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Yes, we can ns-3-simu! - Internet Research Lab.
Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... . . Yes, we can ns-3-simu! (できる ns-3-simu) Hajime Tazaki [email protected] StarBED / Nebula Developers Workshop 2010 Summer Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 1 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Objective of this tutorial • Simulator の特徴を知る • Network Simulator の基本操作 • ns-3-simu の操作を知る Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 2 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... What’s simulator? • Modeling =#32>432#) 5#2+80 "#$%&'() *+,-./$+&0 1#2$3#4 5#6.&7,#0$ (MATLAB) Linux • (Network) Simulation (ns-{2,3}, opnet, omnet++) Concept OMNeT++ Tossim • Testbed (WIDE/Internet2, Planetlab/ORBIT/StarBED) • Deployment Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) NS-2 =#>?,6.#,#0$ PlanetLab Network FlexLab Cradle EmuLab Model- Mesh Net Testbed EmStar Windows Linux Windows Mobile Embedded Linux WSN Testbed TinyOS 9/'+#$7)&: )1/'8#$)*72$#,2 ネットワーク研究の ワークフロー RTOS 9/'+#$7)&: );</.-/$+&0)1&&.2 !"#$%&'()*+&,-./&0 1&,2$3(45&.5436#$7&6#$&8"39#$:&/;<"$27")3432#) ! Network Research Work flowa a Olaf Landsiedel, et. al. A virtual platform for network experimentation. VISA ’09. ACM. ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 3 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... What’s simulator? (cont.) Real-time execution Control level Condition range Result realism Experimentation cost Ease of use Simulation NO? HIGH LARGE LOW? LOW HIGH Real world YES LOW SMALL HIGH HIGH LOW Emulation USUALLY HIGH LARGE MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM Table: Comparison of Experiment Techniques 1 * 1 R. Beuran, L.T. Nguyen, T. Miyachi, J. Nakata, K. Chinen, Y. Tan, and Y. Shinoda. QOMB: A wireless network emulation testbed. In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications, pp. 2642–2647. IEEE Press, 2009. Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 4 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... What’s simulator? (cont.) シミュレータのできる事 • Reproduce-able 同一の実験を「いつも」再現できる • Control-able ネットワーク全体の制御が可能 空間状態の操作が用意 (モビリティモデルの実装) • Debug-able 全ての機能を，同一プロセスで実行 プロトコルデザインツールとして． • Scale-able 必要機能のみの仮想化により，ネットワーク規模の確 保が可能 • 想像力だけの世界に入り込む 未知の実装世界 (bittorrent on quantam network) 実行が容易でない機能 (UAN: Under-Water Acoustic Network) Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 5 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Recent history (1995-2005) (from Ns-3 tutorial2 ) • ns-2 became the main choice for research usage. Search of ACM Digital Library papers citing simulation, 2001-04: ≥ layer 4 = layer 3 ≤ layer 2 ns-2 123 (75%) 186 (70%) 114 (43%) OPNET 30 (18%) 48 (18%) 96 (36%) QualNet/Glomosim 11 (7%) 31 (12%) 55 (21%) • Funding for ns-2 development dropped in the early 2000’s 2 Slide from http://typo3.trilogy-project.eu/fileadmin/publications/Other/Lacage-NS3.pdf Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 6 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Recent history(cont.) What is wrong about ns-2 ? • Split object model (OTcl and C++) and use of Tcl: • Doesn’t scale well • Makes it difficult for students • Large amount of abstraction at the network layer and below leads to big discontinuities when transitioning from simulation to experiment • Accretion of unmaintained and incompatible models • Lack of support for creating methodologically sound simulations • Lack of, and outdated, documentation • In ns-2, validation really means regression: no documented validation of the models, outside of TCP Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 7 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Recent history(cont.) A recurring misconception • Using ns-2 is actively harmful 3 Slide from http://typo3.trilogy-project.eu/fileadmin/publications/Other/Lacage-NS3.pdf Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 8 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Recent history(cont.) A recurring misconception • Using ns-2 is actively harmful • Simulation is ns-2 3 Slide from http://typo3.trilogy-project.eu/fileadmin/publications/Other/Lacage-NS3.pdf Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 8 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Recent history(cont.) A recurring misconception • Using ns-2 is actively harmful • Simulation is ns-2 Thus, simulation is actively harmful 3 3 Slide from http://typo3.trilogy-project.eu/fileadmin/publications/Other/Lacage-NS3.pdf Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 8 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Where simulator goes? シミュレータ (NS) の失われた信用の回復 • 車輪の再発明の防止 ⇒ バグ混入防止 • 動作実績のあるコードを積極的に利用 ns-3 にまつわる噂 • ちゃんと使っている人みた事ない (まだ使えない) • 研究成果の覇権争い • 所詮ツール作りでしょ？みんな ns-3 じゃなくても何かしら持って るよ． • 所詮 ns (-2) でしょ？論文生成ツール？ まぁまぁ… (Reference: S. Kurkowski, T. Camp, and M. Colagrosso. Manet simulation studies: the incredibles. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 2005.) Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 9 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Internal of ns-3, and ns-3-simu Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 10 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... What’s ns-3? 複数言語でデバッグする必要なし (Tcl/C++, C++/NED, etc.) • ns-3 の実体は C++ で書かれたライブラリ • シミュレーション実行バイナリは C++ • Python による簡易スクリプト記述が可能だが，C++ でも記述可 能 (Python は補助的な目的でのみ利用) Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 11 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... What’s ns-3-simu? ns-3-simu: Application Binary Emulator • アプリケーションの • ポーティング • ソースコードパッチング なしで，ns-3 上で実行が可能 • 2010/7/27 現在の実行確認アプリケーション • • • • • • • • • ping traceroute iperf (TCP のみ) iproute2 zebra (v4/v6, netlink) ospfd bgpd olsr6d (by SFC okada-san) zebra mndpd (by me) Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 12 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... What’s ns-3-simu? (cont.) 主要パーツ • Elf Binary Loader 位置非依存バイナリ (-fPIC, -fPIE) を dlmopen 風にロード し，main シンボルを 実行 Instance per (simulated) node Application (e.g. zebra w/ PIE file) • Function Redirection socket, open, write 等のシンボルを, kernel へ届けず ns-3 内処理へリダイレ クト Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) malloc(), sendmsg() (usual) libc dlopen () + dlsym("main") n1 Emulation malloc(), sendmsg() n2 override with weak_alias () n10 Simulator Operating System Physical Machine ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 13 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... What’s ns-3-simu? (cont.) ほら，これでオレオレワールドへ，アプリケーション (zebra) が実在 . Zebra Client と TCP 通信の例 .. (gdb) bt #0 ns3::TcpSocketImpl::RecvFrom () #1 0x00007ffff76f6262 in ns3::UnixStreamSocketFd::Recvmsg () #2 0x00007ffff76ef018 in ns3::UnixSocketFd::Read () #3 0x00007ffff76fda60 in simu_read () #4 0x00007ffff5fec8fc in read () #5 0x00007ffff64b13a9 in readn () #6 0x00007ffff64af5b1 in stream_read () #7 0x00007ffff64811f8 in zebra_client_read () #8 0x00007ffff64a7c68 in thread_call () #9 0x00007ffff648256d in main () #10 0x00007ffff772dd6d in ns3::ElfLoaderSmart::LoadAndStartMain () #11 0x00007ffff76d2766 in ns3::ProcessManager::StartProcess () #12 0x00007ffff76d5984 in ns3::ProcessManager::DoCreateThread () #13 0x0000003c73a43750 in ?? () from /lib64/libc.so.6 #14 0x0000000000000000 in ?? () -------------ns-3 part (TCP) -------------(redirected syscall) (overrided symbol) -------------zebra main -------------ns-3 part -------------- . Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 14 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Kernel emulation on user-land さらに…Network Simulation Cradle4 • TCP の再実装はバグの元 • 既存 OS のソースをライブラリ化して，Simulator で使う Instance per (simulated) node Global Symbol Virtualization Link to shared lib lib-linux-2.6.26.so linux-2.6.26 Call as internal func. e.g. ip6_output() IP stack in Simulator (L3)->ForwardUp() linux-2.6.18 FreeBSD 5.x OpenBSD 3.x Kernel Source Code n1 n2 n10 Simulator Operating System Physical Machine 4 Sam Jansen and Anthony McGregor. Simulation with real world network stacks. In WSC ’05: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation, pp. 2454–2463. Winter Simulation Conference, 2005. Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 15 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Kernel emulation (cont.) ns-3-linux (by Mathieu Lacage)： Linux net-next カーネルを lib 化． . (gdb) bt #0 tcp_recvmsg () #1 0x00007ffff5f2095e #2 0x00007ffff5da0dd7 #3 __sock_recvmsg () #4 sock_recvmsg () #5 0x00007ffff5d87817 #6 0x00007ffff5d845e5 #7 0x00007ffff75ccdc2 #8 0x00007ffff75d2e00 #9 0x00007ffff75d2dae #10 0x00007ffff7565846 #11 0x00007ffff547f9ec #12 0x00007ffff50513a9 #13 0x00007ffff504f5b1 #14 0x00007ffff50211f8 #15 0x00007ffff5047c68 #16 0x00007ffff502256d #17 0x00007ffff7534c75 #18 0x00007ffff758dd32 #19 0x00007ffff758bbe4 #20 0x0000003c74206a3a #21 0x0000003c73ade77d #22 0x0000000000000000 . -------------in inet_recvmsg () in __sock_recvmsg_nosec () in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) linux kernel (net-next-2.6) -------------ns-3-linux wrapper -------------- sim_sock_recvmsg () sim_sock_recvmsg_forwarder () ns3::LinuxSocketFdFactory::Recvmsg () ns3::LinuxSocketFd::Recvmsg () ns3::LinuxSocketFd::Read () simu_read () redirected syscall read () overrided symbol readn () -------------stream_read () zebra zebra_client_read () thread_call () main main () -------------ns3::ProcessManager::DoStartProcess () ns3::TaskManager::Trampoline () ns-3 part ns3::PthreadFiberManager::Run () start_thread () -------------clone () ?? () ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 16 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... できる ns-3 (本題) Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 17 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... 今日のお題目 .1. examples/tutorial/first.cc を使い，Hello ns-3! .2. examples/process/quagga-rocketfuel.cc を使い，RocketFuel DSet より生成したトポロジで ospfd (zebra-0.95a) .3. examples/mpi/simple-distributed.cc と openmpi を使い，分散シ ミュレーション Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 18 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... インストール 準備 • OS: Fedora 12, 64bit x86_64 • Packages: gcc, cloog-ppl, cpp, glibc-devel, gcc-c++, libstdc++-devel, python-devel, git, mercurial, valgrind, openmpi-devel, glibc-debuginfo, libsqlite3x-devel • SELinux: disabled sudo /usr/sbin/setenforce 0 sudo vi /etc/selinux/config Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 19 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... インストール (cont.) • ns-3-linux branch (by Mathieu Lacage). http://code.nsnam.org/mathieu/ns-3-linux (2010/7/27) . mkdir ~/ns3 cd ~/ns3/ hg clone http://code.nsnam.org/mathieu/ns-3-linux cd ns-3-linux make download make patch make . iproute2 のビルド . cd ~/ns3/ wget http://devresources.linuxfoundation.org/dev/iproute2/download/iprout tar jxf iproute2-2.6.33.tar.bz2 cd iproute2-2.6.33 .make CCOPTS=’-fPIC’ LDFLAGS=-pie Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 20 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... インストール (cont.) • ns-3-simu 田崎ブランチ. http://code.nsnam.org/thehajime/ns-3-simu-quagga (2010/7/27 現在 準備中) . ns-3-simu のビルド .. cd ~/ns3/ hg clone http://code.nsnam.org/thehajime/ns-3-simu-quagga cd ns-3-simu-quagga ./waf configure --with-linux-stack=../ns-3-linux ./waf --build-quagga ./waf cp . ~/ns3/iproute2-2.6.33/ip/ip ./build/debug/ (最後に iproute2 を build/debug 配下へコピーする) waf: python ベース (…) make のような build コマンド Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 21 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Hello World お題 1 examples/tutorial/first.cc を使い，Hello ns-3! . ./waf --run first Waf: Entering directory ‘/home/tazaki/hgworks/ns-3-simu/build’ Waf: Leaving directory ‘/home/tazaki/hgworks/ns-3-simu/build’ ’build’ finished successfully (9.293s) Sent 1024 bytes to 10.1.1.2 Received 1024 bytes from 10.1.1.1 .Received 1024 bytes from 10.1.1.2 できあがり． Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 22 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Hello World (cont.) first.cc の中身を覗いてみる． • C++ によるシミュレーションスクリプト記述 • Python binding もあり，python でも記述可能 (first.py) API リファレンス (単なる doxygen ですが…) http://www.nsnam.org/doxygen-release/ . int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { LogComponentEnable("UdpEchoClientApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO); LogComponentEnable("UdpEchoServerApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO); . NodeContainer nodes; nodes.Create (2); シミュレートするノードの生成． Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 23 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Hello World (cont.) ネットワークデバイスの作成．(例：P-to-P デバイス) . PointToPointHelper pointToPoint; pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps")); pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms")); NetDeviceContainer devices; devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes); . ns-3.9 サポートデバイスリスト • tap-bridge • bridge • • csma • virtual-net-device • emu (MAC Emulation) • wifi • mesh (802.11s) • wimax • point-to-point Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) Under-water Acoustic Network ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 24 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Hello World (cont.) IP アドレスの設定． . InternetStackHelper stack; stack.Install (nodes); Ipv4AddressHelper address; address.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0"); Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices); . • InternetStackHelper ns-3 内に実装されている，IPv4/IPv6 スタック (ARP, ICMP, rtable 等) の初期化 • Ipv4AddressHelper 固定アドレス割り当て用のヘルパー これで，基本トポロジの作成は終了． Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 25 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Hello World (cont.) トポロジ上で動作させるアプリケーション，トラフィックの設定． . UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9); ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (1)); serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0)); serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0)); UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (1), 9); echoClient.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue (1)); echoClient.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (Seconds (1.))); echoClient.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (1024)); . ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0)); clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0)); clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0)); • • • • UdpEchoServerHelper: UDP エコーサーバのインストール echoServer.Install (): ノード 1 へ，サーバのインストール UdpEchoClientHelper: UDP エコークライアントのインストール clientApps.Start/Stop(): トラフィック生成開始・終了タイミングの設定 Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 26 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Hello World (cont.) さぁ，シミュレーションを開始します． . Simulator::Run (); Simulator::Destroy (); return 0; .}//end of main . ./waf --run first Waf: Entering directory ‘/home/tazaki/hgworks/ns-3-simu/build’ Waf: Leaving directory ‘/home/tazaki/hgworks/ns-3-simu/build’ ’build’ finished successfully (9.293s) Sent 1024 bytes to 10.1.1.2 Received 1024 bytes from 10.1.1.1 .Received 1024 bytes from 10.1.1.2 Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 27 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... ospfd into ns-3-simu お題 2 examples/process/quagga-rocketfuel.cc を使い，RocketFuel DSet より生成したトポロジで ospfd (zebra-0.95a) を動作させる . Ptr<TopologyReader> inFile = 0; TopologyReaderHelper topoHelp; NodeContainer nodes; string format ("Rocketfuel"); string input ("examples/topology-read/RocketFuel_toposample_1239_weights.txt"); . topoHelp.SetFileName(input); topoHelp.SetFileType(format); inFile = topoHelp.GetTopologyReader(); if (inFile != 0) { nodes = inFile->Read (); } • • TopologyReaderHelper::Read () で，指定したファイルよりノード・リンク情報を解析 Sprint (AS1239) のデータセットを利用 Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 28 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... ospfd into ns-3-simu (cont.) Rocketfuel よりノードオブジェクト生成． . int totlinks = inFile->LinksSize (); NS_LOG_INFO ("creating node containers"); NodeContainer nc[totlinks]; TopologyReader::ConstLinksIterator iter; int i = 0; for ( iter = inFile->LinksBegin (); iter != inFile->LinksEnd (); iter++, i++ ) . nc[i] = NodeContainer (iter->GetFromNode (), iter->GetToNode ()); TopologyReader::ConstLinksIterator () にて，列挙されるノード情報を元に，Node オブジェク ト生成 Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 29 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... ospfd into ns-3-simu (cont.) P2P デバイスの設定 . NetDeviceContainer ndc[totlinks]; PointToPointHelper p2p; for (int i = 0; i < totlinks; i++) // p2p.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", TimeValue(MilliSeconds(weight[i]))); p2p.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms")); p2p.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps")); ndc[i] = p2p.Install (nc[i]); NS_LOG_INFO ("creating ipv4 interfaces"); Ipv4InterfaceContainer ipic[totlinks]; for (int i = 0; i < totlinks; i++) ipic[i] = address.Assign (ndc[i]); address.NewNetwork (); . p2p.EnablePcapAll ("quagga-rocketfuel"); • • • PointToPointDevice::Install () で，p2p リンクをノードペアに対し追加． Ipv4AddressHelper::Assign () 作成したリンクに IPv4 アドレスの設定 全 p2p リンクに pcap 出力の設定 Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 30 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... ospfd into ns-3-simu (cont.) Quagga (実は今は zebra-0.95a ベース) の起動 . . ProcessManagerHelper processManager; processManager.Install (nodes); QuaggaHelper quagga; quagga.EnableOspf (nodes); quagga.Install (nodes); • QuaggaHelper::Install () で，Zebra 起動と設定 (zebra.conf の 自動生成) • QuaggaHelper::EnableOspf () で，OSPF (IPv4) の起動と設定 (ospfd.conf 自動生成) • 全インタフェースに network area 0 の設定 . router ospf network 10.0.0.0/30 area 0 network 10.0.0.12/30 area 0 network 10.0.0.16/30 area 0 (snip) network 10.0.0.40/30 area 0 network 10.0.0.8/30 area 0 ! . Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 31 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... ospfd into ns-3-simu (cont.) さぁ，実行しましょう． . % sudo ./waf -run quagga-rocketfuel Rocketfuel topology created with 315 nodes and 972 links (from examples/topology-read/RocketFuel_ creating ip4 addresses creating node containers creating net device containers creating ipv4 interfaces creating all the route creating quagga process TTL: 64 End of experiment . 実行完了に，Intel i5@ 2.67GHz で 10 分 (60 秒シミュレーション) く らいかかります 注意： • 実行に setrlimit (2) を内部で実行する必要があるので，sudo が必 要です． • 315 ノード分の conf ファイル，stdout/stderr 等のファイルを open するのに，limit (maxfd=1024) を上げる必要があるため Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 32 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... ospfd into ns-3-simu (cont.) ログでも見てみる． . % less files-0/processes/53513/stdout 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: ========== OSPF routing table ========== 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: N 10.0.0.0/30 0.0.0.0 intra-area 10 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: -> 0.0.0.0 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: N 10.0.0.4/30 0.0.0.0 intra-area 10 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: -> 0.0.0.0 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: N 10.0.0.8/30 0.0.0.0 intra-area 10 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: -> 0.0.0.0 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: N 10.0.0.12/30 0.0.0.0 intra-area 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: -> 0.0.0.0 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: N 10.0.0.16/30 0.0.0.0 intra-area 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: -> 0.0.0.0 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: N 10.0.0.20/30 0.0.0.0 intra-area 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: -> 0.0.0.0 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: N 10.0.0.24/30 0.0.0.0 intra-area 2008/04/04 13:45:22 OSPF: -> 0.0.0.0 . • • • • 10 10 10 10 files-0： ノード 0 の chroot processes： ノード内の各プロセスの使用領域 (stdout/stderr) 53513: プロセス ID (ノード内一意) stdout： 標準出力 Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 33 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... ospfd into ns-3-simu (cont.) Pcap も見てみる． . zak-imac:~/hgworks/ns-3-simu% tcpdump -r quagga-rocketfuel-101-4.pcap -n reading from file quagga-rocketfuel-101-4.pcap, link-type PPP (PPP) 09:00:04.002105 IP 10.0.4.177 > 224.0.0.5: OSPFv2, Hello, length 44 09:00:12.100000 IP 10.0.4.178 > 224.0.0.5: OSPFv2, Hello, length 44 09:00:13.104210 IP 10.0.4.177 > 224.0.0.5: OSPFv2, Hello, length 44 (snip) 09:00:34.104210 IP 10.0.4.178 > 224.0.0.5: OSPFv2, Hello, length 48 09:00:43.002087 IP 10.0.4.177 > 10.0.4.178: OSPFv2, Database Description, length 09:00:43.104217 IP 10.0.4.177 > 224.0.0.5: OSPFv2, Hello, length 48 09:00:44.104210 IP 10.0.4.178 > 224.0.0.5: OSPFv2, Hello, length 48 09:00:48.002087 IP 10.0.4.177 > 10.0.4.178: OSPFv2, Database Description, length 09:00:51.100000 IP 10.0.4.178 > 10.0.4.177: OSPFv2, Database Description, length (snip) 09:00:51.134125 IP 10.0.4.177 > 10.0.4.178: OSPFv2, Database Description, length 09:00:51.134125 IP 10.0.4.178 > 10.0.4.177: OSPFv2, LS-Request, length 1404 09:00:51.134218 IP 10.0.4.177 > 10.0.4.178: OSPFv2, LS-Request, length 36 09:00:51.136407 IP 10.0.4.178 > 224.0.0.5: OSPFv2, LS-Update, length 136 09:00:51.142637 IP 10.0.4.177 > 224.0.0.6: OSPFv2, LS-Update, length 1372 32 32 32 32 . 動いてます． Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 34 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Distributed Simulation 前述の Rocketfuel トポロジを実行するのに，60 秒のシミュレーション に要する時間は 10 分． • 10 倍の時間 • Wi-Fi，移動状態の計算などヘビーな処理のインタフェースでは更 に増大 . MPI (Message Passing Interface) を利用した分散 CPU 処理により， シミュレーション時間性能の改善 . Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 35 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Distributed Simulation (cont.) . int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { LogComponentEnable ("QuaggaRocketfuelMpi", LOG_LEVEL_INFO); #ifdef NS3_MPI MpiInterface::Enable (&argc, &argv); GlobalValue::Bind ("SimulatorImplementationType", StringValue ("ns3::DistributedSimulatorImpl")); . uint32_t systemId = MpiInterface::GetSystemId (); uint32_t systemCount = MpiInterface::GetSize (); • MpiInterface::Enable () にて，MPI 利用宣言 • スケジューラを ns3::DistributedSimulatorImpl に変更 • 各ノード毎の処理を，systemId で切り分ける Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 36 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Distributed Simulation (cont.) . if (systemId == 1) { (snip) PacketSinkHelper sink = PacketSinkHelper ("ns3::Ipv4RawSocketFactory", dst); ApplicationContainer apps = sink.Install (randomServerNode); (snip) if (systemId == 0) { (snip) ApplicationContainer apps = onoff.Install (clientNodes); apps.Start (Seconds (1.0)); apps.Stop (Seconds (2.0)); } . • systemId が 1 であれば，Traffic の受信ノードとして実行 • systemId が 0 であれば，Traffic の送信ノードとして実行 バースト Traffic のようなヘビーな処理を分散． Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 37 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Distributed Simulation (cont.) 最初に，MPI 用の build が必要です． . ./waf configure --with-linux-stack=../ns-3-linux --enable-mpi ./waf build . 実行します． . ./usr/lib64/openmpi/bin/mpirun -np 2 ./waf --run quagga-rocketfuel-mpi • MPI なし (お題 2)： 10 分 • MPI あり (2LP ともに localhost)： 41 分 • MPI あり (2LP 別ホスト)： (これから実験します) 遅くなってしまっている (MPI の Partitioning によってはこういう事も ある) Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 38 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Distributed Simulation (cont.) 次に，315 ノード，972 リンクの SPF 計算とか重そうなので，OSPF プロセスを分散． . . if (systemId == 1) { QuaggaHelper quagga; quagga.EnableOspf (nodes_group1); quagga.Install (nodes_group1); if (systemId == 0) { QuaggaHelper quagga; quagga.EnableOspf (nodes_group2); quagga.Install (nodes_group2); } • MPI なし (お題 2)： 10 分 • MPI あり (2LP ともに localhost)：(これから実験します) • MPI あり (2LP 別ホスト)： (これから実験します) Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 39 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Other Utilities Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 40 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... PyViz Python ベースのビジュアライザ • ノードの位置表示 (移動込み) • パケットの送受信状況の可視化 • 各ノードの状態 (netstat，ifstat 等) の表示 Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 41 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... With Anybed ospf (WIDE-BB) ns-3 のスクリプトは python でも書ける (要 pybindgen) • ⇒ python ベースの既存スクリプトも流用可能 • Anybed 内の ospfwalk.py • show ip ospf databae や MIB からトポロジが書ける . import ospfwalk ospfwalk.parse_show_ip_ospf_database_router( open("./show_ospf_db_r_wide.txt", "r").read(), rlsas, rlsas_dic) ospfwalk.parse_show_ip_ospf_database_network( open("./show_ospf_db_n_wide.txt", "r").read(), nlsas, nlsas_dic) for router in routers: n = ns3.Node(); internet.Install(n); nodes.Add(n); . のような事も． Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 42 / 43 Intro. ....... ns-3 Internal ...... Starting ns-3 ... Hello World ...... Zebra-ns3 ....... Dist Simulation ..... Utilities ... Resources • ns-3 Web site: http://www.nsnam.org • Developer mailing list: http://mailman.isi.edu/ mailman/listinfo/ns-developers • User mailing list: http://groups.google.com/group/ns-3-users • IRC: #ns-3 at irc.freenode.net • Tutorial: http: //www.nsnam.org/docs/tutorial/tutorial.html • Code server: http://code.nsnam.org • Wiki: http://www.nsnam.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page Hajime Tazaki (Keio University) ns-3 or die SNDW, 27th July, 2010 43 / 43