ý'ÿ[üÎþŠý'þ?
$
$$&
å
i
É
ý"ÿ ü*_t@&Gý"ÿ[ü‹
™
ÿ$Eý$
$+ÿŠÿ ý'þg
ý'þ
Šþ
$6þ1‹$
$Gýý
$/[3ý$
Þÿ ü _R2iý"þ6;ý
$&3ý&
$‹[ü;ýlEü¾ý$+
;³þ0. ÿ ý$&
r+8iSrRÑ
V
æ
M
Ñ
M… c
î

i
üÎý"þ?
Ð
K
É
É
Ã
r+8i5Ñ==6+ýlGÿ
i
i
i
Ã
c
É
Ð
Gü
Ð
r(+iSGÑJ‡Eü
Ð
[ü
Ñ
Ð
Šþ.ÿ0þAý'þ.ÿ$
Å.þ f;ýl.ÿ ÿ ý2JN*[ÿ83üm@2"t@&Gý'ÿ[ü
Þ
c
ÿ ü¾ýA&+üŸý/U3ü3ü:
1Gü^]&+ü"
$
c
À
| æ
À
+ÿMEü
’
é
Ï$Ï$Ï
r+8i5Ñ
À

üŸý$*
$Pˆf/]'ÿ ý0&.üuý"ÿ[üP¿
$_¿
K
Ñ
Ã
ÜÛ
.ÜÛ 6
.
Ã

r+8iSxRÑ
Ð
?È
G
r+8i5ûÑ
Ð
Ð
r+8iSüRÑ
Sÿl`@$[ü"Eü"Òs8ÙEüqDhxü5H=5c6&ý:/[ü()
)eý
$/[[üÎý"þ‹t@&.ÿ ÿ 'ÿ&
.þ †.ÿ*
$:+Jû^üzvJÿ*+Fr+—
=.SþSfý"þGý¹ý"þ/
$1'—ÿ.Gý"ÿ[ü
'þ+ÿ×ýX&+X;³þ>e
3ýN
K
n+iiSÑQ
$ & ý$¹ÿ ü9
ü[ü()‘'ÿ*Eü.ÿkEü¾ý?t@&Eü¾ý"ÿ ýlGý'ÿ
Ð
[ü®ý'þtn&+ÿ ÿ
'ÿ&ƒ.þ$>+ÿM*
$
ÿý'ÿ üR2J&+ýÒÿ ü»ý'þ
ü–'—ý$3ý"ÿ[ü={Šÿ.[üSý
$Gýý"þý
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[üU
$
'ÿ ü *+
K
ÿ=Þÿ üEü¾ý
ÿ ü–'(MEÿ ü.ÿ ü*»ý'þQ2,üÞÿ1
Jp
·¢}¡¢g¥@ž# §­[©lknmj¥›NŸœ‡ <÷LŸ›Pœ‘Þ=øh­[¨ˆ 50
40
40
â
χN
χN
â
50
30
30
20
20
Ý
Þ
10
0.15
ß
á
0.25
à
0.35
f
Ý
RÑ
åyäv&ÕIÖnåéz0ÙrJÖæ
ý$
EüSÿ
§°–¯
0.25
à
á ß
ç5åyäv&ÕIÖnåèz0ÙrJÖæ K Ï î
vãtä0z Ùå0z ÙrJÖæ K ç
0.35
K<È
Ï
G
0.45
f
§Ñ
vãtäz0Ùå.z0ÙrJÖæ K
OÈ
G
Ð
ý'ÿ[ü©ý.]
$Gý&
Q]3ý=3üM/McEüC2n ÿ ü
$
vJÿ*&
$#r+Ó(¿XRÑL;³þ .ÿ ü n¾ý$/U
Gý$&
$
§Ñ‡;³þ
Þ
10
0.15
0.45
EÑ
OÈ
Ð
G
EÑ
AÈ
G
÷ º
¸ w<³ ó_¶½.»<r
qC¼srŠ½.¾Ntvu]µxw<¸0³vr
;¦/;ý&(2iý"þ?
'ÿ3ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[üU2,üÞÿÄÿ
€
üiý"þ?;ý
$Eü*)Sþ1
[
$*Eÿ/Q¹ü

ýf
r(+ÓxRцE
ü
r +—ûÑ»ÿ ü¢ý"þC ÿÞÿ ý ï
(
+¿û^üqý'þ.ÿ$Îÿ ýRÿ ÿ/U 'ÿ©ýO—ýlEÿ üm
Ð
Ð
ï
$&+ý'ÿ[ü9
r +FxRы4_U
Sý&
$Gý'ÿ[ü9$
'ÿ ÿ üqi
+iû^ü;ý1PJˆ=& CEü-
R0þ
Ð
]"R2-o>G
ýEüÅ
p
ÿ ü
.DhErHj+_K
b üEü"2
ý'þ/3ý'þ(gcbKü@&`Ÿÿ>Gü
Q
d61>$`ŸÿsDFEniH
Sý$
$&uý&
QÙuý
. …Q]<ü.ÿ8'gn+Ӏ6ѝý$k&üòý"þ/%2(/+ý$Eý"ÿU3þ1,ÿ&
6
Ð
Ҁ
\

ï
7ƒ
È
Ñ
Ð
×
Ùuý
X1Eü][
$1'—ÿ.Gý4R2ºÿ
;¦™ý'þ61.ÿ ü *f
$
³ÿ
ëê
[ Ð\
Šþ
$
ï
ü
† Ð
–
Ñ
Ð
å
M
‰
M å
OÞ ‰ 6 O
M
ˆ
‰
— O
å
ì
Þ
È
v
Äý"þ‹–',ý
SüPk
È
!
Ã
6 …
@å
[ M 6
Þ
6–
Ï
M 6
ï

Ã
îí
å
T
É
Þ
6 O
Gý"ÿ [ü
i
×
M
å
V
Ð
|
i
¶
Ð
™
M å6
‰
— O
6tn&
ˆ Þ
ý"þ
O
å
O ‰

¥K
É
6 T
å
é
‰
D
ï
æ
r
È
… „
ž| ˆ¦Ñ
È
Eü
È
Ð
ü¾ý
U
MGý'ÿ ü*c]3ý=<ü
æ Ð
\
шGü
7ƒ
ý"þ?3&uý&ý"ÿEü>ÿ ü¾ý*
±ÿc*[ÿ<üR2t§+
È
Ñ
\
і+N;³þ3üPJGý=M
*c'þ
>
$Gý
Ë ð
Þ
Þ
Ã
6
6
r
å
Þ
K V *
Ã
.
Þ
Ã
ï
\
Ð
r+8iS~RÑ
Ð
… †
M
ü
ÑJt§+ (+ÓGRÑ+
Ð
Ð
(+ÓrRÑ
щH
Z
Ë
M
å
6 O ‰
M å6
‰
— O
Ï
6
éƒG ~
r+ÓûÑ
$$& ý Šÿ
¶
6
Ã
ß
 å
û
Þ
O ‰
ˆ
Þ
Þ
È
Þ
È
M
‰
È
Ë ñ
™
ï
×
¶
ý'þ
ý"þQSý$
$&uý&
Ü6 O

È
Ü
6 …
û
r
éG
Ï
x
¿
É

i
6 T
i
Ã
i

K V
Ð
r+ÓGRÑ
/
{‘ Rk
­·¢Až#›NŸ›NŸ
šL›Pœ‡(ž=Ÿ ¦œ
í
Šþ
$
B
;³þ]Eý3üŸý'ÿM
þ1CEüR2-
ÿQ*[ÿ<üAR2
!Šÿ
B
ží
i
|
;³þ‹/ ÿ ý&
i
É
i
í
K V
|
]
Sý$&
$Gý"ÿ[ü: Sÿÿ
Lg
Gü
ÑJŠGü
Þ
.

Ã
å
Þ
6
r+Ó(i5Ñ
h
[ Ð Ñ
È
ý"þ.ÿÐý
$
üÎý=
r+ÓÑ
Ð
ý"þ$Otn&Gý"ÿ[ü«þSA-&.ü.ÿ8
$¹
Þ
G
$`@Ký"þf%2(//3ý
%2<
–
L
$.uý
$¿
Eü
K
ý$C+ýEÿ üzEüAEü*)‘]<ü<ü¾ý0
&—ý"ÿEü
ý'þft@&Gý'ÿ[ü
ý'þc$&+ý"ÿ[üŠ
Ð
r(+—ш#
+#;³þ®þ.ÿ*[þSýs
ÿ
]
Sý$&
$Gý"ÿ[ü: Sÿs
Šý"þ4. ÿ ý$&ÿc3ý$
$™ÿ ü <R2
b0&
Q*Rÿ
c
üGý
Ð
å
Eü.Þ Scˆ
Òý'þŠü[ütn&§/ ÿ ý&+¦,-cEüSý$
$&uý
h
'ÿ ý&ý"ÿEüz
r+ÓGRÑ?n®üEý]<üm[ü
Ð Ð
h-
+‹;³þ
$$<ü
6
6
Þ
$¹ý'þ6$&+ý"ÿ[ü[ý"þ6tn&Gý"ÿ[ü
ý"þ< <
üO¹ý"þØý
$
È
Ã
Þ
ÿ[Sý$
Eÿ*[þ¾ý$
%>
$P¿
È
Þ
ü ÿ`ºý"þ/t@&.ÿ ÿ
Sÿ&
h-
h
i
6h [ M T
Þ Ã

O å
i
6 h
i
K V h
T Ã 
å Ü
Ã
É
Þ åZÃ
v Š
r+8i5і+
6<ü
$*2
È
È
Ð
ü¾ý$*
$Gý"ÿ[ü
ý'þ¢ÿ
ý"þ‹t@&Gý"ÿ[ü
Äý"þ6
û^ü
L­[©Pœ‡£U›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
ý"þ6SŠÿ ü*/
üÎý'þ
*&/<ü¾ý1+
3ü
*2+?;³þ.ÿ0Eü*&M
{U3ü3ü
Y 1Gü.[ü2fU
Š,ÿM0
'ÿ&N&—ý=%2n./3ý$
'ÿ[.ÿ ü Gý'ÿ[üˆ¶ý'þc'ÿN3ý
$
YL3ýs&c.ÿ$&${Eü'/¿
ð
X ñ å
;³þ.ÿŠ+ÿ ü Gý'ÿ[ü
ý
Þ
ÿ‡Eü*)‘]<ü<ü¾ý
ÿ
ý
K 6– 6
Þ
Ã
ñð
r(+‡bKü[1Eü/1'ÿ8240þl`Rý"þý
*2»ÿL,ÿMcý$
 ÿ `
vj
ý$
.=&«ý
ý"þ†. ÿ ý$&>Eü_$&;ý"ÿ ý&+ý'ÿ ü*Rý"þÚÿ üŸý$
B
"B
;³þ6n7/3ÿ<ü¾ý$
B
É
È
æ
B
å

B
r
ÈÊÉ
6
È
ì
i5E
M
å
E
Þ
B
E
É
Ð
ÃqÐ
æ
B
Ã
–
å
B
Ã
i
i
Ã
É
Ñ
 i5 E
É
i
i1G
…
Ã
6
å
iSG
6 Ñ
É

Þ
Ñ
É
i
6

iSG
Ð
É
i
iSG
. † 6
Þ
Þ
6
M †Ü Ü O
6
Ñ


–
Þ
Þ
6
î
Šþ.ÿ0þ®ÿ¦
$]
;ý"ÿEü
Ñ+Š‚(,ÿ ü *
ü
Ð
– 6
i
É
r+ÓrRÑ
Ð
Ü6
Þ
6 K 6 …
r+—GRъ
6
å
iSG

Ð
i5
i1x
É
Ð
E
ü
Ã

Ñ

Ñ
Ã
6
û
Ð
i1|
&0þ6+ÿ ü Gý'ÿ[ü
.
Þ
B
Ã
ÿ ýIÿ‡
Þ
 O
i
É
E
…
í i
åÞ
É

Ð
[ 6 J5
K 6– 6
Ð
r+Ó(i5іJ6—ýlEÿ
Ð
$6*[ÿ83ü:R2]¿
Ã
r
È
B
È
Þ
[ü+X;³þs[ü2†>12
Š
+Š;³þ@&J.ÿ /
ü
ŠþGý>Sc‡0`
ð
X ñ 6
Þ

&[
Iý"þsEý'þ
‡ 2n/.uý
Sÿ[.ÿ ü Gý"ÿ
ýs<ü¾ý$
”ý'þ#t@&Gý'ÿ[ü6
¸ý"þ‡
$=3ü
ð
X ñ
Ã
+
É
E

Ñ
]x Á
ò
í
† .
Þ
î
/¸
·¢}¡¢g¥@ž# §­[©lknmj¥›NŸœ‡ <÷LŸ›Pœ‘Þ=øh­[¨ˆ Ò{
$[=þS
ý"þ_1+ÿ ü*
ÿ ü¾ý
$n&©ý"þc.ÿ.3ü'ÿ[ü$”ý/]
ý&
K
ý$
$/©ÿ ü
 _$
–
A*Eÿ3ü“
$
™ÿ
ü
+m;³þ
I .
Q
È
[üžý
$
Eü/`—ý=Eü2
Þ
B
ÿ ü
Eü*)‘]<ü<ü¾ýs[ü¾ý$
'ÿ&+ý"ÿ[ü?=
$‹n`Ÿÿ ü *
+
;³þ#$.ÿ ü ([ý.]
$Gý&
ÿL+ýEÿ ü6
$
›š‡È š æ
Šþ
$¿
š æ
š å
š
Þ
~
Ð
É
K
~
È
È
É
i
É
å
üi
Š{
š –
x|
û
: >ÈTÉ
6 Ñ
E(i5
Ð
É
û
6K 6
Þ iSr
É
…
E
x
É
E
Ð
Ñ
Þ
Ñ
š 6 – 6
Ã
.
G(+”ûeý¦
$¿
r+Ó|@Ñ
Ð
Ð
† Þ
†

K Ñ6
û
K
Ñ
Þ
Ü .
Ñ
6
6
Þ
í
6
† .
Þ
Þ §x Á
î
Þ
Þ
ƒÃ
EüM.8)
¿
ü
å
M
û
…
r
Ã
x
O
Ð
† Ñ
Þ
&..
Sÿ”[&
‡
$ & $
ý +Òû^ü™ý"þsSý$
$[ü*)Sþ1
# ÿ Þÿ
ÿ[&+üý$.]†;ýlÿ ü
ò
ý"ÿ[ü™ý$/U
Gý$&
$s]3ý=<ü2n ÿ ü
6+ýEÿ
r
Ã
Þ Ð
É
É
Ð
Þ
Ñ
Ã
Þ
Ñ
i1r
Ð
Þ
Ã
6 *
6K Ð
K

È
ÿºý'þ
Þ
K

É
E
–
Îý$™ý'þ?k
$;ý{
$
³ÿ ü
e{S\=Q
š å –
Ñ
vJÿ ü 82J=Q&MGý$³ý"þŠý
$Eü'ÿ
M+
.
K

Þ Ð
š 6
É
E
!
È
|
È
Ã
7B œœ
œœ œ~ ~
ý'þ‡[ü.ÿ ý'ÿ[üP¿
6
ý"þý.]
$Gý&
$‹
Eü*‹
›š
ý$
6–
Ð
r+ÓEÑ
ý”ý'þþ'*Eü§.þ
:
$4vJÿ*+Fr+ÓrÑ+=Ò{
Ð
=$&] iý"þGýºþ'*Eü+þ$Îÿ®ý'þCk
$;ýf.þ$]1
'ÿ ü*OGý( ÿ ü*zSŠü
$
›™ :
. ý +¢û‘Ðý'þ.ÿ©ÿRüEý.A$J
ý"þ
Ð
×
ý'ÿ[ü«ý$/U
Gý$&
$0
ºþR2n]Eý"þuý"ÿ
$™
іJŠ
þ
ÿ[ºý$
EüSÿ
Ð
×
ý iý'þºþ–'*[üN.þ +‹;³þÙuý
Kÿ z
ü
$EüŸý0#§x Á
ü*RGý"ÿ8+Š;³þ.ÿ=.Eü
Šÿ
ý'þ
ˆ
ÁmÈ
&Z+ý'þ
Q
›š :
ý$/U
Gý$&
$
$Eü*
ý'þGý
ý'þQ .
ÿ ü(
ý$/U
Gý$&
$
x+p:
S
JJý'þ
$–)3ü
*2òÿ6™ÿ
ý/]
ý&
ÿ ü»ý'þ=
$Eü*
$š :
ÿ
ÿ
Ñ
ý
Gü
UJ*2(
[ÿ
Ð
üØý'þft@&Gý'ÿ[ü<
š 6
þ+ÿ*[þ
=
ãj
ý'þ
±ý'þ0%2(;ý:+Š…
›
Ð
K 6– 6
ü.ÿZ
¹ý"þ+ÿ6
'ÿ<ü¾ýlý"ÿEü<
‹
üÎý"þ6Sý$
$[ü*)Sþ1
c ÿ™ÿ ý1+
ÑÄÿ³üGýQEÿ ü 3ÿ3ü+
sSþ]¹ÿ
ü¾ýºý'þ?EüQ1{
9X È
= LX^
v
ºþ–'*[üRÿ f
ý
*[ÿ8
ý"þÞÿ üŸý$
$3ý'ÿ[üA]3ý
K
6<ün)
2n./3ý$
2
&.ü_<ÿ
$¿
ÿ ü¾ý$
$n&
r(+g;³þÎün)eý"þÅ
@xžyžÙõöbuÙiv]Ö
.ÿ8e
<ü
ý'þ
-ó
ëô
<ÿ
$+Îû^ü-Eý"þ
‹=
JÒÿ8[[ü/'(Gü
ý"þRÿ ü¾ý
uý"ÿEü<Šÿ ý"þ9$3ýg+ÿ
$3ý'ÿ[ü<ŠÿX]1
¹ÿ
$/3ý
üÎý"þ0
ûeý{
$3uýŠý"þ»ÿ ü¾ý
'üL
ü@2/k*&
$QEü4Eüs1EüC]Q
'ÿ3ü¾ý.Šÿ ý"þ.
$$]3ý³ý$4
Sý'ÿ&M
.ÿ
$uý"ÿ[ügEü2òÿ8Äÿ $
ý †Sþ],ÿMGý$†
ý"þ0k*&
ÿ
ý"þQ
'ÿ<ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[ü
,-6..þ'ÿ”Ký"þGý³ý"þ6U
Gü6ý"þ6Gü*&
>U3ü<ü»ÿ
ü
JP++8+ÓÑ
Ñ+¦;³þ@&X=
.ÿ3ýý"þ#]
$]<ü.ÿ&M
Ð
×
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[üiý]ý'þ6[ü82CSý?
'ÿ<ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[üÎÿ
*2[ü82iÿ
.ºý$
c
Á
Ñ
È
= † g ?
?
HKJ
Ã
üòý'þk
Sý»ü[ü()‘”
$
$
+
Ð
Dài
æ
ÿ ü¢ý"þ'(EüSÿ[üÅ
$
$<ü¾ý6S)Kuý
+_;ˆ`,ÿ ü *>ÿ
$][ü©ý$
ü¾ý:&.ü¾ý»ý"þGýý'þ
Òÿ üŸý$
$3ý'ÿ[ü]3ý=<üCuý
Ð
$
Ð
(+8ii5Ñ ÑJ=
{‘ Rk
­·¢Až#›NŸ›NŸ
(˜
šL›Pœ‡(ž=Ÿ ¦œ
L­[©Pœ‡£U›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
temperature
τS(0)
τS⊥
τS||
τtr
Œc*
vJÿ*&
$6r(+Ór¿
Eÿ[üXSý.ÿ ÿ ý2.ý"þþ–'*[üL.þ ®
ÿ ü_;ý
[
ü*'þ
[3S
Eü&iý"þGýºý"þEü*)‘]<ü<ü¾ýRý
$/Rÿ
K 6
j
ý'þC
$C<ü
$*2"'þ&m]Gýf1;ý
ü
–
ÿ
Ñ+ų
; þ_
$C ý"þ
/3ý$
ÿ.ÿ8e $3üŸý+“‚—þ1
/
$1`n©ý"þ_
Eýlý"ÿEü
Ð
2 /.uý
%2Rÿ üRý"þ{%2(;ý:JnSý'ÿ&Gý"ÿ ü*Ðý'þ{
$
$
n
*
.ÿ3üŸýlш.ÿ
uý"ÿEü.GüS>)
Ð
ü*0
Š0.
ÿ$S
ÿ™
ÿ ü
ý"ÿE
ü†]3
ý=3
üS
ÿ<
ü¾ýG
ý"ÿ[
ü+¦³
; þ@&Iý"þcG
ü*–)U3
ü3
üŸýIý$
.Iÿ ü
ý"þs
Q3ü
*2/'þ&.Us
$U
;ý"ÿ[üý1;ý
ý$®ý'þQ5=;ý] 'ÿcUS=
=
;³þ.ÿ‹SSý‹U$'ÿf]S
®ÿ?3ý$
Þÿ ü 9R2
K
Ùuý
ý"þEü
3
ý
–
„
–
ý"þ/Sý$
$&uý&
+
іÒ
+ û^ü
r(+iS~Ñ
ü
G
ü¾ý
>†.ÿ üGý"ÿ[üP+ˆ‚(Jn[üc&C–']uý ý'þ
<
Ð ÿ
Ù
Ð
$6<ü
$*2Îý$/]‹Eü*)‘]<ü<ü¾ýsSýl
Sý"ÿ ü*
$ý"þ
Ñ>
$
+
Ð
,-Þ
ÿ&;ý
ýº
ý"þE
ü+
ý4Š
ÿ ý"þëý'þ5Š
ÿ ü*'/™
ÿ üAŠ
þ.ÿ0
þ-.1&Gý
ý"þ†
$<ü
$*2z‡%2nSý.{Šÿ ý"þzEý"þ
Q
E
ýlGý'ÿ[üZ
/.3ü¾ýsEü_
Sý'ÿk3ÿMU.þ 6Šþ+ÿ0þ
þ
$
$C
å È
ý{uý
Šþ
Þ
ˆ82—ÿ ü *ÿ
å
-i ê
Ñ
ë
ÐÙÍ
üý"þ=MEü#]
ˆ
È
ë
Ã^Í
ÿ[*[ÿ8<üR2]¿
ê
ä
Ñ
ˆ
È
Q
ý'þ‡(3ÿ ý26.ÿ
$3ý"ÿ[üPJ
(JZŠþ.ÿ0þ"$
'ÿU$t@&
i5(J§Šþ.ÿ0þO$
'ÿ]¹þ+ÿ*[þ82>ü[ü()‘ 2n./3ý$
'ÿ†2( ÿ ü()
Q
Sÿ1>GýSý
SüP+^o>&Gý"ÿ ü *Øý"þSý
&3ý$&
$_EüSýEü¾ý
Šÿ
ý'þÎý"þþ
Ð
k÷ Ž
(+F~RÑ4EüQÿ
Ð
r+8iS~RÑJn‹+ýEÿ ü
Äý'þ?
$‹3ü
*[ÿ¿
B

ÈÊÉ
r
Þ
k÷ Ž
å
ÈTÉ
Þ

G
×
†
Þ
È
Æ
r
Þ
å
Ã
û^üÞý'þs1
†
Þ
r wÃ
i5
Ð
6
6
6
Þ
Ã
å
–
r
!
É
B
|
É
Þ
†
Þ
å
Ã
r
|
Ð
6 r
Ð
É
K
å
Ã
É
Ñ
Ñ
Þ
É
ì
x
6
Þ
üŸý$*
$Gý"ÿ ü*
Ð
r+—ûÑ
–
|
ۈÉ
Ñ
6
É
å
6
0RÑÒý"þsSý$
$&uý&
Q,ÿMGý$=
GRÑJ§Šþ.ÿ»ÿ
r+ÓxRÑ
Ð
U3ü.ÿ&
¸ý
+,gEü'ÿ
»ý<$¿RÑ
Þ
Æ
l`A2n ÿ ü
$?GüO§Ñ
2n./3ý$
2+{,g4Eü'ÿ
Q
ý'þ
ý"þ‹1
*‹3ü'ÿ ý2
È
Ñ
ÐÙÿ
K 6– 6
j
M
Ð
|

K
Þ
|
Ð
Ã
‹<ÿ
ÿ
* †
| Á
Þ
…
Ã
…
rRÑ
Ü
6
r
å
6
r+ÓûÑ
Þ
Ð
å
rÑ] ÁÉ
'ÿ üs
Á
O †
ò
Ð
r+ÓüRÑ
†
È
È
æ
å
Ð
üý"þ4k
$;ý0
+{;³þ+ÿQ*Eÿ
ü™ý'þs$[üC
$
üý'þ4$4§Ñÿ ý0
$2n{$iÿ
–
š’
/G
·¢·¢O®-Ÿœ nmj¥›NŸœ‡ O÷LŸ›Pœ‘Þ=øh­c¨X K
K
ü
E
SýlGü.ÿ ü*¿ÿ ü
r+ÓûыEü
r(+—üÑ®ÿ ü"
[ü¾ýfý"þEü*–)U3ü<ü¾ýRý$
$/+
Þ
Ð
Ð
V Eý'þ1 ³þ1ý'þ0$.QUS=
[
]
&$?
r+8iS~RÑ+Jû^üiý"þ¹ü–',ýc$uý"ÿ[ü
Ð
=?'þ
¹
þSy.
ÿeU
<
ü¾ý['(
'ÿE
ü_
ý"þ03&3
ý$&G
ý"ÿ[
üÎÿ ü¾ý$*
$]Š
ÿ]
$n&6
.ÿ8e
$<ü¾ýsS=;ý{]
§°&§
û^üëý'þ.ÿ?
r(+ÓxRё)
K
–
¿u xw
¸0³
ï
'ÿ?]5=
c
]µ
+
÷ º
¸ w<³ ó_¶½/»<r
vr
<¸0³
uý"ÿEüg=.[ü'ÿ
ý"þ.Eý'þ
6 ÿ ™ÿ
€
ï
ý
G+™û^üëý"þ+ÿ61 ™ý'þ/$&+ý"ÿ[üO
r+—ûÑ[Eü2 ÿ *[þ¾ý2C,ÿMýs
$Úý'þ‹t@&.ÿ ÿ Sÿ&´[ü4Eü:=4Eü<[üSý$
$&uý
Ð
Ð
z]
;ý&
Gý"ÿ[üëý'þ
2AŠÿ
ï
ý'þmz$.#
/3ý$
+z;³þ@&®ý"þC;ý
&3ý$&
$Ù3ý
®ÿ
*[ÿ8<ü_R2iý"þ‹t@&Gý"ÿ[üP¿
\
Ð
Ñ
ƒ
È
í
?  ß
æ
?
ï
?
î
\
Ð
Ñ
×
?
Ð
\
¶
È
Ñ
ð
ì
æ Ð
\
Ñ
À
?
¶
À
æ Ð
ñ ò
ÑÄÿÄý"þ‹t@&.ÿ ÿ
Sÿ&
Sý$
$&uý&
‹Ù3ý
+
æ Ð
v5Š
ÿ ü*Äý"þ#[ü&Sÿ[ü¦—ý"þ‡
,ÿ&X 3ý'ÿ[ü‹#&Gý$
Eü¿ý"þ/S=;ý4]$Sÿ
$
®ÿ
EüŸý$
'ÿ&+ýÒý$³ý"þN3&3ý&Gý"ÿ[üÿ
ü
ï
J¦Šþ.ÿ0þ
ü¾ý*
j+L;³þ
ý"þ>;ý
&3ý$&
$>Ùuý
+Nç¦
$™ÿ ü *
Eü_&Sÿ ü *
Ð
[ Ð \Ë
r(+—EÑ=
[ 8
È
Ñ
æ Ð
#
Ð
\Ë
Ñ
\
ы+ýEÿ
ˆ † Ñ6
Ð
T
| c
Þ
É
J
ï і+ÒsS
ãj
Ð
JI‡`
\ Ñ
ÿ ü¾ý*
Gý'ÿ[ü®ÿ ü
#
Eü
Ð
\Ë
È
Ñ
[ 8
#
r+Ó~RÑ
™ V
ï
Þ
²@i
ùø úø
å
Ã
Ã
r+FrRÑZŠÿ
ý"þ
Þ
Þ
Ã
ÆSÆSÆ
\
Ð
µ
ûø
×
»ý
®ü
Ñ
Gý
¶ÿ üKý"þ#–'(
$$'ÿ[ü
Ð
ÿ ü¾ý$*
$K¿
\ ÑP& j Ð K 6
å \ Ñ6( Ð
;ü
Ѧ*[ÿ83üf@2
r+Ó~RÑ
Ð
j
Ð
K
Ñ
Ð
r+FrGRÑ
¶
ø
i
È
å
È
Þ
É
[ 8
Ð
üiý'þ?3&3ý$&Gý'ÿ[ü
ï
Ð
ÿ
Šþ
$
ø
Ñ
Ð
\
Šþ
$
\
† !i
… c
É
r
i

r ñ ñ
ÿGüq,
' ý$<
üSÿ[
üu
r+F~Rº
Ñ ý¢þ.ÿ*[þ
.
Ð
$&..Gý"ÿ[üCS
{
]1Gý$>ÿ ü +ÿ+
û^ü"t@&ý"ÿEü
É
r
žg
g Ñ K Ë ÞZ
ZZ Ã
Ã
Ã
 c Ð
û
h
h
r
g ržgðlð
r‘gñ%ñ É
g Ñ*
! g g
ZZ
Ã
Ð
Ã
ü c
Þ ¶2 h ¶‡h
Ä
¶
¶
K
i
É
g
i É
Ñ
g
l
ð
ð
g
%
ñ
S
ñ
Ñ
g
!Ë g Ë
*
Ë
Z Z Ë ÞZ
ÞZ Ð
Ã
ÃyÐ
Ã
r c

Ä
h h
¶/ h ¶‡h
Ä
K Ä
g
i
† K
g
žg
g Ñ É
g
 Ë g
*
Ë
Ã
Ã
Ã
ì | c Ð Þ Ã
x c
iSG c 6
r Ð
Þ
‘g
r ðlð
«ÿ ü
K
Ñ
ò
+yÒs
:=O$ &/
Cj
K 6
Ã\ÆSÆSÆ
ý'þ
r(+ÓrGÑ6Gü
ÿ ügŠþGý‹Sc¹ý"þ™ý
.‹
Ñ6
.&]
$ /
Ð
Ð
EüC=?ºüEý[
$3ü¾ýý'þ#þ
$+#Òs5=
J?.ÿ&$ ý"þÿ ü&
>&MGý'ÿ[ü+
/ù
{‘ Rk
­·¢Až#›NŸ›NŸ
šL›Pœ‡(ž=Ÿ \
;³þ
)eÿ ü U3ü3üŸýŠý$
$/Šÿ
c
È
ó
È
‘g
È
å
r ðlð
i
c
x
Ã
Ã
c

v
Iý"þQEü.ÿ Eý
R2ºý3ü$
t§+
t@&ý"ÿEü+
ûeý
Gý'ÿ ü*ºý'þ
g
Êý
ih
å
È
ï
Þ
Ð
r
h h žg g
Ä
ÄÞ g
Þ
Ã
Ã

‘g
r ðlð
ï
Ð
Ð
‘g
Ã
É
T
™ V
ï
c
g
c
r+Fri5Ñ
Ð
Þ
h h
g g
ÆSÆSÆ
É
¿
ZZ
Ñ

Ã
Ã
ÆSÆSÆ
Þ
ý'þt§+ r+h|@ъ*[ÿ=† 3ý=
Ð
ы+ýEÿ üP¿
ý
h
† Ñ6ˆ
Ð
| c
Þ
Þ
Ã
O
ü
K 6
Ð
¬j
Ñ[Eü
Þ
ï
ó
† Ñ6ˆ
| c
Þ
r ñ%ñ
r+FrGRÑÒý*3ý'þ
‡Šÿ
Ð
¿j
&>ý$
h
Z
Z
T
™ V
Mg
c
|G
g
ï
É
å
i
r ñ%ñ
Ã
Ã
Þ
Ã
…
Ã
ó
c
† Ä
g
‘g
L­[©Pœ‡£U›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
|+—Ñ[ü¾ý
Sÿ&+ý$Ký©ý"þ6tn&Gý"ÿ[ü
Ð
îí
Ã
i
ü
Šþ
$
ó
¦œ
Þ
Ã
r+FrRÑ
ÆSÆSÆ
Ð
Šþ
$
ý
h
å
ý
h
KÛ
È
K
Þ
Ã
K
È
Þ
²Ir
K
x
fŠtn&
Gý"ÿ[ü
Û
Þ
O$&+ý"ÿ[üm
Í
ð
Í
ð
r
† iSGRE c 6
Ã
DFE~
û^ü
Ð
r+FrrRÑ
‡
ð
X ñ 
r+Fri5эEü
Ð
š hš
X X Ã
È
ÿKý'þ.t@&.ÿ ÿ
Sÿ&
ð
Í
ÓÍ
š
ñ
Þ ÐÙÍ
ñÑ
Í

Ã
h
ð
ð
Í

Ã
Í
J
c
g
Eü
h
r+iSÑN&'ÿ ü *
Ð
‡
LK 6
T
É
ï
h
É

Ð
ï
Í
ñÑ
Ã
H
Ñ
Í
b
š hš
|‘X X ýg[ü;ý
r+i1rRч1
Û
Þ
ˆ † iSüG Ü c
æ—
Ü
r
/ ÿ ý&f*Eÿ3ügR2
Ð
h
É
i
›š
›šŠÈ
Â
Ã
Í
Ñ
b
Ã
ÆSÆSÆ
B
&3ýiý'þz
z3ü
*2
Ð
r(+—ûіJ
Ð
r+Fri5ÑEü
r+ÓrÑJ
Ð
ý$®ý"þ{SŠÿ ü*?t@&Gý"ÿ[ü.
§x Á
ý'þ.t@&Gý"ÿ[ü
r+FrrRÑ
Ð
Ð
r+8i5ûÑ0Gü
;ýlEü[
Äý"þ‹Eü*–)^ÿ ü]<ü<ü¾ýs
Sýc”ý'þ?
$63ü
;³þ‹$.ÿ ü (¶ý.]
$Gý&
$
ÎÆSÆSÆ
Ã
$*[ÿ8<üÅR2
Ð
™ V
Í
h
ZÍ Z
h
ñ
r+ÓrÑ/
$z3ü&*Eþ
6<ü
$*2U¿
Û
ÐjÍ
Ã
r+8i5іJŠŠþ
B
Šþ
$
h
6 š _
Þ
Í
š
åžh µ
Ã“Í Z Í Z
h
h
ñ
Í
Þ
h
6 š _
c š žå Þ Í
Ð
ñ
Í
Ð
$$]uý"ÿ82+Iû^ü¾ý*
Gý'ÿ[ü.
ý"þ6
û
Ã
š hš
X h
6
† šX
Þ
Ã
r … c Í
š
å Ñ h
†
† Þ
Û Ð
Þ
Í
Ã
iSü c
rG c 6
hÞ
h Þ
*2+
r+iSEÑ+
Ð
ÿ[*[ÿ8<ü_R2]¿
K 6
T
ï
ï
™ V
Þ
Û
ˆ † —
x|RG Ü c
æ
Ü
§x Á
Ð
r+Fr|@Ñ
·¢ Ý@¢mš]­[©XšL£¨
Šþ
$
Â
Ô
¥øh­c©
ÿ ü&Òý'þQGü*–)^ÿ ü]<ü<ü¾ýIý
$/+N;³þ{ .
ÿ ün—ý/]
ý&

ÿŠ5'n)
ÿ.[
Á
È
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[üP+
G+T…Äýiý'þO/Øý'ÿ/J³ý"þ:
$O3ü
*2
ÿC™ÿ ü.ÿ>
«ý"þO$/
ûeý/1Eü«ý"þý[ü82Qý'þO
$c
'ÿ<ü¾ýlý"ÿEü
ÿ.SýlO&.ü
C=1`
'þ1
+
;X?k&ü+ÿ'þ&
Š 2n./3ý$
2Eü82(SÿN=ŠüEýÄý'þGý
ÿ üf
'ÿ ü<ÿ
ý'þ>3&uý&ý"ÿEü™ÿ ü¾ý)
K
*
$
ï
r+FrGRÑ>[ü¾ýlEÿ üsP] 'ÿ64.ÿ üý"ÿEü[N]S
${
Eü
Ð
ýiý'þ 2n/.uý
2<
$*&.3ü¾ýKý"þEü*&
Q]<ü3ü.]1
$ÿ ü
ï
'ÿ4
$
¹ÿ ü
*
.3üŸýcŠÿ
§°
ð
ý"þ
Ð
þ+ÿ0
Š
þ¿ÿ
Ð
r +FrrRÑ>Gü
ï
ÿ ü
Þ
r +Fr|@і+
Ð
ý'þ.ÿ?$1Ñ?Eü
ý"þºý'þ.ÿ
+…{
$.
ÿ ü*
Þ
ý'þfS=Sý6]‰)
A
$
¹ÿ
K
ü
+;³þ.ÿ¹ÿ¹ÿ
ü
ñܽ/¾O·ö»OµN¶½/¾
û^üÎý"þ.ÿ[0þ+ý$
[=»þS†SþSŠüþ55ý"þ?
'ÿ3ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[üU]<þ1,ÿ&
[ý"þ¹þ–'*[ü
.þ$?&.ü
>Sÿ/s'þ
>3S
1Eü]0$
'ÿ]
ÿ ü«ý"þ{
/=
$`/¸ý'þ02,ü™ÿ8)
1L.nPk
$Sý{]zR2_v
$
'ÿl`@$[ü_
³ý"þ‹M/MDFExIHj+
Eü*&M
cU3ü3üÒý"þ‹|Eý'þ()
c
Sý$':&.ü3ý'ÿ[ü
$J]
ý"þ&*[þØÿ ýÿsIüiÿ.]
;ýlEüÿ ü_t@&.ÿ ÿ
Sÿ&
;³þ[
/3ý$
K
ÿ ü¾ý
(&Jý"þ³ÿ
(+8ii5Ñ>12({.
$&3
ÿM
Ð
$f‚(3ý'ÿ[üOr(+i‹
{3ýlGÿÑ+
Ð
ü¾ý
$3ý'ÿ[ü4Uuý<ü/Sý
&3ý$&
$sEüf'þ
N3S\Gü
Scˆ
Òý'þ[
$EýGý"ÿ[ü( 2n/.uý
24
$`Ÿÿ ü *+N;³þc0þ
$3ý$
‡
]<ü‡[üºý'þ['þ1
Š
$GýcEüºý"þ[
$&
û^üý'þ.ÿc/(¶ý'þ
ý"þŠÿ ü¾ý$
3ý"ÿ[üf–)
ý"ÿ ü*?.þ$[.ÿ*
Éþ‡0/'f;ý
,gQ
.ÿ3ý
ý"þ{
'ÿ<ü¾ýlý"ÿEü©ý$]{;ýlQý>SŽGüÞý'þQ]
<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[üGý
þ.ÿ*[þ.'þ
>
$Gý+#b0&
2,ü™ÿˆ+þ$.ÿ*
$
& $
ý [
$
&3ý$&
$+
U3ü.ÿ&M
=
Sÿ8)
ÿ ü*
$/<ü¾ýŠÿ ý"þ«ý'þ0'(]
Sÿ/<ü¾ýl
f
f
N)ç #çƒ%2nSý
D}|iHj+b0&
6E
ü82n'ÿ
Ð
'þ5cÒý'þGýˆ'(U
'ÿ.3üŸý;ý&(24&ý'þÄþ–'*[ü.þ$[
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[ü®ÿNuý&2?
%2
.ÿ87.&
vJÿ*+Ór+8i1§Ñ[
Ðý'þç
ý¹ý$:]
%
$_+/V&
$6<ü
$*[ÿcý"þ6.ÿ8e
#
E B E
;³þ.ÿQ.ÿ8e
$<ü
ý"þ/
K 6
þÿ
È
ÿ
&& K 6 M
ÿQ–'—ý$
$.2_$.
#
2n/.uý
%2A
$*&.3ü¾ýJäý"þ/+ÿeU
$3ü™ÿ
$<ü¾ýs
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[ü
&& O
B
B ä
È
ò€

ò€
#B ü
ï
×
Þ
Bãâ
É
×
ý'þ
G
K
sM/MJt§+—n+F|@ûÑ
Ð
Eü/0
Sý"ÿ&
ˆ
'ÿ3ü¾ýlGý'ÿ[üºÿŠ[ü824 ÿ *EþŸý$2‹/
$>;ýlÄý"þEüºý"þcEý'þ
ˆ[ü+Š‚(/
&/'(]
'ÿ.3ü¾ýlŠSÿ–)eUuý
1Gü:'ÿ2C &
ý"þzeUuý"ÿ8<Sþ1
.
Gý$
Rý"þ
&.ü¾ý
ý"þ
ÿ `ºý"þ/
$
'ÿ ü *
ÿ ü3&<ü
ý'þ6&
$‹
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[ü]U3þ1,ÿ&
[=6.ÿ
û^üm/
Sÿ [
ügŠÿ ý"þmo
®ê €ìë
Ð
/
‹Šÿ
ï
ü
ÿ[
$]
;ý"ÿEühý$
& $
+
þ+ý
_=iÿ*Eü
$ëý'þiþR2n
$n2,ü™ÿ.
$uý"ÿ[ü®ý$
ï
ý$
Eü'ÿ ý'ÿ[üAÿ
ý"þ2/=&
ý'þ/lÑ
<t]+ n+F|iSÑ$Ñ+
;³þ$<
$
3ý'ÿ[üC
z
$$][üSÿ
Ð
Ð
üAý'þ_M/M
‹.þ :&+ü
/Sý$
$[ü*gSþ1
+q;X`3ü
ÿ ü¾ý$
2©ý®ý'þs/ý$
Eü'ÿ
ý'ÿ[ü™ÿ ü©ý"þ
þ–'*[üU.þ$+
zj
Ò{S=
J¾ý'þ.ÿÿ”üEýŠGü41 2»ýl `†]&$[üSþ&`Rý
$/ˆ&®ý
Šý™þ14Eü<Eü*–)U3ü<ü¾ýs&+cp:
S
J
4.þ<ü/<ü[üGýÄþ+ÿ*[þ.'þ
>
ý
ÿ
ÿ ü
Ð
K 6– 6
Ñÿ
ü
ý"þ®þ'*[üZ.þ$‹$&0þ
üEý>`ŸüSŠüPJGüCQU;ý][üKþR2n
$
$3ý'ÿ[ü³ý$&—ý&
†Gü2nSÿ+‡Òs
6=»þ1‹
1'+ÿý
ï
R2
ï
+
(2,üÞÿ
™
{‘ Rk
­·¢Až#›NŸ›NŸ
šL›Pœ‡(ž=Ÿ …ÐüGý"þ
N
$Eÿ
ü.ÿ ü*{
¦œ
L­[©Pœ‡£U›Pœ¦¥§Ÿ¨X©Nª‡Ÿ ¥Rž#Ÿœ‡ª]«g¥›NŸœ‡ <¬n£5­Z®
w[ü
SüÒý"þ>Sý.ÿ ÿ ý26&ý'þ
ÿK+h+‡2( ÿ ü
$[Šÿ ý"þÎý"þ3ÿ
cI'—ÿs
'ÿ3ü¾ý>üEýÿ ü
ý'þ6.ÿ
ý$
Eü%
$2n ÿ ü
$J
uý"ÿEü_X3SÜD}rIHj+b?&
[.n
1Gü.üEý4 'ÿUSýl.ÿ ÿ ý2O³ý'þÞý$
Eü $$>
Sÿ<ü¾ýGý"ÿ[ü\DhErHj+z…
'þ&]6Uý.3ý$?&
[;ý&2+
üEý'þ
4
R0þ
¦ § ¨ª© «­¬¯®
µ º ¬ µ ¬ ¶·”¬ º N· ¨´®
¨ ®§ «­¬ «$º ®¢¬ ¶µ «$§ ¬ ® ”¬ µ « ¨ «¶µ ¨¸·
ª
© § ¨ª¹o¬ ¬ § ¨ ¶º ®
"!$#&%')(+*, -/.102-43,-/5768"#9 .:(; -< )(;&:"-<68. !=-/>'(; !$68"(+?@*")(+#9-43"!$(+A8. (+5B#C*".9-/3"!=%D -/3
E 68.&# "-/(+. -D3GFIHKJ"?=6L%'MN%D68*O6+?=PQ5B-D.R57-/?S:#&3"-/*T-/,3U68:,-V(+. %',!=:-D%D W". -<6 E 5B6+?$-/%DW"?$-D#/X
F1%D%/68.93"!$,AY:6GZ[)(;*,:-D. #7\Y(+"3]L^_!$`3"!=J"?$6Q%'MG%/68*T68?SPL57-/.a57-/?= #< "-b*)(+. (+?$?=-/?c*")(+#9!$#d#e'(+J,?$-fW""3"-D.a02-g(;Mh#9"-g(;./^(+"3G:"-f*T-/. *T-/,3"!$%DW"?i(+.j*""(+# -7!$#d#e'(+J"?=-fW""3"-D.<#e:. 6+"A
# ,-g(+.DXlkm-<#9"6n0o:"(;p:"!=#C3"6L-D#C"6+&"-/%D-/#9#:(+.9!$?=PN,68?$3 E 68.p6+ "-/.C5768?$-D%/W"?$(+.p(+.9%'"!= -/%rq
:W,. -/#DXskm-ut)"3m:)(;4FIH[Fv:.9!$J"?=6L%'Mw#j0C!=:x(+#9PQ575B-y:.9!$%7FzJ"?=6L%'Mw#V(+,3|{;}L^S~8^]L^=~8^S~+€gq
3"-D"3". !=5B-D. #d-r,,!$J"!SI:"-V.9-D‚+-/. #9-B*,)(+# -fJT-/)(g‚Q!$6+W"./ƒ&:"-f*T-/. *T-/,3"!$%DW"?i(+.I(+"3G*)(+. (+?$?=-/?
*")(;# -/#7-yL%')(;"A8-N:"-D!$.V*T68# !S:!$6+"#!$` "-N*")(+#9-s3,!i(+A8. (+5„Xm…p"-s(+*"*,?$!$%/(;:!=68`6 E "68.9!$-/>:(;:!=68)(+?†:. (+"# !S:!=68‡:"-D68.9PB:6f-g(;%'s*)(;.9:!=%/W"?$(+.[#ePQ#9:-D5ˆ# "6+W"?$3NJT-<(;%/%/6+5B*)(;"!$-D3
J>PN%g(+?=%/W"?$(;:!=68b6 E :"-a(+.9%'"!= -/%D W". -rq3"-D*O-D"3"-DwI*)(+.:(;5B-y:-/.9#<‰Š(+"A+W"?i(+.p3,-/*T-/"3"-D"%/-<6 E
:,- E 6+W".9 „6+. 3"-D.C‚+-/.e:-y E W,"%D !$68†‹rX
ŒYnŽ
K4‘c4’
“1”•“I‘–
—7“d‘‡µ•˜Oµ™’
šB›D“dœR˜U›D‘‘cœ[žUŸy”•“dœp”_˜U‘_“
BZ[)(+*, -/.l\102-&"(n‚+- E 68. 5W,?i(; -/3V(I:,-/68.eP3"-D# %/.9!$J"!="AI:,-p68. !=-/>'(; !$6846 E "-p?i(;5B-D?Sq
?i(;.l*,)(+# -R!$7#9 -g(+3,P7#9"-g(+.c )6n0¡¢}+£;¤ŠX¥kx-&#9:(+.9 -/3u0C!S:B(<*",-/"6857-/,68?$68A+!$%g(;?)¦(+"3)(+WQq
H[. (+§/6n‚Q# Mw!$!¨R(+57!$?= 68"!$(+
~
©`¡«ª)¤­¬
¡ °±²‰´³Iµ¶>·'‹e¸:¤iª¥‰Š¹º‹ ª¥‰»µ1¹º‹@±
\j®g¯
~
‰Š¹ÂrÃ'¹ ¸ Ã:¹ÅÄr‹ ª‰Š¹ÆÂe‹ ª¥‰´¹ ¸ ‹ ª‰Š¹ÅÄ'‹@±
‰ÈÇ"X=~n‹
],¼w® ¯½ ® ¯¿¾ ® ¯´À"Á
~
Ë ‰Š¹ÆÂrÃ:¹ ¸ Ã'¹ÅÄnÃ:¹OÌy‹ ª‰Š¹ÆÂe‹ ª¥‰´¹ ¸ ‹9ª¥‰Š¹OÄy‹ ª¥‰´¹OÌy‹
Ç"¼ ®g¯ ½ ®g¯ ¾ ®g¯ À ®n¯´É¥Ê
0C"-D. -I:,-I?$6Q%g(+?†3"-y‚Q!i(; !$68‡6 E :"-I3,-/"#9!=P‡6 E 68"-I%D685B*T68"-D> E . 6+5­!S:#Í(g‚+-/.:(;A8-1‚;(+?$W,*"?$(nPQ#1 "-.968?$-<6 E :"-6+. 3"-D.I*)(+. (+5B-y:-D.jª¥‰ÈÎ+‹rXIF1#I "-"-rQj#9:-D*º^º02-V# W"*"*T68#9-/3U:)(Ï
Ð)Ñ
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"ØuÙwÚhÔlØTÒ@ӕÛÜÖl×LÒ)ÖlÝ¥ØÅׇÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×
:,-h6+. 3"-D.„*"(+.:(+57-D -/.b3,PQ)(;5B!=%/#N!$#bA86n‚+-/. ,-/3oJ>Pâ(¦(+"A8-y‚L!=ã‰È68.Nä)68MwM+-D.eq»å_?$(+"%'ML‹
-/æwW)(Ï:!$6+ç3"-/#9%/. !=J"!$,Aè(`.9-/?$(ρ,(;:!=68é3"W"-U 63"!=êOW"# !=68ë(+"3â(`%D68>‚8-/%y:!=68K(;# # 6Q%/!$(;:-D3
0C!= „(+(;*"*"?$!=-/3b#9"-g(+.DX_kë!=:b "-j"-/?=*s6 E :,-<(;*"*". 6gL!$5B(; !$68
´‰ ¹ÆÂrÃ'¹ ¸ Ã'¹ÅÄr‹ì¬
‰gÆî¹ Âº±ïî¹ ¸ ±ïOî¹ Är‹
Á8í
Ë ‰Š¹ÂrÃ'¹ ¸ ÃgµR¹ÆÂrÃ/µ1¹ ¸ ‹ì¬ ˄ð ~Cµ`ñ‡‰ Æî¹ Â¥ò î¹ ¸ ‹ ¸ ó
Ã
ñYô ~
‰ÈÇ"Xõ\+‹
Ê
0C"-D. -|
î¹ ¬ö¹@÷;³b3"-D"6+ -/#4 "-BW,"!=j‚8-D%D 68.!$G:,-B3"!=. -D%D:!=68h6 E ¹¥^¥(+"3`(;?$?c¹Tq¿‚8-/%y:68.9#
)(g‚8-f:,-B# (+5B-f576L3,W"?$W"#a¶8·g^@02-B"(n‚+-u#9"6n0Cm:"(;j:"-7-DêO-/%y:!=‚+-B#e:-/(+3,P>q#e'(; -7 "-/.»q
576L3,PQ)(;5B!=%I*O6;:-/> !i(+?O)(+#p:"- E 68?=?$6n0C!$,A E 68. 5
Á
·»ý
Šý
ø1ù¢úeûè¬çø„ù¢ü ú»û ±ñ@øNù«ü ú»û2þ ‰´ÿb‹,%/68#
Ã
µRÿ ¸
þ ‰Šÿb‹_¬ ÿ Â
Ä
Ã
ÿ
à ÿ
‰ÈÇ"X]8‹
0C"-D. -Nÿ 3"-D"6+:-D#:"-u# "-/(+.V.:(; -+^• "-b(+"A+?$-s3"-D -/. 57!$,-/#4 "-b68. !=-/·»ý >'(Ï:!$6+x6 E "?i(;5B-D?$?i(;-‰
o¬ %/6+. . -D# *T68"3"#„:6:"-h*)(+. (+?$?=-/?I?$(+5B-D?$?$(+-n‹r^R(;"3²øNù«ü ú»û 3"-D"6+:-D#s "68.9!$-/>:(;:!=68Lq!="3"-D*O-D"3"-/>1*)(+.9j6 E "-*T6+:-D>:!i(;?øRù«ú»û1Xãf_æwW)(;:!=68‰´Ç,X]>‹&*". -D3"!$%y:#1 "*)(+. (+?$?=-/?"?$(+57-/?$?$(+-[ 6<JT-R#e'(+J,?$-&(;2?$6n0ç(+,3B:,-R*T-/.9*O-D"3"!$%DW"?i(;.l?$(+57-/?$?$(+-p(;l"!=A87# "-/(+.
.:(Ï:-/#DXͅp"-<(+3"3"!S:!=68)(+?@(;# # W,5B*, !$68x¡¢}+£;¤Æ(+JT68W,C:,-468.93"-/.C*)(+. (+57-D:-D.C3"-/*T-/"3,-/"%D-6 E
:,-j‚Q!=# %/6+# !=P‡6 E "-j#9PQ#9 -/5™!$‡ "- E 68. 5
‰´Î;‹_¬ ·¥± Â9ª¥‰ÈÎ;‹
(+?=?$6n0[-D3<W,#:6R*". -D3"!$%y•(&?$6n0` -/57*O-D.:(; W". -l. -DA8!$68a6 E #e'(+J,!$?$!SP E 68.:,-[*)(+. (+?$?=-/?8?$(+57-/?$?$(+!$b "-j?$!$57!=26 E "!$A+„#9"-g(;.&. (;:-D#/X
…p"-d#:(;5B- E 6+. 5B(+?$!=# 5„^w(+*"*"?=!$-/3B:64 "-d68. !=-/>'(Ï:!$6+)(+?):. (+"# !S:!=68"#[6Q%/%DW". .9!$"A4!$u ""-r"(;A868)(+?@*,)(+# -;^)A8!=‚+-/#
·»ý
Šý
ø
1¬çø„ü ±ñ Ä ø„ü /þ ‰Šÿb‹,%D68#†£
‰ÈÇ"X«Ç>‹
0C"-D. - "-Y(+,A8?$-m3"-y:-D. 57!$"-D#B:,-68.9!$-/>:(;:!=68è6 E :"-s"-y,(+A86+)(+?&?i(;9:!$%D-m‰
è¬
%/6+. . -D# *T68"3"#C:6V "-j*)(+.:(;?$?$-D?Å68.9!$-Dw:(;:!=68b!$N.9-g(+?º#9*)(+%D-n‹yX
…p"-‡#9W"5B5B(+.ePm6 E :"-B68. !=-/>'(; !$68"(+?_JO-D)(g‚Q!$68W".46 E :,-‡?i(+57-/?=?i(+.I(+"3`"-r,(+A868)(;?
*")(;# -/#j!=#I# "6n0Ch!$Gä¥!=A"X¢Ç"X=~+XQ!$57!$?i(;.&*,)(+# -f3"!$(+A8. (+5B#‰È0C!S:"68WLd68. !=-/>'(Ï:!$6+"#'‹&02-/.9*".9-/# -D>:-/3J>PxZÍ(; -/#(;"
3 s!=?$"-D.7¡«};];¤¿
^ (+.9æQW,-/#(;"3ZÍ(; -/#‡¡ ~8~ ϤŠ^•ä). -D3". !=%'MQ#968ç¡¢}+£;¤
(+"
3 sWL:wW"MwW"5B(+.R¡«}8}n¤¿X¥…p"-/#9-R*""(+# -C3"!$(+A8.:(;5B#¥(+. -p!=f(jæwW)(;?$!=:(;:!S‚8-[(+A8. -D-/57-/>_0C!= -yL*T-/.9!$57-/>'(+?@6+J"# -D.9‚;(;:!=68"# E 68.Í "-j?i(+57-/?=?i(+.I¡«}L^@~n} ¤Æ(+"3„"-r"(;A868)(+?l¡ÜÇ"~8^)Ç>\ ¤*")(;# -/#DX
…p"-p:,-/68.eP8^w"6n0[-y‚8-D./^ E (;!$?$#:6j*". -D3"!$%yl(+3"3"!S:!=68)(+?Q:.:(;"# !S:!$6+ E . 685 :"-C*T-/. *T-/,3"!$%DW"?i(+.
:6*)(+. (+?$?=-/?R68. !=-/>'(; !$68â(;N‚+-/.9Pâ"!=A8ë# "-/(+.„.:(; -/#x¡ ~ L^&\ Ϥ E 68.N. -/(+# 6+"#s3,!$# %DW"# #9-/3
!$â¡ ];¤Š"
X !C-/%D-/>768J"# -D.9‚;(; !$68"#V6 E (U"!=A8Lq # "-/(+..:(Ï:-b3"!=# 68.93"-/.9-/3#9:(;:-N!$#ePQ5B57-D . !$%
*T-/>'(+J,?$6Q%'MQ#CJ>$
P #I!=A8!$?=&
3 %('*),+.-1¡ÜÇ8Ç;¤Æ(+?=# 6f%g(;""6+CJT-j-yL*"?i(;!$"-D3N0C!S:"!=b:"!=#C(+*"*".96>(+%'ºX
kx-s0Í(+>‡ 6x68WL:?$!="-N:"-Y.968?$-„6 E "-Y*)(;.:(+57-D -/.7ñ !=è "-Y3"!=# %/W,# # -D3ç:"-D68. !=-/#/X
F1#d!SI0[(+#j"6+:-D3G!$hZ[)(+*L:-/.<\L^Å# !$,%/-f(+?=?:,-VæQW"(+>:!= !$-D#j(+. -V-y‚+(;?$W)(; -/3G(+#d#9-/.9!$-/#j!=
ñc^Æ "-B(+"A8?=-yq3,-/*T-/"3"-D>*)(+.ea6 E "-B "-/.95B6Q3,PQ)(+57!$%V*T6+:-D>:!i(;?•øì!$#a*". 68*T68.e:!$6+)(+?
ÙwÚ0/nÚÕnÔlØ,Ô21×+Ö2×"Ø4352×"Ø6†Ý76198pá8×LÒ@ÝágÔc؇ÔcØOÒ@Ó¥ÛÜÖ2×LÒ"Ö2Ýغ×
Ð;:
temperature
τ dh
(f)
τ dh
(f)
τ hl
shear rate
ä !=A8W". -[Ç"X=~+ƒ<LW"575B(+.9P46 E "-C68. !=-/>'(Ï:!$6+)(+?,JT-/"(n‚Q!=68W". E 68.• "-C"-y,(+A86+)(+?†(+"37?i(;5B-D?Sq
¥
?i(;.R*""(+# -D#d6 E FIHoJ,?$6Q%'M„%D68*T68?=PQ57-/.&5B-D?=:#&# W,J>=9-/%y:-/3G:6‡Z[68W"-y :-V#9"-g(;.1 )6n0jXºeR6;:-+^
:"(;[3,-/*T-/"3"!="A68B*)(+. (+5B-y:-D. #/^w:,-/. -1(+?$#964%D68W"?$3BJO-1(<3"!=. -D%Dl:.:(;"# !S:!$6+ E .9685ï3"!$#968.eq
3"-D.:6R:"-2?i(+57-/?=?i(+.º*,)(+# -d¡ ~8~ L^+}8} ¤ŠX¥FÍ¥§/-/.96d# "-/(+.¥. (;:-l:"-23"!$#968. 3,-/.eq "-y,(+A+68)(+?ʼn´3")‹
ý
ý
(+"3B"-y,(+A+68)(+? q?i(;5B-D?$?i(;-d‰´,?‹¥:. (+"# !S:!=68V:-/57*T-/.:(Ï:W".9-/#2:(+M+-&:"-C‚;(+?$W,-/#c°OA @ü ? (+"37°Or@ü ?ù
*".9-/3"!=%D:-D3UJ>P:,- )W"%D W)(; !$68 "-/6+.9P¡ £ ;¤ŠXdFÍj?$6n0 #9"-g(+.d. (;:-D#1:,-4:. (+"# !S:!=68:-D5fq
*T-/.:(Ï:W".9-/#ÍJT-/)(g‚+-d(+#CBoÿ ¸ ^L0C"!=?$-R(;Í"!=A8u#9"-g(;.Í.:(; -/#[(+#DBÿ Â Ä ¡¢}+],^T~8~Q^)}+£Q^"}+}Ϥ¿X
…p"-70Í(g‚wP`?=!$"-f5B(+. Mw#<(s%/.968# #96n‚8-/. E .9685 :,-B02-g(+MG:6s#9:.968"As# "-/(+.4JT-/)(g‚Q!$6+W"./X„
:,-Y?$!=5B!S7ÿ K^p:"- .:(+,# != !$68:-D5B*T-/. (;:W".9-/#‡.9-g(+%'ç "-/!=.u57-g(+Lq¿t)-/?=3|‚;(+?$W,-/#/ƒ
° A <¬oÇ ¸ ÷"‰´Ç>} Ë ‹&(+,3sE° yùO¬ïµ
‰ R±è>] F £>‹ ¸ ÷,‰¿} Ë ‹a¡ ~8~ ϤŠX&…p,-468.9!$-/>:(;:!=68"#C*". -D# -Dw -/3
%/6+. . -D# *T68Á "3 6IÊ 3"!$J,?$6Q%'Ma%D68*T68?=PQ57-/.Æ5B-D?=:#D<
X Á G1:,-/Ê .•(;. %'"!S:-/%y:W".9-/#c(+.9-[*".9-/3"!=%D -/3:6d"(n‚+:,-B.9-D‚8-D. #9-u*")(;# -73"!i(+A+.:(+50C!=:G:,-B*T-/.9*O-D"3"!$%DW"?i(;.<(;"3m*"(+.:(+?=?$-D?•*")(+#9-/#a#90[(+*"*T-/3
‰ HEIKJa‹yX
ÐML
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"ØuÙwÚhÔlØTÒ@ӕÛÜÖl×LÒ)ÖlÝ¥ØÅׇÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×
:6Nñ;NQ^@0C"-/.9-O3"-D*O-D"3"#a68U:"-f#ePL5757-D:.ePY6 E :,-7*,)(+# -s‰È# -/-7-/æw#DXi‰ÈÇ"X]8‹j(;"3艴Ç"X¢Çw‹y^
E 68.-r,(+5B*,?$-n‹r"
X „68. -D6 ‚+-/.D^l "-b*")(+#9-NJO-D)(g‚L!=68W".*,. -/#9-/>:-D3|!=ä¥!$A"X¢Ç"XS~u!=#J)(+#9-/368
:,-s(;# # W,5B*, !$68 )(;7Q
ñ PRTS E 68.VQ
ñ UVG02-N# "68W,?$3#90[(+*è "-N*")(+#9-/#u!=ä¥!$A"X¢Ç"XS~8^
# 67:)(Ï& "-a. -/A+!$68"#C*".9-D‚Q!$6+W"# ?SPb6L%D%/W"*,!$-/3sJ>Pb:"-a*)(+. (+?$?=-/?º*""(+# -j0C!$?=?@"6n0JO-D?$68,Af 6
:,-4*T-/. *T-/,3"!$%DW"?i(+.&68"-4(+"3‚Q!=%/-<‚+-/.9#:(U‰È# -/-4-/æw#/X$‰´Ç"X«]>‹1(;"3‰´Ç,X«Çw‹9‹yX&ä¥!=)(+?$?SP8^, "-<‚+-/.eP
*".96L%D-/3"W".9-p6 E :,-p-yL*)(+"3,!$"Ad*">PQ# !=%g(+?,æQW"(+>:!= !$-D#•!$#9-/.9!$-/#_!=ñ„%/68W"?=3JT-/%/6+5B-Í!=>‚+(;?$!$3
! E ñ!=#I"6+d#95u(;?$?¿X1…p"-/.9- E 68.9-+^@-D‚+-/U:,-VæQW"(+?$!S'(; !=‚8-a*".9-/3"!=%D:!=68U6 E "-V68. !=-/>'(Ï:!$6+)(+?
JT-/)(g‚Q!$68W,. E 68.p. -/(+?@#9PQ#9 -/5™. -DæwW"!$.9-/#p:"-jMw"6n0C?$-D3"A8-a6 E ñlX
U:"-40268.9M¡¢}+£Ï¤•(+"3hZ[)(+*L:-/.9#<\u(+"3G]u "-V(+#9# W"57*,:!=68Uñô ~40Í(;#dJ)(+# -D3G68
:,-R68J,# -/.e‚;(;:!=68V:)(;[¦@-/!=J"?$-DX. W¢#_%g(+?=%/W"?$(;:!=68"#&¡ Y£ ¤ E 68._3"!=J"?$6Q%'M5768?$-D%/W"?=-/#_#9"6n0â(j02-g(+M
(+"A+W"?i(+._3,-/*T-/"3"-D"%/-R6 E :"-&Ç+:f68.93"-/._‚+-/.9 -y E W""%y:!=68 Ë X•…p,-R# (+5B-C.9-g(+#968"!$,AaA+!=‚8-D#
ñ P[,s
Z
X e&-/!= "-/.¥# !$A+V"68._(+J,# 68?=W,:-l‚+(;?$W"-Í6 E ñN!=#•Mw"6n0C E Ê 68.6+:,-/.c(+.9%'"!= -/%D W". -D#/X• •!$#/^
"6n02-D‚8-D./^Q*O6+# # !=J"?$-2:6d%/6+""-/%yc:"-Í*,"-/"6+5B-D"68?$6+A8!$%/(+?L*"(+.:(+57-D -/.•ñN0C!= V5B!=%/.968# %D68*"!$%
*".968*O-D.9 !$-/#V6 E "-b#9PQ#e:-/5 (+"3%g(+?=%/W"?$(;:-u!=:#<‚+(;?$W"- E 6+.3"!=êO-/.9-/>f%/6+5B*T68# !S:!=68"#(;"3
(+.9%'"!= -/%D W". -D#N6 E "-G5B6+?$-/%DW"?$-D#/Q
X QW"%'K(*T68# #9!$J"!=?$!SP|!=#bJ)(+# -D3²6+ë "-G5B-/(+Lq¿t)-/?=3
%g(;?$%/W,?i(; !$68"#46 E "-sÇ;:68. 3"-D.7‚+-/.e:-y E W",%D:!=68 Ë XèéZ[)(;*,:-D.s~N0[-s)(g‚8-s# "6n0C
"6n0:6BA8-/,-/.:(;?$!$§D-4¦@-D!$J"?=-/X. W¢#R(+*"*".96>(+%' E 68.R(+U(;. J"Ê !S:.:(;.9Pb:6+*O68?=68A+Pb6 E :"-<FIHâJ"?$6Q%'M8q
%/6+*O68?SPQ5B-D.‡5B6+?$-/%DW"?$-D#b!$ç57-/?SgXãç:,- E 6+?$?$6n0C!="Ax02-m(;# # W,5B-U:"(;b0[-hMw"6n0 "-y,(+%y E W,"%D !$68 Ë ‰Š¹ÆÂrÃ:¹ ¸ Ã'¹ÅÄgÃ:¹OÌy‹[0C!= s(³ \º¬K¶>·/Xlkm-d0Í(+>&:6fW"#9-a "!$#C!$ E 68. 5B(;:!=68B 6
-yQ .:(+%yRñx(+"3 Ë Ê ]
X L!$"%D- Ë ‰gÆî¹ ÂyÃgµbÆî¹ ÂyÃLî¹ ¸ ÃgµNî¹ ¸ ‹ E . 685 ‰´Ç"X\8‹23"-D*O-D"3"#&68"?SP‡68b:,-<(;"A8?$Ê
^ JO-y0[-D-/ î¹ Âp(+,3 î¹ ¸ ^"0[-a-yL*)(+,3s!SC!$b:"-a¦@-/A+-/"3".9-j*O68?SPQ"6857!i(+?=#
~
Ë ‰nÆî¹ ÂyÃ/µNÆî¹ ÂyÃQî¹ ¸ Ãgµbî¹ ¸ ‹_¬ ` _ N,cdN ¡ %D68# ^ ¤T¬ ·± ¸ ]c%D68# ¸ ^ µé~ fCggXg
Ê
\ e
b
b $
‰ÈÇ"Xõ}+‹
Na T· b
0C"-D. -&%/68# ^ ¬™Æî¹ Â"ò>î¹ ¸ ^L(;"37 "-C:-/.95ã0C!= Os¬ C
~ ‚;(+"!=# "-D#2JT-/%/(+W"# -R6 E "-&#9PQ5B57-D .9P
6 E :"-B‰gÆî¹ ÂyÃgµbÆî¹ ÂrÃLî¹ ¸ Ã/µNî¹ ¸ ‹q#e'(+.DXlZ[6857*)(+. =! # 68N6 E ´‰ Ç,Xõ\8‹20C!S:m‰´Ç,Xõ}8‹[A+!=‚8-D#
Ë ¬
b
·cµ
~
\ b¸
Ã
0C"-D. ·
b
b¸
¬
¬
~ ¸
\ ® ·">h i
d
} ¸
· h>i
\d® "
Ë ‰ i Ãj>‹
Ê
Ë ‰ i Ãj>‹lkŠ~2±
Ê
ñU¬
] ¸
\ ·cb µ ¸
b
b
‰ÈÇ"X£8‹
] i i
µé~Xop
\nm Ç
‰ÈÇ"X@+‹
¨R-D. -b02-s(;3"68*, -/3è¦-D!$J"?=-/.EW«#,6+'(; !$68â¡ £YϤp(+"3!$>:.96L3,W"%/-D3 "-N(+"A8?=-u‚;(+. !$(+J"?=-/# i Â
(+"3 i)¸ ƒ„‰ Æî¹ Â_± î¹ ¸ ‹ ¸ ¬ i Â<(+"3ë‰ Æî¹ Â•± Oî¹ ÌD‹ ¸ ¬ i"¸ Xskë!S:m "-u,-/?$*x6 E :,!$#a"6+'(Ï:!$6+
Ë ‰ Æî¹ ÂrÃ/µ Æî¹ ÂyÃ î¹ ¸ Ãgµ î¹ ¸ ‹c¬ Ë ‰
,à i ‹rX
Ê f# "6+W"?$3JT-b5B-Dw !$Ê 68,-/3`:"(;V# !=5B!=?i(+.a-yL*)(;"# !=68"#7(+#!=-/æ†Xi‰ÈÇ"X}8‹40[-D. -NW,:!=?$!=§/-/3
JT- E 68.9-|¡ß~ ,\ L^d~n]>} ¤ŠXö¨&6n0[-y‚8-/.D^a "-DPç02-/.9-m,-D‚8-D.W"#9-/3K 6#9:W,3,Pë:"-h68. !=-/>'(Ï:!$6+)(+?
:. (+"#9!=:!=68"#DX
ÙwÚ0/nÚÕnÔlØ,Ô21×+Ö2×"Ø4352×"Ø6†Ý76198pá8×LÒ@ÝágÔc؇ÔcØOÒ@Ó¥ÛÜÖ2×LÒ"Ö2Ýغ×
0.10
ÐMq
diblock
−(AB)2−
0.08
−(AB)4−
−(AB)6−
0.06
β
r
−(AB)10−
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
f
ä !=A8W". -jÇ"X\LƒCZ[6+5B*T68# !S:!=68)(+?º3,-/*T-/"3"-D"%/-V6 E ñ E 68.aµ‰tsvuV‹ N µ *O6+?=PQJ"?$6Q%'Mw#/XC¨&-/. -xwh!=#
¥
:,-[:6+:(+?Q%/68>:-D>c6 E :"-pFè%/6857*T68"-/>_!=4:,-Í5B6+?$-/%DW"?$-;XFR?$?QJ"?$6Q%'Mw#•6 E "-Í#:(;5B-[PQ*T)(g‚8-p-DæwW)(+?,?=-/"A;:"#DX<L5B(+?$?w3"-y‚Q!i(; !$68"# E . 685 #95B6Q6+:4%/W".e‚8-/#l(+.9-[%/(+W"# -D3fJwP<wW"57-/. !=%g(+?
-D‚;(+?=W)(; !$68b6 E :,-a!=>:-/A+.:(+?=#Í!$N-/æ†X$‰´Ç"yX 8‹rX
eR6n0v0[-N(+*,*"?=Pm-/æw#/X$‰´Ç,X£>‹ qy‰ÈÇ"@X +‹j:6U#9*O-D%/!St)%b#9PQ#9 -/57#/XGkx-u#9'(;.90C!S:çµ4‰zsvu‹ N µ
*T68?=PQJ"?=6L%'MG5768?$-D%/W"?=-/#b‰´ä¥!$A,X«Ç"X\8‹rXY…p"-‡#9!$57*"?$-D#9%/(+# -h‰tO⬠~ ‹a. -/*,. -/#9-/>:#7(Y3"!=J"?$6Q%'M
5768?$-D%/W"?=-+XÆB:,-&?=!$57!=<
w 7‰´682
. w{ ~ ‹ "-&5B68?=-/%DW"?$-p.9-/3"W"%D-/#c:6<(a,685B6+*O68?SPQ5B-D./^
E 68.95B!="AGZ
( |j(+W"#9# !$(+è%D68!$?Í0C!S:è(hW,"! E 68.95 #9*)(+%/!$(+?C3"!$#e:.9!$J"W, !$686 E :,-s5768"6857-/.9#/X
…p"-D. - E 6+. -+^w:,-R(;"A8W"?$(+._3"-/*T-/,3"-/"%D-16 E Ë # "6+W"?$3V‚;(+"!=# B(+"37}
ñ LX¥F1#c:,-&%D6857*O6;q
Ê
# !S:!=68
wG!="%/.9-g(+#9-/#/^TJT6+:sF(;"3YHë*)(+.e:#&6 E "-<5768?=-/%/W,?$- E 68. ~
5 |a(+W,# # !$(+„%/68!=?$#Í0C!= (V:-/,3"-/"%yPN:6n0Í(;. 3"#R5W,:W"(+?@# *)(;%/!i(;?@# -/*"(+.:(; !$68Å
X GIJ>‚Q!$68W"#9?=P+^":"!=#C -/"3,-/"%yPs.9-g(+%',-/#
!= #25B(ρL!$54W"5 (;C
wN€
¬ Tgõ}LX¥…p"-I*T68# !S:!=‚+-1#9!$A8B6 E ñG%g(+‡JT-1W,"3"-/.9#9 6L6Q3N(+# E 6+?$?$6n0C#DX•
# W,%'s(<3"W"5J"JT-/?=?Sq ?$!$M;-C5B68?=-/%DW"?$-C:"-15B68,685B-D. !=%&3,-/"#9!=P‡!=#[5768#9 ?=Pf576L3,W"?i(; -/3u(+?$68,A
:,-[?$!="-l%/68",-/%D !$"AI "-[%D-/>:.9-/#_6 E 5B(+#9#¥6 E 026dJ"?=68J"#/
X L6"^+ "- ^ 
¬ R%g(+#9-Í!$<-/æ†Xi‰ÈÇ"X}8‹
%/6+. . -D# *T68"3"#d 6N "-V5768#9j*".968J)(+J,?$-%D68,t)A8W,.:(; !$68G(+,3º^@:"-D. - E 6+. -+^@A+!=‚8-D#d:"-V?=6 02-/#e
%/6+w . !=J"W,:!=68b:6V:,- E .9-/-j-/,-/. A;P8*
X L!$"%D- Ë ¬ Ë ‰~Cµñ<%D68# ¸ ^ ‹y^,!= E 68?=?$6n0C#[:"(;&Z
ñ PK,X
Ê
¨R6n02-D‚+-/./^T# !="%/-d "-j3"W"5J"JT-/?=?Sq ?$!$M;-1#e:. W,%D:W,. -a!$#p68"?S‚
P )'ƒ%(„†…>%(„7‡(ˆ;^" "-j3"!=êO-/.9-/"%D-jJO-rq
02-/-/ ^ €
¬ V(+"3 ^ Q
¬ ‰ 3"!$.9-/%D !$68,#Í!$#2# 5B(+?$?ŠX¥…p)(;Í!$#[0C>$
P Š{‹Œ‰´ñŽ
‹ gS~d!$#[(# 5B(+?$?
¸
wW"5JT-/.DX
F1#_:,-RwW"5JT-/.c6 E J"?=6L%'MwŽ
# Ob!$V:,-aµ4z‰ suV‹ N µç5B6+?$-/%DW"?$-[!$"%D. -g(;# -/#D^Lñ2
‰ wº‹¥M+-D-/*"#l!= #
# "(+*O-2J"W,¥"6+¥ "-Í(;J"# 68?=W,:-l‚;(+?$W"-;X…p,-Iµt‰ svuV‹ ¸ µè5768?=-/%/W,?$-c%g(+4JO-2W""3"-D. #9 6L6Q3V(+#¥(
576L3"!St)%g(Ï:!$6+76 E :"-13"!$J"?=6L%'MV5768?=-/%/W,?$-+^80C,-/. -R:"]
- =9W,"%D !$68B*O68!=>[)(;#[JT-/-/b.9-/*"?$(+%/-D3
J>PG(+"6;:"-D.d3"!$J"?=6L%'Ms5B6+?$-/%DW"?$-;X4h# W"%'m(b5B6+?$-/%DW"?$-<:"-f5768"6857-/.9#d(+. -V3,!$#9 . !=J"W,:-D3
5768. -_"6+5B68A+-/"-D68W"# ?SP1 )(+j!$a(p3"!$J,?$6Q%'M15768?$-D%/W"?=-+X@…p"-D. - E 6+. -+^Ï:"-cA8-D"-/. (+?>JT-/)(g‚Q!$68W,.
6 E ñ E 68.fµt‰ svuV‹ ¸ µ­#ePL#e:-D5 .9-/5B(+!$"#j3"!=J"?$6Q%'M8q?=!$M+-;^º0C"!$?=-V:"-B5u(ρL!=5W"5 ‚;(+?=W"-76 E ñ
!$#&# %/(+?$-D33"6n0CºX&ä)68.&?i(+.9A89
- O¥^):,-4-DêO-/%yI6 E :"-a5B!=3"3"?=-aJ,?$6Q%'MQ#&!$#R(g‚8-D.:(+A8-D3Y68W,/^Å(;"3
Б
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"ØuÙwÚhÔlØTÒ@ӕÛÜÖl×LÒ)ÖlÝ¥ØÅׇÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×
−(AB)1−A
0.08
−(AB)4−A
−(AB)7−A
−(AB)12−A
β
“
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.0
0.2
0.4
’
0.6
0.8
1.0
f
ä¥!=A8W".9-dÇ"X]LƒlZ[685B*T68#9!=:!=68)(+?T3"-D*O-D"3"-/,%/-46 E ñ E 68.dµ‰tsvuV‹ N µ"s *O6+?=PQJ"?$6Q%'Mw#/X
:,-„5768?=-/%/W,?$-/#V%/(+JO-N!=5u(+A+!$"-D3(+#0[6m-/"3J"?=6L%'Mw#7(; :(+%'"-D3 6x(U"685768*T68?=PQ57-/.
J"?=68JºX¥…p,!$#c#9PQ#9 -/5vJO-D)(g‚8-D#2‚8-D.9P7# !=5B!=?i(+.:6j:,-R3"!=J"?$6Q%'M46+"-&0C!S:V:,-lŠ{‹Œ‰´ñ‹¥‚;(+?$W,(+*"*,. 6>(+%',!$"Af!= #p3"!$J,?$6Q%'MB‚;(+?$W,- E . 685­JO-D?$6n0jX
…p"-V"-rLI-y,(+57*"?$-<!$#4µ4z‰ suV‹ N ”
µ s *T68?=PQJ"?=6L%'Mm‰Šä!$A"X¢Ç"X«]>‹yXR…p"!$#R#9PQ#9 -/5 JT-/)(g‚+-/#
‚8-D.9Pf#9!$57!$?i(;.:6j:,-&*,. -D‚Q!=68W"#l68"-+^>0C!S:B(j . !$J,?$6Q%'M<!="#9 -g(+376 E 3,!$J"?=6L%'M<5B68?=-/%DW"?$-p*"?$(gPwq
!$,Af "-a. 68?=-a6 E (f. - E -D. -D"%/-<#9PQ#9 -/5„Xͅp"-(;#9PQ5B57-D .9Pb6 E :,-<%DW".9‚+-/#Iñ2•‰ wŋ[68. !=A8!$)(Ï:-/#
E . 6+5 "-f3"!=êO-/.9-/>jwW"5JT-/. #d6 E F (+,3mHoJ,?$6Q%'MQ#j!=Y:"-V5768?$-D%/W"?=-+Xa…p"-V*T68# !S:!$6+Y6 E
:,-‡5u( ,!=5W"56 E :"-D# -b%/W,.9‚8-D#V%g(+JT-u-D#9 !$5B(;:-D3(+#V(%D6857*O68#9!= !$68m(;40C,!$%'x ":6;'(+?ł+68?$W,5B-d6 E O7±â~a–
F |j(+W"# #9!i(+N%D68!$?=#p!$#p-/æwW)(;?º:6V:)(ÏR6 E OhHç68"-D#/^†# 6V:"(;
—Ä —Ä ¸
¸
wnû¥—ú ~C™
µ w ûšú z‰ O7±ë~ ‹
¬ O
˜
o
o
m OB±â~
m
O
¨R-D. -u02-‡)(g‚+-b!$A8"6+. -/3x(+?$?l# W,. E (+%D-‡%/68> . !$J,W,:!=68"#/Xä)68.a "-u . !$J,?$6Q%'MU5B68?=-/%DW"?$-D#a "(+JT6n‚8-&-/æwW)(; !$687A8!=‚+-/#*w ûúšd¬g}+£,^>0C"!=%'u!=#c "-&-y,(+%D2*T68# !S:!$6+ºX•ä)68.c"!=A8"-/.<O^wnû¥ú—
!$#d#9?$!=A8>:?=PsW""3,-/. -D#9 !$5B(;:-D3ºX7¨R6n0[-y‚8-D./^¥!Sj%/68.9. -D%D:?SPY:-D"3"#j:6b:,-7?=!$57!=vw ûúš› g}
(+C
# O KX
b:"-j*".9-D‚Q!$68W,#p-y,(+57*"?$-D#Í0[-dM;-/*,1(+?$?T?$-D"A+ "#p6 E :"-jF(;#Í0[-D?$?@(+#Í "-aHçJ"?$6Q%'Mw#
-/æwW)(;?¿X E 02-s.9-/?i( :"!=#f%/68"3,!=:!=68º^_:,-„JT-/"(n‚Q!=68W".76 E ñK%')(+"A8-D#B3,.:(+#e:!$%/(+?$?SP8X`km!$?=?$W"#e:. (;:-c:"!=#•0C!= :"-p"-D?$*V6 E (+VF1H[Fé:.9!$J"?=6L%'Ma5768?$-D%/W"?=-20C!= V"68Lq -/æwW)(+Šý ?,FçJ"?$6Q%'Mw#
‰Šä!$A"X¢Ç"X¢Çw‹yXë¦@-D$
w²JT-s:,-s:6;'(+?C%/6+w -/>b6 E "-F %/6857*T68"-/>/^C(+"K
3 œ[ü ¬ìM° w7žh^
ý
¸
œ[ ü ¬­‰e~Rµ°)Ÿ‹ w7ž JO-4 "-4?=-/"A;:"#I6 E 0[6bFJ"?$6Q%'Mw#/Xdä¥!=A"X¢Ç"X«Ç7# ,6 0C#I )(;R:"-#9)(+*T6 E :,-a%DW".9‚+-<ñ2
‰ wº‹2#9 !$?=?O.9-/# -D5J"?=-/#p:"-j3"!=J"?$6Q%'M768"-+Xl¨&6 02-D‚+-/.D^ E 6+.p. -/?$(;:!S‚8-D?=P7# 5B(+?$ ? w
:,-/. -Í(+. -Í#9W"%'V‚;(+?$W"-D#•6 E °V )(;•ñ„%')(+,A8-/#_!S:#¥#9!$A8ÅX¥…p"!=#•. -DA8!$68<6 E •‰ w†Ã °†‹*"(+.:(+57-D -/.9#
!$#j#9"6n0C!$mä¥!$A"X¢Ç"X}LXu…p,-‡(+*"*T-g(;.:(+"%D-u6 E :"!=#<.9-/A8!=68h!$#a%/68",-/%D -/3`0C!S:m(s%')(+,A8-
ÙwÚ0/nÚÕnÔlØ,Ô21×+Ö2×"Ø4352×"Ø6†Ý76198pá8×LÒ@ÝágÔc؇ÔcØOÒ@Ó¥ÛÜÖ2×LÒ"Ö2Ýغ×
¤ τ=0.0
0.10
¤ τ=0.1
¤ τ=0.2
0.08
¤ τ=0.3
0.06
¤ τ=0.4
β
£
ÐM¡
0.04
¤ τ=0.5
0.02
0.00
−0.02
0.0
0.2
0.4
¢
0.6
0.8
1.0
f
ä !=A8W". -7Ç"X¢Ç"ƒBZ[6857*O68#9!= !$68Š)ý (;?_3"-/*T-/"3,-/"%D-b6 ý E ñ E 68.4F1H[F­ . !$J,?$6Q%'Mh%D68*T68?=PQ57-/. #j0C!= ¥
"68Qq-/æwW)(;?@F J,?$6Q%'MQ#Dƒ]œÍü ¬ë°¥w7ž (+"3œ[ü ¸ ¬ »‰ ~Cµ`°†‹Ÿw¦ž X
6 E "-5768?$-D%/W"?$(+.R%D68 E 68.95u(Ï:!$6+ºX&kë,-/U°¬§,^O "-#ePL#e:-D5 6L%D%/W"*,!$-/#R:"-3,!$# %DW"# #9-/3
3"W"54J"JO-D?$? q?$!=M+-7#9:(;:-;Xmkë"-D02-„(+3"3(U# 5B(+?=?2FöJ,?$6Q%'Mç‰È°!=## 5B(+?=?2J"WLf"68Lq §/-/.96w‹y^
!=V . !=-/#:6G%D6>(+?$-D# %D-N0C!S::,-„6;:"-D.7F™J"?=6L%'Mm!$68.93"-/.V:6G!="%/.9-g(+#9-N "-NwW"5JT-/.f6 E
E (g‚868W,.:(+J"?=-p%/68>:(+%D #/Xc¨R6n02-D‚+-/./^w:,-&-D>:. 6+*wP*O-D)(+?=P E 68._# W,%'u(d%/68(+?$-D# %/-D"%/-C!=#_?i(+.9A8-+^
(+"3B:"-R5B68?=-/%DW"?i(+._%D68 E 68.95u(Ï:!$6+B!=#23"-D# %D. !$JT-/3uJwPu(<*T-/.e:W".9JO-D3‡3"W"54J"JO-D?$?ŠXkë!= B "E W".e:"-D.d!$"%D. -g(;# -6 E °Å^º:"-V#9-/%/6+"3GFãJ"?$6Q%'M576n‚8-D#I:6n0Í(;. 3"#I "-t). #ej68"-;XaFÍj#96857‚;(+?$W,-/#Í6 E °u:"-I5768#eÍ*".968J)(+J"?=-1%D68,t)A8W,.:(; !$68‡%D68. .9-/#9*O68,3"#Í:6 ^ ¬ ‰ (+"3bñh%')(+"A8-D#
!= #d# !=A8‰È "-f5B68#ej*". 6+J)(+J"?=-%/68 E 68. 5B(;:!=68YA8!S‚8-D#j "-f# 5B(+?$?=-/#eI%/6+w¸ . !=J"W,:!=68U:6‡ "E . -D-N-/"-D. A+P+^p(+"3 Ë ¬ Ë ‰~Cµñ<%D68# ¸ ^ ‹e‹yXkë!=: E W".e:"-D.7!="%/.9-g(+#9-N6 E °:,-s#ePL#e:-D5
%/6+5B-D#RJ)(;%'Ms%D?$68#9-aÊ 6B:,-<3"W,5J"JT-/?$? q?=!$M+-d#e:.9W"%D W". -;^º(+#C0[6uFJ"?=6L%'Mw#1(+. -j‚8-D.9Ps%/?$6+# -+^
(+"3|ñJO-D%/6857-/#B*O68#9!= !=‚8-s(+A>(;!$ºXë…p"!=#u-DêO-/%yb%g(;éJO-s68J"#9-/.9‚+-/3ç68,?=Pè(;B. -/?$(;:!S‚8-D?=P
# 5B(+?=?R%D685B*T68#9!=:!=68"›
# wX FÍN?i(+.9A8}
- w² "-U-/> . 68*>Pç%D68>:. !=J"W, !$68 E .9685 :"-UHcqJ"?=6L%'M
%/6+ E 68. 5B(; !$68B!$#p# 5B(+?=?¿^Q(+"3N#9PQ#e:-/5ˆ6Q%/%DW"*"!=-/#Í:,-d3"W"5J"JT-/?=?Å%D68 E 68.95u(; !$68 E 68.p(+?=?T°ÅX
…p"-I%')(;"A8-16 E # !=A8u6 E ñU5B6Q3"!St)-/#c:"-&68.9!$-/>:(;:!=68)(+?)JT-/)(g‚Q!$6+W"./X•B:"-R. -/A+!$6876 E
5768?$-D%/W"?$(+.R*"(+.:(+57-D -/.9#7•‰ wTÃ9°†‹y^@3,-/"6+ -/3hJ>©
P ¨ ¨C
µ ¨ ¨!=Gä¥!$A"X¢Ç"X}L^O "-V68.9!$-/>:(;:!=68)(+?Æ*")(+#93"!$(+A8.:(;5 0C!=?$?,JT-p:"-p# (+57-R(;#_!$7ä¥!$A,X«Ç"XS~[0C!S:V:"-C*T-/.9*O-D"3"!$%DW"?i(;._(+"37*)(+. (+?$?=-/?Q*")(+#9-/#
#90[(+*"*T-/3ÅXb…p"-u# (+5B-f-yêÅ-D%D<%g(+mJO-768J"#9-/.9‚+-/3 E 68.j6+ "-/.j*T68?=PQJ"?=6L%'Mw#D^*".96n‚L!=3"-/3h:)(Ï
:,-/. -j!=#C(+(;#9PQ5B57-D .9Pu!$b:"-j?=-/"A+ "#C6 E J"?$6Q%'Mw#&6 E "-j#:(+57-IPQ*O-;X
ä¥!$A,X«Ç"X«£è%D6857*)(+. -D#:,-`%/6857*T68# !S:!$6+)(+?d3"-D*O-D"3"-/,%/-6 E ñ E 68.s "-`. !="Aé3"!=J"?$6Q%'M
%/6+*O68?SPQ5B-D. #V0C!= )(; E 68.V:"-N?=!$"-/(+.V3"!$J,?$6Q%'MQ#DX|…p"-„*)(+. (+57-D:-D.fño#9:(nPQ#B*O68#9!= !=‚8*".96 ‚Q!=3"!$"AB:)(;1:"-V.9!$"A‡3,!$J"?=6L%'M„5B-D?=1# "6n0C#d:"-V# (+57-68. !=-/>'(Ï:!$6+)(+?JO-D)(g‚Q!$68W".j(;#
!= #j?$!$,-g(+.I%D68W">:-D. *)(;.9gXu…p"-u(;J"# 68?=W,:-V‚;(+?=W"-f#9'(gPQ#a# 5B(+?$?•-D"68W"A+m:x
6 =9W"#e:! E PY!=:#jW"#9(+#V(s# 5B(+?$?l*)(+. (+5B-y:-D.4!$x*O-D.9:W,. J)(; !$68m:"-D68.9P牴# -D-„Z[)(+*, -/.f\Y(;"3]>‹yXY¨R6n0[-y‚8-D./^
Š{‹Œ‰´ñ ª«\ NX¬ ‹ ­÷ Š{‹Œ‰Èñ)®ù \ N ¿—ú ªrl
‹ v],X<…p"!$#d#9"6n0C#d:)(;1:"-V68.9!$-Dw:(;:!=68Lq 3"-/*T-/"3,-/>d:-D. 57#
ÐM¯
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"ØuÙwÚhÔlØTÒ@ӕÛÜÖl×LÒ)ÖlÝ¥ØÅׇÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×
0.5
0.4
τ
°
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
f
ä¥!=A8W". -jÇ"X}LƒL!$A8„6 E ñ`(+#I( E W""%y:!$6+6 E :"-<%/6857*O6+# != !$68"(+?Å*)(;.:(+57-D -/. #4‰•w†Ã °†‹rX<‰
±I-yq
# ,* !=:-C:,- E (+%y2 )(;lñG¬˜<687:"-&?$!="-C# -/*"(+.:(; !$"Aa*T68# !S:!=‚+-&(+"3u,-/A>(; !=‚+-R.9-/A8!=68"#/^> "68.9!$-/>:(;:!=68)(+?ºJT-/"(n‚Q!=68W".&3"6L-D#R,6+13,!$#:(;*"*O-/(+./XDGd,-<"-D-/3"#&:67'(+M;-a "-4"-rQR -/. 5™!=
:,-4-yL*)(;"# !=68‰´Ç,Xõ}8‹rX&¨R6n0[-y‚8-D./^º:,-4%/6+. . -D# *T68"3"!="A‡%D68"#9:(+>I!=#&‚+-/.9Ps# 5B(+?=?(;"3s "t))(;?Æ6+. !$-D>'(; !$68N!$#C5768. -j?=!$M+-D?=PB:6uJT-a3"-D -/. 57!$,-/3„JwPN "-<-rQ:-/.9)(+? E (+%D 68. #D^†# W"%'U(;#
!$> -/.:(;%D:!=68"#Í0C!S:N# "-/(+.eq %/-D?$?@JT68W""3)(;. !$-D#C(+"3„# 6768ºX‹
ring
0.30
0.20
β
²
linear
0.10
0.00
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
f
ä¥!=A8W". -7Ç"X«£,ƒ7Z[6857*O6+# != !$68"(+?_3"-/*T-/,3"-/"%D-b6 E ñ E 68.<3"!$J"?=6L%'MU%D68*T68?=PQ57-/.a. !$,A8#<‚+-/. #9W"#
?$!="-g(;.Í3"!$J,?$6Q%'Mu%/6+*O68?SPQ5B-D. #
ÙwÚ0/nÚÕnÔlØ,Ô21×+Ö2×"Ø4352×"Ø6†Ý76198pá8×LÒ@ÝágÔc؇ÔcØOÒ@Ó¥ÛÜÖ2×LÒ"Ö2Ýغ×
2.5
Ц³
diblock
¶A B
2
4
4
6
6
8
8
¶A B
1.5
¶A B
β
µ
2
¶A B
2.0
¶A
1.0
B10
10
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
´
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
f
ä¥!=A8W".9-dÇ"X@QƒlZ[685B*T68#9!=:!=68)(+?T3"-D*O-D"3"-/,%/-46 E ñ E 68.p"685768*T68?=PQ57-/.[#e'(+.9#ls N u N X
0.10
¹ diblock
0.08
(AB)2
(AB)3
0.06
β
¸
(AB)4
0.04
(AB)8
(AB)10
0.02
0.00
−0.02
0.0
0.2
0.4
·
0.6
0.8
1.0
f
ä¥!=A8W".9-IÇ"Xº,ƒ2Z[685B*T68#9!=:!=68)(+?T3"-D*O-D"3"-/,%/-46 E ñ E 68.p3"!$J,?$6Q%'Mu#9:(+. #<‰tsvuV‹ N X
ІÐ
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"ØuÙwÚhÔlØTÒ@ӕÛÜÖl×LÒ)ÖlÝ¥ØÅׇÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×
0.30
{2,2,2}
{3,3,3}
0.20
{4,4,4}
{4,4}
β
£
0.10
{5,5}
0.00
{5,1,3,1,1}
−0.10
−0.20
0.0
0.2
0.4
¢
0.6
0.8
1.0
f
ä!$A8W".9-IÇ"Xº,ƒlZ[6857*O6+# != !$68"(+?O3,-/*T-/"3"-D"%/-<6 E ñ E 68.p# -y‚8-D.:(+?3"-D"3". !=5B-D. !=%I#9 . W"%y:W".9-/#/X
!$-DæQ#DXi‰ÈÇ"X«],^«Ç,X«Çw‹V(+.9-b?i(+.9A8-/. E 68.:"-N.9!$"AU3"!=J"?$6Q%'Mw#/X…p"-D. - E 68. -b02-s*".9-/3"!=%DV "-/5 6
(+?=!$A8‡JT-D9:-D.C )(+N:"-j?=!$"-/(+.Í3"!=J"?$6Q%'Mw#Í0C"-/s# W"J>=9-D%D -/3 67#9"-g(;./X
eR6n0v0[-b#e0C!=:%'` 6G(+"6+ "-/.<PL*T-b6 E #ePL#e:-D5(+"3%D68"# !=3"-/.V,685B6+*O68?SPQ5B-D.a#e'(+.9#
s N u N ‰È-g(+%'|(+. 5 6 E :,!$#f#9:(+.f!$#7(U"685768*O6+?=PQ5B-D.'‹rXF1#f0Í(+#7# ,6 0C|Jw”
P ±I6+J".9PQ"!=
(+"®
3 f_. W"Mw"!=5B6n‚Q!$%'`º¡ , ¤¿^ Ë ‰ ,»Ã >‹ÍJO-D%/6857-/#&"-/A8(;:!S‚8- E 68C
. OZP²}N^)0C"!=?$- Ë ‰ ,à i"½
¬ ¼ >‹Í!=#
Ê
Ê
*T68# !S:!=‚+-1(;"3‡?i(;. A8-;X¥…p"-D. - E 6+. -+^L# W"%'N(<#9PQ#9 -/5v# "6n0C#p(4#e:.968"A(;"A8W"?$(+.c3"-/*T-/"3,-/"%D-+^
(+"3Gñè# "68W,?$3hJO-V?$(+. A8-;X"3"-D-/3º^¥(+#d!=j!=#d# "6n0Ch!$hä¥!=A"X«Ç,@X L^ E 68¾
. O[P }L^@ñ|JT-/%D685B-D#
?i(;. A8-D.Í:)(+sW""!SP8D
X QW"%'U(BJT-/"(n‚Q!=68W".C!$#C%g(;W"# -D3YJ>P„ "-a%/68?=?i(+*"#9-d6 E "-<(+. 57#C6 E "#:(;5B-dPQ*O-;C
X s68,685B-D. #R(+. -j5768#9&%D68?$?=-/%D -/3s(+?$6+"A ^ 
¬ f?$!$,-j(+"3s "-a5B68?=-/%DW"?$-d%/(+
JT-2!=5u(+A+!$"-D3<(;#¥(&# )(+.9*3"W"54J"JO-D?$?ŠXƅp,!$#Æ-DêO-/%D¥!$#(+J"#9-/> E 68.@ "-[3"!=J"?$6Q%'MI#e'(+.9#pz‰ suV‹ N
‰Šä!$A"X¢Ç"ºX >‹y^>#9!$"%D-& "-R!=>:-/. (+%D !$68Qq!$,3"W"%/-D37 -/"3,-/"%yPB 6 0[(+.93"#l "-1#9-/*)(;.:(; !$687JO-y0[-D-/
Fâ(+"37H%/6857*O6+"-/>:#D^Q(+"3f:"-C-/> . 68*>P>q!="3"W"%D-/3B -/"3,-/"%yP7 6n0Í(+.93"#cW""! E 68. 5# *)(+%D!i(+?
3"!=#9:.9!$J"WL:!$6+B6 E "-15768"6+5B-D. #2(+. -R# -/*"(+.:(; -/3ºX_kë!S:u!="%/.9-g(+#9!$"¿
A O¥^Q:"-1(+. 57#[6 E # W"%'
(N5B68?=-/%DW"?$-4 -/"3h:6Nt)?$?:"-7# *)(;%/-7W""! E 6+. 57?=P8XV…p,-/. - E 68. -;^Æ "-B(+"A8W"?$(+.I3"-D*O-D"3"-D"%/6 E ñ3,!$57!$"!=# "-D#b(+$
# O KX …p"-h(+#9PQ575B-y:.9P|6 E :"-U%DW".9‚+-/#„!$#b%g(;W"# -D3²J>Pé ":6+*O68?=68A8!=%g(+?=?=PV3"!SêÅ-D. -Dw&%D68"3"!S:!$6+"#p6 E F(;"3„HâJ"?=6L%'Mw#DX
ä¥!$"(+?$?SP8^Å!=Gä¥!$A,X«Ç"ºX B02-f*". -D# -/>a:"-V%D6857*O68#9!= !$68)(;?Æ3,-/*T-/"3"-D"%/-B6 E ñ E 68.1# -D‚+-/. (+?
3"-D"3". !=5B-D. !=%R#ePL#e:-D5B#DXckm-1W,# -R "-I"6;'(; !$6876 E L-D%D !$68Y~+X«Ç4(+"3‡3"-D# %D. !$JT-R "-I5768?$-D%yq
W"?$(+.c(+. %',!=:-D%D W". -RJwP7(d‚8-D%D 68.RÀ{ OÂr»Ã O ¸ Xà gggr€wX•…p"
- ÁÈq B-D?$-/57-/>l6 E :"!=#l‚+-/%D 68.l3"-Dt),-/#
E
E
:,-RwW"5JT-/.c6 J"?$6Q%'Mw#R‰´F&q J"?$6Q%'Mw#c! Á!=#_6L3"3Å^L(;"3‡H6+:,-/.90C!=# -g‹_6+. !$A+!$)(; -/3 E . 6+R
5 %Ÿ)>‡jÂ
J"?=6L%'Mh!$x "-Gt‰ Álµ~n‹q A8-/,-/.:(Ï:!$6+ºXY…pwW"#/^ E 68.<-y,(+57*"?$-;^•:"-{;\QÃr\Q€N3"-D"3". !=5B-D.4!=#
-/æwW"!S‚;(+?$-DwR:6u "-V¨pq# "(+*O-4%/68*T68?=PQ57-/.D9
X s68.9-/6n‚8-D./^@"-D. -402-)(g‚8-f(;# # W,5B-D3G )(;I(+?$?
Fç(+#•02-/?=?"(+#cH`J,?$6Q%'MQ#c(;. -Í6 E "-p#:(+57-Í?=-/"A+ "#/X•ä¥!$A"X¢Ç"ºX R#9"6n0C#c )(;• "-pJT-/)(g‚Q!$68W,.•6 E
ñ E 68._#9W"%'‡%D685B*,?$!$%/(;:-D3V#9 . W"%y:W".9-/#[!="%/6+. *T68.:(; -/#l(+?=?"6 E "- E -g(; W". -D#23,!$# %DW"# #9-/3‡*,. -D‚Q! q
68W"#9?=PTƒ•:,-I# )(;*O-d6 E "-I%/W,.9‚8-D#C. -/#9-/5J,?$-/#Í "-d3"!=J"?$6Q%'Mf68"-+^,ñh%/(+NA8. 6n0â?i(;. A8-D.2:"(+
ÙwÚÄÃ8Ú҆8pÞÒ@á8Ý76)Û®8CÞ
ÐMÅ
:,-75B(ρL!$54W"5 ‚;(+?=W"- E 68.I:"-73"!=J"?$6Q%'M%D68*O6+?=PQ5B-D. #ƍǐgS~8^!=j%/(+x%'"(+"A8-7# !=A8º^Æ(+"3º^
t))(;?$?=P+^@:"-D. -7%g(+hJO-7#9 . W"%y:W".9-/#a0C!=:h!$>‚+-/.9 -/3`*,)(+# -7JT-/)(g‚Q!$68W,.‡‰ E 68.V{;}LÃg~8Ã']LÃg~8Ãg~+€
3"-D"3". !=5B-D.p!$㊴!=A"Xǂ,yX ,^LZ
ñ UK E 68.C(;?$?;wŋyX
ŒYÈ
Évš4ÊUœR›/˜}˕Ÿ/š4Ê
¨R-D. -&0[-&0Í(+>l:6<-/57*")(+#9!$§/-C:,-R!=, )W"-D"%/-R6 E 5768?$-D%/W"?$(+._(+.9%'"!= -/%D W". -R68B "-&*". -D3"!$%rq
:!=68"#26 E :"-I6+. !$-D>'(; !$68)(;?† .:(+,# != !$687:"-D68.9P+X_…p"-d*")(;# -d3"!$(+A8.:(;5B#l*". -D3"!$%y:-D3b!$u "*".9-D‚Q!$68W,#&%'"(+*,:-D. #&(+.9-a#9*O-D%/!St)% E 68.Í:"-d3,!$J"?=6L%'MB%/68*T68?=PQ57-/.9#p(+"3s(+. -d,6+C"-/%D-/#9#:(+.9!$?=P
:,-[#:(;5B- E 68.¥6+ "-/.¥(+. %',!=:-D%D W". -D#/]
X L6857-l#9PQ#9 -/57#_-D‚8-Df-yL"!$J,!=3"!=êO-/.9-/>¥PQ*T-/#_6 E 68.9!Sq
-/>:(;:!=68)(+?@JT-/)(g‚Q!$6+W".R3,-/*T-/"3"!="Au6+s%D685B*T68#9!=:!=68„(+"3„?$-D"A+:s.:(; !$68#p6 E J"?=6L%'Mw#/XCä)68.
-y,(+57*"?=-+^@:"-7FIH2F . !=J"?$6Q%'Mw#d# "6n0ï:,-7.9-D‚+-/. #9-BPQ*T-B6 E JO-D)(g‚Q!$68W".a(;a?=6 0 %/68> -/>
6 E F²%/6857*T68"-/>[(+"3b(;#9PQ5B57-D .9P7*)(+. (+57-D:-D.l°u¬
‰ gSd
~ ̂Tg«Çw}+‹y^"(;"3u:,-13"!=J"?$6Q%'M8q?$!=M+JT-/)(g‚Q!$68W,. E 68. "-Í.9-/#9•6 E *)(+. (+5B-y:-D.•.:(+,A8-/#DXkm-p(+. -["6+c(g0[(+. -Í6 E (+>P-yL*T-/.9!$57-/>'(+?
%/6+ E 68. 5B(; !$68G6 E "!$#a. -D# W"?S<0C,!$%'`%D68W"?$3mJO-7‚8-D.9Pm%/68 E W,# !$,A E 68.a-yL*T-/. !=5B-D>'(+?=!$#9 #/X
…Æ6‡(g‚868!=3Y57!$# !=>:-/.9*". -y'(; !$68,#p6 E -yL*T-/.9!$57-/>'(+?Æ3)(;:(7 "-4(;*"*"?$!=%g(; !$68N6 E :"-<68. !=-/>'(Ïq
:!=68)(+?" "-/6+.9P7:6(<*)(+.9 !$%DW"?i(+.c#ePL#e:-D5­#9"68W"?=3‡JO-1(+%/%D6857*)(+"!=-/3uJ>PB%g(+?=%/W"?$(;:!=68f6 E "*)(+. (+57-D:-D.IñcÆ
X LW"%'m(u%g(;?$%/W,?i(; !$68s%'"-/%'Mw#j0C"-D "-/.I "-:"-D68.9P!$#1(+*"*"?=!$%g(;J"?$-a:6u "#9PQ#e:-/5!=æQW,-/#9 !$68²‰ÈñK# ,68W"?$3JT-N# 5B(+?$?Š‚
ƒ ÍC
ñ Í¥ô ~n‹y^2(+"33"-D -/.95B!="-/# "-bPL*T-N6 E
JT-/)(g‚Q!$68W,./ƒ•:,-a3,!$J"?=6L%'M8q?=!$M;-I68.Í:,-a.9-D‚+-/. #9-468,-+X
Å)Ñ
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"ØuÙwÚhÔlØTÒ@ӕÛÜÖl×LÒ)ÖlÝ¥ØÅׇÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×
Î
Ï
ÐÒÑ
×ÙØÛÚ
ÓÏ
Ô
Ü
ÞVՔâãÔ
Ô
Ó&ԖÕ
Ø
Ø
Ö
Ý Ô
ÓZÐÓâãÞ
äæÐÇá
Ø
ÞVß
Ý Þ
ÐÇä
Ô§ä<äæÐÒÕ
ØÛà
Ñ
Ñ
Ï
Ï
Ø
ÐÇå}Ô
龜
Ô
ÓZÕÐ
Ó
Ø
Ø
Þ
ÓÏ
Ø
åZâ;ÓâãÞ
Ø
å
Ô
â Ø
ÐÇå}Ô
s "!$#&%')(+*L:-/.&0[-<!$"%D68. *T68. (;:-j# 6+5B-a. -/(+?Sq #9PQ#9 -/5ˆ-DêO-/%y:#R!$>:67:"-j:"-D68.9P„6 E 68. !=-/Lq
'(Ï:!$6+)(+?†*")(+#9-1:. (+"#9!=:!=68"#lW""3"-D.Í# ,-g(+.[ "6 0jX_b*"(+.9 !$%/W,?i(+.D^w02-I#e:W"3,P7:,-I!$, "W"-/"%D6 E :,-d# "-/(+.eq %/-/?=?ÅJT68W""3"(+. !=-/#p68‡ "-d68. !=-/>'(Ï:!$6+‡6 E :"-d?$(+57-/?$?$(+.c*")(+#9-+X_km-d*". -D3"!$%y
:"(;I(ÏI?$6n0#9"-g(;.1.:(Ï:-/#D^O "-4*)(;.:(+?=?$-/?@6+. !$-D>'(; !$68s(+*"*T-g(+.9#R 6uJT-4#9:(+J"?=-+XRH[- E 68.9-<02)(g‚8-p#9"6n0CV:)(;:"-D. -Í!=#•(I%D. != !$%/(+?>‚+(;?$W"-26 E :"-[# "-/(+.•.:(Ï:-p(;0C"!$%' "-Í*)(;.:(+?=?$-/?w68.9!Sq
-/>:(;:!=68‡?$6+# -/#2!= #[#9:(+J"!=?$!=P7(;"3‡:"-R*O-D. *T-/"3,!$%/W,?i(+.268"-d(+*,*O-/(+. #Í!=5B57-/3,!i(; -/?=P4JO-D?$6n0
:,-# *"!="6Q3)(+?¿XCkm-(+#9# 6Q%/!i(Ï:-< "!$#&:. (+"# !S:!=68s0C!S:Y(B%/. 6+# # 6n‚+-/. E . 685ˆ "-< )W,%D:W"(;:!=68
:6f:,-<57-g(+Qq t)-D?$3„JO-D)(g‚L!=68W".DX[FÍR?$6n0[-D.p:-/57*T-/.:(Ï:W".9-/#/^†:,-<#e'(+J"!=?$!SP‡6 E :"-a*)(+. (+?$?=-/?
68.9!$-/>:(;:!=68N!$#&. -/#e:68.9-/3ºXCkm-at),3:)(ÏR "-4.9-/A8!=68s6 E #9:(+J"!$?=!=Pu6 E :,-4*T-/. *T-/,3"!$%DW"?i(+.
68.9!$-/>:(;:!=68Y.:(;*"!$3"?SP3,-/%/.9-g(+#9-/#4(+#I:"-f#9"-g(+.j. (;:-V!="%/.9-g(+#9-/#/Xf…p"!=#dJO-D)(g‚Q!$68W".d57!$A+w
JT-B57!$#9!$>:-D. *".9-D:-D3`(+#<(+x(+3"3"!S:!$6+)(+?•*T-/.9*O-D"3"!$%DW"?i(;.j 6*)(;.:(+?=?$-/?:.:(;"# !S:!$6+m.9-/%/-D>:?=P
3"!=# %/W,# # -D3!=N "-j?$!S:-/. (;:W,. -+X
çbnŽ
èéʇ”_‘_š{êU˜UœC”•Ÿ/š4Ê
kë"-Dm#9W"J>=9-/%y:-D3x:6N(b# ,-g(+.d )6n0j^FIH J"?$6Q%'M%D68*T68?=PQ57-/.I57-/?S:#I-r,,!$J"!Sa(+G68. !=-/>'(Ïq
:!=68)(+?[*")(+#9-sJT-/)(g‚Q!$6+W".V0C"!$%'è!$#7(+J"#9-/>u!=-/æwW"!$?=!$J".9!$W"5„XF™#9PQ#9 -/5 W""3,-/.7# "-/(+.
# ,6 0C#N"6;b68"?SPè .:(+"#9!= !$68"#uJO-y0[-D-/â3"!=êO-/.9-/>N5B6+. *""6+?$68A8!=-/#‰ÈPQ*"!=%g(+?=?=P?i(+57-/?=?i(+.D^
"-r"(;A868)(+?Š^O%DW"J"!=%+^º(;"3YA+PQ. 6+!$3¡ß~8^OY£ ¤i‹y^OJ"W,j(+?=# 67:.:(;"# !S:!$6+"#RJT-D02-/-DG3"!=êO-/.9-/>
ëíìîðï
%(„¥'•),'
î•ë턐ñ&6 E "-/#9-V5B68.9*""68?=68A8!=-/#C0C!=:U.9-/#9*O-D%Dd:6‡ "-#9"-g(+.dA+-/6857-D .9P8Xj…p"!=#I-DêO-/%y
!$#l-yQ -/"#9!=‚8-D?=PB3"!$#9%/W"#9# -D3„!=B "-1-r,*T-/.9!$57-/>'(;?T?=!= -/.:(Ï:W".9- E 68.c:,-1?i(;5B-D?$?i(;.C¡«}Q^T~n}Ϥº(;"3
"-r"(;A868)(+?@*,)(+# -D#¡ÜÇ"~8^,Çw\ϤŠX
…p"-G:"-D68. -y:!$%/(+?d3"-D# %/.9!$*, !$68â6 E :"-G?i(;5B-D?$?i(;.u. -D68. !=-/>'(Ï:!$6+é0Í(+#s3"-D‚+-/?=68*O-D3K!=
¡¢}+],^Æ}+£ ¤R‰´# -D-‡Z["(+*,:-D.\+‹yX7…p"-B# (+57-757-D "6Q3G0[(+#<(+*"*"?=!$-D3h!=mZ[)(+*, -/.<]N 6s#e:W"3,P
:,-<"-r,(+A868)(;?Æ*"(; -/. ÅXÍs "-/#9-<:,-/68.9!$-/#D^):"-<68. !=-/>'(; !$68"(+?Å:. (+"#9!=:!=68"#C(+*,*O-/(+.1(;#
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"Ø{ò8ÚÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×8CàV҆8pޕàQÛßޕץ1×"ÞÅÖ
ÅML
τMF = 0
D/D∗
1
ó
Bóó
ó
õõõA
õõõõõõõõõõõ
ôôôôôôôôôôôC
ôôô
τf
−τ
ä !=A8W". -}LXS~8ƒlL%'"-/5B(; !$%*""(+# -V3"!$(+A8. (+5 öe:-D5B*T-/. (;:W,. -4‚Q#/Xj#9"-g(+.d. (;:-E÷b(+#d(‡%D6857*"!Sq
¥
?i(Ï:!$6+h6 E :"-7:"-D68. -y:!$%/(+?c*". -D3"!$%y:!=68"#aJwPxä). -D3". !=%'MQ#968(+,3x:"-B-yL*T-/. !=5B-D>'(+?=?=PU68JQq
# -D.9‚+-/3çZlq¿:. (+"# !S:!=68ºXh…p"-N68. 3"-D.eq 3"!$#968. 3"-D.4:. (+"#9!=:!=68`?=!$"-‡JT-/"(n‚+-/#B(+#°[Bìÿ ¸ E 6+.
# 5B(+?=?@# "-/(+.1. (;:-D#Iÿ (+,3s
° Bÿ{ Â
Ä E 68.1ÿÇ KXC…p"-Hlq .:(+"#9!= !$68N?$!="-a?$-D‚+-/?=#R6+ê
!$„ä). -D3". !=%'Mw# 68 W¢#p:"-D68.9P+X
( . -D# W"?Sp6 E :,-d!$>:-D.:(+%y:!$6+‡6 E # "-/(+.Í )6n0â0C!=:‡ "-d%/.9!= !$%g(;?† "W"%D W)(;:!=68"#p!=u:"-d57-/?SgX
…p"-D. -„(+. -B0[6G3"!=#9:!="%D. -/A+!$57-/#/ƒf02-g(+M`#9"-g(;.V68"?=Pm# ?=!$A8> ?=Ph*O-D.9 W". J"# "-‡ )W"%y:W)( q
:!=68#9*O-D%D . W"50C"!$?=-4#9 . 68,A‡# "-/(+.I#9!$A8"!St)%g(;w ?=P„3"W"57*"#& )W"%D W)(; !$68"#D^º. -D#9 68. !="AB "57-g(+Lq¿t)-/?=3fJO-D)(g‚L!=68W".c!$V "-C?$!$57!=6 E !$,t),!=:-p#9"-g(;.l. (;:-&ÿø KX•Z[68. .9-/#9*O68,3"!$"A+?=P8^
:,-Y*)(+. (+?$?=-/?C?i(+57-/?=?i(+-h‰:"-D!$.B"68. 5B(+?&!$#B*)(+.:(;?$?$-D?p:6x "-Y# ,-g(+.‡A+.:(+3"!=-/>‡3,!$. -D%D !$68†‹
(+.9- E 68W""3m:6UJT-‡#9:(+J"?$-B!$x "-‡#95u(+?=?c# "-/(+.V.:(; -u.9-/A8!=5B-;^¥0C"!$?=-B "-‡*T-/. *T-/,3"!$%DW"?i(+.
?i(;5B-D?$?i(;-a‰È:,-/!$.["68. 5B(+?†!$#[*O-D. *T-/"3"!=%/W"?$(+.2 6JT6+:‡ "-IA8. (+3"!$-D>p(+"3‡ "6 0²3"!=. -/%y:!=68"#'‹
(+.9-#9:(+J"?$-f(Ïd"!$A+U# "-/(+.d.:(; -/#DXä). -D3". !=%'MQ#968G)(+#d#9"6n0CG )(;j! E 68"-'(;M+-/#j!=w 6b(+%rq
%/6+W">_:"-C3"!SêÅ-D. -/,%/-p!$V‚Q!$#9%/68#9!= !$-/#¥6 E :"-C*"W".9-p5B-D?=_%D6857*O68,-/>:#D^8:"-C*T-/. *T-/,3"!$%DW"?i(+.
*")(;# -a?$68#9-/#&!=:#C#e'(+J"!=?$!SPb(;&?$6n0K-/"68W,A8s -/57*O-D.:(; W". -D#1(+,3s:,-<*)(;.:(+?=?$-/?Å68. !=-/>'(; !$68
!$#p.9-/#e:68.9-/3º2
X L%'"-D5u(Ï:!$%/(+?$?SPB "!$#pJT-/"(n‚Q!=68W".C!$#p#9W"5B5B(+.9!$§/-D3N!$Nä¥!=A"Xõ}QX=~8X
¨R6n02-D‚8-D./^" "-/.9-1!$#l-yL*T-/.9!$57-/>'(+?T-D‚Q!=3"-/"%D-R )(;[ "!$#l*"!=%D:W,. -&!$#l"6+Í%D6857*"?$-y:-+X¥FÍ
‚8-D.9Pf"!=A8f# "-/(+.c.:(; -/#D^Q "-C*)(+.:(;?$?$-D?,68.9!$-Dw:(;:!=680[(+# E 6+W""3V:6aJO-p "-C68"?=P4#9:(+J"?$-C68,¡ß~ ,^¥\ ¤ŠXY…p"!=#4%g(;""6+VJT-u-rL*"?i(+!="-/3x!$x "-u3"!=# %DW"# #9-/3 E .:(+57-D0268.9Mm6 E ¡«}+£Ï¤¿^•#9!$"%D-‡!=
*".9-/3"!=%D:#p "-j#9'(;J"!$?=!=PB. -/A+!$68 E 68.Í "-j*O-D. *T-/"3"!=%/W"?$(+.Í*""(+# 4
- '—ë4îð„7‡(ì»%Ÿ)íñ%[(+#&
ÿ KX
¨R-D. -R02-I*".968*T68# -1(+u-r,*,?i(+)(Ï:!$6+B6 E :"-1(+3"3"!S:!$6+)(+?":. (+"#9!=:!=68‰È:,-dZlq .:(+,# != !$68
ò8ÚÄÃ8ڔù†ú2ÞºÔ]1ÛÒU×üûpÝÅÔLÖ2Û®8pÞ;6
ÅMq
!$hä¥!=A"X}LX=~n‹yX4km-7(+. A8W,-:)(;j "-f5B!=# # !="Ab-/?=-/57-/>j6 E :"-V "-/68.ePG!$#I "-f!$>:-D.:(+%y:!$6+
6 E "-UJ"?$6Q%'M%/68*T68?=PQ57-/.B5B-D?=70C!=:é "-Y0[(+?$?=#u6 E "-U# "-/(+.b%/-D?$?ŠXKkx-U%D68"#9!$3"-D.b(
J"?=6L%'Mç%D68*O6+?=PQ5B-D.b%/68Lt)"-/3K!$Lq JO-y0[-D-/K026|0[(+?$?=#b!$² "-hA8.:(+3,!$-/>„3"!=. -/%y:!=68K(;"3
# W,>J =9-/%y:-/3Y 6‡(f#9 -g(+3,P„#9"-g(+.& )6n0jC
X ýR#9W)(+?$?SP‡:,-43"!=#9'(;"%/-aJO-y0[-D-/Y "-<!=>:-/. E (+%/-D#1!=
:,-R6+ "-/.c02643"!=. -/%y:!=68"#c!$#c5W"%'B?i(+.9A8-/.c(;"3B02-R!=A8"68.9-p:"-D!$.c!$, "W"-/"%D-+X_…p"!=#c5B6Q3"-/?
0C!$?=?•*".9-/3"!=%Da:"-7*)(+. (+?$?=-/?•68.9!$-Dw:(;:!=68U:6„JO-7#9:(+J"?=-B!=G "-‡þ
ÿ ?$!=5B!SI#9!$"%D-7 "!$L )W"-/,%/-‡6 E # "-/(+.V(+"3m )W"%D W)(; !$68"#a‚;(+"!$#9"-/#4!$m "!$#<?$!=5B!SgXb…p"-‡6+"?=PG#ePL5757-D:.eP>q
J".9-g(+Mw!$,A E (+%y:68.!=# "-/a:"-c0[(+?$? q%/6+*O68?SPQ5B-D.º!$>:-D.:(+%y:!=68d0C"!$%'<#9'(;J"!$?=!$§/-D#@:"-l*)(+. (+?$?=-/?
68.9!$-/>:(;:!=68N¡ß~8~ L^,~n]8£Ï¤ŠX•…p"-C%D685B*,?$-y4JT-/)(g‚Q!$68W,.c(;_?$6n02-/._#9"-g(+._. (;:-D#•0C!$?=?"(+.9!$# - E . 685
:,-p!$>:-D. *"?$(nP<6 E :,. -/- E (;%D:6+. #/ƒÆ# ,-g(+.• )6n0j^> )W"%y:W)(Ï:!$6+"#/^w(+,30Í(+?=?Sq 5B-D?=Æ!$>:-D.:(+%y:!=68"#/X
kx-m(+3"57!=N )(;N:"-h!$L )W"-/,%/-x6 E :,-x# W,. E (+%D-m!=w -/. (+%D !$68"#N!=#s*T68# #9!$J"?SPç# 5B(+?=?¿X
¨R6n02-D‚+-/./^&HÍ(;?$#:(;.:[
( %('«-½),+•.9-/*T68.9 -/3o¡ ~n] Ϥp:)(Ïu!= "-(;J"# -D"%/-Y6 E # ,-g(+.f:"-„0Í(;?$?$#
6 E "-/!=.u#9"-g(+.B%/-D?$?&!$"3"W,%/-/3è:"-Y*"(+.:(+?=?$-D?C(+?$!=A8"57-/>f:".968W"A8:"-0C,68?$
- g} q575 ÿ
E
E
#:(;5B*"?=-+^(+?= "68W"A+m:,-u?i(;5B-D?$?i(;.1# *"(+%/!="A0[(+#4#9685B-y0C)(; 68W".a68. 3"-D. #<6 5B(+A8"!S:W"3"# 5B(+?=?$-/.DD
X ýR,3"-/.R# "-/(+./^O¦(+W". -D4
. %('•- ),+¡ß~n] ϤÆ68J,# -/.e‚8-D3G )(;R!$"3,-/*T-/"3"-D>I6 E "-4J,W"?$M
68.9!$-/>:(;:!=68º^c:"-D. -„!$#7(+?=0[(gPQ#u(G"-g(;.eq#9W". E (;%/-„?i(gP8-D.B6 E :"-„*)(+. (+?$?=-/?Í?$(+57-/?$?$(+-B0C,!$%'
*T-/"-y:.:(Ï:-/#[W"*u:6V\ 5ï!$>:6a:"-RJ"W"?$M†X_…pwW"#D^"-D‚+-/N(<02-g(+M7#9PQ575B-y:.ePwq J". -/(+Mw!$"Aat)-/?=3
%g(;sJT-j%/. W,%/!i(;?º!$b:,-<(;J"# -D"%/-a6 E 6+:"-D. E (+%D 68. #DX
kx-&(+?=# 6I0[(+>2 6j5B-Dw !$68 )(;_ "-C-/æwW"!$?=!$J".9!$W"5 :,-/68.ePV6 E J"?$6Q%'M8q%/6+*O68?SPQ5B-D.¥57-/?=
68.93"-/.9!$"Ab"-/(+.j# W". E (+%/-D#j!$#I02-/?$?_3,-D‚8-D?$68*T-/3|¡ß~8~ L^_~g]8£L^•~g] ,^•~gÇ L^_~gÇ"~;^•~gÇw\Q^•~gÇ>]Q^•~gÇ8Ç"^
~gÇw}w^O~/Ç>£;¤•‰´# -D-IF1*,*O-D"3"!SL-D#ÍFo(+,3bHp‹yX L6857-1æwW"-D#9 !$68"#[%/68"%D-/.9"!$"A<:"-I3LPL"(+5B!=%/#l6 E
# W,%'`(+h68. 3,-/. !="Ab0[-D. -B(+3"3".9-/#9# -/3m!$è¡ß~güÇ Q^_~/Ç>];¤ŠXf¨R6n0[-y‚8-D./^•W"> !$?•"6n0j^:"!=#I:"-D68.9P
)(+#C"6;CJO-D-/Y(;*"*"?$!=-/3‡ 67,68Lq-DæwW"!$?=!$J".9!$W"5v#9PQ#9 -/57#/X
…p"!$#d%'"(+*,:-D.j!$#d68.9A>(+"!=§/-/3h(+# E 6+?$?$6n0C#DX<Z
L-/%y:!=68m}LXõ\B02-f3"-/.9!=‚+-f "-f-/æwW)(; !$68,#
A86n‚8-D. "!="AU:"-b3LPL"(+5B!=%/#6 E "-b5B-D?=(+"3%/68,#9:.9W"%DB(Y"6+Lq-DæQW,!$?$!=J". !=W"5ì*O6;:-/> !i(+?
0C"68#9-57!$"!=5u(;?l‚;(+?=W"-„0C!=?$?Í3,-D:-D. 57!$"-N:,-s#e'(+J"?=-N68. !=-/>'(; !$68ÅX|K
Q-/%D !$68|}LX«]h02(+)(;?=PQ§/-j:"-<Hlq[(+"3YZlq .:(+"#9!= !$68"#<‰:"-a# "-/(+.1. (;:-a6 E :"-aF&q¿:.:(;"# !S:!$6+„"(+#1(;?$. -/(+3,P
JT-/-/s-/#e:!$5B(; -/3„!$©
L-/%y:!$6+Y\LX¢Çw‹rX[%D68"%D?$W"#9!$68N0[-<3"!$#9%/W"#9#R!=s3,-D'(;!$?º:,-<*".968*T-/.9 !$-D#
6 E :"-j*""(+# -a3"!i(;A8.:(+5v68J,:(+!$,-/3ºX
çbÈ
ÊY’
Ÿgœ
“ b˜Ya”_Ÿ/š4Ê}Ë
¦@-D1W"#I%/6+"# !=3"-/.d(BJ"?$6Q%'MN%/68*T68?=PQ57-/.&5B-D?=R%/68Lt)"-/3U!=LqJT-D02-/-DY0[6b#9W". E (;%/-/#d!=s "q3"!=. -/%y:!=68ºX@ •!=#¥(;?$# 6&# W,J>=9-/%y:-/3V 6I(R#e:-/(+3,P<# "-/(+. )6n0 U¬Kÿ
I‰´#9-/-pä!$A"X}LX\8‹yXºkm!$A+"68. -[(+>P(;?=:-D.:(; !$68<6 E :,!$#‚+-/?=6L%D!=P<*". 6+t"?$-Í(;"3f(+# #9W"57-[:)(Ï_!=¥!$#¥M;-/*,_ ". 6+W"A8"68WL
:,-„0C"6+?$-N#9PQ#9 -/5„Xékx-„%'"6Q68# -„:"-„?$6Q%g(;?Í3"-D‚Q!$(;:!=68è6 E :,-s%D685B*T68#9!=:!=68 E . 6+5 != #
(g‚8-D.:(+A8-d 6BJT-j(+„68. 3"-D.C*)(+.:(;5B-y:-/.&ª‰´Î;‹Í(+"3N3"-yt)"-a!= #Cä†6+W". !=-/.Í:. (+"# E 68. 5z(+#
ª¥‰ ‹_¬
Î \ ª¥‰ÈÎ;‹
® h
(+,3
ª¥‰ÈÎ+‹_¬
\
ª¥‰@‹
®
‰Š}LX=~n‹
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"Ø{ò8ÚÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×8CàV҆8pޕàQÛßޕץ1×"ÞÅÖ
ő
"!"! "!"! "!"! "!"! "!"! "!"! "!"! "!"! "!"! "!"! "!"! "!"!
$$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# $$# "!"!"! "!"!"! "!"!"! "!"!"! "!"!"! "!"!"! "!"!"! "!"!"! "!"!"! "!"!"! "!"!"! "!"!"!
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # .# .# .# .# .# .# .# .# . . . . .
**) **) **) **) .-- **) .-- **) .-- **) .-- **) .-- **) .-- **) .-- **) .-- **) ,+ .-- **) ,+ .-- .-- .-- .-- )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ,+,+ ) ,+,+ ,+,+ ,+,+ ,+,+ ,+,+ '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '('
('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('('
%% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% %% &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
%% ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('(' ('('
y
x
z
ä !=A8W". -&}QXõ\LƒGI. !$-D>'(; !$68"#_6 E "-R?$(+57-/?$?$(+.Æ*")(+#9-R!=u(d# !=5B*,?$-p# ,-g(+.c )6n0jX•…p"-R(ρL-/#l6 E
¥
:,-<%D6L68.93"!$"(;:-j#9PQ#e:-/5%/6+. . -D# *T68"3„:6B "-a# "-/(+.RA+-/6857-D .9PTƒ2ŒU!=#p:"-a )6n03"!$.9-/%y:!$6+
‰ ¥‹r^ !$#[ "-IA8. (+3"!=-/>Í3"!=. -D%D:!=68U‰ Àϋ[(+,3 !$#2 "-1‚+68.9 !$%/!SPu3,!$. -D%D !$68Y‰
•‹rX_
:,-B*)(;.:(+?=?$-/?68. !=-/>'(Ï:!$6+Y:"-7"68.95u(+?:6N:"-7?i(+57-/?=?i(+.&?i(gP+-/. #a!$#j68.9!$-Dw -/3h*)(+. (+?$?=-/? 6
:,-dA8.:(+3,!$-/>p3,!$. -D%D !$68º^Q!$‡ "-d*T-/. *T-/,3"!$%DW"?i(+.268"l
- ÿ7 6:"-I‚+68.9 !$%/!SPu3,!$. -D%D !$68ºX¥…p"0[(+?$?=#p!$ 3"!=. -D%D:!=68N!$>:-D.:(+%yp0C!= N "-j5B-D?=C(;"3s*,. - E -D.C68"-j6 E :"-j%/6+5B*T68"-Dw #/X
0/21
43
5/768
0C"-D. ®
~ `
:9 œ < ;
®
h
>=
¶ ¶
h
‰¿\ Ƌ ¸
@?
(+"3
Î
® h
9
® _ h
_
Œ
A ¸ _ 3
® A ¸ h ® h
_
‰Š}LXõ\+‹
C!$#p%D68>‚8-D"!$-Dw&:6V0268. Mu!$N3"!$57-/,# !$6+"?$-D# #ÍW",!=:#C(;"3„02-j. -D# %g(;?$-j?$-D"A+:,#C(+"3b0Í(g‚+-yq
‚8-D%D 68. #Dƒ2Îv  Î(+,3 •^ 1JT-/!="AV:"-j#9!$§/-j6 E (f5B68,685B-D./X
ä)68?$?=6 0C!="As¡«}Q~8^º};],^º};£;¤02-V(+#9# W"57-4 )(;1 "-3,PQ)(;5B!=%/#1W,"3"-/.1# "-/(+.R )6n0 !$#RA86n‚>q
-/.9"-/3„J>Pb:"-aä)68MwM+-D.eqåc?$(+"%'M‡-DæwW)(;:!=68ºƒ
B
C BD EB
F c ¡¢ªÆÃHG¤ ¬ Î í k í ± íI o ±èÿ F ª p ¡ÜÎwÃHG¤ ‰Š}LX]8‹
F G ® h í ª‰´Î;‹ m í ª¥‰ÈÎ+‹ í ª‰´Î;‹
FŒ c
0C"-D. - c ¡¢ªÆÃHG ¤†!=#_:"-C*".968J)(+J"!=?$!SP< 6<.9-g(+?=!$§/-Í "-&68. 3"-D.c*)(+.:(;5B-y:-/.c*".96+t)?=-1ª‰´Î;‹•(;c:!=5BGr^†(+"3 !$#C(+GI"# (+A8-/.C%D6L-KJB%D!$-Dw/X
Y-/æ†X$‰¿}LX«]>‹p:"-4¨1(+57!$?S:68"!$(+
I %/6+"# !=#9I6 E 0[6u%/68>:.9!$J"WL:!$6+"#/ƒ[ "-4J,W"?$M„¨1(;5B!=?Sq
ò8ÚÄÃ8ڔù†ú2ÞºÔ]1ÛÒU×üûpÝÅÔLÖ2Û®8pÞ;6
ÅM¡
:6+"!i(+b3,-/. !S‚8-D3J>PN¦@-/!=J"?$-D.a¡¢£Yn¤
~
~
‰¸ ´³+‹ ª‰Š¹@‹9ª¥‰eµR¹@‹@±
Ä ‰´¹ÆÂyÃ'¹ ¸ Ã'¹ÅÄy‹ ª‰Š¹ÆÂe‹ ª¥‰´¹ ¸ ‹9ª¥‰Š¹OÄr‹
ž
¡«ª)¤­¬
\j® ¯
],¼>® ¯ ½,® ¯ ¾†® ¯ À
~
±
Ìω´¹ÆÂyÃ'¹ ¸ Ã:¹ÅÄgÃ'¹OÌD‹9ª¥‰´¹ÆÂ9‹ ª‰Š¹ ¸ ‹ ª¥‰´¹ÅÄr‹9ª¥‰Š¹TÌy‹
‰Š}LX«Ç>‹
Ç"¼>® ¯ ½ ® ¯ ¾ ® ¯ À ® ¯ŠÉ
(+"3N:,-a#9W". E (;%/-j-/"-D. A+Pm¡ß~8~ Q^@~n]8£ ¤
,‹ Â
œ
œ
ª¥‰ÈÎ;‹e¸
±
±
µ
‰Š}LXõ}+‹
ž
¬ h Î iµ1©u ª¥‰ÈÎ;‹º±
®
\
\
\
í
í
0C"-D. ‚
- ž !$#N(wW"5JT-/.b6 E 5B6+"6857-/. #u!$â(5B68?=-/%DW"?$-;^R©uÂ}B ‰ džY‹ ª !$#u "#9 . -D"A+:U6 E :"-<!$>:-D.:(+%y:!$6+YJO-y0[-D-/U:,-# W". E (+%/-(+"3 "-%/6+*O68?SPQ5B-D.R57-/?Sg^O? (+"3}‹,Â
3"-D# %/.9!$JT-/#a:"-B(+3"3"!S:!=68)(+?_!=w -/. (+%D !$68G!$h:"-757-/?=a!="3"W"%D-/3xJ>PG:,-u*".9-/# -D"%/-u6 E "# W,. E (+%D-‰È!=l%')(+"A+-/#2 "-&?$6Q%g(+?" -/57*O-D.:(; W". -&!$f:"-C‚Q!$%D!$"!SP6 E "-&# W". E (+%/-g‹y]
X GIW".cA86>(+?
!$#Æ:6R%/68"#e:.9W"%Dl(1.9-g(+? q#9*)(+%/-l‚8-D. # !=686 E "-p¦@-/!=J"?$-D.¥¨R(+57!$?= 68"!$(+
X¥„Ä¡ YL^,Q^Q~8~ ;¤
!=@0[(+#Æ# "6n0C<"6n0`:6&3"-g(;?80C!=:j:,-2#9-/%/6+"3Lq6+. 3"-D.Ƃ+-/.9 -y E W""%y:!=68ºã
X L-/*"(+.:(; !$"A&# 5B(+?=?Sq
(+"3„?i(;. A8-rq 0[(n‚+-yq¿‚8-/%y:68.&(+#ePQ5B*, 6+:!=%dJO-D)(g‚Q!$68W".D^)68"-d%/(+s#9"6n0o:"(;
IA
EL
L
L
<OPN RQ TS UQ TS O
V XWY[Z M \
2N
I4M
IA
L
0C"-D. -
^] _
¬
u
VÊ
V
‰Š}LX£8‹
]
\ ¸ w ¸ e‰ ~pµ”wº‹ ¸
¸
\w•‰»~&
µ wº‹
¬
s
s
± u4³ ¸ µ
¸ ‰´³+‹< ³ ¸ ”
Ê
¬
V
]_
V M
‰Š}LX@+‹
]
\ dž™µç‰ džY‹ o ±
o
Ä
m
m w ‰»~&µ”wŋ Ä
Â
¸
0C!= wo¬þž  ÷Ež JO-D!$"AG:"-b‚+68?$W"57- E .:(;%D:!=686 E :"-„F&q %/6857*O6+"-/>gXK¡ ~+~Ϥp ":,!$. 3Qql(+"3 E 68W".e:Lq 68. 3"-D.͂8-D.9:-r E W""%D !$68,#Í0[-D. -<(+# #9W"5B-D3s 67JT-j%/68,#9'(;w/Xl¨R6n0[-y‚8-D./^
(+#l!=_0[(+#[,6+:-D3u!$¡¢}+£;¤T(+"3B!$uZ[)(+*, -/.9#p\L^«]<(;"3uÇ"^w!S2!=#c%/. W,%/!i(;?":64M;-/-D*u:"-R(+"A+W"?i(+.
3"-D*O-D"3"-/,%/-46 E :,- E 68W,.9:Qq68.93"-/.͂+-/.9 -y E W""%y:!=68s!=N68. 3"-D.p:673"!$#9%/. !=5B!=)(; -IJO-y0[-D-/
:,-I*)(+. (+?$?=-/?T(+"3‡ "-d*O-D. *T-/"3,!$%/W,?i(+.268. !=-/>'(; !$68,#/X•…p"-D. -;^,:"- E 68?$?=6 0C!="A(;*"*". 6gL!$5B(Ïq
:!=68‡0[(+#R5B(+3"-;ƒ
`
L
L ÌÏÄ ‰Š‰ •¹Æî ÂyÃQ¥Ã:î¹ ¹ Ãg¸ µ Ã'•¹Åî Ä'Ãg‹lµb¬ î¹ ‹_í ¬ ‰´¹ÆËÂ@±è~C¹ µ¸ ±èñ2‰ ¹Åbî Ä'òŋ L@î¹ Ä‹»¸ f
e
Ã
ñUô
~
‰Š}LXy8‹
î ¬ ÷+¶OXfm-DæTX$‰¿}QXy>‹d(+?=? "-V0Í(g‚8-rq ‚+-/%D 68. #(+. -f(+#9# W"57-/3h:6N)(g‚8-f:,-7# (+570C"-D. - ?$-D"A+ „¶>·[¬ ‰tsd÷,u‹ Â
¿Ì ^,0C"!=%'N%/68.9. -/#9*O6+"3"#p:6 "-It). #eCW""#e'(+J"?=-I576L3"-168b:"-I#9*"!$Qq
6Q3)(+?l¡ Y£ ϤŠXͅp"-<(+# #9W"5B*L:!$6+sñhô ~j0Í(;#1# ,6 0Cs:67JO-a%/68.9. -D%D E 68.&(+?$5768#9&(;wPs(+.9%'"!Sq
:-D%D W". -a6 E F1HâJ,?$6Q%'M>q %/68*T68?SPL57-/.p5768?=-/%/W,?$-/#a‰ E 68.C-y,(+57*"?$-;^ E 68.C3"!$J,?$6Q%'MQ#Cñ gS~8^)# -D-
ba
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"Ø{ò8ÚÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×8CàV҆8pޕàQÛßޕץ1×"ÞÅÖ
ÅM¯
Z )(+*L:-/.jÇw‹rXfä)68.j(+m(+. J"!S:. (+.9Ps#9:(+.j6 E DŽ¹æW¢#a68"-V%g(;h0C.9!=:-V 6N "-f?$6n02-/#9a68.93"-/.j!=
[
(+"A+?$-/#a¡ß~n]L^º~n],~y¤
c6
L Ìω Æî¹ ÂrÃ î¹ ¸ à Åî¹ Ägà Tî¹ Ìy‹c¬
‰ Æî¹ Â± î¹ ¸ ± Åî¹ Ä¥± Tî¹ ÌD‹
í
· ± Ë Â ‰gÆî¹ Â•òÅî¹ ¸ ‹/‰gÅî¹ Ä2òÅTî¹ Ìy‹@±K‰gÆî¹ Â•òÅOî¹ Är‹/‰gî¹ ¸ òÅTî¹ Ìy‹±K‰nî¹ Â¥òÅTî¹ ÌD‹/‰nî¹ ¸ òÅOî¹ Äy‹ o
kË m
± Ë ¸ ‰ î¹ Â¥ò î¹ ¸ ‹ ¸ ±K‰ Æî¹ Â•ò Oî¹ Är‹ ¸ ±K‰ Æî¹ Âò Oî¹ ÌD‹
m
Ë Â
Ë ·
‰Š}LXy8‹
¸ ±K‰ î¹ ¸ ò Åî¹ Är‹ ¸ ±K‰ î¹ ¸ ò Oî¹ ÌD‹ ¸ ±K‰ Åî¹ Äcò Oî¹ ÌD‹ ¸ o<p
Ë
^ ¸ ô ~
Ë ·
Z[6857*)(+. !=# 68b0C!S:N-/æ†X$‰¿}LXº>‹ÍA8!=‚+-/#
\ Ë Â@±Ç Ë ¸
‰¿}LXS~>‹
Ë ·•± Ë Â@±|\ Ë ¸
…pwW"#/^C:"-s. -DæQW,!$. -D3é. -/(+?Sq # *)(;%/-.9-/*".9-/#9-/>'(; !$68|6 E :"-¨1(+57!$?S:68,!i(+
/% (+éJT0 . !S -/„(+#
C
¸ ~
u
s
ž
¡«ª)¤O¬ h Î k
uª‰´Î;‹ o µ ¥ª¥‰ÈÎ;‹e¸±
Î ¨ ‰ÈÎ1µÎ ¨ ‹9ª¥‰´Î;‹9ª¥‰´Î ¨ ‹
®
\ m
Ù
\ Ê
\s® h
¸
Bª¥‰´Î;‹¥ò Bª¥‰´Î;‹ o
Ë ·
Ä
] Ë Â m
±
ª‰´Î;‹ Ä ±
ª¥‰ÈÎ;‹ Ì ±
],¼
Ç,¼
Ç,¼
¶ ·Ì
¸
8ª¥‰ÈÎ+‹ o
m
£ Ë ¸
±
ª‰´Î;‹e¸
µ i ‰ÈÎ+‹9ª¥‰ÈÎ+‹ p ± ž
¿‰ }LXS~8~ ‹
Ç"¼
¶ ·Ì
Ë ¬ Ë ·•± Ë Âº±è\ Ë ¸
/
I
ñG¬ µ
V
L
0C"-D. -
Ã
/
ed
I
@/
/gfh/gi
I4M
d ‰´Î1µÎ ¨ ‹l¬ ® ¯ \j ³ü ¸ 5ký
‰¿}LXS~ \8‹
¨R-D. -02-V)(g‚8-7(+3"3,-/3h(+G(+WLL!=?$!i(;.9PNt)-/?=3 i 0C,!$%'U0C!$?=?"-D?$*UW"#I 6b%/68,#9:.9W"%D<(u "-/.»q
576L3,PQ)(;5B!=%R*T6+:-D>:!i(;?ÅA86n‚8-D. "!="A:,-d3,PQ)(+57!$%/#[W""3"-D.p# "-/(+./XcF E -/.e0Í(+.93"#p!=[0C!$?$?TJT# -yC:6f§/-D. 6"X
…p"-Rä†6+MQM;-/.»q»å_?i(+,%'M-/æwW)(; !$68s‰Š}LX]8‹:68A8-y:"-D._0C!=:f-DæQ#DXi‰Š}LXS~8~8^}LX@Q^õ}LX}8‹ E 68.95ï(d*""-rq
"6857-/,68?$68A+!$%g(;?T#9-D&6 E -/æwW)(; !$68,#p3"-/#9%/. !=J"!$,Af "-d3,PQ)(+57!$%D#p6 E J"?$6Q%'M8q%/6+*O68?SPQ5B-D.[57-/?=
W""3,-/.V# ,-g(+.4 "6 0­!$m:"-b*".9-/#9-/"%D-„6 E #9W". E (;%/-/#DXhkm-‡3"6U,6+V# 6+?=‚8-B:"-D# -N-/æwW)(; !$68,#
3"!=. -/%y:?SP8^>J"W, E 68?=?$6n0C!$,Af¡«};£Ï¤)02-&W,# -C:"-C57-D:,6L3f6 E 0Í(;"§/!=Au¡ß~ ,\ Ϥ":6j3"-D. !=‚+-1(d#ePL#e:-D5
6 E %/68W,*"?$-D3s-DæQW"(;:!=68"# E 68.Í:,-jt". #9C026B%DW"5W"?$(+>:#p6 E c ¡¢ªÆà ¤c‰´#9-/-aF1*"*T-/,3"!Ss\QXHp‹
ml
q ‰´Î8ÂrÃ:Î ¸ ‹ì¬
b
<G
on Hp
n
Hp rn ª¥‰ÈÎ8Â9‹Hpsn¿ª¥‰´Î ¸ ‹Hp
´‰ Î;‹_¬ ª‰´Î;‹
ª‰´Î8Â9‹9ª¥‰´Î ¸ ‹ •µ
‰¿}LXS~n]>‹
ò8ÚÄÃ8ڔù†ú2ÞºÔ]1ÛÒU×üûpÝÅÔLÖ2Û®8pÞ;6
Ŧ³
q
0C"-D. - !$#j:"-b(g‚+-/.:(;A8-‡68.93"-/.»q*)(+. (+57-D:-D.4*".96+t)?=-+^_(+,3x:"-u#9:.9W"%D W". - E (+%D 68.
!$#4(
b
E
E
57-g(+#9W". -j6 :"-d )W,%D:W"(;:!=68"#XW)#e:.9-/"A+ ºX_kx-j!=w . 6Q3"W"%D-j(7A8-D"-/. (;:!="A W""%y:!$6+)(+?
t ¡ Á ÃHG¤T¬â?$68A ®2u
vN ®
wO HG
t HG
Î_ª¥‰ÈÎ;‹ ȉ Î;‹ c ¡¢ªÆà ¤cÃ
‰¿}LXS~gÇw‹
Á
W"#9-s-DæTX$‰¿}QX]>‹:6G3"-D. !S‚8-s(+è-DæwW)(;:!=686 E 576+:!=68 E 68. ¡ à ¤¿^2(+"3:,-/|-rL*)(+"3:"!=#
-/æwW)(Ï:!$6+„!=b:-/.95B#C6 E X_…p,-j0267?$6n0[-D#9eq68.93"-/.C-/æwW)(Ï:!$6+Á"#C. -g(;3
Á
ÿ
‰´Î;‹
~ ‰´Î;‹
µ
‰´Î;‹@±
‰´Î;‹¥
µ s h Î ¨ ‰ÈÎ1µ`Î ¨ ‹ ‰ÈÎ ¨ ‹
b
b Œ ± u
®
b
b
Êb
Ë ·
Ä
\ Ë Âº±Ç Ë ¸
µ
‰Ñ ‹p µ
‰ÈÎ+‹ o
k ‰´Î;‹e¸±
k ‰´Î;‹e¸±è] ‰ Ñ ‹ p ‰´Î;‹¥µ
\ b
],¼ b
¶ ·Ì
m
b
b
Ë Â
‰ÈÎ+‹O{ ‰´Î;‹r€ ¸ o ±
‰´Î;‹ p
‰¿}LXS~ }8‹
±
k
\8¶ ·Ì
m
b
b
b
¸
Ë
µ ¸ Ì ‰´Î;‹
‰ÈÎ+‹ o ± ‰ÈÎ;‹ ±
‰´Î;‹e¸
‰´Î;‹ o ± ‰ Ñ ‹ f¸ ‰ÈÎ+‹
m b
\8¶ · b m
b
b
b
b
F
zL
FG
q
F F
ª-rL*
yx
q
h
V
Kd
/2f>/gi |q { fsi
q { ffhx
/2f /2f }/
q { /2f/Pi ‚/2fh/Pi
q ƒx 5„…
~€ /gf/gi
œ
œ
O
± i ‰ÈÎ;‹@± ©u•µ"‹" ‰´Î;‹ƒo N ±
±
µ
m
\ S
\ S
í Q
í Q
b
(+"3
~ F q ‰´ÎIµÎ8Â9‹
ÿ q ‰´Î&µ`Î8Â9‹
¬ ‰ÈÎ1µ`Î8 ‹¥µ
FG í
\
F Œ Ä ± uUx q ‰ÈÎIµ`Î8Â9‹@± V Ê q ‰´Î&µÎ8Â9‹
µ s h Î ¨†d ‰´ÎRµÎ ¨ ‹ q ‰´Î ¨ µ`Î8 ‹¥µ L k q ‰ Ñ ‹@±|\ ‰´Î;‹ q ‰ÈÎRµÎ8Â9‹ p
®
\
b
Ë ·
Ë Â@±|\ Ë ¸
q { fsi‡/2f/Pi q ‰ÈÎ1µ`Î8Â9‹
µ
k ‰ÈÎ;‹e¸± q ‰ Ñ ‹ p q ‰´ÎRµ`Î8 ‹¥µ
\ b
¶ ·Ì
Ë Â
±
/2f k \ m /2f b ‰´Î;‹ o m / b ‰ÈÎ;‹¥ò@/ q ‰´ÎRµ`Î8 ‹ o
‰¿}LXS~n£>‹
\+¶ ·Ì
¸
¸
Ë ¸
± /gf q ‰´Î1µÎ8Â9‹ o / ‰´Î;‹ o ± q { iˆi>/gf q ‰ÈÎ1µ`Î8Â9‹ p µ
k q ‰ÈÎ1µÎ8Â9‹ /2f/gi ‰´Î;‹ o
Ì
m
m b
\8¶ ·
m
b
± q ‰ÈÎ1µ`Î8Â9‹ q { ±|\ ‰ÈÎ+‹ /2f/Pi ‰´Î;‹—o /gf/gi q ‰ÈÎRµÎ8Â9‹ƒoG± q ‰ Ñ ‹<x ¸ q ‰´Î&µÎ>Âe‹
m
m
b
b
±j\‡/gf/gi ‰ÈÎ;‹ q ‰´ÎRµ`Î8 ‹H/2f>/gi ‰ÈÎ+‹ o ±‰/2fh/Pi ‰´Î;‹e¸†/gf/gi q ‰´Î1µxÎ>Âe‹ op
m b
m b
b
œ
œ
O
µl‹" q ‰ÈÎ1µ`Î8Â9‹ N ±
±
µ
\ S
\ S
í Q
í Q
0C"-D. -
q { fsi<¬Š/ ¨f / ¨i q ‰ÈÎ1µÎ ¨ ‹‹‹‹ k ‹‹ a
Ã
q { Š¬ /gfh/gi>/ ¨f / ¨i q ‰ÈÎ1µÎ ¨ ‹‹‹‹ k ‹‹ a
‰¿}LXS~À8‹
ņÐ
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"Ø{ò8ÚÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×8CàV҆8pޕàQÛßޕץ1×"ÞÅÖ
¨ -D. d
R
- 02-a"(n‚+-j"-/A8?=-/%y:-/3s(+?=?Å"!=A8"-/.[%/W"5W,?i(+>:#C(;"3N5u(+3,-dW"# -j6 E (V)(; W".:(+?º(+# #9W"5B*Qq
:!=68 ´‰ Î8ÂrÃ:Î ¸ ‹c¬ ‰ÈÎ8•µ`Î ¸ ‹rX
F1*)(;.9 E . 685 :"-G#9W". E (+%D-U:-/.95B#D^1-DæQ#DXi‰Š}LXS~ }L^}LX=~g£>‹b(+. -Y "-G. -g(;?Sq#9*)(+%D-m(;)(+?$6+A`6 E
-/æw#DXi‰Š\LXHRX£,^\LX«H1yX 8‹yX1¨R-/.9-4:,-<:-D. 57#1*".968*T68.9 !$68)(;?º:6 ‰ Ñ ‹p*"?i(gPN:,-4. 6+?$-a6 E :,-4 )W"%rq
:W"(;:!=68b!$>:-DA8.:(;? c‰ @î ‹ E .9685¡¢}+£;¤Šƒ
q
q
q
mŒ Œc‰ @î ‹_¬
Ë
q ‰Š¹@‹[ð$~&µxñ[‰ Nî òÅ@î¹ ‹e¸ ó
\® ¯
‰¿}LXS~>‹
…6fM;-/-/*„68W".p576Q3"-/?Å(+#p# !=5B*"?=-I(+#p*T68#9# !$J,?$-+^Q0[-j?=-g(g‚8-d68,?=P7:"-d?=!$"-/(+.2 -/. 5z!$u "# ,W . E (+%D-a-D"-/.9A+Pm‰¿}QXõ}8‹Í(;"3s*,W,l‹"Â_¬LXl…p,-/N0[-a# -y
‚
‚
‰´Î;‹ì¬ \,‹l%/68#g‰¿¶8· ònÎͱ ^ ‹
‰¿}LXS~>‹
‰´Î;‹ì¬ \ i %/68#g‰¿¶8· ònÎͱ ^ ‹
i
0C"-D. -x‹‡!=#p:"-aP8-DR:67JO-a3"-y:-/.95B!="-/3(+57*"?$!S:W"3"-;^ !$#R(7W,"!=&‚8-D%D:6+.1*T-/. *T-/,3"!$%DW"?i(+.
:6U "-s#9W". E (;%/-N6 E "-N?i(+57-/?=?i(+-;^_(+"3 ^ !$#f(G*")(+#9-s#9"! E V0C"!=%'0C!=?$?ÍJT-N%'"68#9-/è 6
57!$"!=5B!=§/-I:,-# W". E (+%/-4-/"-D. A+P+Xd…p"-f(+WLL!$?=!i(+.eP‡t)-D?$3 i # !=5B*"?SP E 68?$?=6n0C#& "-JT-/)(g‚Q!$68W,.
6 E X„ä). -/3,. !$%'Mw#968`)(+#<# "6n0Cë¡ß~8~ Ϥl )(;<!$m-/æwW"!$?=!$J".9!$W"5„^º:,-u*".9-/# -D"%/-b6 E # W". E (+%/-D#
%g(;W"b # -D#2#9*)(;:!$(+?L‚;(+.9!i(; !$68,#•6 E :"-&(+57*"?=!=:W,3"
- ‹<0C,!$%'73"-/%/(nP-yL*O6+"-/>:!$(+?$?SPV(g0[(nP E . 685
:,-1# W,. E (+%D-+2
X L!$,%/-R02-d(+.9-168,?=Pf!$> -/. -D#9 -/3b!$7:"-R68. !=-/>'(Ï:!$6+B6 E "-1?$(+57-/?$?$(+.•*".96+t)?=‰¿}QX=~ 8‹y^¥02-b!$A8,68. -7:"-b#9*)(+%/!$(+?[3,-/*T-/"3"-D"%/-N6 E ‹h(+"3#9-Df!=4%/68,#9'(;w/XUkë!=:` "-/#9# !=5B*,?$!=t"%g(; !$68"#j:,-b-/æwW)(; !$68 E 68.<:"-Nä)68W".9!$-D.<:. (+"# E 68. 5
‰ ‹<6 E ‰´Î8Â͵çÎ ¸ ‹ E . 685
-/æ†X$‰¿}LXS~n£>‹Í.9-g(+3"#
b
E
q Žq
F q ‰‹
\ F G
~
0C"-D. -
¬~2±
F q ‰‹ µ q ·  ‰@‹ q ‰‹
F ¶^
\
ÿ
¶,
‰¿}LX\,>‹
q ·  ‰‹ì¬ I µ „î ò‘ ò Bî ±”uV¶ ¸ ± ¶ s ¸ µ V Ê M
 µ Nî ò}‘ ò î ¬ \ m ‰Vdž‹ M µbVdž o ± Ë ‹w¸ e ~Cµ`ñ2‰0sò î ‹e¸ f ±’Œ_‰ î ‹ ‰¿}LX\L~ ‹
R
¨R-D. -02-V)(g‚8-f!$> . 6Q3"W"%/-D3Y:"-V# (+57-"6+:(;:!=68Y(+#dJT- E 6+. -+XjG-/æ†X$‰¿}LX\L~ ‹ q ·Ï‰‹R!=#R "î 3"-D"6+:-D#¥:,-ì»%(„7ëí솓4),+0í%Ÿ…c:-D5B*T-/. (;:W,. -+X
-/æwW"!=?$!=J". !=W"5K#e:. W,%D:W,. - E (+%y:68.(+"3UŐ µ pî ò[‘ ò u
E
kë!= "!$é "-U )W"%y:W)(; !$68ç "-/68.eP| "-G# *"!="6L3"(+?1:-D5B*T-/. (;:W,. -U3"-y:-/.95B!="-/3
%/6+"3"!= !$68
.9685
"-
1µ N î ò ‘ ò î ‹‹‹ ú · ¬˜
‰¿}LX\8\8‹
‹‹ a
3"!SêÅ-D. # E .9685:"-‡57-g(;Lq t)-D?$3x‚;(+?=W"-U‰d
V
žY‹ XU`:"-u%g(+#9-bño¬V# W"%'è(s )W,%D:W"(;:!=68
%/6+. . -D%D !$68|0[(+#‡3,!$# %DW"# #9-/3â!$o¡¢£Ï¤¿Xo…p,-YM *". -D# -D"%/-G6 E #9"-g(+.uJ". -/(+Mw#‡:"-Y.96+'(Ï:!$6+)(+?
ò8ÚÄÃ8ڔù†ú2ÞºÔ]1ÛÒU×üûpÝÅÔLÖ2Û®8pÞ;6
ÅMÅ
w–
#9PQ575B-y:.eP(+"3:,-„#9*"!$,6L3)(;?[:-D5B*T-/. (;:W".9-bJO-D%/6857-/#Ùëíìî•%(„¥'•),'
î•ë턥>% ¥%(„†…>%(„¥'´X`…p"!=#
î ò ò`
î :-D. 5„^Å0C!= X\ 9Bãñ²‰´# -D-V-/æ†X$‰¿}LXº>‹ ‹rXa¨R-/.9-:"-4. 68?=-46 E "A8!S‚8-/#1. !$#9-4:6B:"- s
(+"A+W"?i(+.j3"-D*O-D"3"-D"%/-‡!= ÌV!=#j-/# *T-/%D!i(+?=?=PY .:(+,# *)(+.9-/>gƒV! E ñâ¬,^02-B0268W"?=3x"6+<JT(+J"?=-I:6f3"!=# %/.9!$57!$)(Ï:-1JT-D02-/-DY3"!SêÅ-D. -/>&68.9!$-/>:(;:!=68"#/X
…p"-h5B-y:"6Q3²6 E %')(;.:(+%y:-/.9!$#e:!$%D#`‰ÈF1*"*T-/,3"!S²\QXõZp‹bA8!=‚+-/#„( E 68. 5B(+?I#968?$W, !$68 E 6+.
-/æ†X$‰¿}LX,\ >‹rƒ
^‘ — ™˜
L
q ‰•ÃHG9‹c¬²\ P® ·š h °C-yL* N µI\ ®y· › hœ q ·  ‰Š¶,>Ãr¶^c±ÿ œ ¶+Ãr¶‡=r‹ O
‰¿}LX\+]>‹
…p"-<#9:-/(+3,P>q#e'(; -4.9-/A8!=5B-j!$#R(+*"*,. 6>(+%',-/3U(+#G* KXͅp"-<!$>:-DA8.:(; !$68„!$x‰¿}QXõ\+]8‹C%/(+
E
JT-4*T-/. 6+. 57-/3!=„ "-4?=!$57!= !$"A%/(+# -D#dÿ u(+,3Yÿ (+"3„0C!$?=?ÆJT-a3"!$#9%/W"#9# -/3G!=
:,-a,-yQ&# -/%y:!=68ºX
R6n0 0[-f3"-D. !=‚+-f(+U-/æwW)(Ï:!$6+ E 68.1:,-f(+5B*,?$!= W"3"-¿‹)X<km-# W"J,#9:!S:W, -V:"-?$(+57-/?$?$(+.
*".96+t)?$-7‰Š}LXS~ >‹[!$> 67-Dæ†Xi‰Š}LX=~n}8‹Í(+"3„*O-D. E 68.95ˆ(+„(g‚8-D.:(+A8!="Af6n‚8-/.C:,-a?$(+57-/?$?$(+.l*O-D. !$6Q3
¾
¾
¾
O†O EO y¶ ·Ä
9ònònò c¬
Œ
_%/68#ƉŠ¶>· ònÎp± ^ ‹Åònònò
h ® ·
h ® ·
h
‰Š\ Ƌ Ä ® ·
‰¿}LX\;Çw‹
ž
n ‚p
Ÿ =
@?
0¢ £¥[¤<¡ ¦
0¢ £¥[¡¤ ; ¢0£w[¡H¤ § 3
¨
±I!$#9%g(+.93"!$,A:"-d:. (+"#e‚8-/.9# -<68. !=-/>'(; !$68,#[0C!= O† ¬˜¡¢}L~;^T}+],^†}+£Ï¤¿^,02-a68J,'(;!$
¼
~ ‹
~
Ë ‰»~pµñ¥‹š‹ Ä ± %/6+#n‰ ^ ‹ N ¾ Â
¬ i µë‰ Iµ ò ò ¥‹šd
‹ ±
\
í
F
 © ‘ }
;†ª ‰¿}LX\8}8‹
FG
0C"-D. - ¬ £ ©uÂy^O(;"3 N ;¾ ª Â !$#p "-U«d.968"-/%'M;-/.I3,-/?=:(Ïq#ePQ5JO6+?º0C"!$%'s!$#&"68Lq §/-/.96B6+"?=P
E 68. "-b*)(+. (+‰ ?$?=-/?d‰jÍ OD> ͕¬í ~ ‹468.9!$-Dw:(;:!=68ºXxä†6+?$?$6n0C!="A¡¢}+£;¤Í02-N"6+ !$%/-‡ )(;f-DæQW"(;:!=68
‰¿}QXõ\8}+‹[)(+#&(VA8.:(+3,!$-/> E 68.95‰0C!=: i ¬>‹
~ F ‹
~ F ø
¬ µ
‰¿}LX\+£>‹
FG \ F‹
L!="%/-d:,-a*T6+ -/>:!$(+?Åøˆ%/(+N68"?=Pu3"-/%D. -/(+# -a0C!=:b !$57F ø ¬ F ø F ‹ ¬ µ F ø o ¸ U[ Ã
‰¿}LX\8‹
FG F‹ FG \ m F‹
:,-7#e:-/(+3,PG#9:(;:-76 E :"-f#ePL#e:-D5ì0C!=?$?•JT-f3"-D -/.95B!="-/3GJ>PU:"-f57!$"!=5W"56 E øX2R
ž 6n0
02-W"# -<:"-V(;WLL!$?$!$(+.9Put)-/?=3 i :6‡%D68"#9 . W"%ydøXR:,-#9 -g(+3,Ps#9:(;:- F ‹Q÷ F &
G
¬–,^º(;"3
øˆ!=#p68J,'(;!$"-D3„J>PN!=w -/A8. (;:!="A
~ F ø
¬
‰¿}LX\,>‹
i
\ F ‹
ýR#9!$"A
i
E .9685z-Dæ†Xi‰Š}LXõ\+}8‹y^"02-<6+J,'(+!=
;ª
øv¬âøR·cµ\ ‹ N ¾ Â
í
‰¿}LX\,>‹
:wцÑ
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"Ø{ò8ÚÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×8CàV҆8pޕàQÛßޕץ1×"ÞÅÖ
0C"-D. øR·2¬µ
 © ‘ }ò ¥‹š‹ ¨
ú
Ë ‰»~&µxñ¥‹š‹ Ì ±è\ · h ‹ ¨ ‰ 1µ ò
®
Ç
~
‰¿}LX«]>‹
‡-DæTX$‰¿}QXõ\,8‹_02-1)(g‚+-d(+?$.9-g(+3LPf5B!="!$57!$§D-/30C!= u.9-/# *T-/%yÍ:6a:"-&*")(;# -I#9"! E ^ ^L(+# #9W"5Vq
!$,A„ )(; ‹PQx‰È:,-u6+ "-/.a:-/.95B#<3"-/*T-/,3`68"?SPG68`-D‚+-/*T6n0[-D. #6 E ‹h(;"3`(+.9-u"6;
!$L )W"-/,%/-/3sJ>P‡:"!=#p%'"68!=%/-n‹rX
…p"-c"68Lq¿:.9!=‚Q!i(+?Ï3"-D*O-D"3"-/,%/-l6 E Qµ lò ò B68Æ
‹R%/6+5B-D# E . 685â:"-• -/. 5K*". 68*T68.e:!$6+)(+?
î
:6 c‰ ‹c!=Y‰Š}LX\L~ ‹_(+"37:"-&*O6;:-/> !i(+?"øv(+*,*O-/(+. #c:6<JO-&3"-/*T-/,3"-/>Í6+B:,-& )W,%D:W"(;:!=68
!$> -/A8. (+?͂Q!i(G-/æ†Xi‰Š}LX«] >‹yX R6n0ö02-Y(+.9-„.9-g(+3LP 6m3,!$# %DW"# #7:"-„#9:(+J"?=-„6+. !$-D>'(; !$68"#f!=
3"!SêÅ-D. -/>&. -DA8!$57-/#DX
RŒ ‚¯
çb
 ¬ ­‘ e
®ž
°`±
xÊ}ê
`±"”_‘_xÊ}˕Ÿy”_Ÿ/š4Ê}Ë
É
km-1#9:(+.920C!= ‡"6+ !$%/!="Aj:)(;Í(;2?$6n0ë# "-/(+.[. (;:-D#[:,-1*)(+. (+?$?=-/?)68.9!$-Dw:(;:!=68u!=#l "-16+"?=P
#9:(+J"?=-Í68"-;X•"3"-D-/3º^Q(+#•!S¥0[(+#_# ,6 0C7!$ L-/%y:!$6+7\LXõ}Q^8ø1·_!=#•5B!="!$5B(+? E 68.ãO ¸ ¬ ~p!$4 "?$!=5B!Sp
ÿ ,Xl…p"-4#9W". E (;%/-j:-/.95ö!$„-/æ†X$‰¿}LX\,>‹p(+?=# 6 E (g‚868W".9#& "-a*)(+.:(;?$?$-D?Å68.9!$-Dw:(;:!=68ºX
…pwW"#/^†68W,.C "-/6+.9Pb3"6Q-/#C"6;C5B6Q3"! E Puä). -D3". !=%'MQ#968 W¢#R*,. -/3,!$%D !$68 E 6+.p# 5B(+?$?º#9"-g(;.&. (;:-D#/X
F1#Í02-j3"!$#9%/W"#9# -/3„JT- E 68.9-+^)(;Í!$>:-D. 57-/3"!$(;:-R# "-/(+.C.:(; -/#Í:,-/. -d!=#p(%/.968# #»q6n‚8-D. E . 685
02-g(+M‡ 67#e:.968"A7# "-/(+./Xc :#C*T68# !S:!=68b!$#p-D#9:!=5u(Ï:-/3NJ>Pb-DæTX$‰¿\QXõ}+£8‹
ÿ ðª2oÇdò>~ Ä
‰¿}LX«],~ ‹

PW
PW
³²
ä)68.Cÿ~Pçÿ ðªp:"-d )W"%y:W)(Ï:!$6+„!=>:-/A+.:(+?º!=#pA8!=‚+-/„J>P
Ä
Â Ä Â Ä
‰ Ë ‹¸
ÿ
\ F ]
ñ
c‰ ¥‹_¬
 k~pµ ‰¿\­O ¸ ±],O ¸ ‹•p
¥
Ä
—
u ¸
ÿ
b
Œ  ² Q g´ S
‰¿}LX«]>\8‹
 =
E 6+"-c*"W,:#ÇYu
~8^n:,-2*".9-D‚Q!$6+W"#-/æwW)(; !$68j%/6+!$"%D!$3"-D#0C!S:j-/æ†X$‰¿\LX\+]>‹rX<L!="%/-c-DæTX$‰¿}QX]>\+‹
3"6Q-/#Í,6+Í3"-D*O-D"9 3b68u "-I.9-/"68.95u(;?$!$§D-/3f:-D5B*T-/. (;:W".9-+^Q:"-I!=>:-/A+.:(; !$687!$‡-Dæ†Xi‰Š}LX],>‹l!=#
:.9!=‚Q!i(;?º(+"3„A8!S‚8-/#
©Œ 0
ø ¬ ¡ °<± c‰ ‹»¤‹ ¸ ±
0C"-D. -
;ª
‰¿}LX«]8]>‹
¶¸ µ·· µI\ °4Ë ‰»±©~RcŒµx‰0ñ¥ ‹‹ í N ;K¾ ª Â
‰¿}LX«]+Çw‹
~
Ë ‹ Ì »‰ ~&µñ‹µ\ ‹ N ¾ Â
Ç
í
V M V
°u¬K\ ‰ dž‹ µ dž o
m
s!="!$57!$§/(;:!=68B0C!S:N. -D# *T-/%D&:64‹uA+!=‚8-D#p:6V:"-dt).9#9&68.93"-/.C!$ ø ¬µ
’Œ 
¡ °4± c‰ ¥‹¤ ¸
µ\ Ë ‰e~Cµñ‹
º¹
ò8Ú ÙwڔùlÛÄ6,ÒºÝ 6ü6)Û®8CÞÙ8CàaÖ2Ó¥×bÕÅÓºÔd6)×ùcÛÜÔ Ø"Ô]1KÔcÞù`҆8pÞÒºá8Ý 6)Û®8pÞ
…p"-h68. 3,-/.eq 3"!$#968. 3,-/.‡:. (+"#9!=:!=68 ‰•G¾±I…&‹‡6Q%/%/W,. #b0C"-/âø
%/6+. . -D# *T68"3"!="AV:. (+"# !S:!=68‡:-D5B*T-/. (;:W".9-j!$#
:QÑé:
JT-/%/6+5B-D#s"-DA>(; !=‚8-;X …p"-
M 0 ¬Œ 
° ‰ ‹l¬ µ c‰ ¥‹
‰¿}LX«]>}8‹
Œ
0C"!=%'Y%/68!="%/!=3"-/#&0C!= Y-/æ†X$‰¿}LX\8\8‹rX1…p"-*T-/.9*O-D"3"!=%/W"?$(+.R6+. !$-D>'(; !$68„)(+#1 "-4?=6n0[-D#9 •^
(+"3N:wW"#&(+*,*O-/(+. #C!$5757-/3"!$(;:-D?=P7JO-D?$6n0â:"-¿G¾±I…dX
R6n002-[%/6+"# !=3"-/.?$6n0[-D.Æ -/57*O-D.:(; W". -D#•(+,34?$6Q68M E 6+.Æ .:(+"#9!= !$68"#JT-D02-/-D73,!=êO-/. -D>
68.9!$-/>:(;:!=68"#p!$N:,-<#e:. 6+"A;q#9"-g(;.R?=!$57!=gX¥…p"-4%D68. .9-/# *T68"3,!$"A E . -D-<-D"-/.9A8!$-D#1(+.9-<A+!=‚8-D
J>Pb-/æ†X$‰¿}LX«]+Çw‹
ž
¼»
ø •¬ µ e
’Œm»
D½
’ŒÀ¾
¿¾
g´
©Œ »
f ¸
°4±
° ±
<
µ \ µ1\
Ë ‰e~Cµñ‹
Ë e‰ ~Cµñ‹
‰È°4± º‹ ¸
ø „¬µ
Ë ‰»~Cµñ¥‹
‰¿}LX«]8£>‹
…Æ6u:"-<?$-/(+3"!$,Au68.93"-/.R!$Yÿ '÷;ÿ^T "-4 .:(+"#9!= !$68 E . 685ˆ "-4*T-/.9*O-D"3"!$%DW"?i(;.& 6‡*)(+. (+?$?=-/?
68.9!$-/>:(;:!=68b6L%D%/W".9#&(;p:-D5B*T-/. (;:W".9-/#p0C"!=%'(+.9-d:"-j. 6Q6+ #p6 E "-j-/æwW)(; !$68Nø ¬ëø
‰ µ º‹ Ì
\ ¸ Ë ‰e~Cµ`ñ‹
°ÏÂc¬ µ •µ
°¸ ¬ µ ! E ¸ Ë ‰»~Cµ`ñ‹*P ‰ µ @‹ Ä
¸ Ë ‰e~Cµñ‹
‰ µ ‹ ¸
‰¿}LX«Y] 8‹
:Œm» Œ » ŒÀ¾
» ¿¾
Œm» ŒÀ¾
Œ » ÁŒÀ¾
0C"-D. -
²
g´
Q 7S
Ä
Â
Ä
\ Â Ä F ]  ‰ Ë ‹ ¸
ÿ
¥µ s¬âñ
‰¿}LX«]>‹
}+£ b u —Ä ¸
ÿ
…p"-D. -<° Âp%D68. .9-/#9*O68,3"#R 67 "-xJÆ HI .:(+"#9!= !$68º^L0C"!$?=-j° ¸ ql 6B:,-<.9-D‚8-D. #9-468"-;X R6n0
02-<#9W"5B5B(+.9!$§/-168W".p. -D# W"?S:#C!$„(V*")(;# -a3"!i(+A+.:(+5„X
Œm» ŒÀ¾
çbeŒ
ŸË•œ&˜}Ë˕Ÿ/š4Ê
œ&›g˜}˕ŸD
š Ê
gÃ
š ö”_žY“
ÄUžYxË¥“
UÅ
êUŸD 7‘_’
ž
xÊ}ê
C±
Évš4Ê
Y:,!$#&%')(+*, -/.I02-!$"%D68. *T68. (;:-D3# 6+5B-.9-g(+? q#ePL#e:-D5*,. 68*T-/.e:!$-D#I!$> 6B:,-*". -y‚Q!$68W"#9?=P
3"-y‚8-/?=68*T-/3K "-/68.ePë6 E "-h68. !=-/>'(; !$68"(+?I*")(;# -m .:(+,# != !$68,#bW""3"-D.# ,-g(+.N )6n0jXˆ
*)(+.e:!=%/W"?$(+./^n02-Í%/68,# !$3,-/. -D34:,-[!$L )W"-/,%/-[6 E :"-2# "-/(+.eq %/-D?$?QJO68W,"3)(+.9!$-/#Æ!$a:"-lA8. (+3"!$-D>
3"!=. -/%y:!=68<6+<:,-[68.9!$-/>:(;:!=68<6 E :,-[?i(;5B-D?$?i(;.º*")(+#9-+X-/æwW"!=?$!$J,. !$W,5s^g "-[?$(+5B-D?$?$(+-_(+.9Mw"6n0Cs 6B68.9!$-DwC*"(+.:(+?=?$-D?O0C!= s.9-/#9*O-D%D&:6V:"-aJT68W""3)(;. !$-D#a¡ ~+~ ,^@~n]8£ ¤¿]
X ý&"3"-/.&# ,-g(+.D^
:,-Y:-/,3"-/"%yPç:668.9!$-/>N*)(;.:(+?=?$-/?C:6` "-G# W". E (+%/-D#N%/6857*O-y:-D#N0C!S:é "-G68. !=-/>'(; !$68
E (g‚868W,. -/3JwPN "-a "6 00C,!$%'U(+*,*O-/(+. #R(+#R(B. -D# W"?S16 E :"-a%/6+W"*"?$!="A7JO-y0[-D-/Y:,-a )6n0
‚8-D?$6Q%/!SP1t)-D?$3a(+"3j:"-c68.93"-/.»q*)(;.:(+57-D -/.Å )W,%D:W"(;:!=68"#2¡«};]L^Ï}+£ ¤¿Xƅp"-l!$>:-D. *"?$(nP1JO-y0[-D-/
:,-/# -j026 E (+%y:68.9#C*". 6Q3"W"%D-/#p:"-j"6+Lq . !=‚Q!$(+?Å*""(+# -j3"!$(+A8.:(;5z# ,6 0Cs!$„ä¥!=A"Xõ}QX],X
:wцL
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"Ø{ò8ÚÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×8CàV҆8pޕàQÛßޕץ1×"ÞÅÖ
fluctuations
mean-field
Dcr
τ MF = 0
D1
D2
D
B
ÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆ
A
τf
−τ
ÇÉȇÊÌËHÍ:ÎÏ­ÐÒÑ¥åÔÓEÕ^ÖHͬ×ÌÇ[ÕØȇ˨Õ^Ù¶ÚۇËÔܨÓÌ͝ÝÞÕ^Ùz͈ÝÞÝÞÕ^ËßÌÓÌÕ^ÖHͬÊÌàÌ×Ì͈ËáփܨÍsÕØ×ÒâgÖHÇÉÙzßÌÝÉÍÂÖHÓÌÍÕ^Ëc EÛãäÏ
å Ü:ÝÞÛãrÖHÓÌÍÕ^˝˨ÕØÜHÍÖcܨÓÒÍRßÌÕ^˨Õ^ÝÉÝÞ͈ݟۇË<ÇÞ͈àhܨÕØܨÇÉۇà8ÇÉÖÂßÌËHÍKÚÍËHË<Í×çæ>âèæŸÛØܨÓèܨÓÌÍÖ<ÓÌÍsÕØˬÕØàÌ×
ÖHÊÒË<ÚÕ^éˆÍçÜHÍËHÙ2ÖgÇÞà©Í/æÀÏÞê5ÎëÏ­ì,>í†Ï©îÂÓÌÍË<͈ÚۇË<Í^ïcǕÜgÇÞÖyܨÓÒÍCۇàÒÝÉâbփ܂Õ^æÒÝÞÍ4ۇËHÇÉÍà>܂Õ@ܨÇÞÛ^àÇÞàܨÓEÕ@Ü
ßEÍ/æÀÕ^ÏÞ˃ê5ÜèìëÏ­Û^Î+Ú£>í†ÜHïTÓÌܨ͗ÓÌßÌÍèÓEßDÕ^ÍÖ<Ë<͗ߟ͈×ÌàÌÇ[ÕØ×ÌȇÇÉé˨Õ^ÊÌÙçÝÞÕ^ËUÏñۇðòË<ÇÞ͈ÓÒàhÍܨàòÕØܨÖHÇÉۇÓÌàÁÍÕ^æDËèÍ˨éˆÕ@ۇܨÙ2ÍóÍË<ÖPÍsÕ^Ö<ܨé‚Õ^ÓÌæÌ͈Ö8ÝÉÍ8ܨÇÞÓÌÙ2ÍóÙzôØ͈Õ^×ÌÝÉÊÌÇ[Õ@YÍ Ü¨ÍÿPݕâ—ðW ªèæDȇÍǕÝÞô‡Ûã7͈àõÜHæhÓÌâ Í
G¾±¿î7ܨÍÙ2ßDÍ˨Õ@ܨÊÌË<Í^ÏóðÍèÕ^ÖHÖ<ÛëéˆÇ[ÕØÜHÍöܨÓÒÇÞÖUé‚ÓÌÕ^àÌȇÍèÇÉàbۇËHÇÉÍà>܂Õ@ܨÇÞÛ^àãÇÉÜHÓÁܨÓÒÍèéËHÛ^ÖHÖHÛô^ÍË
ÚËHÛ^ÙoܨÓÌ&Í EÊÌéˆÜHÊEÕØÜHÇÞۇàë÷¥×ÌۇÙ2ÇÞàEÕ@ܨÍ×2æDÍÓEÕsôÇÞۇÊÒËáܨÛRܨÓÌͬÙzÍÕ^àë÷5øEÍÝÉ×öۇàÌÍØÏTùwàÌ×Ì͈Í×mïÌÕØÜáô^Í˃â
ÖHÙzÕ^ÝÉÝÖHÓÒÍsÕ^Ëä˨Õ@ܨÍÖ¿ÜHÓÌÍg/Í æhÊÌÇÉÝÞÇÞæÒËHÇÞÊҙ٠ÌÊÌéˆÜHÊEÕØܨÇÉۇàvÖHßDÍéKܨËHÊÒÙúÇÞÖۇàÒÝÉâóÖ<ÝÞÇÉȇÓ>ܨÝÉâçÙ2Ûë×ÒÇÉøE͈×
æ>âvܨÓÌfÍ EÛãäïãÓÌÇÉÝÞÍ2ÕØܼÓÌÇÞȇÓûÖHÓÒÍsÕ^˼˨ÕØÜHÍÖ¼ÜHÓÌfÍ EÛã`Ö<ܨË<ۇàÌȇݕâvÖHÊÌßÒßÌËH͈ÖHÖHÍˆÖ EÊÌéKܨÊEÕØÜHÇÞۇàÒÖ
Õܨ^ÓÒàÌÍR×CéˆËHۇ͈ËHÖ<Ë<ܨÍÛ^Ö<ËHߟÍۇÖ:àÒܨ×ÌÓÌÇÞÍRàÌÈgÙ2é‚ÍsÓEÕ^ÕØàëàÌ÷5øEȇÍÍRÝÉ×CÛ^ÚæDÛ^ÍËHÓÌÇÞ͈Õà>ô܂ÇÉۇÕØÊÌÜHÇÞËۇÏüàmîÂÏ ÓÌÍË<͈ÚۇË<Í^ïÀܨÓÌ͈ËHÍUÇÉÖ:ÕzéË<ۇÖHÖ<Ûô‡ÍˎߟۇÇÉà>܎ÕØàÌ×
å ÜÓÌÇÉȇÓ|Ö<ÓÌÍsÕ^ˎ˨ÕØÜHÍÖÕ^àÒחÕsãcÕsâ|ÚË<ۇÙýܨÓÌͼÖHßÌÇÉàÌÛ×EÕ^Ý5ïÀܨÓÒÍUÖHÊÒË<ÚÕ^éˆÍyÇÞ,à ÌÊÌÍàÌéˆÍyÖ<ܨÕ^Ë<ÜHÖ
ܨÛ2ßÌÝÞÕâèÕ^à|ÇÉÙzßDۇË<ܨÕ^à>ÜÂËHÛ^ÝÞÍ^ÏáùwàCÜHÓÌͼàÌÕ^ËHË<Û}ãþËH͈ȇÇÞۇàçæD͈ÜwãáÍÍàGÿPWðª¬Õ^àÌ×sÿuÂKïD͈Ö<ÜHÇÞÙzÕØܨ͈×
ÚËHÛ^ÙÿܨÓÒÍRéˆÛ‡àÌ×ÌǕܨÇÉۇàèÇÞà4/Í æÀÏÞê5ÎëÏ YÐ ‡í
Ë ¸
0
ê
Ð
·‚í ė ¸ ñ
ÿuÂc¬Šì b Ä
ÿg´ ² +Î £
µñ ¸ u ¸
ܨ×ÌÓÒÇÉéÍ¿ÊÌÇÞÝÞ,à Õ^ ÌËÂÊÌۇÍËHàÌÇÉÍéˆà>Ϳ܂Û^Õ@ڳܨÇÞÖ<Û^ÓÌàCÍsÕØÕ@Ëc܎ÇÞÕØÖáÝÞÝ Ö<ܨÜHÇÉÍÝÞÝEÙ2ô‡ßŸÍˆÍˆË<˨âöÕØÖ<ÜHܨÊÌË<ËHۇ͈àÌÖÈPÏcîÂÕØàÌÓÌ×8ͼÇÞÖHÖá=Ç §ésÍäÕ^ßÌÛ^ÚÕ^æÌÜHÓÌÝÞͬÇÞ֝Û^ÚË<ÍÖ<ȇܨÇÉÕ^ۇæÌàCÇÉÝÞÇÉ$Ç Ö§ˆÇÞô‡àÌÍÈ˃âçÜHÓÌÖHÍ¿ÙzßDÕ^ÍÝÞËHÝmßD×ÒÍÊÌàÍ ÷
ܨßEÛ4Õ^ËHܨÕ^ÓÒÝÞÍzÝÉÍÝ Ö<ésۇÕ^Ë<ÝÉÇÞÇÞÍàÌà>„È ܨÕØÿuܨÇÉÂ9ۇà|B~ÇÉ֎ž Ö<ܨ Õ^´æÌė Ýɸ Í^ÏöÏðòù¥Ü¿ÓÌܨ+ÕÍxàM^͈ÿÖÛ}ô^P ÍˎÿuÜHÂKÓÌïºÍPÜHßDÓÌÍÍË<ËHÍößDÍÕ^àÒßÒ×ÌߟÇÞéˆÍÊÌÕ^ËHÝ[Õ^ּˬÕçۇàÌË<ÍÍPȇÇÉÕ@ۇ1Ü àv°ã¬ ÓÌÍ° Ë<¿Í2ÕØÜHàÌÓÌ× Í
ÝÞÛۇÖ<ÍֿǕܨֿփ܂Õ^æÌÇÉÝÞǕÜwâçÕ^È>Õ^ÇÉà—ÕØÜI°U¬ ° ȇǕô‡Íà—æ>â|Í/æÀÏ[ê0ÎëÏ ÐY‡íKÏRîÂÓÌÇÉÖËHÍÈ^ÇÞۇàóÈ^ËHÛãÖäÕ^֎ÜHÓÌÍ
ä
¸
º¹
:Qцq
ÖHÓÒÍsÕ^ËyËHÕØܨÍzÇÞàÌéˆËHÍÕ^ÖH͈Öï Õ^àÌ×ÁÇÞàÁÜHÓÌÍöÝÉÇÞÙ2ÇÉaÜ ÿ ¬ ܨÓÌÍzßEÕ^ËHÕ^ÝÞÝÉÍÝ Û‡ËHÇÉÍà>܂Õ@ܨÇÞÛ^àÛééˆÊÌßÌÇÞ͈Ö
ܨܨÓÒÓÒÍ¿Í¿ãÍ/æhÓÌÊÌۇÇÉÝÞÝÞ͎ÇÞæÒ˨ËHÕ^ÇÞÊÒàÌÙoÈ^Í¿ÙzÛ^Ú ÍÕ^ܨ͈àëÙz÷5øEßDÍÍÝÉ×zËHÕØܨܨÓÒÊÌÍË<ۇÍ˃ÖäGâ zê ,¡ Ãgµëõï íKÐ8ÏÔ£Ïî¤5ÏTÓÌðÇÉÖcͬéÛ^ÜHÓÌÇÞàÌÍéˆË<ÇÞ͈×ÌÚۇ͈ÖüË<ÍãÕ^ÇÉËHÜHÈ^Ó8ÊÌܨ͎ÓÌܨÍÓÌßÌÕØË<ÜüÍÜH×ÌÓÌÇÉéˆÍÜHË<ÇÞͿۇàÌÇÞÖáÖáàÌÛ^Û Ú
ÖHÓÌÕ^ËHß ÷5ܨ˨ÕØàÌÖHǕܨÇÞÛ^àÁÕ^ÖUÖHÓÌÛãàÇÞà`äÇÞÈÌÏ­ÎëÏ ÏëÇÞàÒéÍöÜHÓÌÍöË<ÍȇÇÉۇàÁæD͈ÜwãáÍ͈à’ÜHÓÌÍöÖ<ßÌÇÞàÌÛ×EÕ^Ý
Õ^àÌ×yÜHÓÌÍcßEÕØ˨Õ^ÝÉÝÞÍÝhßÌÓÌÕ^ÖHÍÂÖ<ÓÌËHÇÉà hÖTãÇÉܨÓyÕ^àPÇÞàÌéˆËHÍÕ^ÖHÍÂÛ^ÚEÜHÓÌÍcÖ<ÓÌÍsÕ^ËÔËHÕØܨÍØï^ܨÓÒÍËHÍcãÇÉÝÞÝÕ^ݕãcÕsâÖ
æDÍcÖHۇÙ2ÍüôØÕ^ÝÉÊÌÍÍ ÿ ¸ ÖHÊÌé‚ÓPÜHÓEÕØÜTÚۇ¥Ë ÿVP|ÿ ¸ ܨÓÌÍÂÖ<$Ç §ÍüÛ^ÚEܨÓÌÇÉÖTËH͈ȇÇÞÛ^àUãÇÞÝÉÝëæDÍcÖHÙzÕ^ÝÉÝÞÍË Ü¨ÓÌÕ^à
ܨÕ^ÓÒÖ:ÍPÕPËHߟÍÖ<Û^ۇÖHÝÞÇÉÊëÜHÇÞܨۇÇÞÛ^àèàóÛØÚTÛ^Ú Õ^àçܨÓÌÕ^ÍP×Ò
Í ×ÌëÇÉÜHߟÇÞ͈ۇËHàEÇÞÙ2ÕØݟÍܨà>ËHܨÕ^Õ^àÌÝTÖ<ÇÉ×ÌܨÍKÇÉۇôëàmÇÉéÏ ÍØÏUîÂÓÌÇÉÖ¿ô^ÕØÝÞÊÌVÍ ÿ ¸ ésÕØàûæDÍyÙ2ÇÞÖ<ÇÞà>ܨ͈ËHßÌË<͈ܨ͈×
å àõÇÉÙzßDۇË<ܨÕ^à>ÜzÚÍÕØܨÊÒËHÍóÛ^ÚäÛ^ÊÌËzÜHÓÌÍۇ˃âÇÉÖöܨÓÌÕØÜ8ǕÜöÇÉÖèÕ^æÌÝÉÍCܨÛÁËHÍßÒËHÛ×ÌÊÌéÍCܨÓÌÍ ÷
ܨÖHÛ^ËHÕ^àçàÌÓÌÖ<ÇÉÕ^ܨ×èÇÉۇàzܨÛyãÜ‚Ç•Õ ܨ^ÓÌÍäÛ^ÊÒÇÞà>ÜÂܨÕ^Ûg×ÒÕØ×ÌéÇÉéÜHÛ^ÇÞۇÊÌàEà>ÕØÜ:ÝÀÜHÕ^ÓÌÖHÍÖ<ÊÌ×ÌÙzSÇ ê ßë͈ܨËHÇÞÍÛ^àÒàÌéÖÍÏÔÇÞùwà8à8ôÜHÓÌÇÉÖHÍ¿éÛ^ßÌÖHË<ÇÉ͈ÜHôÇÞ͈ÇÞÖcۇÊÒÛ^ÖáںܨܨÓÒÓÌÍÍۇßÌ˃GâÊÒËH¡Í+Î £Ïé¤0Û^"ï ÙzäEßDËH͈ۇ×ÌàÌËH͈ÇÉàhé ‡ÜHÖ÷
ÇÞàûۇË<×ÌÍËRܨÛ|Ë<ÍßÌË<Ûë×ÒÊÌéÍ2ܨÓÌÍ ÷¥ÜH˨Õ^àÌÖ<ÇÉÜHÇÞۇàmÏ8žŽÕ^Ù2Íݕâ‡ïºÓÌÍzßÒÊÒÜ ¡«ª)¤[¬ å ·2± Â9ªãÓÒÇÞé‚Ó
ésÕØà’æDÍ4éۇàÒÖHÇÞ×ÒÍËHׁ͈ÕØÖz՗î ÕsâëÝÉۇËPÍ ëßEÕØàÌÖHÇÉۇà©Û^Ú¬ÜHÓÌÍèôÇÞÖHéˆÛ‡ÖHǕÜwâ ¡«ª)¤5Ï Ö2ÕvË<ÍÖ<ÊÌÝÉÜïáÇÉà
Ö<ÜHËHۇàÒÈØ÷wÖ<ÓÌÍsÕ^ËäÝÉÇÞÙ2ÇÉܝܨÓÌÍgÖ<$Ç §ÍgÛ^Ú ÜHÓÌÍgÖ<܂ÕØæÌÇÞÝÉÇÉÜwâCËHÍÈ^ÇÞۇàóÚۇ˿ÜHÓÌÍgߟ͈ËHßDÍàÌ×ÒÇÞéÊÒÝ[Õ^Ë¿ßÒÓEÕ^ÖHÍgÇÉÖ
Ûܨ^ÓÒÚüÇÞۇֿËHÕØ×ÌßÌ͈ßÌËUËHÛ^ۇÚÕ^é‚ê Óó ·yÓE÷ Õ^ Ö¬Â<í ÇÞ¸ à>ܨÕ^͈àÒËH×ÁàEÕØÈ‡Ý Ë<ßÌÛ}ãË<ۇÖUæÌÝÉÕ^Í<Ö Ù2ÿ ֎ÖH ÇÉàÌéÍRþܨÏzÓÌͼðò×ÌÓÌÍÇÞË<ÝÉÇÉÍ2ôØÕØéÜHÕ^ÇÉô‡ßÒÍÜHÊÌËHÇÉàÌÇÉÈC֎àÌÜHÓÌÛØÍzÜÕzÙzãáÕ^ÇÉÍàûÝÉݕ÷wßÒ×ÒÓh͈âøEÖ<àÌÇÞéÍˆÖˆ× ï
ۇ>æ =<͈éˆÜüÕ^àÌ×2ܨÓÌ͈ËH͈ÚÛ^ËHͬÜHÓÌ͝ãÓÌۇÝÞÍÂÜHÓÌÍۇ˃â2×ÌÍßDÍàÌ×ÒÖüۇàöÕRßÌÓÒÍàÌۇ Ù2ÍàÒۇÝÞۇÈ^ÇÞésÕØÝÌßEÕ^ËHÕ^ÙzÍKܨ͈Ë
ãÜ¨ÓÒÓÌÍ ÇÉé‚ Ó÷¥Ü¨ÇÞËHÖUÕ^×ÒàÌÇÉÖ<J2ÇÉܨéÇÉۇÊÌàmÝ•Ü¼Ï ÜHG¿Û—ÊÌÍ˿փܨܨÇÞÓÌÙz͈ۇÕØË<ÜHâóÍ^}Ï ÇÞ֎çÚË<ۇÍËHÍP͈Û}Úô^ËHۇÍˈ٠2ï äEܨÓÒË<ÍÍ×ÌÖHÍ2Ë<ÇÞé ßÌhË<ÖHۇۇæÌ7à ÝÞ͈W ÖyÙzÜHֈÓÌÏUÍۇù¥Ü˃ï³âÁÓÌ×ÒÛÛëãü͈ÍKÖyô‡ÍàÌˈÛ^ï ÜUßÒßÌËHÍËH͈×Ò×ÌÇÞéˆÇÞéKÜHÖÜ
ܨÓÒÍ HEKJ ܨËHÕ^àÌÖHǕܨÇÉۇà’ÕØÜzô^Í˃âÝÉÛ}ã ܨÍÙ2ßDÍ˨Õ@ܨÊÌË<ÍÖöÇÉà’ÜHÓÌÍ|փܨË<ۇàÌÈØ÷¥ÖHÓÌÍÕ^ËöÝÉÇÞÙ2ÇÉÜUãÓÒÇÞé‚Ó
ãüܨÓÒÕ^ÇÞ֎֝àÌܨ˨ÛØÕØ܎àÌۇÖHǕæÒܨÖHÇÞÛ^Í˃àCô‡ÍˆÛ×mééˆÏŽÊÌîÂËH֎ÓÌ͈ÕØËHܬͼô^éÍۇ˃ÊÌâ|ÝÉ×|ÝÉÛ}ãþæDÍUܨÖ<Í͈Ù2ô‡ÍˆßD˨ÍÕ^Ë¨Ý Õ@Ü¨Í ÊÌëË<ßÌÍÝÞÖPÕ^àEê°ÕØÜHícÇÞۇãàÌ֝ÓÌ͈Û^ËHÚÍUܨÜHÓÌÓÌÇÉ֬ͼßÌãáË<ÍsÍÕ×̇ÇÉéˆ÷¥ÖHÜHÍÇÞۇÈ^àmËHÍCÏ È‡ä ÕØܨÇÞËHÇÉۇփÜsà ï
ܨÍÓÒëÍßEۇÕØ˃àÌâ—ÖHÇÉ×ÌۇÛàmÍÏIÖää àÌÇÞÛ^àEÜÕ^ÝÉãáÝÉâ^ۇïÌË Ü¨ÀÓÌ›Ï ÇÉÖ¬ëܨÍËHéˆÕ^ۇàÌàÌÖ<×mÇÉܨï ÇÉۇܨàçÓÒÇÞÖ¿ésÕ^ܨà—ËHÕ^æDàÌÍUÖ<ÇÉܨË<ÍÇÉۇÙ2à—Û}Ù2ô^ÍÇÞחȇ¸ Ó>ǕÜÚTãüæDÍ2ÍUÊÌÕ^àûÖHÍVÕ^äEË<ÜHË<ÇÉÍÚ×ÌÕ^Ë<éKÇÞÜéhÛ^ÖHÚ Û‡Ü¨à7ÓÌW ÖÍ ÕØ8ËHȇê Êëí÷
Ù2Íà>ÜyÕØæŸÛ‡ÊëܼÜHÓÌÍzôÇÞÖ<éۇÖ<ÇÉÜwâû×Ì͈ߟ͈àÌ×ÌÍàÒéÍ8ۇàܨÓÌÍ2ۇËH×ÒÍËUßÌÕ^˨Õ^Ù2͈ÜHÍˈÏèù¥ÜUփ܂Õ^æÌÇÉÝÞ=Ç §ÍÖÜHÓÌÍ
ßEÕ^ËHÕ^ù¥ÜÂÝÞÝÉÍÇÞÖáݟߟۇËHÛ^ÇÉÖHÍÖHà>ÇÉ܂æÌÕØÝÞÍ:ÜHÇÞۇܨÓEà4Õ@Õ@ÜüܝܨÓÒÝÞÛÍãñÕ^æÌÜHÍÖ<Ù2ۇÝÞߟÊÒÜH͈ͬ˨ÕØôØÜHÕ^ÊÌÝÉËHÊÌ͈͎ÖÏ Û^Ú³ÜHÓÌÍ¿Ö<ÊÌË<ÚÕ^éˆÍÇÞà>ܨ͈˨Õ^éKܨÇÉۇàöÇÉÖüÖHÙzÕ^ÝÉÝ5•Ï ¨:Ûãc÷
͈¡ ô^YÐ ÍïˈïmÖHÐÇÉàÌ;é¤DÍyêÖHǕ͈Ü2Í Õ^ä éKÇÞܨÈÌ֎ϭÎëÕ^¢ÏÖÇüÕ Úۇñ(Ë ˆ@Õ^“Pà䛓 ÍàÒ%(é'
ìۇˆíÊÌïËHXÕ^ì»È‡%ŸÇÉ)àÌíÈÂîð„Í RÒÕ^ÚÕ^Ù2éˆßÌÜHۇÝÞÍsËíKïŸÏºÇÉÜHîÂ֎ÓÌÇÞÇÞLà Ö³ EփÊÌ܂ÕØÍàÒÜHÍéÙ2ÍyÍÇÉÖ¬à>Ü ô‡és͈ÕØË<â|à¼æDÇÞÙ2ÍTߟô‡Û‡ÍˆËH˃ÇÉ܂øÌÕ^Íà>× Ü
Í ëßDÍË<ÇÞÙ2Íà>܂Õ^ÝÉÝÉâ^ÏäðÍyÓEÕsô^Í2Ö<ÓÌÛãàûÜHÓEÕØÜ¿ÜHÓÌÍPßDۇÖHǕܨÇÞÛ^àÌ֎Û^Ú ÜHÓÌÍyܨËHÕ^àÌÖHǕܨÇÉۇàóÝÞÇÉàÌÍ֎ÇÞà|ÜHÓÌÍ
Ö<Õ^ÜHéKËHܨۇÇÞÛ^àÒà ÈØ÷wÖ<ÓÌB7ÍsÕ^ê˝VdÝɞóÇÞÙ2íƒÇÉWÜüY[Z Õ^ËHÍäª ×Ì͈ÏTߟîÂ͈ÓÌàÌÍ×ÌË<Í͈à>ÚܬۇË<ۇÍ^à4ïܨܨÓÌÓÌÍ:ÍäßÌÖ<ÓEÜHËHÕ^͈Ö<àÌ͎È^×ÌܨÓçÇÞÕ^ȇÛ^ËHÚ Õ^ܨÙoÓÌÍäÛ^ÖHÚmÊÒÕ¼Ë<ÚßEÕ^Õ^éˆËƒÍKܨ÷wÇÉéˆéۇÊÌßDÝÞۇÕ^ÝÉËÔâéÙ2ۇßDÍËÂۇݕÇÞâëà>Ù2ÜHÍÍ˃Ë÷
Ö<âփܨÍÙ ×ÌÍßDÍàÒ×ÌÖPۇàb Mܨ\ ÓÒÍ8? ÙöÕ@ܨÍË<Ç[Õ^ÝÔÛØÚÂܨÓÌÍ8Ö<ÓÌÍsÕØ˃÷wéˆÍÝÉÝ ãüÕ^ÝÞÝÉÖÏ å Ö<âÖ<ÜHÍÙzÕØܨÇÉé8Ö<ÜHÊÌ×ÒâÛ^Ú
ܨÓÒÇÞÖÂùwàû×Ì͈ÜHߟÓÌ͈ÇÞàÌÖ×Ìé‚ÍÓÌàÒÕ^éßÒͼܨ͈ãËÇÉÝÞãüݟÍgßÌËHÓEÛÕsôô‡ÇÞ×ÌÍ2ÍRéÛ^Õ^àÌË<ȇÖHÊÌÇÉ×ÌÙ2ÍË<ÍÍà>×vܨÖÂܨÚÓÌۇÍgËÂÇÞÛ^Là ˝ EÕ^ÊÌÈ>ÍÕ^àÒÇÉéàÌÍgÖ<ܝÛ^Ú Û‡ÊÒãcËcÕ^ܨÝÉÝÞÓÌֿ͈ÇÉۇà—Ë<â^Ü¨Ï ÓÌÍPȇËHÕ^×ÌÇÉÍà>Üä×ÌǕ÷
ËH×Ì͈ÇÉéˆËHÍÜHÇÞéKۇܨàmÇÉۇϿàÌðÖgê Íg EÛÕ^ãoÝÉÖHÛöÕ^ãüàÒ×vÕ^à>ô^ÜۇܨË<ÜHÛèÇÞéˆéˆÇÉۇÜwâÒÙzíKÙ2aÏ ÍäEà>ۇ܎ËHÙzۇàóÕ^ÝÉÝÉܨâ‡ÓÌïÀÍPܨÓÒË<ۇÍÝÞÖHͼÍPÛ^ãüÚ Õ^æDÝÞÝÉۇ֬ÊÌãàÌ×EÇÉÝÞÕØÝ ËHÕ^ÇÞ͈ÝÞÖ<Ö¿ÛèÇÞàóÇÞàÌÜH×ÌÓÌÊÒÍyéÍgÛ^ÜHÕ^ÓÌÝÉÇÞÍȇˎàÌÖHÙ2ÓÌÍÍÕ^à>ËÜ
ßEÕ^ËHÕ^ÝÞÝÉÍݳܨÛzܨÓÌ͈ÙzÖ<ÍÝÉô^ÍֈÏ4¨:Û}ãá͈ô^Íˈï ÜHÓÌÍ4 EÛã ßÌËHÛØøEÝÞͼàÌÍsÕ^ˬܨÓÌۇÖ<ÍUãüÕ^ÝÞÝÉ֎ÇÞ֎àÌÛ8ÝÞÛ^àÌȇÍˎÕ
ÖܨHÇÉÇÉÙzۇàEßÒÕ^ÝÞÝëÍcܨܨÍË<àÒÇ[Õ^×ÌàÒÍàÌȇÊÌéKâ‡Ý[ÕØÏ2ËTCۇàÌۇË<ͬÍÕ^ÛàÌô‡Íˆ×2ËãüïܨÍ:ÓÌÍ Í:ë×ÌßDÇÞÍփéˆÜ‚ÜáÕ^àÒܨéÓÌÍ:ÇÉÖáæŸ×ÒÍKÇÞÜwÖHãüÛ^͈ËH×ÌÍàö͈ËHÜHÍÓÌ7× Û‡ EÖHÍ:Ûã®ÖHÊÒܨË<ÛRÚÕ^×ÌéˆÍˆÍÖ<ÖüܨÇÉË<Ö Ûâ2àÌۇÜHËHÓÌÙzÍÇÉÕ^Ë ÝÉÝÉۇâ¼ËHÇÉÙyÍà>ÊÌ܂é‚Õ@Ó ÷
Ý[ÕØËHȇ͈ËTܨÓEÕ^àzæŸÍKÜwãü͈Íà8ÜHÓÌÍ:ãüÕ^ÝÉÝÞÖ ÇÞàgܨÓÌÍ:ȇËHÕ^×ÌÇÞ͈à>Üá×ÒÇÞËH͈éˆÜHÇÞۇàzÕ^àÌ×2ܨÓÌ͈ÇÞË ÇÞ,à ÌÊÌÍàÌéˆÍŽÇÉÖ ÜHÓhÊÌÖ
ãáÍsÕ äØÍÇÞàÌËÕ^Ï ÝÞîÂݕâ‡ÓÌï ͈ãáËH͈Í8ÚÛ^ãüËHÍäÕ^à>ãüÜ2ÍRÜHàÌۗÍ×ÌÈ^ÇÞÝÞÖ<ÍééKÊÌܨ͈Ö<×çÖPæÌÜHÓÌËHÇÉÍDÍ Ù ÌâÁÇÉà4ߟۇÛ^ÊÌÖHÖHËcÇÉæÌãáÝÞÍzÛ‡Ë ÙzÀÏ Û×ÌǕøEésÕØÜHÇÞۇàÒÖUÕ^àÒג
Í Ü¨ÍàÒÖHÇÞÛ^àÌÖPÛ^Ú
ò8Ú ÙwڔùlÛÄ6,ÒºÝ 6ü6)Û®8CÞÙ8CàaÖ2Ó¥×bÕÅÓºÔd6)×ùcÛÜÔ Ø"Ô]1KÔcÞù`҆8pÞÒºá8Ý 6)Û®8pÞ
:wÑ¥‘
Õ>í
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"Ø{ò8ÚÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×8CàV҆8pޕàQÛßޕץ1×"ÞÅÖ
¸ ·
¸ ·!
æÀí
é í
¸ ·
äÇÉȇÊÌËHÍüÎëÏ¢ÇÌÑd!:͈ßÌËHÛ×ÌÊÌéˆÍ×yãÇ•Ü¨ÓyßDÍË<ÙzÇÉÖHÖHÇÉۇàäÚËHۇ٠¦ Õ^ÊÌË<ÍË %('•- ),+Q¡ Ð,Ϥ0ï#" )>‡(ì»ë@“›ëí+ %j‡$>+ %jñ
:>ÅMņŠïöÐ>ìëïuÇ@÷XÎ,‡ÐÒÏ üۇß>âËHÇÞÈ^ÓhÜ å Ù2ÍËHÇÉésÕ^à%üÓÌÍÙ2ÇÞéÕ^ÝÛëéˆÇÞ͈Üwâ^Ï î ËHÕ^àÌÖX÷
Ù2Ù2ÇÞۇÖHߟÖ<ÇÞÛ^ۇÝÉàÁâÖ<ÜwÍâÝÞ͈ËHéˆÍˆÜHàÌËHÍ^ۇÏ&à©üÙ2Û^ÇÞÙzéË<ßEۇÕØȇ˨ËHÕ^Õ^æÌßÌÝÉÓÌÍgÖ¼ËHÛ^ÍÖ<Ú¬ÊÌÜHÝÉÓÌÜHÖ¼ÍèãáæÌÍÝÉÍË<àÌÍzשÚۇÛ^ÊÌÚ:àÒßD×ÁۇÇÞÝÉàûâ êܨփÓÌÜwâÍ2ËHÍàÌàÒÍÍKÕØ÷ Üyƒ÷¥×ÌÇÞÖ<ÇÉæÌۇßÌÝÞÛËHé͈óàÌÍéˆí¼Û‡ßŸãÛ^ǕܨÝÉâÓÙzÓÌ͈Û@Ë÷ Ï
ùwàvÕ^ÝÉݺÙ2ÇÞéˆËHۇÈ^˨Õ^ßÌÓÒÖ¬ßÌË<ÍÖ<Íà>ܨ͈×vÜHÓÌÍyÓÌÛ^ËH$Ç §ˆÛ‡à>܂Õ^Ý Õ ëÇÞÖ¬éۇË<ËH͈ÖHßDۇàÌ×ÌÖ¿ÜHÛöܨÓÌͼȇ˨ÕØ×ÌÇÞ͈àh܎×ÌǕ÷
ËH͈éˆÜHÇÞۇàmïhãÓÌÇÉÝÞͬÜHÓÌͬô^Í˃ܨÇÞéÕ^Ým'Õ ÒÇÉÖüéˆÛ‡ËHË<ÍÖHßDۇàÌ×ÒÖüܨÛUÜHÓÌͬÚË<ÍÍgê ô‡Û‡ËƒÜ¨ÇÉéÇÉÜwâÒí ×ÌÇÞË<ÍéˆÜHÇÞۇàzÛ^ÚmÜHÓÌÍ
EÛãäÏóՇíRùwÖHÛØܨËHÛ^ßÌÇÞézæÌÝÞ͈àÌ×bÇÞàûܨÓÌÍöæÌÊÌ(Ý —ãÇ•Ü¨ÓÌۇÊëÜUÖ<ÓÌÍsÕ^ˈϗž¬ÊÒÙz͈ËHۇÊÌÖ¼Ý[Õ^Ù2ÍÝÉÝ[Õ^ËÈ^˨Õ^ÇÉàÌÖï
ÿL£PàÌÙýÕØéËHÛ^ÖHÖïDÍëÇÉÖ<Ü:ÇÞàç×ÌÇ=êŸÍË<Íà>Ü:ۇËHÇÉÍà>܂Õ@ܨÇÞÛ^àÌÖÏ æÀícîÂÓÌÍUÖHÕ^Ù2ÍRàÒÍsÕ^ËÂܨÓÒͼÖ<ÊÌË<ÚÕ^éˆÍ
Û^ Ú Ü¨ÓÌÍäÖHßDÍéˆÇÞÙ2ÍàmÏ å ãü͈ÝÞÝ ÷w×ÌÍKøEàÌÍ×çßEÕ^ËHÕ^ÝÞÝÉÍÝmÛ^ËHÇÞ͈à>܂ÕØÜHÇÞۇàèÇÉ֝ÚÛ^ÊÌàÌ×4ܨÛ2Í Ü¨ÍˆàÌ×|éÕÒÏcì Ù
ÕsãcÕsâvÚËHÛ^٠ܨÓÌÍ2ÖHÊÒË<ÚÕ^éˆÍ^ÏèîÂÓÌÍzÖHÊÌ˃ÚÕ^éÍ2ÇÞÖRۇæÌÖ<ÍË<ô^Í×bÛ^àܨÓÒÍzË<ÇÞȇÓ>ÜRÖHÇÉ×ÌÍzÛØÚüܨÓÒÍzÙ2ÇÞéˆËHÛØ÷
ܨȇÕsÓÒãcËHÕ^Í ÕsßÌâèÖ<ÓmÊÌÚÏcË<Ë<ÚۇésÕØÙÿíéÍ^îÂ¥Ï ÜHÓÒÓ̦ ÍUÍäÕ^ÙzßDÖHÊÌÍ͈˃ËHÝÞÚßDÝÞÕ^Õ^ÍéÍTàÒÍöÕ^×ÌË<êÇÞÇ0éˆÍ Ï ÊÌÍØÕ^Ý[ÏÉÝÞÕ^ïÌÇÉȇ˝ÇÉàèàÌۇÍË<ܨ×ÇÞÓÌ͈ÍäßÌàhÕ^ܨæÌÕØ˨ÊÌÕ^ܨÝ)ÇÉÝÉëۇÝÞ͈íKà4ÝØÏ Ü¨Û^ÛÂÚÜHÜHÓÌÓÌÍáÍRÖ<æÌÊÌÝÞË<͈ÚàÌÕØ×|éÍ ÊÌæÌàÒÊÒ×ÌܺÍæDˬÍÖHéÓÌÛ^ÍÙzÕ^Ë¬Í Û^ßDæÒÍËH܂ßDÕ^ÇÉÍàÌàÒÍ×Ì×CÇÞéˆàÌÊÌÍsÝ[ÕØÕ^ËË
º¹
:Qц¡
ܨÓÒÍUܨÓÌ͈ۇË<âç×ÌÍKô‡ÍˆÝÞۇßDÍ×mÏ å ô‡ÍˆË<âóÇÉà>ܨÍË<ÍփܨÇÞàÒÈößÌË<ۇæÌÝÞ͈٠ÇÞÖ¬ÜHÛ8ésÕØÝÞéÊÒÝ[ÕØÜHÍRÜHÓÌÍPÕ^ݕܨÍËHÕØܨÇÉۇàÌÖ
Û^æ>ڝâ4ܨËHÓÒ͈ÍèÖ<ܨÛ^×ÌËHÍÇÞàÌàÒÖ<È2ÇÉÜwÜHâÓÌͼßÒËHßDÛ^ۇøEÖ<ÝÉÇÉÍèܨÇÉÇÞۇà©à4Õó×ÌÍéˆßDۇÍàÒàÒøE×ÌàÌÍ͈àÌ׉éˆÍUփâÇÉàçÖ<ܨ͈ÜHÓÌÙ ÍUÊÌÕØÙzàÌ×ÌßÌ͈ÝÉËgÇÉÜHÊÌÖHÓÌ×ÌÍÍ9Õ^‹8ËÏÕ^àÒîÂ×|ÓÌÇÞ×ÌÖP͈ËHéÇÉÕ^ôà‰ÇÉàÌæDÈPÍ4ܨÓÌÕ^ÍRé‚ÓÌéÇÉۇ͈Ë<ô^ËHÍÍ†× ÷
ÖHßDۇàÌ×ÒÇÞàÌÈÕØÙzßÌÝÉÇÉÜHÊÌ×ÌÍ Í/æhÊEÕØÜHÇÞۇàRÚËHۇ٠ÍDæDÏÞê5ÎÏ Î^íKÏùwàyÜHÓÌÍcÕØæÌÖH͈àÌéÍÂÛ^ÚÀÖ<ÓÌÍsÕØË Ü¨ÓÒÇÞÖßÒËHۇæÌÝÉÍÙ
ãüÕ^ÖäÖHۇݕô‡Í×ûÇÞàè¡ ;¤êÖHÍˆÍ å ßÌßDÍàÌ×Ì*Ç ÎëÏ å Õ^ àÌ× å ßÌßDÍàÒ×Ì+Ç Î,Ï Âí†Ï å àÌÛØܨÓÌ͈ËRßDۇÖ<ÖHÇÞæÒÇÞÝÞǕÜwâ
ÇÞÖgܨÛûÊÌÖ<Í|ۇå ÊÌËgÚۇË<ÙöÕ^ÝÉÇÞÖ<Ù ÚۇË2Û^ܨÓÒÍË2Í Ü¨ÍˆËHàEÕ^ݝøE͈ÝÞ×ÌÖ2˨ÕØÜHÓÌÍË2ܨÓEÕØàÇÞà>ÜHÍ˨ÕØéˆÜ¨ÇÉۇàÌÖPãÇÉÜHÓ
ܨÖHÖ<ܨÊÒÓÒÕ^Ë<ÍöË<ÚÕ^ÜHۇÇÞéˆË<àÌÍ×ÌȼÖÍÏ Ë¼ßŸÛ^ßEÇÞÕ^à>ȇ˨ÜüÕØÛÚÙzÛëۇ×vË ÍKÜ¨Ü¨Í ÍÓÌÒËuͬÕ^¡ÜÙ2éÇÌۇï ßÌË<ËHÝÉÍz͈ÇYÖH;ÇÉßDÖ¼¤0ÏèۇÕØàÌðòàÁ×ÌÇÉÍÇÉàÌܨÝÉÈUÓÍéKܨܨÖHÓÒËHۇÍÇÉÙ2éPۇ˃ÍöøEâ‡ÍÏ Ù2ÝÉ×îÂÛÓÌ×ÌãÍ¿ÇÉøEÓÌÇÉéÇÉÙzé‚ÕØÓÁܨßDÇÉۇۇÇÞÖRË<àÌܨÖéÕ^Û^àÌÍDÊÌæDéˆßÌͬÏÞê5ÝÞ͈Û^Î×ûÚÏ Ö<ÎÜHÊÌÛCïeé‚ÎëÓ4ÏÜH ÓÌ£>Õ¼ÍzíÜH9Ö ÓÌésæhÕØÍÊEۇàbÕ^˃âzËHæŸÍzÍöÚÛ^Û^Õ Ë Ú
Õ¿Ö<âփܨÍÙ ÇÞày͈ÝÞÍéKܨË<ÇÞéüøE͈ÝÞ×gÕ^àÒ×PÖHÇÞÙUÊÌÝÉܨÕ^àÌÍÛ^ÊÌÖHݕâ¼ÊÒàÌ×ÌÍËÖHÓÌÍÕ^ËTãcÕØÖÔߟۇÇÉà>ܨÍ×PÛ^ÊÒÜÔÇÞbà ¡ Ç;¤5Ï
ò8Ú ÙwڔùlÛÄ6,ÒºÝ 6ü6)Û®8CÞÙ8CàaÖ2Ó¥×bÕÅÓºÔd6)×ùcÛÜÔ Ø"Ô]1KÔcÞù`҆8pÞÒºá8Ý 6)Û®8pÞ
:wц¯
b˜UŸg›gŸ32U‘cŸg˜U’ ’ “IÊC±54G“d›ê ”•žY“Iš7‘Ô šgÃ
˕˜U‘Ô8à œC“¬T
± ŸXÊ}êU˜Uœ&“¾ê ÄUžYxË¥“Ë“ÄY‘_<”•Ÿ/š4Ê
ùwà©Û‡ËH×ÒÍËUÜHۗ×ÌÍÙ2ۇàÌփܨ˨Õ@ܨÍ8ÓÌ͈ËHÍ8ÜHÓÌÍèÇÞ,à ÌÊÌÍàÌéˆÍèÛ^Ú:æŸÛ^ÊÌàÌ×EÕ^Ë<ÇÞ͈Öyۇà€%67$>îð+0î8Xì(î9$“ ßÌÓEÕ^Ö<Í
ÖH͈ßEÕ^ËHÕØܨÇÉۇàmïÒãáͼßÒËHÍÖ<Íà>Ü:ܨÓÌÍäÙzÕ^ÇÞàèË<ÍÖHÊÒÝÉܨ֝Û^¥Ú äEËH͈×ÌËHÇÉé Ö<ۇxà ¡ Ϥ0Ï
¦³ÍˆÜ ÊÌÖÔéˆÛ‡àÌÖHÇÉ×ÌÍË Õ×ÌÇÉÖHۇË<×ÌÍË<Í×gßÌÓEÕØÖHÍÂÛ^Ú Õ¿×ÌÇÞæÒÝÞÛé ¼éˆÛ‡ßŸÛ^ÝÉâÙz͈ËÙ2ÍݕÜÔàÌÍsÕØË Õ¿ÖHÊÌ˃ÚÕ^éÍØÏ
ù¥ÚTÜHÓÌÍUÖ<ÊÌË<ÚÕ^éˆÍUßÌË<͈Ú͈ËH֎Û^àÌÍUéˆÛ‡ÙzßDۇàÌ͈à>܎Û^ÚܨÓÌͼÙz͈ÝÉÜsïÌÜHÓÌÍàCܨÓÌͼÝÞÛãc÷w͈àÌÍË<È^âçÖ<܂Õ@ܨÍRéۇËX÷
ËH͈ÖHßDۇàÌ×ÌÖ:ܨÛ2ܨÓÌͼÖHÊÌ˃ÚÕ^éͼéÛô‡ÍˆËHÍ×óãÇ•Ü¨ÓçܨÓÌÇÉÖ¬éˆÛ‡ÙzßDۇàÌ͈à>ÜsÏ ëÇÉàÌé;Í : ÕØàÌ=× <æÌÝÞÛé hÖ¿Õ^Ë<Í
é‚æ>ÓÌâó͈ÙzÕ2ÇÉÝ[ésÕsÕ^â‡ÝÉ͈ÝÉË¿â—ËHéˆÇÉé‚Û‡Ó|àÌàÌÇÉà|͈éˆÜ¨Ü¨ÍˆÓÌ×mͼïÔÛ^ܨܨÓÌÓÒÍzÍˎÖHÊÌÛ^˃àÌÚÍ^Õ^ϬéÍöîÂÝ[ÓÌÕsÇÞâ‡ÖŽÍˆÕ^ËUÝÉÜHËHÍÇÉé‚˨ÓbÕ@ܨÇÞÇÞàÁÛ^àçۇãàÌÍöÇÉÝÞݳéˆßDۇÙ2ÍàÌߟÍKۇܨ˨àÒÕ@Íܨà>ÍyÜUÇÉãàhÜHÇÉÛzÝÞÝ ÜHæŸÓÌÍ2ÍyÚæÌۇÊÌÝÞÝÉ)Ý Û4ãüÊÌ͈ß×
ܨܨÛûÓÌÕ^ÖHàèÛ^ÙzܨÓÌÍèÍäÜwæÌâÊÌßÌ)Ý ÇÞ$éÕ^G¾Ý±¿×ÌîñÇÉÖ<܂ÜHÕØÍàÌÙ2éÍØߟρ͈˨îÂÕØÜHÓhÊÌÊÌËHÖzÍØïÒãáܨÓÒÍçÍRÖHÍßÒÍçËHÍܨÖ<ÓEÍàÌÕ@ÜzéˆÍ¼ÍKÛØô‡ÚT͈à®Õ^à4ÇÉÚ:ÇÉàhܨÜHÓÌÍÍèËHÕ^ÜHéˆÍÜHÙ2ÇÞàÌߟÈP͈˨ãüÕØÕ^ÜHÝÞÊÌÝmËHË<ÍçÍÖ<ÇÞÊÌÖPÝÉÜHÓÌÖ:ÇÉȇÇÉÓÌà4ÍˆÕ Ë
ÖHÊÒË<ÚÕ^éˆÍK÷wÇÉàÌ×ÌÊÌéˆÍ×çßÌÓEÕ^Ö<ÍRÜH˨Õ^àÒÖHÇÉÜHÇÞۇà8ÚË<ۇÙÿÜHÓÌÍä×ÌÇÞÖ<ۇËH×ÒÍËH͈×çÜHÛgÝ[Õ^Ù2ÍÝÉÝ[Õ^Ë ßÌÓEÕ^Ö<Í^Ï
ùwà—Û‡ËH×ÒÍˬÜHÛöփܨÊÌ×ÒâçܨÓÒÇÞ֎ßÒÓÌÍàÌÛ^Ùz͈àÌۇà|ãáÍyéÛ^àÌÖHÇÉ×ÌÍË:ܨÓÌVÍ ¨¬Õ^Ù2ÇÞÝÉÜHۇàÌÇÞÕ^àûê5ÎëÏ ícãÇÉÜHÓ
Ë Âf¬ Ë ¸ ¬RÒÏ"ÇÞàÌéˆÍ8ãüÍ4Õ^Ë<ÍèÇÞà>ܨ͈ËH͈Ö<ܨ͈׉ÇÉà ± ßÌË<ۇæÌÝÞ͈٠ۇàÒÝÉâ‡ïÔǕÜPÇÞÖUéۇà>ô‡ÍˆàÌÇÞ͈à>Ü2ÜHÛ
ÇÞà>ÜHËHÛ×ÌÊÌé͎ÕyàÌ͈ãrۇË<×ÌÍËüßEÕ^˨ÕØÙzÍKܨÍ?Ë >¿ðê ŒŸí ãÓÌÇÉé‚ÓèÇÞÖcÕØàèÕsô‡ÍËHÕ^ȇͿôØÕ^ÝÉÊÌ͎Û^Ú ª ´ê ÎØí Ûô^ÍËüÜHÓÌÍ
Û^Ù2ÜHÍsÓÌÕ^ÍÖ<Ë¿ÊÌ×ÒËH͈ÇÞËHÖ:͈ÜHéˆÓÌÜHÇÞÍäۇàÌ×ÌֈÇÞփjÏ Ü‚Õ^¨¬àÌ͈éˆËHÍÍyܨܨÛgÓÒÍ Ü¨Ó̌ÌÍä÷XÕ ÖHëÊÒÇÉË<Ö¿ÚÕ^ÇÞéˆÖ¬Í^×ÌÍÏ ÇÞäEË<ÍۇéˆËÜHÍÕgחÖHÇÉßDàÌÍȇË<ÝÉߟͿ͈ãcàÌ×ÌÕ^ÝÉÇÞÝméˆÊÌÝÞÛÝ[ÕØésˎÕ@ܨܨÍÛö×çÜHÕØÓÌCÜ ÍPŒ„ÖHÊÒ¬Ë<ÚÕ^géˆÜHÍPÓÌÕ^ÍäàÌàÌÙ× Íˆã Œ
¨ŽÕØÙzÇÉÝÉܨÛ^àÌÇ[Õ^àzËHÍÕ^×ÌÖ
©¡@>l¤ ž
> ¸ V >l¸¥± L Ä > Ä ± Ë > Ì
¬ ·_ h Œ k u h o µ A
q ® ì m h Œ ì Ê Ð,¼ Ç"¼
s
‹,Â> ¸ ê >¥í µ©uÂB>Ž
ê >í
±
Œ ¨ d tê ŒuµZŒ ¨ í >Žtê Œ ¨ í >Žtê ŒŸ«í pd±
êå Ï í
_
ì ®· h
ì
ãÓÌ͈ËHÍ q ÇÞÖUÕ^àÕ^Ë<ÍsÕ|Û^ÚÂÜHÓÌÍ8Ö<ÊÌË<ÚÕ^éˆÍ^ϗîÂÓÌÍöۇËH×Ì͈ËUßEÕØ˨Õ^Ù2͈ÜHÍËUßÒËHÛ^øEÝÉÍzÜHÓEÕØÜyÛ^ßÒܨÇÉÙz=Ç §ÍÖ
ܨÓÒÇÞCÖ ¨ŽÕØÙzÇÉÝÉܨÛ^àÌÇ[Õ^àzÇÞÖcÚۇÊÒàÌ×Cæ>â8ôØÕ^Ë<Ç[ÕØÜHÇÞۇàöÛ^_Ú ©
©¡@>c¤
í
>í Žtê ŒŸí ¬€DC
µlu> ¨ ¨ µ E
V Ê >G±¶L Qì ļ >2¸¥± LÐ Ë ¼ > Ä ±”s ® · _ h Œ ¨Kd tê ŒuµZŒ ¨ Bí >¿ðê Œ ¨ _í ¬€ ê å Ïeì^í
ÖHÊÒ>æ =<ÍéKܨÍ×CܨÛPܨÓÌÍäæDۇÊÌàÌ×ÌÕ^Ë<âèéˆÛ‡àÌ×ÌǕܨÇÉۇà
‹,Â>`µu> ¨ ¬K©u Ã
Œb¬
ê å ϭЇí
-
ėÄx“¾Ê}êUŸ.
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"Ø{ò8ÚÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×8CàV҆8pޕàQÛßޕץ1×"ÞÅÖ
ç0/
-
1
FHGIKJ?LNM5OPLRQSUTVPIXWUY[Z
ù¥Ú V"Ê U V Ê M ïëܨÓÌÍäۇË<×ÌÍ˝ßEÕ^ËHÕ^Ù2͈ܨ͈ËÂÇÞÖÂÖ<ÙöÕ^ÝÉÝmÕ^àÒ×çãáͼéÕ^àçÝÞÇÞàÒÍsÕ^Ë<Ç$§Í¬Í/æÀÏÞê å Ï­ì‡í
u>?\^]¥± E
V Ê > ¨ ¨ ±”s_>¬€
ê å Ï«Ç>í
ÔcÕÅÕO×"ÞùcÛ `&ò8ÚÜÔlÚ46)Ý¥ØÅà:ÔÆÒº×aeÛßÞùcÝÆÒº×ùÕÅÓºÔd6)× 6)×"ÕnÔcØ"Ô,ÖlÛ®8pÞ
:QÑ7³
dτ=0.0
1
dτ=0.5
dτ=0.9
0.5
ψ/ψs
dτ=0.999
0
−0.5
b0
−1
b
10
−1/2
2
ck
b
20
b
30
x
ÇÞȇÊÒËHÍRÎëÏ­ÎëÑ]G¿ËH×Ì͈˃÷¥ßEÕ^˨ÕØÙzÍKܨÍËÂßÒËHÛ^øEÝÉÍÇÞàçÕPÖH͈ÙzÇ ÷wÇÞàëøEàÌÇÉÜH͎Ö<ßEÕ^éÍ
ãÓÌ͈ËHÍgãüÍPܨÛÛçܨÓÌÍgÖH͈éۇàÒ××Ì͈ËHǕô^Õ@ܨÇÉô^ÍgÕ^å àÌ×ûÊÌÖH͈×Áxx d êðŒ„µ Œ¥¨•íI¬öµ í êðŒµ™Œ¥¨•í†ÏPîÂÓÌÍ
æDۇÊÌàÌ×EÕØË<âèéˆÛ‡àÌ×ÌǕܨÇÞÛ^àÌ֝Õ^ËHÍÈ^ÇÉô‡ÍˆàCæ>âèDÍ æÀÏ[ê Ï Ð>íÂÜHۇȇÍKܨÓÌ͈ËcãÇÉܨÓ
>Žtê ŒŸŽí > ¨ tê ŒŸŽí Œ{ ê å ÏeÎ^í
Œ_>¿ðê ŒŸ_
í ¬€
ê å Ï £‡í
®·_ h
îÂÓÌÍäÝ[ÕØÖ<ܝ/Í æhÊEÕ@ܨÇÞÛ^à|Õ^Ö<ÖHÊÌË<Íå ֝ܨÓÌå ÍäéˆÛ‡àÌå ÖH͈Ë<ôØÕØÜHÇÞۇà4Û^ںܨÓÌÍäۇË<×ÌÍ˝ßEÕØ˨Õ^Ù2͈ÜHÍËÏ
îÂÓÌÍRÖHۇÝÉÊÒܨÇÉۇàèÛ^Ú /Í æhÖÏÞê «Ï ÇÌï Ï­Îëï «Ï £>íÂÇÞÖÂÍsÕØÖHÇÞݕâöÚۇÊÒàÌ×
>¿ðê ŒŸcí ¬H> M fehg m éˆÛ‡jÖ ilkµ i Á Ö<ÇÞXà ilk o
ê å @Ï ^í
ŒO¶8·
V
V
¬ ½ µ Ê Ã iç¬ ½ ± Ê Ã k ¬
ê å yÏ ‡í
VÊ M
VÊ M
Á
F ì
> M ¬ ‹"Â@±KF ©‡8ì  ¶8· u
ù¥Ü¨ÖáæŸÍˆÓEÕsôÇÞۇÊÌËáÇÞÖ ßÌÝÞÛØÜHܨ͈×8ÇÞuà äÇÞÈÒÏeÎëϭοÚÛ‡Ë ôØÕ^Ë<ÇÞۇÊÒÖ ôØÕ^ÝÉÊÌÁ ÍÖáÛ^ºÚ °‡¬ V Ê ÷ V Ê M Ï å ÖáÜHÓÌÇÞÖ ßEÕ^ËHÕ^Ùg÷
͈ÜHÍË:Õ^ßÌßÒËHÛ>Õ^é‚ÓÒÍÖ:ÊÌàÌÇÉÜwâ^ïÌܨÓÌÍä×Ì͈àÌÖHǕÜwâèßÌË<Û^øEÝÞÍæDÍéˆÛ‡Ù2Í֝ÙzÛ^ËHÍäÕ^àÌ×çÙ2ۇËHÍ×ÌÍKô‡ÍˆÝÞۇßDÍ×mÏ
0
ä
m LAZIAn MOPLoQpSUTqVPIXWUY[Z
wô‡ù à4͈Ë<ܨâ|ÓÌÇÉéÖ:ۇÙ2éÕ^ßÌÖHÍäÝÞÇÉésãáÕØÍUÜHÍÕ^×çË<Í܂Õ^ÚÖqÕ^CéÇÉÍKàÌô‡È2ÍàvÕ2ßÌÇÉà Ë<ۇæ̱oÝÉÍÙ Õ^àÒÛ^×—Ú ÇÞÖHàÌÛ^փÝÉܨôÍsÇÞÕØàÌ×óÈPۇÜHÓÌàÌÍRÍUÚÜHÊÒËHÇÉÝÞÍÝmÖ¬ÍDæÜHÛ8ÊÌÕØÖHܨÇÉÇÉÙzۇàbßÒÝÞÇÉê Úå âöÏ­ì‡Ü¨ÓÌíKÏ ÍyîÂßÒÓÌËHۇÇÉÖ¬æÌÝÉÇÉÍ֝٠Õ
:wÑTÐ
ÒºÓºÔcÕ,Öl×"Ø{ò8ÚÛßޕàQá8Ý¥×"ÞÆÒ@×8CàV҆8pޕàQÛßޕץ1×"ÞÅÖ
HÖ Û^Ùz͈ÓÌÛãäÏoîÂÓÌÇÞÖöésÕ^àræŸÍ|×ÌۇàÌÍvæ>â®ÊÌÖ<ÇÞàÌÈÜHÓÌ͗ÙzÍKܨÓÌÛ×ÌÖè×ÌÍKô‡ÍˆÝÞۇßDÍ×òÇÞà®ÜHÓÌÍvßEÕØÜ<ܨÍË<à
ÚۇË<ÙöüÕØÍÜHÝÉÛÇÞۇã®àzܨøEÓÌÍ͝ÝÉ×xÖ<ßÌ¡ ÇÞ àÌÇYÛÏ×E¤5Ï Õ^ÝÌÜHÓÌÍ:Ý[Õ^Ù2ÍÝÉÝ[Õ^Ë ßÌÓEÕ^Ö<Í:ãÇ•Ü¨ÓzÕäÜwâßÌÇÉésÕ^ÝEßDÍË<ÇÞÛׇ¶  Õ^ßÌßDÍsÕØËHÖ ÚËHۇÙ
·
ÕyÖ<âÙ2ÙzÍKܨË<ÇÞé¿Ù2ÍݕÜsÏîÂÓÒÍRÇÉ×ÌÍsÕyÇÉÖüܨÓÌÕØÆÜ ) ñ(+ ërtsí),ì(îz),'zî•ëí„PÖHÊÒߟ͈ËHÇÞÙ2ßDۇÖH͈×çÛ^àhÜHÛyܨÓÌÍæÒÊÌ(Ý Ý[ÕØÙz͈ÝÞÝ[ÕØËáßÌË<Û^øEÝÉÍÇÞ֝ÇÞà>ܨË<Ûë×ÒÊÌé͈×C×ÌÊÒÍäÜHÛ2ÜHÓÌÍäßÌËH͈ÖH͈àÌéͼÛ^Ú ÜHÓÌÍRÖHÊÌ˃ÚÕ^éÍØÏáùwàçÛ^ܨÓÒÍËÂãüÛ^ËH×Ìֈï
ܨÓÒÍRÛ^ËH×Ì͈Ë:ßÌÕ^˨Õ^Ù2͈ÜHÍËÂéÕ^àCæDÍßEÕ^ËHÕ^Ù2͈ܨ͈ËH=Ç §Í×çÕ^Ö
>¿ðê ŒŸcí ¬vuöðê ŒŸí< \ ü £ w5xÏý ±yu ´ tê ŒŸíƒ \ ü £ w5x ý
ê å yÏ ‡í
ãÓÌ͈ËHzÍ uztê ŒŸí ÇÞÖTÕ:ÖHÝÉÛ}ãÝ•âäô^ÕØË<âÇÞàÌȎÕ^Ù2ßÌÝÞǕܨÊÌ×ÌÍØï@Õ^àÌ× ^ ÇÉÖÕØàPÕ^ËHæÒÇÉܨËHÕ^Ë<âäßÒÓE Õ^ ÖHÍØÏTîÂÓÌÍüãáۇË<×ÌÖ
ö<Ö<ÝÞÛãÝÉâCô^ÕØË<âÇÞàÌ,È ÷çÙ2ÍsÕØàûÜHÓEÕØÜRÇÉÜäÇÉÖäÕ^ÝÞÙ2ۇÖ<ÜäéˆÛ‡àÌփ܂Õ^à>ܼۇàûÜHÓÌÍgÖHéÕ^ÝÞB
Í ¶ · Õ^àÌ×é‚ÓEÕ^àÌȇ͈Ö
Â
ۇàçܨÓÌÍRÖHéÕ^ÝÞÍRÛ^Ú Á ¬|{ ÇYuV÷Òê V Ê µ V Ê M íKÏcùwà>ÜHËHÛ×ÌÊÌéÇÉàÌÈzÜHÓÌÍUË<ÍÝÞÕØܨǕô‡Íä×ÌÇÞփ܂Õ^àÒéͼÚË<ۇ٠ÜHÓÌÍ
ÖH¡ ßÒ,Î ÇÞàÌϤ0ÛïÌ×EãáÕ^ͼÝ?}7ۇæë¬ Ü‚Õ^ÇÉê à8VxÊ Ü¨µ ÓÌÍV Ê ÚM ۇí9ÝÉ÷ ÝÞVÛÊ ãï ÇÞÕ^àÌàÌÈy×Õ^ÙzÖ<ÍßÒßEÝÞÕ^ÇÉËHÜHÕØÊÌܨ×ÌÇÉÍ¿àÌÈ|DÍ æhÜHÊEÓÌÕØÍ8ܨÇÉÖHۇÝÉàÛãÝÉâvôØÕ^Ë<âÇÞàÒÈó×ÌÍÈ^ËHÍÍöÛ^ÚÂÚËH͈Í×ÌۇÙ
u ¨ ¨ ê03‡Æí ±uöê3>í ð µ~u ¸ ê03>í ó ¬€ à <3 ¬˜Œ Á
ê å Ï ‡í
ãÇÉÜHÓäéۇË<ËHÍÖ<ߟÛ^àÌ×ÌÇÞàÒÈ:æDۇÊÌàÒ×EÕ^Ë<âŽéۇàÒ×ÌÇÉÜHÇÞۇàÌÖ ×ÌÍË<ÇÉô‡Íˆ×RÚË<ۇÙþDÍ æÀÏ[ê å Ï Ð>íKÏ îÂÓÌÍàäܨÓÌÍÔÝÞÕ^Ù2ÍÝÞÝÞÕ^Ë
ßÌË<Û^øEÝÞÍÇÉÖÂȇÇÉô^Íàçæ>â
ß ðiµ¾F ì^3 ó éÛ^Öº¿ê ¶8·ŸŒf± ^ í
µ Í ëN
>¿ê3>lí ¬ ½ V ÊË M } ê å Ï í
± Í ëß ð µ F ìØ3 ó
ãÓÌ͈ËHÍ ¬ ±yµuu M pï u M ÇÞÖcÕyÖ<ÊÌË<ÚÕØé͎ôØÕ^ÝÉÊÌ͎Û^Ú³ÜHÓÌÍÕ^Ù2ßÌÝÉÇÉܨÊÒ×ÌÍ^Ï îÂÓÌÍÊÌà hàÌÛãà4ßEÕ^ËHÕ^Ùg÷
͈ÜHÍË<Ö:ÇÉà4Í/æÀÏ[ê å Ï íÂM Õ^Ë<ÍRÊÒàÌÇ$æhÊÌ͈ÝÉâ8ÚۇÊÒàÌ×èÚËHۇ٠ÜHÓÌÍäæŸÛ^ÊÌàÌ×EÕ^˃âèéÛ^àÌ×ÌÇÉÜHÇÞۇàÒÖÏ
—Ä ā€¾Ê}êUŸ. ç0/¨° ‚%ƒ„[…7†‡}Ë Åˆ€P†‰ €‹ŠŒ„[…7€vË
¬ÍˆËHÍØïÌÕ^ÖüÕUÙöÕ@ÜHܨ͈ËáÛØÚ ÍëÍË<éÇÞÖ<Í^ïÒãáͿȇǕô‡Í¬ÖHۇÝÉÊÒܨÇÉۇàÌÖ Ü¨ÛU͏ŽÀÏ[ê å ϑhíáÇÞà2ôØÕ^ËHÇÉۇÊÌÖ È‡ÍۇÙ2͈ÜHËHÇÉÍÖÏ
å
ÚùwÊÌà8àÌÕØéKÝÞܨÝEÇÉۇ7Í ŽhàÌÊEÖÂÕ@Û^Ü¨Ú ÇÞÛ^ܨàÌÓÌÖ ÍãáøE͎Ë<Ö<ÊÒܬÖHÕ^XÍ à̒y×4Õ^ÖHàÒ͈×éۇiàÒ™× ÚË<hۇÇÞÙoàÌ× 7Í ïEŽÀËHÏÞÍê Ö<ߟ,Ï Íˆ“>éˆ
í ÜH”pÇɕô‡–U͈ÝÉâ^ÕØàÌÏ ˜× —ˆ–RÕ^ËH͝ܨÓÌͬÙzÛ×ÌǕøEÍ×ü͈ÖHÖH͈Ý
Í ŸÇÉÈÌÏ­Îë,Ï ëÏ
šœ› ÝÉÇÉÜÂÛØÚÖ<$Ç §žÍ ÂÏ › ͈
ŽÏ,ŽÏÉÑ¢¡¤£ >Ž¥¦ê ¥Ÿí §y¨p© >~ª¬« © ­ ¥0ª  ì
£
>Ž¦ê ¥Ÿ[í ª içÖ<ÇÞàÌÓz’¯ì ®^> °M ’ÔÖ<ÇÞà±iz®³² éÛ‡Ö izì ® ÖHÇÉàÌÓ ’¯ì‹® ´ 8ê i ­ ’hí § ÖHÇÞà izì ® éۇÖ<Ó ’ì_® ´ ê °X’ ­ ihí µ
´ ê ² ­ ¶ ·í ª « ² éˆÛ‡jÖ i éˆÛ‡ÖHXÓ ’ §¶ ÖHÇÉ_à éˆÛ‡i jÖ izÖH®ÇÉàÌ°zÓ é’ Û^ ÖHzÓ ’¯®
> M ª
© »½’¯iz¾ ­ ¾Rª ’ÔÖ<ÇÞ±à iz®!°~i4ÖHÇÉàÌzÓ ’¯®
ì
¼
¡
¨p©¸§º¹
ª »½¥ì ®¸ª »¯½  ì
-
¹
¹
¿[ÀÀ!Á [ù à `&òÄ*ÅEÄ;Æ ¿ÈÇ Ã‘ÉXÊËz¹ Á É±Ì ÁÍÈÇ Ã Á Ë
ÎÏ^Ð
Öτ=0.0
1
Öτ=0.6
Öτ=0.9
0.5
ψ/ψs
Õ
Öτ=0.999
0
−0.5
Ñ
−1
−10
Ò0
Ôx k
−5
2
−1/2
Ó5
Ò
10
ÞÇ È‡ÊÌË<ÍäÎëÏ× ÒÑÈØ¿ËH×Ì͈˃÷¥ßEÕ^˨ÕØÙzÍKܨÍËÂßÒËHÛ^øEÝÉÍÇÞàçÕPÖHÝÉÇÉÜsÏ·®¸ªŠìÙ
áâÝÞÇÉàÌ×ÌË<ÇÞésÕØÝ ßDۇËHÍäÛ^Ú Ë¨Õ^×ÒÇÞÊÌ֝]yÏ › ͈͟ ÇÞÈÌÏ­ÎëÏ,ÚëÏ
ŽÛÏ ŽÏ•¢
Ñ ¡¤£ >¿ê‡í §y¨p© >ª¬« © ­ U ªþ]
£ ½}ꐻÒí• ê]Ü» ´ íÝ°» ´ •7½@ꐻ ´ íB• ê]Ü»Ìí
#
»
7
•
>Žê^팪H> M »#•½}ê0Ü] »Òí • © êÜ] » ´ Ýí °» ´ •7½@ê0Ü] » ´ í • © ê0Ü] »Ìí
©
© í • ê0Ü] »Ìí
´
«
•
0
ê
]
Ü
»
> M ª
© ’iz¾ ­ ¾Rª ß » ´ •½@ê0Ü] » ´ Bí • © êÜ] »ÌÝí ° © ß »#•½}ê0]Ü»Òí• ê]Ü» ´ í
¯

Þ
¡
©
©
¨p©³§
»
½
»ª ì 9ê ’ § ß ií
0
š
Ÿ
¹
š Ø¿ÊÒÜHÍ˝ËH͈ȇÇÞۇàèÛØÚTÕgéˆâÝÞÇÉàÌ×Ì͈ËÂÛ^ÚËHÕ^×ÌÇÉÊÌÖXàRÏ
Ž Ï,Ž Ï•Ñ °~¡ £ Ž> ê^í §y¨p© >ªH« © ­ žªñ]
´ » ´ —½}ꐻ ´ í— © ê]Ü»Ìí
£
>Žê^팪¬> M »p»#——á}½ @½ ê0ê]ܐ̻̻ í헗 © êê]Ü]Ü»» ´ íÝíÝ°
°» ´ —}½ ê0]Ü» ´ íq— © ê]Ü»Ìí
©
« ©
— © ê0]Ü» ´ í— © ê]Ü»Ìí
> M ª
â
¾
ª
»#—á}½ ê]ÜÌ» íq— © ê0]Ü» ´ í·°~» ´ —á}½ ê]Ü» ´ íq— © ê0]Ü»Ìí
¨©³§  ß ¡Þ’iz¾ ­
»ª »½ ì ê9’ § ß i í
¹
ÎjÎfÏ
ã³ä ¿[ÀpÍÈÁÇ0å Ä~à ·æç Ê Á ã Á É æ ã^É Â·æ à ·Á Ì ÁÂÍ
íτ=0.0
3
2
íτ=0.6
1
íτ=0.999
ψ/ψs
íτ=0.9
0
−1
−2
è0
é2
ê4
ë6
2
−1/2
ì8
è
10
k0 r
ŸKî(ïðñqòÜó#ô,Ú#õ?ØPñöòñ÷øùñ ùúòûò7ñüøpñýþ5ÿ)ò¦ýñXùÿ(îöñî3ùÿ3ù
î)ûôvª Ù
τ=0.0
1
τ=0.6
τ=0.9
0.5
ψ/ψs
τ=0.99
0
−0.5
−1
20
35
40
ŸÝî(ïðñòÜóô,“põqøò7ñqòõÈýðpûò7ñXñòïî(ýô © ª Ù
25
−1/2
2
30
k0 r
¿[ÀÀ!Á à ! å Ä*ÅEÄ;Æ ¿ÈÇ Ã‘ÉXÊË#" Á É±Ì ÁÍÈÇ Ã Á Ë
š ØPðpûò7ñXñòïî(ý ý$·ù%øpò7ñòžý&Kñ ùöpî(ð';ô › òòŸKî(ïô,ó#ôד
(‹ô*)‹ô+õ °~¡ £,+.-0/&1 §¨© + v
ª « © ­ / ª3
£2/
© ’U°KJ qîLMG I

ý
H
G
I
°
°
ª
©
,
:
=
;
?
<
@
>
B
:
D
A
F
C
E
-04
-04 ° © 1 µ
+.-0451 +76 498
²
© 1 G - ©A§ ’ 1
« ©
Ü»½
» ½
/
ª
ª
ª
V
+ 6
4
© ¹ ’
D
A
W
C
=
;
,
:
X
¹
©
T
U
¨p©³§ONQPSR ADC § § ADC0Y5;[Z
Î^ÎjÎ
ÎjÎ]\
ã³ä ¿[ÀpÍÈÁÇ0å Ä~à ·æç Ê Á ã Á É æ ã^É Â·æ à ·Á Ì ÁÂÍ
^
_ `ba c9de
g
eih[dkjlcm`ncoh[pqj r
a _ `brxd
f
y j z de
pts co_ d
u7`wv
plr|{}huu7`nc9pte|~
dkuu7`be
r9_ d`be
 pk€
=ò?öò‚òÿ(ýøùzû=ò7ýñƒUû ý±öò=7ñqîL„^òÈû=òÈýñî)ò…¯ûùûî(ýUø5ò…ýúáòýîžû=ò[ÿ ùúò7ÿ)ÿ ùñ!ø5ù&qò
ý&ùM„ÿ)ýB‡†.7ýø^ýÿúò7ñEúò7ÿ)ûEð5öò7ñAñò7î)øñý]3ùûîLï'ƒò3ùñ‰ˆ5ý‹ŠÜô[=òŒ=ý‹ŠûùûŽî(úî(ÿ(ùñ!ûý
ûpòû ò3ùö5ƒò3ùñ…‘jûòÞý=î(ÿ(ÿ(ùû î5ý‹Šoù&pîLýû ñýøîL7ùÿ(ÿ“”qðøøñqò…=qò…ˆ5ðû ð5ùû î(ý&‹ù$ö
ïî“ò…Þñîòáûý™ûpòm•–˜— ûñ ù&5î)ûî(ýôš™›pò˜ò‚œ#ø^ò7ñî)úáò¯ûùÿ)ÿ ý„qò7ñSò7öIî)ï#÷¦ñò7Žfðò
ñò‚òñ=ò¼ûñ ù&qî)ûî(ý îL‹ò@œ#øÿ ùîò7ö™îL™ûò7ñúž‹ý$[îL¯û òñ ù&û î(ý&Ÿ„!òûŠlòò… ûòúáòÿ)û‹ù&ö™û=ò
=pò3ùñB÷7òÿ(ÿ Šlùÿ(ÿ7ô
¡£¢‹¤
¥§¦š¨¤ƒ;‰ …
©«ª¬ ‡¤ƒžŠŒ…7†ž¨®­t¯†„ †ž­ ©_……°
°…±ÞŠ7²ž³¦ ­ ´Ÿª.±µ³
™›òM„!ò5ù
î(ýðñŒý$ûpò±ÿ(ùúò7ÿ(ÿ(ùñAø5ù&qò - ù¶û ñqî(ø^ò7öˆø5ùûqû ò7ñƒ 1 ý& „pÿ(ý]‡†’7ýø!ýÿ“úáòñŒúáòÿ)û
ðöpò7ñý=î(ÿ(ÿ(ùû ýñƒ9=ò7ùñžˆý·Šw5ù&ùûûñ ù&û òöœùûqû ò…¯ûî(ý~ý&.ðpúáòñýðò‚œ#ø^ò7ñqî(úò…¯ûùÿ
qûðöî)ò…’¸×óB‘¹ óB‘¹ “5‘HÚ,‘]‘‰º ô › ò3ùñ'ˆ5ý‹ŠâîM†,ý‹Š'&û ýîL5ˆ5ðpò…òÞûpòžýñöòñ÷öpîLýñöòñ
û ñù&qî)û î)ý - ؼ»½™ 1 û ò7úø^ò7ñ ùû ðñqòXù&ö¼ûòzýñî(ò¯ûùûî(ý;ý$^û=òzÿ ùúáòÿ(ÿ ùòŒŠXî+û¼ñòø^ò…ûÈûý
ûpò.=pò3ùñ?ïò7ýúòûñƒô ™›fð…‘îáû=òMî7îLpî)ûˆý&AØ»½™ºùûlÿ)ý·Š¾¦ñò7Žfðò7î)ò…lû=ò‹ÿ(ùúò7ÿ(ÿ(ùò
ýñqî(ò…¯û›ŠXî+û0ûòî(ñ›ýñqúùÿ³ø5ùñùÿ(ÿ)ò7ÿ!ûý¼ûò¶=ò7ùñXïñ ùöî(òfû - ûòÜø5ùñ ùÿ)ÿ(ò7ÿýñî)ò…¯ûùûî(ý 1 ‘
Š'î)ÿ(òUùû'pî(ïòñ¿¦ñòŽðpò…î(ò…Xûpò7î(ñ›pýñúáùÿîzø!òñø^ò…öpîL7ðpÿ ùñlûý¼ûòòÿ(ý]7î+û ù&ö û=ò
ïñùöî(ò¯ûŒöî(ñqò…û î(ý& - û=òüø^ò7ñqø!òöîLðÿ ùñ·ýñî)ò…¯ûùû î(ý& 1 ôKŸ5ðñqû=ò7ñ·î7ñqò3ù&qòzý&D¦ñòŽðpò…‚
ñòðÿ+û·î;ñò7ùøø^ò3ùñù&òzý&jûòüøùñ ùÿ)ÿ(òÿýñî(ò¯ûùûî(ý£¸À‹º ô Á;û=îL7‡5ùøpûò7ñ Š?òzøñýø^ýqò
ù&~ò‚œ#øÿ(ù&5ùûî(ý9¦ýñûpîL;ýñqî(òfû ùû î)ýK„^ò…5ù
î(ýðñµŠ'îL‡~î;ððùÿ(ÿ“ñqò¦ò7ñqñòöûý ù&ˆù
öýð5„ÿ(ò
÷ˆ5î)ø øò…pýúáòý³ô
Ã[ùñÿ)î(ò7ñ;û=ò7ýñî(ò…‘ŒŠ'îL‡yöò3ùÿ›ŠXî+ûiqû ò7ùö5i=pò3ùñ‘lò7úø5ù$îLďò&û=ò&ñýÿ)ò ý&½ýúˆ÷
ø^ýî+û î(ý&5ùÿ‰ˆ5ðûð5ùûî(ýž¸‘óB$‘Eó&Å5‘Eó ƺ ôµ™›ò%qû ù&„ÿ(òýñî)ò…¯ûùûî(ý™îLòò…=ù&Üù ñòðÿ+ûUý&
îL¯ûò7ñ ù$û î)ý£„!òûŠlòò…™û=ò¼=ò7ùñ'ˆ5ý‹Šâù&ö&ûòˆ5ð5û ðùû î)ýÇqø!òûñðú&ôÁ&ò7Žfðî)ÿ(î„ñî)ðú
ˆ5ðû ð5ùû î(ý& öò…û ñqý·ºû=ò ÿ(ýpï÷ñù&ïòÇ7ýñqñò7ÿ(ùû î)ý ù$öHû=ò7ñqò¦ýñqò ÿ(ý‹Šlòñ˜ûò=Ø»½™
û òúáø^ò7ñùû ðpñò½ŠXî)û=0ñò…qø!òûXû ýˆî+ûüúò3ù&÷hþ5òÿ(öÈùÿ(ðpòôÁúø!ýqî)ûî(ý˜ý$[ƒò3ùñM„pñò3ù$†]zû=ò
ñýûùûî(ý5ùÿ ƒúúáòû ñƒù&öDù$îLqýû ñqýøîL7ùÿ(ÿ“qðøøñqò…ƒò…ˆ5ðûð5ùûî(ýôș›òöî(ñqò…û î(ý&
ý&³û=òMqû ñqýïòqûÉðøøpñò…ƒî)ý”ŠXî(ÿ)ÿQ5ù
ò±ûòÊî(ïpò…qûüØ»½™tû òúáø^ò7ñùû ðpñò_ù&öáû=òM7ýñB÷
ÎjÎ2Ë
ã³ä ¿[ÀpÍÈÁÇÍÌ ÄÉÈËpã³Ã çç3¿pÍ É ÇBÎ Ë5ä Á¿[Ç
ñòø^ýöîïPýñqî(òfû ùû î)ýžý&jÿ ùúò7ÿ)ÿ ùò[ŠXî(ÿ(ÿ,„^òÉqò7ÿ(òûò7ö³ô7=òɊXî)ÿ(ÿ2=pý·ŠûùûKû=ò¿qò7ÿ(òûò7ö
ýñqî(ò…¯û ùû î)ý=öpò7ø^ò…ö¼ý&ûòùúøÿ(î+û ðöòáù&ö9¦ñò…Ïfðòý&zûpò#ˆ5ý‹ŠÜô=ò”„5ù$ò˜ýðpñ
ù&5ùÿ]îzý ûòžŸ5ý†,†òñ÷ÑЌÿ(ù&‡† ò…Ïfð5ùû î(ý&£¦ýñüûòÜøñqý„5ù&„î)ÿ(î+ûöòî+û£Ò#¸ÔÓQº
V
Õ Ò ¸ÀÓ Ö º^ª}×
«o¸ÀÓDº °oÝ'Þ#7ý5Þ Ö »&ß Õ ÓDÚ µ,Ҕ¸ÀÓ Ö º pô
ÕÖ ­
Õ»>
- 1
ÓHÚ ²ÜÛ Ó : Ú § Ó : Ú Z
­
Ø
Ø
PÙØ
à_òñò¼ÓDÚÞîlù¶ˆ5ðûð5ùØ ûîL﵃3ùØÿ(ùñ[þ5ò7ÿ)ö˜öØ ò…ƒ7ñqîL„^ò7ö̈́2áû=ò(lñù&Ä7ý‹]=†fî)î à‹ùúáî)ÿ)û ý&î ù&š¸ “$º
«o¸ÀÓDº^ª × ¸ J § - »;°»½ 1 U ºáÓDÚÓ : Ú
- pô* 1
× × × ×
P
-Wè ©
­ è U ­ è é ­ èê‚1 ÓDÚ C ÓDÚ ä ÓDÚ å ÓHÚ æ
§ âã C
P P=ä PSå PSæç
J îLÜù˜ûò7úø!òñ ùûðñò
÷7ý&fûñýÿ)ÿ(îïø5ùñ ùúòûò7ñ…‘A» ½ : © îÜù& îL¯û ñqîLqîL;ÿ)ò…ïû#÷Â=3ùÿ(ò;ý&[û=ò
„ÿ)ýB‡†÷ýø^ýÿúò7ñˆúáòÿ)ûùñîîï|¦ñqýú ûò îL¯û òñøÿ(ù
yý$UîL¯û òñ ù&û î)ý˜ù$ötûpò‡5ùî
7ý&ò…û î“#î+û‘ Û îÈù&˜Ø½ùïòñý#ò‚ë#î(òfûŒŠ'î‡îLÈùøpøñý
œ#î(úáùû òö#„2 Û ª Û - »¯½ 1 ù$ö
ù&ƒðúò7ö~û ý|„!òͦñqò…Ïfðò…5îLöpò7ø^ò…öò¯û®¸ì· ⠑ â ó]‘Èóó·º ôI™›ò0ÿ ù$qû¼û òñú î~ò…Ïjô pô“
öò=7ñqîL„^ò…_ù7ýðøpÿ(îLpï„!òûŠlòò…™û=ò¼=ò7ùñMˆý·Ší ªÝÞ#ý5Þ Ö 4Éî ßÞù&ö0ûòÜïñùö- î(ò¯û1
ý&·û=ò;ýñqöò7ñ_ø5ùñùúáòû òñ7ôÊà_ò7ñqòŠ?ò¼ù&ƒðúòûùû‹û=îL'¦ýñú ý&7ˆ5ý‹Š îMùÿ)î(ö£¦ýñPùÿ(ÿ Þ
ù&öšÝô
™›ò¼Ÿ5ý†,†òñ÷Ð[ÿ(ù&‡†&ò…Ïfð5ùûî(ý - pô“ 1 ïò…òñ ùûò…‹û=ò;ò…Ïfð5ùû î(ý&ʦýñ±ûò;ùúáøpÿ(î)ûðöò
ý&?ûòù
òñ ùïòáýñöpò7ñ÷hø5ùñùúáòû òñUøñýþÿ(òÇïÂÓHÚ&ðܪ ¨ - ÚÆñ § ÚÆñ : 1 ýñqî(ò…¯ûò7ö=ùÿ(ýpï
ûpòžð5î)û›ò…ûýñÊó
P Rò
P Rò
Ø
Ø
Õ ¨ ªo° ó
X
°
pô?Å 1
é
Õ
Ö
5
/
1
1
‹
¨
§
¶
¨
ç
Û
ù&ö£¦ýñüû=ò¼qû ñqðûðñò8ù&û ýñÊô -0è¹1 ªnïÂÓHÚ$Ó : Úð·°õïÂÓDÚð…ïÂÓ : Ú$ð
Õ ô -0è‰1 ° ÝÞ 7ý&5Þ Ö »&ß Õ ô -0è¹1 ô ô
Õ » > § -0è‰1 -Wè‰1 ½: © ªO
- pô â 1
Û ÕQÖ
Û
Š'òñò
ô ½ : © -Wè‰1 ª /-
è¹ö 1 § - »;°~»½ 1 U
- pôÛó 1
=
U
ÿ
UMû
/5-‹è‰ö 1÷}/ ° è ö ø]ù î øSè ö ªúJ § ¨ ±° ¶®ü ó øýèýö þ § -‹è‰ö 1
ç X°
U £
ª
×
ô
-‹è‰ö 1 ç - 1 é - ¹1
¶ü èÇö ø ö þ
™›ò îL¯û òñ ù&û î(ý&i„^òûŠ?ò7ò ˆ5ðû ð5ùûî(ý5 -0è ­ ° è ­ ­ ° ¹1 ª
X° ¶ -‹è£ö ø ¹1 U ‘ŠXî)û=
ö î îyû=ò
ª
»
X
‘
ñ
…
ò
p
ý
ñ
á
ú
ù
(
ÿ
î
7
Ä
ò
=
û
™
ò
û

ò
á
ú
^
ø
7
ò
ñ
ù
û
p
ð
ñ
ò
&
ù
º
ö
á
ú
&
ù
†
ò
˜
)
î
˜
û
&
ù
î
ý
û
ñ
ý
ø
ç
ç
èøö ñqò…òè 7 òÜý&Žƒò3ùñô™›òUø5ùñùúáòû òñ îzù&ƒð/5ú- è‰ö ò71ö û ý„^òúáùÿ)ÿù&pö ø!ýqî)ûîòô‹ÿ)ÿ^û=ò
3ùÿL7ðpÿ ùûî(ý‹ùñò¼ø^ò7ñS¦ýñúò7ö ðøû
ý ¶ - ¶ 1 ô¶ÁŒŠlò%òû ¶ ª%Ù5‘³û=ò¼ø^ò7ñø^ò…pöîLðÿ ùñÜù$ö
ø5ùñùÿ(ÿ)ò7ÿ!ýñî)ò…¯ûùûî(ý5zùñòÜòÏðùÿ(ÿ“Èqû ù&„ÿ)òô - Ÿ5ýñzöî=7ð5=î)ýšò7ò’)É5ùø#û ò7ñ â ô 1
Ì Ä Ä HÎ?³¿ Ì;Ã,ã Á Ê ¿#Í Ã‘É Â Ë æ É Ç É[Ëã³Ã çç3¿#Í É ÇBÎ Ë5ä Á¿[Ç
Î^Î
›™ ò£qû ù&„î(ÿ)î)û|7ñqî)ûò7ñî)ýK¦ýñ¼ù$ýñî(ò¯ûùûî(ýî;öò7ñqîò7öI¦ñýú ò…Ïjô - pôÔÅ 1 ôKÁhû%ù&ˆù
ø^ýû òfûî ùÿ¦ýñú Õ ¨ ÕÖ ªR° - Û 1 Õ - ¨ 1 Õ ¨ ‘HŠXî+û
- ¨j­ ó 1 ªo° â ¨ ê - X° ¶ 1 § ×½ £ ¨ /- ó 1 ¨ - pô, 1
ò…òñ ùÿ)ÿ‘Pû=òø^ýûò…¯û î(ùÿ îL0ûç î(úò÷höò7ø^ò…pöò…¯û3ô Ávûpòmqûò3ùöB3ûùûò&‘¼ý‹Šlò‚òñ…‘
î)ûDý=î(ÿ(ÿ(ùû òùñqýðö ýúáòHù
òñ ùïò˜ùÿ)ðòô Á ýñqöò7ñDûýqî(úøÿ(î“áoýðñù&5ùÿ“]îL
Š?ò37ýùñ=qò÷ïñ ùî ûpò¬û î)úáò
÷ƒ3ùÿ)ò ŠXî)û ûò¬ø!òñî)ý#ö ý&¤ýƒ7î)ÿ(ÿ ùû î(ý&~ù&öwýqî(öòñ
ûpò ûî(úò÷îöòø!òöò…¯ûšòñ=î)ýNý&ò…Ïjô - pô,ó'÷B #ô, 1 ŠXî)û= - è ö ­ Ö 1 ñòøÿ ù&ò7ö„,
- è‰ö 1 ª
U
$
&
#
(
%
'
Ö
Ö
Þ ½
ô7ÁˆûpîLŒúý#öòÿpûpò±úîLpî(ú;ðúRý&
ó öòûò7ñqúáîò…·û=ò'qûù'÷
„- ÿ)ò¼ ýñî)"1 ò…!¯ûùûî(ý£ ô -‹- 虛ö ­ î1 žøpñý]7ò7öpðñòˆîL¼qî(úî(ÿ ùñ±ûý0û=òáù&5ùÿ“B- ¨5qîL­ Uý&1 lù0ýò÷höî(úò…5î(ý&5ùÿ
ŸÝÿ)ýBÏfðòûüøñqý„ÿ(òú ô › ò7ò$‘5¦ýñüò@œùúáøÿ)ò&‘ý¸×óÚB‘ý â ) º ô 1 ™›òUø^ýû ò¯û î ùÿ 3ù&̈́^ò.î(ò‚Šlòö™ù$
ùö5]5ùúáî3ùÿjò‚œûò…qî(ý ý&¸û=ò‹òÏfðî(ÿ)îL„ñqî(ðún¦ñqò7ò÷hò…òñï&ô™Kýïòû=ò7ñɊXî+ûû=ò.qýÿ(ð#û î(ý&
ý&Kò…Ïjô - pô â 1
ô -0è ­ Ö 1 ª Û ×+½ * £ Jzò‚œ#ø ² °. Û ×,* £- ô ½ : © -0è-.-·1=1 µ
- pôÛÚ 1
X
è-.-·1 ª - »&ß ­ » > § ÝP»ß - qîL¿Þ Ö °oîLÉÞ -·1 ­ »/ 1
î)ûzùÿ(ÿ)ý·Š'zð5Xûý%7ýû ñqðû±ûòÜýñqî(òfû ùû î)ý5ùÿ!ø5ù&qòÜöî ùïñ ùú&ô
ŸÝî(ñƒqû½Š?ò7ý&î)öò7ñPû=ò;ÿ(ý‹Šü÷ùúáøpÿ(î)ûðöò¶=ò7ùñ 1
Ý 0 1 ô¶Á¤ûî½3ù&qòµŠlòˆò@œpøù&ö
ûpòžò@œ#ø!ýpò…¯û‹î - pô,Ú 1 ðø0û ý - Ý U 1 ù$ö ý&„pûùî U V 8 U 8 U/
Å
2
U
6
5
- ó 1 ª © ° ó ¶ - Ý43 1 %ÂU > § Å Z ­ 390 2/ V7 8 ç 8 U/
U
- ó 1 ª U ° Å¯ó ¶ Ý U 5 é %ÂU >U § Å Z
39: pô,“ 1
­
ç
/
Š'òñò 5 ªR» ½U - â 1 ;‘ 3 ªÞ - Û 1 ‘5ù$ö © ‘ U ù&„5ýñƒ„ ûpòÞýñqî(òfû ùû î)ý#÷hîLöòø!òöòfû
û òñúž7ô Áœûpò¤ÿ(ý‹Šü÷Bùúáøÿ)î)ûðöò0ñòïî(úò û=òŸˆ5ðû ð5ùûî(ý¾ø^ò…ûñðú îLý&ÿiÿ)î(ï¯ûÿ
îLBˆ5ðò…57ò7ö”„,žƒò3ùñŒˆ5ý‹ŠÜôÃÏ,7ô - pôד 1 ƒý‹Šºû5ùû?û=îLÈñòïî(úòXîLÈùÞø^ò7ñû ðñƒ„5ùû î)ýý&û=ò
ò…Ïfðî)ÿ(î„ñî)ðú qûùû ò›ŠXî)û=< ª ½7ô7õò…ˆûpò'¦ñqò…Ïfðòˆî·ÿ(ý‹Š¼‘ûpòXûøî3ùÿ#û î(úòüý&jû=ò
7ñqî)ûîL3ùÿˆ5ðûð5ùûî(ýáöòò7ÿ(ýøúáò¯ûüîL[ú;ð5‡È=ýñqû òñ?û=5ù&>
? = : © ÷ - Ý'Þ 1 : © ù$öûpòMˆ5ý‹Š
î)úáøpÿ&û ñ ù$ÿ(ùû ò¼ˆðûð5ùû î)ýUî|qø5ù&òôžüû¼î(ﮦñqò…Ïfðò…57î(òžû=òˆÿ(ò÷hûî(úòÞý$?û=ò
7ñqî)ûîL3ùÿ&ˆ5ðû ð5ùûî(ý5Kò@œ5ò7òöÝûpò‡5ùñ ù&û ò7ñqîLû îLŒûî(úòŒý&ûpòŒˆ5ý‹ŠÜô7à_ý‹Šlò‚òñ…‘qîLòÈû=ò
ùúøÿ(î+û ðöpòPý&Köò¦ýñqúùû î(ý&&î›úáùÿ(ÿF‘Bˆ5ð5û ðùû î)ýXÿ(î“òUîL&ù& ù
òñ ùïòö™ò,î)ñýúò…¯û…‘
î)úáî)ÿ ùñXû ý û=òˆò…Ïfðî(ÿ)îL„ñqî(ðú ýòô%™›ò… ûòˆøñqýø^ò7ñqûî(òžý$?û=òˆúáòÿ)û7ù&ýûžöòø!òö
ý¼ûpò'¦ñqò…Ïfðò&‘]Š'î‡áî=ý‹Š'#„,;ò…Ïjô - pôד 1 ô ™Aýžöòûò7ñúîLpòüûò›ûù&„ÿ)òXýñî)ò…¯ûùûî(ý
Š?ò’¦ýÿ(ÿ)ý‹ŠâŸ5ñòöñ]qý8 ù&pöŸýûòÞûùû_û=òˆðûð5ùû î)ý¤îfûò7ïñùÿ@ î.úáùÿ)ÿ(ò7ñ¿¦ýñ±û=ò
ø5ùñùÿ(ÿ)ò7ÿAýñî)ò…¯ûùû î(ý& - > ªw 1 ô’™›òˆ5ðû ð5ùû î(ý&ÜùñòµŠ?ò3ù$†ò7ñÜî¤ûîUöî(ñqò…ûî(ý ù$ö
ûpò7ñò‚¦ýñò͊?ò0øñòöîLû¼ûò0ø5ùñùÿ(ÿ)ò7ÿÈýñî)ò…¯ûùû î(ý&Dû ý®„^òšûù&„pÿ(ò îLDû=ò0ÿ(ý‹Šü÷Bùúáøÿ)î)ûðöò
ñòïî(úòô
ÎjÎA
ã³ä ¿[ÀpÍÈÁÇÍÌ ÄÉÈËpã³Ã çç3¿pÍ É ÇBÎ Ë5ä Á¿[Ç
5Ÿ ýñKû=òlþQî+û ò
÷Bùúøÿ(î+û ðöpò=ò7ùñÝûpòɈ5ðû ð5ùûî(ýîL¯û òïñ ùÿ 7ù&„!ò?òùÿ)ð5ùû òö’ŠXî)û=
ûpò¶pò7ÿ(ø0ý&Kò…Ïjô - pô,Ú 1 ò7ùñ_»ßCBâÙ
%
- ó 1 ª>D © - 5 1 UE% é ûGÝMF,Þ H ÿ © é ² X° ¶ Ú - 8 >U § Å 8 U/ 1 µ ­ 3I0 ç
-ó 1 >
ª D U Ý Ý H ² ÿL KU J L
° U
- pô ) 1
J
8 J 8
39: ° ¶ û â >U ÿ § U/ - U°L U § ÿ U 1 ÿ µ ­
ê
ê
8
Å2 8 ¹ ÅÆÝ U » ½U
J
ª
Ý
ª
ª
FH Û ¹ 5
H ¹ 5
/- ó 1
ç © Å ©%O
ç
D© N
ª M ü O EUþ %
D
ª 2 ¹ %ÂU Å %
U
é
é © ê
™›î¼ñò7ïî(úò”ý ÿ(ý&ïò7ññò…qò7úµ„pÿ(ò…;û=ò ò…Ïfðî)ÿ(î„ñî)ðú qûùû òô9Áöòò7ö ‘?îLò…Ïfðî)ÿ(î„ñî)ðú
¸ “$º_ù&#Š?ò7ÿ)ÿ±ù&ðpöò7ñáÿ(ý‹Šü÷Bùúøÿ)î)û ðpöòÍ=ò7ùñáû=òqøîLpý#ö5ùÿXûò7úø!òñ ùûðñò$‘üïî“ò…¾„,
±û ý”J 6 ª T° SvVô UMÿ(î†òÿ‘D¦ñýú ò…Ïjô - pô ) 1
/J5- ó ó 1 P RQ ª ½_ª° Ù5‘!ó îLÊù&ðƒøúøpñøpò…û ƒýûòîLö97ù„2ÿ(ÿ“š ˆ5ùðøøpûñð5ý¯ùù&û‡î(ýpò…
Ä7òñý ù&’Ý – Svôò”7ýÿ(ðöpòû5ùû
ûp6…- ò’ˆ51 ý‹Škû ñqý- ï1 ÿ“qðøø8 ñqò…=qò…¼ˆ5ð8 û ð5ùûî(ý5Uù&öñqò…qûýñòPûò¼úò3ù$#÷hþ5òÿ(öŸ„^ò…ù‹î)ýðñ7ô
=òùÿýIòò=û=5ùû£J 6- / X
J 6…- > 1 ù&öHûòñò¦ýñòxŠlò ò‚œ#ø^ò…û ûò ø^ò7ñø^ò…pöîLðÿ ùñ
1
W
ýñqî(ò…¯û ùû î)ýûý;ùøpø!ò7ùñɄ^ò7ÿ)ý·Šºû=ò.qøîLpý#ö5ùÿ ô7Ê5ùÿ“BqîLÈý&³û=òPø^ýû òfûî ùÿ ƒý‹Š'lû5ùû
ûpîLzýñqî(ò…¯û ùû î)ýȊXî(ÿ)ÿø^ò7ñ=qîLûM¦ýñzÿ(ý‹Šlòñzû ò7úø^ò7ñ ùû ðñqò…7ô
™›òUû ñù&î+û î)ý”¦ñýú ûpòžøùñ ùÿ)ÿ(òÿ^ûý¼ø!òñø^ò…öî7ðÿ(ùñzýñqî(ò…¯û ùû î)ýÉ7ù&š„!òUÿ)ýB7ùû òö
ŠXî)û=™ûpò’òÿ(ø¤ý&Œû=ò;úòû=ý#öš¦ñýú › òûî(ýxô â ôMòÞîL¯û 8 òñø^ýÿ ùû Y
ò 8 îL#÷„!òûŠlòò…¤û=ò
ݖ Ù¼ù$öÍݖ S ñòïî(úò…lù&öÍqýÿòPûòPòÏfð5ùû î)ýÈJ 6…- > 1 ªúJ 6- / 1 û ýý„pûùîLû=ò
û ñù&qî)û î)ý ÿ(îòPî0û=ò¼Ýº°mޜøpÿ ù&ò
Ý ÞZBk Ù é Û » ½4U []\ : é ­ 390 ˜
- pô“ Ù 1
Š'òñò \ îLáù9fðúµ„^ò7ñáý&Uúýýúò7ñƒˆîLœù ø!ýÿúáòñ%‡5ùîLô¬Ÿ5ýñžî)ïi¦ñqò…Ïfðò7î)ò…
îˆîLöòø!òöòfûý&.Þ%ù&ö Š?ò™øpñò7öpîLûûpò&ûñ ù&qî)ûî(ýÿ(îò˜û ý9„!ò&ïîò… „,iÝ¢ª
D_^ 8 - Ö ôKàXò…7ò¯û·ò‚œ#ø^ò7ñqî(úò…¯ûùÿŠ?ýñƒ†ž¸Ô‹º#ùñïðpò…¸û5ùûÝùûKÿ)ý‹Š9¦ñqò…Ïfðò…57î(òKû=òÈûñ ù&5î)ûî(ý
„^òûŠ?ò7ò… ûpòýñî)ò…¯ûùûî(ý5˜ýB7ðñƒ0ùûÍÝ [ Þ : © ‘MŠ'pî(ÿ(ò™ùûÍî)ïòñ”¦ñòÏðpò…î(ò… û=ò
û ñù&qî)û î)ýÿ(îLpòMûùñû[û ýÞÿ(òò7ÿ^aý `Kô ™›îL?îLÈîLáù¶¦ðÿ)ÿ^ùïñòò7úò…¯ûŒŠXî)ûáýðñÈøñòöîLû î)ý7ô
ŸÝîLùÿ(ÿ“‘ŠlòšŠüù$fûû ý=öîLƒ7ðƒû=ò™ñqò3ùøpø!ò7ùñ ù&57ò&ý&‹û=ò øùñ ùÿ)ÿ(òÿüýñî)ò…¯ûùû î(ý&yùû
î)ïK¦ñòÏðpò…î(ò…ôo™›îL„^ò…ù‹î)ýðñµ7ù&ýûùñîLqòȦñýú ûpò£ˆý·cŠ b2ˆ5ðûð5ùûî(ý~îL¯ûò7ñ÷
ù&û î(ý&öîLƒ7ðƒò7öyù&„^ý‹òô › ýúò ùðpû=ýñ=ˆùñïðò˜û=5ùû;û=ò0ù&ƒðúøpû î)ýý&Mÿ)ý‹Š ˆ5ý‹Š
îL ò…Ïjô - pô“ 1 î‹ñòø^ýqîL„ÿ)ò¦ýñXûò8ùî(ÿ)ðñòÜý&Œû=òûpò7ýñS&ûý˜øñqò7öîûPû=òø5ùñ ùÿ)ÿ(ò7ÿEýñqî+÷
ò…¯û ùû î)ýœùûžî)ï ¦ñqò…Ïfðò7î)ò…®¸ Å5‘Mº ô˜ò$‘¿ý‹Šlò‚òñ…‘Mðøø^ýñû˜ù öîd`!ò7ñqò…¯ûýøîLî)ý³ô
(üùÿÄ3ùñf
ù e_g.hiajHýûò7ö ¸ì‹Å¯Ú·ºÝû5ùûPîLò…Ïfðî)ÿ(î„ñî)ðú ûòµŠlùÿ(ÿPý&[ûpò=ò7ùñ7òÿ(ÿ·îöðò
ûpò‹ø5ùñùÿ(ÿ)ò7ÿjùÿ)î(ïpúáòfû[û=ñýðpïûpòʊ'ýÿ)òPÙpô,ó'÷húáúnùúøÿ(ò$‘]Š'î)ÿ(lò kEùðñòmñ e_g.hTiajý„÷
òñƒò7ö ¸ œƺAû5ùûPðöpò7ñ½ƒò3ùñ±ûòñò;î‹ùÿŠlù‹]Uùžò3ùñ÷qðñƒ8ù$7ò;ÿ(ù‹ò7ñ_ý&·ûpò;ø5ùñùÿ(ÿ)ò7ÿ
Ì Ä Ä HÎ?³¿ Ì;Ã,ã Á Ê ¿#Í Ã‘É Â Ë æ É Ç É[Ëã³Ã çç3¿#Í É ÇBÎ Ë5ä Á¿[Ç
Î^Îon
A~ ω -1
shear-cell walls
mean-field
A
A = const
fluctuations
ω
pÝî)ïðñòcqpô“õŒØPñî)ò…¯ûùû î(ý&5ùÿföî ùïñ ùú&ôŽÁò7ù&‡ˆñòïî(ý;û=òzöýúîLùû îï‹ò_`òû[îL7qûùû ò7öô
ÿ ùúáòÿ(ÿ ùò&‘^îLöòø!òöòfûÿý$?û=ò%„ðÿL† ýñî)ò…¯ûùû î(ý&³ô™›pò7ñò‚¦ýñò%Š?òøpñýø^ýò;û=5ùûUû=ò
î)ï#÷¦ñqò…Ïfðò¼øùñ ùÿ)ÿ(òÿ#ýñqî(òfû ùû î)ý;ý&jû=òzÿ ùúò7ÿ)ÿ ùòÈîL73ùðqò7öž„2¼îL¯û òñ ù&û î)ý·ý&jû=ò
=pò3ùñB÷7òÿ(ÿ Šlùÿ(ÿ.ŠXî)û=ûòˆúò7ÿ)û7+
ô p5ñòöñ]qý|5ù&¼=ý‹Š' ¸ & rƺŒûùûÜîL ò…Ïfðî)ÿ(î„ñî)ðú
ûpîLüîfûò7ñù&ûî(ýȊXî)ÿ(ÿÿ)ò3ùö˜ûý¼ûòUø5ùñ ùÿ)ÿ(ò7ÿ!ùÿ)î(ïúò…¯û7ô[=ò¶ù‹òÜöîLƒ7ðƒò7ö0ûpîLzsò `!ò…û
¦ýñzùû ò3ùö5Í=pò3ùñ - qò7ò)É5ùø#û ò7ñ_ó 1 ù$ö£=ý‹Š?ò7ö û=5ùûzî ûòUøñqò…qò…òÞý&AûpîLzîL¯ûò7ñ÷
ù&û î(ý&;ûò›ûù&„ÿ)òzýñî)ò…¯ûùû î(ý&¼îL·ïî“òž„2;û=òXúáîî(úðúâý& "t vu 2wyx ñ~}@‘2Š'ò7ñqò
w îLžøñýø^ýñû î(ý&5ùÿŒû ý™û=vò pÝÿ)ýñƒ¯÷à_ðïïîL¼qûñòïûý$üûòîL¯û òñ ù&û î(ý&m„^òûŠ?ò7ò…û=ò
Šlùÿ(ÿÞù$öDúò7ÿ)û7
ô  îLpî(úîLÄ3ùû î(ý&¤ý&üû=òúý#öpî)þ5òö=ø^ýû ò¯û î ùÿ î(ò7ÿ)ö¼¦ý{Ø ñžz&û=| ò͗¶–O•
û ñù&qî)û î)ý˜û òúáø^ò7ñùû ðpñò
8 u 8 / ºê
8
¸
€
J} t u - > 1 u ra- w > U 1 uZ-  1
qpô“ 1
1
ŠXî)û=‚
- ó 1 ¦ñqýú òÏjô - qpô ) 1 ô¼ÁŠlò;þ5œ™ûò;û} ò7úø!òñç ùûðñò$‘ûpò;ÿ(îòý&[û8 =òµò7ýpö ûñ ù&#÷
î+û î)ýKŠXî(ÿ)ÿɄ^ò ùï¯ùîLïîò „2oÝ [ Þ : ƒ‘ 3 0 ù$ö Ý t Ds^ - Ö ƒ‘ 3 : ͊Xî)û=
7ýò랏î(ò…¯û=±öpò7ø^ò…öîïˆý
w!ô™›îzîLüî&ù%Ïfð5ùÿ(î)û ùû î“ò‹ùïñòò7úò…¯û'ŠXî)û= ò‚œ#ø!òñî)úáòfû=
¸Àƺ ôi öòûùî)ÿ(òöo7ýúø5ùñqîLý&î¼î(úø!ý&=î„ÿ(ò”„!ò3ùðqò ý$_û=ò ÿ(ù&‡†Dý&_ò‚œ#ø^ò7ñqî(úò…¯ûùÿ
ö5ùû ùpô[ØPðñlù&=qðúáø#û î(ý&È3ù&”„!ò.ò7ñqî)þ5òö̈́,áø^ò7ñƒ¦ýñúîLïžúáò7ù&ðpñò7úò…¯û=üîLȃò3ùñ¿7òÿ(ÿL
7ý&qûñðû ò7ö ý&Ködî `!ò7ñqò…¯û±úùûò7ñqî ùÿ7ô
ò£qðúáúáùñqîLÄ7òýðñˆñòðÿ+ûˆîL~ù&ýñqî(ò…¯û ùû î)ý5ùÿ?öî ùïñ ùú - pÝî)ï„ô qpô 1 ôm™›pò ÿ)ý·Šü÷
¦ñòÏfðò…‚ ñò7ïî(úò;ñòò7ú’„ÿ(òžû=ò%qû ò7ùö5¯÷ƒò3ùñ„^ò…5ù
î(ýðñ7ô%™›òž7ýñqñòø^ýöîï ò@œf÷
øñqò…=qî(ý5’¦ý
ñ - ò…Ï,ô - qp…ô rB…‘ qpô ) 1ƒ1 ùñò#î)úáî)ÿ ùñPûý™ûý&ò”¦ýñÜûpòÈqûò3ùö59=pò3ùñ£¸‘ó&Å5‘Ýaó q$º
ŠXî)û=ù&=sò `!ò…ûîòÍ=ò7ùññùû †
ò ? = ݐޱô£™›òÈî)ï#÷¦ñò…Ïfðò=ø5ùñû;ý&zû=òöpî ùïñùú
¦ðöùúáò¯ûùÿ)ÿ0ö‡î `òñ=ʦñqýú ûò’t qû ò7ùö5Ç=ò7ùñ7ô½õpò…¤ûpò’¦ñòÏðpò…‚¤ò‚œBò7ò7ö5¶qýúò
7ñqî)ûîL3ùÿÉùÿ(ðò$‘Š'î‡tîý$Pýñqöò7ñý&‹û=ò&ñò7ÿ(ùƜpùû î)ýû î)úáòȦýñˆûpòǏñî)ûîL7ùÿɈ5ðû ð5ù'÷
û î)ý‘üûòš¦ðñqû=ò7ñ˜î7ñqò3ù&qò™ý&¦ñqò…Ïfðòtöý#ò”ýûȇ5ù&pïò™ûpòŸ„!ò5ù
î(ýðñáý&Pû=ò
ÎjΈ
ã³äŠ‰G‹ ̓Œ"Í̎ƒ‘ ㊒ çç ‰o“ @BΔ‘ ä
Œ‰ 
ƒ]û ò7ú&ô™›òñò¦ýñò&‘AîL¤û=ò%î(ï&#÷¦ñqò…Ïfðò…5ÿ)î(úî)û - ó 1 û ýïòûpò7ñ½ŠXî)û=ûòqøîLýö5ùÿ
û òúáø^ò7ñùû ðpñò½J 6
- ó 1 ùøø^ò3ùñ=zû ý%„^òžîöòø!òöò…¯û_ý&‰Þ±ô
™›òzþ5ñ=ûŒû ñù&î+û î)ý’¦ñýúoû=òzø5ùñùÿ(ÿ)ò7ÿfû ýÜø!òñø^ò…öpîL7ðpÿ ùñ·ýñî(ò¯ûùûî(ýµýññqò…qø!ýpö
û ýˆùµ‡ù&ïòÜîL”‡5ùñ ù$û òñXý&Eûò.ˆý·cŠ b2ˆ5ðûð5ùûî(ý0îL¯ûò7ñ ù$û î)ý³ô ™›pîL›‡5ù&pïòUîLzù$=ý÷
7î(ùû òö|ŠXî+û ù£qû ñqýïšðøpøñò=î)ýý$ˆ5ð5û ðùû î)ýžù&ö=ùšñýƒ÷hý·ò7ñ¶¦ñýú ûò%ˆ5ð
÷
û ðùû î)ý û ýúáò7ù&#÷hþò7ÿ(ö ûø^òÞý&7„!ò5ù
î(ýðñôüØPðñXòqû î)úùû ò&‘pò…Ïjô - #ô,aó q 1 ‘Q¦ýñzû=ò¼7ñî+û î3ùÿ
òs`!ò…û î“ò'=ò7ùñ[ñ ùûò òÏ^ô q#ô Ù =pý·Š'[ûùûM¸ì· ⠑ â ó]‘fóó·ºV?= • []\ : é ô7õò… \ – S3‘
ûpò¼ˆðûð5ùû î)ý0ñòïî(ý- 0ö- î ùøpø!1=1 ò7ùñ=¶–¸ qr$ºAù&p—
ö ?= • – Ùpô
™Kýò@œ#øÿ ùîœûòò…ýö û ñù&î+û î)ý¾Š?òúù&†ò¤ðqòý&žñò…ò…¯û&ò‚œ#ø^ò7ñî)úáò¯ûx¸ì‹Å¯ÚB‘
‹Å r·ºüù$öDùñqïðòû5ùûžûpò”î)ï#÷¦ñqò…Ïfðò ø5ùñùÿ(ÿ)ò7ÿŒýñqî(òfû ùû î)ý îL¶qû ù&„î(ÿ)îLďò7ö|„, û=ò
øñqò¦ò7ñù&„ÿ)òî¯û ò7ñù&ûî(ý ý&Èûpòžƒò3ùñ÷ò7ÿ)ÿ Šüùÿ)ÿL½ŠXî+û ýòˆý&Èûòž7ýúø^ýò…¯û=žý$?û=ò
úò7ÿ)û7™ô ˜Èùÿ)î(öî+ûý&AûpîL›2ø!ýû=ò…qîL±ñòÏðpî(ñò›¦ðñqû=ò7ñXò‚œ#ø^ò7ñqî(úò…¯ûùÿýqû ðpöî(ò7ô
üûzûòÜòö͊lòŠlù&¯û±ûý¼ò7úø5ù&qîLďòPû5ùûzû=òUøñqò…ò¯û ò7ö øîLû ðñqòUîLzùøøÿ(î3ù&„pÿ(òʦýñ
ù&2£ƒ]û ò7ú - ø!ýÿ“úáòñ=…‘5ðñS8ù&û ù&¯û…‘^úîL7ñqý#òú;ðÿî(ý& 1 öò…ƒ7ñî„!òö„2 ûpò’(lñù&Ä7ý‹]=†fî)î
à‹ùúáî)ÿ)û ý&î ù& - òÏ^ô - q#ô* 1ƒ1 ô
‰G‹š‹ Œ"› ’ ! ̎ ‰ Ž0æçœ ã"“ œ ‰o“ƒ’ › ’ › “ Œ "  ‰ ç
¢¡£¡ ª¨£¤£¥_¦ ¡š¢ § °&¨®©©ª¨Ÿ±«©ª¥…²ž¨ ¥
¨¬© Tª ­ž³±µ°
žKžŸ
à ùÿ(ð5ùû î(ý&˜ý&Aûòˆ5ðû ð5ùû î(ý&&î¯û ò7ïñ ùÿý¦ýñzý=î(ÿ(ÿ(ùû ýñƒž=ò7ùñXîL›ýûzû ñî“î ùÿù&ö£ò7ñqò
Š?òÞýð#û ÿ(îòPúáù®qýñ¿û òø_ý$Ýîfûò7ïñùû î)ý îL0òÏ]ô - qpô,óB‘…q#ôÛÚ 1 ô
Á û=ò%3ù&qòáý$üùÍúáùÿ)ÿ+÷Bùúáøÿ)î)ûðöò¼=ò7ùñ - Ý0 1 Š?òò‚œ#ø5ù&ö ûòˆò@œpø^ýò¯ûî
ò…Ïjô - qpô,Ú 1 ðøû”
ý - Ý U 1 ‘Èù&ö~ø^ò7ñS¦ýñú¢ûò îfûò7ïñùû î)ýù&pöyù
ò7ñ ùïîLï ý‹òñ¼û î(úòáûý
ý„pû ùîL
ô -0è¹1
t
V
ôš¯ -0è‰1±° Ý {U ²]"ßU ³ Õ ÕM ² W- è‰1
> Z
u Õ
U
3
U À¸ Å U
U
-U 0è‰1±° 3 Uº U
M
é -Wè‰1 ¸ -Wè‰1±° 3 º
M 3 U
U M
W
‰
è
1
Õ M ² U U -0è¹1 ¸ U -Wè‰1±° 3 U º2´
> M
M
- Þô 1
Š'òñòŠlòžîL¯ûñýöð7òö -Wè‰1 t ô ¯ : } -0è¹1 ôGµ_ý‹Švò…Ïjô - qpô,ó 1 „!ò7ýúò…›qî(úî(ÿ ùñÈûýˆû=òŠlò7ù&†÷
=pò3ùñUÿ)î(úî)ûXý&[ûpòqû ò7ùM ö5Lj5ý‹Š|ù&pö¤ûòµˆ5ð5û ðùû î)ýîL¯û òïñ ùÿKîPò3ù&qî(ÿ“ ò‚ùÿ(ð5ùû ò7ö¤ûý
ïî“òUò…Ïjô - qp„ô r 1 ô
ÁHû=òx3ù&qò=ý$;ùþQî+û ò÷ùúøÿ(î+û ðöòÇ=ò7ùñ ûòxqî)û ðùû î)ýºîL úýñò®ýúøÿ(î3ùûò7ö³ô
UÊqîLïù¼úòûpý#ö£î)úáî)ÿ ùñÈû ý¼ûùû›¦ñýúb‹øø^ò…öpÇ#ôÔ»µ‘5Š?òUþQö
ôŠ¶ -Wè‰1
}
·¸¸
¸¸
¹¸
¸¸
t
¸º
U V ²
¯ EU % é
üM EU % O þ
q é <Ý 3 ² ß ² > Z
V ²¯ U
¼ Å Ý ²ß²>Z
» 390
» 39:
- Þô* 1
Ìúáøpÿ(ý‹îLï;û=òùøøñý
œ#î(úáùûî(ýȦñqýú ò…Ïjô - #ô?a½ 1 ‘Šlòžî(úúò7öî(ùû òÿý„pû ùîL ûpò¶ˆ5ð5û ð÷
ùûî(ýáîL¯û òïñ ùÿD¦ýƒñ 3¾0 ½qîLòPî)û?îLî(úî(ÿ(ùñ·û ýò…Ïjô - #ô?&Å 1 ôGp5ýñƒ39: .Š?ò½5ù
òÜù$9û òñ
3ùÿL7ðpÿ ùûîLïû=òÜñ ùöpî ùÿ!ø5ùñqû±ý&Aûpòžî¯û ò7ïñ ùÿ
- è‰ö 1
U
Z
u

»
ö
þ
£
è
ø
ü
À
×
,
¿
G
ö
Á :} ÄßÄ U
t Å ç U ¼ /
°ÃÂ - ö ö > 1
² ¯U
 t ¼
/
Å$Ý U ² ¯U
- Þô?Å 1
ž \ÆÅ
NJȊ‰G‹o“ Œ"Í̎ƒ‘ NJ’ çç ‰o“ @BΔ‘ È Œ ‰ 
=ò¼ŠXî)ÿ(ÿ=ý‹Šý‹Š¬û ý%3ùÿ7ðÿ(ùû òPû=îLzî¯û ò7ïñ ùÿý¦ýñ  t ½pô
#É%ÂU ¿BÓ × #ÉÂ% U ¿Ê
îLÊ
r
× ¿,G Á
×
¯ Á : } î ê Ê î U Ó.ý U Ó
°ÃÂ : } - Ä ß Ä > 1 U t ¯
°ËÂ Ì Í Ï
ö ö VaÍ qîL U Ê
}
%
U
É
#
ÂU
%
T
Î
<
E
¿Ï Á u - ¼ 1 Ï
t r × ¯ ¿ÊîlÊÀÌ ¼ Â Z t r ¼ Â × ¯
Â
} } } ÖÖ
U U U Öu â
ÖÖ â Ú
m
U
Ô
Ó
Ò
t éÑÐ
Ö
êé êÕ Ö Âª×ÙØ
û Å ÿ û ó ÿ Ò } % } ê %ÂU ÔÛ Ú Ò : } } %Â% U ê ÔKÛ Ú
â
t M â M â : Ò ° âÂ× : Ò ° âÂ×
B ¼ ÂCÜ û ÿ q â ÿ U u URÝ ° -.DÂ 1
Â
Š'òñò@Ì - Ï 1 îLAûò7ýúøÿ)òû òÈò7ÿ)ÿ(î)øpû îŒîL¯û òïñ ùÿý&û=ò?þñ=qû †îö ‘sÞ Ðàß îAû=òlïò…òñ ùÿ)îLÄ7òö
2ø!òñïòýúáòû ñqîLʦð5ûî(ý³ô7Áûò_ÿ ù&ûlòÏfð5ùû î)ý”Š?ò.5ù
òPðòöÍýúò_ûñ ù&5ƒ¦ýñqúùûî(ý
ñðpÿ(ò…Œ¦ýñ?û=òPïòò7ñùÿ(îÄ7òöÈ2#ø^ò7ñqïò7ýúáòû ñîʦð5û î)ýlù&ö˜ûpòPù&S#úøpûýû î.„^ò…5ù
î(ýðpñ
ý&Aûòžù&ƒý]7î(ùû ò
ö k¸òïò…öpñòžø!ýÿ“]ýúî ùÿ¿VÒ á ¦ñýú§¸ì'óB…º ô
Á™ùqî(úî(ÿ ùñŠlù‹
z r
U
Ä
× ¿,G Á
B]r ¼ Â Ü ÿ ¼ u Ý ° (- ÂH1
ö >}
U
°ÃÂ : - Ä ß Ä > 1
Â
ö
ö
U
V ê UÝ
/
Ä
U
¼
u
B Â Ü É q ° ÿ 8 q â Â Z ° -.ÂD1
× ¿,G Á
°ÃÂ : ö } - Ä ß Ä > 1 U
ö ö
Ê9ûò7ñ'ýúáòÜùÿ)ïò…„pñ ù;î)ûXÿ)ò3ùö5üû ýˆûò¼ò7ýpö™ò…Ïfð5ùû î(ý&&î - qpô ) 1 ô
^
_ `ba c9de
â
ä
å—æèçvéªê{ëlìîíLï<ê{ë6ðÀñóòŠôöõ«÷ËðÀæô¢õ,òê{ô4øèðƒìCðGêùõ,øóìîífðGòúìîøvéÀêRðÀê{õ+øYé
ã
h r|{}y r9r9h[plj
` j z
^
plj {3uy rmh[plj
_à òñò”Š?ò”qðúúùñqîLďòáýðpñî(ò‚Š'ýmŠ'ùû’Š?òûpîL† îLÜûpò˜ò…ƒò…¯ûî ùÿ?ø2BqîL;ý&üû=ò
ýñqî(ò…¯û ùû î)ý5ùÿû ñ ù$î+û î(ý&7ôªûUðpñŒò‚œ#ø!òñî)ò…òMŠXî+ûˆûîŒøò…pýúáòýúù$†ò…Èð„^ò7ÿ(î)òò
ûùû¼î)ûîLµpýû7ý&ò…û òöiŠXî+ûúîL7ñqý=ýøîöòûùî)ÿLý$±û=ò̓]û ò7ú&ô|™›òÍòÿ(ò…û î)ý
ý&‹ýñî)ò…¯ûùûî(ýyùûˆûp£
ò û»½™ îù øñý]7ò=û5ùûáöòø!òö˜ýûòšƒúúáòû ñS~ý&‹û=ò
ƒ]û ò7úš‘^ù&ö0ûòñòÜîL±ùµ¦ò7òÿ(îï¼û5ùûXî+ûXîL'ýû'7ùðqò7ö„20øpò…ýúò…ùžqð‡ù&'=pò3ùñB÷
ñ ùû òUöòø!òöò…¯ûMîL=ýî+û‘úò…‡ù&îL7ùÿ ý¯û ñ ù$qû
‘5òûl báûpòÍ7ù&0îL5ˆ5ðpò…òÜû=òUò‚œpù&û
ø^ýî+û î(ý&œý&žû ñ ù$î+û î(ý&…‘Xûò ùúøÿ)î)û ðpöò™ý&žûpò úîLñýû ñqðûðñò$‘±û=ò®ùÿ(ðòý&Üû=ò
û»½™tû òúáø^ò7ñùû ðpñò&‘òû=ô„ðpûýû?ûò±ûø!ò_ý&¸ýñqî(ò…¯û ùû î)ý³Àô &ýñòý·ò7ñ‘5Šlò_ûî†;û5ùû
ûpò&ýñî(ò¯ûùûî(ý5ùÿ?û ñù&qî)û î)ýðöpò7ñž=ò7ùñáîø^ò…î)þQ£¦ýñˆùÿ)ÿ¿ƒ]qûò7úžû=5ùûò‚œBî„î)û
úîL7ñqýø5ù$òòø5ùñùû î)ý͊Xî)û þQpî)û ò ² ¯ ô
Á¼ûò¿¦ýÿ)ÿ(ý‹ŠXîLpïʊ?ò›7ýò…¯û ñùû òXýðpñŒùûûò…¯û î)ý¼ý;û=òzÿ ùúò7ÿ)ÿ ùñEøù&àò ®qðû„!òÿ(ý‹Š
ûpî
ò û»½™Uô qî(úî(ÿ ùñ?úò…‡5ù$îLqúw3ù&š„^òžöpñ ù
Š'š¦ýñüûò¼ò@œùïý5ùÿ¸ø55ù&òô
ü v¬ ¨£¥
°&¥&ý®³G¥&¨£þ ÿ þ
ª½±µ¨
ª°&¤ žª³­ª¨®­f¨®©@©À¨Ÿ±m©À¥…²ž¨®­
.¿Š?òÜöîLƒ7ðƒòö™îLš)Éùøpû òñ‘pû=òUúáò7ù&#÷ þ5ò7ÿ)ö˜ûòýñƒ˜ù&=ñîL„^ò…XùûùûîLqûîL7ùÿŠ?ò7î)ï¯û
ýÿ“û ý ûò úáý&qûáøñý„ù&„ÿ(ò0ñqò3ùÿ)îLÄ3ùû î(ý&ý$‹ûpò™ò…5ò7ú’„ÿ(ò$‘›ý=û=5ùûûò&öîýñqöò7ñqò7ö
qû ùû òÜîMýúøÿ(òû ò7ÿ“Èýúáýïò…òýð…‘jù$ö&û=òžýñöòñòöÇûùûòÞîXùø^ò7ñS¦ò…û_öòî+û øñý÷
þ5ÿ)òôµõò=ûpòžS]qû òú ùøøñqý¯ù&‡òžû=ò û»½™ îLû=òˆöîLqýñöòñòö=øù&ò$‘Aû=ò7ñqòîÜù
û òöò û ý0öò7ñqò3ù&qòáûpòžfðú’„!òñÞý&?ð58ù
ýðñ ù$„ÿ(
ò }ý¯ûù&û7ô”à_ý‹Š?òòñ…‘Aûî
û òöòîLøpðñòÿ ÿ ùûò…¯û
‘·ù&öû=òöîýñqöò7ñqò7öøù&ò˜ñqò7úáùîL5ýúáýïò…òýð7ôüû
ûp+
ò û»½™vûpîL±ÿ ùûò…¯û_ûò…öpò…‚¤îL±ñòýÿ“òöŸ„2 ò@œB7î)ûîLïùžˆ5ð5û ðùû î)ýNJXî+û¤ù%Šüù
ò÷
fðúµ„^ò7ñ ² ¯lù&ö ùžñ ù&pöýú%ýñqî(ò…¯û ùû î)ýžŠ'pîL‡˜îŒqò7ÿ)ò…ûò7ö̈́2žø^ý¯ûù&pò7ýðɃúáúòûñƒ
„ñqò3ù&†fîLpïô’ÊPûò;ûò7úø!òñ ùûðñò¼îPÿ(ý‹Š?ò7ñòö|¦ðpñqûpò7ñ…‘³û=òˆùúøÿ(î+û ðöpòý&[ûpîL½ˆ5ðû ð5ù'÷
û î)ý&ïñý‹Š'_ù& Á \ u - \ 1 ‘D„ðpû±ûòÞöò…5î)û&øñqýþ5ÿ)òžñqò7úáùîL5Xû=ò¶ ùúò - î)û±îL'ýû
ò…¯ûî(ñòÿÜû ñqðò&‘¯î“jýòzùÿ(ÿ(ý‹Š'‰¦ý6 ñ î)} ïòñ75ùñqúáý&îLÝîLÞûòüöpò…qî)û;øpñýþ5ÿ)ò&‘„pðpûýû=îLpï
‡5ù&pïò…±ý ûòÜÿ)ò…ïû=#÷ƒ3ùÿ)ò ² ¯ : 1 ô
ý‘üîû=ò&úáò7ù&#÷hþò7ÿ(ö~ûpò7ýñSû=óò û¼»½™ û ñ ù$î+û î(ý&iqò7ø5ùñ ùûò…˜ù|ýúýïòò7ýð5
ž \D\ DZȚ‰ƒ‹y“ ŒoŽ ‹È ‘ ’…ÇƉ ç ‹š’…Ç"“ œàŠŒ,zæ “ƒÈ Œ@ ’ Œ"› “o‰o“ƒ’ › ‰ ç “  ‰ ›±‘ ’~“6’ @›±‘
qû ùû ò¦ñqýú ù¼ø!òñƒ¦òû ÿ“ ýñqöò7ñqò7ö™úò…qýø5ù$òôŒ™›òUû ñù&qî)û î)ý ý]…7ðpñ='#î(ù¼öò…ûù&„î)ÿ(îÄ3ù÷
û î)ý ý&lù£ˆ5ð5û ðùû î)ý|ŠXî+ûûpò#ýññqò…ø^ýöpîLúúáòû ñƒ^õÜî)û=žùúáøpÿ(î)ûðöò;ïñý‹Š'ù$
x - Ö 1 [ ò‚œ#ø : X * ¦ýñ›úáùÿ)ÿ Ö - J&îL›òï¯ùû î“ò¼„^ò7ÿ(ý‹ŠHûò¼qøîLýö5ùÿ 1 ô
 î)û=îL ûpò¼ˆðûð5ùû î)ý ûòýñƒ û=òÜø2]îL7ùÿ¸øîû ðpñòÜîLzòfûî(ñqò7ÿ˜öîd`!ò7ñqò…¯û3ôŒà_òñò$‘
ýò_ùÿ)ÿ(ý‹Š'¦ýñˆ5ðûð5ùûî(ýÈîLˆûpò_öòî+ûøñýþÿ(òô[™›ò…ý‘#ûpò_öîýñqöò7ñqò7ö#qûùû ò‹îý
ÿ(ý&ïò7ñ7ýúýïò…pò7ýðõÝî+ûŒîL qù½ýðø Þý&Dˆ5ð5û ðùû î)ý7ô7ÁÂýpò&‘2ý‹Š?òòñ…‘#ù
ò7ñùïò?ý‹òñ
ù‹ÿ)ýïPòýðï¼ø^ò7ñqî(ýö;ý&5ûî(úò&‘û=ò…;û=òzøîû ðpñòüùøø!ò7ùñ=Kû ý„^ò¿ýúýïòò7ýð57ô7™›fð‘
îL ûòžˆ5ðû ð5ùûî(ý ûòýñƒ û=ò#ò7ñƒ=öòþQî)ûî(ý ý&üû=òöpîLýñöòñò7ömqûùû òîÞöpdî `!ò7ñò¯û
¦ñýú û=ò¤úò3ù&#÷ þ5ò7ÿ)öœýòõ=î+û˜îÈýû0ù9ýúýïò…pò7ýð”qûùû ò&‘M„ðpû ùKqûùû òŠXî+ûýð#û
û î)úáò
÷îöò7ø^ò…pöò…¯û'7ýúáø^ýòfûXî ûòÜöòî+û0øñýþÿ(òô
™›òžøñý„ù&„î(ÿ)î)ûˆû ýž7ñqò3ùûòžùˆðûð5ùû î)ýÇÓHÚ¼îzïîò…£„2
× ü /°- ² u ² ¯ 1 U þ ÓHÚ&Ó : Ú Ý
- ô 1
P
Š'òñò / ýð5öoòÿ ÷ýqîLqûò…¯û ÿ“9¦ñqýú¢ò…Ïjô - ô â r 1 ô®Áû=ò˜úò3ù&#÷ þ5ò7ÿ)öûpò7ýñS=û=ò
ù&5ùÿ(ýïýðEøñý„ù&„î(ÿ)î)ûUîKïîò’„2žûò ùúò?òÏfð5ùû î)ýŠXî+û ñqò7øÿ(ù&7òö’„2Jô7ÁhûKû ò…pö
û ýˆðpî)û‘jù$'J”– ½¦ýñ P ècP B ² ¯
‘Qî)ï5ùÿ)îLïÞûòÜîL5qûù$„î(ÿ)î)ûý&/ qð‡¤ùµˆ5ð5û ðùû î)ý³ôÁ
ûpòˆ5ðû ð5ùûî(ýœû=ò7ýñƒ‘_ù&˜òÏjô - ô â r 1 =pý·Š'‘ e g_ïýûpñýðï&˜Ä7ò7ñqýùûû=ò
û»½™Uô'™›ò ûñ ù&5î)ûî(ýHý]…7ðpñ=£#î(ùyùöîd`!ò7ñqò…¯û / úáò ‡5ù&îú&ô k¸òû ðǏýqî(öòñ&û=ò
öîýñqöò7ñqò7öø55ù&òô.ÈûòXû òúáø^ò7ñùû ðñqò_öpò…7ñqò3ù&qò…‘pûò±ñòýñqúùÿ)îLďò7ö¼û òúáø^ò7ñùû ðñqò /
ùÿýÜöò…ñò7ù&òzù&öˆûò±øñqý„5ù&„î)ÿ(î+ûÞûýñò3ùû ò_ù¼ˆ5ð5û ðùû î)ýŠXî)û P 6è P B ² ¯Èïñý‹Š' - Š?ò
ŠXî(ÿ)ÿ&ýû‰7ýqî(öòñ¹Šüù
ò
÷Âò…ûýñ=Ýù
Šüù
½¦ñqýú¬û=ò7ñî+û î3ùÿ$=òÿ(ÿqîLò¦ýñ³ûòúÒyî¹úáùÿ(ÿ
ùûÝù&2Üû ò7úø^ò7ñ ùû ðñqò 1 ôŽ.îL¯û òñò…û îïʦò7ùû ðñqò?ý$5ò…Ïjô -! ô“ 1 î¸û5ùûÝî)ûKù&ƒ7ñî„!òAû=òÉùúò
øñqý„5ù&„î)ÿ(î+ûû ó
ý iaj€j#û=ò¼Šüù
ò
÷Âò…ûýñ=ʦñýú û=òñî+û îL7ùÿ ƒò7ÿ)ÿ‘5îLpöò7ø^ò…öpò…¯û ÿ“0ý&Ýû=ò7î)ñ
ýñqî(ò…¯û ùû î)ý³ô™›fð…‘AûòñòˆîL i"$#%'&()#€g e.ðpúµ„!òñÜý&Ɉ5ð5û ðùû î)ýžùÿ(ÿÝý&Š'pîL‡mù‹ò
ûpòÊùúáò±øñqý„5ù&„î)ÿ(î+ûû ý„!ò±ò‚œBî)û òö³ô.ÈûòXû ñù&qî)û î)ý¼û òúáø^ò7ñùû ðñqò_îlùøøñýù&‡ò7öý‘
ù=ÿ(ùñïòÇfðúµ„^ò7ñáý&qð‡ ˆ5ðû ð5ùûî(ý5#ŠXî(ÿ)ÿ›„!òÇ7ñqò3ùûò7öºñòýÿ“îLï ûò û ò…pöò…‚yûý
òø5ùñùû ò;û=*
ò ù$+
ö úýýúò7ñƒ7ô¼à_ý‹Š?òò7ñ…‘¸û=ò…qòµˆ5ðûð5ùûî(ýPùñòµpýûUðûù&„pÿ(ò&‘
„ðpû5ù
òù&þQpî)û òÿ(ò÷ û î(úòò‚ò~ùûÜû¬
ò û¼»½™Uô‰™›òñò‚¦ýñò$‘Kûpòöîýñqöò7ñqò7ömûùûòî
ûpòµ#î7îî)û&ý&[ûp
ò û¼»½™ 7ù&x„!ò’îð5ùÿ)îLďò7ö ù&UùÍqðø!òñø^ýî+û î)ý¤ý&?ù˜ÿ ùñïòðpúµ„!òñ
ý&Ýñ ù&öpýúáÿ“˜ýñqî(òfûò7öšˆ5ðûð5ùûî(ý›Š'î‡ùøø^ò3ùñ_ù$ö™öî ùøpø!ò7ùñ7ô™›òÏfðòqûî(ý îL…‘
Š'5ùûüöñî“ò…?ûòʃ]qûò7ú ûýµ7ñqò3ùûòUùÞû î)úáò
÷îöò7ø^ò…pöò…¯ûüøpñýþ5ÿ)ò&‘]î7ò‹û=ò½fðúµ„^ò7ñ?ý&
6b)
Ç7ý¯ûù$ûEî¸ùÿ(ñqò3ùöBPñòöðò7öÞù&öUûò[òò7ñqï&Uï¯ùø¼„^òûŠ?ò7òÞûpîL, ƒ„^ýî)ÿ(îLpïÉýð-ø Xý&
ˆ5ðû ð5ùû î(ý&·ù&pöûò?ø!òñƒ¦òûŒýñqöò7ñKîLŽúáùÿ(/ÿ .͙›òzù&5ƒŠ?ò7ñ·îKñùûòñ7û ñ ùî(ï¯û=¦ýñƒŠlùñö³ô
ðøpø!ýqòžû=5ùûXûpò¶S]qû òú 5ùö&ø5ù&=qò7ö&ûñqýðï0ûîò û»½™úŠXî+ûýðpûM7ñò7ùû îïùˆûî(úò÷
îLpöò7ø^ò…öpò…¯û¼7ýúø^ýò…¯û7ô™›ò ‘ ¦ðñûòñÜù‹Šlù
¦ñqýú û=
ò û»½™‘!û=ò¼øñý&„5ù&„î)ÿ(î)û ûý
7ñqò3ùûò#pòŠ ˆ5ðû ð5ùû î(ý&Þöpò…7ñqò3ù&qò… - î)û¼ù&î=ò;ù&
0 – ½aÌK‘ÝîL|7ÿ(ù&=qîL7ùÿ·ûòýñƒ 1 ô
™›ò+qýÿ)ö-Ȉ5ðû ð5ùûî(ý5Üû=5ùûÞùøø^ò3ùñò7ö|ò7ùñUûò û»½™k5ù
òù þQî+û ò¼ÿ(ò÷ û î(úò;ù$ö
ŠXî(ÿ)ÿ·öî ùøø^ò3ùñ7ô ý‘Eûòýÿ“Šlù‹ ûýdžò7ò7ø=û
ò %ù&1
ö NöpýúùîLqò7ø5ùñùû òöîÜûý
7ñqò3ùûò¼ð‡™ù%ýúø!ýpò…¯û±ý&Kû=òÜöò…5î)û0øpñýþ5ÿ)òPû5ùûXöý#ò'ýûM‡5ù&ïòžî û î(úòô
ÁhûÜîLUùÿLý͏ÿ(ò7ùñ‹ûùûPûp
ò û¼»½™âûò7úø!òñ ùûðñò¼îPÿ(ý‹Š?ò7ñPî¤ûòµˆ5ð5û ðùû î)ý¤ûòýñƒ
î7òUû=ò¼7ñî+û î3ùÿ!úáýöò…zñqò7öð57òÜûòùÿ(ðpòUý&Kû=òÜýñöpò7ñXø5ùñùúáòû òñ7ô
Ҕ¸ÀÓDº
[ ‚ò œ#ø Ü u
Ž32Ž› “ƒÈ Œ ’54è‹ G‘‘ ’56’ ç ’~“7 zæ “ƒÈ Œ 4 Œ ‰ ›8æ ’ Œç “ƒÈ Œ@ ž \:9
; ¨ ©´Ÿª ¥&þ ¡ ²ž­ ­™¥&ý£¥
°&¥s©ý¦ © ²ö¤Ÿª­ ©M³G¥&ýmª¾©´Ÿªb²#³G¥…ª½¨v©7±«©ª¥…²ž¨Ÿ±µ°
©³±’¨®­ª¥s©À¥²#¨®­=< ¥_©´£¥
¨ © ´Ÿª þ ª.±µ¨ ª° ¤ © ´Ÿª½²ž³¦
_à òñò›Š?ò'Šlù&¯û[û ýUòúáøù&îÄ7òüûpò±ñqýÿ(òlý&ˆðûð5ùû î)ýŒî¼ýðñ·ûpò7ýñSô7=ò±ùñòzïýîLï‹ûý
=pý·ŠHûùûzîûò p5ý†,†òñ÷Ð[ÿ(ù&‡†ò…Ïfð5ùûî(ý #ô â îüñòøÿ ù&ò7ö̈́2 ùÞöòûò7ñúîLpîLqûîL±ýò$‘
ûpòÜû=ò7ýñƒÈŠXî)ÿ(ÿ ýû'„!òžù&„ÿ)òPû ýöîLƒ7ñqî(úîL5ùû- ò.„^ò1 ûŠ?ò7ò¤ödî `!ò7ñqò…¯û±ýñî)ò…¯ûùû î(ý&7ô õ5ùû
¦ýÿ)ÿ(ý‹Š'ƒýðÿ)öKýû’„!ò#7ý5î(öpò7ñòö~ù&¼ù™øpñýý&›„ðpû…‘·úýñòáÿ(îL†ò7ÿ“‘·ù$;ù&Dî)ÿ(ÿ)ðqûñ ùûî(ý
ûùû'5ù&Xïòò7ñùÿ ¦ò3ùûðñò7ô
k¸òû[ðýî)öò7ñ·Vù kAù$ïòî¼ò…Ïfð5ùûî(ý¼òÏðpîùÿ(ò¯û·û ýPû=ò p5ý†,†ò7ñB÷ÑЌÿ ù$‡†òÏðùû î)ý
- ô â 1 ôÁÂ[Š?ò¶ý‹ŠNñòúáý‹òžû=ò¼ýîLqòPû òñúš‘î)ûXñqò3ùö
ÕÓ í Ó
U ACB
ÕÖ ° ø?> tÛ @ > Ó
- ô* 1
Ø
Š'òñò ù&‚
û½ùïòñáúý„î)ÿ(î)û Û @ ödî `!ò7ñƒ¦ñýú Û îyØ òÏ^ô - ô â 1 ù&pD
ö ACB~î;û
ò k¸ò7îL„pÿ(ò7ñ
à‹ùúáî)ÿ)û ý&î ù& - òÏ^ô - óô 1=1 ŠXî)û=ýðp7û A 6 ù$F
ö E t ½pôŽiqî(úî(ÿ(ùñ!òÏfð5ùû î)ý¼Šüù&Ž7ý&î)öò7ñqò7ö
îL˜¸×ó º ô®™›òñò˜û=ò ùðpû=ýñƒ¼ðòöyùà‹ùúî(ÿ+û ýî(ù&®ŠXî)û= }
U ½ù$öo=ý‹Š?ò7ö
ûùû¼ îLmqû ò7ùö5oûùûòûpò˜ûòýñƒøñòöîLûµ„^ýûýñî(ò¯ûùûç î(ýt žû ç ý®„^t ò˜ò…Ïfð5ùÿ(ÿ9qû ù&„ÿ)ò
ùû0ùÿ(ÿM=ò7ùñ ñ ùûò…ôO™›î˜îL”ýûÍqðñøñqîLqîLïKqîLò¤ûòî(ñû=ò7ýñƒœöpý#òÈýû͏ý¯ûùî
ˆ5ðû ð5ùû î(ý&üù&pöáûpòPù&ïðÿ ùñÈöòø!òöò…57òUý&³û=òʦýðñqû=#÷ýñqöò7ñòñqûò‚œ#¦ðûî(ý ê b
ûpòûŠlý îïñqò7öî)ò…¯û±û5ùû.Šlòñò¼ùñqïðòö¤û ýȄ^òµ7ñqð7î(ùÿAîL¤ò@œpøpÿ ùîîLïûòýñî)ò…¯ûùM ûî(ý
øòýúò…5ùǸ‘aó qƺ ô
Áýñöpò7ñ‹ûýÈòø5ùñ ùû òû=ò…qò;ûŠlý0sò `!ò…û½Š?òµ†òò7øûpò¼ù&ïðpÿ ùñ_öò7ø^ò…öpò…òî ê
U t G ½ 1 ‘B„pðpûlð5ò‹û=ò_öpòû òñúîLîqûîLXò…Ïfð5ùûî(ý !- ô? 1 ô7òM¦ýÿ(ÿ)ý‹ŠtûpòPùøøpñý¯ù&‡áM ý&
-¸‘ó }@º5‘ ù$H
öˆöò7ñqîò±ù&ˆùúáøÿ)î)ûðöòlòÏfð5ùû î)ý¦ñýúoò…Ïjô ô? ù&ƒðúîLïÜù½qîLïÿ(òüøÿ(ù&ò
÷Šlù‹ò
öç ò î+ç û øñýþ5ÿ(òô™›òqýÿ(ð#û î(ý& ý&Kû=îLzòÏfð5ùû î)ý&îL-! 1
} %ÂU
:
Ö
Ò
}
Ý
ô?Å 1
Ý - Ö 1 t Ü Ý -½ 1 U ° ÅÒ - Ö 1 × ¯ * ¿J:I - J 1 Ò : - J 1
- 1
ù&ö
I - Ö 1 t ° âKJ ê V ç } ° ¯ ç U Z » Ò - Ö 1 t ò‚œ#ø u × ¯ * ¿J - J 1 » J U Ä ßU Ä u Ö Ä ß U Ä /U
Ö- 1 - ° J 1 J U u J ç ê u â t
t °- > F 1 °
Š'òñòµÝ|î±û=ò¼ùúøÿ)î)û ðpöò&‘ J t - u 6ƒ1 6 ‘³ù&ö ûò¼ùúáøÿ)î)ûðöòžù&ö¤û=òðpî)û_ý&
ÿ(òïû= ù$ö&ûî(úòUùñqò¶ƒ3ùÿ)ò7ö£ŠXî)û= Á 6 ¯
‘ Á L 6 ù&ö L - Û @ U6 1 ‘5ñqò…qø!òû î“òÿô=ò
òò?û=5ùûAûò?ò…Ïfð5ùûî(ý„!ò7ýúò…[ƒúáúòûçñîŠXî+ûÞñò…qø!òû·ûý_û=ò?î¯û ò7ñƒ‡5ù&ïò Ä >,M Ä / ô
™›fð…‘Üò‚ò…vîL ûò øñòò7òDý$ûpòù&pïðÿ ùñ öò7ø^ò…öpò…òDîL
î)û0î0î(úø!ýƒî„ÿ(ò
û ýöîqû îïðî=š„!òûŠlòò…¤û=òÞøùñ ùÿ)ÿ(òÿ¸ù&ö ø!òñø^ò…öî7ðÿ(ùñ±ýñî)ò…¯ûùM ûî(ê ý5›qûùñqû îï%¦ñýú
ò…Ïjô -! ô? 1 ô™›ò¶2öñýö5]5ùúîL¼7ýññòûî(ýzûýˆû=ò¶=ò7ùñXñ ùûò&‘5ò…Ïjô - #ô â Å 1 ‘5öýžýûMò7ÿ)ø
ò7î+ûòñ7ô
ž \Ë Ç±Èš‰ƒ‹y“ ŒoŽ ‹È ‘ ’…ÇƉ ç ‹š’…Ç"“ œàŠŒ,zæ “ƒÈ Œ@ ’ Œ"› “o‰o“ƒ’ › ‰ ç “  ‰ ›±‘ ’~“6’ @›±‘
 ò„^ò7ÿ)î(ò‚ò;ûùûžùûòýñƒŠXî)ûpýðpû½ˆ5ð5û ðùû î)ýUý&[ûpò¼ýñöòñUø5ùñùúáòû òñUîL½ýû

3ùø5ù&„ÿ)òý&Œöpò…=ñî„îLïáûòÞýñî)ò…¯ûùûî(ýùÿ³û ñù&î+û î)ý7ô'™›òñòˆùñqòÞø5ò…ýúáò5ù”Š'ò7ñqò
ˆ5ðû ð5ùû î(ý&ÝýpÿÜúý#öî“áPûpòlöòû ò7ñqúáîîLû ^ò…ù‹î)ýðñ›¸ì'ó]‘] ó&Å$º ô à_ý‹Š?òò7ñ…‘û=òüýñqî+÷
ò…¯û ùû î)ý5ùÿ,„^ò…5ù
î(ýðpñ·ðöòñ =pò3ùñŽˆ5ý‹Šyöpý#ò ýû7„!òÿ(ýï±û ý‹û=îL[7ÿ(ù&=Ký&5øòýúò…5ùB‘
ù&öš5ù&±ùµˆ5ðû ð5ùû î(ý&5ùÿ³ýñqî(ïî³ô
N
½ª ©É´Ÿ±µ¨£¥…­ªþ ²%¯”© ´Ÿª ²ž³G¥…ª¨¬©7±«©À¥²#¨Ÿ±’°©³±’¨®­ª¥s©À¥²#¨®­ ®
¨ ¨£¤Ÿª³
­à©7ª½±è¤¦ ­ ´Ÿª½±µ³
ÁýðñUûòýñƒ ûpòáýñqî(òfû ùû î)ý5ùÿKû ñ ù$î+û î(ý&Üùøø^ò3ùñÞù&žù ñqò…qðÿ)ûžý&›‡ù&ïòîLû=ò
ˆ5ðû ð5ùû î(ý&Íø^ò…ûñðúb3ùðqò7ö£„2˜ûpò½=ò7ùñ¿ˆ5ý‹ŠÜôŒà_òñò½Š?òžöpîL=ð=üû=ò„^ò…5ù
î(ýðpñüý&
ûpò¶ñî+û îL7ùÿˆðûð5ùû î)ýXðöpò7ñ'=ò7ùñ7ô
pÝî(ñƒqû[Šlòüî¯û ñýöðòüù&¼î¯û ò7ñù&ûî(ý„!òûŠlòò…ˆö‡î `òñò…¯û ˆðûð5ùû î)ý ûpòÞödî `!ò7ñ[„,
ûpò7î(ñ¸ýñî(ò¯ûùûî(ýPý&ÿ 1 ôŽÁhûEîL¸ý&„,î)ýð³ûùûEî#ùzöýúáùîLUñqîL‡ÜîLý‘‹ ù
‘ûòO- mýúáø^ýò¯û
îLÊ7ñqò3ùûò7ö ‘³û=ò…ûpò;øñý&„5ù&„î)ÿ(î)û0ý$lù$ýûpò7ñ l÷öýúùî ûý̈́!òµñò7ùû òö|pò‚œûUû ý˜î+ûPî
î)ïò7ñÜûpò…Dî“lûpýòûŠ?ý¤öýúùîŠlòñòÈqò7ø5ùñ ùûò7öK„2ù ÿ ùñïòˆöîqûù$7òôÇÁDýûòñ
Š?ýñö‘pûpò‹øñqý„5ù&„î)ÿ(î+û¼û ý’ñò7ùû ò‹ûŠ?ý¼øÿ(ù&òʊlù
ò…‘Q7ý& - ² ¯‡ªó } Qø P$1 ù$öÈ7ý& - ² ¯‡ó U Qø P$1 ‘
ŠXî)û=oóª}Ǖ”ó U îL’pî(ïòñÞû=5ù&K¦ýñ’óÀ}µ—ló U ô - ʒŠlò̓ý‹Šlòö~îLI)É5ùøpû òñ â ûîî
ýû±û ñqðò¼¦ýñ±ùÿ(ÿ³ûýø!ýÿ(ýïî)ò…üý$Œø!ýÿúáòñzúáýÿ(ò…ðÿ(ò - òè
ò pÝî)ïðñqò… â ô â ù&pö â ô ) 1=1 ô¿™›î
„^ò…5ù
î(ýðpñ¼îL;ûøîL7ùÿɦýñ¼öpîL„ÿ)ýB‡†|7ýø^ýÿ“#úò7ñƒ7ô 1 ™›îLˆù$ƒúáúòûñƒKŠlù&ˆîL¯ûñýöð7òö
îL¯ûýˆû=ò¶à‹ùúî(ÿ+û ýpî ù&áîL ò…Ïjô - #ô“ 1
}-0è » è U » u è } » u è U 1 t uL ü è ö } ø è ö U þ U »  0 ç
ç
à_òñòPû=òúáùÿ(ÿ^ø5ùñùúòû òñ  ñqòˆ5òû=Xû=òPû òöò ý$Žˆðûð5ùû î)ýüûý7ÿ(ð5qû òñ7ô™›î
¦ò3ùû ðñqò˜ùøø^ò3ùñ=Þûý„^ò”ñðî ùÿÈîL=ò‚œ#øÿ ùîLîï ûò˜ýñî(ò¯ûùûî(ý5ùÿÝû ñù&î+û î)ý7õîzýpò
î(ï&ýñò³ûòŒî¯û ò7ñù&ûî(ý5¹„!òûŠlòò…ˆðûð5ùû î)ýEù&pöqòû  ½5‘ ûòÞî+û¸îL¹pýûEø!ý&=î„ÿ(ò
û ýˆöîqûîLïðpîL=̈́^òûŠ?ò7ò¤ö‡î `òñò…¯û±ýñqî(ò…¯û ùû î)ý - ò7òžò…Ïjô - #ô?t a q 1 ‘¦ýñzò‚œpùúøÿ)ò 1 ô
™›òîL5ˆ5ðpò…òý$lûpòî¯û ò7ñù&ûî(ý  ýûòˆò…Ïfðî)ÿ(î„ñî)ðú øpñýø^ò7ñû î(òUîLŠ?ò3ù&†jôžÁhû
öýò…ýû‡5ù&ïòûò#Ïfð5ùÿ(î+ûùûîòž„^ò…ù‹î)ýðñ¶„ðpû;î7ñqò3ù&qò…žû¬
ò û¼»½™ û ò7úø^ò7ñ ùû ðñqò
- qò7v
ò pKî(ïôÔÅpô? 1 qîLòî+ûîò3ù$î(òñÞûýŸ7ñqò3ùûò ù û î)úáò
÷îöò7ø^ò…pöò…¯û;øùñqûý&üûpò˜öò…5î)û
øñqýþ5ÿ(òîzûpòÍ7ñî+û î3ùÿˆ5ðû ð5ùûî(ý55ù
ò&ù - Š?ò3ù&† 1 ûò…öòûý ùÿ(î)ïîDûòÍùúò
öî)ñò…û î)ý³ô
µ_ý‹Š Š?ò_ûðñ=ˆû ýÜûòMý÷ò…Ïfðî)ÿ(î„ñî)ðúO„^ò…ù‹î)ýðñ7ô7Ááûpò_øñqò…qò…ò‹ý&îL¯û òñ ù&û î(ý&
„^òûŠ?ò7ò…®ˆ5ð5û ðùû î)ý‹û=ò;úýqûM8ù
ýðñù&„ÿ)ò;ýñî)ò…¯ûùû î(ý& ý&[ÿ(ùúò7ÿ(ÿ(ùò¼7ýñqñòø^ýö‹ûý
ûpò˜öî(ñqò…û î(ý&mŠXî)û=DûòÈpî(ïòqû¼öpò…qî)ûDý$Mˆðûð5ùû î)ýô|ÁòÏfðî(ÿ)îL„ñqî(ðú û=òȈ5ð
÷
û ðùû î)ý;ùñò˜öîqûñîL„pðpû òöDðýñúÿ î è ÷qø5ù&ò - šô ¯¼îLò…Ïjô - #ô“'ó 1 îîLqýû ñqýøî 1 ù$ö
ùÿ)ÿAýñî(ò¯ûùûî(ý_ùñqòîLqý#òò7ñqïòûîLôCUMöò7ñ.=ò7ùñ‹ûpòˆ5ðû ð5ùû î(ý&Ÿø^ò…û ñðpú „^ò…ýúáò
ù&îýûñýøpîL+
ô ûUðpñžïý¯ùÿ·îPû ý0þQö=ù0öpî(ñòûî(ý®ŠXî)û=ûò%î)ïò…ûžöò…qî)û ý&Œˆ5ðû ð5ù'÷
û î)ýô¿Á™ýû=ò7ñMŠlýñö‘HŠ?ò;ùñqòžûñƒîLpïûýúîLî)úáîÄ7ò‹û=ò¶ˆðûð5ùû î)ý™î¯û ò7ïñ ùÿ ¦ñýú
ò…Ïjô - #ô“‹Å 1 ‘Qî7òUûpòžî¯û ò7ñù&ûî(ý î£Ïðpò…qûî(ý&îLzïîòDŽ2 î+û  ÷øùñqû7ô
Ž3RŽ”‘ “ Œ ‰ ‘ È Œ ‰ 
ž \;
S7T
ky
kx
UT
ky
kx
pWVYX[Z-\^] /_ [ ` a \bZ-c a Z-\^]edgfc aih \WVkj a -]6Ïob 4l-m f"j]eZ-j-n]o\ a ]'fnpµƒ-]'f"\ _ q\=„-V a \if\bprZ-j-V a _
f 1 s]'f&†[tÂ=-]of"\q\b]oX[VYu]$‘]Ï _L- _wv r 1yx „ 1 a \ h j-Xzt=]'f"\{\b]oX[VYu]$‘-]…Ï _L- _ a½ 1|_
ž \;A ±Ç Ț‰ƒ‹y“ ŒoŽ ‹È ‘ ’…ÇƉ ç ‹š’…Ç"“ œàŠŒ,zæ “ƒÈ Œ@ ’ Œ"› “o‰o“ƒ’ › ‰ ç “  ‰ ›±‘ ’~“6’ @›±‘
qU j-n]o\¼Še]of&†Ÿ=]'f"\¼ˆ h Š a -]ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h jx ]oc a \bZ-u}VL h j pŸ VYX a p~u h n-V€)]onVYj
hc u l f\^VL h j¼Š,V a a -]O]…ÏZ-V m V„-\^VYZ-u h j] - b]o]cWp VkX l _‚/_€ƒ f 1|_ ™›]en-]„m j^V a m p h d5ˆ)m Z-c a Z)f a V h jWVYj
a ](… h \ a Vkc„V a pqn-Vk\b]oc a V h j - a -](†zt‡n-Vk\b]oc a V h j 1 \^]„uˆ² fVkj7f m u h a‰a -]if"uŠ](f&‹VYjr]ÏZ-V m VL„-\bVkZ-u _
™›-] n]ojbV a p h d½ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h j#Š,V a P ècP t Œ
¯ Vkj a -]šˆ h Šcb X[\ifn-Vk]„j a Ïob f"j]~V
\^]„n-Z-c„]onŽVkjc h u l f\^VL h jŸŠ,² V a a -]]ÏZV m V„-\^VYZ-u l ]oc a \^Zu _ à h Še]y…[]o\‘ - a -]45n-1]„l-jm ^V a p h d
ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h jŠ,V a P ècP t ¯ -ƒ,‘“’ž1 ‘ ’ 0 ƒ Vkj a -]%if"uŠ] l-m fj-]*VL”]oj5)f"j-c„]on _ ™›-]
ŠefQ…"]yt!…[]oc aih \ƒ•d–\ h u=fž„)f"j-n—f"\ h Z-j-n a -]˜c„\^V a Vkcof m ƒ-] mYm Š,V a ² / t Š
½ c'f"jŸ„™]¶ a \b] a c‡-]on
h \šc h u \^]=^]„n£„p a -]½ˆ h Š¼‘-f"j-nCVYd a -]„p” ]oj-n›fFc h j^VYn-]o\^f&„ ] a VYu] Vkjˆc h u f"\bVL h j
Š,V a a l ]˜\^] m fƜf a V h j a VYu] 1 VYj a -]˜…Vkc„Vkj-V a p l h d a ]Fco\bV a VYc'f m ƒ-]m mYm ‘ a -]yp - l f"\ a VkcoV l l f a ]HVYj
a ]H]„j)f"j-c„]ouŠ]oj a”h d a -]¼ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h j—n-]„j^V a p _ ™›-]¶ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h j~n-]ojbV a p h j h j-]¶^Vkn]
h d a - ]co\^V ² a VYc'f m ƒ-] mYm VL m V a^a m ]„-V a buˆf mkm ]„\ a )fj a -f a VYjs]ÏZ-V m VL„-\bVkZ-uœf"j-n ‘ a -]„\^]yd h \^]$‘
d h \ è t ¯ î / _ ™›- ]o\b] f"\b]&‘É h Š]„…"]o\‘ a Š h bZ-c‡žc h j a \^V„-Z a V h jŠf"jn a ]~n-]„j^V a p h d
ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h jqVYj a -]«Ïob 4Clm f"j-]Hf l-l ]'f\= a^h „™] m f"\^X[]„\ a )f"j~Vkj a -]˜†ztŸn-VY\^]„c a V h j _¶- ™›-]
f"\bV a u] a Vkc V ^ VYu ] Z h ^] a -f a¡a ]š]…ÏZ-V VL„\^VkZu¢n-]ojbV a p&‘f&7Š] f& a ]šn-]oj5^V a p
Vkj a - ]£†ztŸn-VY\^]„c a V h j K‘ lVm ¤ _X[VY…"]ol-j%l K„ p+ÏU ² _ U ™›² U- ]£n-]ojb V a pm VYj a -]@Ïob 4Flm f"j-]{V¤X[mkVY…"m ]ojž„Kpž Ï u ‘
Š'-]„\^] VL l \ h l h \ a V h j)f m aih F ö ß ö > - ^]„]Œ]…Ï _L- _ q2 1ƒy1 _ û½„K…V h Z5 m p&‘ Ï u W Ï1d h \
Ï /h eŠ ]Š]‚œ ]oc aa ) f a Vkj a - ]]'f"\ p a fX[]… h d a - ] h \^Vk]„j a f a V h j®b ] ]„c a V h j a - Ø ]
†zt‡c¥rh ¥ u l Ø h _?1 j-]oj ah d a -]ql n]ojbV a p l \ h  m ]›Š,V mYm n-m Vif ² l-l ]'f\ _ ™›-]q\^]„uˆf"VYj-VkjX^] m ]oc m a Ø V h jˆVkj a -]
ÏoØ b 4l-m f"j-]ŠVL¶^ Vku l-m ]"`’b Vkj-c„]ˆj h u h n-]%,Š V a ß t G ½~cof"jK™„ ] a VkuŠ]ytŸVYj-n-] l ]„j-n-]oj a ‘ a - ]
m fu.] mk m fa \ - l ]½- ƒf&- ^ ]'] f"h\\^\iVYf]oaj ]¦a VYj-l cof\b\i]'f f&mYb m ]]…m…‘aih”a - a ] ]qh X[b \^V f"a n-V h VY]ojj a h n-d Vka \b- ]oc] a V h ]'jèf&†,b š a VY- j ] a l f"]½\if a mkm\^] Z-m c h a \bZ-Vk\b]„]¦j a dgff"ac Va^h h j \…‘_
l u a ]eco\bV a Vkc'f =- l ] à h Š ]„…"]o\…‘ a - ] \ h )„ f&„ V V a p
² ²¯
h
a
h
‘
"
u
[
…
O
]
–
d
Z
\
o
]
W
\
‹
f
Š
e
'
f
H
p
–
d
\
aih t c„\^]of §- a ƒ]r‘Šf’’žˆ)1Z-c a Z)f a V h j£Š,V a fµŠefQ…"]yt!…[]oc aih \£j h"a c m h m b] aihmkm!_ ² ¯,VLš]@œ a \^]„u] m p”l ^uf mkm - m ^]„]
]…Ï _L-!/_€ƒ·1ƒ1y_ ™›- ]o\b]„d h \b]&‘ a - ]„\^]¼,Š V mYm „ ]¼b Z-c‡ f%=- ]of"\,\if a ] F •%¨ :‘ f a Š'- Vkc‡ a - ]n-]„j^ V a p h d
ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h j¦ VYj a - ]«Ïob f"j],Š V „ ]„c h uŠ]’b uˆf ]„\ a ) f"j a - ]F]…Ï Z-V V-„ \^VYZ-u h j-] ^ ]„]
pWVYX _w_Yƒ „ y1 _ .qfŠ\b]…bZ m a 4‘ a l--m ] m f"uŠ] mYmYm m f"\ l \ h  m ]”\^] h \^mYVYm ]oj a qf m h j-X a -]… h m \ a VYcoV a pCn-Vk\b]oc a - V h j
b a - ] l ]o\ l ]„j-n-Vkc„Z m f\ h \^VY]oj a f a V h j _
/h ‘ Vkj a - ]qf&„b ]oj-c„] h d h"a - ]o\(dgf"c aih \ƒ…/‘ f a m h Š˜=- ]of"\e\^f a ] a - ] m f"uŠ] mkm f"] h \bVk]„j a ,Š V a a ]oVk\ej h \^uf ml f"\if mkm ] m a^ha - ]”X[\^f"n-VY]oj a n-Vk\b]oc a V h j -‘ f"jn~f a - VkX&Í=- ]of"\,\if a ]…6 b l f"\^f mkm ] m
aiha - ]˜… h \ a Vkc„V a p~n-Vk\b]oc a V h j _ ™›- ]c„\ h ƒ§ t h …"]o\= ]'f"\”\^f a ] F •%¨ m f&™„ ] m a ]µ„ ]„X[Vkjj-Vkj-X h d
a ]M a \ h j-X¶^ Z l-l \^]…ƒ^ V h j h d a ]qc„\^V a Vkcof m )ˆ Zc a Z-f a V h jO f"j-nŠc h \b\^] l h j-n aih f a VkuŠ]ytÂ^ cof m ]
c h u l f\if&„ m ].,Š V a a - ]n-V‡`‰Zb V h j a VkuŠ] _
µ h"a ]&‘ a ) f aqh Z-\qu h n-] m h d a - ]rnpj)f"uŠVkc h d a - ] h \bVk]oj a f a V h jÇb ] m ]oc a V h j›VL, VYjÇ a \^V[† t
VkjX f"X[\b]o]„u]„j a ,Š V a + ]‚œ l ]„\^VYu]„j a f m h „^ ]„\b…f a V h j h d Z l a fXe_g$hXiajŒ¸Àa rƺ _ ™›- ]„\^] a - ]
f"Z a h \ƒ{ Z^ ]„n›\ƒ- ] h t h l a Vkcof m a ]oc‡- j-VÏ Z-]… aih ƒ h Š a ) f a f m VkX[ju]„j a l \ h co]„]on a - \ h ZX f
§dgf& a l \ h co]= d h mkm h eŠ ]„n9K„ pŽf©ƒ m h ,Š h j-] _ ŸÁ j a - ]Šc'f&b ] h d a ] l f\if mYm ] m h \^VY]oj a f a V h j
a ]„p h „b ]o\§…[]onˆfdgf$ a n-] l-m ] a V h j h d a - ]£†ztŸc h u l h j-]„j ah d a ] h \^Vk]„j a f a V h jn-V a \^VL„ Z a V h j ‘
d h mYm h eŠ ]„n”K„ pf"jŒVYu l \ h …[]ouŠ]oj ah d h \bn-]o\f m h j-X a - ]¦X[\^f"n-VY]oj a nVk\^]„c a V h j _ 3b VkuŠV m f\ l \ h t
co]=½eŠ f& h „5^ ]o\§…[]„nŽd h \ a ] l ]„\ l ]oj-nVkcoZ m f"\ h \^VY]oj a f a V h j£,Š V a VkjV a Vkf m n-] l-m ] a V h j h d a - ]
Ï-tŸc h u l h j]oj a Vkj a ]of"n _
™›- ]Fj-]@œ a ^ Z5„ ®b]oc a”h d h Z\qn-V^ c„Z=b V h j V a - ]O) t a \^f"j^ V a V h j _ ÊʝŠ ]µ^ ]„]&‘ a - ]˜uŠ]oc‡ t
f"j-V^ unVL^ c„Z=b ]onn h ]…£ j h"a ]@œ lm f"VYj a - ]H\b]'f ll ]of"\if"jco] h d a - ] l f"\if mYm ] m h \^VY]oj a f a V h j~f a
…[]„\bpÇ- VkX&ǃ- ]'f"\¦\if a ]… _ s ]’™„ ] m Vk]„…"] a ) f a£a - ]µO) t a \if"jb V a V h j›VL£ j h"a f"j—VYj a \^VYj^ VYc l \ h l t
Ž ªŽ GŒ"8S ’ ‘@ GŒ" “  ‰ ›±‘ ’~“ƒ’ › “ Œ è4 ‹ Œ" ‰o“ œ™šŒ
ž \n
]o\ a p h d a -]’§pB a ]„u „-Z a Vqcof"Z^]„nŸ„Kp›]‚œ a ]„\^j)f m dgf"c aih \ƒ _ ÁŸjx)É)f l a ]„\ v Še]^Z-X[X"]… a ]on
^Z‡c 1f"jŽ‚] œ a ]„\^j)f m dgf"c aih \„`r)jV a ]|t bLV Äo]*_] `‰]„c a ‘ h \u h \^] l \b]oc„VL^] m p&‘Wf"jsVkj a ]„\if"c a V h jx„]|t
a Š]o]oj a -¼] =]'f"\tŸco] mkm Šef mkm {Vkj a ]rX"\if"n-VY]oj a n-Vk\b]oc a V h j~fj-n a -] l h m pu]„\{u] m a _ Á‡d a -]
uf a ]„\^V«f h d a -]Šef \^]yd–]o\ƒ ]„…"]ojK VkX& a p h j] h d a -]*c h u h j-]oj a h d a ]ŠuŠ] a ‘
a ]oj1V a m Vkj-nZ-co] a -] mkm l f"l \if mkm ] m h - \^VY]oj a f a mV h j h m d 1 m fu] mkm f]ŠVYj a ]ˆ…l VkcoVYj-V a p h d a -]”Šef mkmm _
]”V a \ h j-X]„…VYn-]oj-c„ž] ¸ ƒ Årƺ a )f aa -]¦j-]'f"\Ât Šef mkm™l f"\^f mkm ] m h \bVk]„j a f a V h jˆ]@œ/VL a š]„…"]oj
-Vkj ™›a ]o\^ž
] ˆ h Š a h Šn=]'f"\H\if a …] ¶„ h"a a -]Šj)f a Z\if m h \bVk]oj a f a V h ®j ^] m ]oc a V h j$f"jn a -]
^Z\bdgf"c„]CVkj a ]„?_ 1\if"c a V h mK
j a &f „-V m LV Ą] a ] l f"\^f mkm ] m h \^VY]oj a f a V h j _ a -Vk&X K=-]of"\\if a …] a -…] b]
a Š ha ]oj-n]oj-c„Vk]… h l-l h b]C]'f"c‡ h"a -]o\\b]…^Z m a VYj-XVkj1j h j/t a \^V€…/Vkf m „])f'…/V h Z-\ _ µq]of"\ a -]
û»½™ a Ê] ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h j šf"\b.] a \ h j-X ‘/f"j-n a -]¦j)f a Z-\^f m a ]ojn-]oj-cyp a^h co\b]'f a ] a ] l ]o\ l ]ojt
n-VYcoZ m f"\ h \^VY]oj a f a V h Èj Š,Vkj _ Ê a -] a ]ou l ]o\if a Z-\b]rn]oco\b]'&f b…] ‘ a ¼] ˆ-Z-c a Z)f a V h šj a \b]oj-X a X h …] Šn h Š,j¬f"j-n a -š] ^Z\bdgf"c„]—Vkj a ]o\ifc a V h j % a &f „-V LV Ą] a -] f"\^f ] h \bVk]„j a f a V h j ™›-]
a ]„u l ]o\^f a Z\^] h d a -LV a \^f"j bV a V h j*Vkj-c„\^]o&f ^] š&f a -M] m =]'f"\\if a l ]£VYj-comk\bm ]'m &f b…] ‘5^VYj-co] a _ M] ˆ h Š
\^]„n-Z-c„]… a ]ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h jµ a \^]ojX a _ +] a -]„j*f"\^X[Z] a -f aWa -]o\b]šVL j h )Ot a \if"j5^V a V h jý‘$„-Z a
Vk5j a ]of" n ‘ a -]F\b]oX[V h j h d a &f „-V m V a pCd h \ a ] l ]„\ l ]oj-nVkcoZ m f"\ h \^VY]oj a f a V h Çj =-\bVkj †,„™]„p h j-n
a ]@] œ l ]o\bVkuŠ]oj a f m \^…] h m Z a V h j+&f a -#] ƒ-]'f\H\^f a ]ŠVkj-c„\^]o&f ^] - ^]o] pWVkX _wv/_ Å 1|_ s]Šc m fVku
a -f a{a -V '„] )f'…/V h Z-¿\ Še&f £uV ^Vkj a ]o\ l \^] a ]on›&f ,f"j~f"n-nV a V h j)f m a \^f"j ^V a V h j _
µ h ŠtŠe] a Z\^j aih$a -]c h j a \ h …[]„=\ ^Vkf ‚] œ ]o\bVkuŠ]oj a f h „b]o\b…f a V h 5j C\^]oX[f"\^n-VYj-X a -]
h \bn-]o\ h d l )f&b]…ŠVkj a ] l )f&b]~n-Vkf"X[\^f"u m _ .l Š]~n-V^c„m Z=b]onVYjIÁŸj a \ h n-Z-c a V h j ‘ h uŠ]
Š h =\ †,*\^] l h \ aa -o
] •–˜— a \ifj ^V a V h j­&f a -Í] ƒ-]'f\Š\^f a ]CVYj-co\b]'&f b…] Ǹ ‘ ‘ qƺF‘ŒŠ'V ]
h"a -]oƒ\ ”\^] l h \ a¦a ] h l-l h ^V a ] h j-£] ¸À&Å5‘¹ ⠑¹ ) ‘¹ ‘¹ar]‘ Ž5‘ýÅ ƒ ‘šqB‘ Åƺ v _ sƒ?v ] a ƒ Vkj † a )f m a
a …] ^]\b…] bZ m a ”c'f"xj „™]F‚] œ l-m f"Vkj-]„Ÿn Š,V a -Vkj h j-]Fd–\if"uŠ] Š h ƒ\ † _ s]˜d h Z-j-n a )f a•a -]Fco\ h =t
h …[]„\d–\ h u a -M] ^uf t a^h -VYX /t ƒ-]'f\O\^f a M] „™…] )f'…V h Z\ h coc„Z-=\ ef a
™›-]o\b]„d h \b]
a ] l h ^V a V h j h d a mY]¾m •–˜— a \if"j5^V a V h j©n-] l ]ojn h j a ] u h „-V F m V a •–p ¨ [ Û _ 5 Ûp h_ \ˆn-V„ m h c‡†,
Š]C…] a Vkuf a ]„n F •%¨ [ \ : é _ ™›-V FuŠ]'f"j a )f a d h \ m h j-X u h m ]„coZ m …] a -”
] Š]'$f †KÂt =-]of"\
h
a
a
h
a
a
a
a
"
h
a
l‚] œ f"\^f ]omk\bm Vk] uŠm ]oj \bVka ]of j p f V jˆ@] bœVkuŠV V {ff\•Vkn-@] œ]o£f \^]„Šeu&f ] m #p \ ^h uhf bmkm ]omnƒ-„K]'f"9p \{àq\^f Z-f"] j-{X f"j-fnˆj-Zn c'f"~j-j Z a Z „™†] Z-h u„f"bÈ\]o\b…"¸ ]on º
_ a - -Í] „™…] )f'm …V h Z\ h d a -] l û»½l ™ a ]„u ]o\^f a Z-\b] p h \ h"a -]o\u h ]ocoZ v[f"v \
®
Š,V la 1\^] l ]oc a*mYm a^h
f"\bc‡-V a ]oc a Z-\^] a -]u h „-V m V a pƒ h Z m nm„™]Š] a Vkuf a ]„nm^l ] l f"\^f a ] m ?_p1 ‘Ž„-Z ara ]X[]„j-]o\^f m m Vkn-m ]of
\^]„uˆfVkj a -¼] if"uŠ] _
® ª´Ÿ±¦ ¥² ¨®³§²%¯>© ´Ÿª ; ¥°¯ ©7ªVþ ¡ ª³±«©ª¨®³ª ¨®¨£¤Ÿª³ ­ ´Ÿª.±µ³
²<
x
ÁŸj±…] ÏZ-V m LV „\^VkZu a -]co\bV a VYc'f m ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h j m h Š]o\ a 
] û»½™ a ]„u ]o\^f a Z-\b®] „] h Š²V a uŠ]'f"j/t!)] m n˜…f m Z] _ Vkj-c„] a -]›ƒ-]'f"\ˆ h Š©Vkj a ]„\if"c a Š,V a a ]¿ˆ)Z-c a Z)lf a V h j(fj-n*c‡m)f"j-X[]
a ]oVk›\ l ]„c a \^Z-šu ‘)V a V {‚] œ l ]„c a ]on a )f a V a f m h ƒ-VYd a a -«] û»½™ a ]ou l ]„\if a Z-\^] _
p h 7\ a ]'fnp =]'f"\ a -]{Vkjco\^]o&f ^] h d a -4] û»½™ a ]„u ]o\^f a Z\^É] Še&f \b]on-VYc a ]„%n „p )šf a ] f"j-ón ~V m j-]„¼\ ¸ v Å$º³f"j-n m f a ]o\ h „^]„\b…[]„Ÿn „Kp´ h l-l cV e_g.hVl iajý¸ ƒ?v º _ ™›-]r…] l ƒ^]oj a V«f m‹l K]p ^VY…c h d
a LV OVkj-c„\^]'$f ^]•V VYj a .] ^Z l-l \^] =bV h j h d a -]¦c„\^V a Vkcof m ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h j _ a -VkX #=-]of"\e\^f a ] a ]”co\^V a VYc'f m ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h jšf"\^]½Š]'f&†Œf"j-n a -] a ]oj-n]oj-cyp aih Ššf\^n a ]rcb›
i^] l f"\^f a V h j
ž \;ˆ DZȚ‰ƒ‹y“ ŒoŽ ‹È ‘ ’…ÇƉ ç ‹š’…Ç"“ œàŠŒ,zæ “ƒÈ Œ@ ’ Œ"› “o‰o“ƒ’ › ‰ ç “  ‰ ›±‘ ’~“6’ @›±‘
VL¦\^]'f m VLĄ]onf"c„c h \bn-VkjX aihŒa ]ŠuŠ]'fj/t‡)] m nŸbco]„j)f"\^V h _ (]…)f'…V h Z\f a m h Š]o\ƒ-]'f"\”\^f a ]
^VYu lm p*]‚œ a \if l h m f a ]…Vkj#„] a Še]„]oj a Š hFa p l ]… h d a -] h \^VY]…o`[ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h j)f m - ]…ÏZ-V m VL„-\bVkZ-u 1
f"j-n›uŠ]'f"j/t!)] m n - a \ h j-X#ƒ-]'f\ 1y_
Uqj-n]o\ h bcoV f aih \§p ˆ h Š a -.] §p] a ]„u]‚œB-V„-V a eu h \^]qc h u Vkc'f a ]on#„])f'…V h Z-\ µ h Š
a ]o\^]Hf"\b] a Š h mkl m f"\if"uŠ] a ]oƒ\ …‘ a ]˜f"u l-m V a Zn-]”f"j-nd–\^]ÏZ-]oj-cyp‘ l-a m )f a VYj5ˆ)Z-]„j-co] a -]«_ û»½™
a ]„u l ]o\^f a Z\^] _ ÁŸj h \bn-]o\ aih c m f"\^V€d%p a -]oVY\(Vkj5ˆ)Z]oj-c„]&‘,Še]£c h j5^Vkn]o\f l h m puŠ]o\¡c‡-f"Vkj l f"\t
a VYcoV l f a VYj-XVkjŠco\b]'f a V h j h d7frn-]oj bV a %p ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h jˆVkj a -] Ïob 4*l-m f"j-] _ a m h Š¬f"u lm V a Z-n-]
f"j-n$d–\b…] ÏZ-]„j-c„p a -]Œ‡c -f"Vkmj Š,V mkmOl ]„\bd h \bu ^uf mkm tf"u l-m V a Z-n] h ^c„V mYm f a V h j½Š,V a 1\b]… l ]oc a
aihˆh"a -]„\”‡c )f"VYj l f"\ a VYcoV l f a VYj-XVYj a µ] if"uŠ’] ˆ)Zc a Z-f a V h j _ ™›-V .Š,V mYm m VYX a m p~nLV a^h \ a
a ’] ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h jfj-n a ] û¼»½™ a ]ou l ]„\if a Z-\^] Š,V mkm „™µ] m VkX a m p›\if"V ^]„n Vkj—d–Z mkm f"j)f m h X"p
Š,V a a -] a ]of"npKtˆ h ŠŠ]'f&†[tÂ=-]of"\½„™]…)f'…V h Z\ _ Ê a ]rd–\b]…ÏZ-]ojc„p~Vkj-c„\^]'f$^]… - „-Z aqa -]
f"u V a Z-n]•\^]„uˆf"VYj '^uf ‘ a -]r‡c )f"VYj Ê ]„j-n u h \^]rf"jn~u h \^] a VkuŠ]”Vkj a -] h ^V a V h j
c m h ^l-] m aih*a ]H] ÏZV m V „-\^VYZ-u mkÜm h 1 j-] _ ™›]o\^]yd h \^$] l ‘‰f a …"]o\§Çp VkX d–\^] ÏZ]oj-c„Vk…] MŠe]H‚] œ l l]oc aqa )f a
a +] û»½™ a ]„u l ]o\^f a Z\^] Š,V mkm n-]„co\b]'&f b] aih Ššf\^n qV a £…] ÏZ-V m V „-\^VYZ-uµ…f }m Z] _ - ™›-V ¦cof"Ÿj „™]
Z-j-n]o=\ aihh ns&f •d h mYm h Š'o`¦VYd a -]Fd–\b…] ÏZ-]ojc„pŽLV h -VYX a -f a - ÝÞ 1 : V ”uFZ-‡c |^uf mkm ]o\
a -f"j a ] a p l Vkcof m nVd`Z^V h j a VkuŠ]&‘ a )f"j a -]Œc‡)fVkjf\^]1d–\ h Ą]oj- h j a -] a VkuŠ]ytÂ^cof m ]
h d h j-] h ^coV mkm f a V h j ‘f"j-n a -½] b]p a ]ou¶V e…[]„\bpCc m h b] aihFa -]”…] ÏZ-V m V „-\^VYZ-u·c h j-X[Z-\if a V h j *_ 1
™›-›] ÏZ-] a V h j Š'-] a -]o\ a -4] û»½™ a ]ou l ]o\if a Z-\b]š\^]of"‡c -…] a -]š…] ÏZ-V m V „-\^VYZ-u h j-] h \ m ]„…"] m h ` a^h h uŠ¼] -VkX ]o\š…f m Z]”\^…] ÏZ-VY\^] qfn-n-V a V h j-f m VYj…"…] a VkX[f a V h j _
µ h Š m ] a Z ˆc h j bVkn-]„\ˆf m f"\bX[]ytŸf"u l-m V a Z-n-] m h Ššt‡d–\b…] ÏZ-]„j-c„i
p =]'f"%\ ˆ h Š _ »•Z-\^VYj-XŽf
)f m d«t l ]o\bV h n h d h ^coV mkm f a V h j a ]c‡)fVkjŽVLu h …"]onsdgf\Hf
Šef'pd–\ h u¸V a VkjV a Vkf m bZ-\^\ h Z-j-nt
VkjX _ Vkj-c„] a -]d–\b…] ÏZ-]ojc„p±LV m h Š¼‘Ê„Kp a -] a VYu]~V a c h u] ̈́)f"‡c † a -]‡c )f"VYj a )f a
lf a\bV]„h …jŠV h LV 5Z O n-m p …] l a \ f"h \ p"a Vk]oc„n›V l f"f j-a n ]on›a -Vkj C] ûa »½¶] ™ ˆ)Za c ]oa u Z-f a]oV \ih f j—a Z-f\bn Ê] h „™l …] a )j-f']…"Š¹…] ,c &f h jf -a X[Z- a \i\ f h a j-V h Xj Ât = -_ ]o™›f"\-] VkuŠˆ)ZV a c a d Zh \t
a ] a ]'fn£p ˆ h Š`šV a{a ]oj-n aih Šef"\^n qV a £l uŠ]'fj/t‡)] m n…f m Z-]r&f a ]˜f"u l-m V a Zn-] Ým – S _
µ ha Vkc„]&‘ a -f a f"js]_`‰]„c a VY…[]ž=]'f"\r\if a ]%ݐ޹V m f"\^X"]Fd h \„ ha Žc'f&b]…o`ÝN0 ƒ ‘¹Þ]: ƒ
f"j-šn Ý>: ‘5ÞX0 û•j p a -] &f a£h j-&] ‘Q h Š]„…"]o\ ‘‰c h \^\^] h j-n aih*a ] a \ h j-Xt ƒ-]'f\
\^]„X[VkuŠ] h d ƒ a -ž] a ]'f"ƒ[n_ xp ˆ h m Š _ . m a -]*d–\^] ÏZ]oj-cyp+VYj-co\b]'&f b…] …l ‘ŽŠe]f"XKfVkj h „b]o\b…"]Cf a ]ojt
n-]„j-c„p aih \^] aih \^] a -]r…] ÏZ-V m LV „\^VkZu ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h j _ .qf\b…] bZ m a ‘ a -î] û¼»½™ a ]ou l ]o\if a Z-\b]
n-]„co\^]o&f ^] _
/h ‘ŽŠe] l \^]onVkc ara ]d h mYm h Š,Vkj-XCj h j/t a \^V€…/Vkf m „™]…)f'…V h Z\ h d a -]¬û¼»½™ a ]ou l ]o\if a Z-\b]
Z-j-n]o\ h bcoV mYm f a^h \bxp ƒ-]'f\ _ p h \Ff X[VY…"]oj$…f m Z] h d a -]fu l-m V a Z-n-] a -Y] û»½™ a ]ou l ]o\§t
f a Z-\^]ŠLV ¶-Vk&X -]o\ a )fj a ]ˆ…] ÏZ-V m V „-\^VYZ-u h j] _ Á‡›d Še]j h Š·c h 5j ^Vkn]o\H0‰º:»¼­f ara Š h d–\^]|t
ÏZ-]ojcoVk] µÞƒ} ¥ Þ U d–\ h u a -Í
] -VYX /t!d–\^…] ÏZ-]„j-c„p$\if"j-X"&] ‘ a -]„jD0‰º:»¼ - ÞG} 1vW 0‰º:»¼ - Þ U 1y_
™›-V \^]„n-Vkc a V h j c'f"x
j „™]FZ b]on aih ‚] œ f"Vkj—\^]oc„]oj a \^] ^Z a h Gd ˜•VYX[V n e_g.hviaj[¸ ââ º‘‹uŠ]oj/t
a V h j-]„nl VkjŸÁŸj a \ h nZ-c a V h j ‘Š' hh „^]„\b…"l-]om n a )f a Š'-]ojx^Z5m „®b]oc a ]on aih m f m f"\^X"]ytfu l-m V a Z-n-]
p =]'f"\ ‘:f m f"u] mkm f"\Od h \^uŠVkj-%X )¿ÃŒ)¿ÃŒ) l ]oj a &f „ m h ‡c †Œc h l h m p/uŠ]o\
-‚] ݜB-t V „-V qa ½¦½Kf ½ a 1 \^f"h j ^c„^VV amYm V f h a^j›h \bd–ž
\ h u a ] l ]o\ l ]„j-n-Vkc„Z m f\ h \bVk]„j a f a V h j aih*a -]Hn-LV h \^n-]„\^]„n l )&f b]
Z l h j+VYj-co\b]'&f b] h ded–\^] ÏZ-]oj-cyp _ ™›-]ˆ&f „^]„j-co] h d a -ž] Š]'$f †KÂt =-]of"\ l f"\if mYm ] m h \^VY]oj a f a V h j
ufQ”p „]@] œ f"VYj-]o£n „Kp f"\bX[]•u h ]„coZ f"É\ Š]oVYX aqh d a -¼] b]p a ]ou b]o] a -] \b]„…V h Z '^]oc|t
a V h j+d h \nVLl^c„m Z=bV h j h d m F •%¨ [ \ m : é 1ym _ ™›-]n-\ h l h d a -]û»½™ - a ]„u l ]o\^l f a Z-\b]f& a -]
d–\^] ÏZ-]oj-cyp›Vkj-c„\^]'$f ^…] M^Z l-l h \ a h Z-\ l \b]on-VYc a V h j _ ™›-]„\^]rLV ,f m h j h c h j a \if"n-VYc a V h Íj Š,V a \^] ^Z m a h Éd m uŠn)f m e_g$h£iaj ¸ÀÅÅ·ºf"j-|n ^VkuŠV m f".\ a Z-nVk…] ‘ŽŠ' h \b] l h \ a i"1#%‰¾yÑ¿ eizÉ e h d a -]
Ž3ÀŽ Ç @› Ç çœš‘ ’ ›
ž\Ÿ
û»½™ a ]„u ]o\^f a Z\^]Z h j—VYj-co\b]'f&b] h d d–\^]…ÏZ-]„j-c„p ÊMŠ]˜nVL^c„Z=b]on®„™]„d h \b]&‘ a ]˜n-\ h
h d a -]Yû»½l ™ a ]ou l ]„\if l a Z-\^] h c„coZ-\ƒf a …[]o\§pK-VYXs_ d–\b]…ÏZ-]„j-coVY]… _ ™›-] l h ^V a V h j h d a -Vl n-\ h l n-] l ]oj-5n h j a -]*jZ-µu „™]o\ h du h j h uŠ]o\=¦Vkj l h m puŠ]o\•c‡)fVkj ‘7f"jnŽu h …[] a^h m h Š
d–\^] ÏZ-]oj-c„Vk] e&f \ Vkj-c„\^]o&f ^] _ Á a VL a ]oj l h ƒ^V„ m ] a -f a¤a -] h „b]o\§…"f a V h j h dý m uŠn)f m e_g.h
iaj2Še]„\^] l ]o\§d h \^uŠ]o”n Š] mYm „™] m h Š a -]›bn-\ h l F\b]oX[V h j ‘BŠ'V m ]4˜•VYX[V m n e_g.hViajŠe]„\^] l \ h „-VkjX
d–\^] ÏZ-]oj-c„Vk] £d–\ h u a )f a \if"jX[] _
+]Iƒ h Z nÁj h"a ] a )f aa VLn-V^coZ5=^V h jÂVL®„)f$^]on h j h Z-\ l \^] m VkuŠVkj)f\bp±\^]^Z m a ‘
…] Ï, Ü_ - q _ r?Et q _ ) 1y_ m  h \^]n-] a f"V m ]o£
n a Z-npV {\^] ÏZVk\^]„n _
à ²#¨®©M°&¨®­ª¥²#¨
aša -]•]oj£
n Š.] Š h Z n LV †] a^h LV aa -] K]p ^VYc'f dgf"c a^h =\ a )f a = h Z Ín „™]•Vkj-c Z-n]onŒVYjCf
u h n-] m VYj h \^n-]„\ aih n-m ]^com \bVL„™] a -m ] h \bVk]„j al f a V h j)f m m a \^f"jbV a V h j„` a -]fj-m X[Z m f"\en-] m l ]„j-n-]„j-co]
Vkj a ’] àqf"uV m a^h j-V«fj - h \,Vkj h"a -]oM\ Š h \bn …‘f"j~Vkj a ]„\if"c a V h Çj „™] a Š]o]„Ÿj ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h j 1 fj-n
a ]qc h Z l-m Vkj-X „™] a Š]o]„j a -›] ˆ h Š±f"jn a -] h \^n-]„\ l f"\if"uŠ] a ]o\ _ Á‡d h ZŒ\ bZ-X[X[] a V h jŠ\^]„XKf"\^nt
VkjX a -]Hj-f a Z-\b] h d a ] )Ot a \if"5j ^V a V h jV £\bVkX a ‘ a )f"j h j-]Hj-]o]„n a^h f"nn f"j~Vkj a ]„\if"c a V h j
Š,V a a -š
] =-]of"\§t‡co] Ššf Á a LV *c h uu h j aih a f a ] a -f a h Z-\*u h n-] LV \bVkuŠV a V€…[]
f"j-n~u h \^]r]s`]oc a •c'mYfm jŸ„mk]rm Vk_ jc m Zn-]on- _ s]˜n h j h"a if'pÇ h ‘H„™]oc'fZ^] h Z-\qm u h n-l ] m VLM^Z/d«t
)c„Vk]oj a - Z-j m …] =Fd–Z a Z-\b]C‚] œ l ]„\^VYu]„j a ’Š,V mYm n]ou h j a \if a ] a -f a h u]Œ] =b]oj a Vkf mšl K]p ^VY…c LV ”uŠLV ƒ^VYj-X 1 a^h ^]o\§…[]ŠV a l Z-\ l h b]"` aih l \b]on-VYc a”a -%
] a $f „ ] h \bVk]„j a f a V h j  h \b]Šn] a fV Š h Z m”
n „]q\^…] ÏZ-VY\^]„nŒVY d Š.] Š h Z m n m V †"] aih u&f †"Ê] ÏZ)f"j a V a f a m VY…[] l \^]„n-Vkc a V h j _ (d h \ a -V] û»½™m
a ]„u l ]o\^f a Z\^&] ‘ F •%¨ ] a c _ s&] ‘Q h Š]„…[]„…\ ‘™n h j h"a &f ƒ†È^Z-‡c ÇÏZ-…] a V h j _
¦j ha -]„\•\^]„uˆf"\ƒ†~X h ] aiha -]µbZ-\ l \^VLbVkj-Xˆj)f a Z\^] h d a -] l ]oj h uŠ]oj h jn-VLbcoZƒ^]„n _
»•]'f m Vkj%
X Š,V a ›…] ÏZ-V m LV „\^VkZu l )$f ^] a \if"5j ^V a V h 5j ¿Še] )f'…[]FX ha^a ]„j~5Z ^]on a^hŠa -]dgf"c a£a )f a
a ]ŠuŠ]'fj/t‡)] m n a -] h \§pLV fCX hh ®n a f\ a VYj-X l h Vkj a _ ™›-]o j ‘³VYd h j]LV ”Vkj a ]o\^] a ]on+VYj\^]|t
)j-]„u]„j aŒh d a -] a -] h \bp ‘ a -£] ˆ)Z-c a Z)f a V h j©c h \b\^]oc a V h j ˆcof"¾j „™] a &f †"]„jžVkj a^h f"c„c h Z-j a _
à h Š]„…"]o…\ ‘ h j-],c'fj-j h"a d h \buFZ f a ] a -],u]of"j/t!)] n a -] h \bpFd h \ a -] h \^VY]oj a f a V h j)f a \if"5j ^V€t
a V h j _ ™›-VWV c h j-j-]„c a ]„nŠ,V a m a -]Odgf"c a a )f aWa m ]…[]„\bp l -]„j h uŠ]oj h j’)f&[ˆ-Z-c a Z)m f a V h j)f m
j)f a Z-\^] _ Z-‡c ~f"jCZ-jZ bZ)f m ^V a Z)f a V h jˆLV p[] a fj h"a ]o›\ ^Z\ l \bLV ^]•d–\ h u a -.] Š h \ m n h d³j h jt
…] ÏZ-V m V „-\^VYZ-u l -]oj h u]„j)
f Še¶] a f"\ a,aih @] œ lm h \b] _
ž 9ÆÅ
Ä
´Ÿ±«© ´Ÿ±µ­ ¨Ÿ²+© 9
ý ª½ª¨ Ÿ¤ ²#¨Ÿª
ž9ž
õ-V m ]½Š h \=†Vkj-X h j›u˜p a -]…bVL‘HÁ)f'…[]rX h"a VYj a ]o\b]… a ]on~VkjC…f"\^V h Z l \ h „ m ]„u#¿Š'Vkc‡
f"\b]&‘u h \b] h \ ]…=‘-\^] f a ]on a^h )f&b]„])f'…V h Z-\ h dŽ„ h c‡†c h h puŠ]o\euŠ] a Uqjd h \ a Zt
j)f a ] m p‘5(Á n-VYnCjm h"a - fQ…"m ] a VYu] ailh Š h \=† h j a ]ou _ àq]o\bm ]Á m VL a l h uŠm ] l \ h „ m ]„m u#_ a )f a a V mkm
f aba \ifc a u˜pf a^a ]„j a V h j›VYj-n-] l ]„j-n-]oj a m p h d a ]oVk\›bcoVY]oj a V€)c\^] m ]„…f"j-c„] h \ h \^VYX[Vkj-f m V a p _
ÃÏZV m V„-\^VYZ-u „])f'…/V h Z-\„`
ƒ[_ ™àqh f"uc'Vf ma^coh Z j-m V«f fa j ] a -]s-d a /tŒf"j-n}bV“œ a /t h \^n]o\~…"]o\ a ]‚œ“d–Z-j-c a V h j—VYj a ]Lk‹]oV„ m ]„\oÅÀ
m _
_ ™ h d h \buFZ m f a ]Hf#Še]of&†[tb]oX[\b]oXKf a V h j - u]of"j/t!)] m n ‘Hˆ-Z-c a Z)f a V h j 1 a -] h \bp›d h \ʽ(›)
„ m h c‡
† c h l h m pu]„\WuŠ] m a …‘ h \…[‘ VYj h"a - ]o\7Š h \bn…‘ a^h a Z-npf½§p] a ]„ukŠ,V a a Š hrh \^n-]„\
l f\if"uŠ] a ]o\= _ ™›- VL›eŠ f& l f"\ a m pn h j-]¶K„ pÈs ]o\^j]o\£f"j-np)\^]on\^Vkc‡†, h jK¸ ƒ?v â º _
Å _ ™ h a Z-npf"j]‚œ a ]„j-n-]„n l ) f&b ]¦n-Vkf"X[\ifu - u h \ l h m h X"p ° h \^Vk]„j a f a V h j 1 h d7f"j”.(
„ m h c‡
† c h l h m p/uŠ]o\{uŠ] m a c h j)j-]„n™„ ] a Š ]o]oj a Š h šŠ f mkm _
µ h jtŸ]…ÏZ-V m V„-\^VYZ-u „ ])f'…/V h Z-\„`
â _ ™ hˆh „ a f"VYj a -]’ a f&„ m ] a ]of"npKt a f a ] h \^VY]oj a f a V h j h d m f"uŠ] mYm f"]¦Z-j-n-]„\.=]'f"\Mˆ h Š¼‘
Š ]ŒuŠVkj-VYuVÄo]onx h u]j h j/t‡]…ÏZ-V m VL„\^VkZu¸]‚œ a ]„j^V h j h d a -] a ]o\^u h npj)f"uŠVkc l h t
a ]oj a Vkf m!_ Á a Š h Z m nž„],Vkj a ]o\^] a Vkj-X aih c h u l f\^] a VLOf l-l \ h f"c‡%Š,V a a -] l \^VYj-coV l-m ]
h d ufÆ/œ VkuFZ-u h d a - ]]„j a \ h l p l \ h nZ-c a V h j _
v/_ ™ h a Znp a - ]¼™„ ]…) f'…V h Z-\ h dWn]„d–]oc a £ Vkj a ] m f"uŠ] mkm f"\ l )f&b]rZj-n-]o\'ƒ-]'f"\'ˆ h Š _
q _ ™ h n-]„\^V€…[] a - ]ž pn-\ h n/p/j-f"uVYcc h \^\b]oc a V h j a^h›a - ]Œf"u l-m V a Zn-]]…ÏZ)f a V h j5 - Å _w&1
d h \ a - ]”- ]@œ f"X h j)f mOl ) f&^ ] _ ŸÁ j a VLr c'f&b ]&‘ a - ]Œfu l-m V a Z-n-]]…Ï Z)f a V h jH j h m h j-X[]o\
) f'…"] a - ] l h"a ]oj a Vkf m d h \^uš¡‘ ]…Ï _L- Å _€ƒ 1 (‘ f"j-n h"a - ]o\˜u] a h nµƒ h Z m nK„ ]ˆZ^ ]„n a^h
n-] a ]„\^uŠVkj-] a -]¼ a f$„ ] h \bVk]„j a f a V h j
/_
r_
)_
m
_
™ h a Znp a ] h \^VY]oj a f a V h j-f m „™]…-fQ…V h Z-\ h dfÍbp] a ]ouqŠ,V a a Š h~h \bn-]o\ l f"\if"uŠ]yt
a ]o\= _
™ hˆa \b]'f a•h"a -]„\ a p l ] h dˆ h Š _ Á h „ a f"Vkj-]„n ]…ÏZ)f a V h jqd h \ a -]’ a \bZ-c a Z-\^]Fdgfc aih \
VYj a -]]‚œ a ]„j^V h j)f m ˆ h Š¹f"j-n›Vkj a -] ˆ h Š„™] a Š]o]„j a Š h l f"\^f mkm ] ml-m f a …] _ U£jd h \§t
a Z-j)f a ] m p&‘ý„ h"a —]…ÏZ)f a V h j¦f"\^’] ^]oc h j-n h \bn-]o\ ‘‹f"j-n Á{n h j h"a †j h Š h Š aih )j-n
f&§pu l a^h"a VYc„])f'…V h Z-\ h d a -]oVY›\ h m Z a V h j _
™ h \b] m fƜ a ] a ]'fnpKt a f a ]H&f ƒ^Z-u l a V h j~f"j-n~f mkm h ŠÆd h \ a VYu]|tŸn-] l ]„j-n-]„j a f"u l-m V€t
a Z-n-]… _ ™›-Í] l ]„coVkf m c'$f ^&] ‘Š'-]„j a -]Cf"u l-m V a Zn-…] ˜f"\^] l ]o\bV h n-VkcVkj a VkuŠ&] ‘¡V h d
VYj a ]o\b]… a d h ›\ a Z-n/p/VYj-X a -¼] „™coc l )&f b]Z-j-n-]„Ê\ ƒ-]'f"\ _
ž 9D\
ƒ ½ _ ™X[\^h "f n- a VY]oZ-j na p h \bVk]oj a f a V h j)f m „™]…-fQ…V h Z-\ h d a ] m f u] km m f\ l ) f&b]˜Z-jn-]o\ a ]ou l ]o\if a Z-\b]
_
Ç ÈWÉ Ê¤È Ë=̲Í1ÎµÏ ÐÒÑ
Ó ƒoÔrÕ_3ÖÂ_:× f"u m ]yp _ Ø{Ù ] Ú Ù p/ÛbVkc„Û h d Ü m h cÝ Þ h l h m pu]„\^Û _ ûqßd h \bn—à£j-VY…"]o\^ÛbV a pÚ¤\b]oÛ^ۄá
ûqßd h \^n‰á;µq]„âÆã h \^Ý:á Ø h ÝKp h á ƒQä"ä[å_
Óçæ ÔHèe_ _ ܚf a ]oۊf"j-né _¡×H_(è \^]„n-\^VYcÝÛ h j _ Ü m h cÝ1Þ h l h m pu]„\ Ø{Ù ]„\^u h npj)fuVYcoÛo`
Ø{Ù ] á h \bpf"j-nêWß l ]o\bVkuŠ]oj a _ ë j-jZ)f m³ì ]y…Vk]„â h dWÚ Ù pÛ^VYc'f m Þ Ù ]ouŠVkÛ a \bpáší ƒ ` v æ v'î
v[v" ƒQä[ä"ï_
Óñð Ô é _[×r_[è \^]„n-\^VYcÝÛ h jŠf"j-n èe_ _ ܚf a ]oÛ _:ò pj)f"uŠVkcoÛ h dÜ m h cÝ˜Þ h l h m pu]„\^ۄ` Ø{Ù ] h \bp
f"jn—êWß l ]„\^VYu]„j a _ ë j-jZ)f m ì ]„…VY]„â h d¤ó—f a ]o\bV«f m coVY]oj-c„][á æ"ô ` v"ïƒ|îv[v"ï á ƒQä[ä ô _
Ó í Ô ´ _ë uFZ-jn-Û h j‰á-ê _× ] m dgf"j-nõáö _-÷ Z-f"jõá/f"j-n _/òF_ uV a Ùõ_‰ë¦m VYX[j-uŠ]oj aOh d m fu] m t
mæ"f"ô-\ù ø m h ` cæÝDô c h l æ h m pð uŠá ]o\Šuð VYco\^VYÛ a \^Z-c a Z-\b]~VYjžf"jž] m ]„c a \bVkc)] m n _ ó~f"co\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá
ƒ[·ƒ 1 ä[å?î "ï ƒQä[ä _
Ó vzÔ ´ _)ë˜_ ´ h ll V!á:ó _)Ø Vk\^\b] mYm á è_ _ ܚf a ]oۄᴠ_-ëqm uŠn)f m á-f"j-n ì_:×H_ Þ h m øKp _Oú f"u] m t
m f"\i] fj-h co\^]VY]oj a á f æa V ù h jVk` jní pj)f"uŠô Vkcofá mkm p~Û æ Ù ]'f\^]onsn-Vkø m h cݗc h l h m pu]„\”u] m a Û _ û_ Ú Ù p/Û _
è Õ^Õ ƒ[·ƒ 1 ƒ'ä ƒy'ä ï ƒQä[ä _
Óñô ԘüW_ t ì_ Þ Ù ]oj‰á û_,ëH_ ´ h \bj)] m nõá _qòF_ uŠV a Ù á û_,ؔ_ é\ h"a Ù f"Z-Ûoá•f"j-n¢ó _ ó _
f a Ý h â,ÛbÝV ÚWf a âef'pÛ aih uˆf"c„\ h Ûbc'f ] h \^n-]„\qVYj~j-f"j h Û a \^Zc a Z\^]on—ø m h cÝCc h l h m pt
uŠ]o\bÛ _ coVY]o_ j-c„][á æÙ " ` ƒ æ í å? æ v ð á ƒQä[äKm _
Ó zԘüW_ t ì_ Þ Ù ]„j f"j-n û_)ë˜_ ´ h \bj)] m n _(èWm h âštŸVkjn-Z-co]„n›f m VYX[j-uŠ]oj a{h d m f"uŠ] mYm f"\Oø m h cÝ
c h l h m pu]„\{u] m a Û _ Ú h m puŠ]o\oá ð ä ù ƒ'ä21 `ñí ô "äQî í ô ä[ä á ƒQä"ä[å_
Ó åÔrÕ_7ÖÂ_³× f"u m ]yp _ŒØ{Ù ]]„ý]oc aFh d{Û Ù ]'f\ h j h \^n-]„\^]„n$ø m h cݏc h l h m pu]„\rÛ h m Z a V h j-Û _
ÞeZ-\b\ _ û l VYj _ Þ h mYm!_ Õ j a _ coV _ á v ù v 1 ` ð í ƒ|î ð í ä á æ ï[ï"ï_
Ó äÔrÕ_zÖÂ_K× f"u m ]yp _ Õ j a \ h n-Z-c a V h j aih Û h d a uˆf a^a ]„\ ` l h m pu]„\^ۄá c h mYm h VYn-Ûoá f"u l-Ù V l-Ù V m ]oÛ
f"jn m VkþZ-Vkn c„\bpÛ a f m Û _7Ö V m ]„p[á)Þ Ù Vkc Ù ]„Û a ]o\oá æ ï"ï[ï_
Ó ƒQïÔHû_:×r_:ì h Ûb]on)f m ]f"j-n èe_ _ ܚf a ]oÛ _Oì£Ù ] h m h X"p h Àd û•\^n]o\^]„n f"jn ò VYÛ h \bn-]o\b]on put
uŠ] a \^VkcŽÚ h m p ù ] a Ù p mæ"]„ð-j-ù ] l \ æ"h ð[l æp m ]ojæ"] ð"1 ð tŸÚ h m p ù ] a Ù p m ] a Ù p m ]oj-] 1ò VYø m h cÝ¬Þ h l h m pu]„\^Û _
ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá 2å 1 ` ä?î å á ƒQä[ä[ï_
ÿ9
656
Ó ƒ[ƒoÔëH_ ´] mkm ]o\oá-ê _ Ú³]on-]„u h j a ]"áf"j-n èe_ ó _-Ö V mYm u h Z a Ùõ_ ó—f"c„\ h m f aba VYco]•d–\ h uÛ^]„X[\^]|t
XKæ"fð a ]où næfu ð h \ l-Ù ð h ZÛ l-Ù f"Ûb]oÛ h df a Ù \^]„]ø m h cݛc h l h m puŠ]o\ _ Þ h mkm h Vkn Ú h m pu _ coV _ á
å ƒ t 1 ` åKv'î å[ä á ƒQäKï_
Ó ƒ æ Ô ó _³û_õè h m Ý"]„Ûoá ëH_ ´”] mkm ]o\„áõf"j-n èe_ Ú _ cof m VYÛ^V _rë js]|ß a \^ZÛ^V h j a ]oc Ù jVkþZ-]d h \ a Ù ]
læ \b] l ù f\if` a V hí-j á h d[ð ÛbVkj-X m ]yt‡co\bpÛ a f m Û^ h dø m h cݗc h l h m puŠ]o\^Û _ Þ h mYm h VYn Ú h m pu _ coV _ á
vƒ ·ƒ 1 ƒ|î ƒ'äK _
Ó ƒ ð Ô é _ × f"n oVYV h fj-j h Zõá ëH_ ó—f a Ù VkۄáDf"j-n ë˜_ Ý h Z m V h Û _ ó h j h c„\^VYÛ a fZ/ß/¶n-]
c h l h m pu ]„ \^]„Û a \bVkÛ ]„ þZ-]oj-c ]o Û”Û a p/\ ]o j-] æ VkÛ h l \ ]o j-æ[] æ Û a p\ ]„ j-] l \]o Ûb]oj a fj a m fˆÛ a \^Z-c a Z-\b]
cyp m Vkj-n\^VkþZ-] _ Þ h mkm h Vkn Ú h m p/u _ c„V _ á v[ ` ƒ?v'î á ƒQäK"ä_
Ó ƒ í Ô é _µ× f"n „VkV h f"j-j h Z‰á ë˜_ ó—f a Ù VkÛoá f"j-n ë˜_ Ý h Z m V h Û _ ø a ]„j a V h j n-]
[u h j h co\bVkÛ a f"Z/ß/Šn-]˜c h l h m pu ]o \^]„Û a \^VkÛ ]o þZ-æ ]„j-c ]„ ەð[ôÛ a p\ ð ]„ j-] zVkÛ h l \ ]„ j-] Û a p\ ]o j] l f\
c„VkÛifV mkm ]ouŠ]oj a lm f"j _ Þ h mkm h Vkn Ú h m pu _ coV _ á v[ ` ƒ î:ƒ ä á ƒQäK"ä_
Ó ƒ?vzÔ ´ _£ë˜_ ´ h ll V!áró _qØ Vk\b\^] mYm á”fj-n èe_ _ Üef a ]„Û _ Ù ]'f"\tŸVYj-n-Z-c„]on¢VkÛ h"a \ h l VYcyt a^h t
m f"u] mkm f"\ a \if"jÛ^V a V h j _ Ú Ù pÛ _ ì ]„… _ ú ] aba _ á "ï ù ƒQ2ï 1 ` ƒ í[í ä? í v æ á ƒ'ä[ä ð _
Ó ƒ ô Ôrì_ ó _ ´rfj-j)f"j f"j-n û_rëH_ ´ h \^j)] m n _ ꡅ h m Z a V h j h dŒuŠVkco\ h Û a \^Z-c a Z-\b]fj-n
…VkÛbc h ] m f"Û a VkcoV a p n-Z-æ \bVkj-ù X h â f m VkX[j-ô uŠ]oj a1h df m f"u] mkm f"\+n-VYø m h cÝ c h l h m pu]„\ _
ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá v 1 ` ƒ[ƒQ[Q[ƒ'å á ƒQä[ä í _
Ó ƒ?zÔ ã _¦ü‰Ù f"j-Xžfj-n¹à _,Ö VY]oÛbj-]o\ _ p/uŠuŠ] a \bVkcn-VYø m h cݬc h l h m pu]„\^ÛZ-j-n-]„\ m f"\^X[]
f"u ð)l-ù m V a Zn-] h Û^coV mkm f aið h \§p1Û Ù ]'f"\ h â`sê¤j a f"j-X m ]ouŠ]oj a ]yý‰]„c a _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á
ƒQï ƒ[‹ƒ 1 `ñí "å í î í "ä á ƒQä[ä[v/_
Ó ƒQåÔ ã _(ü‰Ù f"j-Xá(à _WÖ VY]oÛ^j]o\oáOf"jn ×r_ ÖÂ_ l Vk]„Û^Û _sè \^]„þZ]oj-cyp­n-] l ]oj-n]oj-c„] h d h \bV€t
]„æ j a ùfð a V h j Vkj npj)f"uŠVkc'f mkm p¹Û Ù ]of"\^]„n nVkø m h cÝÂc h l h m pu]„\^Û _ ó~f"co\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá
å 1 ` [å?î"åƒ á ƒQä[ä[v/_
Ó ƒQäÔ ã _˜ü‰Ù f"j-X-á*à _Ö VY]oÛbj-]o\„á*ã _ ãf"j-X-á ؔ_ ÚWf"ÝZ m fáŠf"j-n ×H_•ÖÂ_ l VY]oÛ^Û _ ë jt
j-]of m VYj-X]„ý]oc a Û h j æ h \bù Vk]oô j a f a V æ h jsVYjsð n/p/j-f"uô VYc'f mYm p~Û Ù ]of"\^]„n$n-VYø m h cÝ c h l h m pu]„\^Û _
ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá ä ƒ 1 ` v í Qîv í ƒ á ƒQä[ä _
Óñæ ïÔ ã _:ü‰Ù f"j-XFf"j-n›à _Ö Vk]oÛbj-]o\ _ puŠu] a \^VYc¦n-VYø m h cÝ*c h l h m p/uŠ]o\bۚZ-j-n]o\ m f\^X[]¦f"u*t
l-m V ô)a Z-ù n-] ` æ h Û^ô c„V mkm f æ aih ô \bp”á Û Ù ]'f"\ h â` ò Z)f m d–\b]oþZ-]ojc„pF]|ß l ]„\^VkuŠ]oj a Û _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á
ƒQï 1 ä ƒyî ä ä ƒQä[äK_
Óñæ ƒoÔ à _[Ö Vk]oÛbj-]o\ _‰ú f"uŠ] mYm f"\³n-VYø m h cݘc h l h m pu]„\^Û¤Z-jn-]o\ m f\^X[]{fu l-m V a Z-n-] h Û^coV mkm f aih \§p
Ûð[Ù ð ]'f"æ !\ h â` h \^n-]„\Ff"jn$npj)f"uŠVkc„Û _ ó—f"co\ h u h m!_ Þ Ù ]„u _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á ƒQä"å ù ƒ[‹ƒ 1 ` ð[ð ƒQä?î
v á ƒQä"äK/_
Óñæ[æ Ôr×r_Wú ]oVYÛ a á òF_ ó—f"\bVkj-X-á ؔ_ Ø{Ù Z-\bj/t ëqm ø-\b]oc Ù a á(fj-n$à _³Ö VY]oÛ^j]o\ _~ò h Z-ø m "] )V l h d
h \bVk]„j a f a V h jCd h \£f m f"uŠ] mkm f"\enVkø m h cÝc h l h m puŠ]o\,Z-j-n]o\£Û Ù ]of"\ _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á
ƒ[ƒ'ï ù ƒ?& 1 ` å æ[æ vQîå æ[æ å á ƒQä[ä"ä_
656# $
ÿ/9&%
Óñæ"ð Ô ´ _Õ_Ö VYj-]„p"á _ _ ÚWf a ] m á ìr_ é _ú f"\bÛ h j‰á-f"j-n ×H_Ö f a f"j)f"ø™] _7Õ j a ]„\^n-] l ]„j-n-]„j-co]
h dOÛ Ù ]'f"\n-]yd h \^uf a V h j-Û¦f"j-nø m h cݛc h l h m p/uŠ]o\¦u h \ l-Ù h m h X"p _ ó~f"co\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá
æ"ô-ù ƒQ2ï 1 ` æ v í æ î æ v í ä á ƒQä[ä ð _
Óñæ í Ô ´ _¦Õ_£Ö Vkj-]yp[á _ _ ÚWf a ] m á ì_ é _•ú f"\^Û h jõá˜f"j-n ×H_£Ö f a f"j)fø] _ ó h \ lÙ h m t
h Xp h d£f m f"uŠ] mYm f"\•nVkø m h c݁c h l h m pu]„\˜f m VkX[j]on l ]o\ l ]„j-n-VYcoZ m f"\ a^h—a Ù ]ˆÛif"u l-m ]
l-ó—m f"fj-co\]h ` u Ø h \^f"]oj-c„ÛbZ u]„VYÛoÛ^á Û^V æ"h ô-j›ù ] ô m ]„c`çí a ð\ h j~ð uí ð VYco\ h á Û^c h l ðp›fj-n Û^uf mYm tfj-X m ],ßtŸ\if'p›Û^cof a^a ]o\bVkj-X _
m m ƒ 1 î [v ƒQä[ä _
Óñæ vz(Ô 'r_ Ú _ ܚf m Ûif"\^f¦f"jnÜ _× f"uŠu h Z-n)f _ Ù ]of"\¡]„ý]oc a Û h jFÛ h m …f a ]„nFø m h cÝc h l h m p/uŠ]o\
m f"æuùð ] mk`m ð[f"ô]"`¦Ú ð[hô[mð p/á Û a p\^]oí j]yt l h m p/VYÛ h l \^]oj]ŠVYjn h c a p mOlÙ a Ù f m f a ] _ Ú Ù pÛ _ ì ]„… _ ú ] a^a _ á
1 ï?î ƒQä[ä _
Óñæ"ô Ô )_ Ýzf"u h"aih á7´ _ f"+V * h á7fj-n ؔ_7× f"Û Ù Vku h"aih _*ì ]'f m t a VkuŠ]˜Û^fzß/Û h øÛ^]o\§…f a V h j-Û h d
mó—f"ufco] \ mkh m fzu t‡d h h \b]ouc„Z VYj-]„X¤Ûoáø æm h cù!ݕæ c h ` l h mí puŠ]o\^ۉZ-áj-n-]„\ í m f"\^X"] h Û^c„V mkm f aih \bp£Û Ù ]of"\7n-]„d h \^uf a V h j _
m m 2ï 1 v"v Qîv"v[v[v ƒQä[ä _
Óñæ zÔ _ _ ÚWf a ] m á ìr_ é _Kú f"\bÛ h jõá´ _[Õ_"Ö VYj-]„p"áf"j-n ×H_"Ö f a f"j)f"ø™] _ Ù ]of"\ h \^VY]oj a f a V h j
f"jn \ Ù ] h m h X"p h d˜æf mù f"uŠæ ] mkm ð f"\ ð l h mð pÛ a p\^]„j-] îžl h m p/VYÛ h l \^]oj]ø m h cÝc h l h m pu]„\ _
ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá å ƒ 1 `çí ƒ î í ƒQå á ƒQä[äKv_
Óñæ å-Ô ,˜_ ´ _ é”Z l a f/á ì_ ´”\^VkÛ Ù j)f"u hh \ a V!á û_:ë˜_ ´ h \bj)] m nõá™f"j-/n . _™òF_ .uV a Ùõ_ ꤅ h m Zt
a V h j h d)uŠVkco\ h Û a \^Z-c a Z-\b]en-Z\^VkjX¦Û Ù ]'f"\¤f m VkX"j-u]„j a VYjFf l h m pÛ a p\^]„j-]yt l h m pVkÛ h l \^]„j-]
m f"u] mkm f"\nVkø m h cÝc h l h m puŠ]o\ _ ó—f"c„\ h u h m ]„coZ m ]oۄá æ å ù ƒ ð 1 `ñí[í ô í î í[1í 0zí-á ƒ'ä[äKv/_
Óñæ äÔ Ü _-ú(_ì VYVkÛb]"áé _×H_-è \b]on-\bVkcÝÛ h j‰á ìr_ é _ú f"\^Û h jõá)f"jn òF_ . _ Ú ]'f\^Û h j _(ì£Ù ] h m h X"p
f"jnŽÛ Ù ]'f\§tŸVYj-n-Z-c„]onŽæ f ù!m æ"VkðX[j-uŠô ]oj ð a¦h d ô m f"uŠ] mYm f"\,n-VYø m h cݛf"j-n a \bVkø m h cÝc h l h m pu]„\^Û _
ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá å 1 `20 v î 0 v"ä á ƒQä[äKv_
Ó3ð ï-Ô ,˜_ ´ _ éZ l a fá ì_ ´”\^VYÛ Ù j)fu hh \ a V!á üW_ t ì_ Þ Ù ]oj‰á û_ë˜_ ´ h \^j/)] m nõ&á . _:òF_ .uV a Ù á
ó _ ó _ .f a Ý h â,Û^ÝV!á³f"jn û_‰Ø”_ é\ h"a Ù f"Z-Û _˜ò pj)f"uŠVkcoÛ h dOÛ Ù ]of"\f m VYX[j-uŠ]oj a VYjf
f"u] f"\,n-Vkø h cݛc h h pu]„\o` j a ]o\ f'p h dd–\b]oþZ-]ojc„p[á7Û a \ifVkjf"u l-m V a Z-n]"áõfj-n
am ]ou l mk]„m \if a Z-\^] m _ ó~f"co\ lh u m h m ]oc„Z m ]„ÛoÕ á æ ä ùl-ð m 1 ` å 0 vQî/å"å í-á ƒ'ä[ä ô _
Ó3ð ƒo-Ô ,˜_ ´ _ éZ l a fá ì_ ´”\^VYÛ Ù j-f"u hh \ a V!á û_-ëH_ ´ h \^j)] m nõá-f"j-n . _:òF_ .uV a Ùõ_¤ì h m ] h d
Û a \ifVkjVkjc h j a \ h mYm VYj-X m f"u] mkm f"\ h \^Vk]„j a f a V h jn-Z\^VkjX h â·f m VYX[j-uŠ]oj a•h den-VYø m h cÝ
c h l h m pu]„\^Û _ ó—f"co\ h u h m ]„coZ m ]oÛoá æ ä ù í 1 ` ƒ ð v"ä?î:ƒ ð[ôKæ á ƒQä[ä ô _
Ó3ðKæ ÔHüW_ t ì_ Þ Ù ]oj‰á ë˜_ ó _‹Õ ÛbÛif"Vkf"jõá û_7ë˜_ ´ h \^j-] m n‰á . _ òF_ .uV a Ù á û_7ؔ_ é\ h"a Ù f"Z-Ûoá
f"jnó _ ó _ ./f a Ý h â,ÛbÝV _sò p/j-f"uVYcoÛ h d£Û Ù ]of"\§t‡Vkj-n-Zco]onDf m VkX[ju]„j aHh dqf m fu] m t
mó—f"\¬fcon-\ h Vkø u m h h c]oݶc„Z f ]„Ûo\ á Ù ð ] h ù!t æ"h ðl a `2Vk0 cof m áô ] 0 m ]oc a í-\ á h jœuŠ0 Vkco\ h Û^c h l p[á+f"j-n¶ßt‡\if'p=Û^cof a^a ]o\bVkj-X _
m m ï 1 ï[ä î ƒ[ƒ ƒQä[ä _
Ó3ð[ð Ô ´ _”ë¦m un-f m áH´ _ ó h \ a ]oj-Ûb]ojõኴ _”ë˜_ ´ h ll V!á*ó _”Ø Vk\^\b] mYm áFfj-n è_ . _ ܚf a ]oÛ _
Õ Û h"VYÛ a h \ \bh n-l ]oVk\c£f"j\if"n jë Û^V j-a V Vkh Û h"ja \VYj~h l fVkjc£Þ h ÛbupuŠl uh Û^] V aa V\^h VYcj èWmVkZø c h a Z-c݌f a Þ V h h j-ÛOh Þ pm uŠh Û^]o] \,aió~h”a] Ù a ] ./ Z-\^1ø n*b]o]o\§c t a ai]oh n t
a^ò h ì ]oc„V l \ Øh cof a VYj-3X . Ù ]of"\ è Vk] ë m n-Û _ û_ Ú Ù p/Û _ò Õ^Õ mè \^f"j-co]/á l ô)ù mv&1 ` ô ƒ 0 î ô"ð må á ƒ'ä[ä ô _
ÿ4&5
676
8
Ó3ð í Ôrè \ifj-Ý9. _ Üef a ]„Ûoᤴ”Z-\ a ëH_ ´ h l-l V!á¤ó~f a^a Ù ]„â Ø VY\^\^] mkm áW´”\^VYÛ a^h ý‰]„\ ëqm uŠn)f m á fj-n
´”] mYm ó h \ a ]„j-Û^]„j _Õ j:)Z-]ojco] h dWÛ Ù ]'f\ h j a Ù ] Ù ]yßf"æX h j)ù!æ f m t aih tŸn-ð VYÛ h \bn-]o\ a \if"jÛ^V a V h j
VYj~fn-VYø m h c݈c h l h m puŠ]o\{uŠ] m a _ ó—f"c„\ h u h m ]ocoZ m ]oۄá 0 ï21 ` vä í-á ƒQä[ä í _
Ó3ð vzÔëH_)Õ&_ ' f"Ýzf a f"j-V!á èe_-ë˜_ ó h \^\bVkÛ h jõá û_:èe_:ò h ZX m f"ۄá û_-ÖÂ_ ó—f'pÛoáÞ _™ú¤_:û f"cÝÛ h jõá
ó _ ó~Z a Ù Z-ÝZ-uf"\„á‹f"j-nsÞ _ Þ _õ× f"u _•Ø{Ù ]VYj)Z-]„j-co] h dOÛ Ù ]'f"\ h j a Ù ] ù h \^n-]„\^VkjX
a ]ou l ]„\if a Z-\^] h d,f a \^VYø m h cÝ c h l h m pu]„\HuŠ] m a _ û_ Þ Ù ]„u _ Ú Ù p/Û _ á ƒ'ï í í 1 ` ƒ?v"å[ä?î
ƒ?vä[ä á ƒQä"ä ô _
Ó3ð[ô Ôؔ_™Ø ] l ]á òF_:ë˜_× ;f *bnZ-Ý:á‹ó _™ë˜_× V mkm uHp[]o\„á:Ú _™ë˜_:Ö ]„Vkuf"j-jõáó _™Ø Vk\b\^] mkm á è_ . _
ܚf a ]oۄቴ _)ëqm uŠn)f m á-f"j-n ´ _ ó h \ a ]„j-Û^]„j _{Õ j )Z-]„j-co] h d¡Û Ù ]'f"\ h j—f m f"uù ] mkm f"\ a \^V€t
ø m h cÝCc h l h m puŠ]o\{j-]of"\ a Ù ] h \^n-]„\§t‡n-VkÛ h \^n-]„\ a \ifj-Û^V a V h j _ û_ ì,Ù ] h m!_ áí ƒ &v 1 ` ƒ[ƒ í10 î
ƒ[ƒ 0 æ á ƒQä"ä 0 _
Ó3ð 0 Ôr×r_ ×r_‹Ö Vkj a ]„\oá òF_ Ü _ ./c h"a^a á ÖÂ_ é”\ h j-ÛbÝV!á . _ Ýzf"u h"a^h á³f"j-n ؔ_³× f"Û Ù VYu haih _
\^n]o\^VYj-X˜øK<p h âÆj-]'f\ a ]¦n-VYÛ h \bn-]o\t h \bn-]o\ a \^f"j-ÛbV a V h j h d7f a \^Vkø h cÝFc h h p/uŠ]o\
Û a p/\b]oj-]|tŸVYÛ h l \b]oj-]|tŸÛ a p/\b]oj-] Ù _ ó—f"c„\ h u h m ]ocoZ m ]oۄá æ"ô)ùæ"ô 1 `20 æð[ô î 0 æ í[í-m á ƒQä[ä ð l_ m
Ó3ð å(Ô 'r_ Ú _ Üef m Û^f"\if£f"j-n ×r_û_"ò f"V _Kë a \if"jÛ^V a V h jd–\ h u¢Û Ù ]of"\§t‡Vkj-n-Zco]on h \^n-]„\ a^h Û Ù ]'f"\t
VYj-n-Z-ô c„]onn-VkÛ h \^n]o\•VYj ø m h cݛc h l h m puŠ]o\bÛ _ û_ Þ Ù ]„u _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á ƒQïKv ù 0 1 ` æ ä í æ î æ ä í v á
ƒQä"ä _
Ó3ð äÔròF_ Ü _ .c h"aba á ëH_£û_šÖ f"nn h jõáqã _ té _šú VYjõá è_ ê _ ´f"\^f"=Û á”f"j-n ×H_,×r_šÖ Vkj/t
a ]o\ _ . Ù ]'f"\t Õ j-n-Zco]on \bVk]„j a f a V h j Ø \^f"j-Û^V a V h j-Û7Vkj Ø \bVkø m h cÝrÞ h l h m pu]„\ . a p/\b]oj-]|t
Üeæ Z ù a f"ô n-VY]oj-]|t>. a p\b]oj-]•â,V a æ٠ޝp m VYj-n-\^VYc'f m™ò h uf"VYjŒó h \ l-Ù h m h X"p _ ó~f"co\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá
v ƒ 1 `çí ƒ 0 vQî í ƒQåƒ á ƒQä[ä _
Ó í ïÔrèe_*ëH_ ó h \^\bVkÛ h jõá û_ÖÂ_ ó—f'p/ۄáó _ ó~Z a Ù ZÝZuˆf"\„á ëH_Õ3_ ' fÝf a f"j-Vá—fj-n
Þ _ Þ _/× f"j _ . Ù ]'f\§tŸæ"VYô-j-ùn-Z-c„]onæ u h \ l-æ Ù h ð m h X[VYc'f ð m Û a \bZ-c a Z-\^]„ÛeVYj a \^Vkø m h cݘc h l h m pu]„\^Û _
ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá ƒQ2ä 1 ` v 0 ƒyîv 0 á ƒQä[ä _
Ó í ƒoÔؔ_-Ø ] l ]"á)ó _-èe_ ./c Ù Z m á û_)ü‰Ù f h áó _-Ø Vk\b\^] mkm á èe_ . _ Üef a ]„Ûoá-fj-n´ _ ó h \ a ]„j-Û^]„j _
f"\bV«f"ø ]OÛ ]of"\§t‡Vkj-n-Zco]on h \bVk]„j a ðf a V h j h d™f¦n-Vkø m h cÝrc h l h m puŠ]o\ Ù ]yßf"X h j-f ml-Ù f"Û^] _
,ó—fco\ h u m h Ù ]oc„Z ]„Ûoá æ ù ` ð
m m å 2å 1 ï"ï[å?î ï/ƒ[ƒ á ƒQä[äKv/_
Ó í æ Ô é _ ./c Ù uŠVkn a á ÖÂ_ì VYc Ù a ]o\bVkj-Xá‰Ú _‰ú Vkjn-j-]o\„á‰fj-n Ú _ëqm ]yßf"jn-\^VYn-VkÛ _ . Ù ]'f"\ h \^VY]oj/t
a f a V h j h d‹f Ù ]yßf"X h j)f m™m p h"a \ h l Vkc a \^Vkø m h cݍc h l h m puŠ]o\ l-Ù f"Ûb]•f"Û l \ h ø]„nŒøK?p h â
ø-ð VY\^ù ]yd–\^Vkæ[jæ X[]oð j-c„æ[]Oæ f"j-nrÛ^uf mkm tf"j-X m ] m VkX Ù a f"j-nrj-]oZ a \ h jrÛ^cof a^a ]o\bVkj-X _ ó~f"co\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá
ƒ 0 1 ` ä î ä[å á ƒQä[ä[å_
Ó í ð ÔHû_ Üe]„\^X Ù f"Z-Û^]„jõá û_ü V l d–] m áKÚ _ú Vkj-n-j]o\oáfj-n ÖÂ_[ì VYc Ù a ]o\bVkj-X _ . Ù ]of"\§t‡Vkj-nZ-co]„n h \bV€t
]„ô j a f a V h j-ÛqVkj~f m p h"a \ h l VYcHn-]yd–]oc a VY…"] m f"u] mkm f"\ _ ê¤Z-\ h lÙ pÛbVkcoÛ m ] aba ]o\bÛ'á:í ð)ùgô 1 ` ô å ð î
å"ä á ƒQä[ä[v/_
Ó í[í Ô ó _ ê _ , VkX[V m nõá/Þ _ Þ Ù Zõá™ó _ ./Z-X[V€pKf"ufá-´ _-ëH_ Þ Ù Af @Šjõá:fj-n èe_ . _ Üef a ]„Û _¤Õ j )Zt
]„j-co] h d™Û Ù ]'f"\ h j a Ùð ],ù f m VkX[j-uŠ]oj ô a h dæ f m f"uŠ] mYm f"]|t‡d h \buVYj-X l ]oj a fø m h cݘc h l h m pu]„\ _
ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá í í 1 ` äKvƒyî/ä íá ï"ïƒ[_
:ÿ 4B
Ó í vzÔ é _:×H_:è \^]„n-\^VYcÝÛ h j _C' h j-]oþZ-V m Vkø\^VkZu Û a \^Zc a Z\^] h d a Ù ] Ù h u h X[]oj] h Z-Û l-Ù f"Û^] h d
ø m h cÝHc h l h m p/uŠ]o\bÛ¡Z-j-n]o\(Û Ù ]of"\D h â _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á åKv ù ä21 ` v ð ï ô îv ð ƒ ð á ƒ'ä[å ô _
Ó í ô Ô é _)×H_-è \b]on-\bVkcÝÛ h j~fj-n ìr_ é _-ú f"\bÛ h j _D, VkÛbc h ] m f"Û a VkcoV a p h d Ù h u h X[]oj] h Z-Û l h m pt
uŠ]o\{uŠ] m a Û{j-]of"\£f*c„\^V a Vkcof m‰l h VYj a _ û_ Þ Ù ]„u _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á å ô-ùð 1 ` ƒ?v"v ð ?v ô ï á ƒQä[å 0 _
Ó í10 Ôrì_ é _?ú f"\bÛ h j˜f"j-n˜é _?×r_zè \b]on-\bVkcÝÛ h j _E, VkÛbc h uŠ] a \^VYc l \ h l ]o\ a VY]oÛ h d-ø m h cݕc h l h m pt
uŠ]o\bÛ£j]'f"\£fco\bV a VYc'f ml h Vkj a _ ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá æ ï ù å21 ` ƒ'å[ä 0 'ä[ï[ï á ƒQä[å 0 _
Ó í åÔ é _{×H_,è \b]on-\bVkcÝÛ h j _·è h \^u øVk\^]yd–\^VYj-X[]ojco] h dHø m h cÝc h l h m pu]„\ŒuŠ] m a ÛCZ-j-n-]„\
h ÛbcoV mkm f aih \§pˆÛ Ù ]'f"\ _ ó—f"co\ h u h m ]„coZ m ]oÛoá æ ï ù ƒ æ 1 ` ð ïƒ 0 î ð ï æ ï á ƒ'ä[å 0 _
Ó í äÔ é _ˆ×r_ˆè \b]on-\bVkcÝÛ h j=fj-n=ê _ˆ× ] m dgfj-n _ ì,Ù ] h m h Xp h d Ù h u h X[]„j-] h ZÛø m h cÝ
c h l ù h m pu]„\^Ûj-]'f"\ a Ù ] uŠVkc„\ h lÙ f"Û^]~Û^] l f"\if a V h j a \^f"j-Û^V a V h j _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á
å[ä ä21 ` v"å"ä[ï?îv"å"ä 0/á ƒQä[å[å_
Ó v"ïÔ Ú _ é _ n-]qé]„j-j-]oÛ _ ê¡ý]oc ah dÛ Ù ]'f$\ h â,Û h j*c„\^V a Vkcof m )Zc a Z-f a V h j-Û¤VkFj -Z-Vkn-Û _ ó h m!_
Þe\§p/Û a _ ú Vkþ _ Þe\§p/Û a _ á ð í-` äƒyî/äKv á ƒQä 0 ô _
Ó v/ƒoÔëH_ jZ-ÝV(f"j-n´ _ ´f'âšfÛif"ÝV (_ ' h j-]oþZ-V m VYø-\^VYZ-u¶Û a ]'f"np—Û a f a ] h d(c„\^V a Vkcof m )Z-VknÛ
Z-æjn-]o\šÛ Ù ]'f\ h â`(f˜\^]„j h \buˆf m GV of a V h j*X[\ h Z l f l-l \ h f"c Ùõ_ ë jj _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á ƒ æ ƒ `ñí v ô î
v å á ƒQä 0 ä_
Ó v æ ÔëHH_ jZÝV _ Ú Ù fÛ^] a \^f"j-Û^V a V h j-Û h Id )ZVkn-یVYj¬Û Ù ]of"J\ h â _ û_ Ú Ù pÛ _ `‚Þ h j-n-]„j-Û _
ó—f a^a ]„\'á ä ` ô ƒ[ƒ'ä?î ô ƒ?v 0/á ƒQä"ä 0 _
Ó v ð Ô ó _ ê _ ޚf a ]oÛ*f"j-Kn . _Wؔ_ ó›V m j]o\ _—ì h m ] h d,Û Ù ]of"\FVkj a Ù ]ŒVYÛ h"a \ h l Vkcyt aih t m f"uŠ] mYm f"\
a \if"j-ÛbV a V h j _ Ú Ù pÛ _ ì ]„… _ ú ] a^a _ á ô[æ-ù ƒ ô 1 ` ƒQåKv ô î:ƒQåKv"ä á ƒQä"å[ä_
Ó v í Ô Þ _ ó _ ó—f"\bþZ]oÛf"j-n©ó _ ê _ ޚf a ]oÛ _­× f"\bu h jVkcŒc h \^\b]oc a V h jۊj]'f"\ a Ù ] h \^n-]„\^VkjX
a \if"j-ÛbV a V h j _ ê(Z\ h l-Ù pÛ^VYcoÛ ú ] a^a ]o\bÛQá ƒ ð)ùgð 1 ` æ"ô 0 î æ 0 æ á ƒQä[ä[ï/_
Ó v[vzÔ Þ Ù VY]oj/tãOZ-] ÙÒ× Z-f"j-X·f"j-nÒó _ ó›Z a Ù Z-ÝZ-uf"\ _ ê¡ý‰]„c aÆh dŽÛ Ù ]of"\ h j h \bn-]o\t
n-VYÛ h ù \bn-]o\qf"j-ô n h \^nô ]o\§t h \^n]o\ a \ifj-Û^V a V h j-Û{Vkj›ø m h cÝCc h l h m pu]„\^Û _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á
ƒQï 0 ƒ í 1 ` v[v ƒyî/v[v å á ƒQä[ä 0 _
Ó v ô Ô é _³×H_ è \b]on-\bVkcÝÛ h j _ . a ]of"npŽÛ Ù ]of"\Ff m VkX"j-u]„j ah d{ø m h cݏc h l h m pu]„\^Ûrj-]'f\ a Ù ]
VYÛ h"a \ h l VYcyt m f"uŠ] mYm f"\ a \if"j-ÛbV a V h j _ û_ ì£Ù ] h m!_ á ð å ù í 1 ` ƒQï í v á ƒ'ä[ä í _
Ó v 0 Ôrèe_‰ò \ h m ] a áõÚ _ Þ Ù ]ojõá7fj-n û_ , MV j)L f m Û _”ú f"uŠ] mkm f"]Hf m VYX[j-uŠ]oj a øKpÛ Ù ]'fN\ h â VYjf
u h n] m h dWf*n-Vkø m h c݊c h l h m pu]„\ _ ó—f"c„\ h u h m ]ocoZ m ]oۄá ðKæù!æ v 1 ` å ô ï ð î/å ô ƒQï á ƒQä[ä[ä/_
Ó v"åÔrì_ Üe\bZ-VkjÛ^uf f"j-n$ã _Wì fø-Vkj _ . Ù ]'f"\Ot h â ]oj Ù f"j-co]„u]„j a fj-n1Û^Z ll \^]„Û^Û^V h j h d
)Zc a Z-f a V h j-ÛOVkjŠÛ^uŠ]oc a Vkc VYþZ-Vkn*co\§pÛ a f Û Ú pÛ
m
m _ Ù _ ì ]y… _ ë á"í v ù!æ 1 ` ä[ä í 'ï[ï[å á ƒ'ä[ä æ _
Ó v"äÔ ó _ é h Z m V«f"jfj-Pn . _‹Ø”_ ó›V m j]o\ _ . Ù ]'f"\rf m VkX[ju]„j a f"j-nŽVkj-Û a f"ø-V m V a p h dÛ^uŠ]oc a VYc
l-Ù f"Û^]„Û _ Ú Ù pÛ _ ì ]„… _ ú ] a^a _ Qá 0zí ù ƒQï 1 ` ƒ 00 vQî:ƒ 00 å á ƒQä"äKv/_
676# $8
ÿ4&R
676
8
Ó3ô ïÔ-,˜_ ./c Ù uŠV aba á)Þ _ ó _ ó—f"\bþZ]oÛoá:fj-n èe_-ú ]oþZ-]„Z/ß _ . Ù ]'f\§tŸVYj-n-Z-c„]on l-Ù fÛ^]Û^] l f"\if?t
a V h j h d7c h u l-m ]yß3)Z-VYn-Ûo` Ø{Ù ]•\ h m ] h d h âštŸc h j-co]„j a \if a V h jˆc h Z lm VkjX _ Ú Ù pÛ _ ì ]y… _
ê{á v æ-ù í 1 `ñí ï[ï"ä?î í ïƒQv á ƒ'ä[äKv/_
Ó3ô ƒoÔؔC_ •Ù a fáã _ ê(j h u haih á û_Oú(_O× f"\^n-]„jõá{f"jnžó _Oò h V _©ë j h uf m h Z-ۍ\ Ù ] h m h X[V€t
cof m ø] Ù f'…/V h \ h d h \^n-]„\^]on l-Ù f"Ûb]oÛ h d•ø m h cÝ1c h l h m puŠ]o\^Û _{ƒ[_ ó~f"co\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá
æ"ô-ù ƒQ2å 1 `çí ä æ å?î í ä ð í-á ƒQä[ä ð _
Ó3ôKæ Ôr×r_ ´ h n)fuˆfFfj-n›ó _)ò h V _ . Ù ]'f"\tŸVYj-n-Z-c„]onVkj-Û a f"øV m V a p h d a Ù ] m f"uŠ] mkm f"\ l-Ù f"Ûb] h d
f*ø m h c݈c h l h m puŠ]o\ _ ó—f"co\ h u h m ]„coZ m ]oÛoá æ ä ù 0 1 ` æ"ô v æ î æ"ô v"å á ƒQä[ä ô _
Ó3ô[ð ÔÕ_)ÖÂ_™× f"u m ]yp _ Þe] mkm npj)fuVYcoÛ,Û^VYuFZ m f a V h j-Û h d¤ø m h c݌c h l h m p/uŠ]o\bÛ _ ó—f"co\ h u h m!_
Ø{Ù ] h \bp .VkuFZ m_ á ä ù 0 1 ` ð[ô[ð î ð å[ï á æ ï[ï[ï_
Ó3ô í Ô . _?ì_?ì ]ojõá Õ_'ÖÂ_?× f"u m ]yp[á?Ú _QÕ_ Þ _zØ ]oV5ß/]oVk\^fázf"j-nHÚ _?òF_;•m uÛ a ]on _ Þe] mYm npj)f"uŠVkc„Û
ÛbVkuFZ m f a V h j-Û h dÛ Ù ]'f"\tŸVYj-n-Z-c„]onÆf m VYX[j-uŠ]oj a f"j-n¬n-]yd–]oc a f"ô"j-ð)j-ù V Ù V m f a V h j­ð VkæjžÛ a \bV l ]
l f a^a ]„\^j-Û,d h \bu]„nCøpø m h c݈c h l h m pu]„\^Û _ Ú Ù pÛ _ ì ]y… _ ê{á í 1 `çí ƒ?v"ï á ï[ïƒ"_
Ó3ô vzÔëH:_ ,F_-ü …[] m Vkjn h …/ÛbÝKp[á:é _-û_ë˜_ ./]„…VYj-Ý:á)Ü _ëH_ Þ _ …f"j ,•m VkuŠu]„\^]oj‰á 'H_ ó _ ó—f"Zt
\bV a ۄáefj-n û_ é _ ê _ ó _(è \if"f"+V *b] _+Ø{Ù \b]o]yt‡n-VkuŠ]ojÛ^V h j)f m uŠ]oÛ h Û^cof m ]npj)f"uŠVkc„Û h d
ø m h cÝ~c h l h m p/uŠ]o\bÛ¦Z-jn-]o\Û Ù ]'f"\„` Ø{Ù ]npj)f"uŠVkc˜n-]oj-ÛbV a pKt‡d–Zj-c a V h j)f m f l-l \ h f"c ى_
Ú Ù pÛ _ ì ]y… _ ê{á v 0 ù v 1 ` ì í å 0 äQî í å[å æ á ƒQä"ä[å_
Ó3ô[ô ÔëH:_ ,F_-ü …[] m Vkjn h …/ÛbÝKp[á:é _-û_ë˜_ ./]„…VYj-Ý:á)Ü _ëH_ Þ _ …f"j ,•m VkuŠu]„\^]oj‰á 'H_ ó _ ó—f"Zt
\bV a ۄá¤f"j-n û_ é _ ê _ ó _¡è \^f[f"+V *b] _›ú fu] mkm f\ l-Ù f"Ûb] h d,n-VYø m h cݏc h l h m p/uŠ]o\ruŠ] m a
Z-jn-]o\•Û Ù ù]'f\o`,æ ´”Vkj-æ ] a VYcoÛqf"j-n c h jd h \buˆf a V h j-f m f"j)f m pÛ^VYÛ _ Ú¤\ h X[\ _ Þ h mkm h Vkn Ú h m pu _
./c„V á
_ ƒ[ƒQï í 1 ` v/ƒ|î v í-á ƒQä[ä"å_
Ó3ô 0 Ôrú¤_$ú ]„Vkø m ]o\ _ Ø{Ù ] h \bp h d±uVYco\ h l-Ù f"Ûb] Ûb] l f\if a V h j°VYj°ø m h cÝ c h l h m pu]„\^Û _
ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá ƒ ð-ùô 1 ` ƒ ô ï æ  ô ƒ 0/á ƒQä[å[ï_
Ó3ô åÔ é _š×r_eè \^]„n-\^VYcÝÛ h jÆf"j-n±ê _e× ] m dgf"j-n _¹èWm Z-c a Z)f a V h j]„ý]oc a ÛCVYj a Ù ] a Ù ] h \bp h d
uŠVkc„\ h l-Ù f"Û^]Û^] l f"\^f a V h j©VYj©ø m h cÝ$c h l h m p/uŠ]o\bÛ _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á å 0 ù ·ƒ 1 ` ô ä 0 î
0 á
ï[v ƒQä[å 0 _
Ó3ô äÔ ó _(ÖÂ_ ó—f a Ûb]oj¬fj-n èe_ . _ ܚf a ]oÛ _ à£j-VYd%pVkjXŽâ]'f"Ý[tf"j-nžÛ a \ h j-XtŸÛb]oX[\b]oXKf a V h j
ø m h c݈c h l h m puŠ]o\ a Ù ] h \^Vk]„Û _ ó—f"c„\ h u h m ]ocoZ m ]oۄá æ ä ù í 1 ` ƒQï"äƒyQï"ä[å á ƒQä[ä ô _
Ó 0 ïÔrú¤_çòF_‰ú f"j-n-f"Z -_ j a Ù ] a Ù ] h \§p h d l-Ù f"Ûb] a \^f"j-ÛbV a V h j-Û _ Ú Ù pÛ _ üW_ . h â *b] a _ á ƒ"ƒ ` æô
f"jn v í v á ƒQä ð 0 _
Ó 0 ƒoÔ ó _èe_ ./c Ù Z m á èe_ . _ ܚf a ]oÛoá[´ _zë¦m un-f m á?f"jn´ _ ó h \ a ]„j-Û^]„j _ ê l V a fzß/V«f m \^] m f a V h j/t
Û Ù V l d h \ Ù ]yßf"X h j)f m t aið)h ù tŸcoZø-ô Vkc l-Ù f"Ûb] a \^f"j-ÛbV a V h jˆVYjCfFø m h cÝ*c h l h m pu]„\euŠV€ß a Z-\b] _
Ú Ù pÛ _ ì ]y… _ ú ] a^a _ Qá 0 ·ƒ 1 ` å îå[ä á ƒ'ä[ä í _
676# $8
ÿ:4&S
Ó 0 æ ÔròF_™ë˜_™× f*bn-Z-Ý:á‹Ú _ ê _‰× f"\ l ]o\„á. _ ó _ é\bZ-j-]„\oá‰Þ _ Þ _× h j-]„Ý"]„\oá7é _ ´VYu~á™ê _ú(_
Øâ{]'Ù f"h Ý uˆpˆf"ۄÛbá:]oX[f"\bj-]on XKf ú¤a _™]onCû_n-è VYø] a^ha ]„c\^ÝÛ _c h Ø{Ù h ]rpX"up]„\ h\^ÛVknõ` ó~ë f"coj-\ ]yh â¢u h ]oþ]oZ-c„VZ m Vk]„øÛo\^áVkZæ u 0 ù u h `ñ\ í lÙ ô"h ð m h íX"pŒ0 VYj á
m
m l m _
m m ƒ?v1 ï î ï v
í
ƒQä"ä _
Ó 0 ð Ô . _(ؔ_ ó~V m j-]o\*fj-nžÚ _eòF_•m uŠÛ a ]on _©ë j)f m p a VYc'f m â]'f"Ý[t‡Û^]oX"\^]oX[f a V h j a Ù ] h \§p h d
ø-VYc h j a VkjZ h Z-Û l-Ù f"Ûb]oەVYj~nVkø m h cÝCc h l h m pu]„\^Û _ û_ Ú Ù pÛ _ Õ^Õ è \if"jco]á0/` æ í ä?î æ v[v á
ƒQä"ä 0 _
Ó 0í -Ô ,˜_ ê _ Ú h n-j-]„ÝÛHf"j-n Õ_‰ÖÂ_õ× f"u m ]yp _rú f"j-n)f"ZtÜe\^Tf h …Û^ÝVkV a Ù ] h \bp d h \ a Ù ] Õ f ð n
Û a \^Zc a Z\^] _ û ê Ø Ú ú ] a^a _ á ô í ù 2å 1 ` ô ƒ 0 î ôKæ í-á ƒ'ä[ä ô _
Ó 0 vzÔÕ_³ÖÂ_¡× fu m ]„pŽf"j-n ,˜_ ê _ Ú h n-j-]oÝÛ U_ j a Ù ] ú f"j-n-f"Z/tÜ\iTf h …ÛbÝVYV a Ù ] h \§psd h \
ø m h c݈c h l h m puŠ]o\šuŠ] m a Û _ ó—f"co\ h u h m ]„coZ m ]oÛoá ð ï ù ƒ æ 1 ` ð 0 ï/ƒyî ð 0 ï ð á ƒ'ä[ä 0 _
Ó 0 ô ÔëH_ ó _ ó—f'p[]„Û”f"j-nó V_ •m …[]o\^fn-] ú fCÞe\^Z _ ó›Vkco\ h l-Ù fÛ^]˜Ûb] l f\if a V h j~Vkj›uFZ m a V€t
ø m h c݈c h l h m puŠ]o\šuŠ] m a Û _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù p/Û _ á äƒ W` 0 æ[æ å?î 0 æ"ð v á ƒ'ä[å[ä_
Ó 00 Ô ó _ •m …"]o\^fŠn-] m fÞe\bZ Hf"j-n Õ_ Þ _ ./f"j-c Ù X] _šØ{Ù ] h \bp h d¡uŠVkco\ h l-Ù fÛ^]”Û^] l f"\^f a V h j
VYj›X"\ifd a f"jn›Û a f"\,c h l h m pu]„\^Û _ ó—f"co\ h u h m ]„coZ m ]oÛoá ƒQä ù ƒ'2ï 1 ` æ v"ïƒ|î æ v"ï[å á ƒ'ä[å ô _
Ó 0 åÔëH#_ ,F_,ò h ø-\§pj-VkjÆf"j-n Õ_ ã _ ê(\bZ-Ý Ù Vku h …Vkc Ùõ_ Þ h u l Z a ]o\tf"VYn-]on±c h u l f\if a VY…[]
VYj…"]oÛ a VkX[f a V h j h d f"\^æ"c ô-Ù ù!V æ a ]„c æ a Z-ô \^]”æ VYj )Z-]„j-coð ] h jø m h c݊c h l h m p/uŠ]o\ l-Ù f"Ûb]rnV«f"X[\^f"uŠÛ _
ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá 1 ` 0 î åƒ á ƒQä"ä _
Ó 0 äÔròF_‚û_Kì ]'f"n _ ó~]of"j*)] m n a Ù ] h \bp˜d h \ l-Ù f"Ûb]£Ûb] l f\if a V h jn-Z\^VkjX l h m pc h j-n]oj-Û^f a V h j
\b]'f"c a V h j-ۍf"j-n1cof m c„Z m f a V h j h d£Û a ð\^Z-c ùgða Z-\b]Œdgf"c a^h \^ÛHd h \Fc h l h m pu]„\^Û h d¦f\^ø-V a \if\bp
f"\bc Ù V a ]oc a Z-\b] _ ó—f"c„\ h u h m ]„coZ m ]oÛ„á ƒ 1 ` å[ä[ä?îäƒ[ƒ á ƒQä[ä[å/_
Ó å[ïÔ ó _ Ú¤V a Û^VYÝzf m VYÛoYá . _ Ú¤VkÛ l f"Ûoá û_ ó~fQpۄá fj-n 'H_‹× f"Zn *bVkc Ù \^VkÛ a VYn-VkÛ [_ ' h j m VYj-]'f\¦ø m h cÝ
c h l h m pu]„\,f"\^c Ù V a ]„c a Z-\^]„Û _ ë n… _ Ú h m!_ ./c„V _ á ƒ ð v ` ƒyî:ƒ ð 0/á ƒQä[ä[å_
Ó åƒoÔëH_ è \bVkÛ^c Ù Ýj]oc Ù a f"jn$é _‚×r_³è \b]on-\bVkcÝÛ h j _ ó~VYco\ h l-Ù f"Ûb]*ø h Zj-n)f"\bVk]oÛHf"j-nŽc Ù f"VYj
c h jd h \buˆf a V h jÛqVYj uFZ m a V lm pø-\^f"j-c Ù ]„nŽnVkø m h cÝc h l h m pu]„\^Û _ ó~f"co\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá
ðKæù!æ 2ï 1 ` ô å ð ƒyî ô å ð[ô á ƒQä[ä[ä/_
Ó å æ ÔròF_Žû_ë uŠV a _ è Vk] m n a Ù ] h \§p[á a Ù ] \b]oj h \buˆf m GV of a V h j X[\ h Z l á f"j-n co\^V a VYc'f m
l-Ù ]oj h uŠ]oj-f _ ó~cQé”\if'âšt Ù V mkm á ' ]„â“ã h \^Ý:á ƒQä 0 å/_
Ó å ð Ô Þ _QÕ a „pÝÛ h jfj-n û_ tó _?ò \ h Z/ý‰] _ . a f a VYÛ a VYc'f m )] m n a Ù ] h \bpõá'… h m Zu] ƒ[_ ޚf"uFø-\bVkn-X[]
à£j-VY…"]o\^ÛbV a p›Ú¤\^]„Û^ۄá‰ÞšfuFø-\^VYn-X[]á ƒQä[å[ä/_
Ó å í Ô Ú _eû_OèWm h \bp _©Ø{Ù ]—c h j)X[Z-\^f a V h j h d•\b]'f m,l h m puŠ]o\c Ù f"VYj-Û _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á
ƒ 0 ùð 1 ` ð ï ð î ð ƒQï á ƒQä í ä_
Ó åKvzÔ Ú _ é _ n-]é”]oj-j-]„Û _ ./cof m VYj-X c h j-co] l a Û VYj l h m puŠ]o\ lÙ pÛbVkcoÛ _ Þ h \^j-] mkm à£j-VY…"]o\bÛ^V a p
Ú¤\^]„Û^ۄá Õ a Ù f"cofá ' ]yâ“ã h \^Ý:á ƒQä 0 ä_
ÿE\
676
8
Ó å ô Ô ó _ •m …[]o\^f•n-] m f”Þe\bZ"á ëH_ ó _ ó~fQp"]oۄáf"jnÜ _ñÖÂ_ .â,VYd a _:Ø \if"jÛ^V a V h j aih m f"uŠ] mYm f"\t
cof a ]„j h kV nŽæ Û a \^Z-c a Z-\b]VYjø m h cÝ[tŸc h l h m pu]„\•uŠ] m a Û _ ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá æ v ùæ 1 ` ä í[í î
ä í å á ƒQä[ä _
Ó å 0 ÔØ f"Ýzf h •Ù a f”f"j-nŠ´•p h „V:´fQâef"Û^f"ÝV _ ê¤þZV m VYø-\^VYZ-uÂu h \ l-Ù h m h X"p h d™ø m h cÝHc h l h m pt
uŠ]o\{uŠ] m a Û _ ó~f"co\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá ƒ'ä ù ƒQï1 ` æ"ôKæ ƒyî æ"ô[ðKæ á ƒQä"å ô _
Ó å[åÔrì_7ú¤_ ú ]„Û^c'fj-]ocˆf"j-n+ó _ ó~Z a Ù Z-ÝZ-uf"\ _Cò ]oj-ÛbV a p d–Zj-c a V h j)f m a Ù ] h \bp h d l-Ù f"Ûb]
a \if"j-ÛbV a V h j¬VYjÆnVkø m h cÝ©c h l h m puŠ]o\CÛ§p/Û a ]„uÛ _ ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá æô)ù ƒ?v&1 ` ð ä[ï[å?î
ð ä/ƒ ô á ƒQä"ä ð _
Ó å[äÔHû_ ó~] m ]oj-Ý]„…V a f"j-nó _ ó~Z a Ù Z-ÝZ-uf"\ _Wò ]oj-ÛbV a p*d–Z-j-c a V h j)f m a Ù ] h \bp h d m f"uŠ] mkm f"\
h \bn-]o\bVkj-X*VYj›nVkø m h cÝc h l h m puŠ]o\bÛ _ ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá æ í ù ƒ í 1 `çí ƒQä[ä?î í æ ïKv á ƒQä[äƒ"_
Ó ä[ïÔrú¤_ òF_ ú f"jn)f"Z$fj-n1ê _ ó _Wú V€d–Û Ù V a _ . a f a VkÛ a Vkcof m Ú Ù pÛbVkcoۄá ÚWf"\ a ƒ[_ Ú³]o\bXKf"u h j
Ú¤\^]„Û^ۄá ßd h \bnõá ' ]„â¬ã h \bݙá Ø h \ h j aih áQ.pn-j-]yp[á:Ú f"\^VYÛoá è \^f"j-ÝKd–Z-\ a á a Ù Vk\bnŒ]onV a V h jõá
ƒQä"å[ï_
Ó äƒoÔÕ_(ÖÂ_e× f"u m ]„pDfj-n èe_ . _ ܚf a ]oÛ _ × f\^u h j-Vkcc h \^\b]oc a V h jÛ aihŽa Ù ]~u]of"j/t!)] m n
l-Ù f"í Û^]Cn-Vkf"X[\^f"u}d h \Fø m h cݎc h l h m p/uŠ]o\bÛ _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù p/Û _ á ƒQï[ï ù 2ä 1 ` ô åƒ ð î ô åƒ 0/á
ƒQä"ä _
Ó ä æ Ô ê _ éZ\ h …Vkc Ù á ú(_³ú ]oVYø m ]„\oá³f"j-n û_ Ú(\ h Û a ]_ j+uŠVkco\ h l-Ù fÛ^]*Û^] l f"\if a V h j a Ù ] h \§p™`
ò VYÛ^c h j a VkjZ h ZÛ£Ûbco]„j)f"\^V h VkjVkj a ]„\^uŠ]on-Vkf a ]¦\^]oX"V h j _ à£j l Z-ø m VkÛ Ù ]on \^]„Û^Z m a ÛQá ƒQä[ä ð _
Ó ä ð ÔHû_ t ì_™ì h fj—f"jn ê _çÕ_ . Ù fÝ Ù j h …/VYc Ùõ_ . a fø-V m V a pŒÛ a Z-n/p h dWVkc h Ûif Ù ]on-\^f m7l-Ù f"Ûb]oەVYj
n-VYø m h c݈c h l h m puŠ]o\šuŠ] m a _ û_ Þ Ù ]„u _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á ƒ'ï[ä ù ƒ 0 1 `W0 v"äƒ|î 0 ô ƒ[ƒ á ƒ'ä[ä[å_
Ó ä í Ô ó _¤ÖÂ_ ó—f a Û^]„jžf"j-nžó _ ./c Ù VYcÝ _ . a f"ø m ]›f"j-n©Z-j-Û a f"ø m ] l-Ù f"Û^]„Û h d•fsn-VYø m h cÝ
c h l h m pu]„\{u] m a _ Ú Ù pÛ _ ì ]„… _ ú ] aba _ á0 æ-ù ƒ ô 1 ` æ"ô[ô ï?î æ"ô[ô"ð á ƒ'ä[ä í _
Ó äKvzÔëH_ë ÝÛ^VkuŠ]oj a Vk]„…Šfj-n ì_× h m pÛ a _ Ú Ù f"Û^]qø] Ù f'…/V h Z-\ h dõX"\if"n-VY]oj a c h l h m p/uŠ]o\bÛ _ û_
Þ Ù ]„u _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á ƒ"ƒ[ƒ ù &v 1 ` æ"ðKæ ä?î æ"ð[ð ä á ƒQä"ä[ä_
Ó ä ô Ô ´ _ ÜeVYj-n-]„\ _ Ú Ù f"Û^] a \if"j-ÛbV a V h j-ÛWVkj l h m puŠ]o\¡ø m ]oj-n۝fj-n*ø m h cݘc h l h m pu]„\¡uŠ] m a Ûo`
. h u]\b]oco]„j a n]„…[] h u]„j a Û
n…f"j-co]„Û VYj Ú h m pu]„\ ./coVY]oj-c„]á ƒ"ƒ æ ` ƒQåƒyî ð ï[ï á
m
l
_
ë
ƒQä"ä í _
Ó ä 0 (Ô 'r_‚èe_ ó _¤× ]oj-\§p­f"j-nD´ _¤ú h j-Ûbn)f m ]"á(]on-V aih \bÛ _ Õ j a ]o\bj)f a V h j)f m Ø fø m ]„Û d h \ öqt ì f'p
Þe\§p/Û a f mYm h X"\if l-Ù p _ ´•pj h c Ù áܝVk\^uŠVkjX Ù f"u›`Wà _ ´ _ á ƒQä ô ä/_
Ó ä[åÔHû_çú¤_¡û h j]oÛFfj-n1ó _ •m …"]o\if›n-] m f~Þe\^Z _›Ø \ifj-Û^V a V h j-Û a^h l ]o\bV h n-Vkc*Û a \^Zc a Z\^]oۄ`
×Ú VkX pÙ Û ]„á\ Ù f"\^ù u 0 h ` j-æ VYc0 æ c h \bæ \^0 ]oc a á V h j-ÛCí â,V a Ù c h j-co]„j a \if a V h ^j )Z-c a Z)f a V h j-Û _ û_ Þ Ù ]„u _
Ù _ ƒQï"ï 1 v îv ä ƒQä[ä _
Ó ä[äÔrèe_çú¤_ ܝ]„p[]„\] a f m!_ é\^fd a c h l h m puŠ]o\^Ûâ,V a Ù \^]„X[Z m f"\ m pÛ l f"c„]onõá a ] a \^fd–Z-j-c a V h j)f m
ø-æ \^f"j-c Ùæ l h Vkj a ۄ`¡u h \ l-Ù h m h Xp*f"j-nCX[\^f"VkjÛ a \^Z-c a Z-\b] _ ó~f"co\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá ð[ð ` æ ï ð äQî
ï í å á ï"ï[ï_
1ÿ ³ÿ
Ó ƒQï[ïÔr×r_Kú VkZõá û_ç×H_1'[f"_ Û^uf"jõá[f"j-nó _ ./Ý\bVYd%…f"\^Û _™ì f"nVkc'f më¦m a ]„\^j)f a Vkj-X”Þ h l h m pu]„\^V`'fzt
a V h jõ` ë . a \if a ]oXpHd h \ × p l ]o\^ø\if"j-c Ù ]onˆó—f a ]„\^Vkf m Û _ û_ Ú h m p/u _ ./coV _ á ð å ù ƒ 0 1 ` ð ï 0í î
ð ï"åKv á æ ï"ï[ï_
Ó ƒQïƒoÔHû_çèe_ ó—f"\^Ý h _ ó›Vkco\ h l-Ù fÛ^] Ûb] l f"\^f a V h j h d ø m h cÝ c h l h m puŠ]o\ \^VYj-X[Û _
ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá æ"ô-ùô 1 ` ƒ í"í æ  í"í[í-á ƒQä[ä ð _
Ó ƒQï æ Ôrì_× h m pÛ a f"j-n ؔ_ñë˜_, V m X[VYÛ _‹Ø{Ù ]•Û a \bZ-c a Z-\^]f"jn l-Ù f"Ûb] a \^f"j-ÛbV a V h j-ÛOVkj l h m p/uŠ]o\
ø m ]oj-nÛoá™n-V€t‡ø m h c݌c h l h m pu]„\^Ûqf"j-n m VkþZ-VYn~c„\bpÛ a f mkm Vkj-] l h m puŠ]o\^ۄ` Ø{Ù ] ú f"j-n)f"Zt
é”Vkjô „ø-Z-\bXHf l-l \ h f"c Ùõ_ ó—f"co\ h u h m ]„coZ m f"\ a Ù ] h \§p f"j-n Û^VYuFZ m f a V h j-ÛQá v ù í 1 ` v 0 ð î ô í[í-á
ƒQä"ä _
Ó ƒQï ð Ô ó _ é _ Üe\^]„\^] aih j±f"jn ؔ_ñë˜_C, V m X[VkÛ _¹Ø{Ù ]Û a f a VkÛ a Vkcof m uŠ]oc Ù f"j-Vkc„Û h drf$uŠ] m aˆh d
l h m puŠ]o\{\bVkj-X[Û _ û_ Ú Ù p/Û _ á æ å ù v 1 ` ƒ[ƒ í ä?[ƒ ô å á ƒ'ä[äKv/_
Ó ƒQï í ÔëH_eÖ ]yp[]„\^Û^ø™]o\bXfj-n ؔ_çëH_, V m X[VYÛ _ ó›Vkco\ h l-Ù fÛ^]Û^] l f"\^f a V h jžVkj a^h l h m h X"Vkc'f mkm p
c h j-Û a \if"VYj-]on›\^VYj-X*c h l h m p/uŠ]o\ _ Ú Ù p/Û _ ì ]y… _ ê{áí ä ù í 1 ` ð ï[ä 0 î ð ƒQï/ƒ á ƒQä[ä í _
Ó ƒQïKvzÔ ó _ ê _ ޚf a ]„Ûf"j-n û_ ó _‹ò ]oZ a Û^c ى_ Þ h Zj *b]„c a Z\^]oÛ h j a Ù ]Û a f a VYÛ a VYcoÛ h de\bVkj-X l h m pt
uŠ]o\bÛ _ û_ Ú Ù p/Û _ è \^f"j-co]áí10 ù ƒ æ 1 ` æ ƒ æ ƒyî æ ƒ æ å á ƒQä[å ô _
Ó ƒQï ô Ô ó _ ó~Z mYm ]o\„á û_ Ú _Ö V aba uŠ]o\„áf"jnó _ ê _ ޚf a ]„Û _ Ø h l h m h X[Vkcof m ]„ý]oc a ۚVYjŒ\^VYj-X l h m pt
uŠ]o\bÛo` ë c h u l Z a ]o\{ÛbVkuFZ m f a V h jˆÛ a Z-n/p _ Ú Ù pÛ _ ì ]„… _ ê,á v ð)ù v 1 ` v"ï ô"ð îv"ï 0zí-á ƒ'ä[ä ô _
Ó ƒQï 0 Ô . _ ܝ\ h â,jžf"jnžé _ .:of"u] m!_ . a \^Z-c a Z-\b]—fj-n©n/p/j-f"uVYcoÛ h d¦\^VYj-X l h m pu]„\^Û _ û_
Þ Ù ]„u _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á ƒ'ï[å ù ƒ æ 1 `ñí10 ïKv'î í10 ï[å á ƒ'ä[ä[å_
Ó ƒQï[åÔrì_‚ú¤_ú ]oÛ^cof"j-]„c"á òF_çëH_"× ;f *bn-Z-Ý:áé _ ã _ ´”VYu~áQã _ érf"j‰á ì_ ã”VYjõEá . _ ó _ é\bZ-j-]„\oá ؔ_ ê _
×uŠh Vkc„X[\ ]oh jtê¤f"Û^Û^c ]|Ù tŸá:Û^] fj-f"n\^f ê a _‚]„ú¤nŽ_-cyØ{pÙ c h VYuˆcf"ø Û _h cÞ Ý›h cu h l f"h \bVkpÛ uŠh j ]o\bh Ûd f"a j-Ù n] m a f"uŠ]„Vk] \ mYm f"Vkj-\(]ou f"\h \ l\^Ù ]oh c„mZ-h \^X"Û ph \^h Û d
Ù m l
_
ó—fco\ h l-u Ù h m ]oc„Z m l]„Ûoá æ å ù ä21 ` ð í åKm vQî ð ím å[ä á ƒQä[läKv/_m
Ó ƒQï[äÔrèe_ . _ Üef a ]„Ûoá û_ ×r_7ì h Û^]on-f m ]áWf"jn$é _7×H_7è \^]„n-\^VYcÝÛ h j _ŒèWm Z-c a Z)f a V h j/t Õ j-nZ-co]„n
è VY]„\^… Û a t ] \babn-a ]oá \ ô Ø \^ù f"j-ÛbV` æ[a V æ[h æ j h æ[d,æ"f"ðKj æ á Õ Û h"a \ h l VYJc .pÛ a ]ou aih f—Ú³]o\^V h nVkac . a f a ] _ Ú Ù p/Û _
ì _ ú _ ƒ ƒ'2ä 1 äQî ƒQä"å[å_
Ó ƒ[ƒQïÔrèe_ . _ ܚf a ]oۄá û_×r_/ì h Ûb]on)f m ]"á/f"j-nŒé _×H_è \^]„n-\^VYcÝÛ h j _7è m Z-c a Z)f a V h j*]yý‰]„c a ۝Vkjf
Û§p/uŠuŠ] a \bæVkùc”n-VYø ô[m hæ c݈c ô[h æ l h m puŠ]o\{j-]of"\ a Ù ] h \bn-]o\tŸn-VYÛ h \bn-]o\ a \^f"j-ÛbV a V h j _ û_ Þ Ù ]„u _
Ú Ù pÛ _ á ä ƒQ2ï 1 ` v[vQî 0 ï á ƒQä[ä"ï_
Ó ƒ[ƒ[ƒoÔ . _™ë˜_ Üe\^Tf h …Û^ÝVkV _ Ú Ù fÛ^] a \if"j-ÛbV a V h j h d(f"j VYÛ h"a \ h l VkcÛbpÛ a ]ou aih fŠj h jZ-j-V€d h \^u
Û a f a ] _ . h … _ Ú Ù pÛ _ t û ê Ø Ú•á/í ƒ ù ·ƒ 1 ` å[vQî/å[ä á ƒQä 0 v_
Ó ƒ[ƒ æ ÔëH_ ó _ ó—f'p[]„Û _ ë . a Z-np h d Ø \ifj-Û^V a V h j-Û a^h Ú³]o\bV h n-Vkc . a \bZ-c a Z-\^]„Û VYj Ü m h cÝ
Þ h l h m p/uŠ]o\ ó›] m a Û _ Ú Ù)ò a Ù ]„Û^Vkۄá ' h \ a Ù â]oÛ a ]o\bjàqj-V€…[]„\^Û^V a p[á:bà . ë á ƒQä"äƒ[_
676# $8
ÿEc
676
8
Ó ƒ[ƒ ð ÔròF_™û_:ë uŠV a fj-n ó _‰ü fj-j-] aba V _eè VY] m n a Ù ] h \bpn-]„Û^co\bV l a V h j h dWc h j a VYjZ h Z-Û l-Ù f"Ûb]
a \if"j-ÛbV a V h j-Û _ û_ . a f a _ Ú Ù pÛ _ áQ0 ù ƒ·1 ` ð ƒ|î ô[ð á ƒQä 0 ð _
Ó ƒ[ƒ í ÔHû_ü VYj-j/t û ZÛ a VYj _ ÷ Z)f"j a Zu )] m n a Ù ] h \bp fj-n co\^V a VYc'f m l-Ù ]oj h u]„j)f _KØ{Ù ]£Vkj a ]„\^j)fzt
a V h j)f m Û^]„\^VY]oÛ h d u h j h X[\if l-Ù Û h j l-Ù pÛ^VYcoÛ x j h _ 00 _& ß/d h \^nŽ`OÞ m f"\b]oj-n h j~Ú¤\b]oÛ^ۄá
ßd h \^n‰á ƒQä[å[ä_
Ó ƒ[ƒ?vzÔr×r_­û_+ë j-X[]o\buˆfj _ Ø{Ù ] Ú Ù f"Û^] ܝ] Ù f'…V h \ h d Ú h m p/nVkÛ l ]o\bÛ^] ó~Z m a VYø m h cÝ
Þ h l h m p/uŠ]o\ ó~] m a Û ù f a Ù ] h \^] a VYc'f m Û a Z-np 1"_ Ú Ù)ò a Ù ]oÛbVkÛoáàqjVY…[]„\^ÛbV a p h dOé”\ h jVkj/t
X[]„jõá Ø{Ù ] ' ] a Ù ]„\ m fj-n-Ûoá ƒ'ä[ä[å_
Ó ƒ[ƒ ô ÔHû_7û_ ó _ . m h"a á ×H_7û_‰ë j-X[]„\^uf"jõá‹fj-nŽé _ a ]„jsܝ\^VkjÝ"] _rØ{Ù ] h \bp h d(uVYco\ h l-Ù f"Ûb]
Ûb] l f"\^f a V h jˆVYjˆuFZ m a V l-m ]{Ûb]oX[uŠ]oj a t a p l ]¦Û a f a VkÛ a VYc'f m uFZ m a VYø m h cݘc h l h m puŠ]o\^Û(ôâ,V a Ù
f"\bø-V a \if"\§pŒø m h cÝCu h m ]ocoZ m f"\eâ]oVYX Ù a n-VkÛ a \^VYø-Z a V h j-Û _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á ƒ'ï[ä ` å 00 î
å 0 ï[ï á ƒQä"ä[å_
Ó ƒ[ƒ 0 Ôrì_™ûQ_ ' f l f"jn é _ a ]„j—ܝ\^VkjÝ"] _ ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Û ù Ø h ø™] l Z-ø m VkÛ Ù ]on 1|_
Ó ƒ[ƒQåÔ é _)×H_:è \b]on-\bVkcÝÛ h j _ .Z-\bdgf"c„] h \^n-]„\^VYj-X l-Ù ]oj h u]„j)f*Vkjø m h c݈c h l h m puŠ]o\{uŠ] m a Û _
ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá æ ï ù ƒQ2ï 1 ` æ v ð vQî æ v í æ á ƒQä[å 0 _
Ó ƒ[ƒQäÔ Þ _ ó _ ó—f"\bþZ-]oۗf"j-n¢ó _ ê _ ޚf a ]oÛ _× ]yßf"X h j)f m f"j-n m f"uŠ] mYm f"\u]„Û h lÙ f"Û^]„Û
VYj-n-Z-c„]on›øpÛ Ù ]'f\ _ û_ Ú Ù pÛ _ è \^f"j-co]á v/ƒ ù ƒ ô 1 ` ƒ 0 ð"ð  0Eí 0/á ƒQä[ä[ï_
Ó ƒ æ ïÔròF_ Þ _ ó h \bÛ^]”fj-]n . _ؔ_ ó~V m j-]o\ _³ë ø-Û^]„j-co] h d a Ù ]•j-]„uˆf a Vkc l-Ù f"Ûb]”VkjŒÛ§puuŠ] a \^Vkc
n-VYø m h c݈c h l h m puŠ]o\^Û _ Ú Ù pÛ _ ì ]„… _ ê,á1í 0 ùæ 1 ` ƒ[ƒ[ƒ'ä?[ƒ æ v á ƒ'ä[ä ð _
Ó ƒ æ ƒoÔ Ú _ Þ _z× h Ù ]ojø™]o\^Xfj-nFÜ _?Õ_× f mYl ]„\^VYj _KØ{Ù ] h \bp h d)npj)fuVYcc„\^V a Vkcof m[l-Ù ]„j h uŠ]oj)f _
ì ]„… _ ó h n _ Ú Ù p/Û _ áí ä `ñí ð v'î 1í 0 ä á ƒQä 0T0 _
Ó ƒ æ[æ Ô . _ ó—f1f"j-nÆé _èe_ ó—Af o]ojÝ h _ Þe\^V a VYc'f m npj)f"uŠVkc„Û h d”d–]„\^\ h uˆf"X"j-] a ۈVkj ô dfe
n-VYu]„j-Û^V h j-Û _ Ú Ù pÛ _ ì ]„… _ Üqá ƒ[ƒ ù ƒ[·ƒ 1 `çí ï 00 î í ƒQï[ï á ƒQä 0 v_
Ó ƒ æ"ð Ôr×r_:ì VYÛ^Ý"]„j _ Ø{Ù ] è h ÝÝ]o\tÚ m f"jcÝ ê¤þZ-f a V h j _ . l \bVkj-X"]o\oá-Üe]o\ m Vkj‰á ƒQä[å[ä/_
Ó ƒ æ í Ô ´ _ ÜeVkjn-]o\ _ Þ h mYm ]oc a V€…[]n-VYýZ-ÛbV h jõá)jZ-c m ]of a V h jõá:f"j-n~Û l VYj h n)f m n-]„c h u l h Û^V a V h jVYj
l h m puŠ]o\{uŠV€ß a Z\^]oÛ _ û_ Þ Ù ]„u _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á 0 ä ù ƒ æ 1 ` ô"ð å 0 î ô í ï[ä á ƒQä[å ð _
Ó ƒ æ vzÔ ´ _ ´rf'âef"ÛifÝVõf"j-nC´ _ ./]oÝVku h"a^h _ Þ h j-co]„j a \if a V h jŒnpj)f"uŠVkc„ÛeVkj l h m pu]„\ø m ]ojn-Û
f"jn~ø m h cÝc h l h m p/uŠ]o\{uŠ] m a Û _ ó—f"c„\ h u h m ]„coZ m ]oۄá æ[æ-ù 0 1 ` ð ï ô[ð î ð ï 0 v á ƒQä"å[ä_
Ó ƒ æ"ô Ô ´ _ ´rf'âef"ÛifÝV _ ´”Vkj] a VYcoÛ h dVkÛbVkj-Xsu h n-] m Û _±Õ jÆÞ _ò h uFøf"j-nÆó _ . _ é\b]o]oj‰á
]„n-V a^h \^ۄá Ú Ù f"Ûb] Ø \^f"j-Û^V a V h j-Û fj-n Þe\^V æ a Vkcof m Ú Ù ]oj h u]„j)f‰á… h m Z-uŠ] æ á l f"X[]„Û•í[í ð î
v"ï/ƒ[_-ë cof"n-]„uVYcÚ(\b]oÛbÛoá ú h j-n h j‰á ƒQä 0 _
Ó ƒ æ 0 Ô ´ _ ´fQâef"Û^f"ÝV _ ó h n-]¦c h Z l-m Vkj-XHf"j-nco\bV a VYc'f m n/p/j-f"uVYcoÛ _õÕ jÞ _/ò h uFøf"j-nCó _ . _
é”\^]„]ojõáHô ]on-V aih \bð Ûoá Ú Ù f"Û^] Ø \if"jÛ^V a V h jÛ f"j-n Þe\bV a Vkô c'f m Ú Ù ]„j h uŠ]oj)f™á¦… h m Z-uŠ] v fá
l fX[]oÛ ƒ v'î í ï _/ë cof"n-]ouŠVkcÚ¤\b]oÛ^ۄá ú h jn h jõá ƒ'ä 0 _
ÿ14
Ó ƒ æ åÔ . _'ì f"uf"Û§âšf"uHp”f"j-n!. _'ìr_Qì ]ojj _"Ø{Ù ] h \bp h dÛ Ù ]'f\§tŸVYj-n-Z-c„]onru] m a Vkj-X h dc h mkm h Vkn-f m
c„\bpÛ a f m Û _ Ú Ù pÛ _ ì ]y… _ ú ] a^a _ á v ô-ù ä21 ` ä í vQî/ä í å á ƒQä"å ô _
Ó ƒ æ äÔrì_-ü âef"j„VkX _ Ú¤\ h ø m ]„u۝Vkjj h j m Vkj-]of"\ a \ifj-Û l h \ aa Ù ] h \bp _ Õ j ú(_ éf"\^\bVkn h á]„n-V a^h \oá
.pÛ a ]ouŠÛ f"\ d–\ h u ê¤þZ-V Vkø-\bVkZ-u~á … h Z-uŠ] ðKæ h d ]oc a Z-\b] h"a ]„Û Vkj Ú pÛbVkcoÛ"á
'
Ù
fl X[]oÛ ƒQä[åQè î æ[æ v/_ . l \bVkj-X[]„\om á ' ]„â ã h \^Ý:m á ƒQä[å[ï/ƒ _ ú
Ó ƒ ð ïÔ . _ë˜_ ܝ\ifT h …ÛbÝVYV!á Õ_ ê _-ò „p[f m h Û Ù VYj-Û^ÝVkVáfj-n ë˜_)ì_ ó›Z-\if a^h … _WØ{Ù ] h \§p h d7â]'f"Ý
c„\bpÛ a f mkm VG'f a V h j _ . h … _ Ú Ù p/Û _ t û ê Ø Ú•á ô[ô)ùgð 1 ` ôKæ vQî ô[ð[ð á ƒQä[å 0 _
Ó ƒ ð ƒoÔ ê _[Õ_ ´f a Ûoá ,˜_T,F_Kú ]„ø]„n-]„…™áf"j-n ë˜_[ìr_ ó~Z-\if aih … _™Ö ]'f"ÝHco\§p/Û a f mYm `V 'f a V h j a Ù ] h \bp _
Ú Ù pÛ _ ì ] lõ_ á æ"æ å ù ƒIg æ 1 ` ƒyî/äƒ á ƒQä[ä ð _
Ó ƒ ðKæ ÔÕ_ . _ é\^f"n-Û Ù a ]„pjCf"jn Õ_ ó _ì p Ù VkÝ _ Ø f"ø m ] h d Vkj a ]„X[\if m Ûoá Û^]„\^VY]oÛoá f"j-n l \ h n-Z-c a Û _
ë c'f"n-]„uVYcÚ¤\^]oÛbÛoá ' ]yâ ã h \bÝ™á ƒ'ä[å[ï_
Ó ƒ ð[ð Ô ó _³ë ø\if"u h â,V a f"j-n Õ_ ëH_ . a ]oX[Zj _ × f"j-n-ø hh Ý h d uf a Ù ]„uˆf a Vkcof m d–Z-j-c a V h j-Û _
ò h …[]„\£Ú(Zø m VYc'f a V h j-ۄá ' ]yâ ã h \bÝ:á ƒQä ô v/_
Ó ƒ ð í (Ô 'r_ é _ …"fj~´f"u l ]oj _ . aih c Ù f"Û a Vkc l \ h c„]oÛbÛ^]oÛ VYj lÙ pÛbVkcoÛ f"j-n c Ù ]„uVYÛ a \bp _ ' h \ a Ù t
× h mkm f"j-nõá ë uŠÛ a ]„\^n)fu~á ßd h \bnõá ' ]yâ ã h \bݙá Ø h ÝKp h á ƒ'ä[åƒ[_
Ó ƒ ð vzÔëH_ ,˜_ò h ø\bpj-VkjŒf"j-n Õ_ ãf _ ê¤\^Z-Ý Ù VYu h …Vkc Ùõ_³èWm Z-c a Z)f a V h j]„ý]oc a ۚVkj a Ù ] a Ù ] h \bp
h dHâe]of"ݱÛ^Z l ]o\bco\§p/Û a f mYm V`'f a V h j±VkjÆø m h cݞc h l h m puŠ]o\CÛbpÛ a ]ouŠÛ h dFc h u l-m Vkcof a ]„n
c Ù ]„uVYc'f m Û a \bZ-c a Z-\^] _ û_ Ú Ù pÛ _ ÕbÕ è \if"j-c„]/á ƒ ù ƒ[·ƒ 1 ` ƒ ð å 0  í ï í-á ƒQä[äƒ[_
Ó ƒ ð[ô Ô ´ _ ÜeVkj-n]o\ _ Ú Ù f"Ûb] a \^f"j-ÛbV a V h j-Û h d l h m puŠ]o\(ø m ]oj-n-Ûef"j-nŒø m h c݊c h l h m puŠ]o\Ou] m a Û
VYj a Ù VkjC m uÛ _ ë n/… _ Ú h m!_ .coV _ á ƒ ð å ` ƒ|î/ä[ï á ƒQä[ä[å_
Ó ƒ ð 0 (Ô 'r_ Ú _ ܚf m Ûif"\^fáÜ _× fuu h Z-n)f/áÚ _ ´ _ ´”]oÛifj-V!:á . _ ,˜_û h j-j)f m f"XKf"n-n-fáKf"j-nŒé _ Þ _
. a \if a p
j/t‡Û^V a ZÛ^uf tf"jX ]j-]„Z a \ h jsÛbc'f aba ]„\^VkjXŒd–\ h uœfø h cÝ~c h h pu]„\•Û h t
Zm a V h jC_FZ-j-Õ n-]„\,Û Ù ]of"\ _ mkó—m f"c„\ mh u h m ]„coZ m ]oۄá æ 0 ù 2ä 1 ` æ v ô"ô î æ v 0 ð á ƒ'm ä[ä í _ l m
Ó ƒ ð åÔHû_O×H_Oú f"Z-\b]o\„á{Ü _ . _ Ú¤Vkj Ù ]oVk\ h á òF_(ú¤_ Ú h m Vkۄášf"jn´ _(Õ_¤Ö Vkj-]yp _ Ú³]o\^ÛbVkÛ a ]ojco]
h drÛbZ-\bdgf"c„]Vkj-nZ-co]„n±f m VYX[j-uŠ]oj a VYjžø m h cÝDc h l h m p/uŠ]o\bیZ l h j m f\^X[]—f"u lm V a Z-n-]
h ÛbcoV mkm f aih \§pˆÛ Ù ]'f"\ l \ h c„]oÛbÛ^VkjX _ ó—f"c„\ h u h m ]„coZ m ]oۄá ðKæ-ù ƒ?v 1 `ñí ä[ä"ä?îv"ï[ï ð á ƒ'ä[ä[ä_
Ó ƒ ð äÔr× f"V Ø f"j-X£f"j-nr´ _'èe_'è \b]o]„n _ ./Z\bdgf"c„] l \ h l ]o\ a VY]oÛ h d/Û^]„uV5tŸVkj/)j-V a ] nVkø m h cÝ£c h l h m pt
uŠ]o\{uŠ] m a Û _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á ä 0 ùgô 1 `ñí[í ä ô î í v"ï íá ƒQä"ä æ _
Ó ƒ í ïÔ ó _ ´”VkÝZ-c Ù V‰f"jnˆ´ _ ÜeVkjn-]o\ _ ó~Vkc„\ h lÙ f"Û^]£Û^] l f"\^f a V h jVYj a Ù Vkj* m uÛ h d a Ù ]£Ûbput
uŠ] a \^Vkc”nVkø m h cÝ[tŸc h l h m puŠ]o\euŠ] m a _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á ƒQïƒ ù í 1 ` ð[ð[ô 0 î ð[ð 0T0/á ƒ'ä[ä í _
Ó ƒ í ƒoÔ é _ Üe\ h â,j˜f"j-n ëH_ Þ Ù f"Ý\ifø)f"\ a V _ ./Z\bdgf"c„]ytŸVYj-n-Z-c„]on h \^n-]„\^VYj-XqVYjHø m h cݕc h l h m p/uŠ]o\
uŠ] m a Û _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á ƒQïƒ ù í 1 ` ð[ð ƒ'ï?î ð[ð ƒ 0/á ƒ'ä[ä í _
Ó ƒ í æ Ô é _ Üe\ h â,j—f"j-n ë˜_ Þ Ù f"Ý\ifø)f"\ a V _ \^n-]„\^VkjX h d¡ø m h c݌c h l h m puŠ]o\{uŠ] m a Û,Vkjc h jt
)j]on—X"] h uŠ] a \bp _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á ƒQï æ-ùgð 1 ` ƒ í[í ï? í[í å á ƒ'ä[ä í _
676# $8
ÿE&
676
8
Ó ƒ í ð Ô ´ _ ÜeVYj-n-]„\oá ×H_Qú¤_oè \bVkÛbc Ù ázf"j-n!. _ . a ] l fj h â _ ./Z-\§dgf"co]¤]yý‰]„c a Û h j”ø m h cÝqc h l h m p/uŠ]o\
uŠð ] m a •Û fø h …[] a Ù ] h \bn-]o\tŸn-VYÛ h \bn-]o\ a \^f"j-Û^V a V h j _ û_ Ú Ù pÛ _ ÕbÕ è \if"jco]á0 ù ƒQï1 ` ƒ ð v ð î
ƒ 0 å á ƒQä"ä 0 _
Ó ƒ í[í Ô ó _ÖÂ_ ó—f a Ûb]oj _ Ø{Ù Vkj² m uŠÛ h d1ø m h cÝ=c h l h m pu]„\ _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á
ƒQï ô)ù ƒQå 1 W` 00 åƒyî 00 äƒ á ƒQä[ä 0 _
Ó ƒ í vzÔr×r_ Ú _× ZVkj-VYj-Ý:á û_ Þ _ ó _ Üe\ h ÝÝ]oj/t ü V+* l áó _ëH_ …"fj ò Vh*bÝ:áf"j-nˆé _û_KëH_ ./]„…VYj-Ý _
ë Û^æ-Ûbpù uŠ`] æ a í \^Vkcsæ ø æ m í h ôKcæݬá cæ h l h m pu]„\^Ûc h j/)j-]on¢VYj“f a Ù VYj  m u _ û_ Þ Ù ]ou _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á
ƒ[ƒ v 1 v î
ï[ï[ï/_
Ó ƒ í ô Ôr×r_ Ú _× ZVkj-VYj-Ý:áó _ë˜_ …f"j ò +V *bÝ:á û_ Þ _ ó _ Üe\ h ÝÝ"]„j/t ü hV * l áf"j-nˆé _û_KëH_ ./]„…VYj-Ý _
./Z\bdgf"c„]ytŸVYj-n-Z-c„]on a \^f"j-ÛbV a V h j-Û Vkj a VkjF uÛ h df"ÛbpuŠu] a \bVkcenVkø h cÝc h h pu]„\^Û
m l m _
ó—fco\ h u h m ]oc„Z m ]„Ûoá ð í ù ƒ?v 1 ` v ðKæ vQîv Ùð[ð ï á æm ï[ïƒ"_
Ó ƒ 1í 0 Ô é _-û_/ë˜_ ./]„…Vkjݙá ë˜_ ,F_)ü …"] m Vkj-n h …Û^ÝKp"á)Ü _ëH_ Þ _ …f"j ,•m VkuŠu]„\^]oj‰á 'H_ ó _ ó—f"Zt
\bV a ۄá£f"j-n é ê ó \^f[f"Vh*b] pj)f"uŠVkc„Û h drÛbZ-\bdgf"c„]n-Vk\b]oc a ]on±uŠ]oÛ h f"Ûb]
d h \buˆf a V h j1ûVk_ j­ø _ m h cÝ+_ c h _šl hè m puŠ]o\_¢uŠò ] m a Û _ û_ Þ Ù ]„u _ Ú Ù pÛ _ á ƒ[ƒQï ù í 1 ` æ[æ vï?î l-æ[Ù æ v ô á
ƒQä"ä[ä_
Ó ƒ í åÔëH$_ jZÝVšf"j-n û_¤è Z-ÝZ-n)f _ ê m ]oc a \^VYcˆ)] m n1]„ý]oc a Û*f"j-n1d h \bu øVk\^]yd–\^VYj-X[]ojco]ŒVYj
n-VYø m h c݈c h l h m puŠ]o\^Û _ ó—f"c„\ h u h m ]„coZ m ]oۄá æ å ùæ"ô 1 ` å 0 å"å?î/å 0 ä[v á ƒQä[äKv/_
Ó ƒ í äÔ ó _ Þ _ Þe\ h Û^Û¡fj-nFÚ _ Þ _z× h Ù ]ojø™]o\bX _ Ú f a^a ]o\bjHd h \buˆf a V h j h Z a ÛbVkn-] h d-]„þZ-V m Vkø-\bVkZ-u _
ì ]„… _ ó h n _ Ú Ù p/Û _ á ô v ùgð 1 ` åKv/ƒ á ƒQä[ä ð _
Ó ƒ?v"ïÔ ó _ …f"j × ]„cÝ"]áÚ _ Þ _"× h Ù ]„jø]„\^X-áf"jn ÖÂ_ …f"3j .f"f"\ m h/h Û _/ë u lm V a Z-n-]O]oþZ)f a V h jÛ
d h \ l f a^a ]„\^j›d h \^uŠVkj-X*Û§p/Û a ]„uÛ _{Õ j ×H_ …f"j—Üe]oVh*b]o\^]„j f"jnó _™×H_ ê¤\^jÛ a á™]onV aih \^Ûoá
è Z-j-í n-f"u]„j a f m l \ h ø m ]„uÛ VYj Û a f a VYÛ a VYc'f m uŠ]oc Ù f"j-Vkc„Û ,¦Õ^Õ^Õ?_ ê m Ûb]„…Vk]„\oá ë uŠÛ a ]o\^n-f"u~á
ƒQä"ä _
Ó ƒ?v/ƒoÔëH_ Ú _ Ú(\bZ-n-j-VYÝ h …™á"ãOZ _"ëH_ Üe\§p/c Ù Ý h …™áf"jn _zÕ_ ó—f\^Vkc Ù ]„… _ Õ j a ]oX"\if m Û f"j-n Ûb]o\^VY]oÛ?á
… h m Z-uŠ] ð `eó h \^]Û l ]„coV«f m d–Zj-c a V h j-Û _ é h \bn h j~f"j-n~Üe\^]of"c Ù ./c„Vk]„j-co]HÚ¤Z-ø m VYÛ Ù ]„\^ۄá
ë uÛ a ]o\bn)f"u›á ƒQä[ä"ï_
Ó ƒ?v æ Ô . _ì_eì ]oj¬fj-n Õ_(ÖÂ_e× f"u m ]„p _ Þe] mkm npj)f"uŠVkc„ÛˆÛbVkuFZ m f a V h j-Û h d•uVYco\ h l-Ù f"Ûb]
Ûb] l f"\^f a V h jVkjø m h cÝc h l h m puŠ]o\bÛ _ ó—f"c„\ h u h m ]ocoZ m ]oۄá ð í ù ·ƒ 1 ` ƒ[ƒ ô  æ"ô á æ ï[ï/ƒ[_
Ó ƒ?v ð Ô Ü _ë˜_ Þ _ …f"j ,¦m VkuŠuŠ]o\^]„jõá 'r_ ó _ ó—f"Z-\bV a Ûoá ë˜_$,F_šü …[] m Vkj-n h …ÛbÝp"á•é _eû_eë˜_
./]y…Vkj-Ý:á”f"jn
é _ ê _ ó _,è \if[f"hV *b] _ ./VYuFZ m f a V h j h d ð n±uŠ]oÛ h Û^c'f m ]Û a \^Z-c a Z-\b]
û
_
d h \buˆf aù V h jˆVkjˆc h j-c„]oj a \^f a ð-]„ù n—fþZ] h Z-Û,Û h m Z a V h ð j ùh d a Ù ] a \^VYø m h cÝ l h ð m pu]„\eù Û^Z\bdgf"c|t
a f"j a Û ] a Ù p m ]„j-] h ß/Vkn-] 1yƒ l \ h l p m ]oj-] h ß/VYn-] 1 ï ] a Ù p m ]„j-] h ß/Vkn-] 1yƒ fj-n l \ h l pKt
muŠ]oj-]']f"jh t‡ß/)Vk]n] n1yƒ'n-ä ]où j] Û^a V Ù a ppˆm ]od–Z-jj-] c h a ßV h VYn-j-] f 1 ð[a ð)ù ]l h \ \§h p l p ó—m ]„j-f"] c„\ h h ß/u Vkn-h ] 1y]„ƒQcoä/Z _ ]of ۄlá l-ðKm æ VYc'` ôf ía V ô h j ô h d:ô ánpj)f"uŠVkc
m
m Ù _
m m
î v ƒQä[ä[ä_
Ó ƒ?v í ÔëH_(Ö ]o\bj-]o\ˆf"j-nžé _(×r_è \b]on-\bVkcÝÛ h j _¬ë \^c Ù V a ]„c a Z-\if m ]yý‰]„c a Û h j a Ù ]—Û a f"øV m V a p
m VkuŠV a Û h dWf"øc”ø m h c݌c h l h m p/uŠ]o\bÛ _ û_ Ú h m pu _ ./c„V _ á ð v ù v&1 ` å í ä á ƒQä[ä 0 _
ÿ1%
iJjFk
l-mn(j!o oqpm/r
òNÛ s`t)uvxw:øy{† z Û=|| ÝÙvx| s`z}t)uv=†`y‡Û ˆ yX~1t=yyXˆ vxt$yÛ yX~!t^Û ÙyÛ wvxsGysGy$† y€yXv‚T~yv=s`~ƒ ø y Ûx† | Ùv=s * z}t Ûx€A| T~!wv=s`y† ~:„
t…Zt‚sGy €TA† ~ w „ âwuw Ý Û yyv y † wTz‰ y t=y~FƒTyX€w ƒø yq€AT~[â yXy~"TT~ƒy yƒT[Az Ù1Šs`z}€Ty Y‹
׌y{tw:y €AT~Žs`t yv s y-€w ƒyX~y-€v‚TƒyX~]t=y yT~Et wwv=y~V
 
× w:ˆ yqQÙ T~Û ƒTùtÛ=yN| wvxy{Û „ ⠁A† ~wv=yNw€ˆ yvxƒE† T~ƒ Û t‚y ˆ uyv=þ At‚ŠŠv#Az€AT~Jˆ †y |Û t=v=† w ˆ sG~Û ƒ Û uQZ| „
v= y{t‚yXv Zz 1Ù Šs`z ~y Ù ys`?wAzV u s`t‚Šy#y~<z‘v=y Šy~Et‚s`y‹1qy~
w y Š AsGv=y t=v=Š „
t=ŠŠvŒ’
 Ö9y †YÝ y-z ‡Û s xÛ | Ùy ˆ y | ÙQT~s =Û ˆ y~ s * ~Ž€Tyv=T~Et â wwv=y † s *bÝ €wwvHs“tHƒyv=Tƒ?’
 9
Ö y †YÝ y[wTv=sGyX~Et…AÛt=sGy-€Aˆ T~”Ûy!ƒywTv=ˆ yX~y!Û z‰ Û y ˆ ù † † ˆ | y † †`† Ts`vwTÛ z¡Ù y| ß TƒwT~Q † 1•s ÛqÛ t… ø sGy †
€Tw:wv•ƒTyƒy{€y~ t=v=w sG~ƒ uQTv= yXt‚yXv yX~
w y Š TsGvxy t‚v=Š t‚ŠŠvŒ’
 ÖUAtHs Û ÙyXt ˆ y | ÙQT~s =Û ˆ yI | ÙEt‚yXvŒy y Û y † y | t‚s`y(’
ˆ
ø â
ø Ý â
Û Û
y y(€v=Tƒy|~Ž
t‚y yA~1t wwv=yX~”
Ý
Û
† ƒy v=ŠxÛ s | yX~ y(yˆ y~Tâ ~ƒyuQ t‚y-€Tyv sGyIxÛ ‡€AÛ T~Žˆ y
ti Ù | ywvxsGy#| €ATø ~* &
è vxyvxs âwT~V‹¡–Õ ~ŠÙ yXtƒy„Ù y y•uÛ v=wˆ yXz Ù v=s“z}tC~y ø y~ yŒT~<Q| ZtÙ yXÛ t t=yy
Ù s EÙ „t â s ÝÝ y•wTv=Û y—Û=„ | T~wvxy#w€yXv=ƒET~ƒ t=y Û uyXv‚At=ŠŠÛ v yX€sG~:t‹¡Nò s“t ˆ w| v=vxy Û uw~| yyXvxt
ˆs "
yXt Ù yXt
 â y#Ýz‰Ý y † Ù ysGsG~ ƒ‹ Ý –Õ ~Fás“t y y | s`t=ŠQAát=â sGy$s yƒTy wvxy~†YÛ y s Û vxw t‚v=Š t‚Û ŠŠv
~s`yXtCƒw:yX
wvxy~Žƒy sGyX~ yXy~ ŠuyXv=uw s“t‚† s`y
ˆ w=Û ~E| t s y | JyX~Û y y TÛ ~ sG†`~?
† uv=s`~ s`uy
€AÛ T~?t^Ùyv â s ÛbÙÛ y †Y⠊ Ý t‚ŠQZt‚sGy ‹¡
Û^Û Ö9y t‚=Û y | yX~3€Tw:† wvQAtC yŒwø v=s`*y~Et…AÝ t=sGy•w€Ý yXv=ƒE A~| ƒFÙy{tƒÛ y{€w ƒ
s €AT~]y s y yv s`~ƒ3t=Š y~”Az 1Ù Šs“z}€y yX~y y s ~QZ„ vxs`t‚s`y y Š t‚ŠQAt=sGy ‹
ÕÛ ~ÂŒ× wwTz‘ Û t‚Š ™Ý ˜ ƒy{Ü€yø~ † â |yšÝ | yyX~f†“w;‡:€Tˆ yv s | EÙ Û=t›ˆ €AT† ~¹Ù y{t ø y â Û t‚|T~y â yXvÛ•Ý ø w† €Tyv Ù *by{Ý t
–
z‰ y"ƒyv=T| ƒJ€AT~›yy~ë
w ‡„ wuˆ w =Û | yyXv
y t-sG~œy{€yX~ s EÙ t‹Šâ N
ò s`| tbs ÛF>Û ‡/y Û T~ˆ ƒvxs á
€wwv(

?
y

Ù
E
‚
t
y
x
v
ƒ
=
v
T
w
~
9

A
€
T

9
~

?
y

~

s
Ù
3
y
i
t
Ù
X
y
w
=
v
`
s
"
y
€
w
w
I
v
~
G
s
{
y
x
t
–
„
{
y
€
X
y
~
†
xÛ |
â
â
Ý
Ý
†
†G†
Û
ø
xÛ | s â EÙ t â t‚y yX~
s`y ˆ Zt‚yv(† sG~Us`†t[uv=wyXz Ùv=s“z}t wv=ø tF† w~Et s y Vø ‹
ë yXv=yXyv t y ÙwŠ yX~ yyay
ƒy† Û s`y â y{„€y štiÙ yXwv=s`y]€AT~
ú yܓs ø y† vF|€TÝ w:wT| v?s †`‡† ˆ w |Ý „ | wuˆ w †`‡ˆ â yXv=†G†yX~VÝ ‹-ò TTv=~Q›ƒ† yX~yvM„
 s yXv=†`yX† ~ Û yFy ø y[tiÙ yÝ wvxsGyI€wâ wv¦ë
w „ wuwˆ?ˆ yXv=yX~
yXt s y yŠvxÝ sGƒy-t‚Ý wTuw wÛ ƒs`yT‹
Û
Ø yv<s | Š t‚v‚†`‡Zˆt‚sGy yv=y yX~y=Û †~ yŽyJÛ z‰ y—„–sGTƒâ v= y~9| €wwvÙ wwƒA„O€Tyv>t… t‚y yXt‚yX~|ÝÛ y~
)
v=s`~ƒA„ w† uw
yvxy~V‹³Ø yX~ wTt=t=yHuv=y y~Et=yv=yX~ yŒy Š t‚ŠAt‚s`yHt^Ù ywTv=sGy•€AT~ŠQ
è v=yXv=s w~
y~~Œ
× y z‰T~V‹ Û Ý æ ˆ † â
ˆ
ø y =Û | –Õ Ù~“v=s ×* €Tw:ywA~Vz‘‹  t=Ö9Š y ø y z‘Ûwt‚v ŠŠ yvxyyvx~ y~ y y9†  yXˆ y~^y †G† tiTÙ sGvxyXyžwv=z‰s` yžÛ y w áH⠁Ay›vx€wwvxsGwyv ~Et‚⠁At‚yDs`y{ل–wyX€Tt yv=ˆ ƒTw~ƒy †yX~Ÿ€ATt=~ y
è v=yXv=s |݆GÛ † w†G~/† ƒy ø v=Šs Ý yX~”t‚Û yXv ø yu † s`~† ƒ3€AT~y[Û vxy † At‚s`yX€y Û t‚ ø=Û | s † s`t=ys“t#€A† T~”y † ww:v=y | EÙ t=y
Q
yÛ=| ~¡uQTv= â y ywvxsGy~Et‚At‚Û s`y t‚Û yX~¢
† ƒyX€Tw ƒTy]€AT~ø t‚At‚s`wø ~QTÛ=s`| v=y]Aâ z 1Ù Šs“z}€y † V‹¬–Õ ~¡s`t?u†`v=† wyXz£„
Ù v=s`z}t w|v=Ý:Û tbÛ yIt‚v=ہT~ † €yv  y[wvxsGyX~1t‚⠁At‚s`y Šs“t‚yÛ ~ y Ù wŠ sG~ƒƒT†Gy † Z† t‚† y~Y‹eN
ë A| ~1€Š | yXÛ^~Û 
wuQ
è v=yXv=ø s =Û | w~ â vxy Š â t…Zt‚y~œ€sG~y~ Û y<y"uw s`t=ˆ sGy(| €TA~žÛ yF=Û | uQTv= y „ ww:v=y EÙ t â vxw *x „
wÝ €yXv-y~ â y ø Ù*wTŠ y~ †G† y"yF€:=Û | vxw:yXƒy t‚TsG?€AT~ ß s vxwTˆ z‰ y ن yXsGs`Û ~ƒ‹(Nuœˆ?y ˆ y s y
Š~~yX| ~
y s ~Q y?yXsGƒyX~ Q
Ù AuuyX~š€TA~Pyy uyvxs y~Et‚y y3z‰ y—„–sGTƒv‚ y~žv=y—„
uvxw:Š yvxy~V‹
ÿE5
¤EC¥F¦§¨Q:© ©ª§ ×ŒÛ wwTø z‘ Û t‚Š Ý ð † ø yX€A⠁At Û w:wTÝ vxt‚† ƒTy † øs *bÝ † y ø yv=y *bÝ Ý yX~sG~ƒTy~œ€wÛ>w‡:vbˆ3ˆy˜Ùy ß Aƒw~Q † y!z‰ Û ÛšyT‹¦ˆ ò-Tv>† „
~Q t yoÙQT~y y~
y«yX~ y y y A~ƒv=s y¡sG~Et‚yXv=~y
yXt‚vxs‰yX_ ~ €TA~¬w~
w:y ‹
Ö9yyXv=w ˆµâ wÛ vxt¦ÝŽÙíyXtø y ß Û uyv=s ˆ yX~Et‚ây † yNz‰ Û y—„–sG†Tƒv= ˆ ƒTyv=ˆ yXuv=† w| Š † | yyXv=VÛ ‹ |
–Õ ~DŒ
× wwTz‘ t=Š y t‚Š† yvxy~ yJyJs`~E€ w:yXU€AT~ Û w y Ý Š æ TsGvxy ð t‚vxŠ t=ŠŠv"wu1ÙÛ y{t
wvxsGy~Et‚Aˆ?t‚s`ˆ y/ƒyv‚Tƒ‹ÁøU
Ö † y |Ý At‚| yX~ †`sG‡yXˆ~^QAtJy›s`~±×Œw wTz‘Ý t=† Š *bÝ yX ~ † ƒ y{€* w~y~Ÿz‰ †“‡ y—„
ˆ sGTƒv‚ ˆ y~b€Tw:wTv)s w † „ wuw ù ø † yXv=|yXÝ~(Ûoá~Û sGyXt­~w:w á  | y s ÙyXt y z‘y s ~(€Tw:wvˆ uw „
yv=yX~ yXtTÛ ~yXv=ybt=wu
ˆ w Û wƒ† s‰y_| ~ t=v=sø w † t‚yXv=vxy~ yXt ‹*1—‹¡ÖUyŒ€:s`~yX~yyX~uQTv= y{t‚yXv
s`y-y y/®>z‰ Û y{„O
sÝ £Aƒ°v‚Û  †`† y y â t‚s`y¯ yuQ V‹ Þ
–Õ ~Œ
× wwTz‘ †`† t‚†`Š † t‚y yX~ ø y!* €wwvbQZtNy xÛ | „Ow€ÛyvxƒET† ~ƒ ù Ù yXt â yXyvxw ˆ €Tyv =Û | Ù xÛ s | * ~y~
€AT~Jy-uQÛ=Aˆ v‚ † y Ûoy•á:wˆ vxsGyX~1t‚At‚s`y s yvx⠃Ù wƒyIAz 1Ù Š s`z ~Ý y Ù ys`D1CƒyXy~JsG~Et=yÝ v=~y-Û ysGƒTy~ ÝQ
Ù Tu
€AT~CÙ y{t â y t#s
TTvQ=Û Z| tHy y | †Œwˆ vxt•€yXv=wwv  tH| wˆ wv#yXy~J€wwv yŠv „OsG~Et‚yX=Û v‚ˆ  t‚† s`y
€Aà T~¢y A~¢€AT~± y/Az 1Ù Šs“z£Û „ y †`† yXt?yyX~¢€ATâ ~¢y w Û uwT~y~Et‚yX~¢
y Þ t‹
ˆ €AT~Ù y{t
s“t‚ƒETT~y(
T
€
A

œ
~

y
<
y
T
€
y
x
v
w
~

X
y
v
=
t
y
G
s
~
ƒ
:
€
`
s
~

X
y
~
"
y
X
y
y
›
~
‰
z

—
y
–
„

G
s
T

ƒ
‚
v

Q

A

I
t
~
`
s
X
y
N
t

y
ø
†
â
ø
*x
|
†kۄ
w€yXv=ƒEÞ T~ƒ yX€AAt‹rÛ 9
Ö y €:s`~yX~ y s w~yXvNƒyXv‚TƒŽQZtN€wwv^Ù yy~œt=y~›w~vxy EÙ t‚y?
yyX~ „Ow€yvxƒETÛ ~ƒ3Ý s ô ƒyXø sG~ExÛ t‚| yXv=uvxyXâ t=yyvxV⠋
–Õ ~1Œ
× wwTz‘ t‚Š y Ù wŠ y~ yayy~šw =Û | s †G† ˆyv=yX~y?Az =Û | á 1Ù Šs“z}€y ˆ † V‹† UÖ y † At=y~ sGyX~
QAt
þ Ù y{twvxsGy~Et‚At‚s`y]ƒTÛyv=Tˆ ƒPAz–Ù T~ƒTt3Û €Aˆ3Tˆ ~±s`ƒyby]ƒt‚yy ø sGyXuyyv=~JAt‚€AŠTŠ~v Ù y{t•y”z‰  Û y—u „–s“sGt‚TŠƒv‚yJ ˆ ²³Ý yw ~¡ˆ yX~ y
z‘v=y Šˆ y~Et‚† s`yN´¡€AT~Jy t‚vxþ w s`~ƒ‹ –Õ ~ †YÛ w
ˆ
á á
† *bÝ
y! u s“t‚Š† y-yX~”yIz‘v=y Šy~Et‚s`yF yy~uQTÛ v=† * y{t‚yX| v ²”†Y´Û €wwvHsG~]á y!€Tyvxƒy s Ý sGˆŠ
~ƒTÛ y~V‹
Q
:
¼
Ֆ~ŽQAß t•ƒTyX€Aˆ ƒTyv=TƒTt•Ûy(µ!¶¸·w€yXv=ƒET~ƒ „ s ~ s َ ²Œ¹ªº»Ÿ´ w;€Tyvxyy~ w t=sGƒ
Ù y{tŒy u=Û yX† v=s y~EtH€AT~›â ú ys t"½{‡¾OÛ¿N=Û ÀT| Á“¿
=Û | * Û †
Û t=Š Ý Ø yX®^~Nò s ÛxwT| t=Š t=ÛbyŒÛ ƒTsGwTyX~"€yXT~ ~ yŒÞ wTyH~ |z † Š Û s s`w~Ù ¯yb‹³sG~E–Õ ~"t=ywv=u~ v= yXyt‚€At‚s Û s`y#s`y €Aø Ty ~Û t…Ù yXAt$~"€yXvywÙvxsGs yX~~1t‚Ay t‚s`sGy{~Š„Ow;Ù €TyXytvxƒEŒ× Tw~wTƒz‘yX:~ „
Ý Ý | Û
*
†
|
†
âww v=Aty vxs`t=sGy xÛ | y Š t=ŠQ† At‚s`ˆ y ƒÝ y~ysGƒT Û s ~<Ý sG~3ˆ y y z‘yŒ vxs | EÙ t‚s`~ƒIt‚Û y s`ƒƒÛ y~Y‹WN
ò yŒT~:„
ø y y =Û | s`ك[Ùv=s yX* sG€T›y~€TAÙ ~UwyFAz yyX~›Ù1ŠTs`~z}€Ts yÛ wT t=v=wuTy  tŠ | Ùt‚yXŠt At‚s`uy{y „•t‚svx| Š EÙ tiÙ yX€AsGT/~ yXyŠ~ øt=ŠQyAuQt=sGy † Ty!~ws v=wTs`yt=~Ev=t…wAwt=uVsGy ‹FÝ Ö9T~ y
Û t‚ ø s † s Û yvxy~ á yX~~Ù w:y-y y(yIwv=y{„ ⠁T~wTv=yIw€yXv=ƒET~ƒ Û t=y ˆ uyXv‚At=ŠŠv ø yXsG~E€ † wyt‹
Fly UP