For the Development of Radar Meteorology in East Asia

For the Development of Radar Meteorology in East Asia
Hiroshi Uyeda
Hydroshperic Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University
Proposed
Polarimetric
Radar System
by HyARC,
Nagoya Univ.
2006 ∼
Precipitation 3D Wind Fields
↓
3D Wind Fields
MEXT
Multi-parameter radar
1991−2005
3D Wind
Fields
Multi-parameter
Radar Observation
System for Water
Circulation Studies
Large Raindrops
Water Vapor
in Low Altitude
Doppler radar system
Multi-parameter radar
Hail and Graupel
Reveal Water
Circulation Processes
Aerosol
Observation
Development of Studies on Water Circulation
Operational
Use
RADAR NETWOK
‘50s
Radar Type
Function
CONVETIONAL
WEATHER
RADAR
DOPPLER
WEATHER
RADAR
POLARIMETRIC
WEATHER
RADAR
Reflectivity
[Rainfall Area]
[Rainfall Intensity]
Reflectivity
[Rainfall Intensity]
Reflectivity
[Rainfall Intensity]
Doppler Velocity
[Wind Fields]
Doppler Velocity
[Wind Fields]
Z = BRβ
QPE
Quantitative
Precipitation
Estimation
‘80s
◎ Developing
Polarimetry
[Particle Types]
○ Improving
◎ Developing
Data Assimilation & Numerical Simulation
WEB Sites of Operational Radar Network
•
海外の気象レーダー ◆ KMA Weather Radar Images〈Korea Meteorological Administration運営〉［朝鮮半島］《英語》
http://www.kma.go.kr/kmas/kma/english/inforser/inforser03_04.html
雷達回波圖〈中華民国中央氣象局運営〉［中華民国（台湾）］《中国語》 http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V4/weather/radar/
radar's home page［中華民国（台湾）］《英語》 http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V4e/weather/radar/index_e.htm
華北雷送併図〈中国气象局上海台風研究所運営〉［中国北部］《中国語》 http://www.typhoon.gov.cn/radar/b2_0000.gif
華南雷送併図［中国南部］《中国語》 http://www.typhoon.gov.cn/radar/b4_0000.gif
Weather Radar Imagery［上海］《英語》 http://www.typhoon.gov.cn/en/wri.php
•
全国雷送併図〈中央气象台運営〉［中国全土］《中国語》 http://www.nmc.gov.cn/live/quanguopt.php
区域雷送併図［中国区分］《中国語》 http://www.nmc.gov.cn/live/quyupt.php
単站雷送図［中国各地］《中国語》 http://www.nmc.gov.cn/live/leida.php
ユニシス ウェザー カレント レーダー サマリー
Unisys Weather: Current Radar Summary〈Unisys Weather運営〉［アメリカ合衆国全土］《英語》
http://weather.unisys.com/radar/rad_us.html
ウェザー アンダーグランド
Weather Underground: U.S. Nexrad Stations〈The Weather Underground, Inc.運営〉［アメリカ合衆国区分］《日本語・英語》
http://nihongo.wunderground.com/radar/map.asp
ウェザー アンダーグランド
Weather Underground: Current New York City Nexrad Radar Map〈The Weather Underground, Inc.運営〉［アメリカ合衆
国ニューヨーク］《日本語・英語》 http://nihongo.wunderground.com/radar/radblast.asp?ID=OKX
ウェザー アンダーグランド
Weather Underground: Current Salt Lake City Nexrad Radar Map〈The Weather Underground, Inc.運営〉［アメリカ合衆
国ソルトレークシティ］《日本語・英語》 http://nihongo.wunderground.com/radar/station.asp?ID=MTX19
WEB Sites of Operational Radar Network in East Asia
20 Years Average (1979-1999) Daily Precipitation (mm/day) in June
Source: GPCP／NASA GSFC
http://precip.gsfc.nasa.gov
Wide cloud area in the south of the Meiyu/Baiu front
lower convection
Origin of meso-αlow along the the Meiyu/Baiu front
continental China
Intensive field experiment in the downstream of Yangtze River
FORSGC network
Observational network in 2001 and 2002 in cooperation with China
ANIMATION [GMS-5/IR & RADAR]
Yamada et al., 2003
ドップラーレーダーが捉えた積乱雲内の気流構造
Vorticity in Heavy Rainfall Area
Yamada et al., 2003
Baiu-frontal depression
(formed within the
observational network)
Heavy rainfall in Japan
(up to 331 mm/day)
Yamada et al., 2003
Proportion of convective precipitation around the
Meiyu front
Cheng-Zhong Zhang 1, Hiroshi Uyeda1，2, Hiroyuki Yamada2 and Biao geng 2
(1 HyARC,Nagoya University, 2 IORGC/JAMSTEC)
34N
0
33N
45N
40N
CHINA
32N
500 1000 (m)
FUYANG
150 km
ER
V
I
R
IHE
A
HEFEI
HU
35N
60 km
EAST
CHINA
SEA
JA
NP
AN
N
30N
NANJING
31N
TZ
G
N
YA
25N
PACIFIC
OCEAN
E
R
VE
I
R
ANQING
30N
110E 115E 120E 125E 130E 135E
29N
115E
116E
117E
118E
119E
120E
Statistical Analyses of Vertical Structure on Precipitation Systems
3 years data
(Jun/Jul, 2001-2003)
HeFei Doppler radar
0℃
lower
convection
150k
m
60km
Echo pattern around the front
H= 3 km
H= 3 km
0430UTC 22 JUL 2002
( dBZ)
( dBZ)
H= 3 km
2230UTC 22 JUL 2002
( dBZ)
1500UTC 04 JUL 2003
H= 3 km
2105UTC 21 JUN 2001
( dBZ)
10
REF.
9
8
7
( dBZ)
HEIGHT (km)
6
5
0o C
4
3
2
( dBZ)
1
0
0430
0435
0440
0445
0450
0455
TIME (UTC)
Mean vertical profile of reflectivity for
convective cell
Definition of lower convection
Criteria:
1)The altitude of reflectivity core lower than 4km.
2)The height of 15 dBZ echo-top equal to or less than 8 km.
DEEP CONVECTION
LOWER CONVECTION
15 d
BZ
12 km
8 km
15
8 km
dB
Z
0 °C
4 km
35 dBZ
35 dBZ
4 km
0 km
~5 km
LC
~5 km
DC
Precipitation system types around the front
North of front type(SNF)
(slow)
Along the front type(SAF)
(slow)
Along the front type(FAF)
(fast)
The surface front
South of front type(SSF)
(slow)
BBF method
• Resonfeld (1995) & Cheng et al. (2003)
• BBF is defined as the fraction of grid point with
intensive reflectivity in 2 km thickness air layer
including 0 °C level to that in the whole air
column.
• B BF = a/N
a-- the number of point with reflectivity larger
than threshold within 2 km thickness air layer
including melting level .
The threshold is determined firstly by place
the reflectivity in the whole column to descend
order from Zmax to Zmin, then set the Nth
intense reflectivity within whole air column as
threshold.
N-- the number of grid point within 2 km
thickness air layer around the melting level.
•BBF<0.4
0° C
convective
•0.4<BBF<0.6 transition
•BBF>0.6
12 km
stratiform
0 km
STRATIFORM CONVECTIVE
Ratio of estimated precipitation amount for four types
SAF TYPE
SNF TYPE
25%
32%
STRATIFORM
45%
TRANSITION
50%
CONVECTIVE
30%
18%
FAF TYPE
SSF TYPE
29%
40%
44%
49%
16%
22%
Z=300 R 1.37 for convective
Z=205 R 1.48 for stratiform and transition
(Fujiwara 1965)
Ratio of estimated precipitation amount for four types
SAF TYPE
SNF TYPE
16%
42%
STRATIFORM
32%
25%
45%
TRANSITION
50%
CONVECTIVE
30%
LOWER
CONVECTION
18%
FAF TYPE
SSF TYPE
3%
49%
40%
29%
44%
49%
16%
22%
Lower convection can not be ignored!
観測期間
LAPS OKINAWA
EAST CHINA SEA
2003
OKINAWA
EAST CHINA SEA
ZHH [dBZ] の水平分布 EL=1.4 deg、 9/4 13：41（UTC)
OBSERVATION RANGE
KATSUREN
（HyARC, NAGOYA Univ.）
NAGO
（COBRA）
03 JST 25 MAY 2003
03JST 25MAY
(hPa)
NAHA
（21JST 24MAY)
⊿T ∼ ２℃
LCL : 395.5m
NAHA
BEFORE PASSAGE
0430 JST
H = 2.0 km
∼300km
CONVECTIVE
STRATIFORM
COBRA
KATSUREN
0436 JST
UP
DOWN
Moist environment in the lower atmosphere
→ Continuous supply of water vapor to the convective rain band
Rapid condensation → Rapid rain formation → Low convection
NARITA
HANEDA
H = 3 km
By S. Shimizu
By S.
By S.
Shi i
Weak Downdraft
Moist
Strong Vertical Shear
Weak Outlow
Weak Inflow
Strong Downdraft
Strong Vertical Shear
Dry
Strong Outlow
Strong Inflow
By S. Shimizu
Dual-Polarization Radar of Hokuriku Electric Power Company
Specification
Antenna
4.39 m φ
λ
5.64 cm (5320 MHz)
Peak Power
250 kW
Pulse Width
0.8 µs / 2.0 µs
Beam Width 1.0°
Hight
487 m
PRF
1180 Hz (Dual-Polarization ）
Dual PRF
Observation
Range
R=120 km (Dual-Polarization
& Doppler）
R=240 km (Normal)
Observation of Precipitation Particles
Location
Matto City
Observation Period
21-26 December 2000
Identification of Precipitation Particle Type
by Dual-Polarization Radar
/Z )
ZDR = 10log(ZH V
2253 - 2257JST DEC. 2000
2251JST
Positive Lightning
2251JST
Negative Lightning
2253 - 2257JST DEC. 2000
2253 - 2257JST DEC. 2000
2253 - 2257JST DEC. 2000
Polarimetric Radar for 4DDA?
For Better Forecasting
RADAR
Qualitative
Precipitation
Estimation
Detection of
Severe
Local Storms
Doppler Velocity
Doppler Velocity
Reflectivity
Reflectivity
Particle Type
Particle Type
CONVETIONAL
Research on
Structure of
Precipitation Systems
DOPPLER
Data Acquisition
for 4DDA
Doppler Velocity
Doppler Velocity
3D wind field
3D wind field
Reflectivity
Reflectivity
Particle Type
Particle Type
POLARIMETRIC
[ ZDR, KDP, … ]
RADAR TYPES
Cloud
Resolving
Model ?
Thank you!
Thank you!