天体輻射場に照らされた古問題

582῍8582 4῍698῍1
e-mail: [email protected]
%&'()*!
+,- $%(./012345
!"# $
)*!
+,6
"7 !879:;<*=>?@A*BC =>BDE:F<GH:I*
JK
LM
*NOP+Q876 RS# =>B:TUVWXYZ
:I* [A\]A*^
F UD.+!* dd†
1. % †N‡`ˆ%ῌoˆ%ῌ@sD%
2 !"#$%& '()* +
,+-./0 1* 5 2 3345
6+ 3 278%9 :;<;<= >
?
@AB
!"C D.E
F+4 :G=& 2005 !HIJ+
KLMN!# COPF8Q04
R0SNFF%
D+$%& D`0oˆ%!\]* 1970 "
0‰&Š‚"#4!# sCsC‚
'‹@(%)*…%&
() +ŒU'oˆ%!,e@ _
4ŽbDFf‘%
D0u 33
‚yƒ„+’`%C3.&
D`0,e*TeD“”•%!#
D0&
,-–s#9d.C —,eD˜
TUV!WX'Y!Z0[
.™N* SN˜š& ›Q/U4c
* \]!^*_` aE_
F :œG= uN už4!# Ÿ#
b`c$%& D/d !U!ef
+ "00¡#%&
CD 1939 0 Hoyle D Lyttleton gh
R#*
!¢!£0 !H¤\]'
ij῎klmjmno (Hoyle῍Lyttleton accre-
¥!J¦1#˜b@+Œ0 U
' 1952 0 Bondi pqnro
,e#§8_Žb@¨©
tion)
1)
(Bondi accretion)
2)
4C3.& st
&
!efCD Edouard Roche (1820῍1883) 0u%
ª« 2 ¬#*hij῎klmjmno@ 3
vl;wxyn;zj (Roche potential) !\]
¬#qnro@ 4 ¬#vl;wxyn;zj
* 19 {|0s#F!}% vl;wxyn
@ ­ 5 ¬#®¯n°ƒ±nb0²³
;zj0~9%Y +!€0u`p8
p%&
3)
%&
8!"##* TeC9@$
U4b* +.Dc‚yƒ
„*…4C3.&
418
$D ­!P0 ´µ¶nmn†0²
C9 ³p~F·d484C3.&
+ŒU¸¹º0†%ef ,»!
1¼2
2006 8 ¼
!
!" 2 #
$%
& '() *'+
,-./01(%234. +$%
'5() 6789:
8; <
=>; ?@AB?
@C
0 4 6DE'ῌFG
s1
gi῍‚>;i;Ma
2ῌ4$%
3 4'H4@F IJKLM;MF
i῍‚>;i;Ma'‹ (Eddington luminosity
N 4OP&2% $ 0Π2 #
$V'U%
&Q&R
'FU%24@ CŽ
3JKLM;MF&STF
(1^G) ./qŽ'R
,UV! IWXY$VFN G 4$
& gi῍‚>;i;Ma'‹! (1^G) .
3 G ' 1 4@' Z
/ qgi῍‚>;i;Ma
4C'H-U%2[\. V4]) a( a'‹ 2 #
' M 4@ 'F L W
& 2 #
$V'U
XY$VF G
&FU%24 Z
%'FU%24 a( ƒ"
' M & M (1^G) UV
-H! (1^G)2 ./
_`&R !U4! 3(
% q(Vgi῍‚>;i
FU%2-& abb[
;Ma‘2% ’)“*” &•–! +
Fc- $U%
—˜$V34'R ™$2šj•
2. ῏ῌῑῌῐ῍῎ῑ῎ῒΐ῔
–*›4)9,)5), 6)œ%2V.4$% 33
&s$%ž3
de>fghij'kl78$%
|Ÿ -./ 1997 0¡¢£¤¥ ¦§¨G
02%24 +U%6m
'FU%2-gi῍‚>;
n2op'qr34 s
i;Maž2% (Œ'FŒ©,
1
tuv wq(%@V78Z
UV4@ 1ªŽ2«V
x/%?y@zq
4784l0Œ'¨@ F
(' wq5{q)+|| t}
Œ«%3¬&@24
v ~(%2 $w$.4 78
¯U% 78Z žž°U±
Œ
Z
q(% t}v €wq
1ªx/ 3(' I1ª (radia-
!} a
$%$| 3(' Igi῍
tion drag)N &R +$%C$% ‚>;i;MaN ƒ"#„&R
1ª²³4!Vq34'´ ST |Vr…$†Hm‡%[&ˆ
'‰Š!}34'
2­®
1ªµ5$V- CŽ¶·
34'wUV s 2
3n2o|(%[&ˆ'‹ Igi῍
s 2 ¸¹WXY$VF G, º¹
‚>;i;Ma'‹N 4O)(%2 3g
'FU%22-gi῍‚>;i;Ma
6 99 »
68¼
419
g#hij>)6/6#3 !
kl-"-UC/J9:-m,/ 3nop
qrstu D1998 v
wxyzH {|
}~!€‚'9J)6$% ƒ„
#"…/C‚†#"…#$%-‡6)j>
ˆ ‚‰1BO"kŠ‹b
F ‚#„ŒJŽ' y 9.
9 ‹ cos y -@῏.‘6‹’“”•'
<J)6 –#—L ˜™῍-.‚
&2
ῑ129ῑ178'¹O
ῌ
#š› Dœ iH 9˜™῍#{|Œ#žF#‹Ÿ
 f 9-“”) ¡῎ῌ¢£
-‡¤b-¥.S9!*J D& 3, 4H
ῌ
& 4 #¦Œ"
G, §Œ{|}
! 0, 0.05
~!"J)6/6$%#
ῌ
" 0.1 " 0.2 " 0.3 "#$%
ῌ
& 2 '()*+,- ! 0 ./
e#¨ƒ„/"…#$%
*0ῑ123456)ῑ178!5/69:
;©m9ª«C (1?G) -@῏)ABC/
;-<=>+,- ῌ
¬6 pole-on (i­0) #$% 
(1?G) -@῏)ABC/ DE!
‚#ῑ1$‚-®G‹’-‘C/J)6
F#GH e ƒ„/$%+FB-ABC/
!I:C/9 ῑ
178#5:-+J) ῑ12#KLM0NB
¯# edge-on (i­90῍) #$%
O ῌ (1?G) P#
῍O#{|Œ#žF#‹Ÿ f !°±²# 0
G+F<QR)6CS9!* &#T#
D‚#³'´H °±³# 80῍ D‚#¦‹
UVW<XO)6
’'´H S# edge-on #$%
9SYS#Z[ 3B/\]!^_
ῑ1$9`aῐbKL D /"H
# 1 c#UVde# &3
420
!"#f
‹Ÿ! 90῍ D‚#µ¦'´H $%- 
‚‰1#¶·¸O/6
˜™ῌ<ƒ„"…9‚†"…I:
‚#œ i, ῍#‹Ÿ f, ‚„Œ#Ž y.
}º»¼
2006 v 8 »
H G M 1 IHF-ῑ+,
MNOPQ RST+,῎UVLWXYZ
F[
@
\M ]]^῏L4), 6)
7_`ab 1999 cdefg +,hiM jk+,hi lmn%
7o!pΐq+,hi457r!>st
u!]I῕v7)7wM hiMoI
hixyoz7:x{|}~M€
‚!hi45I=9> &'(ῌ)*(
+,ƒ„…+,῎M†‡]IM‡ˆ‰
4
hi—¹M.IH&'(ῌ)*(
+,ƒ„
3. ῍῎ῌ῏ῐ
Š‹*Œ&(ZŽῒM ῌ
‘’ST7 ‘’ST72>“2%7 ”•
>!IL 6 –:;—˜ Žῒ
7STM῍™Lš› œ7žŸ
¡¢£¤ (H. Bondi 1952) 7¥¦
§£¤+,¨ I>©
\>! ª«¬›ˆ
STM῍™LQˆ
!‡­x®῍™7
ˆI!;I B–;! ST7¯
ῒM.‰> –\M῍™U°•:;7€
7 £¤+,x®῍™I±‰F7
‰>!
+,ST²³! L‡¥´4…«µ
ZU¶·7©7 ST¯ῒF¸ῐ
5
hi—¹M.IH&'(ῌ)*(
+,῎
5
5 G !"
#$%&'(ῌ)*(+,῎
-ῑ+,῎. /012345
6789:;7 (1<G)2 7=῔>?@
A!B0 pole-on +, (iC0) 45
12345:D@
7?@! E!B0
edge-on +, (iC90῍) 45 123+,:D
FGH! I7 edge-on +,45JKL9
º 99 »
º8¼
6
£¤+,
421
8
7
uvwAB!¸!
?-@¹¦§Š¤CD!uvwAB
01!d`/
Y‰ |
7 10 + VW‘’€C+ ƒ„!01q“Yyq‚
!"
#$%&'()*+ ,-./ 100 K 01
Y”aŒ+ 01j!•–•
€
‡+
23/ 10 4/1 cm !56
7801+
uvwAB!d`/k
d
9:;<=>?-@ABCD
uvwAB! AB+ VWx!
!
! !EF+ "#$%&'(!
2 —Ž+ 9:;!013/Ž+ ˜
GHI(JG(KLM! 100 NO P10 "
9:;!f`! 3 —™ŽmšC›
#$%&'(!QR+ 0.01 pcS TUCV
‡
W!XY+ ZF+ 100 NGHI(J
š!‚œ
?-@AB[+ VWx
G(KLM[\]#'^_!`/ Pa!
‡QR!AB PABS )!žŸq
QR+ 2.12 km/sS TUC`/ b
 
‡¡¢ £š+
cAB01!d`/+ ec01!f`+ g
?-@¤¥¦§Š¤)!uvwAB 
hic P01!j!
S k
d!`/
!+ ¨© 8 C 9 a£!ª–!g+
lm
C€
d`/ P!bcS nC+ 9:;0
AB!«¬aCŒ! 8 1op!+ qrstd`/ 0 8 !EF­®¯vKv/°±¬V
uvwAB!QRq+ 01VWx!
Wx!/ G + ZF P
x)!S
yzdm{+ d`/|
²5
uvwAB°±¬ AB
}~m + 01!j€uvw
!ec?-@¤!QR VW
AB!QR+ 01k‚Yƒ„…†m01
x‡C+ ³j!ŒVWx!
!j‚‡ˆ‰Š‹
‡Œ
(1´G) |µ˜€
‡‚œ¶·
+ Ty|zdmk
d
uvwABq
PghicS ŽC+ VW;+
2 —Žm!+ VWx‡C+
422
ABVWx! !
x¨º»
2006 ¼ 8 º
(1G)2 ῌ
!" #$%&'()" *
+,
-" ./0" 1
2/
)23456$7
8'9" ,7$" :;<=>
&?@ABC DEFG
(GH1) " :;<
!I," !=>
12CD,J'9" ,
0 D KL6MNONP$
DQ'," RM8), 9)
*=S
Q'TUV;$" W
XY
Q'Z[\)
4. " ]^ _A B` ,abc@6d
@>7^a" ^efgh
ij6" klmknopqQ
r'^ A estlu^ B e
~9
stlu" 8vw)xyst
^klmstlu
lu6z{>|}'$" klmst
lupqQ3) _~ 9` klmst
klmstlu6¥M
lu" ^c€B" ^,‚ƒ
¦$+I'()" !*
'ƒ‚^ghBc„…6†{){‡
+,)
'9" :;<
-ˆ
*klmstluC@§¨š
‰Š$%&'()" ‹Œ
k
lmstlu" ŽP$)!"‘
[\) C^6g’ “^”
,
!CD
!
7'
5. ^ _©^^/ª*+^` c«a
7=>" '{q•5^B
6r7'o–—nP=>"
!
" ^;,¬I­ 3 ® _+^"
KL" ¯L/+^` ,P))C" °±²
*˜™š6#Q$r'%[
" ^(
³®Z (restricted three-body problem)´ ,)Œ0Ÿ=>" “*k
µCDDQ ±²³®Za
lmstlu” 6¡9' :;<
¶
›œ _2001 &ž'`
10)
=>'¢$7'," !
,Z·]" c¸-¹4º
!=>
[ ­ 3 ®,¬M[CD" ­ 3 ®
£¤,Š9 ~ 10 ~ 11 *
klmstlu•6€M
­ 99 »
­8¼
423
_ 10 `abcd!ef
_5gh_& 2 i9jG<[k lm&n%op qm&^rop!
,s tu
2vw5 1 lxqy\ lm!u&z{EGc|! 0.1 }~.< )< l
x! 2 i&u&c<€!‚ƒ!
9 qy! 2 i&lm!u&z{EGc|9c
€!
< `abcd95 u&.<0 n%op!
„^ro
p!
„ V…†*+&
19 3
BCDE (G. H. Darwin) /FCG (F.
!"#$
R. Moulton) /HGICJKI (S. E. Strom-
%&'()*+,-.)*+/ 0!1
gren) &LMN<=>,O& + 1907
2,34*+5 6
P 1940 PQ9RSTCUV8H
A
424
7895:;<=>?@
GICJKI5 WXY
Z@[\]^!
6‡ˆ‰
2006 P 8 ˆ
A 11 VWXYZ[\]^_O`a:_bc
AdeA 2 f(g^h"$+C) Dijkl) Jimnkl`a:_bco$- *
p 1 DqrsJt"r,$) DiCVWuvw:h:Yx 0.1 yz{|-}$-
~6) Dq 2 f€`a:_bc() Jt 2 fVWuvw:h:Yx(Y$- !`a:
_bc"$- VWXYZ() VW|-}$Sjkl`a:_bc‚s) mnkl
`a:_bcƒ„}‚$}
- @A 12B
!"#$%
89:;<=:23() 2 C
&'() *"+,-.
@A 12 DB EFGCH- @A 12
/012323) 45"6 789:
IB E 2 J"K-LML:NOPC
;<=:23 (Copenhagen problem)> ?5(
@A 12 JB QR"S) TTU
… 99 †
…8‡
425
k 12 EFGH0RS(,
K 1 K 2 ,a
%5 K,ae„ (CM) ,†"g%
k 13 ,| 2
(,k
,K"pqr
!"
o G—0.6 o*uv, ,K,R€
# $%&"'()*#
,RS(‚ !
,K,a" 0.6 +$,(
-%. /0
0˜'D!0™)c, ,K,š5›*
12,(0+34-0
œ(8" ,K'0 ƒ,
*5678
K,ž+L„+,Ÿ,Dz0(,2", 9 :2005 ;<=>?
11)
!,@A
B5CD670.EFGH0I
5
k 13 , 3
(,k
ƒ,K"pqro G
% JKLK,MN,OPQ%
—0.6 o*uv, ,K,R€,RS
RS(,TUV*D N,OPM5
(‚ ƒ,K,a"-O0˜'D!
W,
XYLZY[, \]^_`
0I¡% ,K›*,(g2", #
%
D.+ a,%JbK
KR0ZY["-0cd
k 13 ,/
j,g,
.',K"pqro
L ef&KKRXY"cd4
G—0.6 o*uv, ,K,R€,
0g.+68h7 ij
RS(‚ K,NQc!
K
,k
XY0Iclmn[opqr
,-Oa˜c!, .',K
%Do G " ZY[
XY, 1,000 "'/Co+ .',K,-Oa"
5N,stW, ZY[,uv
'670˜*D!0™)c $7+ 1,000 , 1 ,0w#x%Q.g.
a,K,R€,!~,EFGH0¢
+6
£%$78" $7
¤"¥C K,¦
yzDRS(,/k 13 0{c
007„+
§˜)0¨ ©*Dz8
k 13 ,/
(,,ª
„+«¬­®¯,Dz8°.
|
4},Kgo*
!~,EFGH0 ,K,R
$7‚
€  R S ( , ‚ :k 12 , ƒ K…†"¦0”pqr%DSˆ‘
'? k,e„
ae„ K…†" 1 c
x0 ” v0 ,±²zDg," k 14 ‡ˆ, ƒ,K
(‰0.5, 0)
k 16 ‚
0 ,K
(0.5, 0) ,Š#0‚ ‹$0
k 14 ,K"o*uv,Sˆ‘
,KŒ x Ž|,&,Sˆ‘ (x 0, 0)
:³Ž? ” :´Ž? ,±²‚ $µ
x Ž0’x'“0hh” v 0 ,¶·
,K,R€,¸¹º0,uv,
&•}–% RS(T*D
±²0›5 Sˆ‘"»#534 ¦0
%
426
12¼3
2006 8 ¼
J 14
$ /Q#278KTUA
VW
J 15
/Q#278KTUA
VW
J 13 %KLM
N10 OP0 Q#2278 $ /
Q#278 (GR0.6) /Q#27
8 (GR0.6) S /Q#278 (GR0.6)
$
%&'()*+,-./01
#23 $
X8Z
4/56789
:;<=>&?2 0
A
X 99 Y
!"#
/@
BCDE/ (1FG) 4GHI
427
: mnop6qrsG
()N-:tuvw: ,
xydeUz{|6E}D
:~;X€;:
x*‚:@ ƒ*„
…:b†‡ˆ‰Š‹ ,ŒY†1Ž
† ‘’“”T*+ •–—2
„˜™ š›œžN
#‹‹& Ÿe ¡¢£D¤6
*¥¦y€;:
῎῍῏ῌ
16
()
!"
15 !"
#$%& #'%& ()*+ ,-./0 123456789:
:;
1) Hoyle F., Lyttleton R. A., 1939, Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc.
35, 405
2) Bondi H., 1952, MNRAS 112, 195
3) $ Œ §¨©ª«y¬­ ®¯°†± (1993)
37 ²
4)
³ ´ 2000, µ¶! 93, 300
5) Nio T., Matsuda T., Fukue J., 1998, PASJ 50, 495
6) Fukue J., Ioroi M., 1999, PASJ 51, 151
7) Hanamoto K., Ioroi M., Fukue J., 2001, PASJ 53, 105
8) Fukue J., 2001, PASJ 53, 275
9) Fukue J., 2001, PASJ 53, 687
10) Fukue J., Hanamoto K., 2002, PASJ 54, 1057
11) "·#$ 2005 %
@¸¹º@b»¼
14 < =>?@;
- ABCDEFGHI
J KLBCDEFGMN
: O
PQRHI-:ST KBC
DEFGOTU 34567
8
LV:WXN-
16 !"
#$%& #'%& ()*+ YRJZ K[OT
\JZ* []^D_6`Da bc
Old Themes Irradiated by Radiation Fields
of a Central Luminous Object
Jun FUKUE
Astronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University,
Asahigaoka 4ῌ698ῌ1, Kashiwara, Osaka 582ῌ
8582, Japan
Abstract : The radiative influence and environment of central objects on various classical
problems, such as HoyleῌLyttleton accretion,
Bondi accretion, Roche potential, and Copenhagen problem.
de #f2gZ
* deVNhh& N-:ijkl
428
µ¶!
2006 % 8 ¶