中国の年金制度とビジネス環境

ਛ࿖ߩᐕ㊄೙ᐲߣࡆࠫࡀࠬⅣႺ
The Pension System and Business Environment in China
㊁᧛⾗ᧄᏒ႐⎇ⓥᚲ
㑐ᩮᩕ৻*
‫ޤ⚂ⷐޣ‬
ਛ࿖ߩᐕ㊄೙ᐲߪ‫ޔ‬1990 ᐕઍએ㒠ߩᡷ㕟ࠍ⚻ߡ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ㙃⠧଻㒾㧔ᣣᧄߩ࿖᳃ᐕ㊄࡮ෘ↢
ᐕ㊄଻㒾ߦ⋧ᒰ㧕‫ޔ‬ડᬺᐕ㊄‫ޔ‬୘ੱ⾂⫾ߩਃߟߩᩇ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㇺᏒㇱߢߩട౉ࠍ
೨ឭߣߒߚၮᧄ㙃⠧଻㒾ߪ‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩਃ⠪߇⽶ᜂߒ‫⺖⾮ޔ‬ᣇᑼߩ␠ળࡊ࡯࡞ߣ
Ⓧ┙ᣇᑼߩ୘ੱญᐳߩ⚵วߖ߆ࠄᚑߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬୘ੱญᐳߦߪ㌁ⴕ㗍㊄㊄೑ࠍෳ⠨ߦ೑ᕷ߇
ઃߐࠇ‫ޔ‬2 ߆᦬ಽߩ⛎ઃ㗵ࠍ㒰߈࿖ௌߢㆇ↪ߔࠆߎߣߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ᤨ⃻ޔ‬ὐߢߪߎߩౝኈ
એ਄ߩㆇ↪᡽╷߿ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߪ౏㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ၮᧄ㙃⠧଻㒾ߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭ࡟ࡌ
࡞ߩ▤ℂߦ⇐߹ߞߡ߅ࠅ‫࡮⊛৻⛔ޔ‬ᢛว⊛ߥ▤ℂ⋙〈ߣㆇ↪ߩല₸ᕈߩะ਄ߩߚ߼‫ోޔ‬࿖
࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࡊ࡯࡝ࡦࠣ߇⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2000 ᐕߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߚ␠ળ଻㒾ၮ㊄ߩ዁᧪ߩ⽷Ḯਇ⿷ߦ஻߃ߚో࿖␠ળ଻㓚ၮ㊄ߪ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝ
ㆇ↪࡮ᶏᄖㆇ↪ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߽ቯ߼ࠄࠇ౏㐿ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫⥄ޔ‬ኅㆇ↪ߣᆔ⸤ㆇ↪ࠍ⚵ߺว
ࠊߖߡᄙ᭽ߥ໡ຠߢㆇ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ၮᧄ㙃⠧଻㒾ၮ㊄‫ోޔ‬࿖␠ળ଻㓚ၮ㊄ߩㆇ↪ߩേะ
ߪ‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖߩ⾗ᧄᏒ႐ߦߣߞߡ߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
౏⊛ᐕ㊄એᄖߦ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ߢߪ 2004 ᐕߦ⏕ቯ᜚಴ဳߩᣂߚߥડᬺᐕ㊄ߩㆇ༡ࠬࠠ࡯ࡓ߇ዉ౉
ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣂߚߥડᬺᐕ㊄೙ᐲߩਅߢߪ‫ޔ‬㑐ଥ⠪ᒰ੐⠪ߩ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢᯏ⢻߇⏕଻ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ડ
ᬺᐕ㊄㑐ㅪᯏ㑐߽ੱജ⾗Ḯ࡮␠ળ଻㓚ㇱߩ⹺น೙ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߩડᬺᐕ㊄ߩ᥉෸ߦ
ᒰߚߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬⒢೙ఝㆄ߇ᦨᄢߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ਛ࿖ߢߪഭോࠦࠬ࠻߇਄᣹ߔࠆਛߢ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩഭ௛ࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉߩะ਄ߦߟߥ߇ࠆડ
ᬺᐕ㊄ߩᓎഀ߇޽ࠄߚ߼ߡᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣ♽ડᬺߦߣߞߡ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ߪᦨᄢߩㅴ಴వߢ޽
ࠅ‫⃻ޔ‬࿾ੱ᧚ߩᵴ↪߇⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄖ⾗♽ડᬺߦࠃࠆડᬺᐕ㊄ߩዉ౉ߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߩ㝯
ജࠍ㜞߼‫ޔ‬ఝ⑲ߥੱ᧚ߩ⏕଻ߦ⾗ߔࠆߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝ⽼ᄁဳߩડᬺߦߣߞߡߪ⥄␠⵾ຠ
ߩᶖ⾌⠪߳ߩ⸷᳞ലᨐ߽ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫⊛౏ޕ‬ᐕ㊄೙ᐲᡷ㕟ߦട߃‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ߩડᬺᐕ㊄೙ᐲࠍᎼ
ࠆേะ߿ડᬺߩዉ౉⁁ᴫߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩᄖ⾗♽ડᬺߩ⃻࿾⚻༡ߦߣߞߡ߽ᒁ⛯߈㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
*
Visiting Research Fellow in Economic Research Center, Graduate School of Economics, Nagoya University,
JAPAN, From April 2007 to September 2007. Senior Analyst, Research Department, Nomura Institute of Capital
Markets Research, JAPAN.