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機能性成分と香りに優れた梅酒製造のためのウメ果実の栽培・追熟方法
ISSN 2187-5618 BULLETIN OF THE WAKAYAMA PREFECTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES NO.2 AUGUST 2013 和 歌山県農林水産試験研究機関 特別研究報告 第２号 平成２５年８月 機能性成分と香りに優れた梅酒製造のための ウメ果実の栽培・追熟方法に関する研究 和歌山県農林水産部 Agriculture, Wakayama Prefectural Forestry and Fisheries Department 和歌山県農林水産試験研究機関特別研究報告 機能性成分と香りに優れた梅酒製造のための ウメ果実の栽培・追熟方法に関する研究 ＊ 平成２５年８月 大 ＊ ：広島大学学位論文 江 孝 明 序 ウメは通常生食されないため、他の果実のように糖および酸の含量、あるい は食味で評価されることがない。そのため、内容成分や食味向上のための栽培 管理および熟度管理方法の検討はほとんど行われてこなかった。一方で、近年 消費者の機能性への関心は高まってきており、梅酒の消費においても機能性に 関するデータの蓄積と品質向上がさらなる消費拡大を図るうえで重要な課題と なっている。 これまで、「南高」を用いた梅酒の機能性成分についての報告は少なく、熟 度や栽培環境との関係を詳細に調査した事例は見あたらない。 本論文の著者、大江孝明（和歌山県果樹試験場うめ研究所主査研究員）は、 機能性成分と香り成分に優れた梅酒を製造するため、ウメ「南高」果実の栽培 および熟度管理技術、果実の機能性成分を高める栽培要因についての研究に取 り組んだ。この研究成果は、個性的な商品づくりや梅酒特区を活かしたオリジ ナル梅酒づくりへと波及が期待されるとともに、今後、生産農家においても果 実の外観品質だけではなく、より内容成分にこだわった果実を生産しようとす る意欲の向上につながるものと考えられる。 ウメの消費が低迷するなか、本研究成果は、原料果実による食味および機能 性の違いに目を向けてもらうことで、家庭で自分好みの梅酒を作成する動きや、 青果としての流通増加とウメの新たな消費拡大への期待にもつながることか ら、ここに特別研究報告として公表することとした。 本県のウメ産地は基より、ウメ産業の更なる発展に寄与することを期待する 次第である。 平成２５年８月 和歌山県果樹試験場うめ研究所 所 -1- 長 赤木 芳尊 目次 第１章 緒論 第２章 機能性成分が多いウメ果実および梅酒の生産 第１節 ウメ果実表面の紅色着色と機能性成分 第２節 着果位置の違いがウメ‘南高’果実の成熟および 1 7 16 機能性成分含量に及ぼす影響 第３節 ウメ‘南高’果実の着果位置の違いが梅酒 25 加工品の機能性成分に及ぼす影響 第３章 第１節 香りに優れた梅酒製造のための栽培・追熟方法 ウメ‘南高’果実の追熟条件が梅酒の香気成分 31 および苦み成分に及ぼす影響 第２節 ウメ‘南高’果実の着果位置の違いが梅酒 41 加工品の香気成分および苦み成分に及ぼす影響 第３節 高い芳香成分を有する梅酒製造のためのウメ 46 ‘南高’果実の熟度指標 第４章 携帯型振動硬度計によるウメ‘南高’果実の非破壊 56 硬度測定と高品質梅酒製造への応用 総合考察 72 Abstract 80 謝辞 84 引用文献 85 ➨ 䠍❶ ⥴ㄽ ࣓࢘ࡢ᮶Ṕ ࣓࢘㸦Japanese apricot, Prunus mume Siebold et Zucc.㸧ࡣ㸪ࣂࣛ⛉ࢧࢡࣛᒓࢫࣔࣔளᒓ ᒓࡍࡿⴠⴥᑠ㧗ᮌ࡛㸪୰ᅜ㸪᪥ᮏ㸪㡑ᅜ㸪ྎ‴ࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿᮾࢪᆅᇦ࡛᱂ᇵࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿ㸦ᇼෆ㸪1996a㸧㸬ࡑࡢཎ⏘ࡣ୰ᅜࡍࡿㄝࡀ᭷ຊ࡛㸪ᘺ⏕௦୰ᮇࡣ᪥ᮏఏࢃࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸦ᱵ⏣㸪2009b㸧㸪ྂࡃࡣⰼࡢほ㈹⏝ࡋ࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ⰼࢆ㚷㈹ࡍࡿ ࡓࡵ⫱✀ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠕⰼ࣓࢘ࠖࡣ㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ⣙ 400 ရ✀ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᱵ⏣㸪2009a㸧㸬 ୍᪉㸪ᯝᐇࡢ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪୰ᅜ࠾࠸࡚⸆⏝ࡋ࡚ྂࡃࡽ㔜ᐆࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪㣗⏝ ࡢᯝᐇࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡀᛴ㏿㧗ࡲࡗࡓࡢࡣ᫂௦௨㝆࡞ࡗ࡚ࡽ࡛㸪᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ㸪ሷ ₕࡅࡋࡓಖᏑ㣗ရࠕᱵᖸࡋࠖࡋ࡚㣗ࡉࢀ㸪ࢪ࣮ࣗࢫࡸᱵ㓇࠸ࡗࡓ㣧ࡳ≀㸪ⳫᏊ㢮 ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᯘ㸪2009㸹ᮡᾆ㸪2010㸧㸬㣗⏝ࡋ࡚⏝ࡉࢀࡿᐇ࣓࢘ࡣ 100 ရ✀ ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦ᇼෆ㸪1996b㸹ᱵ⏣㸪2009a㸧㸪⤒῭᱂ᇵࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿရ✀ࡣ㝈ࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᪥ᮏྛᆅ࡛Ẽೃ㢼ᅵ㐺ྜࡋ㸪㔞ࡀከࡃຍᕤ㐺ṇඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⣔⤫ࡀ㑅ᢤࡉࢀ㸪 ḷᒣ┴ࡣ͂༡㧗̓㸪⩌㤿┴ࡣ͂ⓑຍ㈡̓㸪⚟┴ࡣ͂⣚ࢧࢩ̓㸪㛗㔝┴ࡣ͂❳ᓙᑠᱵ̓㸪 ᚨᓥ┴ࡣ͂㭬ᐟ̓࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ຊရ✀ࡀྛ┴࡛␗࡞ࡿ㸦㛗㇂㒊㸪1996㸧㸬 ࣓࢘ࡢ᱂ᇵ࣭ຍᕤࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟 ᪥ᮏࡢᐇ࣓࢘᱂ᇵ㠃✚ࡣ 17,700 ha ࡛㸪࢝ࣥ࢟ࢶ㢮㸪ࣜࣥࢦ㸪࢝࢟㸪ࢡࣜ㸪ࣈࢻ࢘ḟ࠸ ࡛ᗈࡃ㸦㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬㸪2011㸧㸪せᯝᶞࡢ୍ࡘゝ࠼㸪ᅜෆ⏕⏘㔞 92,400 t ࡢ࠺ࡕḷᒣ ┴ࡀ 56,500 t ⣙ 61㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㏆␥㎰ᨻᒁ⤫ィ㒊㸪2012㸧㸬ḷᒣ┴ࡢຊရ✀࡛ ࠶ࡿ͂༡㧗̓ࡣ㸪 20 ᖺ௦ḷᒣ┴ࡳ࡞ᆅᇦ࡛㑅ᢤࡉࢀ㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ┴యࡢ⣙ 70 㸣ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ㸦ᇼෆ㸪1996b㸹ᖹ㸪2012㸧㸬㇏⏘ᛶ࡛㸪ᶞୖ࡛⇍ࡲ࡛⇍ࡍ≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ᯝ⫗ࡀᰂࡽ࠸ᱵᖸࡋୖࡀࡿࡇࡽ㸪㧗࠸ホ౯ࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦∾㔝㸪2008㸧㸬 ࣓࢘ࡣ⏕㣗ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪ࢇࡍ࡚ࡀຍᕤࡉࢀࡿ㸬ᅜ⏘࣓࢘ࡢὶ㏻ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣ㸪୍⯡ࡢ㟷ᯝ≀ྠࡌࡼ࠺㟷ᱵࡋ࡚༺ᕷሙฟⲴࡉࢀࡿ࣮ࣝࢺ㸪⏕⏘⪅ࡀ୍ḟຍ ᕤࡋࡓⓑᖸࡋᱵ㸦ሷₕࡅࡋ࡚ኳ᪥ᖸࡋࡋࡓᱵ㸧ࢆຍᕤᴗ⪅ᱵᖸࡋཎᩱࡋ࡚㈍ࡍࡿࣝ ࣮ࢺ㸪ᱵ㓇࣓࣮࣮࢝࡞ࡢᴗົ㟂せ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬㛗ᮇⓗࡳࡿ㸪࣓࢘ࡢᅜෆ౪⤥㔞ࡣ 2009 ᖺⅬ࡛ 1980 ᖺࡢ 2 ಸ௨ୖቑຍࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᪂ࡋ࠸ᱵࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ〇ရ㛤Ⓨࡀ࡞せᅉ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㛗㇂㒊㸪1996㸧㸬㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬ࡢᖹᡂ 21 ᖺ⏘≉⏘ᯝᶞ⏕⏘ືែ➼ㄪᰝ ࡼࡿ㸪✭㔞ࡢ࠺ࡕ⣙ 66㸣ࡀᱵᖸࡋࡸᱵₕ㸦ሷₕࡅࡋࡓࡔࡅࡢᱵ㸧ࡢຍᕤ⏝㸪⣙ 9 㸣ࡀᱵ㓇࡞ࡢ㣧ᩱࡢຍᕤ⏝ྥࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㟷ᱵࡋ࡚ᕷሙฟⲴࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣయ ࡢ⣙ 24㸣࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ຍᕤရࡢ୰ᚰ࡞ࡿᱵᖸࡋ࠾ࡼࡧᱵₕࡢ⏕⏘㔞ࡣ⣙ 53,000 t ࡛࠶ ࡿࡀ㸪㏆ᖺࡑࡢᾘ㈝ࡣῶᑡഴྥ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⥲ົ┬ᐙィㄪᰝࡼࡿ㸪㉎ධᩘ㔞ࡣ 2011 ᖺࡣ ࣆ࣮ࢡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ 2002 ᖺࡢ 73㸣ࡲ࡛ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣᱵᖸࡋຍᕤཎᩱࡢ⣙ ༙ศࡀ୰ᅜ➼ࡽࡢ㍺ධရ࡛༨ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᅜ⏘ᱵᖸࡋࡢᾘ㈝ࡢ⥔ᣢ࣭ᣑࡀࡁ࡞ㄢ 㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 -1 ୍᪉࡛ᕷ㈍ࡢᱵ㓇ࡢᕷሙつᶍࡣᣑࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᪥ᮏὒ㓇㓇㐀⤌ྜㄪࡢὒ㓇⛣ฟᩘ㔞ㄪ ᰝ⾲ࡼࡿ㸪2011 ᖺࡣ 44,700 kL 㸪2001 ᖺࡢ 142㸣ࡲ࡛ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㏆ ᖺᾘ㈝ࡀఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡿຍᕤရࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚㸪࣓࢘ࡢᯝỒ࡞ࢆ↻ワࡵ࡚⃰⦰ࡋࡓᱵ⫗࢚࢟ࢫ ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ㸪ᖺ㛫 50 ൨⛬ᗘࡢᕷሙつᶍࡀ࠶ࡿࡉࢀࡿ㸦ᑿᓮࡽ㸪2008㸧㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᾘ ㈝ࡢᣑࡣ࣓࢘ࡢࡶࡘᗣ࣓࣮ࢪࡀࡁࡃ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ᚋࡶᯝᐇຍᕤရ ࡢᾘ㈝ࡢቑຍࡀணࡉࢀࡿࡇࡽ㸦✄⇃㸪2012㸧㸪࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡸࡑࡢຍᕤရ࠾ࡅࡿᶵ⬟ ᛶ㛵ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ✚㸪ရ㉁ྥୖࡀࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᾘ㈝ᣑ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬 ࢘ ࣓ᯝᐇ࠾ࡼࡧ࣓࢘ຍᕤရࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ ࣓࢘ࡣᗣࡼ࠸ᯝ≀ࡋ࡚ྂ᮶ࡼࡾ⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᗣ㣗ရࡋ࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ ࡁࡓ㸦ᮡᾆ㸪2010㸧㸬᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠕ࣓࢘ࡣࡑࡢ᪥ࡢ㞴ࡢࡀࢀࠖࡸࠕ࣓࢘ࡣ୕ẘࢆ᩿ࡘࠖ࠸ ࠺ㅗࡶ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦㛫ⱟ㇂㸪2000㸧㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡑࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヲࡋ࠸ゎᯒ ࡸ㸪ࣄࢺࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓධヨ㦂ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ゝ࠸ఏ࠼ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡲࡗ࡚ ࡁࡓ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡸࡑࡢຍᕤရࡢᶵ⬟ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗゎᯒࡀ㐍ࡵࡽ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㔠㖡࣭㉥ᮌ㸪2007㸹ᑿᓮ㸪2008㸧㸬 ᯝᐇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᮌᮧࡽ㸦2006㸧ࡀ࣓࢘ࡢ⬺㢛⢏ᢚไస⏝㸦ᢠࣞࣝࢠ࣮άᛶ㸧ࡀẚ㍑ ⓗᙉ࠸ࡇ㸪ᑿᓮࡽ㸦2000㸧ࡀ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ࣌ࢡࢳࣥ㉁ࡀᇵ㣴⭠ࡀࢇ⣽⬊࠾࠸࡚㸪Ⓨ࢞ ࣥࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࢩࢡࣟ࢜࢟ࢩࢤࢼ࣮ࢮ -2㸦COX-2㸧㑇ఏᏊࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣔࢱ࣮㌿άᛶࢆᢚไࡍ ࡿࡇࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Sakagami ࡽ㸦2001㸧ࡣ㸪ᯝᐇࡢᢳฟ≀ࡀ⭠⟶ฟ⾑ᛶ⭠⳦ O-157 ᑐࡋ࡚㸪࣋ࣟẘ⣲ࡢ⏘⏕ࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Ina ࡽ㸦2004㸧ࡣ࣓࢘ᯝᐇ ྵࡲࢀࡿ࣋ࣥࢪࣝࢢࣝࢥࢩࢻࡀ㸪࢚࣮ࢸࣝࢫࢺࣞࢫୗࡢ㛢⤒ࣔࢹࣝࣛࢵࢺ࠾࠸࡚㸪ࢻ࣮ ࣃ࣑ࣥࣞ࣋ࣝࢆୖ᪼ࡉࡏ㸪⥭ᙇࢆࡽࡆࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᯝᐇࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ ᡂศࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Jong ࡽ㸦2006㸧ࡀ㏻ᖖࡢ⣽⬊స⏝ࡏࡎ࢞ࣥ⣽⬊ࡢቑṪࢆᢚไࡍࡿ ྜ≀ࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Miyazawa ࡽ㸦2006㸧ࡣ㸪(+)-Syringaresinol ࡀ⫶⅖ࡢ୍ᅉࡉࢀࡿ Helicobacter pylori ࡢάືࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Ώ㎶ࡽ㸦2001㸧ࡣ㸪ᯝᐇྵࡲ ࢀࡿ࣋ࣥࢪࣝࣅࢩࣀࢩࢻࡀࣛࢵࢺ࠾ࡼࡧࣄࢺࡢ⾑ὶࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᱵᖸࡋࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢຍᕤᕤ⛬࡛⏘≀ࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡿᱵ㓑ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿ㸬㧗ᑎࡽ㸦2004㸧ࡣ㧗ࢥࣞࢫࢸ࣮ࣟࣝ㣫ᩱ࡛㣫⫱ࡋࡓࣛࢵࢺᱵ㓑ᢳฟ≀ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇ ࡛⾑Ύ୰ࡢ㐣㓟⬡㉁࠾ࡼࡧ⫢⮚୰ࡢࢺࣜࢢࣜࢭࣛࢻྵ㔞ࡀపୗࡋ㸪⬡㉁௦ㅰࡀᨵၿࡍ ࡿሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Ώ㎶ࡽ㸦1999㸧ࡣࣄࢺ࡛ࡢᦤྲྀ࡛⬺ሷᱵ㓑ࡀ⾑ὶᨵၿస⏝ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᱵ㓇ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⋢⨨ࡽ㸦2002㸧ࡀᢠኚ␗ཎᛶࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ㸪ⓑᆏࡽ㸦1999㸪2003㸧ࡀ ᱵ㓇୰ࡢᢠ㓟ᡂศࡢ 1 ࡘࡋ࡚ࣜ࢜ࢽࣞࢩࣀ࣮ࣝࢆ༢㞳ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᢠኚ␗ཎᛶࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ㸬ࣄࢺ࡛ࡢ㣧⏝ヨ㦂࠾࠸࡚㸪ᐩ⏣㸦2003㸪2006㸧ࡀ LDL ࢥࣞࢫࢸ࣮ࣟࣝࡢῶᑡ㸪౽ ㏻ᨵၿ࠾ࡼࡧ⳦ྀᨵၿຠᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ྜྷᕝࡽ㸦2004㸪2008㸧ࡣᣑᙇᮇ⾑ᅽ࠾ ࡼࡧ⦰ᮇ⾑ᅽࡢపୗ HDL ࢥࣞࢫࢸ࣮ࣟࣝࡢቑຍࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 -2 ᱵ⫗࢚࢟ࢫࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᡓ๓ࡽᐙᗞෆ࡛ㄪ〇ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ⏝࠸ࡿẸ㛫⒪ἲࡀᬑཬࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡓࡀ㸪㏆ᖺ㸪ᩚ⭠స⏝ࢆࡶࡘᗣ㣗ရࡋ࡚ᦤྲྀࡀቑຍࡋ㸪ᕤᴗⓗ࡞〇㐀ࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡑࡢᶵ⬟ᛶࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࣄࢺࣥࣇ࢚ࣝࣥࢨ A ᆺ࢘ࣝࢫࡢឤᰁᢚไస⏝ࡀ࠶ࡾ 㸦Yingsakmongkon ࡽ㸪2008㸧㸪ࡑࡢస⏝ࡣ࣒࣓ࣇ࣮ࣛࣝࡼࡿࡇ㸦Sriwilaijaroen ࡽ㸪2011㸧 ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⾑ὶᨵၿస⏝㸦Chuda ࡽ㸪1999㸧㸪Helicobacter pylori ᑐࡍࡿ ẅ⳦ຠᯝ㸦⸨⏣ࡽ㸪2002㸧㸪⫶₽⒆ᢚไຠᯝ㸦ᓊᕝࡽ㸪2002㸧㸪ᢠኚ␗ཎᛶ㸦ᇽࣨᓮࡽ㸪 1992㸧㸪⾑ᅽୖ᪼㛵ಀࡍࡿࣥࢪ࢜ࢸࣥࢩࣥϩࡢᢚไຠᯝ㸦Ᏹ㒔ᐑࡽ㸪2001㸹Utsunomiya ࡽ㸪2002㸧ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪࣓࢘ᯝᐇ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢຍᕤရࡢᶵ⬟ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽࡞◊✲ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᗣࢆᨵၿࡶࡋࡃࡣẼࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆపῶࡍࡿᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ㸦ᑿᓮ㸪2004㸹▮㔝㸪1999㸧ࡢ࠺ ࡕ㸪࣓࢘㇏ᐩ࡞᪤▱ࡢࡶࡢࡋ࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪⑂ປᅇຠᯝࡸ⾑ὶࡢᨵၿຠᯝ ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟㸦ఀ⸨㸪1991㸹ᑿᓮ㸪2004㸹ΎỈ㸪2004㸧࡞ࡢ᭷ᶵ㓟㸪⢾ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ ࡢ୍✀࡛ᩚ⭠స⏝ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ㸦ఀ⸨㸪1991㸹ᡞ⏣࣭㧗㔝㸪2006㸧㸪ᢠ㓟ᛶࡸ ࢥࣞࢫࢸ࣮ࣟࣝୖ᪼ᢚไస⏝ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥ㸦✄⇃㸪2005㸹Suganuma ࡽ㸪2002㸹⏣ ୰㸪2002㸹⏣୰㸪2005㸹▮㔝ࡽ㸪2002㸧࠾ࡼࡧ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ㢮㸦▼ᕝࡽ㸪1999㸹⏣୰㸪 2003㸧ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ᭷ᶵ㓟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᾘᾮྵࡲࢀࡿ⫹Ồ㓟➼༠ዌⓗ స⏝ࡋ㸪ཎ⳦ࡢ⏕⫱ࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡇࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⬟ໃࡽ㸪1988a㸪b㸧㸬ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢᦤྲྀࡼࡾ㸪㐠ືᚋࡢ⾑୰ங㓟⃰ᗘࢆపୗࡉࡏࡿࡇࡶᐇドࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 㸦୕Ꮿࡽ㸪1999㸧㸬࣓࢘ྵࡲࢀࡿ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㏆ᖺ㸪ヲ⣽࡞◊✲ࡀ㐍ࡵ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡀάᛶ㓟⣲ࢆᾘཤࡍࡿ⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿᢠ㓟⬟ࡀࡢᯝᐇࡸ㔝⳯ẚ㍑ ࡋ࡚㧗࡛࠶ࡾ㸦ᮌᮧࡽ㸪2002㸹୕㇂࣭▮㔝㸪2006㸧㸪ࣛࢵࢺ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ ࣝ⏬ศࢆ⤒ཱྀᢞࡍࡿ⾑୰ࡢᢠ㓟⬟ࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦୕㇂࣭▮㔝㸪 2006㸹ᒣすࡽ㸪2005㸧㸬άᛶ㓟⣲ࡣከࡃࡢࡢཎᅉ࡞ࡾ㸪ᢠ㓟ᡂศࡢ⏕ά⩦័ண 㜵ຠᯝࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㟷ᰗ㸪2008㸹⃝㸪2005㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᱵ㓑ࡽྜᡂ྾╔ᶞ⬡࡞ ࡛ฎ⌮ࡋ࡚㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝࢆศ㞳ࡋ㸦✄ⴥࡽ㸪2011㸧㸪ᐇ㦂ື≀ᑐࡍࡿᗣቑ㐍స⏝ ࡢホ౯ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦୕㇂㸪2010㸹୕㇂࣭▮㔝㸪2006㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᙉไ㐟Ὃ⨨ࢆ ⏝࠸ࡓ࣐࢘ࢫࡢᢠ⑂ປస⏝㸦㧗ᶫࡽ㸪2010㸧㸪㧗⬡⫫㣗ᢞ࣐࢘ࢫᑐࡍࡿయ㔜ቑຍᢚไ స⏝㸦Ἑྜࡽ㸪2010㸧㸪㦵⢒㧼ࣔࢹࣝື≀࡛࠶ࡿ༸ᕢฟࣛࢵࢺᑐࡍࡿ㦵ᐦᗘᨵၿస ⏝㸦⳻ᮏࡽ㸪2009㸧㸪࣐࢘ࢫࡢ㣗ᚋ⾑⢾್ࡢୖ᪼ᢚไస⏝㸦୕㇂ࡽ㸪2009㸧㸪⮬↛Ⓨ㧗 ⾑ᅽࣛࢵࢺᑐࡍࡿ⾑ᅽ㝆ୗస⏝㸦ᒣᓮࡽ㸪2011㸧ࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⌧ᅾ㸪ࣄࢺ ධヨ㦂ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㏆ᖺ᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡸࡑࡢຍᕤရࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡣ㸪࣓࢘ࡢᾘ ㈝ᣑࡸᕪูࢆᅗࡿ࠺࠼࡛᭷⏝⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢྵ㔞ࡣ⇍ᗘࡸ᱂ᇵせᅉࡼࡗ࡚ ࡁࡃኚࡍࡿࡇࡀணࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᱂ᇵ㠃ࡽࡢ▱ぢࡣ㸪᭷ᶵ㓟ࢆ㝖࠸ ࡚ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 -3 ࢘ ࣓ᯝᐇ࠾ࡼࡧ࣓࢘ຍᕤရࡢ㤶Ẽ㸪㣗 ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ㤶ࡾࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᯝᐇ㸪ᱵᖸࡋ࠾ࡼࡧᱵ㓇࡛ࡢሗ࿌ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᯝᐇ࡛ࡣ㸪 ࣭ಖᆏ㸦2003㸧ࡀ͂⏥ᕞᑠᱵ̓ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⇍ᗘࡀ㐍⾜ࡍࡿࡘࢀ࡚(Z)-3-࣊࢟ࢭࣀ࣮ࣝ ➼ࡢ ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ㢮 ࡀῶᑡࡋ㸪 ࢚ࢫࢸࣝ㢮ࡸ ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㢮ࡀ ቑຍࡍࡿࡇ ࢆ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪 ୕Ꮿࡽ 㸦2010㸪2011㸧ࡀ㸪ᅜෆ࡛᱂ᇵࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿせ 6 ရ✀᪂ရ✀ 3 ရ✀ࡢᯝᐇࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศ⤌ ᡂࢆㄪ㸪㓗㓟ࣈࢳࣝࡸ㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ࡞ࡢ࢚ࢫࢸࣝ㢮ࡀ㒊ศࢆ༨ࡵ㸪ᯝ⫗ከࡃᏑᅾࡍ ࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᱵᖸࡋ࡛ࡣ㸪▼⏣㸦2001㸧ࡀཎᩱᱵຍᕤࡋࡓᱵᖸࡋࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศ ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᱵᖸࡋຍᕤ୰࢚ࢫࢸࣝ㢮ࡀῶᑡࡋ㸪࣋ࣥࢬࣝࢹࣄࢻࡸ㓑㓟ࡀከ ࡃ⏕ᡂࡍࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᱵ㓇࡛ࡣ㸪ᮌᮧ࣭ᒾ⏣㸦1990㸧ࡀ͂ⓑຍ㈡̓➼ࡘ࠸࡚㟷ᯝ㯤⇍ᯝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜࡢ㤶 Ẽᡂศࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ㸪ࡽ㸦2005㸧ࡀ͂⏥ᕞᑠᱵ̓ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡ ࢺࣥࡀ⏑࠸㤶ࡾࡁࡃᐤࡍࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⽥ᕝࡽ㸦1997㸧ࡣₕࡅ㎸ࡳ ᖺᩘࡢቑຍࡶ㸪࣋ࣥࢬࣝࢹࣄࢻࡀᏳᜥ㤶㓟ࡸᏳᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝ➼ኚࡍࡿ࡞㸪 㤶Ẽᡂศᩘࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡸࡑࡢຍᕤရࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศࡣ㸪ᕪูࢆᅗࡿ࠺࠼࡛᭷⏝⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ ࡀ㸪≉㸪͂༡㧗̓ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪⇍ᗘࡸ᱂ᇵ⎔ቃࡢ㛵ಀࢆヲ ⣽ㄪᰝࡋࡓࡣぢ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࣓࢘ຍᕤရࡢရ㉁ྥୖ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ ࣓࢘ࡢຍᕤ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ᱵᖸࡋ࡛ࡣᮏ◊✲࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ͂༡㧗̓ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ ᵝࠎ࡞᳨ウࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ㸦༡㒊ᕝᮧᱵຍᕤ㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪1987㸪1988㸪1989㸪1990㸧㸪㸪 ⇍ᗘࡸຍᕤ᪉ἲᑐࡍࡿᰂࡽࡉ➼ࡢᐁ⬟ホ౯ࡢ㛵ಀࡀㄪᰝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ ࡽ㸪✀ࡀᑠࡉࡃᯝ⫗ࡀከࡃ⓶ࡀⷧࡃ࡚◚ࢀࡃ࠸㸪ࡩࡗࡃࡽࡋࡓᰂࡽ࠸㣗ឤࡢࡶࡢࡀ ရ㉁ࡢⰋ࠸ᱵᖸࡋࡢ᮲௳ࡉࢀ㸪᥇ྲྀᮇࡀ᪩࠸ࡩࡗࡃࡽୖࡀࡽ࡞࠸ࠕ࢞ࣜࠖ ࡤࢀࡿᱵᖸࡋࡀ㸪ࡲࡓ㐜࠸ࡘࡪࢀࡓᱵᖸࡋࡀከࡃⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚Ⰻရ⋡ࡀపୗࡍࡿࡇࡽ㸪 㯤ࡋࡓᯝᐇࡀ 20㹼50㸣⛬ᗘΰᅾࡍࡿᮇࡀⓑᖸᱵࡢ᭱㐺⇍ᗘࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦༡㒊ᕝᮧᱵ ຍᕤ㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪1987㸧㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺Ⰻရࡢᱵᖸࡋୖࡆࡿࡣ⇍ᮇࡲ࡛⇍ᗘࢆ㐍 ࡵࡓᯝ⫗Ṍྜࡢࡁ࠸ᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ḷᒣ┴ࡢ⏘ᆅ࡛ࡣ⏕⏘⪅ࡀⓑᖸࡋᱵ ࡋ࡚㈍ࡍࡿሙྜࡣ㸪ᩜタࡋࡓࢿࢵࢺୖ⇍ⴠୗࡉࡏ࡚✭ࡍࡿࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡢရ✀ࡶྵࡵ㸪࣑ࢿࣛࣝ㸪⢾㸪᭷ᶵ㓟࠾ࡼࡧ࣑ࣀ㓟ࡢᡂศ㠃ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ຍᕤᕤ⛬࡛ࡢኚࡸ⇍ᗘࡼࡿ㐪࠸ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ྂᕷࡽ㸪2005㸹㔠Ꮚࡽ㸪1989㸹Odake ࡽ㸪1999㸹எ㯮࣭ᵽᕝ㸪1983㸧㸬 ୍᪉࡛㸪ᑠᱵࢆࡗࡓሀ࠸ᱵᖸࡋࠕ࢝ࣜ࢝ࣜᱵࠖࡶᾘ㈝⪅ዲࡲࢀ㸪͂⏥ᕞᑠᱵ̓ࡘ ࠸࡚㸪⇍ᗘ㸪ຍᕤ᪉ἲࡢ㠃ࡽᵝࠎ࡞᳨ウࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ〇㐀㐺ࡋࡓᯝᐇ⇍ᗘࡸ࢝ࣝࢩ ࣒࢘ῧຍࡼࡿ◳ᗘಖᣢ᪉ἲ➼ࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᑠ➉ࡽ㸪1995㸹எ㯮㸪1996㸹எ㯮࣭ -4 㔠Ꮚ㸪1993㸹எ㯮࣭㔠Ꮚ㸪1994b㸹Otoguro ࡽ㸪1995㸧㸬 ⢾ᢳฟᾮࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᯝỒᢳฟ⋡ࡢရ✀㛫ᕪࡸ͂༡㧗̓࠾ࡅࡿ✭㐺ᮇ㸦ᇉෆࡽ㸪1985b㸧㸪 ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝࢆࡼࡾከࡃᢳฟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢຍᕤ᪉ἲ㸦ᑿᓮࡽ㸪2011㸧ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᱵ㓇ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞ᱵ㓇〇㐀᪉ἲ㸦㧗㎷ࡽ㸪1992㸧㸪➹⪅ࡽࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ ຍᕤ᪉ἲ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2009㸧㸪㈓ⶶ୰ࡢᡂศኚ㸦ᐩỌࡽ㸪2001㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌ࡀࡳࡽࢀ ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ㐪࠸ࡀᱵ㓇ࡢရ㉁ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌ࡣᑡ࡞࠸㸬୍⯡ရ ㉁ࡢ㧗࠸ᱵ㓇ࢆసࡿࡣ㸪ࠕ㟷ࡃ࡚ሀ࠸ࠖᯝᐇࡀ㐺ࡍࡿࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸦⸨ᕳ㸪2002㸧㸪ࡑࡢ ⌮⏤ࡣ᫂☜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬ᯝᐇࡢ⇍ᗘᱵ㓇ရ㉁ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪͂ⓑຍ㈡̓ 㸦Kaneko ࡽ㸪1998㸧ࡸ͂⏥ᕞᑠᱵ̓㸦୕ᯞࡽ㸪1986㸧࡛ࡣ㸪⇍ࡋࡓᯝᐇࡢ᪉ࡀⱞࡳࡢᑡ࡞ ࠸ᱵ㓇ୖࡀࡿࡢሗ࿌ࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪͂༡㧗̓㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌ࡣࢇ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪➹ ⪅ࡽࡣᯝᐇ⇍ᗘࡢ㛵ಀ╔┠ࡋ㸪ヲ⣽ㄪᰝࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2006b㸪2007a㸪2008㸧㸬 ࡇࡢ୰࡛ᯝᐇ࠾ࡼࡧᱵ㓇ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ㸪ᯝᐇࡢ᥇ྲྀᮇ㸪ࡁࡉ㸪✭ ᚋࡢ⇍ᗘ㐍⾜ࡼࡾኚືࡍࡿࡇࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪㣗ᡂศࡢ㛵ಀࡸ⇍ᗘ௨ እࡢ᱂ᇵせᅉᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺᪥ᮏࡢせᯝᶞ࡛࠶ࡿࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ࡢᯝᶞẚ࡚࣓࢘ᯝᐇᡂศ㛵ࡍ ࡿ◊✲ࡣ㝈ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ୖグ௨እࡢᡂศ࡛ࡣ㸪⢾࠾ࡼࡧ࣑ࣀ㓟㸦✄ⴥ࣭୰ᮧ㸪1981㸹 ᇉෆࡽ㸪1985a㸹எ㯮࣭㔠Ꮚ㸪1994a㸹ඵ୪ࡽ㸪1988㸧㸪✀Ꮚࡢ⬡㉁ᡂศ㸦ⴗཎࡽ㸪1982㸧㸪 ✀Ꮚከ㔞ྵࡲࢀࡿ㟷㓟㓄⢾య㸦ᆤ࣭ụ⏣㸪1994㸹㎷ἑࡽ㸪1986㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌ࡀ ࡳࡽࢀࡿ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬๓㏙ࡢ࠾ࡾ㸪ᱵᖸࡋࡢᾘ㈝ࡀῶᑡࡋ㸪㍺ධ㔞ࡀቑຍࡍࡿ୰㸪ᅜ⏘ ရࡢᕪู㸪ಶᛶၟᮦసࡾ㸦㧗ရ㉁⏕⏘ᢏ⾡㸧ᑐࡍࡿ⏕⏘⪅ࡢせồࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 ᯝᐇࡸຍᕤရࡢෆᐜᡂศᑐࡍࡿ᱂ᇵ᪉ἲࡢᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢゎ᫂ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᮏ◊✲ࡣᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ㤶ࡾඃࢀࡓᱵ㓇〇㐀ࡢࡓࡵ㸪࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇࡢ᱂ᇵ࠾ࡼࡧ⇍ ᗘ⟶⌮ᢏ⾡ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽࡋࡼ࠺ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢ୍⎔ࡋ࡚ᯝᐇࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡀ㧗 ࡲࡿ᱂ᇵせᅉࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᫂ࡽࡋࡼ࠺ࡋࡓ㸬 ᮏㄽᩥࡢ➨ 2 ❶࡛ࡣ㸪࣓࢘ᯝᐇ࠾ࡼࡧᱵ㓇ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ᱂ᇵせᅉ⇍ᗘ⟶⌮ᢏ ⾡ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬1 ⠇࡛ࡣ͂༡㧗̓ࡀ㝧ගୗ࡛ࡣ⣚Ⰽ╔ⰍࡍࡿⅬ╔┠ࡋ㸪ᯝᐇ⾲ 㠃ࡢ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ⛬ᗘࡢ㐪࠸ᯝᐇࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞ࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬2 ⠇࡛ࡣᯝᐇእほ ࡽ ุ᩿ࡋ࡚ᶞෙ ෆᒙᯝᐇࢆ እᒙᯝᐇࡼࡾ ࡶ✭ᮇࢆ 㐜ࡽࡏࡿ⌧ ≧ࡢ✭᪉ἲ ࡘ࠸ ࡚㸪ᯝᐇࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞ࡢ㠃ࡽຠᯝࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓ㸬3 ⠇࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞✭᪉ἲࡘ࠸ ࡚㸪ᱵ㓇ຍᕤရࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞ࡢ㠃ࡽຠᯝࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓ㸬 ᮏㄽᩥࡢ➨ 3 ❶࡛ࡣ㸪㤶ࡾඃࢀࡓᱵ㓇〇㐀ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᱂ᇵ࠾ࡼࡧ㏣⇍᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝ ࡋࡓ㸬1 ⠇࡛ࡣᱵ㓇䛾㤶䜚䜢㧗䜑ⱞ䜏ᡂศ䜢ᑡ䛺䛟䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾㏣⇍᮲௳䛻䛴䛔䛶ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬2 ⠇ ࡛ࡣཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀᱵ㓇ࡢ㤶ࡾ࠾ࡼࡧ ⱞ䜏ᡂศ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬3 ⠇࡛ࡣ㧗࠸ⰾ㤶ᡂศࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᱵ㓇〇㐀ࡢࡓࡵࡢཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ⇍ᗘᣦᶆࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬 ᮏㄽᩥࡢ➨ 4 ❶࡛ࡣ㸪➨ 3 ❶࡛㧗࠸ⰾ㤶ᡂศࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᱵ㓇ࢆ〇㐀ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇ -5 ࡢ⇍ᗘᣦᶆ࡞ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡘ࠸࡚㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ௦ࢃࡿỗ⏝ᛶࡢ 㧗࠸ᦠᖏᆺࡢ◳ᗘ ᐃἲࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬 -6 ➨ 䠎❶㻌 ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ䛜ከ䛔䜴䝯ᯝᐇ䛚䜘䜃ᱵ㓇䛾⏕⏘ ➨䠍⠇㻌 䜴䝯ᯝᐇ⾲㠃䛾⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ䛸ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ ⥴ゝ ୍⯡ⓗ㸪ᯝᐇရ㉁ࡣࡁࡉ㸪╔Ⰽ࠸ࡗࡓእほຍ࠼࡚㸪⢾㸪㓟ࡢྵ㔞ࡸ◳ࡉ࡛ᕪู ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ရ㉁ྥୖࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠ࡢ㠀◚ቯ ᐃἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ ࡓ㸦Kawano ࡽ㸪1993㸹Taniwaki and Sakurai,㸪2010㸧㸬ࡋࡋ㸪➨ 1 ❶࡛㏙ࡓࡼ࠺㸪 ⏕ࡢ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡣ㣗ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪㣗࡛ᕪูࢆᅗࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸㸬୍᪉࡛㸪㏆ᖺᾘ ㈝⪅ࡢᗣព㆑ࡀ㧗ࡲࡾ㸪ᯝᐇࡀࡶࡘಖᶵ⬟ࡘ࠸࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᯝᐇ 㢮 ྵ ࡲ ࢀ ࡿ ᶵ ⬟ ᛶ ᡂ ศ ྵ 㔞 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ᢠ 㓟 ⬟ ࡢ ရ ┠ 㸪 ရ ✀ ู ࡢ ẚ ㍑ 㸦 Mercadante and Rodriguez-Amaya㸪1998㸹Prior ࡽ㸪1998㸹Strangelamd ࡽ㸪2009㸹㡲⏣ࡽ㸪2005㸹Sun ࡽ㸪 2002㸹Velioglu ࡽ㸪1998㸹Wang ࡽ㸪1996㸹Wang and Lin㸪2000㸧ࡸ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆቑࡸࡍࡓࡵ ࡢ⇍ᗘ㸦Çelik ࡽ㸪2008㸧୪ࡧ᱂ᇵᢏ⾡㸦すᕝࡽ㸪2011㸧ࡢ᳨ウࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࣓࢘ ྠࡌ᰾ᯝ㢮ࡢすὒࢫ࡛ࣔࣔࡣ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ရ✀ูࡢẚ㍑ 㸦Kim ࡽ㸪2003a㸪b㸹ᑠᔱࡽ㸪2005㸧㸪ᢠ㓟⬟ᐤࡍࡿ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝᡂศࡢ≉ᐃ㸦Chun ࡽ㸪2003a㸪b㸹Kayano ࡽ㸪2002㸪2003㸹Nakantani ࡽ㸪2000㸧㸪ࣥࢺࢩࢽࣥ⤌ᡂࡢရ ✀ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ⇍ ᗘ ู ࡢ 㐪 ࠸ 㸦 Usenik ࡽ 㸪 2009㸧 㸪 ᯝ ᐇ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࢪ ࣗ ࣮ ࢫ ຍ ᕤ ရ ࡢ ྵ 㔞 ࡢ ẚ ㍑ 㸦Donovan ࡽ㸪1998㸧➼ࡢᵝࠎ࡞᳨ウࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢁࡀ㸪࣓࢘ࡣྂࡃࡼࡾᗣ㣗 ရࡋ࡚ㄆ▱ࡉࢀ⸆⏝ⓗ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᗣ㛵ಀࡍࡿᡂศࡀ᱂ᇵ᮲௳ ࡼࡾࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡣ࠶ࡲࡾㄪᰝࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬 ࡇࢀࡲ࡛➹⪅ࡽࡣ㸪ရ✀⫱ᡂࡢ㠃ࡽ㸪せ࡞࣓࢘ရ✀ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࢆㄪᰝࡋ࡚͂ᆅ ⶶᱵ̓ ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥྵ㔞ࡀከ࠸ࡇࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2006a㸧㸪͂༡㧗̓ࡢ㞧 ࡼࡾ㸪⏕⏘ᛶඃࢀ࡚ ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥྵ㔞ࡀከ࠸͂ᶳ㧗̓ࢆ⫱ᡂࡋࡓ㸦᰿᮶ࡽ㸪2007㸧㸬୍᪉㸪 ᱂ᇵ㠃ࡽࡣ㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ࡀᯝᐇࡢ᥇ྲྀᮇ㸪ࡁࡉ㸪✭ᚋࡢ⇍ᗘ㐍⾜ ࡼࡾኚືࡍࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2006b㸪2007a㸪2008㸧㸬ࡉࡽ㸪୍⯡ⓗᢠ㓟 ⬟㛵ಀࡍࡿ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝࡢྵ㔞ࡣ㸪ᅵተ᮲௳㸦ஂಖ⏣࣭ᕤ⸨㸪1992㸧㸪 ᗘ㸦Ɫྡ ࡽ㸪1979㸹ᒣ⏣ࡽ㸪1988㸧㸪᱂ᇵ⟶⌮㸦ஂಖ⏣ࡽ㸪1993a㸪b㸧࡞ࡼࡾࡁࡃᕥྑࡉࢀ ࡿࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ୍᪉㸪ḷᒣ┴ࡢせရ✀࡛࠶ࡿ͂༡㧗̓ࡣ㸪㝧ࡀᙜࡓࡿ㒊ศⓗ⣚Ⰽࢆᖏࡧࡿ≉ᚩ ࢆࡶࡘ㸬⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣࡢᯝᐇ࡛ከࡃ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࠼ࡤ㸪࣐ࣥࢦ࣮࡛ගࡢ ᙉࡉࡀᯝ⓶ࡢ⣚ⰍⓎ⌧㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ㸦బࠎᮌ࣭Ᏹ㒔ᐑ㸪2002㸧㸪ࣞࣔࣥ࠾ࡼࡧࣜࣥ ࢦ࡛ᯝ⓶ࡢᢠ㓟⬟ࡣගࡼࡾ㧗ࡲࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Kondo ࡽ㸪2003㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪 ⣸እ ගࡀ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ ࣀ࣮ࣝࡢ୍ ✀࡛࠶ࡿ⣚Ⰽ Ⰽ⣲ࡢࣥࢺ ࢩࢽࣥ⏕ ᡂࢆቑຍࡉࡏ ࡿࡇ ࡀ㸪࢜࢘ࢺ࢘㸦Arakawa㸪1993㸹Kataoka ࡽ㸪1996㸧ࡸࣔࣔ㸦Kataoka and Beppu㸪2004㸧࡛ ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࣓࢘ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⣚Ⰽࢆᖏࡧࡿ㝧ගᯝࡣ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ 㧗࠸ᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ㸪ᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢ 30㸣௨ୖ㩭᫂⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡋࡓᯝᐇࡣእほࡢ⨾ࡋࡉ -7 ࡽ㏻ᖖࡢᯝᐇࡢ 2㹼3 ಸ⛬ᗘ࡛ྲྀᘬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ᭷ ຠ࡞⏕⏘ᢏ⾡ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࡣ㸪⏕⏘⪅ࡢ┈ᛶྥୖ࠸ᙺ❧ࡘ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪➹⪅ ࡽࡢ▱ࡿ㝈ࡾ࡛ࡣ࣓࢘ࡘ࠸࡚⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡸ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡢရ㉁㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ ࡣࢇࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ᱂ᇵ⟶⌮ᢏ⾡ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿ୍⎔ࡋ࡚㸪 ᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢ⣚Ⰽ᭷ᶵᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ㸬 ᮦ ᩱ䛚䜘䜃᪉ἲ 1䠊ᯝᐇ䛾⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ䛸ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞䛸䛾㛵ಀ䠄ヨ㦂 1䠅 ḷᒣ┴᪥㧗ᆅᇦ᳜᱂ࡢ͂༡㧗̓ࡘ࠸࡚㸪2002 ᖺࡣ 3 ᶞ㸪2007 ᖺࡣ 5 ᶞࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬 㟷ᯝ✭ᮇ㸦2002 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 7 ᪥㸪2007 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 4 ᪥㸧㸪ᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢ 25㸣௨ୖ╔Ⰽࡋࡓᯝᐇ 㸦⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇ㸧㸪㏆᥋ࡍࡿࡃ╔Ⰽࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᯝᐇ㸦↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇ㸧ࢆᶞෙእ࿘㒊ࡢᖹ ᆒⓗ࡞ࡁࡉࡢᯝᐇࡽ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸬୧༊ࡶ 2002 ᖺࡣྛᶞ 10 ᯝ㸪2007 ᖺࡣྛᶞ 5 ᯝࢆ᥇ ྲྀࡋࡓ㸬⇍ᗘ㐍⾜ࡶኚࡋ࡚⇍ᗘᣦᶆ࡞ࡿ㸪ᯝᐇ㔜㸪ᯝᙧᣦᩘ㸦⦪ᚄ㸭ᶓᚄ㸧㸪 ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ㸦COMPACK-100㸪ࢧࣥ⛉Ꮫ㸧ࡼࡿᯝᐇ◳ᗘ㸪Ⰽᕪィ㸦NR-3000㸪᪥ᮏ㟁Ⰽ㸧 ࡼࡿᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱࡼࡿᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡣ㸪┤ᚄ 5 mm ࡢᰕᙧࣉࣛࣥ ࢪ࣮ࣕࢆ╔ࡋ࡚㸪1 mm㺃s -1 ࡢ㏿ᗘ࡛ 1 mm ㈏ධࡍࡿࡢ᭱㈇Ⲵࢆ㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b*್ࡣ㠀╔ Ⰽഃࡢᯝᐇ㉥㐨㒊ࡢ್㸦ྛᯝ 1 ᡤ㸧ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬⣚Ⰽ㒊ศࡀᯝᐇ⾲㠃༨ࡵࡿྜࡣ㐣 ཤࡢሗ࿌㸦Whale and Singh, 2007㸧ࢆཧ⪃㸪5㸣้ࡳ࡛┠どࡼࡾㄪᰝࡋ࡚ 0㹼100㸣࡛ᩘ ್ࡋࡓ㸬2002 ᖺࡣᯝ⓶Ⰽ a *್ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡢ╔Ⰽ㒊ศ↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡢ㉥㐨㒊 ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 ᐃࡋࡓᯝᐇࡣ᭷ᶵᡂศࡢศᯒ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬ᯝ⫗㸦ᯝ⓶ࢆྵࡴ㸪௨ୗྠᵝ㸧 ࢆྛᯝࡽࡰᆒ➼ྛ༊ࡶྜィ 10 g ྲྀࡾ㸪ศᯒࡲ࡛-28°C ࡢࣇ࣮ࣜࢨ࣮୰ಖᏑࡋ㸪 ᚋ㸪᭷ᶵ㓟㸪ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ㸪ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞୪ࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࢆศ ᯒࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡎ㸪10 g ࡢ෭ヨᩱࢆ 80㸣࢚ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝ⁐ᾮ࡛࣍ࣔࢪࢼࢬࡋ㸪100 mL ᐃᐜ ࡋࡓ㸬ᢳฟᾮࡣ 0.45 μm ࡢࣇࣝࢱ࣮ࢆ㏻ࡋ㸪᭷ᶵ㓟ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝࡣ HPLC㸦LC-10Avp, ᓥὠ〇సᡤ㸧࡛㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ᢠ㓟⬟ࡣศගගᗘィ㸦V-550, JASCO㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬᭷ᶵ㓟ࡣ┤⤖ࡋࡓ 2 ᮏࡢ Shim-pack SCR-102H ࣒࢝ࣛ㸦300×7.9 mm, ᓥὠ〇సᡤ㸧 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪࣒࢝ࣛ ᗘ 40°C ࡛ศᯒࡋࡓ㸬⛣ື┦ࡣ 5 mM p-ࢺ࢚ࣝࣥࢫࣝ࣍ࣥ㓟࡛ὶ㏿ 0.8 mL 㺃min -1㸪⦆⾪ᾮ㸦pH7.1㸧ࡣ 100 μM EDTA ࠾ࡼࡧ 20 mM Bis-Tris ࢆྵࡴ 5 mM p-ࢺ࢚ࣝࣥࢫ ࣝ࣍ࣥ㓟࡛ὶ㏿ 0.8 mL㺃min -1 ࡋ㸪㟁Ẽఏᑟᗘ᳨ฟჾ㸦CDD-6A, ᓥὠ〇సᡤ㸧࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝࡣ Shim-pack SCR-101P ࣒࢝ࣛ㸦300 ×7.9 mm, ᓥὠ〇సᡤ㸧 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪࢝ ࣒ࣛ ᗘ 80°C ࡛ศᯒࡋࡓ㸬⛣ື┦ࡣỈ࡛ὶ㏿ 1 mL㺃min -1 ࡋ㸪♧ᕪᒅᢡ᳨ฟჾ㸦RID-10A, ᓥ ὠ 〇 స ᡤ 㸧 ࡛ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࣏ ࣜ ࣇ ࢙ ࣀ ࣮ ࣝ ྵ 㔞 ࡣ 㸪 㕥 ᮌ ࡽ 㸦 2002 㸧 ࡢ ᪉ ἲ ࢆ ཧ ⪃ Folin-Ciocalteu ἲ ࡛ ᐃ ࡋ 㸪 ࢡ ࣟ ࣟ ࢤ ࣥ 㓟 ┦ ᙜ 㔞 ࡋ ࡚ ⾲ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 25 ಸ ᕼ 㔘 ࡋ ࡓ Folin-Ciocalteu ヨ⸆ 5 mL 0.2 mL ࡢヨᩱ⁐ᾮࢆຍ࠼࡚ᨩᢾࡋ㸪3 ศᚋ㸪1 mL ࡢ 10㸣 Na 2CO 3 ࢆຍ࠼࡚ᨩᢾࡋ࡚ 60 ศ㛫ᐊ ࡛ᨺ⨨ࡋࡓᚋ㸪760 nm ࡢ྾ගᗘࢆศගගᗘィ࡛ ᐃ -8 ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᢠ 㓟 ⬟ ࡣ ᑠ ᯘ 㸦 1999 㸧 ࡢ ᪉ ἲ ࢆ ཧ ⪃ 㸪 Ᏻ ᐃ ࣛ ࢪ ࢝ ࣝ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl㸦 DPPH㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࢪ࢝ࣝᾘཤ⬟ࢆ ᐃࡋ㸪Į-ࢺࢥࣇ ࢙࣮ࣟࣝ┦ᙜ㔞ࡋ࡚⾲ࡋࡓ㸬0.8 mL ࡢ 0.1 M Tris ⦆⾪ᾮ㸦pH7.4㸧 1 ml ࡢ 500 μM DPPH ࢚ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝ⁐ᾮࡢΰྜᾮ 0.2 mL ࡢヨᩱ⁐ᾮࢆຍ࠼࡚ᨩᢾࡋ㸪ᐊ ࡛ 20 ศ㛫ᛂࡉࡏࡓ ᚋ㸪ศගගᗘィࢆ⏝࠸࡚ 517 nm ࡢ྾ගᗘࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥྵ㔞ࡢ ᐃࡣ㐣ཤࡢሗ࿌ 㸦‶⏣ࡽ, 2002㸹 ࣭Ⲕ⌋, 1995㸧‽ࡌ㸪HPLC ࡛௨ୗࡢ᪉ἲࡼࡾ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬10 g ࡢ෭ ヨᩱࢆࢭࢺ࡛ࣥ࣍ࣔࢪࢼࢬࡋ㸪ࢭࢺ࡛ࣥṧ´ࢆὙ࠸࡞ࡀࡽ࢞ࣛࢫࣇࣝࢱ࣮ 㸦11G-3㸪Sansyo㸧ࢆ㏻ࡋࡓ㸬ᢳฟᾮࢆ 100 mL ࣓ࢫࢵࣉࡋ㸪0.45 μm ࡢࣇࣝࢱ࣮ ㏻ࡋࡓ㸬ศᯒࡣ Shim-pack VP-ODS ࣒࢝ࣛ㸦150 ×4.6 mm, ᓥὠ〇సᡤ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪࣒࢝ࣛ ᗘ 40°C ࡛⾜ࡗࡓ㸬⛣ື┦ࡣ A ᾮ㸦90㸣ࢭࢺࢽࢺࣜࣝ㸧 B ᾮ㸦㓑㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㸧ࡢࢢࣛ ࢪ࢙ࣥࢺ㸦0㹼13 ศࡅ࡚ A ᾮࢆ 100㸣ࡽ 50㸣㸪B ᾮࢆ 0㸣ࡽ 50㸣ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ 23 ศ ࡲ ࡛ A ᾮ ࢆ 50㸣 㸪 B ᾮ 50㸣 ࢆ ಖ ᣢ 㸧 ࡛ ὶ 㔞 1.5 mL㺃 min -1 ࡋ 㸪 UV-VIS ᳨ ฟ ჾ 㸦SPD-10AVvp㸪ᓥὠ〇సᡤ㸧࡛ 450 nm ྾ගᗘࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬⤫ィฎ⌮ࡣ t ᳨ᐃ࡛⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 2䠊 䠊 ᯝᐇ䜈䛾⣸እග䛾㐽᩿䛸⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ䛚䜘䜃ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞䠄ヨ㦂 2䠅 ḷᒣ┴࠺ࡵ◊✲ᡤ᳜᱂ࡢ͂༡㧗̓ࡘ࠸࡚㸪2005 ᖺࡣ 1 ᶞ㸪2007 ᖺࡣ 4 ᶞࡢ㝧ගୗࡢ ᯝᐇࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬┤ᑕ᪥ගࡢᙜࡓࡿᯝᐇࡢ࠺ࡕ 2005 ᖺࡣ 8 ᯝ㸪2007 ᖺࡣ 10 ᯝࢆ✭๓⣙ 3 㐌㛫㸦2005 ᖺࡣ 25 ᪥㛫㸪2007 ᖺࡣ 19 ᪥㛫㸧㸪400 nm ௨ୗࡢගࢆ㐽᩿ࡍࡿ UV ࢝ࢵࢺࣇ ࣒ࣝ㸦࢟ࣥࢢ〇సᡤ㸧࡛⿕そࡋ㸦௨ୗ UV ࢝ࢵࢺᯝᐇ㸧㸪㏆᥋ࡍࡿࡢ 8 ࡞࠸ࡋ 10 ᯝࢆ ┤ᑕ᪥ගᙜ࡚㸪↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇࡋࡓ㸬㟷ᯝ✭┒ᮇ㸦2005 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 14 ᪥㸪2007 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 4 ᪥㸧 ᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋ㸪⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽྜࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬2005 ᖺヨ㦂 1 ྠᵝ㝧ගഃࡢᯝ⓶Ⰽ a * ್ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡶ㸪୧ᖺࡶ᭷ᶵᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࢆศᯒࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪2005 ᖺࡣ 1 ᶞࡢࡳࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓࡓࡵ㸪ᯝᐇࡈศᯒࡋࡓ㸬⤫ィฎ⌮ࡣ t ᳨ᐃ࡛⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 3䠊ᯝᐇ䜈䛾⣸እ⥺↷ᑕ䛸⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ䛚䜘䜃ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞䠄ヨ㦂 3䠅 2010 ᖺḷᒣ┴࠺ࡵ◊✲ᡤ᳜᱂ࡢ͂༡㧗̓1 ᶞࡢᶞෙෆ㒊ࡢ┤ᑕ᪥ගࡀࢇᙜࡓ ࡽ࡞࠸ᯝᐇࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬✭ 10 ᪥๓ࡢኪ㛫 12 㛫㸪UV ࣛࣥࣉ㸦GL8E㸪8W㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡἼ 㛗 306 nm㸪୕ඹ㟁Ẽ㸧ࡼࡾ㸪UV ࢆᑕ࣐ࣝࢳᑕࡉࡏ࡚ᯝᐇ↷ᑕࡋࡓ㸬UV ࣓࣮ ࢱ࣮㸦Lutron UV-340㸪 ᐃ⠊ᅖ 290-390 nm㸪EKT Eelectronics㸧࡛ ᐃࡋࡓᑕ࣐ࣝࢳࡢ UV ගࡢᑕ⋡㸦ᆅୖ 40 cm ࡛ࡢᑕග ᐃ್㸭┤ᑕග ᐃ್ × 100㸧ࡣ㸪68㸣࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ᑕ࣐ࣝࢳࡣᶞෙእ࿘ୗ㸦ᖿࡼࡾ 1㹼2.5 m ࡢ㊥㞳㸧ࡢ∦ഃ㸦↷ᑕഃ㸧ᩜタࡋ㸪UV ࣛ ࣥࣉࡣᖿࡽ 2.5 m タ⨨ࡋࡓ㸬㟷ᯝ✭ᮇ㸦2010 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 20 ᪥㸧ᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋ㸪↷ ᑕഃࡢᶞෙෆ㒊ࡢ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇ 10 ᯝ㸦UV ↷ᑕᯝᐇ㸧↷ᑕഃࡢᑐഃࡢ↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇ 10 ᯝ㸦↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇ㸧ࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸬⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽྜࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓᚋ㸪UV ↷ᑕᯝᐇࡣ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ㠃 ↓╔Ⰽ㠃ศࡅࡓ㸬ᯝᐇࡈヨ㦂 1 ྠᵝ᭷ᶵᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬⤫ィ ฎ⌮ࡣ t ᳨ᐃ࠾ࡼࡧ Tukey ࡢ᳨ᐃ࡛⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 -9 4䠊 䠊 ᯝᐇ䛻᪥ග䜢ᙜ䛶䜛ྛ✀ฎ⌮䛾⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ䛚䜘䜃ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䠄ヨ㦂 4䠅 ḷᒣ┴᪥㧗ᆅᇦ᳜᱂ࡢ͂༡㧗̓ࡘ࠸࡚㸪2003 ᖺࡣ 1 ᶞ㸪2004 ᖺࡣ 3 ᶞࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬 1 ᶞࡘࡁ 10 ᯝࡢᯝᐇ࿘㎶ࡢᯞⴥࢆ✭ 3㹼4 㐌๓㸦2003 ᖺࡣ✭ 28 ᪥๓㸪2004 ᖺࡣ ✭ 22 ᪥๓㸧㝖ࡋ࡚ᯝᐇ᪥ගࢆᙜ࡚㸦௨ୗ㝧ගᯝᐇ㸧㸪㏆᥋ࡍࡿ┤ᑕ᪥ගࡀࢇ ᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ᯝᐇ 10 ᯝࢆᑐ↷㸦↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇ㸧ࡋࡓ㸬㟷ᯝ✭ᮇ㸦2003 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 6 ᪥㸪2004 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 8 ᪥㸧ⴠᯝࡏࡎṧࡗࡓᯝᐇ㸦ྛᶞ 7㹼10 ᯝ㸧ࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋ㸪୧ᖺࡶヨ㦂 1 ྠᵝ ╔ Ⰽྜ㸪᭷ᶵ ᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧ ᢠ㓟⬟ࢆㄪ ᰝࡋࡓ㸬ຍ࠼ ࡚㸪ࣥࢺ ࢩࢽࣥྵ㔞 ࢆୖ⏣ 㸦2000㸧࠾ࡼࡧ㉥ᮌࡽ㸦2011㸧ࡢ᪉ἲࢆࡶ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪10 g ࡢ෭ヨᩱࢆ 5 㸣㓑㓟࡛࣍ࣔࢪࢼࢬࡋ࡚ 100 mL ᐃᐜࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࢀࢆ 4°C ࡢᬯ㯮ୗ 24 㛫࠾࠸࡚ࣥ ࢺࢩࢽࣥࢆᢳฟࡋ㸪ᢳฟ≀ࡣ 0.45 μm ࣇࣝࢱ࣮ࢆ㏻ࡋࡓ㸬ࣥࢺࢩࢽࣥ㔞ࡣ㸪HPLC ࡼࡾ Shim-pack VP-ODS ࣒࢝ࣛ㸦150 ×4.6 mm㸪ᓥὠ〇సᡤ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪࣒࢝ࣛ ᗘ 40°C ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬⛣ື┦ࡣ A ᾮ㸦10㸣㓑㓟㸧 B ᾮ㸦40㸣ࢭࢺࢽࢺࣜࣝࢆྵࡴ 10㸣㓑㓟㸧 ࡢࢢࣛࢪ࢙ࣥࢺ㸦0㹼20 ศࡅ࡚ A ᾮࢆ 100㸣ࡽ 0㸣㸪B ᾮࢆ 0㸣ࡽ 100㸣ࡋ㸪ࡑ ࡢᚋ 40 ศࡲ࡛ B ᾮ 100㸣ࢆಖᣢ㸧࡛ὶ㔞 1 mL㺃min -1 ࡋ㸪UV-VIS ᳨ฟჾ࡛ 530 nm ྾ග ᗘࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ࣥࢺࢩࢽࣥࡢศᯒࡣ 2003 ᖺࡢヨ㦂ࡢࡳᯝᐇࡈ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪2007㸪2008 ᖺḷᒣ┴᪥㧗ᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚㸪࢜࢘ࢺ࢘ࡸࣜࣥࢦ➼࡛╔Ⰽಁ㐍ࡢࡓ ࡵ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 2 ✀ࡢᑕ࣐ࣝࢳࢆ✭๓ 40 ᪥㛫㸪ᶞෙእ࿘ୗᩜタࡋ࡚⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽಁ 㐍ຠᯝࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬2 ✀ࡢᑕ࣐ࣝࢳࡣ㸪✰ࡢ࡞࠸ⓑⰍࡢࡶࡢ㸦DuPont㸧 30 ×20 cm 㛫 㝸࡛┤ᚄ 8 mm ࡢ✰ࡀ࠶ࡿ㖟Ⰽࡢࡶࡢ㸦᪥❧ AIC㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬ຍ࠼࡚㸪2008 ᖺࡣྛᑕ࣐ ࣝࢳࡢග㔞Ꮚ⣸እගࡢᑕ⋡㸦ᆅୖ 40cm ࡛ࡢᑕග ᐃ್㸭┤ᑕග ᐃ್ × 100㸧ࢆ ග㔞Ꮚィ㸦LI-250A㸪LI-COR㸧⣸እගィ㸦Lutron UV-340㸪EKT Eelectronics㸧࡛ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬 ⤫ィฎ⌮ࡣ Tukey ࡢ᳨ᐃ࡛⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 ⤖ᯝ 1䠊ᯝᐇ䛾⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ⛬ᗘ䛸ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞䠄ヨ㦂 1䠅 ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡋࡓᯝᐇࡢ╔Ⰽྜࡣ୧ᖺࡶ 36㸣࡛㸪2002 ᖺࡢᯝ⓶Ⰽ a *್ࡣ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇ ࡀ↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇẚ࡚ࡁࡗࡓ㸦➨ 1 ⾲㸧㸬⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇ↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡢ㛫ࡣ㸪ᯝ ᐇ㔜㸪ᯝᙧᣦᩘ㸦⦪ᚄ㸭ᶓᚄ㸧㸪ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ࡛ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᯝ⫗ 㸦ᯝ⓶ࢆྵࡴ㸧ࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ᭷ᶵᡂศࡸᢠ㓟⬟㐪࠸ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸦➨ 2 ⾲㸧㸬2002 ᖺ㸪 2007 ᖺࡶ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡣᯝ⫗୰ࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟࠾ࡼࡧ⥲᭷ᶵ㓟㸦ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ࣜࣥࢦ㓟ࡢྜ ィ㸧ࡢྵ㔞ࡀ↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇẚ࡚᭷ពከࡃ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1.06㹼1.12 ಸ࠾ࡼࡧ 1.05㹼1.07 ಸ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࣜࣥࢦ㓟࠾ࡼࡧ ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥྵ㔞ࡣ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇ↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡢ㛫᭷ពᕪࡀ ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡣ 2007 ᖺࡢࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡀ↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇẚ࡚᭷ពከࡃ㸪 1.53 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬୧ᖺࡶ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡣ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡀ↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇẚ࡚᭷ព ከࡃ㸪1.27㹼1.28 ಸ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇẚ࡚᭷ពࡁࡃ㸪 1.20㹼1.28 - 10 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ➨1⾲ ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡢ᭷↓࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢရ㉁ w ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇ ↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇ v ᭷ពᛶ ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ ྜ (%) 2002 2007 36 36 0 0 ** ** z ᯝ⓶Ⰽ 㠀╔Ⰽഃ ╔Ⰽഃ a* ್ 2002 28.2 -8.9 ** b* ್ 2002 2007 35.3 31.8 33.2 30.6 NS * ᯝᐇ㔜 (g) 2002 2007 28.9 40.4 27.9 40.4 NS NS x ᯝᚄᣦᩘy 2002 2007 1.05 1.06 1.06 1.07 NS NS ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ (kg) 2002 2007 1.21 1.94 1.47 2.11 NS NS z ᯝ⓶Ⰽ a* ್ࡣ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡀ╔Ⰽ㒊ࡢ୰ኸࢆ ᐃࡋ㸪↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡀ㉥㐨㒊ࢆ ᐃ ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b* ್ࡣᯝᐇࡢ㠀╔Ⰽഃࡢ㉥㐨㒊ࢆ ᐃ y ⦪ᚄ / ᶓᚄ x ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱࡼࡿ◳ᗘ࡛㸪┤ᚄ5 mmࡢᰕᙧࣉࣛࣥࢪ࣮ࣕࡼࡾ1 mm㺃s-1 ࡛1 mmධࡍࡿࡢ᭱㈇Ⲵ w ᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢ25%௨ୖ╔Ⰽࡋࡓᯝᐇ v NS࠾ࡼࡧ* NS ࠾ࡼࡧ* ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀt ᳨ᐃࡼࡾ㸪᭷ពᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࠾ࡼࡧ5%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪࡀ ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍ (2002ᖺࡣn = 3, 2007ᖺࡣn = 5) 2䠊 䠊 ᯝᐇ䜈䛾⣸እග䛾㐽᩿䛸⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ䛚䜘䜃ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞䠄ヨ㦂 2䠅 ↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇࡣᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢ 2005 ᖺࡀ 36㸣㸪2007 ᖺࡀ 44㸣ࡢ㒊ศ࡛⣚ⰍࡀⓎ⌧ࡋࡓࡀ㸪UV ࢝ࢵࢺᯝᐇࡣࡃⓎ⌧ࡋ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 3 ⾲㸧㸬UV ࢝ࢵࢺᯝᐇࡣ㝧ග㠃ࡢᯝ⓶Ⰽ a *್ࡀ↓ ฎ⌮ᯝᐇẚ࡚᭷ពపࡗࡓ㸬UV ࢝ࢵࢺᯝᐇࡣᯝ⫗୰ࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞ࡀ↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇ ẚ࡚ 2005 ᖺ࡛ࡣ᭷ពከࡃ㸪1.06 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪2007 ᖺ࡛ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗ ࡓ㸬ࣜࣥࢦ㓟㸪⥲᭷ᶵ㓟࠾ࡼࡧࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡣ㸪UV ࢝ࢵࢺᯝᐇ↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇࡢ㛫 ᭷ពᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥྵ㔞࠾ࡅࡿ UV ࢝ࢵࢺࡢᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୍ᐃࡢ ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪UV ࢝ࢵࢺᯝᐇࡀ↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇẚ࡚ 2002 ᖺࡣ᭷ព ከࡃ㸪1.06 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪㏫ 2007 ᖺࡣ᭷ពᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪0.74 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇࡣ ୧ᖺࡶ UV ࢝ࢵࢺᯝᐇẚ࡚࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡀ᭷ពከࡃ㸪1.24 ಸ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᢠ㓟 ⬟ࡀ᭷ពࡁࡃ㸪1.24㹼1.25 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 3䠊ᯝᐇ䜈䛾⣸እ⥺↷ᑕ䛸⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ䛚䜘䜃ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞䠄ヨ㦂 3䠅 UV ↷ᑕᯝᐇࡣᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢ 23㸣ࡢ㒊ศ࡛⣚ⰍࡀⓎ⌧ࡋࡓ㸦➨ 4 ⾲㸧㸬ᯝ⫗୰ࡢ᭷ᶵ㓟㸪 ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡣ UV ↷ᑕᯝᐇ↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇࡢ㛫᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀ ࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬UV ↷ᑕᯝᐇࡢ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ㠃ࡣ㸪↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇẚ࡚ᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ᭷ព ࡁࡃ㸪1.40 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 4䠊ᯝᐇ䜈䛾ග㔞䜢㧗䜑䜛ྛ✀ฎ⌮䛸⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ䛚䜘䜃ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞䠄ヨ㦂 4䠅 㝧ගᯝᐇࡣ୧ᖺࡶ↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇ㸦0㹼5㸣㸧ẚ࡚ᗈࡃ⣚ⰍࡀⓎ⌧ࡋ㸪ᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢ 23㹼 33㸣ࡢ㒊ศ࡛⣚ⰍࡀⓎ⌧ࡋࡓ㸦➨ 5 ⾲㸧㸬ᯝ⫗୰ࡢ᭷ᶵ㓟࠾ࡼࡧ ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥྵ㔞ࡣ㝧ගᯝ - 11 - 12 v ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ ྜ 㸦%㸧 2005 2007 0 0 44 36 ** ** 㝧ග㠃䛾 ᯝ⓶Ⰽ a* ್z 2005 -1.4 35.1 ** ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟 2005 2007 4.76 4.03 4.50 3.80 ** NS ࣜࣥࢦ㓟 2005 2007 1.58 1.55 1.72 1.88 NS NS ⥲㔞 2005 2007 6.33 5.58 6.22 5.67 NS NS ᭷ᶵ㓟 (g䡡100g-1FW)y 2007 0.23 0.31 * 2005 0.85 0.71 * 2005 452 471 NS 2007 159 122 NS ȕ࢝ࣟࢸࣥ (mg䡡100g-1FW) 䝋䝹䝡䝖䞊䝹 (mg䡡100g-1FW) 䝫䝸䝣䜵䝜䞊䝹 2007 104 129 * (mgCE䡡100g-1FW)x ᢠ㓟⬟ 2005 509 630 ** 2007 463 578 * ȝPRO7(䡡100g-1FW)w ᯝ⓶Ⰽ a* ್ࡣ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡀ╔Ⰽ㒊ࡢ୰ኸࢆ ᐃࡋ㸪↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡀ㉥㐨㒊ࢆ ᐃ ⥲㔞ࡣࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ࣜࣥࢦ㓟ࡢྜィ x CEࡣࢡࣟࣟࢤࣥ㓟┦ᙜ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍ w TEࡣĮࢺࢥࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࣝ┦ᙜ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍ v ᶞୖ䛾㝧ගᯝᐇ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈UV䜹䝑䝖ᯝᐇ䛿㏱᫂䛾UV䜹䝑䝖䝣䜱䝹䝮䛷そ䛔䠈↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇ䛿䛭䛾䜎䜎᪥ග䛻䛥䜙䛧䛯 u NS䠈*䛚䜘䜃** NS 䠈*䛚䜘䜃** 䛿䛭䜜䛮䜜t ᳨ᐃ䛻䜘䜚䠈᭷ពᕪ䛜䛺䛔䛣䛸䠈5%Ỉ‽䛷᭷ពᕪ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛚䜘䜃1%Ỉ‽䛷᭷ពᕪ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢♧䛩 (2005ᖺ䛿n = 8䠈2007ᖺ䛿n = 4) y z ⥲㔞 2002 2007 5.74 6.16 5.37 5.88 ** * ➨ 3 ⾲ ᯝᐇࡢ⣸እග㐽᩿ࡀ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 y UV䜹䝑䝖ᯝᐇ ↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇ ᭷ពᛶu ࣜࣥࢦ㓟 2002 2007 1.52 2.02 1.59 1.99 NS NS ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ ȕ࢝ࣟࢸࣥ ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ ᢠ㓟⬟ -1 -1 -1 y -1 x (mg䡡100g FW) (mg䡡100g FW) (mgCE䡡100g FW) ȝPRO7(䡡100g FW) 2002 2002 2007 2002 2007 2007 2002 2007 450 234 0.41 0.26 103 128 416 583 252 152 0.22 0.24 81 100 348 454 NS ** NS NS * ** * * ⥲㔞ࡣࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ࣜࣥࢦ㓟ࡢྜィ CEࡣࢡࣟࣟࢤࣥ㓟┦ᙜ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍ x TEࡣĮࢺࢥࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࣝ┦ᙜ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍ w ᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢ25%௨ୖ╔Ⰽࡋࡓᯝᐇ v NS㸪*࠾ࡼࡧ** NS 㸪*࠾ࡼࡧ** ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀt ᳨ᐃࡼࡾ㸪᭷ពᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪5%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࠾ࡼࡧ1%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪࡀ ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍ (2002ᖺࡣn = 3, 2007ᖺࡣn = 5) z ᭷ពᛶv ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇw ↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇ ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟 2002 2007 4.23 4.14 3.78 3.89 * * ᭷ᶵ㓟 (g㺃100g-1FW)z ➨2⾲ ⾲ ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡢ᭷↓ᯝ⫗ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ - 13 v 2003 2.02 2.08 NS 1.76 1.98 NS 2004 2003 5.46 5.47 NS 5.97 6.15 NS 2004 226 158 * 241 232 NS (mg㺃100g FW) 2003 2004 -1 ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ 0.18 0.18 NS 0.29 0.23 NS 180 157 * -1 y ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ (mg㺃100g FW) (mgCE㺃100g FW) 2003 2004 2004 -1 ȕ࢝ࣟࢸࣥ 175 19 ** 2004 C3G 383 50 ** 2004 C3R 557 69 ** 2004 ⥲㔞 ȝJ㺃100g-1FW)x ࣥࢺࢩࢽࣥ 363 a 285 ab 259 b ᢠ㓟⬟ 381 326 ** 752 607 * ȝPRO7(㺃100g-1FW)w 2003 2004 y ⥲㔞ࡣࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ࣜࣥࢦ㓟ࡢྜィ CEࡣࢡࣟࣟࢤࣥ㓟┦ᙜ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍ x C3G㸪C3R࠾ࡼࡧ⥲㔞ࡣcyanidin-3-glucoside㸪cyanidin-3-rutinoside࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀࡽࡢྜィࢆ♧ࡍ w TEࡣĮࢺࢥࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࣝ┦ᙜ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍ v 㝧ගᯝᐇࡣᯝᐇ࿘㎶ࡢᯞⴥࢆ㝖ࡋ࡚ኴ㝧ග22㹼28᪥㛫ᙜ࡚ࡓ u NS㸪*࠾ࡼࡧ** NS 㸪*࠾ࡼࡧ** ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀt ᳨ᐃࡼࡾ㸪᭷ពᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪5%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࠾ࡼࡧ1%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍ (2003ᖺࡣn = 7-10㸪2004ᖺࡣn = 3) 3.44 4.21 3.39 4.17 NS NS 2003 2004 33 5 ** 2003 2004 23 0 ** ᭷ᶵ㓟 (g㺃100g-1FW)z ⥲㔞 ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟 ࣜࣥࢦ㓟 ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ ྜ 㸦%㸧 ➨ 5 ⾲ ᯝᐇ࿘㎶ࡢᯞⴥ㝖ࡀ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 㝧ගᯝᐇ ↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇ ᭷ពᛶu z ⥲㔞ࡣࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ࣜࣥࢦ㓟ࡢྜィ 94 a 77 a 72 a (mg䡡100g-1FW) (mgCE㺃100g-1FW)y 41 a 38 a 47 a ᢠ㓟⬟ ȝPRO7(㺃100g-1FW)x ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ CEࡣࢡࣟࣟࢤࣥ㓟┦ᙜ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍ x TEࡣĮࢺࢥࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࣝ┦ᙜ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍ w ␗࡞ࡿ➢ྕࡣt ᳨ᐃࡲࡓࡣTukeyࡢ᪉ἲࡼࡾ5%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍ (n = 10) y z UV↷ᑕᯝᐇ ࠉ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ㠃 㠀╔Ⰽ㠃 ↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇ ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ ᭷ᶵ㓟 (g㺃100g-1FW)z ྜ㸦%㸧 ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟 ࣜࣥࢦ㓟 ⥲㔞 23 aw 4.62 a 0.94 a 5.56 a 0.94 a 5.51 a 4.58 a 0b 4.73 a 5.84 a 1.11 a ➨4⾲ ⾲ ᶞୖᯝᐇࡢ UV ↷ᑕฎ⌮ࡀ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ᐇ↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇࡢ㛫᭷ពᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬㝧ගᯝᐇࡣࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡀ↓ฎ⌮ ᯝᐇẚ࡚ 2003 ᖺࡣ᭷ពከࡃ㸪1.43 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬㝧ගᯝᐇࡣ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡀ ↓ฎ⌮ᯝᐇẚ࡚᭷ពከࡃ㸪1.15 ಸ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⥲ࣥࢺࢩࢽࣥ㸦cyanidin-3-glucoside cyanidin-3-rutinoside ࡢྜィ㸧ࡀ᭷ពከࡃ㸪8.09 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬㝧ගᯝᐇࡣᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ↓ฎ ⌮ᯝᐇẚ࡚୧ᖺࡶ᭷ពࡁࡃ㸪1.17 ಸ㹼1.24 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪2 ✀㢮ࡢᑕ࣐ ࣝࢳࢆ 40 ᪥㛫ᶞෙእ࿘ୗᩜタࡋ࡚ࡶ㩭᫂ࡣ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡋ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ᑕ⋡ࡣග㔞Ꮚ㸪⣸ እගࡶ᪥ගࡢ 21㸣௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 6 ⾲㸧㸬 ➨6⾲ ᵝࠎ࡞ᑕ࣐ࣝࢳࡢ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ㸪ග㔞Ꮚ࠾ࡼࡧ⣸እගᑐࡍࡿຠᯝ z ⓑⰍ࣐ࣝࢳ㸦✰࡞ࡋ㸧 㖟Ⰽ࣐ࣝࢳ㸦✰࠶ࡾ㸧 ↓ฎ⌮ ┤ᑕග ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ ྜ (%) 0 0 0 㸫 ග㔞Ꮚ -2 -1 ȝPRO㺃m 㺃s ) 368 ay 328 a 36 b 1738 㸫 ᑕ⋡ (%) 21 19 2 㸫 ⣸እග ᑕ⋡ -2 (W㺃m ) (%) 8.1 a 19 6.3 b 15 1.3 c 3 41.8 㸫 㸫 z ග㔞Ꮚ⣸እගࡣᆅୖ40 cm࡛㸪⣸እගࡣ290㹼390 nmࡢἼ㛗ࢆ ᐃ ᑕ⋡ࡣ㸪ᆅୖ40 cmࡢ್ / ┤ᑕග×100 y ␗࡞ࡿ➢ྕࡣTukeyࡢ᪉ἲࡼࡾ5%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍ (n = 24) ⪃ᐹ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛➹⪅ࡽࡣ㸪࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ᭷ᶵ㓟㸪ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ㸪ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥ㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ ࡞ࡢ᭷ᶵᡂศྵ㔞ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ࡣ㸪ᯝᐇࡢ㛤ⰼᮇ㸪᥇ྲྀᮇ㸪ࡁࡉ࠾ࡼࡧ✭ᚋࡢ⇍ ᗘ㐍⾜ࡼࡾኚືࡍࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2006b㸪2007a㸪2008㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪୍⯡ⓗᯝ ᐇࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡣᅵተ᮲௳㸦ஂಖ⏣࣭ᕤ⸨㸪1992㸧㸪 ᗘ㸦Ɫྡࡽ㸪1979㸹ᒣ⏣ ࡽ㸪1988㸧㸪ྎᮌ㸦ஂಖ⏣ࡽ㸪1993a㸧㸪⎔≧⓶㸦ஂಖ⏣ࡽ㸪1993b㸧㸪ᶞໃ㸦ஂಖ⏣ࡽ㸪 1993c㸧㸪᳜≀࣍ࣝࣔࣥࡢ⏝㸦Kondo and Gemma㸪1993㸹Kondo ࡽ㸪2001㸹ᯇᓥࡽ㸪1989㸧 ࠾ࡼࡧග⎔ቃࡼࡗ࡚ࡁࡃᕥྑࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ከࡃࡢᯝᐇ࡛⣸እගࡀ╔Ⰽ ࡸࣥࢺࢩࢽࣥࡢ⏕ᡂ㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥࡣᙉ ග᮲௳ୗ࡛㧗ࡲࡿࡇࡀ࣍࢘ࣞࣥࢯ࢘㸪ࢧࣛࢲࢼ࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᑠᒣࡽ㸪1999㸧㸬ࡑ ࡇ࡛➹⪅ࡽࡣ͂༡㧗̓ࡢရ✀≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪㝧ගᯝᐇࡀ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡍࡿ≉ᚩ╔┠ࡋ࡚㸪⣚ Ⰽ╔Ⰽ㸪᭷ᶵᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ᑐࡍࡿග⎔ቃࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬 ᮏヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ㸪ᗈࡃ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡋࡓᯝᐇࡣ㸪⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᯝᐇẚ࡚㸪ᯝ⫗ 㸦ᯝ⓶ࢆྵࡴ㸧ࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟㸪ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡀከࡃ㸪ᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ ࡁ࠸ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬✭๓ 3 㐌㛫⛬ᗘᯝᐇࡢ⣸እ⥺ࢆ㐽᩿ࡍࡿ㸪⣚ⰍⓎ⌧㸪࣏ࣜ ࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞㸪ᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ᭷ពపୗࡍࡿࡇࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᯝᐇ ࡢ㐽ගฎ⌮ࡼࡾ㸪ࣜࣥࢦᯝᐇ୰ࡢࣥࢺࢩࢽࣥ⃰ᗘࡀపୗࡍࡿࡇ㸦Awad ࡽ, 2000㸹 㰻⸨㸪1995㸧㸪ࣞࣔࣥ࠾ࡼࡧࣜࣥࢦᯝ⓶ࡢᢠ㓟⬟ࡀపୗࡍࡿࡇ㸦Kondo ࡽ㸪2003㸧ࡀ - 14 ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᙉගࡀ࣐ࣥࢦ࣮ᯝᐇࡢ⣚ⰍⓎ⌧ࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿࡇ㸦బࠎᮌ࣭Ᏹ㒔 ᐑ㸪2002㸧㸪ගࡀࢼࢫࡢࣥࢺࢩࢽࣥ⏕ᡂྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ㸦ᯇῧࡽ㸪1999㸧ࡀሗ࿌ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ㸪⣸እගࡀᯝᐇࡢࣥࢺࢩࢽࣥ⏕ᡂ㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ ࣜࣥࢦ㸦Arakawa㸪1988㸹Ⲩᕝ㸪2000㸹ஂಖࡽ㸪1988㸧㸪࢜࢘ࢺ࢘㸦Arakawa㸪1993㸹Kataoka ࡽ㸪1996㸧㸪ࣔࣔ㸦Kataoka and Beppu, 2004㸧㸪ࣈࢻ࢘㸦Kataoka ࡽ㸪2003㸹ஂಖ⏣࣭ᅵᒇ㸪 2001㸧࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬UV-B ↷ᑕࡀ✭ᚋᯝᐇࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡸ 㸦Lancaster ࡽ㸪2000㸧㸪✭ᚋࡢࢳࢦᯝᐇࡢ UV-C ࡢ↷ᑕࡀ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡸᢠ 㓟άᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ㸦Erkan, 2008㸧ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏヨ㦂ࡢ࣓࡛࢘ࡢ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚ ࡶ㸪ࡇࢀࡽሗ࿌ྠᵝ㸪⣸እගࡀᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢ⣚ⰍⓎ⌧㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟 ⬟ࡁࡃ㛵ࡍࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡣᮏヨ㦂࠾࠸࡚㸪᭷ᐖ࡞⣸እගࡽ⤌⧊ ࢆಖㆤࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆࡶࡘࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣄࢻࣟ࢟ࢩ᱇⓶㓟㢮ࡢྵ㔞ࢆㄪᰝࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࡀ㸪ࣄࢻࣟ࢟ࢩ᱇⓶㓟㢮ࡣ┤ᑕගࡼࡗ࡚㧗ࡲࡿࡇࡀ㸪ࣅ࣮ࣝ࣋ࣜࡢⴥ㸦Jaakola ࡽ㸪 2004㸧㸪ࢧࢶ࣐ࣔࡢⴥ 㸦Islam ࡽ㸪2003㸧㸪ࣜࣥࢦ㸦Rudell and Mattheis㸪2002㸧࡛ሗ࿌ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᑿᓮࡽ㸦2009㸧ࡣ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇࡢ࡞࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝᡂศࡣࣄࢻࣟ࢟ࢩ ᱇⓶㓟㢮ࡑࡢㄏᑟయ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢሗ࿌ࡢࡼ࠺⣸እග ࡼࡗ࡚ࣄࢻࣟ࢟ࢩ᱇⓶㓟㢮ࡢྵ㔞ࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ᯝ⓶ࡢ╔Ⰽࡣ㧗 ࡼ ࡗ࡚ࡶᢚไࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸦Ɫྡࡽ㸪1979㸹Yamane and Shibayama㸪2006㸧㸪➹⪅ࡽࡣ UV ࢝ࢵ ࢺࣇ࣒࡛ࣝそࡗࡓᯝᐇࣅࢽ࣮ࣝ⿄㸦UV ㏱㐣㸧࡛そࡗࡓᯝᐇ࡛㸪ᯝᐇ⾲㠃 ᗘ㐪࠸ ࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪ᚋ⪅ࡣ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡋࡓࡇࡽ㸪⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡢῶᑡࡣ ᗘୖ᪼ࡼࡿࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ ࠸㸬 ᮏヨ㦂࡛㸪Ⓨ⫱ึᮇࡽ᪥ගࡀᙜࡓࡗࡓ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡣࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟࠾ࡼࡧ⥲᭷ᶵ㓟ྵ㔞ࡀ ↓╔Ⰽᯝᐇẚ࡚ከ࠸ࡀ㸪ࡁࡉ㸪ᯝᙧᣦᩘ㸪◳ᗘ㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠸ࡗࡓ⇍ᗘᣦᶆࡸࣜ ࣥࢦ㓟ྵ㔞ᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡣᡂ⇍ࡶ㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞ࡀቑຍഴྥࢆ ♧ࡋ㸪ࣜࣥࢦ㓟ྵ㔞ࡀῶᑡഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ㸦ᇉෆࡽ㸪1985㸹Ụࡽ㸪2006b㸧㸪ྠࡌ✭ᮇ࡛ ࡣࡁ࠸ᯝᐇࡼࡾከࡃࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟࠾ࡼࡧࣜࣥࢦ㓟ࢆྵ᭷ࡍࡿ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2006b㸧㸬ࡼࡗ ࡚㸪Ⓨ⫱ึᮇࡽ᪥ගࡀᙜࡓࡗࡓ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡣ㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟࠾ࡼࡧ⥲᭷ᶵ㓟ྵ㔞ࡀ㇏ᐩ࡛ ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡢせᅉࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᯝᐇ⮬యගྜᡂ⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡣ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ 㸦ᯇ㸪1989㸧㸪ᯝᐇ᪥ගࡀᙜࡓࡿࡇ࡛ⅣỈ≀ྵ㔞ࡀቑຍࡋࡓࡓࡵ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ࡋࡋ㸪ᯝᐇ࿘㎶ࡢᯞⴥ㝖ฎ⌮ࡼࡗ࡚✭๓ 3㹼4 㐌㛫ࡢࡳ᪥ගࢆᙜ࡚ࡓ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇ ࡣ㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟࠾ࡼࡧ⥲᭷ᶵ㓟ྵ㔞ࡢቑຍࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞ࡢቑຍࡣ㸪 ✭๓ 4 㐌㛫ࡼࡾ㛗ᮇࡢ᪥ගࡀᚲせ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪UV ࢝ࢵࢺࣇ࣒ࣝࢆ⿕そࡋ ࡓᯝᐇࡣ㸪2005 ᖺࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟࠾ࡼࡧ ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥྵ㔞ࡀ⿕そࡋ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶከࡗࡓ㸬ࡇ ࡢ⌮⏤ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟࠾ࡼࡧ ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥྵ㔞ࡣᡂ⇍ࡶቑຍࡋ㸪࣓࢘ࡣ㧗 ᯝᐇࡀ᪩ࡃᡂ⇍ࡍࡿࡇࡽ㸦Suzuki ࡽ㸪1995㸧㸪UV ࢝ࢵࢺࣇ࣒ࣝࡢ⿕そࡼࡿ ᗘୖ᪼ࡀ㸪⇍ᗘ㐍⾜ࢆ᪩ࡵࡓࡇࡼࡿ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ḟ㸪ࡢᯝᶞ࡛╔Ⰽࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵᢏ⾡ᑟධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ἲࡀ࣓࢘ࡢ╔Ⰽ᭷ຠ - 15 ࠺ࢆㄪࡓ㸬ᯝᐇࢆ╔ⰍࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵேⅭⓗගࢆᙜ࡚ࡿ᱂ᇵ⟶⌮ࡣᗈࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡋ࡚㸪ᑕ࣐ࣝࢳࢆᩜタࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡀ࣑࢝ࣥ㸪࢝࢟㸪ࣔࣔ㸪࢜࢘ࢺ࢘㸪ࢳ ࢪࢡ➼࡛㸪ⴥฎ⌮ࡀࣜࣥࢦ㸦ሙࡽ㸪1996㸧㸪࢜࢘ࢺ࢘㸪࢝࢟➼࡛ᗈࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࣜࣥࢦ࡛ࡣ㸪ᑕ࣐ࣝࢳᩜタࡼࡾせ࡞ࣇࣛ࣎ࣀࢻࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 㸦Jakopiþ㸪2010㸧㸬ᮏヨ㦂࠾࠸࡚㸪ᯝᐇࡢගࢆ㐽ࡿⴥࢆᯞࡈ㝖ࡋ࡚┤᥋᪥ගࢆᙜ ࡚ࡓࡇࢁ㸪⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ⛬ᗘ㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࡇࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ ࡓ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪ᶞෙእ࿘ୗࡢᑕ࣐ࣝࢳᩜタࡼࡾ 40 ᪥㛫ᑕගࢆᙜ࡚࡚ࡶ㸪͂༡㧗̓ᯝ ᐇࡢ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ᭷ຠ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇࡢ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ⛬ᗘࡢቑࡣ㸪 ᑕ࣐ࣝࢳࡼࡾᚓࡽࢀࡿ᪥ග࠾ࡼࡧ⣸እ⥺㔞㸦┤ᑕගࡢ 21㸣௨ୗ㸧࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿุ ᩿ࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽ㸪㩭᫂ᗈࡃ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡋࡓᯝᐇࡣ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡀከࡃ㸪ᢠ㓟⬟ ࡀࡁ࠸ࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇࡢ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡸ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡢቑຍ ࡣ⣸እගࡀ㔜せ࡞ാࡁࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ᚋࡣ㸪⣸እගࡼࡾቑຍࡍࡿ࣏ ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝᡂศࡢ≉ᐃࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ➨䠎⠇㻌 ╔ᯝ⨨䛾㐪䛔䛜䜴䝯䇺༡㧗䇻ᯝᐇ䛾ᡂ⇍䛚䜘䜃ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪 ⥴ゝ ➹⪅ࡽࡣ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࢆᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ㔞ࡢከ࠸≧ែ࡛✭ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࡢ౯್ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡘ ࡞ࡀࡿ⪃࠼㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡢ୰࡛㸪✭ᮇࡸᯝᐇࡢࡁࡉࡀᯝᐇ࠾ࡼࡧᱵ㓇ຍᕤရ ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2006b㸧㸬୍᪉㸪ྠ୍ᶞ ࡢྠ᪥᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇ࡛ࡶ㸪ᶞෙࡢእᒙෆᒙ࡛ࡣࡁࡉࡸⰍ࡞ࡢእほࡀࡁࡃ␗࡞ ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪⏘ᆅ࡛ࡣᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜࡸⰍࡘࡸࢆ┠ど࡛ホ౯ࡋ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢ ᯝᐇࡢ✭㛤ጞᮇࢆᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶ 7 ᪥⛬ᗘ㐜ࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㇂ཱྀ㸪1998㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪 ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇẚ࡚᪩ࡃ⇍ⴠᯝࡍࡿࡇࡽࡶ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇ ࡢ࠺ࡀᡂ⇍ࡣ᪩࠸᥎ᐹࡉࢀ㸪ᶞෙࡢෆእ࡛✭ᮇࢆࡎࡽࡍࡇࡣ㐺ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪✭ᮇࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡿࡇࡀᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢရ㉁ࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ ࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽ㄪࡓሗ࿌ࡣࡳ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢᡂ⇍ᮇࡸᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟 ⬟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬 ᮦᩱ䛚䜘䜃᪉ἲ 2007㹼2010 ᖺ㸪ḷᒣ┴࠺ࡵ◊✲ᡤ᳜᱂ࡢ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᡂᮌ 3 ᶞࢆ⏝࠸㸪㧗ࡉ 50 㹼150 cm ╔⏕ࡋࡓᯝᐇࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᶞෙ୰ኸࡼࡾእഃ㸦ᶞෙእᒙ㸧ෆഃ㸦ᶞෙෆᒙ㸧 ༊ศࡋ࡚㸪௨ୗ♧ࡍᣦᶆᚑࡗ࡚᥇ྲྀᮇࢆタᐃࡋࡓ㸬ᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜࡀ⣙ - 16 30㸣㐩ࡍࡿࡇࡀ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢ 1 ࡘࡢᣦᶆࡉࢀ㸪ẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜ㸦㸣㸧ࢆ 5㸣༢࡛ ㄪᰝࡋ࡚㸪5 ࡘࡢ᥇ྲྀᮇࢆ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺タᐃࡋࡓ㸬ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜࡀ ⣙ 20㸣࡞ࡗࡓ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞࡢ┤๓ࢆϨᮇ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࢆϩᮇ㸪ᶞ ෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࢆϫᮇ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀࡸࡸ㯤Ⰽࡳࢆᖏࡧጞࡵࡿ㟷ᯝ ✭⤊ᮇ㸦ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ࡀ 38 ௨ୖ㐩ࡋࡓᮇ㸧ࢆϬᮇࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪2008 ᖺࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪ϩᮇ ϫᮇࡢ㛫Ϫᮇࢆタࡅࡓ㸬ྛ᥇ྲྀᮇ㸪୧╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ┤ᑕ᪥ගࡢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ᯝᐇࢆྛ ᶞ 10 ᯝ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸬᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇࡣ㸪ẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜ㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ㸦L *㸪b *್㸧㸪ᯝᐇ㔜࠾ࡼࡧ ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱࡼࡿᯝᐇ◳ᗘࢆᮏ❶➨ 1 ⠇ྠᵝㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ྛᶞࡶ 10 ᯝࡽࡰᆒ➼ ྜィ 10 g ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ᯝ⓶ࢆྵࡴᯝ⫗ࢆ㞟ࡵ㸪-28°C ࡢࣇ࣮ࣜࢨ࣮୰ಖᏑࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢᚋ㸪 ᯝ⫗ࡢ᭷ᶵ㓟࠾ࡼࡧ ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥྵ㔞ࡣ HPLC ࡛㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡣ Folin-Ciocalteu ἲ ࡛㸪ᢠ㓟⬟㸦ࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࢪ࢝ࣝᾘཤ⬟㸧ࡣ DPPH ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓẚⰍἲ࡛ᮏ❶➨ 1 ⠇ྠᵝ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ᯝ⫗ࡢࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡣ Shim-pack SCR-101C ࣒࢝ࣛ㸦300 ×7.9 mm, ᓥὠ〇స ᡤ㸧 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪࣒࢝ࣛ ᗘ 80°C ࡛ศᯒࡋࡓ㸬⛣ື┦ࡣỈ㸪ᛂᾮࡣ 20 mM ࢱ࢘ࣟࢩ ࣑ ࣥ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ 1 mM 㐣 ࣚ ࢘ ⣲ 㓟 ࢼ ࢺ ࣜ ࢘ ࣒ ࢆ ྵ ࡴ 100 mM ᅄ ࠺ 㓟 ࢼ ࢺ ࣜ ࢘ ࣒ Ỉ ⁐ ᾮ 㸦pH10.5㸧࡛ὶ㏿ 1 mL㺃min -1 ࡋ㸪ศග⺯ග᳨ฟჾ㸦RF-10A, ᓥὠ〇సᡤ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ບ㉳ Ἴ 㛗 320 nm 㸪 ᐃ Ἴ 㛗 450 nm ࡛ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࢫ ࢡ ࣟ ࣮ ࢫ ࢢ ࣝ ࢥ ࣮ ࢫ ࡣ 㸪 Shodex SUGAR-KS801 ࣒࢝ࣛ㸦300 ×8.0 mm㸪㟁ᕤ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪࣒࢝ࣛ ᗘ 60°C ࡛ศᯒࡋࡓ㸬 ⛣ື┦ࡣỈ࡛ὶ㏿ 1 mL㺃min -1 ࡋ㸪♧၀ᒅᢡ᳨ฟჾ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪2010 ᖺࡣ㸪Ϩᮇࡢ๓᪥࠶ࡓࡾ㸪ᬕኳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ 6 ᭶ 3 ᪥㸪ᶞෙࡢእᒙෆᒙ ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀ 10 ᯝࡢཷග㔞⾲㠃 ᗘࢆ㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ᯝᐇࡢཷග㔞ࡣ㸪ග㔞Ꮚ ィ㸦LI-250A㸪LI-COR㸧ࢆኴ㝧᪉ྥྥࡅ࡚ග㔞Ꮚ᮰ᐦᗘࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ᯝᐇࡢ⾲㠃 ᗘࡣ㸪 ᨺᑕ ᗘィ㸦IT340㸪ᇼሙ〇సᡤ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᯝᐇࡢኴ㝧ග↷ᑕ㠃ࡢ ᗘ㸦ᯝᐇ⾲㠃 ᗘ㸧ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ ᐃࡣ㸪ᮅ㸦9㹼10 㸧㸪㸦13㹼14 㸧࠾ࡼࡧኤ᪉㸦15㹼16 㸧⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 ⤖ ᯝ 2007㹼2010 ᖺࡢ 4 ᖺ㛫ㄪᰝࡋࡓࡀ㸪⤒ⓗኚࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡰྠᵝࡢഴྥࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡓࡵ㸪 ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᖺࡋ࡚ 2009 ࡲࡓࡣ 2010 ᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡳࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ✭㛤ጞᣦᶆࡢ 1 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜࡀ 30㸣⛬ᗘ࡞ࡿᮇࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ ࡇࢁ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶ 4㹼10 ᪥㸦ᖹᆒ 7 ᪥㸧㐜ࢀ࡛㸪2009 ᖺࡣ 6 ᪥㐜ࢀࡓ㸦➨ 1 ᅗ㸧㸬ᯝᐇ㔜㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽࡢ᫂ࡿࡉࢆ⾲ࡍ L *್࠾ࡼࡧᯝ⓶Ⰽࡢ㯤Ⰽࡳࢆ⾲ࡍ b *್ࡣ㸪ྛᖺࡶ᥇ྲྀᮇࡀ㐍ࡴࡘࢀ࡚ቑຍࡍࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀᶞෙෆ ᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡣ᥇ྲྀᮇࡀ㐍ࡴࡘࢀ࡚ῶᑡࡍࡿഴ ྥࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇẚ࡚ᖖపࡗࡓ㸬 ୧╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ✭㛤ጞᮇ㸦ᶞෙእᒙࡣϩᮇ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡣϫᮇ㸧ࡢᯝᐇ㛫࡛ࡇࢀࡽࡢᙧ㉁ - 17 ẟࡌᢤࡅලྜ㸦㸣㸧 100 ᶞෙእᒙ 80 ᶞෙෆᒙ 60 40 *** *** *** *** *** 20 0 35 *** ** 30 25 *** 60 *** ᯝ⓶ⰍL* ್ ᯝᐇ㔜㸦g㸧 40 *** 58 *** 56 20 54 15 52 40 36 *** *** *** ** 32 2.0 *** *** 2.5 ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ㸦kg㸧 ** ᯝ⓶Ⰽb* ್ *** *** * *** *** *** 1.5 *** 1.0 0.5 0.0 28 Ϩᮇ ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ ϫᮇ Ϭᮇ Ϩᮇ ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ ϫᮇ Ϭᮇ ᥇ྲྀᮇ᥇ྲྀᮇ ➨ 1 ᅗ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ࡢ╔ᯝ⨨ูࡳࡓᯝᐇᙧ㉁ࡢኚ㸦2009 ᖺ㸧 ᶞෙእᒙᯝᐇࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞ┤๓ࡢᮇ㸦Ϩᮇ㸧ࡽ㸪㟷ᯝ✭⤊ᮇ㸦Ϭᮇ㸧ࡲ࡛ᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋ㸪ᶞ ෙእᒙᯝᐇࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࢆϩᮇ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙᯝᐇࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࢆϫᮇࡋ㸪ϩᮇϫᮇࡢ㛫 1 ᅇᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋ࡚Ϫᮇࡋ࡚㸪ྛᮇᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ ẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜࡢᅗࡢ▮༳ࡣ㸪㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢᇶ‽࡞ࡿẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜࡀ 30㸣ࡢ⨨ࢆ♧ࡍ Ϩ㸪ϩ㸪Ϫ㸪ϫ࠾ࡼࡧϬᮇࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪6 ᭶ 7 ᪥㸪10 ᪥㸪13 ᪥㸪16 ᪥࠾ࡼࡧ 19 ᪥ ྛᶞࡢ 50㹼150 cm ࡢ㧗ࡉ╔⏕ࡋࡓᯝᐇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᶞෙ୰ኸࡼࡾእഃࡢࡶࡢࢆᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇ㸪ᶞෙ୰ ኸࡼࡾෆഃࡢࡶࡢࢆᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡋࡓ *㸪**㸪***ࡣ t ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚ 5㸪1 ࡲࡓࡣ 0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ ⦪Წࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍ㸦n = 30㸧 ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡣ㸪ᐃ῝ᗘ ᐃࡼࡿ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್㸦ࣉࣛࣥࢪ࣮ࣕ┤ᚄ 5 mm㸪ධ 1 mm㸧 - 18 ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ᯝᐇ㔜㸪L *್㸪b *್࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡣᖺḟ୍ᐃࡢഴྥࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ ࡎ㸪୧⪅ࡢ㛫ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 7 ⾲㸧㸬 ➨7⾲ ᖺḟ 2007 2008 2009 2010 ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓࠾ࡅࡿ╔ᯝ⨨ูࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ࡢᯝᐇᙧ㉁ࡢẚ㍑ ࣓࢘ ༡㧗 ࠾ࡅࡿ╔ᯝ⨨ูࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ࡢᯝᐇᙧ㉁ࡢẚ㍑ z y እᒙ 36.2 41.5 28.6 36.6 ᯝᐇ㔜(g) ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶx 39.7 ** 38.9 ** 26.8 NS 36.4 NS ᯝ⓶Ⰽ L*್ እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ 53.2 54.7 ** 58.7 57.1 * 56.4 55.9 NS 58.3 58.7 NS ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b*್ እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ 29.5 30.9 *** 31.9 32.1 *** 32.8 31.6 ** 32.8 32.5 NS z እᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϩᮇ㸪ෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϫᮇ᥇ྲྀ y እᒙࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇ㸪ෆᒙࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨1ᅗཧ↷ x *㸪**㸪***ࡣ㸪t ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚5㸪1ࡲࡓࡣ0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NSࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ(kg) እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ 2.70 1.83 *** 1.95 2.01 NS 1.66 1.69 NS 1.84 1.70 NS ᯝ⫗㸦ᯝ⓶ࢆྵࡴ㸧ࡢ᭷ᶵ㓟࠾ࡼࡧ⢾ྵ㔞ࡘ࠸࡚ࡳࡿ㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞ࡣྛᖺࡶ᥇ ྲྀᮇࡀ㐍ࡴࡘࢀ࡚ቑຍࡍࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶᖖ ከࡗࡓ㸦➨ 2 ᅗ㸧㸬୍᪉㸪ࣜࣥࢦ㓟ྵ㔞ࡣ᥇ྲྀᮇࡀ㐍ࡴࡘࢀ࡚ῶᑡࡍࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ ࡓࡀ㸪ᶞෙࡢእᒙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇ㛫ࡁ࡞ᕪࡀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ࠾ࡼࡧࢫࢡ࣮ࣟࢫ ྵ㔞ࡣ㸪᥇ྲྀᮇࡀ㐍ࡴࡘࢀ࡚ቑຍࡍࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇ ࡼࡾࡶከ࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫࡣ࠶ࡲࡾቑῶࡏࡎ㸪ᶞෙࡢእᒙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇ㛫 ࡁ࡞ᕪࡀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ㸪ࢫࢡ࣮ࣟࢫ࠾ࡼࡧࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫࡢ⥲㸦௨ୗ⢾ྵ㔞㸧 ࡣ㸪᥇ྲྀᮇࡀ㐍ࡴࡘࢀ࡚ቑຍࡍࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾ ࡶᖖከࡗࡓ㸬 ୧╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢᯝᐇ㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟㸪ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ㸪ࢫࢡࣟ ࣮ࢫ࠾ࡼࡧࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫྵ㔞୪ࡧ⢾ྵ㔞ࡣ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡁ࡞ ᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࣜࣥࢦ㓟ྵ㔞ࡣ 2008 ᖺࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇ ࡼࡾࡶከࡗࡓ㸦➨ 8 ⾲㸧㸬ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥྵ㔞ࡣ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀϫᮇ๓ᚋࡽቑຍࡍࡿ ഴྥࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢᑐࡋ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϬᮇࡲ࡛ࢇቑຍࡋ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 3 ᅗ㸧㸬 ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡣ㸪ྛᖺࡶ᥇ྲྀᮇࡀ㐍ࡴࡘࢀ࡚ῶᑡࡍࡿഴྥ࡛ ᥎⛣ࡋ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀᕪࡀ࡞ࡃ᥎⛣ࡋࡓ㸬 ୧╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢᯝᐇ㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥྵ㔞ࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇ ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ᢠ㓟⬟ࡣ㸪ᶞෙእᒙ ࡢᯝᐇࡀෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶࡁ࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 9 ⾲㸧㸬 ᯝᐇࡢᡂ⇍㛵ಀࡍࡿཷග㔞ᯝᐇ ᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇ ẚ࡚㸪Ϩᮇ࠾ࡅࡿཷග㔞ࡀ 1.7㹼1.8 ಸ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᯝᐇࡢ⾲㠃 ᗘࡀ 0.8㹼1.4°C 㧗ࡗ ࡓ㸦➨ 10 ⾲㸧㸬 - 19 * 5.0 NS * * ** 4.0 2.5 NS NS 2.0 NS NS *** 1.5 0.3 NS * ** ** 0.1 0.0 ࢫࢡ࣮ࣟࢫ㸦g㺃100g-1 FW㸧 * 1.0 3.0 0.4 0.2 ࣜࣥࢦ㓟㸦g㺃100g-1 FW㸧 6.0 1.5 * ** 1.0 ** 0.5 * *** 0.0 0.3 ** 0.2 * NS NS * 0.1 ⢾ྵ㔞㸦g㺃100g-1 FW㸧 ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ㸦g㺃100g-1 FW㸧 ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟㸦g㺃100g-1 FW㸧 ࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫ㸦g㺃100g-1 FW㸧 ᶞෙእᒙ ᶞෙෆᒙ 0.0 ** 1.5 1.0 ** * ** *** 0.5 0.0 Ϩᮇ ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ ϫᮇ Ϭᮇ Ϩᮇ ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ ϫᮇ Ϭᮇ 2.0 ᥇ྲྀᮇ ᥇ྲྀᮇ ➨2ᅗ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ࡢ╔ᯝ⨨ูࡳࡓ᭷ᶵ㓟࠾ࡼࡧ⢾ྵ㔞ࡢኚ㸦2010 ᖺ㸧 ᥇ྲྀᮇ㸪ᶞෙእᒙ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨ 1 ᅗཧ↷ Ϩ㸪ϩ㸪Ϫ㸪ϫ࠾ࡼࡧϬᮇࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪6 ᭶ 4 ᪥㸪10 ᪥㸪13 ᪥㸪16 ᪥࠾ࡼࡧ 19 ᪥ *㸪**㸪***ࡣ t ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚ 5㸪1 ࡲࡓࡣ 0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NS ࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ ⦪Წࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍ㸦n = 3㸧 ⢾ྵ㔞ࡣࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ㸪ࢫࢡ࣮ࣟࢫ࠾ࡼࡧࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫࡢྜィ - 20 - 21 x y z 䝸䞁䝂㓟 䝋䝹䝡䝖䞊䝹 䝇䜽䝻䞊䝇 䜾䝹䝁䞊䝇 ⢾ྵ㔞 (g㺃100g-1FW) (g㺃100g-1FW) (g㺃100g-1FW) (g㺃100g-1FW) (g㺃100g-1FW) እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ 0.54 0.94 ** 1.70 1.48 *** 0.11 0.13 *** 0.31 0.71 NS 0.11 0.09 NS 1.98 1.87 0.08 0.11 0.58 0.76 0.05 0.11 0.71 0.98 NS NS NS NS NS 2.33 1.73 0.24 0.09 0.80 0.49 0.07 0.06 1.11 0.64 *** * *** * * 1.83 1.67 * 0.18 0.18 NS 0.59 0.63 * 0.16 0.15 NS 0.93 0.96 NS *㸪**㸪***ࡣ㸪t ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚5㸪1ࡲࡓࡣ0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NSࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ እᒙࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇ㸪ෆᒙࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨1ᅗཧ↷ እᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϩᮇ㸪ෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϫᮇ᥇ྲྀ ᖺḟ 2007 2008 2009 2010 䜽䜶䞁㓟 (g㺃100g-1FW) እᒙy ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶx 3.22 3.69 *** 4.14 4.13 NS 4.57 3.95 * 4.69 4.62 NS ➨8⾲ ⾲ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓࠾ࡅࡿ╔ᯝ⨨ูࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ࡢ᭷ᶵ㓟࠾ࡼࡧ⢾ྵ㔞ࡢẚ㍑ z 0.7 ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥ 㸦mg㺃100g-1 FW㸧 NS 0.5 0.4 ** NS 0.6 NS NS 0.3 0.2 ᶞෙእᒙ ᶞෙෆᒙ 0.1 ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ 㸦mgCE㺃100g-1 FW㸧 120 NS NS NS 100 NS NS 80 ᢠ㓟⬟ 㸦ȝPRO7(㺃100g-1 FW㸧 0.0 600 NS NS * 500 NS NS 400 300 60 Ϩᮇ ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ ϫᮇ Ϭᮇ Ϩᮇ ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ ϫᮇ Ϭᮇ ᥇ྲྀᮇ ᥇ྲྀᮇ ➨ 3 ᅗ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ࡢ╔ᯝ⨨ูࡳࡓ ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸ࣏ࣥࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞 ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡢኚ㸦2009 ᖺ㸧 ᥇ྲྀᮇ㸪ᶞෙእᒙ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨ 1 ᅗཧ↷ *㸪**ࡣ㸪t ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚ 5 ࡲࡓࡣ 1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NS ࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ ⦪Წࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍ㸦n = 3㸧 CE ࡣࢡࣟࣟࢤࣥ㓟┦ᙜ㔞㸪TE ࡣ Į-ࢺࢥࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࣝ┦ᙜ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍ ➨ 9 ⾲ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓࠾ࡅࡿ╔ᯝ⨨ูࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧ ᢠ㓟⬟ࡢẚ㍑ z ȕ䜹䝻䝔䞁 (mg㺃100g-1FW) ᖺḟ 2007 2008 2009 2010 እᒙ㹷 0.23 0.18 0.30 0.13 䝫䝸䝣䜵䝜䞊䝹 (mgCE㺃100g-1FW)w ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶx 0.20 0.15 0.25 0.12 NS NS NS NS እᒙ 122 82 93 99 ᢠ㓟⬟ ȝPRO7(㺃100g ȝPRO7(㺃100g-1FW)w ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ 88 74 85 73 *** 578 382 474 433 403 351 370 324 *** NS NS * z እᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϩᮇ㸪ෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϫᮇ᥇ྲྀ y እᒙࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇ㸪ෆᒙࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨1ᅗཧ↷ x *㸪***ࡣ㸪t ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚5ࡲࡓࡣ0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NSࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ w CEࡣࢡࣟࣟࢤࣥ㓟┦ᙜ㔞㸪TEࡣĮࢺࢥࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࣝ┦ᙜ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍ - 22 NS NS * ➨ 10 ⾲ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓౪ヨᶞ࠾ࡅࡿ╔ᯝ⨨ูࡢᯝ⓶ࡢཷග㔞࠾ࡼࡧ ⾲㠃 ᗘࡢ㐪࠸ z -2 -1 ග㔞Ꮚ᮰ᐦᗘ㸦ȝPRO㺃m 㺃s 㸧 y ╔ᯝ⨨ እᒙ ෆᒙ v ᭷ពᛶ x ᮅ 43 24 * 55 33 * w ኤ᪉ 40 24 *** ᯝᐇ⾲㠃 ᗘ㸦Υ㸧 ᮅ ኤ᪉ 26.8 27.5 27.2 26.7 25.8 26.0 * * *** z 2010ᖺ6᭶3᪥㸦ᬕኳ᪥㸧 ᐃ y ග㔞Ꮚ᮰ᐦᗘࡣ㸪ኴ㝧ࡢ⨨ࡍࡿ᪉ྥࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࢆྥࡅ࡚ ᐃ ᯝᐇ⾲㠃 ᗘࡣ㸪ኴ㝧ග↷ᑕ㠃ࡢ ᗘࢆ ᐃ㸦n = 30㸧 x ᮅࡣ9:00㹼10:00㸪ࡣ13:00㹼14:00㸪ኤ᪉ࡣ15:00㹼16:00 w እᒙࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇ㸪ෆᒙࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨1ᅗཧ↷ v *㸪***ࡣ㸪t ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚5ࡲࡓࡣ0.1%Ỉ‽࡛╔ᯝ⨨㛫᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ ⪃ ᐹ ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᯝᶞ࡛ࡣ㸪⢾ᗘࡸ㓟ᗘ࡞㣗ୖ㔜どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㡯┠㸪╔Ⰽ⛬ᗘ㸪◳ࡉ࡞ ᇶ࡙࠸࡚✭ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦す࣭┿Ꮚ㸪2010㸧㸪࣓࢘ࡣ⏕ᯝࢆ㣗ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪㟷ᯝ ࡋ࡚ὶ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᯝᐇࡢ✭ᇶ‽ࡣ㸪ẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜ㸪ᯝ⓶ࡢⰍࡘࡸ࡞ࡢእほࢆ┠ど ุ࡛᩿ࡋ࡚ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ✭ࡋࡓᚋ㸪⣙ 1 㐌㛫ࡎࡽࡋ࡚ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ✭ࡋጞࡵ ࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ╔ᯝ⨨ᡂ⇍ᮇ࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇရ㉁ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヲ⣽࡞ሗ ࿌ࡣࡳ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪ᮏヨ㦂࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡼ࠺ࡋࡓ㸬 ㄪᰝࡋࡓ 4 ᖺ㛫ࡶ㸪ẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜࡼࡾᶞෙࡢእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡞ࡗࡓ ᮇ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᶞෙࡢෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜࡀ 30㸣㐩ࡏࡎ㸪ᯝᐇ㔜ࡀᑠࡉࡃ㸪 ᯝ⓶Ⰽࡶຎࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜࡀ 30㸣㐩ࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪እᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀ 30 㸣㐩ࡋࡓ⣙ 7 ᪥ᚋ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡘ࠸࡚㸪ẟࡌࡢ 㞳⬺ࡣูࡢ✭ᇶ‽࡛࠶ࡿⰍࡘࡸ࠾ࡼࡧࡢ⏕ᯝရ㉁ࢆ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡇ ࢁ㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ L *್࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿ᫂ࡿࡉ㸪b *್࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿ㯤Ⰽࡳ㸪ᯝᐇ㔜࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡣྠ⛬ ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪✭ᮇࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡿࡇ࡛ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇရ㉁ࢆᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇྠ⛬ᗘࡲ ࡛㧗ࡵࡽࢀࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇࡣ㸪ෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ 1 㐌㛫⛬ᗘ㐜ࡽࡏ࡚ϫ㹼Ϭᮇ ୍ᩧ✭ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ័⾜ࡢ✭ἲࡀ㐺ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ㸪୍⯡ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺㸪 ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣእᒙࡢᯝᐇẚ࡚ᡂ⇍ᮇࡀ㐜࠸ࡇࡶ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢⓎ⫱ࡣ㸪 ᯝᐇ ᗘࡀ㧗࠸᪩ࡲࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸦Suzuki ࡽ㸪1995㸧㸪╔ᯝ⨨ูᯝᐇ ࡢ⾲㠃 ᗘࢆᬕኳ᪥ㄪᰝࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪✭㛤ጞ┤๓ࡢᶞෙእᒙࡢཷග㔞ࡣ㸪ෆᒙࡢ 1.7 㹼1.8 ಸ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀకࡗ࡚㸪ᯝᐇࡢ⾲㠃 ᗘࡀ 1 ᪥ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ 0.8㹼1.4°C 㧗࠸࠸࠺ࡼ ࠺㸪ᶞෙࡢෆᒙእᒙࡢ㛫࡛ᯝᐇ ࡢ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⥅⥆ⓗ࡞ᯝᐇ ᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡀ㸪ᯝᐇࡢ⫧ࡸᡂ⇍ᮇࡢ㐪࠸ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬 ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᡂ⇍ࡀ㐍ࡴࡘࢀ࡚ᯝ⫗ࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞ࡀቑຍࡋ㸪 ࣜࣥࢦ㓟ྵ㔞ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࡇ㸦✄ⴥ࣭୰ᮧ㸪1981㸹ᇉෆࡽ㸪1985㸹Ụࡽ㸪2006b㸧㸪⢾ྵ - 23 㔞ࡶቑຍࡍࡿഴྥ࡛᥎⛣ࡍࡿࡇ㸦✄ⴥ࣭୰ᮧ㸪1981㸧ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏヨ㦂࠾࠸࡚ ࡶྠᵝࡢኚࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྛ✀ࡢ⢾ྵ㔞ࡣྠ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪✭ᮇࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡿࡇ࡛ᶞෙෆ ᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢྵ㔞ࢆእᒙᯝᐇྠ⛬ᗘ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡢᯝᶞ࡛ࡣ㸪 ࢝࢟࠾࠸࡚᪥↷᮲௳ࡢⰋ࠸⨨╔ᯝࡋࡓᯝᐇᯝᐇ㔜⢾ᗘࡀඃࢀࡿࡢሗ࿌㸦㮚 㔝ࡽ㸪1991㸧ࡸ㸪ࣜࣥࢦ㸪ࣔࣔ㸪 ᕞ࣑࢝ࣥ㸪⚟ཎ࢜ࣞࣥࢪ࠾࠸࡚ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣෆ ᒙࡢᯝᐇẚ࡚⢾ࡸྍ⁐ᛶᅛᙧ≀ྵ㔞ࡀከ࠸ࡢሗ࿌ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸦Ἠࡽ㸪1990㸹⳥ụࡽ㸪 2000㸹Lewallen and Marini, 2003㸹Marini㸪1985㸹ෆ⏣ࡽ㸪1985㸧㸪࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢሗ࿌␗࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࣜࣥࢦ㓟ྵ㔞ࡣ㸪ᡂ⇍క࠸╔ᯝ⨨㛵ಀ࡞ࡃྠᵝῶ ᑡࡋࡓࡇࡽ㸪㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ࡢẚ㍑࡛ࡣ㸪㐜ࡃ✭ࡉࢀࡿᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣᶞෙእ ᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶప࠸್࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 ᯝᐇࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ㔞ຍᕤရࡢྵ㔞ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛➹⪅ࡽࡣᯝ⫗ࡢ᭷ᶵ 㓟ࡸࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡢከᑡࡣᱵ㓇ࡢྵ㔞ᫎࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ụࡽ㸪 2006b㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᱵ⫗࢚࢟ࢫ୰ྵࡲࢀ࡚⾑ὶᨵၿຠᯝࢆ♧ࡍ࣒࣓ࣇ࣮ࣛࣝࡣ㸪ᯝỒࢆຍ⇕ ࡍࡿ㝿ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟⢾ࡽྜᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸦Chuda ࡽ㸪1999㸹⟺⏣ࡽ㸪2003㸧ࡇࡽ㸪ᶞෙ ෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ✭ᮇࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡿࡇࡣ㸪ຍᕤရࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟㸪ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ㸪࣒࣓ࣇ࣮ࣛ ࣝྵ㔞ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ᯝ⫗ࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ᢠ㓟⬟ࡣ㸪ᡂ⇍కࡗ࡚ῶᑡࡍࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦▼ᕝࡽ㸪 1999㸹Ụࡽ㸪2006b㸧㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡣᐦ᥋㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦▼ᕝࡽ㸪1999㸧㸬 ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡶ╔ᯝ⨨㛵ಀ࡞ࡃྠᵝῶᑡࡋࡓࡇࡽ㸪㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ࡢẚ㍑࡛ࡣ㸪 㐜ࡃ✭ࡉࢀࡿᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ ప࠸್࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡢရ┠࡛ࡣ㸪ࣜࣥࢦ࠾࠸࡚እᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣෆᒙࡢᯝᐇẚ࡚ࢣࣝࢭ ࢳࣥ 3-ࢢࣜࢥࢩࢻ࠾ࡼࡧ⥲ࣇࣛ࣎ࣀࢻࡀከ࠸ࡢሗ࿌㸦Awad ࡽ㸪2001㸧ࡸ㸪ࢳࢦ ࠾࠸࡚ 30°C ௨ୗ࡛ࡣẼ ࡀ㧗࠸࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ㧗࠸ࡢሗ࿌ࡀ࠶ ࡾ㸦Wang and Zheng㸪2001㸧㸪࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ගࡸ ᗘࡀ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞 ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬ᚑࡗ࡚㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ ᗘࡸග⎔ቃࢆᨵၿࡋ࡚ ᯝᐇ⫧ࡸෆᐜ≀ࡢ✚ࢆ᪩ࡵ࡚㸪እᒙࡢᯝᐇኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ᮇ✭ࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿࡇ ࡀရ㉁ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀ㸪ࡇࡢࡓࡵࡣ㐺ษ࡞ࡏࢇᐃࡸᏘࡢᚰ ฎ⌮㸦➉୰ࡽ㸪2011㸧ࡼࡾᶞෙࡢෆ㒊ࡲ࡛᪥ගࢆධࢀࡿࡇࡀᚲせࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬 ╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ࡼࡿᯝ⫗ࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ㸪ᯝ⫗ࡢࡳࢆ⏝࠸ ࡿᱵ⫗࢚࢟ࢫ࡞ࡢຍᕤရࡢရ㉁ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ ࡣ✀ᏊከࡃᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸦㉥ᮌࡽ㸪2002㸹୕㇂࣭▮㔝㸪2006㸧ࡇࡽ㸪✀Ꮚࢆྵࡴຍᕤရ ࡛ࡶᝏᙳ㡪ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚㸪ㄪᰝࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪╔ᯝ⨨ࡼࡗ࡚࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢᡂ⇍ᮇࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᶞෙෆ ᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣ㸪㐜ࡽࡏ࡚✭ࡍࡿᯝᐇ㔜ࡸከࡃࡢᯝᐇရ㉁ࡣᨵၿࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ࡣ㸪✭ᮇࡢ㐜ᘏࡼࡗ࡚పୗࡍࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 - 24 ➨ 䠏⠇㻌 䜴䝯䇺༡㧗䇻ᯝᐇ䛾╔ᯝ⨨䛾㐪䛔䛜ᱵ㓇ຍᕤရ䛾ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪 ⥴ゝ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡢ୰࡛㸪✭ᮇࡸᯝᐇࡢࡁࡉࡀᯝᐇ࠾ࡼࡧᱵ㓇ຍᕤရࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ ྵ㔞ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2006b㸪2007a㸧㸬ࡇࢁࡀ㸪ྠ୍ᶞ ࡢྠ᪥᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇ࡛ࡶ㸪ᶞෙࡢእᒙෆᒙ࡛ࡣࡁࡉࡸⰍ࡞ࡢእほࡀࡁࡃ␗࡞ ࡿࡇࡽ㸪➨ 2 ❶ 2 ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢᡂ⇍ࡸᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡢ㛵 ಀࢆㄪᰝࡋ㸪ෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣᡂ⇍ࡸከࡃࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡢ✚ࡀ㐜ࡃ㸪័⾜ࡢ࠾ࡾ✭㛤ጞ ࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡿࡇ࡛ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢྵ㔞ࢆእᒙᯝᐇྠ⛬ᗘ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆ ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞✭᪉ἲࡀຍᕤရရ㉁ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛࡞࠸㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏヨ㦂࡛ࡣ╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀᱵ㓇ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬 ᮦᩱ࠾ࡼࡧ᪉ἲ ᮏ❶➨ 2 ⠇࡛╔ᯝ⨨ูᯝᐇࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᡂᮌ 3 ᶞࢆ⏝࠸㸪 ᮏ❶➨ 2 ⠇ྠᵝᶞෙእᒙᶞෙෆᒙࢆ༊ศࡋ࡚㸪Ϩ㹼Ϭᮇࢆタᐃࡋࡓ㸬ྛ✭ᮇ ୧╔ ᯝ⨨ࡢ┤ᑕ ᪥ගࡢᙜࡓ ࡽ࡞࠸ᯝᐇࢆ ᥇ྲྀࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ ࠺ࡕࡢᖹᆒ ⓗ࡞ࡁࡉࡢ ᯝᐇࢆ 250㹼400 g ⛬ᗘ㑅ࡧ㸪ᯝᐇ 1 kg ᙜࡓࡾị◁⢾ 0.8 kg㸪35㸣ᯝᐇ㓇⏝ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ㸦࣍࣡ࢺ ࣮ࣜ࢝㸧1.8 L ࡢྜ࡛ₕࡅ㎸ࡳ㸪෭ᬯᡤ 6 ᭶㛫ಖᏑࡋ࡚ᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋࡓ㸬 ₕࡅ㎸ࡳ⤊ᚋ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇ 1 kg ᙜࡓࡾࡢᱵ㓇సฟ㔞ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡶ㸪0.45 μm ࡢࣇ ࣝࢱ࣮࡛ࢁ㐣ࡋ㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢ〓Ⰽᗘ㸦450 nm ྾ගᗘ㸧㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟㸦ࣇ ࣮ࣜࣛࢪ࢝ࣝᾘཤ⬟㸧ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ᮏ❶➨ 1 ⠇ྠᵝ㸪᭷ᶵ㓟࠾ࡼࡧࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝྵ㔞 ࡣ HPLC ࡛㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡣ Folin-Ciocalteu ἲ࡛㸪ᢠ㓟⬟ࡣ DPPH ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓẚⰍ ἲ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 ⤖ᯝ 2007㹼2010 ᖺࡢ 4 ᖺ㛫ㄪᰝࡋࡓࡀ㸪ᶞෙእᒙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇㛫ࡢ✭ᮇ ࡈࡢẚ㍑㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ྛᖺࡶྠᵝࡢഴྥࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᖺࡋ࡚ 2009 ࡲࡓࡣ 2010 ᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡳࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ᯝᐇ 1 kg ᙜࡓࡾࡢᱵ㓇సฟ㔞࠾ࡼࡧ〓Ⰽᗘࡣ㸪ྛᖺࡶᶞෙእᒙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇㛫 ࡁ࡞ᕪࡀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 4 ᅗ㸧㸬୧╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ✭㛤ጞᮇ㸦ᶞෙእᒙࡣϩᮇ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙ ࡣϫᮇ㸧ࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ᱵ㓇సฟ㔞࠾ࡼࡧ〓Ⰽᗘࡣᶞෙእ ᒙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇㛫ࡁ࡞ᕪࡀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 11 ⾲㸧㸬 - 25 ཎᩱᯝᐇ1kgᙜࡓࡾࡢ ᱵ㓇సฟ㔞㸦mL㸧 * NS NS ᶞෙෆᒙ NS NS 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 〓Ⰽᗘ㸦450 nm྾ගᗘ㸧 ᶞෙእᒙ 3,000 0 0.3 ** 0.2 NS NS NS NS 0.1 0.0 Ϩᮇ ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ ϫᮇ Ϭᮇ Ϩᮇ ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ ϫᮇ Ϭᮇ ᥇ྲྀᮇ ᥇ྲྀᮇ ➨4ᅗ ╔ᯝ⨨᥇ྲྀᮇࡢ␗࡞ࡿ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢసฟ㔞㸦ᕥ㸧 ࠾ࡼࡧ〓Ⰽᗘ㸦ྑ㸧ࡢ┦㐪㸦2009 ᖺ㸧 ᯝᐇࡢ᥇ྲྀᮇࡣ➨ 1 ᅗྠࡌ࡛㸪ྛᮇ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇࢆᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋࡓ Ϩ㸪ϩ㸪Ϫ㸪ϫ࠾ࡼࡧϬᮇࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪6 ᭶ 7 ᪥㸪10 ᪥㸪13 ᪥㸪16 ᪥࠾ࡼࡧ 19 ᪥࡛㸪ᅗࡢ ࡣᶞ ෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ㸪 ࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࢆ♧ࡍ ྛᶞࡢ 50㹼150 cm ࡢ㧗ࡉ╔⏕ࡋࡓᯝᐇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᖿᶞෙእ࿘ࡢ୰㛫ࡼࡾእഃࡢࡶࡢ࡛ㄪ〇 ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࢆᶞෙእᒙࡢᱵ㓇㸪ෆഃࡢࡶࡢ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࢆᶞෙෆᒙࡢᱵ㓇ࡋࡓ *㸪**ࡣ t ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚ 5 ࡲࡓࡣ 1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NS ࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ ⦪Წࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍ㸦n = 3㸧 ➨ 11 ⾲ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᶞෙእᒙ࠾ࡼࡧෆᒙ࠾ࡅࡿ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢ ᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢసฟ㔞࠾ࡼࡧ〓Ⰽᗘ z ᖺḟ 2007 2008 2009 2010 z ཎᩱᯝᐇ1 kgᙜ䛯䜚䛾 ᱵ㓇సฟ㔞P/ y x እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ 2,706 * 2,622 2,616 2,630 NS 2,732 2,711 NS 2,653 2,751 *** እᒙ 0.06 0.10 0.18 0.14 〓Ⰽᗘ QP྾ගᗘ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ * 0.12 0.11 NS 0.20 NS 0.17 NS ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϩᮇ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϫᮇ᥇ྲྀ y እᒙࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇ㸪ෆᒙࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨4ᅗཧ↷ x *㸪***ࡣt ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚5ࡲࡓࡣ0.1%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NSࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ ᭷ᶵ㓟࠾ࡼࡧࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࣜࣥࢦ㓟ྵ㔞ࡀᖺࡼࡾᶞෙእᒙෆᒙࡢ ᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇㛫ࡢᕪ㐪࠸ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪✭ᮇࡈࡢẚ㍑㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ 2009 ࠾ࡼࡧ 2010 ᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞ࡣྛᖺࡶཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ✭ᮇࡀ㐜࠸ࡶࡢከ࠸ഴྥ ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇ࡀෆᒙࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶከࡗࡓ㸦➨ 5 ᅗ㸧㸬ࣜࣥࢦ㓟ྵ㔞ࡣ - 26 0.9 * * ᶞෙෆᒙ ** ** ** 0.6 0.3 ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟㸦g㺃100mL-1 㸧 ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟㸦g㺃100mL-1 㸧 ᶞෙእᒙ 1.2 0.5 * * * 0.4 NS * 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.9 ** ** ** * 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.4 NS NS * * ** 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 120 * ** 100 * NS ** 60 40 20 0 Ϩᮇ ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ ϫᮇ Ϭᮇ ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ㸦mg㺃100mL-1㸧 ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ㸦mg㺃100mL-1㸧 0.0 80 NS 0.0 ࣜࣥࢦ㓟㸦g㺃100mL-1 㸧 ࣜࣥࢦ㓟㸦g㺃100mL-1 㸧 0.0 1.2 120 * 100 * 80 60 * * NS 40 20 0 Ϩᮇ ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ ϫᮇ ᥇ྲྀᮇ ᥇ྲྀᮇ 2009 ᖺ 2010 ᖺ Ϭᮇ ➨ 5 ᅗ ╔ᯝ⨨᥇ྲྀᮇࡢ␗࡞ࡿ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢ᭷ᶵ㓟࠾ࡼࡧ ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ⃰ᗘࡢ┦㐪 ᶞෙእᒙ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙ㸪ᅗ୰▮༳࠾ࡼࡧ 2009 ᖺࡢ✭ᮇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨ 1 ࠾ࡼࡧ 4 ᅗཧ↷ 2010 ᖺࡢϨ㸪ϩ㸪Ϫ㸪ϫ࠾ࡼࡧϬᮇࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪6 ᭶ 4 ᪥㸪10 ᪥㸪13 ᪥㸪16 ᪥࠾ࡼࡧ 19 ᪥ *㸪**ࡣ t ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚ 5 ࡲࡓࡣ 1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NS ࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ ⦪Წࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍ㸦n = 3㸧 - 27 ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ✭ᮇࡀ㐜࠸ࡶࡢᑡ࡞࠸ഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ㸪 2009 ᖺࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇 ࡀ㸪2010 ᖺࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇ࡀከ࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୍ᐃࡢഴྥࡀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࢯࣝࣅࢺ ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇ࡀෆᒙࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶከࡗࡓ㸬୧╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ✭㛤ጞᮇ ࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟࠾ࡼࡧࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡣᶞෙእ ᒙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇㛫ࡁ࡞ᕪࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࣜࣥࢦ㓟ྵ㔞ࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇 ࡀෆᒙࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶከ࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 12 ⾲㸧㸬 ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡣ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇࡛ࡣ㸪ϫᮇ௨ᚋࡲ࡛⇍ᗘ ࡀ㐍ࢇࡔཎᩱᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓࡶࡢከ࠸ഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ᶞෙእᒙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇㛫 ࡁ࡞ᕪࡀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 6 ᅗ㸧㸬୧╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇㛫࡛ẚ ㍑ࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡣ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇ࡀእᒙࡢࡶ ࡢࡼࡾࡶࡁ࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 13 ⾲㸧㸬 ➨ 12 ⾲ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᶞෙእᒙ࠾ࡼࡧෆᒙ࠾ࡅࡿ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢ ᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢ᭷ᶵ㓟࠾ࡼࡧࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ⃰ᗘ z ᖺḟ 2007 2008 2009 2010 z 䜽䜶䞁㓟 -1 (g㺃100 mL ) y x እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ 0.80 0.90 ** 0.88 0.85 NS 0.93 0.80 * 0.83 0.84 NS 䝸䞁䝂㓟 -1 (g㺃100 mL ) እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ 0.45 0.39 *** 0.38 0.38 NS 0.39 0.32 * 0.30 0.29 NS ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϩᮇ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϫᮇ᥇ྲྀ y እᒙࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇ㸪ෆᒙࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨4ᅗཧ↷ x *㸪**㸪***ࡣt ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚5㸪1ࡲࡓࡣ0.1%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NSࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ 䝋䝹䝡䝖䞊䝹 -1 (mg㺃100 mL ) እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ 32 23 NS 35 45 NS 58 46 NS 63 53 NS - 28 ᶞෙእᒙ ᶞෙෆᒙ NS NS NS NS ** 60 120 ᢠ㓟⬟ 㸦ȝPRO7(㺃100mL-1 㸧 ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ 㸦mgCE㺃100mL-1 㸧 70 50 40 30 20 10 NS NS NS NS NS 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 Ϩᮇ ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ ϫᮇ Ϩᮇ Ϭᮇ ϩᮇ ᥇ྲྀᮇ Ϫᮇ ϫᮇ Ϭᮇ ᥇ྲྀᮇ ➨ 6 ᅗ ╔ᯝ⨨᥇ྲྀᮇࡢ␗࡞ࡿ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢ ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ⃰ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟㸦ྑ㸧ࡢ┦㐪㸦2009 ᖺ㸧 ✭ᮇ㸪ᶞෙእᒙ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙ࠾ࡼࡧᅗ୰▮༳ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨ 1 ࠾ࡼࡧ 4 ᅗཧ↷ **ࡣ t ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚ 1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NS ࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ ⦪Წࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍ㸦n = 3㸧 CE ࡣࢡࣟࣟࢤࣥ㓟┦ᙜ㔞㸪TE ࡣ Į-ࢺࢥࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࣝ┦ᙜ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍ ➨ 13 ⾲ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᶞෙእᒙ࠾ࡼࡧෆᒙ࠾ࡅࡿ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢ ᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ⃰ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ z ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ ᖺḟ 2007 2008 2009 2010 ᢠ㓟⬟ -1 y እᒙ 48 56 63 48 [ (mg CE䡡100 mL ) ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶZ 53 ** 62 NS 66 * 54 ** -1 y ȝPRO7(䡡100 mL ) ᭷ពᛶ እᒙ ෆᒙ 105 125 * 134 NS 123 111 NS 100 ** 78 95 z ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϩᮇ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϫᮇ᥇ྲྀ y CEࡣࢡࣟࣟࢤࣥ㓟┦ᙜ㔞㸪TEࡣĮࢺࢥࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࣝ┦ᙜ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍ x እᒙࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇ㸪ෆᒙࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨4ᅗཧ↷ w *㸪**ࡣt ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚5ࡲࡓࡣ1%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NSࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ - 29 ⪃ ᐹ ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᯝᶞ࡛ࡣ㸪⢾ᗘࡸ㓟ᗘ࡞㣗ୖ㔜どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㡯┠㸪╔Ⰽ⛬ᗘ㸪◳ࡉ࡞ ᇶ࡙࠸࡚✭ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦す࣭┿Ꮚ㸪2010㸧㸪࣓࢘ࡣ⏕ᯝࢆ㣗ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪㟷ᯝ ࡋ࡚ὶ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᯝᐇࡢ✭ᇶ‽ࡣ㸪ẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜ㸪ᯝ⓶ࡢⰍࡘࡸ࡞ࡢእほࢆ┠ど ุ࡛᩿ࡋ࡚ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ✭ࡋࡓᚋ㸪⣙ 1 㐌㛫ࡎࡽࡋ࡚ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ✭ࡋጞࡵ ࡿ㸦㇂ཱྀ㸪1998㸧㸬ࡋࡋ㸪࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ╔ᯝ⨨ᡂ⇍ᮇ࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇရ㉁ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ ࠸࡚ࡢヲ⣽࡞ሗ࿌ࡣࡳ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪ᮏ❶➨ 2 ⠇࡛ࡣ╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ ᡂ⇍㸪ᯝ⫗ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢ ᯝᐇࡣእᒙࡢᯝᐇẚ࡚ 7 ᪥⛬ᗘᡂ⇍ࡀ㐜ࢀ㸪័⾜࠾ࡾ✭ᮇࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡿࡇࡣ㸪 ከࡃࡢᯝᐇရ㉁ࢆᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇྠ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ㏙ࡓ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪 ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ࡣ㸪╔ᯝ⨨㛵ಀ࡞ࡃྠᵝῶᑡࡍࡿࡇࡽ㸪㟷ᯝ ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ࡢẚ㍑࡛ࡣ㸪㐜ࡃ✭ࡉࢀࡿᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶపࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ࡼࡿࡇࢀࡽᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ㸪ᯝ⫗ࡢࡳࢆ ⏝࠸ࡿᱵ⫗࢚࢟ࢫ࡞ࡢຍᕤရࡣᫎࡉࢀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪✀Ꮚࢆྵࡴຍᕤရ࡛ࡣ㸪 ᯝ⫗࠾ࡅࡿ㐪࠸ࡀᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡢㄪᰝࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡽ㸪ᮏヨ㦂࡛╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ ᱵ㓇ရ㉁ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡼ࠺ࡋࡓ㸬 ᮏ❶➨ 2 ⠇࡛➹⪅ࡽࡣ㸪ᯝ⫗ࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟࠾ࡼࡧࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡀ㸪ྠ᪥࡛ࡣᶞෙእᒙ ࡢᯝᐇࡀෆᒙࡢᯝᐇẚ࡚ከࡃ㸪㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿᶞෙእᒙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇ㛫 ࡁ࡞ᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪ࣜࣥࢦ㓟ྵ㔞ࡀᡂ⇍క࠸㸪╔ᯝ⨨㛵ಀ࡞ࡃྠᵝῶᑡࡍࡿ ࡇࡽ㸪㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ࡢẚ㍑࡛ࡣ㸪㐜ࡃ✭ࡉࢀࡿᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝ ᐇࡼࡾࡶప࠸್࡞ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ᮏヨ㦂ࡢᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋࡓሙྜࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪╔ᯝ ⨨ࡼࡿᯝ⫗࡛ࡢྵ㔞ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀᱵ㓇ࡶᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼ ࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡣ㸪ᯝ⫗࡛ࡣ╔ᯝ⨨㛵ಀ࡞ࡃྠᵝῶᑡࡍࡿࡇࡽ㸪㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ ࡢẚ㍑࡛ࡣ㸪㐜ࡃ✭ࡉࢀࡿᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶప࠸್࡞ࡿࡇࢆ ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋࡓሙྜࡣ㸪ྠ᪥࡛ࡢẚ㍑࡛ࡣᕪࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ 㓇ࡣ㸪ϫᮇ㡭ࡲ࡛ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ✭ᮇࡀ㐜࠸ከ࠸ഴྥࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡇࡽ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ 㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡣእᒙࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶከࡃ࡞ࡗ ࡓ㸬࣓࢘ᯝᐇෆ࡛࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ㸫ࣝࡣ᰾ከࡃᏑᅾࡋ㸪᰾࡛ࡣᡂ⇍ࡶቑຍࡍࡿࡇ㸦୕ ㇂࣭▮㔝㸪2006㸧㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝࡢከࡃࡣ✀Ꮚ㉳ᅉࡍࡿࡇ㸦㉥ᮌࡽ㸪2002㸹 Ụࡽ㸪2006b㸧ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᱵ㓇⁐ฟࡉࢀࡓ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝࡣ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇ ࡛ࡣᯝ⫗࡛ࡢῶᑡ㔞௨ୖ᰾࡛ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᯝᐇရ㉁ྠᵝ㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡢ㠃ࡽ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣ㸪㐜ࡽࡏ࡚ᡂ⇍ᮇ✭ࡉࢀࡿ࠸ࡃࡘࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡀᨵၿࡉࢀ㸪ࡉࡽ㸪ᶞෙෆ ᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ✭ᮇࡢ㐜ᘏࡼࡗ࡚ቑຍ ࡍࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 - 30 ➨ 䠏❶㻌 㤶䜚䛻ඃ䜜䛯ᱵ㓇〇㐀䛾䛯䜑䛾᱂ᇵ䞉㏣⇍᪉ἲ㻌 ➨䠍⠇㻌 䜴䝯䇺༡㧗䇻ᯝᐇ䛾㏣⇍᮲௳䛜ᱵ㓇䛾㤶Ẽᡂศ䛚䜘䜃ⱞ䜏ᡂศ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪㻌 ⥴ゝ ͂༡㧗̓ࡣ㸪ᡂ⇍ᚋᮇࣇ࣮ࣝࢸ࣮࡞㤶ࡾࢆᨺࡕ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᯝᐇࢆᱵ㓇ཎᩱࡋ࡚ ⏝࠸ࡿ㸪ࣔࣔᵝࡢࣇ࣮ࣝࢸ࣮࡞㤶ࡾࢆࡶࡘᱵ㓇ୖࡀࡿࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➨ 1 ❶࡛㏙ࡓࡼ࠺㸪ࡽ㸦2005㸧ࡣ͂⏥ᕞᑠᱵ̓ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺ ࣥ㸪į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡀ⏑࠸㤶ࡾࡁࡃᐤࡍࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪͂༡㧗̓ ࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌ࡣࢇࡳ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸㸬ࡲࡓ㸪✭ᚋࡶᯝᐇࡢ⇍ᗘࡣ 㐍⾜ࡍࡿࡀ㸪㏣⇍ࡋࡓᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌ࡣࡳ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸㸬୍᪉㸪 Kaneko ࡽ㸦1998㸧ࡣࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥࡀ㸪➉࣭⏣୰㸦1990㸧ࡣࢩࣗ࢘㓟ࡀᱵ㓇ࡢⱞࡳ㛵ࡍ ࡿሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ㏣⇍᮲௳ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀᱵ㓇୰ࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧⱞࡳᡂศཬࡰ ࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬 ᮦᩱ䛚䜘䜃᪉ἲ 1䠊ཎᩱᯝᐇ䛾㏣⇍᪥ᩘ䛸ᱵ㓇䛾㣗䛚䜘䜃㤶Ẽᡂศ䠄ヨ㦂 1䠅 2008 ᖺ㸪ḷᒣ┴ࡳ࡞⏫ෆࡢ 3 ᅬ㸦✭ᮇࡢ᪩࠸㡰 A㸪B ࠾ࡼࡧ C ᅬ㸧᳜᱂ࡉ ࢀࡓ͂༡㧗̓ᡂᮌ㸦ྛᅬ 1 ᶞ㸧ࡢᶞෙእ࿘㒊ᯝᐇࡘ࠸࡚㸪⌧⾜ࡢ✭ᇶ‽࡛࠶ࡿᯝ⓶Ⰽ ࢆࡶ㟷ᯝ✭⤊ᮇࢆุ᩿ࡋ㸪㟷ᯝ✭⤊ᮇࡢ 3 ᪥⛬ᗘᚋࡢᮇ㸦௨ୗ㯤⇍ᮇ㸧 㯤⇍ࡋࡓᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪A ᅬࡣ 6 ᭶ 19 ᪥㸪B ᅬࡣ 6 ᭶ 22 ᪥㸪C ᅬࡣ 7 ᭶ 1 ᪥㸪┤ᑕ᪥ගࡀᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸㒊ࡢᖹᆒⓗ࡞ࡁࡉࡢᯝᐇ㸦ࡑࢀࡒࢀᖹᆒᯝᐇ㔜 56.3㸪45.8 ࠾ࡼࡧ 43.3 g㸧ࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 500 g ࢆᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡍࡿࡶ㸪ṧࡾࡢᯝᐇࢆฟ Ⲵ⏝ẁ࣮࣎ࣝ⟽ධࢀ࡚ 20°C㸦ᖹᆒ‵ᗘ 76㸣㸧࡛㏣⇍ࡋ㸪᥇ྲྀ᪥ࡼࡾ 2 ᪥ࡈ㸦᥇ྲྀᚋ 2㸪 4 ࠾ࡼࡧ 6 ᪥㸧ᖹᆒⓗ࡞ᯝ⓶Ⰽࡢᯝᐇ 500 g ⛬ᗘࢆ㡰ḟᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋࡓ㸬ຍᕤ᪉ἲࡣ㸪 ࣓࢘ᯝᐇ 1 kg ᑐࡋ࡚ 35㸣ᯝᐇ㓇⏝ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ㸦࣍࣡ࢺ࣮ࣜ࢝㸧1.8 L㸪ୖⓑ⢾ 0.5 kg ࡢྜ࡛㸪෭ᬯᡤ࡚ 6 ᭶㛫ₕࡅ㎸ࢇࡔ㸬ₕࡅ㎸ࡳࡣ࡞ࡋ࡛⾜࠸㸪ₕࡅ㎸ࡳ⤊ᚋ㸪 ⇍⦎ࡋࡓホ౯ࣃࢿ࣮ࣛ5 ྡࡼࡾ࠾ࡼࡧ㤶ࡾࡢⰋࡉ㸪⇍㤶ࡢᙉࡉࡢᐁ⬟ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺ ࡶ㸪≉ᚩⓗ࡞㤶Ẽᡂศࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᑠᯘࡽ㸦2007㸧ࡢሗ࿌ࢆཧ⪃୍㒊ࡢヨᩱ ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ GC-O ࡼࡿໝ࠸Ⴅࡂศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ໝ࠸Ⴅࡂศᯒ⏝ヨᩱࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ᢳฟࡋ ࡓ㸬PorapakQ ᶞ⬡㸦50/80mesh㸧4 g ࢆ࢞ࣛࢫ࣒࢝ࣛ㸦ෆᚄ 1.5 cm ×30 cm㸧⢭〇࣓ࢱࣀ ࣮࡛ࣝሸࡋ㸪ḟ࣓ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝ 50 mL㸪⬺࢜ࣥỈ 100 mL ࡛㡰ḟὙίᚋ㸪㤶Ẽᡂศ྾╔ ⏝࣒࢝ࣛࡋࡓ㸬ᱵ㓇ࢧࣥࣉࣝ 100 mL ෆ㒊ᶆ‽ࡋ࡚ 1㸣ࢩࢡࣟ࣊࢟ࢧࣀ࣮ࣝ 100 μL ࢆῧຍࡋ㸪࣒࢝ࣛὶࡋ࡚㤶Ẽᡂศࢆᶞ⬡྾╔ࡉࡏ㸪⬺࢜ࣥỈ 30 mL ࡛࣒࢝ࣛ୰ࡢỈ ⁐ᛶᡂศࢆฟὙίᚋ㸪ࢪ࢚ࢳ࢚࣮ࣝࢸࣝ 50 mL ࡛㤶Ẽᡂศࢆᅇࡋࡓ㸬ᅇᾮ↓Ỉ◲ 㓟ࢼࢺ࣒ࣜ࢘ 15 g ࢆῧຍࡋ㸪3 㛫௨ୖᨺ⨨ࡋ࡚Ỉศࢆ㝖ཤࡋ㸪❅⣲Ẽὶୗ࡛ 1 mL ࡲ࡛ - 31 ⃰⦰ࡋࡓ㸬ศᯒࡣ HP-1MS ࣒࢝ࣛ㸦㛗ࡉ 60 m㸪ෆᚄ 0.25 mm㸪⭷ཌ 0.25 μm㸪J&W Scientific㸧 ࢆ╔ࡋࡓ࢞ࢫࢡ࣐ࣟࢺࢢࣛࣇ㸦HP6890㸪Agilent㸧ࡼࡾ㸪࣮࢟ࣕࣜ࢞ࢫ He㸪࣒࢝ࣛ ὶ㔞 0.97 mL㺃min -1㸪ὀධ㔞 1 μL㸪ࢫࣉࣜࢵࢺẚ 10㸸1㸪Ẽᐊ ᗘ 240°C㸪᳨ฟჾ FID㸪 ᳨ฟჾ ᗘ 250°C ࡢ᮲௳࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬᪼ ᮲௳ࡣ㸪70°C ࡛ 15 ศ㛫ಖᣢࡋࡓᚋ㸪110°C ࡲ ࡛ 10°C㺃min -1 ࡛᪼ 㸪140°C ࡲ࡛ 5°C㺃min -1 ࡛᪼ 㸪325°C ࡲ࡛ 10°C㺃min -1 ࡛᪼ ࡉࡏ㸪 ᭱ᚋ 5 ศ㛫ಖᣢࡋࡓ㸬࣒࢝ࣛࡢฟཱྀࢆ 2 ࡘศᒱࡋ㸪୍᪉ࡣ FID ᳨ฟჾ㸪᪉ࡣໝ࠸Ⴅ ࡂ㒊᥋⥆ࡋ㸪⇍⦎ࡋࡓホ౯ࣃࢿ࣮ࣛ3 ྡࡼࡾ≉ᚩⓗ࡞㤶Ẽᡂศࢆ≉ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 ⥆࠸࡚㸪ໝ࠸Ⴅࡂศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ≉ᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢸ࣮࡞ⰾ㤶㛵ࡍࡿᡂศ㟷 ࡗࡱ࠸㤶Ẽ㛵ࡍࡿᡂศࢆᐃ㔞ࡋࡓ㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪 ᐃࡍࡿᡂศࢆ⤠ࡾ㎸ࢇࡔࡇࡽ㸪ᢳ ฟసᴗࢆ⡆⣲ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪㤶Ẽᡂศࡢศᯒ⏝ヨᩱࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ኚ᭦ࡋ࡚ᢳฟࡋࡓ㸬ศ ᾮ࣮ࣟࢺᱵ㓇ヨᩱ 40 mL㸪ሷࢼࢺ࣒ࣜ࢘ 11 g㸪100 mg㺃L -1 ࢩࢡࣟ࣊࢟ࢧࣀ࣮ࣝ㸦ෆ㒊 ᶆ‽⁐ᾮ㸧0.2 mL㸪n-࣌ࣥࢱࣥ 10 mL ࢆຍ࠼㸪࠺ᶵ࡛ 10 ศ㛫࠺ࡋࡓᚋ㸪ୖᒙࢆ᥇ ྲྀࡋ࡚↓Ỉ◲㓟ࢼࢺ࣒ࣜ࢘ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⬺Ỉࡋ㸪0.45 μm ࡢ࣓ࣥࣈࣞࣥࣇࣝࢱ࣮࡛ℐ㐣ࡋ࡚ ศᯒヨᩱࡋࡓ㸬 ᐃࡣໝ࠸Ⴅࡂศᯒྠ᮲௳࡛㸪 GC/MS㸦GC-2010㸪ᓥὠ〇సᡤ㸧ࢆ⏝ ࠸࡚㸪᳨ฟჾ GSMS-QP2010㸪࢜ࣥ※ ᗘ 200°C㸪ࣥࢱࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ ᗘ 240°C ࡛ෆ㒊ᶆ‽ ἲࡼࡾ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 2䠊 䠊 ᯝᐇ䛾᥇ྲྀᮇ䠈㏣⇍᪥ᩘ䛸ᱵ㓇䛾㤶Ẽᡂศ䠄ヨ㦂 2䠅 2010 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 13 ᪥㸦㟷ᯝ✭┒ᮇ㸧㸪16 ᪥㸦㟷ᯝ✭⤊ᮇ㸧࠾ࡼࡧ 19 ᪥㸦㯤⇍ᮇ㸧㸪 ḷᒣ┴࠺ࡵ◊✲ᡤෆ͂༡㧗̓ᡂᮌ 3 ᶞࡢᶞෙእ࿘㒊ࡼࡾᖹᆒⓗ࡞ࡁࡉࡢᯝᐇ㸦ࡑࢀࡒ ࢀᖹᆒᯝᐇ㔜 41.6㸪45.8 ࠾ࡼࡧ 47.6 g㸧ࢆྛᶞ 2 kg ⛬ᗘ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸦௨ୗ 6/13㸪6/16 ࠾ࡼࡧ 6/19 ᥇ྲྀᯝᐇ㸧㸬ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 250㹼350 g ࢆᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡍࡿࡶ㸪ṧࡾࡢᯝᐇࢆฟⲴ⏝ẁ ࣮࣎ࣝ⟽ධࢀ࡚ 20°C㸦ᖹᆒ‵ᗘ 87㸣㸧࡛㏣⇍ࡋࡓ㸬㏣⇍ 4㹼6 ᪥ᚋ㸦6/19 ᥇ྲྀᯝᐇࡢ 6 ᪥㏣⇍ࡣ⭉ᩋࡀ㐍ࢇࡔࡓࡵ㝖ࡃ㸧㸪ᖹᆒⓗ࡞ᯝ⓶Ⰽࡢᯝᐇ 250㹼350 g ⛬ᗘࢆᱵ㓇ຍᕤ ࡋࡓ㸬ຍᕤ᪉ἲࡣ㸪࣓࢘ᯝᐇ 1 kg ᑐࡋ࡚ 35㸣ᯝᐇ㓇⏝ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ 1.8 L㸪ị◁⢾ 0.8 kg ࡢྜ࡛㸪෭ᬯᡤ࡚ 6 ᭶㛫ₕࡅ㎸ࢇࡔ㸬ₕࡅ㎸ࡳࡣ 3 ࡛⾜࠸㸪ₕࡅ㎸ࡳᚋ㸪ヨ㦂 1 ࡛≉ᚩⓗ࡞㤶Ẽᡂศุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓᡂศࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 3䠊ཎᩱᯝᐇ䛾㏣⇍ ᗘ䛚䜘䜃㏣⇍᪥ᩘ䛸ᱵ㓇䛾㤶Ẽ䛚䜘䜃ⱞ䜏ᡂศ䠄ヨ㦂 3䠅 2009 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 25 ᪥㸦㯤⇍ᮇ㸧㸪ḷᒣ┴࠺ࡵ◊✲ᡤ᳜᱂ࡢ͂༡㧗̓ᡂᮌࡢᶞෙእ࿘㒊 ࡼࡾᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋ㸪ᖹᆒⓗ࡞ࡁࡉࡢᯝᐇࢆ㑅ᯝᶵࡼࡾ㑅ูࡋࡓ㸦ᖹᆒᯝᐇ㔜 47.0 g㸧㸬 ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 250㹼350 g ࢆᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡍࡿࡶ㸪ṧࡾࡢᯝᐇࢆฟⲴ⏝ẁ࣮࣎ࣝ⟽ධࢀ࡚㸪 10°C㸦ᖹᆒ‵ᗘ 70㸣㸧㸪20°C㸦ᖹᆒ‵ᗘ 72㸣㸧㸪30°C㸦ᖹᆒ‵ᗘ 94㸣㸧㸪35°C㸦ᖹᆒ‵ ᗘ 61㸣㸧࡛㏣⇍ࡋ㸪㏣⇍ 3㹼6 ᪥ᚋ㸦10°C ࡢ 5 ᪥ 35°C ࡢ 6 ᪥ࢆ㝖ࡃ㸧ᖹᆒⓗ࡞ᯝ⓶ Ⰽࡢᯝᐇ 250㹼350 g ⛬ᗘࢆᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋࡓ㸬ຍᕤ᪉ἲࡣ࣓࢘ᯝᐇ 1 kg ᑐࡋ࡚ 35㸣ᯝᐇ 㓇⏝ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ 1.8 L㸪ị◁⢾ 0.6 kg ࡢྜ࡛෭ᬯᡤ࡚ 6 ᭶㛫ₕࡅ㎸ࢇࡔ㸬ₕࡅ㎸ࡳࡣ 2㹼3 ࡛⾜࠸㸪ₕࡅ㎸ࡳᚋ㸪ヨ㦂 1 ྠᵝ㤶Ẽᡂศࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡶ㸪ⱞࡳ㛵 ࡍࡿᡂศࡋ࡚ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥ࠾ࡼࡧࢩࣗ࢘㓟ྵ㔞ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥࡣᑎ⏣࣭ᒣᮏ㸦1992㸧 - 32 ࡢ᪉ἲࡼࡾ㸪Shim-pack VP-ODS ࣒࢝ࣛ㸦150 ×4.6 mm, ᓥὠ〇సᡤ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ࢭࢺ ࢽࢺࣜࣝỈ0.2 M ࣜࣥ㓟⦆⾪ᾮ pH4.0㸦16㸸79㸸5㸧ࢆ⛣ື┦ࡋ࡚㸪HPLC㸦࣒࢝ࣛ ᗘ㸸 30°C㸪ὶ㔞㸸1.0 mL㺃min -1㸪᳨ฟ㸸210 nm ྾ගᗘ㸧࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ࢩࣗ࢘㓟ࡣ Hata ࡽ㸦2006㸧 ࡢ᪉ἲࡼࡾ Shim-pack SCR-102H ࣒࢝ࣛ㸦300 ×8.0 mm, ᓥὠ〇సᡤ㸧 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪HPLC 㸦࣒࢝ࣛ ᗘ㸸80°C㸪⛣ື┦㸸1㸣ࣜࣥ㓟㸪ὶ㔞㸸1.5 mL㺃min -1㸪᳨ฟ㸸210 nm ྾ගᗘ㸧࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 4䠊 䠊 ཎᩱᯝᐇ䛾㏣⇍୰䛾‵ᗘ䛾㐪䛔䛸ᱵ㓇䛾㤶Ẽ䛚䜘䜃ⱞ䜏ᡂศ䠄ヨ㦂 4䠅 2009 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 6 ᪥㸦㟷ᯝ✭⤊ᮇࡢ 8 ᪥⛬ᗘᚋࡢᮇ㸧㸪ḷᒣ┴ࡳ࡞⏫ෆ᳜᱂ࡢ ͂༡㧗̓ᡂᮌ 1 ᶞࡢእ࿘㒊ࡼࡾᖹᆒⓗ࡞ࡁࡉࡢᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸦ᖹᆒᯝᐇ㔜 36.3 g㸧㸬 ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 250㹼350 g ࢆᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡍࡿࡶ㸪ṧࡾࡢᯝᐇࢆฟⲴ⏝ẁ࣮࣎ࣝ⟽ධࢀ࡚ 35°C ࡢ ᗘ᮲௳࡛㸪‵ᗘ 60㸣㸦௨ୗ 60㸣༊㸧࠾ࡼࡧ‵ᗘ 90㸣㸦௨ୗ 90㸣༊㸧ࡢ᮲௳࡛ಖ Ꮡࡋ㸪᥇ྲྀᚋ 0㸪2㸪3 ࠾ࡼࡧ 4 ᪥ᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋࡓ㸬ຍᕤ᪉ἲࡣ㸪࣓࢘ᯝᐇ 1 kg ᑐࡋ࡚ 35㸣ᯝᐇ㓇⏝ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ 1.8 L㸪ị◁⢾ 0.6 kg ࡢྜ࡛෭ᬯᡤ࡚ 6 ᭶㛫ₕࡅ㎸ࢇࡔ㸬ₕ ࡅ㎸ࡳࡣ 2㹼3 ࡛⾜࠸㸪ₕࡅ㎸ࡳᚋ㸪ヨ㦂 3 ྠᵝ㤶Ẽᡂศⱞࡳᡂศࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬 ⤖ᯝ 1䠊ཎᩱᯝᐇ䛾㏣⇍᪥ᩘ䛸ᱵ㓇䛾㣗䛚䜘䜃㤶Ẽᡂศ䠄ヨ㦂 1䠅 㣗ホ౯ࡘ࠸࡚㸪A ࠾ࡼࡧ B ᅬ࡛ࡣ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 4 ᪥࡛㸪㤶ࡾࡢホⅬࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪⇍㤶ࡀ ᙉࡗࡓ㸦➨ 14 ⾲㸧㸬C ᅬ࡛ࡣ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 4 ᪥࡛ࡢホⅬࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪⇍㤶ࡀᙉࡃ㸪㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 6 ᪥࡛㤶ࡾࡢホⅬࡀ㧗ࡗࡓ㸬㤶Ẽᡂศࡘ࠸࡚㸪ໝ࠸Ⴅࡂศᯒࡼࡾ㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢࣇ࣮ࣝࢸ ࣮࡞ⰾ㤶㛵ࡍࡿᡂศࡢ୍㒊ࡀ 㸪Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸦ࣔࣔᵝ㸧㸪į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸦ࣔࣔ ᵝ㸧㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㸦ࣃࣥᵝ㸧㸪㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ㸦ࣜࣥࢦᵝ㸧㸪ᮍ⇍࡞ᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇 ࡢ㟷ࡗࡱ࠸㤶Ẽ㛵ࡍࡿᡂศࡢ୍ࡘࡀᏳᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㸦Ⱚᵝ㸧࡛࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡇ ࢀࡽࡢ࠺ࡕⰾ㤶ᡂศࡣཎᩱᯝᐇࢆ㏣⇍ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾቑຍࡋ㸪A ࠾ࡼࡧ B ᅬ࡛ࡣ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 4 ᪥࡛ࡰ᭱࡞ࡾ㸪C ᅬ࡛ࡣ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 6 ᪥࡛ࡰ᭱࡞ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪㟷ࡗࡱ࠸㤶Ẽ ᡂศࡢᏳᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡣ㸪ࡍ࡚ࡢᅬ࠾࠸࡚㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 6 ᪥࡛᭱࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 2䠊ᯝᐇ䛾᥇ྲྀᮇ䠈㏣⇍᪥ᩘ䛸ᱵ㓇䛾㤶Ẽᡂศ䠄ヨ㦂 2䠅 ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ᥇ྲྀᮇࡀ㐜࠸ᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศࡀከࡃ㸪Ᏻᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡀᑡ࡞࠸್ࢆ♧ ࡋࡓ㸦➨ 15 ⾲㸧㸬ྛⰾ㤶ᡂศࡶ㸪6/13 ᥇ྲྀᯝᐇ࠾ࡼࡧ 6/19 ᥇ྲྀᯝᐇ࡛ࡣ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 4 ᪥ ࡛㸪6/16 ᥇ྲྀᯝᐇ࡛ࡣ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 5 ᪥࡛ࡰ᭱࡞ࡾ㸪ྠࡌ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸪į-ࢹ ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪6/19 ᥇ྲྀᯝᐇ࡛ከ࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬Ᏻᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡣ㸪6/13 ᥇ྲྀᯝᐇ ࡛ࡣ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 5 ᪥࡛㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 0 ᪥ࡼࡾࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪6/16 ᥇ྲྀᯝᐇ࠾ࡼࡧ 6/19 ᥇ྲྀᯝᐇ࡛ࡣ㏣ ⇍᪥ᩘ 0 ᪥ᕪࡀ࡞ࡃ᥎⛣ࡋࡓ㸬 3䠊ཎᩱᯝᐇ䛾㏣⇍ ᗘ䛚䜘䜃㏣⇍᪥ᩘ䛸ᱵ㓇䛾㤶Ẽ䛚䜘䜃ⱞ䜏ᡂศ䠄ヨ㦂 3䠅 Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ㔞ࡣ㸪㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 3㹼4 ᪥࡛ࡣ㏣⇍ ᗘ 20 ࠾ࡼࡧ 30°C ࡀ - 33 - 34 Ț㺎ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ ț㺎ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ 18 0 310 45 636 57 557 35 63 22 469 57 899 68 1,026 47 95 21 267 34 718 50 853 40 㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ 53 355 450 442 125 311 376 354 110 209 203 263 -1 㤶Ẽᡂศ㸦ȝJ㺃L 㸧 㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ 7 662 1,469 1,808 82 524 1,036 623 96 310 786 1,105 Ᏻᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝ 141 169 188 334 140 116 160 197 115 213 193 241 yy 㟷ᯝ✭⤊┤ᚋᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀ㸪㏣⇍ ᗘ20°C㸪㤶Ẽᡂศࡣ࡞ࡋ࡛ ᐃ Aᅬࡢ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ0᪥ࢆ3.0㸦ᇶ‽㸧ࡋ࡚㸪5.0㠀ᖖⰋ࠸㸦⇍㤶ࡣ㠀ᖖᙉ࠸㸧㸪4.0Ⰻ࠸㸦ᙉ࠸㸧㸪2.0ᝏ࠸㸦ᙅ࠸㸧㸪 ࠉ1.0㠀ᖖᝏ࠸㸦㠀ᖖᙅ࠸㸧࡛㸪ࣃࢿ࣮ࣛྡࡼࡾホ౯ 1.0㠀ᖖᝏ࠸㸦㠀ᖖᙅ࠸㸧࡛㸪ࣃࢿ࣮ࣛྡࡼࡾホ౯ zz Cᅬ Bᅬ Aᅬ ⇍㤶 3.0 3.6 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.7 4.3 3.2 2.9 3.6 4.3 4.3 㤶ࡾ 3.0 3.5 3.9 3.2 3.1 3.5 4.1 3.0 2.8 3.2 4.0 4.2 ᪥ᩘ 0᪥ 2᪥ 4᪥ 6᪥ 0᪥ 2᪥ 4᪥ 6᪥ 0᪥ 2᪥ 4᪥ 6᪥ 3.0 3.3 4.1 3.3 2.8 2.8 3.6 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.9 3.8 㣗ホⅬy ㏣⇍ ➨ 14 ⾲ ⾲ ࣓࢘ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓࠾ࡅࡿཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ㏣⇍᪥ᩘࡀᱵ㓇ࡢ㣗࠾ࡼࡧ㤶Ẽᡂศྵ㔞ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪㸦 ༡㧗 ࠾ࡅࡿཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ㏣⇍᪥ᩘࡀᱵ㓇ࡢ㣗࠾ࡼࡧ㤶Ẽᡂศྵ㔞ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪㸦 ᖺ㸧z - 35 y z ㏣⇍ Ȗ㺎ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ į㺎ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ ᪥ᩘ ȝJ㺃L-1) ȝJ㺃L-1) 0᪥ 8.0 by 0.0 c 4᪥ 564.3 a 109.5 a 5᪥ 686.5 a 95.6 a 6᪥ 146.3 b 30.3 b 0᪥ 9.8 b 1.9 c 4᪥ 217.4 b 41.2 b 5᪥ 795.5 a 76.6 a 6᪥ 784.0 a 66.0 a 0᪥ 70.0 b 13.9 c 4᪥ 942.8 a 102.3 a 5᪥ 945.4 a 86.2 b ȝJ㺃L 10.1 208.2 151.9 37.0 15.0 53.6 288.9 342.3 45.4 277.9 288.2 ) c a b c c c b a b a a -1 㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ ȝJ㺃L 10.0 174.0 135.6 15.6 11.5 20.0 255.4 315.8 12.0 331.5 321.8 ) b a a b b b a a b a a -1 㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ ȝJ㺃L-1) 200.9 a 123.8 ab 90.6 b 137.0 ab 162.8 a 118.6 a 109.9 a 148.0 a 154.1 a 133.2 a 173.1 a Ᏻᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝ ㏣⇍ ᗘ20°C Tukeyࡢከ㔜᳨ᐃࡼࡾ㸪ྛ㤶Ẽᡂศࡢྠ୍ᯝᐇ᥇ྲྀ᪥ࡢ␗➢ྕ㛫5㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸦n = 3㸧 6᭶19᪥ 6᭶16᪥ ᯝᐇ ᥇ྲྀ᪥ 6᭶13᪥ ➨ 15 ⾲ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓࠾ࡅࡿཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ᥇ྲྀᮇ㸪㏣⇍᪥ᩘࡀᱵ㓇୰ࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศྵ㔞 ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪㸦 ᖺ㸧z ࡢ ᗘẚ࡚ከࡃ㸪㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 5㹼6 ᪥࡛ࡣ㏣⇍ ᗘ 20°C ࡀࡢ ᗘẚ࡚ከࡗࡓ 㸦➨ 7 ᅗ㸧㸬į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㔞ࡣ㸪㏣⇍ ᗘ 20°C ࡀࡢ ᗘẚ࡚ከ ࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㏣⇍ ᗘ 20°C ࡛ࡣ㸪Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㔞ࡣ㏣⇍ 4㹼6 ᪥㸪į-ࢹ࢝ࣛ 1,200 b 2 35Υ 20Υ c 10Υ c c c 0 4 6 100 80 a a a a 60 40 b 20 bc c 0 2 b b b b b b b 4 a a ab 100 a b b 50 2 a 300 a 250 a bc c 4 b c b c 6 a a b 200 150 a b bc 50 c 0 2 b a 100 6 a 150 350 0 200 0 b 200 0 b 30Υ b 0 㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 a a 400 a 600 0 į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 a a 800 a 1,000 㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 Ᏻᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 b b a 4 6 350 a 300 250 b 200 b 150 0 2 4 6 ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ ➨ 7 ᅗ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓࠾ࡅࡿཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ㏣⇍ ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧ㏣⇍᪥ᩘࡀᱵ㓇ࡢ 㤶Ẽᡂศཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪㸦 2009 ᖺ㸧 ⦪ Წ ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪ ࢆ♧ ࡍ㸦n = 2-3㸧 Tukey ࡢከ 㔜 ẚ㍑ ࡼࡾ㸪ྠ ୍㏣⇍᪥ᩘ ࡢ␗➢ྕ㛫 5㸣Ỉ ‽ ࡛᭷ពᕪ ࠶ࡾ Ᏻᜥ㤶㓟 ࢚ࢳࣝࡣ㏣ ⇍᪥ᩘ 5 ᪥ ࢆ㝖 ࠸࡚᭷ ពᕪ ࡞ࡋ - 36 ࢡࢺࣥ㔞ࡣ㏣⇍ 3㹼4 ᪥㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㔞ࡣ㏣⇍ 3 ᪥㸪㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ㔞ࡣ㏣⇍ 5 ᪥࡛᭱࡞ࡗ ࡓ㸬㟷ࡗࡱ࠸㤶ࡾࡢᏳᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡣ㸪㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 5 ᪥࡛ࡣ㏣⇍ ᗘ 35°C ࡀࡢ ᗘẚ ࡚ከࡗࡓ㸬㏣⇍ ᗘ 10 ࠾ࡼࡧ 20°C ࡛ࡣ㸪㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 6 ᪥ࡲ࡛㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 0 ᪥ྠ⛬ᗘ࡛ ᥎⛣ࡋ㸪30 ࠾ࡼࡧ 35°C ࡛ࡣ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 4 ᪥ࡽቑຍࡋ࡚㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 0 ᪥ࢆୖᅇࡿഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓ㸬ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥྵ㔞ࡣ㸪㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 6 ᪥࡛ࡣ㏣⇍ ᗘ 10°C ࡀ 30°C ẚ࡚ከࡗࡓ㸦➨ 8 ᅗ㸧㸬㏣⇍ ᗘ 10°C ࡛ࡣ㸪㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 0 ᪥ẚ࡚㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 6 ᪥ࡲ࡛ྠ⛬ᗘࡑࢀ௨ୖ࡛ ᥎⛣ࡋࡓࡢᑐࡋ㸪20°C ࡛ࡣ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 4 ᪥ࡽ㸪30°C ࡛ࡣ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 3 ᪥ࡽ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 0 ᪥ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓ㸬35°C ࡛ࡣ㸪㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 3 ࠾ࡼࡧ 4 ᪥࡛㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 0 ᪥ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓࡀ㸪㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 5 ᪥࡛ࡣ✭ྠ⛬ᗘ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࢩࣗ࢘㓟ྵ㔞ࡣ㸪㏣⇍ ᗘ 10°C ࡀࡢ ᗘẚ࡚ከ ࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 6 ᪥ࡲ࡛㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 0 ᪥ẚ࡚ࡸࡸከࡃ᥎⛣ࡋࡓࡢᑐࡋ㸪20°C ௨ୖ࡛ࡣῶᑡഴྥ࡛᥎⛣ࡋ㸪20°C ࡛ࡣ✭ 4 ᪥ᚋࡽ㸪30°C ௨ୖ࡛ࡣ✭ 3 ᪥ᚋࡽ㏣ ⇍᪥ᩘ 0 ᪥ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓ㸬 ab 1.6 1.4 35Υ 30Υ 20Υ 10Υ 1.2 0 a 1.8 b 2 4 6 ࢩࣗ࢘㓟㸦mg㺃100mL-1 㸧 ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥ㸦mg㺃100mL-1 㸧 5.0 a a a 4.5 ab 4.0 ab b 3.5 b a b b 3.0 0 2 4 a 6 ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ ➨ 8 ᅗ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓࠾ࡅࡿཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ㏣⇍ ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧ㏣⇍᪥ᩘࡀ ᱵ㓇ࡢⱞࡳᡂศཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪㸦 2009 ᖺ㸧 b b 2.5 a ⦪Წ ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪ ࢆ♧ ࡍ㸦n = 2-3㸧 Tukey ࡢከ 㔜 ẚ㍑ ࡼࡾ㸪ྠ ୍㏣⇍᪥ᩘ ࡢ␗➢ྕ㛫 5㸣Ỉ ‽ ࡛᭷ពᕪ ࠶ࡾ ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥࡣ㏣ ⇍᪥ᩘ 6 ᪥ ࢆ㝖 ࠸࡚᭷ ពᕪ ࡞ࡋ 4䠊 䠊 ཎᩱᯝᐇ䛾㏣⇍୰䛾‵ᗘ䛾㐪䛔䛸ᱵ㓇䛾㤶Ẽ䛚䜘䜃ⱞ䜏ᡂศ䠄ヨ㦂 4䠅 į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡣ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 3 ࠾ࡼࡧ 4 ᪥࠾࠸࡚㸪60㸣༊ࡀ 90㸣༊ẚ࡚ከࡗࡓࡀ㸪 ࡑࡢࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศࡣ 60㸣༊ 90㸣༊ᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 9 ᅗ㸧㸬ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ ࢩࣗ࢘㓟ྵ㔞ࡣ㸪60㸣༊ 90㸣༊ᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 10 ᅗ㸧㸬 - 37 NS 500 60% 90% 㸦ȝg㺃L-1 㸧 400 NS NS NS 300 200 NS 100 NS NS NS * * 0 0᪥ 2᪥ 3᪥ 4᪥ 0᪥ 2᪥ 3᪥ 4᪥ 0᪥ 2᪥ 3᪥ 4᪥ 0᪥ 2᪥ 3᪥ 4᪥ 0᪥ 2᪥ 3᪥ 4᪥ ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ 㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ Ᏻᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝ ➨ ᅗ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓࠾ࡅࡿཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ㏣⇍୰ࡢ‵ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧ㏣⇍᪥ᩘࡀᱵ㓇ࡢ 㤶Ẽᡂศཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪㸦 2009 ᖺ㸧 ㏣ ⇍ ᗘ ࡣ 35°C ⦪ Წ ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪ ࢆ♧ ࡍ㸦 ✭ᚋ᪥ ᩘ 3 ࠾ࡼࡧ 4 ᪥ ࡣ n = 3㸪ࡑࡢ ࡣ n = 2㸧 ✭ᚋ᪥ ᩘ 3 ࠾ࡼࡧ 4 ᪥ ࡢ*ࡣ 5㸣Ỉ ‽࡛᭷ ពᕪ ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ㸪NS ࡣ᭷ ពᕪ ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ ♧ ࡍ(t ᳨ ᐃ ) 㸦mg㺃100mL-1㸧 NS 60% 0᪥ NS 2᪥ NS NS 3᪥ 4᪥ 90% 0᪥ 2᪥ 3᪥ ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥ ࢩࣗ࢘㓟 4᪥ ➨ 10 ᅗ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓࠾ࡅࡿཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ㏣⇍୰ࡢ‵ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧ㏣⇍ ᪥ᩘࡀᱵ㓇ࡢⱞࡳᡂศཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪㸦2009 ᖺ㸧 ㏣ ⇍ ᗘ ࡣ 35°C ⦪ Წ ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪ ࢆ♧ ࡍ㸦㏣ ⇍᪥ᩘ 3 ࠾ࡼࡧ 4 ᪥ ࡣ n = 3㸪ࡑࡢ ࡣ n = 2㸧 ✭ᚋ᪥ᩘ 3 ࠾ࡼࡧ 4 ᪥ ࡢ NS ࡣ᭷ ពᕪ ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ♧ ࡍ(t ᳨ ᐃ ) - 38 ⪃ ᐹ ࣓࢘ࡢ㏣⇍㐣⛬࡛ࡢෆᐜᡂศࡢኚ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᯝ⫗ࡢ᭷ᶵ㓟㸪⢾࠾ࡼࡧ࣌ࢡࢳࣥྵ㔞 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌㸦✄ⴥ࣭୰ᮧ㸪1981㸹㔝ࡽ㸪1984㸹ᑠᐑᒣࡽ㸪1985㸹ᐑᓮ㸪1983㸹எ㯮 ࡽ㸪1994a㸪b㸧ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡣ㏣⇍୰ᯝᐇࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟㸪ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥྵ㔞ࡀቑຍࡋ㸪 ᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋࡓሙྜࡣࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡀ㸪ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡸእほ࡛ရ㉁పୗࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ✭ᚋࡣ㏿ࡸὶ㏻㸪ຍᕤࡍࡿ᪉ࡀⰋ࠸ሗ࿌ࡋࡓ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2008㸧㸬ࡋࡋ㸪㏣⇍ࡀ 㣗㛵ಀࡍࡿᡂศ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌ࡣࡳ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪ᮏヨ㦂࡛ㄪᰝ ࡋࡓ㸬 㤶ࡾᡂศࡘ࠸࡚㸪⇍ࡋࡓᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡣࣇ࣮ࣝࢸ࣮࡞㤶Ẽࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ ヨ㦂࡛ࡑࡢⰾ㤶㛵ࡍࡿᡂศࡢ୍㒊ࡀ Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ࠾ ࡼࡧ㓑㓟ࣈࢳ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽⰾ㤶ᡂศࡘ࠸࡚㸪㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝࡣࣜࣥࢦ㸪ࣂ ࢼࢼ࡞㸦Mattheis ࡽ, 1991㸹Ueda ࡽ㸪1992㸧㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡣࢳࢦ͂ࡼࡢ̓㸦Noguchi ࡽ㸪2002㸧ከࡃᏑᅾࡍࡿ㤶Ẽᡂศࡋ࡚ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Hayata ࡽ㸦2003㸧ࡣ࣓ࣟ ࣥᯝᐇ࠾࠸࡚㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㸪㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝࢆࣈࢻ࢘ᵝࡢ㤶Ẽุ᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㢮 ࡣࣔࣔࡢ㤶ࡾࢆ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡿせ࡞㤶Ẽᡂศ࡛࠶ࡾ㸦Hovert ࡽ㸪1990㸹ୖ⏣㸪2002㸧㸪ᡂ⇍ ࡶቑຍࡋ㸪ⰾ㤶ࡢⓎ⌧ᐤࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ㸦Kakiuchi and Ohmiya㸪1991㸹Meredith ࡽ㸪1989㸧ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡣࢿࢡࢱࣜࣥ࠾࠸ ࡚ࡶᡂ⇍ࡶቑຍࡍࡿࡇ㸦Engel ࡽ㸪1988㸧㸪ࢳࢦ͂ࡼࡢ̓ࡢ㤶Ẽᐤࡍ ࡿᡂศ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ㸦Fukuhara ࡽ㸪2005㸧ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏヨ㦂࡛ࡢ㣗ホ౯࠾࠸࡚㸪 4 ࡲࡓࡣ 6 ᪥㏣⇍ࡋࡓ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡍࡿࡇ࡛ᱵ㓇ࡢ㤶ࡾࡢホⅬࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡽⰾ㤶 ᡂศࡀ㧗ࡲࡿᮇ୍⮴ࡋࡓࡇࡽ㸪㛵㐃ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᱵ㓇࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ཎᩱᯝ ᐇࢆ 20㹼35°C ࡛ಖᏑࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ࡇࢀࡽⰾ㤶ᡂศࡀቑຍࡋ㸪≉ 20㹼30°C ࡛ಖᏑࡍࡿ ࡁࡃቑຍࡍࡿࡀ㸪10°C ࡢప ࡛ࡣⰾ㤶ᡂศࡢቑຍ⛬ᗘࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡇ ࡽ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ㧗࠸ ᗘᇦ࡛ಖᏑࡍࡿ᪉ࡀⰾ㤶ᡂศࡢቑຍ⛬ᗘࡀࡁ࠸ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ࡛ࣔࣔࡣ 0°C ࡛㈓ⶶࡋࡓሙྜ࡛ࡶ㸪2 㐌㛫⛬ᗘࡣ Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦Robertson ࡽ㸪1990㸧㸪ᮏヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ␗࡞ࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ࢳࢦᯝᐇ࡛ࡣ 0㸪5 ࠾ࡼࡧ 10°C ࡛ಖᏑࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ࢳࢦᯝᐇࡢ㤶Ẽᐤࡍࡿ࢚ࢫࢸࣝ㢮ࡣ㸪㈓ⶶ୰ቑ ຍࡍࡿࡶࡢῶᑡࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝࡣቑຍࡋ㸪 ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ቑຍ⛬ᗘࡀࡁ ࠸ࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦Ayala-Zavala ࡽ㸪2004㸧㸪 ᗘᇦࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ప ࡛ࡣ㤶 ࡾᡂศࡢቑຍ⛬ᗘࡀᑠࡉ࠸Ⅼ࡛ᮏヨ㦂ࡢᱵ㓇࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝ୍⮴ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࣜࣥࢦ࠾࠸࡚㸪 ࢚ࢳࣞࣥࡢస⏝ࢆ㜼ᐖࡍࡿ 1-Methylcyclopropene㸦1-MCP㸧ࡢฎ⌮ࡸ 1-MCP ࢚ࢳࣞࣥࡢ ๓㥑≀㉁ࡢྜᡂࢆ㜼ᐖࡍࡿ Aminoethoxyvinylglycine ࡢే⏝ฎ⌮ࡣ㸪ప ㈓ⶶᚋࡢᯝᐇࡢ࢚ ࢫࢸࣝ㢮ࡢ⏕ᡂࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦Escalada and Archbold㸪2009㸹Ferenczi ࡽ㸪2006㸧㸪࢚ࢫࢸࣝ㢮ࡢቑຍࡣ࢚ࢳࣞࣥࡀ㛵ࡍࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡣ 20°C ࠾ࡼࡧ 30°C ẚ࡚ 10°C ࡛ࡣ࢚ࢳࣞࣥ⏕ᡂࡀᖜᑡ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ 㸦Ụࡽ㸪2007b㸧㸪࢚ࢳࣞࣥࡀ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ࢚ࢫࢸࣝ㢮ࡢ⏕ᡂ㛵ࡋ㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢ࢚ࢫࢸࣝ㢮 - 39 ࡢྵ㔞ࡶᙳ㡪ࡋࡓ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ⇍ᗘ㏣⇍᪥ᩘࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪✭┤ᚋₕࡅࡓሙྜ㸪㟷ᯝ✭⇍ᗘࡼࡾࡶ⇍ࡋ ࡓᯝᐇࡸ㏣⇍ࡋࡓᯝᐇࡢ᪉ࡀⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡣከࡗࡓ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪㟷ᯝ✭⇍ᗘࡢᯝᐇࢆ ཎᩱࡍࡿሙྜࡣ㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂศࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㟷ᯝ✭⇍ᗘࡼ ࡾࡶ⇍ࡋࡓᯝᐇࡢሙྜ㸪20°C ࡛ࡣ 4 ᪥௨ୖ㸪30°C ࡛ࡣ 3 ᪥௨ୖ㏣⇍ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ⰾ㤶ᡂศ ࡀࡁࡃቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓ㸬 ୍᪉㸪ᮏヨ㦂࡛ᮍ⇍࡞ᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢ㟷ࡗࡱ࠸㤶Ẽ㛵ࡍࡿᡂศࡢ୍ࡘࡣ㸪 Ᏻᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳุ᩿ࣝࡉࢀࡓ㸬Ᏻᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡣ 20°C ࡛ 5 ᪥௨ෆ㸪30 ࠾ࡼࡧ 35°C ࡛ 3 ᪥௨ෆࡢ㏣⇍࡛ࡣ㸪✭┤ᚋₕࡅࡓሙྜẚ࡚ྠ⛬ᗘࡑࢀ௨ୗ࡛᥎⛣ࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ ࡼࡾ㛗ࡃ㏣⇍ࡍࡿቑຍࡍࡿഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢸ࣮ឤࢆᦆ࡞ࢃ࡞࠸ ࡓࡵࡣ㸪20°C ࡛ࡣ 5 ᪥௨ෆ㸪30 ࠾ࡼࡧ 35°C ࡛ࡣ 3 ᪥௨ෆࡢ㏣⇍ᮇ㛫ࡀ㐺ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿุ ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬 㟷㓟㓄⢾యࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥࡣᱵ㓇ࡢⱞࡳ㛵ࡋ㸪ࡼࡾᮍ⇍࡞ᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ 㓇࡛ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥྵ㔞ࡀከ࠸ࡇ㸦Kaneko ࡽ㸪1998㸧㸪ᕷ㈍ᱵ㓇࡛ࡶࡑࡢྵ㔞ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ㸦ḷ⏣ࡽ㸪1997㸧ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㟷㓟㓄⢾యࡣ࣮ࣔࣥࢻࡢⱞࡳࡶ㛵 ࡍࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Dicenta ࡽ㸪2002㸧㸬࣓࢘ᯝᐇ࡛ࡣࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥࡣ✀ᏊᏑ ᅾࡋ㸪ᡂ⇍ࡶῶᑡࡍࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᆤ࣭ụ⏣㸪1994㸧㸬୍᪉㸪 ࢩࣗ࢘㓟ࡣᱵ㓇ࡢᛌ࡞ᚋࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ㸪ࡼࡾᮍ⇍࡞ᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇࡛ከࡃ㸪5 mg㺃100 mL -1 ⛬ᗘ࡛ⱞࡳࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦➉࣭⏣୰㸪1990㸧㸬ᮏヨ㦂࠾࠸࡚㸪20°C ࡛ 4 ᪥௨ୖ㸪30°C ࡛ 3 ᪥௨ୖ㏣⇍ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾᱵ㓇ࡢࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥ࠾ࡼࡧࢩࣗ࢘㓟ྵ㔞ࡀ ῶᑡࡍࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚㸪๓㏙ࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศࡶేࡏุ࡚᩿ࡍࡿ㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢ㣗 ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡣ㸪20°C ࡛ 4 ᪥ࡶࡋࡃࡣ 30°C ࡛ 3 ᪥㏣⇍ࡍࡿࡢࡀⰋ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ ࡇࡣ㸪㏣⇍ ᗘ 20°C ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࡢᐁ⬟ホ౯⤖ᯝࡶ୍⮴ࡋࡓ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡣ㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂศࡢ ୰࡛ࡶࣔࣔᵝࡢ㤶ࡾᐤࡍࡿࣛࢡࢺࣥ㢮≉╔┠ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᐁ⬟ホ౯ࡽ㸪50 μg㺃L -1 ௨ୖ࡛ࡣࡗࡁࡾ㸪200 μg㺃L -1 ௨ୖ࡛ࡣᙉࡃࣔࣔᵝࡢ㤶Ẽࡀឤࡌࡽࢀࡿุ᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᮏヨ㦂࡛㸪20°C ࡛ 4 ᪥ࡶࡋࡃࡣ 30°C ࡛ 3 ᪥㏣⇍ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪200 μg㺃L -1 ௨ୖࡲ࡛ቑຍࡋ ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᙉࡃࣔࣔᵝࡢ㤶Ẽࡀឤࡌࡽࢀࡿᱵ㓇ࢆ〇㐀ࡍࡿ᮲௳ࡋ࡚㐺ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀ ࡓ㸬ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Kaneko ࡽ㸦1998㸧ࡢሗ࿌࠾࠸࡚㸪1.56 mg㺃100 mL -1 ௨ୖ࡛ ⱞࡳࡢᐁ⬟ホ౯್ࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪ᮏヨ㦂࡛ࡣ 20°C ࡛ 4 ᪥ࡶࡋࡃࡣ 30°C ࡛ 3 ᪥㏣⇍ࡋࡓሙྜࡑ ࡢ್ࢆୗᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࢩࣗ࢘㓟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㟷ᯝ✭⤊ᮇ✭ࡋࡓࡓࡵ㏣⇍๓ࡢⅬ ࡛ 5 mg㺃100 mL -1 ࢆୗᅇࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࠶ࡲࡾᐁ⬟ホ౯ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࢩ ࣗ࢘㓟ࢆࡼࡾከࡃྵࡴ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓሙྜࡣ㸪ⱞࡳࡢపῶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ ࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪35°C ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㏣⇍୰ࡢ‵ᗘࡀ 60㸣௨ୖ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪 㤶Ẽᡂศࡸⱞࡳᡂศࡢ㔞‵ᗘࡣࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬 ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ✭ᮇࡸ㏣⇍᮲௳ࡼࡾ㸪ᱵ㓇ຍᕤရࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧ ⱞࡳᡂศࡀࡁࡃኚࢃࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᚑ᮶ࡢ㟷ᱵࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡣ␗࡞ࡗࡓⰾ㤶ᡂ - 40 ศࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪ࡲࡓ㟷ࡗࡱ࠸㤶Ẽᡂศࡸⱞࡳᡂศࢆᢚ࠼ࡓࣇ࣮ࣝࢸ࣮࡞ᱵ㓇ࢆ〇㐀ࡍࡿࡣ㸪 ࡼࡾ⇍ࡋࡓᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋ㸪20°C ࡛ 4 ᪥ࡶࡋࡃࡣ 30°C ࡛ 3 ᪥㏣⇍ࡉࡏ࡚ࡽຍᕤࡍࡿࡢࡀ Ⰻ࠸ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ➨ 䠎⠇㻌 䜴䝯䇺༡㧗䇻ᯝᐇ䛾╔ᯝ⨨䛾㐪䛔䛜ᱵ㓇ຍᕤရ䛾㤶Ẽᡂศ䛚䜘䜃ⱞ䜏ᡂศ䛻ཬ䜌䛩 ᙳ㡪 ⥴ゝ ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ╔ᯝ⨨ᡂ⇍ᮇ࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇရ㉁ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヲ⣽࡞ሗ࿌ࡣࡳ࠶ࡓ ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪➨ 2 ❶ 2 ⠇࡛ࡣ╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢᡂ⇍㸪ᯝ⫗ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ࠾ ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣእᒙࡢᯝᐇẚ࡚ 7 ᪥⛬ᗘᡂ⇍ࡀ㐜ࢀ㸪័⾜࠾ࡾ✭ᮇࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡿࡇࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢᯝᐇရ㉁ࢆᶞෙእᒙ ࡢᯝᐇྠ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ㏙ࡓ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡸᢠ 㓟⬟ࡣ㸪╔ᯝ⨨㛵ಀ࡞ࡃྠᵝῶᑡࡍࡿࡇࡽ㸪㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ࡢẚ㍑࡛ࡣ㸪 㐜ࡃ✭ࡉࢀࡿᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶపࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ➨ 2 ❶ 3 ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞✭᪉ἲࡀᱵ㓇ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄪᰝࡋ㸪ᯝᐇရ㉁ྠᵝ㸪 ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㐜ࡽࡏ࡚ᡂ⇍ᮇ✭ࡉࢀࡿ࠸ࡃࡘࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡀᨵ ၿࡉࢀ㸪ࡉࡽ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪✭ᮇࡢ㐜ᘏࡼࡗ࡚࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ ࣝྵ㔞ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ࡀእᒙᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶቑຍࡍࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸬 ୍᪉㸪ᮏ❶➨ 1 ⠇࡛͂༡㧗̓ࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢ≉ᚩ㤶ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋ㸪ⰾ㤶㛵ࡍ ࡿᡂศࡢ୍㒊ࡀ Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ㓑㓟ࣈࢳ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡾ㸪 㟷ࡗࡱ࠸㤶Ẽᡂศࡢ୍㒊ࡀᏳᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿሗ࿌ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢྵ㔞ࡣᯝᐇࡢ⇍ᗘ ࡼࡾኚࡍࡿࡇࡽ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇࡀண ࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀᱵ㓇ࡢ㣗ᡂศཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬 ᮦᩱ࠾ࡼࡧ᪉ἲ ➨ 2 ❶ 3 ⠇࡛ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ╔ᯝ⨨ูᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㣗ᡂศࢆ ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞࡢ┤๓ࢆϨᮇ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ㟷 ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࢆϩᮇ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࢆϫᮇ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀࡸࡸ㯤 Ⰽࡳࢆᖏࡧጞࡵࡿ㟷ᯝ✭⤊ᮇࢆϬᮇࡋ㸪ϩᮇϫᮇࡢ㛫Ϫᮇࢆタࡅ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ ᮇᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋ࡚ⱞࡳᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧ㤶Ẽᡂศࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ 2009 ᖺࡣϬᮇࡽ 3 ᪥ࡈ 1㹼2 ᅇᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋ㸪ϭᮇ㸪Ϯᮇ㸦ෆᒙᯝᐇࡢࡳ㸧ࡋ㸪㯤⇍ᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇 ࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศࡶㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ⱞࡳ㛵ࡍࡿᡂศࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ❶➨ 1 ⠇ྠᵝ㸪ࣉࣝࢼࢩ ࣥࡣᑎ⏣࣭ᒣᮏ㸦1992㸧ࡢศᯒ᪉ἲࡼࡾ㸪ࢩࣗ࢘㓟ࡣ Hata ࡽ㸦2006㸧ࡢ᪉ἲࢆཧ⪃㸪 - 41 HPLC ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬㤶Ẽᡂศࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ❶➨ 1 ⠇ྠᵝ㸪Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪į-ࢹ࢝ࣛ ࢡࢺࣥ㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㸪㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ࠾ࡼࡧᏳᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝࢆᑠᯘࡽ㸦2007㸧ࡢሗ࿌ࢆཧ⪃㸪 GC/MS㸦GC2010㸪᳨ฟჾ GSMS-QP2010㸪ᓥὠ〇సᡤ㸧࡛ෆ㒊ᶆ‽ἲࡼࡾ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 ⤖ ᯝ 2007㹼2010 ᖺࡢ 4 ᖺ㛫ㄪᰝࡋࡓࡀ㸪ᶞෙእᒙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇㛫ࡢ✭ᮇ ࡈࡢẚ㍑㛵ࡋ࡚㸪௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᖺࡋ࡚ⱞࡳᡂศࡣ 2010 ᖺ㸪㤶Ẽᡂศࡣ 2009 ᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ ࡢࡳࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ⱞࡳࢆ࿊ࡍࡿࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥࡢྵ㔞ࡣ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ᥇ྲྀᮇࡀ㐜࠸ࡶࡢᑡ࡞࠸ഴྥࢆ♧ ࡋ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇ࡀእᒙࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶከࡗࡓ㸦➨ 11 ᅗ㸧㸬ྠⱞࡳࡢཎᅉ ࡞ࡿࢩࣗ࢘㓟ࡢྵ㔞ࡣ㸪ϩᮇࡲ࡛ࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇ࡀእᒙࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶከࡃ㸪ࡑࢀ ௨㝆ࡣ୧⪅ࡁ࡞ᕪࡀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬୧╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇㛫࡛ ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥ࠾ࡼࡧࢩࣗ࢘㓟ྵ㔞ࡣᶞෙእᒙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇㛫ࡁ ࡞ᕪࡀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 16 ⾲㸧㸬 1.6 * ᶞෙእᒙ ᶞෙෆᒙ * 1.2 * * ** 0.8 0.4 0.0 ࢩࣗ࢘㓟㸦mg㺃100mL-1 㸧 ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥ㸦mg㺃100mL-1 㸧 7 ** 6 5 * NS ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ NS ** 4 3 2 1 0 Ϩᮇ ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ ϫᮇ Ϭᮇ Ϩᮇ ϫᮇ Ϭᮇ ᥇ྲྀᮇ ᥇ྲྀᮇ ➨ 11 ᅗ ╔ᯝ⨨᥇ྲྀᮇࡢ␗࡞ࡿ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥ ⃰ᗘ㸦ᕥ㸧࠾ࡼࡧࢩࣗ࢘㓟⃰ᗘ㸦ྑ㸧ࡢ┦㐪㸦2010 ᖺ㸧 ✭ᮇ㸪ᶞෙእᒙ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙ࠾ࡼࡧᅗ୰▮༳ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨ 4 ࠾ࡼࡧ 5 ᅗཧ↷ *㸪**ࡣ t ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚ 5 ࡲࡓࡣ 1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NS ࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ ⦪Წࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍ㸦n = 3㸧 - 42 ➨ 16 ⾲ ᖺḟ 2007 2008 2009 2010 z ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ࡢᶞෙእᒙ࠾ࡼࡧෆᒙ࠾ࡅࡿ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢ ᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥ࠾ࡼࡧࢩࣗ࢘㓟⃰ᗘ z -1 ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥ(mg㺃100 mL ) እᒙy ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶx 1.08 NS 1.29 1.35 1.50 NS 1.62 1.69 NS 0.98 1.05 NS ࢩࣗ࢘㓟(mg㺃100 mL-1) እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ 7.69 6.66 NS 7.20 6.37 * 5.88 5.72 NS 3.91 3.69 NS ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϩᮇ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϫᮇ᥇ྲྀ y እᒙࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇ㸪ෆᒙࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ♧ࡋ㸪 ヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨4ᅗཧ↷ x *ࡣt ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚5%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NSࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ ⰾ㤶ᡂศࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇࡛ࡣϬᮇ௨㝆㸪Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡ ࢺࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝྵ㔞ࡀ㢧ⴭከࡗࡓࡢᑐࡋ㸪ෆᒙࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡣϬᮇ ௨㝆ࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࡶᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀࡎ㸪Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥྵ㔞ࡶእᒙ ࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶᑡ࡞࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 12 ᅗ㸧㸬㟷ࡗࡱ࠸㤶ẼᡂศࡢᏳᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝྵ㔞ࡣ㸪 ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ᥇ྲྀᮇࡀ㐜࠸ᑡ࡞࠸ഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇ࡀእᒙࡢࡶࡢࡼ ࡾࡶከ࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬୧╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ ࡇࢁ㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇ࡀෆᒙࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶࡸࡸከࡃ㸪 Ᏻᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡣࡁ࡞ᕪࡀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 17 ⾲㸧㸬 - 43 Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 ᶞෙእᒙ 150 ᶞෙෆᒙ * NS 100 50 NS * NS NS 㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 30 * ** 20 10 NS NS NS NS 0 20 NS 15 80 ** 60 * 40 20 * * * NS 0 Ᏻᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 0 NS NS NS NS NS 10 5 0 Ϩ ᮇ ϩ ᮇ Ϫ ᮇ ϫ ᮇ Ϭ ᮇ ϭᮇ Ϯ ᮇ 350 ** 300 250 200 NS * * * NS 150 100 50 0 Ϩᮇ ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ ϫᮇ Ϭᮇ ϭᮇ Ϯᮇ ᥇ྲྀᮇ ᥇ྲྀᮇ ➨ ᅗ ╔ᯝ⨨᥇ྲྀᮇࡢ␗࡞ࡿ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ྵࡲࢀࡿ㤶Ẽ ᡂศ⃰ᗘࡢ┦㐪㸦2009 ᖺ㸧 ➨ 1 ᅗྠᵝϨ㹼Ϭᮇᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡍࡿࡶ㸪Ϭᮇ௨ᚋ 3 ᪥ࡈ 1㹼2 ᅇᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋ࡚ ϭ࠾ࡼࡧϮᮇࡋࡓ Ϩ㸪ϩ㸪Ϫ㸪ϫ㸪Ϭ㸪ϭ࠾ࡼࡧϮᮇ㸦Ϯᮇࡣෆᒙᯝᐇࡢࡳ㸧ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪6 ᭶ 7 ᪥㸪10 ᪥㸪13 ᪥㸪 16 ᪥㸪19 ᪥㸪22 ᪥࠾ࡼࡧ 25 ᪥ ᶞෙእᒙ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙ࠾ࡼࡧᅗ୰▮༳ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨ 4 ᅗཧ↷ *㸪**ࡣ t ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚ 5 ࡲࡓࡣ 1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NS ࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ ⦪Წࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍ㸦n = 3㸧 - 44 ➨ 17 ⾲ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ࡢᶞෙእᒙ࠾ࡼࡧෆᒙ࠾ࡅࡿ㟷ᯝ ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศ⃰ᗘ z y ᶞෙෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶx 6 0 9 3 13 14 8 9 NS NS * 165 176 ᶞෙእᒙ -1 Ȗ㺎ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥȝJ㺃L ) į㺎ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥȝJ㺃L-1) -1 㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝȝJ㺃L ) 㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝȝJ㺃L-1) -1 Ᏻᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝȝJ㺃L ) z * NS ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϩᮇ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡣϫᮇ᥇ྲྀ y እᒙࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇ㸪ෆᒙࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ♧ࡋ㸪 ヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨4ᅗཧ↷ x *ࡣt ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚5%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NSࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ ⪃ ᐹ ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ╔ᯝ⨨ᡂ⇍ᮇ࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇရ㉁ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヲ⣽࡞ሗ࿌ࡣࡳ࠶ࡓ ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪➨ 2 ❶ 2 ⠇࡛ࡣ╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢᡂ⇍㸪ᯝ⫗ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ࠾ ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ㸪➨ 2 ❶ 3 ⠇࡛╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀᱵ㓇ရ㉁ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆㄪ ᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀᱵ㓇ࡢ㣗ᡂศཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬 㣗ᡂศࡘ࠸࡚㸪㟷㓟㓄⢾యࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥࡣᱵ㓇ࡢⱞࡳ㛵ࡋ㸪ࡼࡾᮍ ⇍࡞ᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇࡛ྵ㔞ࡀከ࠸ࡇ㸦Kaneko ࡽ㸪1998㸧㸪✀ᏊᏑᅾࡋ㸪ᡂ⇍ ࡶῶᑡࡍࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡍࡇ㸦ᆤ࣭ụ⏣㸪1994㸧ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏヨ㦂࠾࠸࡚ ࡶཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ✭ᮇࡀ㐜࠸㸪〇㐀ࡉࢀࡓᱵ㓇ࡢࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥྵ㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥྵ㔞ࡣྠ᪥࡛ࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡣእᒙ ࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡼࡾࡶከࡃ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ ࡽ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ✭ᮇࢆእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶ㐜ࡽࡏࡿࡇࡣ㸪ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥࡼࡿⱞ ࡳࡢపῶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢩࣗ࢘㓟ࡶᱵ㓇ࡢⱞࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ㸪ᡂ⇍ࡶ ῶᑡࡍࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦➉࣭⏣୰㸪1990㸧㸬ᮏヨ㦂࡛㸪ϩᮇࡲ࡛ ࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡣእᒙࡢࡶࡢẚ࡚ࢩࣗ࢘㓟ྵ㔞ࡀከࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡒ ࢀࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿᕪࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪Ϫᮇ௨ᚋࡢཎᩱᯝᐇࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡓሙྜࡣࡰྠࡌྵ㔞࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪⌧⾜ࡢẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜ࡞ࡼࡿ㟷ᯝ✭㛤 ጞᮇࡢᣦᶆ࡛✭ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࢩࣗ࢘㓟ࡼࡿⱞࡳࡣ㟷ᯝ✭ᮇ㛫୰㸪╔ᯝ⨨ࡼࡽࡎ࠶ࡲ ࡾᕪࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪㣗ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀᑠࡉ࠸᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ᕷሙὶ㏻⏝ᯝᐇࡣ㟷ࡃ࡚ሀ࠸ᯝᐇࡀ㑅ูࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪㏻ᖖᶞෙእᒙ࠾ࡼࡧෆᒙࡢᯝᐇ ࡶϬᮇࡲ࡛✭ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㏆ᖺ㸪㟷ࡗࡱ࠸㤶ࡾࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢸ࣮࡞ᱵ㓇ࡢ ཎᩱࡋ࡚㯤⇍ࡋࡓᯝᐇࡀ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸪2009 ᖺࡣࡉࡽϬ ᮇࡼࡾࡶᚋࡢ㯤⇍ᮇ 1㹼2 ᅇᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋ࡚㤶Ẽᡂศࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ㸬ᮏ❶➨ 1 ⠇࡛ᮍ⇍࡞ᯝ ᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢ㟷ࡗࡱ࠸㤶ẼᏳᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡀ㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌ࡋ㸪ᮏヨ㦂࡛Ᏻᜥ - 45 㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡣྠ᪥࡛ࡣᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡀእᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡼࡾࡶከ ࡃ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ✭ ᮇࢆእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶ㐜ࡽࡏࡿࡇࡣ㸪Ᏻᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡼࡿ㟷ࡗࡱ࠸㤶Ẽࡢపῶࡘ࡞ࡀ ࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪ᮏ❶ 1 ⠇࡛ⰾ㤶ᡂศࡢ୍㒊ࡀ Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪 㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ㓑㓟ࣈࢳ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿሗ࿌ࡋࡓ㸬ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㢮ࡣࣔࣔࡸࢿࢡࢱࣜࣥࡢせ࡞ 㤶Ẽᡂศ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᡂ⇍ࡶቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Engel ࡽ㸪1988㸹Kakiuchi and Ohmiya㸪1991㸹Meredith ࡽ㸪1989㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡽሗ࿌ྠᵝ㸪ᱵ㓇ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᶞෙእᒙ ࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜ㸪㯤⇍ᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡍࡿ㸪Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺ ࣥࡀᖜቑຍࡋ㸪ຍ࠼࡚㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡶᖜቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ᶞෙ ෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜ㸪Ϯᮇ㸦㟷ᯝ✭⤊ᮇࡢ 6 ᪥⛬ᗘᚋ㸧᥇ྲྀࡋ࡚ࡶ㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝྵ 㔞ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥྵ㔞ࡶϬᮇࡢእᒙࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶᑡ࡞࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡇࡽ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇ࡣእᒙࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶࣇ࣮ࣝࢸ࣮࡞ⰾ㤶ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ุ᩿ ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆඛ✭ࡍࡿ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ⏕㛗ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀ㸪 㣴ศࡢศ㓄ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇࡶணࡉࢀ㸪ᚋ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆඛ✭ࡋࡓᚋࡢᶞෙෆᒙ ࡢᯝᐇရ㉁࠾ࡼࡧᱵ㓇ຍᕤရရ㉁ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㐜ࡽࡏ࡚ᡂ⇍ᮇ✭ࡉࢀࡿ㣗ᡂศ ࡀᨵၿࡉࢀࡓ㸬✭ᮇࢆ㐜ࡽࡏ㸪Ϭᮇ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡢ࣓࢘ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࣇ࣮ࣝࢸ࣮࡞ ᱵ㓇ࢆసࡿሙྜ࡛ࡣ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇ࡛ࡣࡑࢀ㛵㐃ࡋࡓⰾ㤶ࡣᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇ㧗ࡲ ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ➨ 䠏⠇㻌 㻌 㧗䛔ⰾ㤶ᡂศ䜢᭷䛩䜛ᱵ㓇〇㐀䛾䛯䜑䛾䜴䝯䇺༡㧗䇻ᯝᐇ䛾⇍ᗘᣦᶆ ⥴ゝ ➹⪅ࡽࡣᮏ❶➨ 1 ⠇࡛㸪͂༡㧗̓ࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇≉ᚩⓗ࡞㤶Ẽᡂศࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࡑ ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂศࡢ୍㒊ࡀ㸪Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸦ࣔࣔᵝ㸧㸪į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸦ࣔࣔᵝ㸧㸪㓗 㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㸦ࣃࣥᵝ㸧࠾ࡼࡧ㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ㸦ࣜࣥࢦᵝ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪 ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ✭ᮇࡸ㏣⇍᮲௳ࡼࡾᱵ㓇ຍᕤရࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศࡀࡁࡃኚࢃࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ ࡓ㸬ࡢᯝᶞ࡛ࡣ᱂ᇵせᅉࡀⰾ㤶ᡂศ㔞ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ 㸦Mattheis ࡽ㸪1991㸧㸪͂༡㧗̓ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᅬᆅ᮲௳ࡼࡾ㤶Ẽᡂศ㔞㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ ࡀணࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢸ࣮࡞ᱵ㓇ࢆᏳᐃⓗ〇㐀ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣⰾ㤶ᡂศࡀከ࠸ ཎᩱᯝᐇࢆุᐃࡍࡿᐈほⓗ࡞ᣦᶆࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㛤ⰼᮇ࠾ࡼࡧ✭ᮇࡀ␗࡞ࡿᆅᇦ࡛᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇࡢᙧ㉁ࡑࢀࡽ ࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄪᰝࡋ㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡢᣦᶆ࡞ࡿᯝᐇᙧ㉁ࢆ ᫂ࡽࡋࡼ࠺ࡋࡓ㸬 - 46 ᮦ ᩱ䛚䜘䜃᪉ἲ 1㸬᥇ྲྀᆅᇦ࠾ࡼࡧᮇࡢ␗࡞ࡿཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᙧ㉁ᱵ㓇ࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศ㸦ヨ㦂 1㸧 2008 ࠾ࡼࡧ 2009 ᖺ㸪ḷᒣ┴ࡳ࡞⏫ࡢἢᓊ㒊ࡽᒣ㛫㒊ࡅ࡚ࡢ A㹼F ࡢ 6 ᆅ ᇦ㸦D ᆅᇦࡣ 2008 ᖺࡢࡳ㸧᳜᱂ࡉࢀࡓ͂༡㧗̓ᡂᮌ㸦ྛᆅᇦ 1㹼3 ᅬ㸪ྛᅬ 1 ᶞ㸧ࡘ ࠸࡚㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ᖺ✭ᮇࡣ ᬮ࡞ᆅᇦ࡛᪩ࡃ㸪✭ᮇࡀ ᪩࠸ᆅᇦࡽ㡰 A㹼F ᆅᇦࡋࡓ㸬⌧⾜ࡢ✭ᇶ‽࡛࠶ࡿⰍࡘࡸ㸪ẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜ࡞ ࡢᯝᐇእほ࠾ࡼࡧ⇍ⴠᯝࡢ≧ἣࢆࡶ㸪㟷ᯝ✭┒ᮇ㸪㟷ᯝ✭⤊ᮇ㸪⇍ⴠᯝጞᮇ ࠾ࡼࡧ⇍ⴠᯝ┒ᮇࢆุ᩿ࡋ㸪㟷ᯝ✭┒ᮇࡽ⇍ⴠᯝ⤊ᮇࡢ㛫 2㹼9 ᅇ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸦➨ 18 ⾲㸧㸬㟷ᯝ✭┒ᮇࢆϨᮇ㸪㟷ᯝ✭⤊ᮇࢆϪᮇ㸪⇍ⴠᯝ㛤ጞᮇࢆϫᮇ㸪⇍ⴠᯝ┒ ᮇࢆϭᮇࡋࡓ㸬ϨᮇϪᮇ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢ୰㛫ࡢᮇϩᮇࢆ㸪ϫᮇϭᮇࡢ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢ୰ 㛫ࡢᮇϬᮇࢆタࡅ㸪୍㒊ࡢᅬᆅ࡛ࡣϭᮇࡽ 2㹼4 ᪥ࡈ 2㹼3 ᅇᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋ㸪Ϯ ᮇ㸪ϯᮇ࠾ࡼࡧϰᮇࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪2009 ᖺࡣϩᮇ௨㝆ᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸬ᯝᐇࡣ┤ᑕ᪥ග ࡀᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸㒊ࡢᖹᆒⓗ࡞ࡁࡉࡢࡶࡢࢆ 1 ᅇࡘࡁ㸪2008 ᖺࡣ 2 kg ⛬ᗘ㸪2009 ᖺࡣ 4 kg ⛬ᗘ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸬᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇࡢ࠺ࡕ 10 ᯝࡘ࠸࡚㸪⇍ᗘᣦᶆ࡞ࡿᙧ㉁ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ ࠺࠼࡛㸪750 g ⛬ᗘࢆᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋࡓ㸬ᯝᐇᙧ㉁ࡢㄪᰝ㡯┠ࡣ⌧⾜ࡢ✭ᣦᶆࡢ 1 ࡘ࡛࠶ ࡿẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜຍ࠼㸪ᯝᐇ㔜㸪ᯝᚄᣦᩘ㸦⦪ᚄ㸭ᶓᚄ㸧㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘ ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬➨ 2 ❶ 1 ⠇ྠᵝ㸪Ⰽᕪィ࡛㉥㐨㒊ࡢᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ࢆ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ࡛ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ຍᕤ᪉ἲࡣ࣓࢘ᯝᐇ 1 kg ᑐࡋ࡚ 35㸣ᯝᐇ㓇⏝ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ㸦࣍࣡ࢺࣜ࢝ ࣮㸧1.8 L㸪ୖⓑ⢾ 0.5 kg ࡢྜ࡛㸪෭ᬯᡤ࡚ 6 ᭶㛫ₕࡅ㎸ࢇࡔ㸬ₕࡅ㎸ࡳ⤊ᚋ㸪 z ➨ 18 ⾲ ྛᖺḟ࠾ࡼࡧᅬᆅࡢᱵ㓇ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ᥇ྲྀ᪥㸦᭶㸭᪥㸧 ᖺḟ ᅬᆅ 2008 A B C No.1 C No.2 D E F 2009 A B C No.1 C No.2 E F No.1 F No.2 F No.3 㟷ᯝ✭ᮇ ] Ϩᮇ ϩᮇ Ϫᮇ 6/6 6/9 6/13 6/13 6/16 6/22 6/13 6/19 6/18 6/23 6/26 6/18 6/26 7/1 6/24 6/4 6/11 6/15 6/15 6/17 6/17 6/20 6/17 6/22 6/19 6/22 6/22 6/24 6/22 6/26 ϫᮇ 6/17 6/24 6/22 6/26 7/1 6/30 7/3 6/7 6/18 6/20 6/23 6/24 6/24 6/28 6/30 Ϭᮇ 6/26 6/27 ⇍ⴠᯝᮇ ϭᮇ Ϯᮇ 6/28 6/30 ϯᮇ ϰᮇ 7/3 7/7 7/3 7/7 7/10 6/20 6/22 6/22 6/24 6/26 6/28 6/26 6/28 6/30 7/2 㟷ᯝ✭┒ᮇࢆϨᮇ㸪㟷ᯝ✭⤊ᮇࢆϪᮇ㸪⇍ⴠୗ㛤ጞᮇࢆϫᮇ㸪⇍ⴠୗ┒ᮇࢆ ϭᮇࡋࡓ㸬⇍ⴠୗ⤊ᮇࢆϰᮇࡋࡓ㸬ϨᮇϪᮇࡢ㛫ϩᮇࢆ㸪ϫᮇϭᮇࡢ㛫 Ϭᮇࢆタࡅ㸪୍㒊ࡢᅬᆅ࡛ࡣϭᮇࡽ2㹼3ᅇᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋ㸪Ϯᮇ㸪ϯᮇ࠾ࡼࡧϰᮇࡋࡓ㸬 z - 47 㤶ᡂᮏ❶➨ 1 ⠇ྠᵝ GC/MS㸦GC-2010㸪᳨ฟჾ GSMS-QP2010㸪ᓥὠ〇సᡤ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ ࡚㸪ⰾศࡢศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ᮏヨ㦂࡛ࡣྠ✀㢮ࡢ㤶Ẽ࡛࠶ࡿ Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ į-ࢹ࢝ ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡣྜィࡋ㸪⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡋ࡚⾲ࡋࡓ㸬 㸬 ㏣⇍ࡋࡓཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᙧ㉁ᱵ㓇ࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศ㸦ヨ㦂 2㸧 2㸬 ヨ㦂 1 ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆཷࡅ࡚㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡀᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚㸪 ㏣⇍ࡋࡓᯝᐇࡶ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡢ☜ㄆࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪2009 ᖺ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪 ṧࡾࡢᯝᐇࢆฟⲴ⏝ẁ࣮࣎ࣝ⟽ධࢀ࡚ 20°C㸦ᖹᆒ‵ᗘ 87㸣㸧࡛㏣⇍ࡋ㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘࢆẁ㝵ⓗኚࡉࡏ㸪᥇ྲྀ᪥ࡼࡾ 2 ᪥ࡈ㸦᥇ྲྀᚋ 0㸪2㸪4 ࠾ࡼࡧ 6 ᪥㸧 10 ᯝࡢᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘࢆヨ㦂 1 ྠᵝㄪᰝࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪500 g ⛬ᗘࢆᱵ㓇 ຍᕤࡋࡓ㸬ₕࡅ㎸ࡳᚋヨ㦂 1 ྠᵝⰾ㤶ᡂศࢆ ᐃࡋ㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘ ࡢ┦㛵ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬 ⤖ᯝ 1㸬᥇ྲྀᆅᇦ࠾ࡼࡧᮇࡢ␗࡞ࡿཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᙧ㉁ᱵ㓇ࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศ㸦ヨ㦂 1㸧 2008 ࠾ࡼࡧ 2009 ᖺࡶ㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡣ㸪ϩᮇࡲ࡛᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇 ࡛ᑡ࡞ࡃ㸦ࢹ࣮ࢱ␎㸧㸪Ϫᮇ௨ᚋ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ከ࠸ഴྥࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦➨ 13 ᅗ㸧㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ᖺ࠾ࡼࡧᆅᇦࡼࡾⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡿᮇࡀ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪 2008 ᖺ⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝྵ㔞ࡢࡍ࡚ࡀ 50 μg㺃L -1 ௨ୖ ࡞ࡿᮇ㸦⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺ࡛ࣥࡣ㸪ࡣࡗࡁࡾ㤶Ẽࡀឤࡌࡽࢀࡿ┠Ᏻ㸧ࡣ㸪C㸪D ࠾ࡼࡧ F ᆅᇦ࡛ࡣϪᮇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡢࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࡣϫᮇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬2009 ᖺࡇࢀࡽⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞 ࡀ 50 μg㺃L -1 ௨ୖ࡞ࡿᮇࡣ E ᆅᇦ࡛ࡣϪᮇ㸪B㸪F ࠾ࡼࡧ C ᆅᇦࡢ 1 ᅬ࡛ࡣϫᮇ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓࡀ㸪㸿ᆅᇦ࠾ࡼࡧ C ᆅᇦࡢ 1 ᅬ࡛ࡣϫᮇ࡛ࡶ㸪50 μg㺃L -1 ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪Ϫᮇ࠾ ࡼࡧϫᮇࡢྠࡌ✭⇍ᗘ࡛ẚࡿ㸪✭ᮇࡢ㐜࠸ᅬᆅ࡛ⰾ㤶ᡂศࡀከ࠸ഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀ ࡓ㸬 ḟ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᙧ㉁ᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ྛ㤶Ẽᡂศྵ 㔞ࡶ㸪ᯝᐇ㔜ࡸᯝᚄᣦᩘࡢ㛫ࡣ 2009 ᖺࡣ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ẟࡌࡢᢤࡅ ලྜ㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡢ㛫ࡣ୧ᖺࡶᙉ࠸┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦➨ 19 ⾲㸧㸬≉㸪ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡢ㛫ࡣ㸪r = -0.511㹼-0.684㸦p < 0.01㸧ࡢᙉ࠸㈇ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆ ࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸬ⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞┦㛵㛵ಀࡀᙉࡗࡓࡇࢀࡽᙧ㉁ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ ◳ᗘࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽ࡳࡿ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ࡀ 34.5 ᮍ‶ࡢᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪ྛⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞 ࡶ 2008 ᖺࡣ 50 μg㺃L -1 ᮍ‶㸪2009 ᖺࡣ 100 μg㺃L -1 ᮍ‶࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 14 ᅗ㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ཎ ᩱᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘࡀ 0.98 kg ࡼࡾࡁ࠸ᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪1 ヨᩱࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪ྛⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡶ 2008 ᖺࡣ 50 μg㺃L -1 ᮍ‶㸪2009 ᖺࡣ 100 μg㺃L -1 ᮍ‶࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 15 ᅗ㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡽ 2 ࡘࡢᩘ್ࢆᣦᶆ ࡋ࡚㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ࡀ 34.5 ௨ୖࡘᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡀ 0.98 kg ௨ୗࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇㸦௨ - 48 Ϫᮇ 250 2008ᖺ ⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ 250 200 200 㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ 150 ȝJ䡡L-1 -1 㸦ȝJ㺃L ȝJ䡡L-1 㸧 2009ᖺ 㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ 100 50 150 100 50 0 0 No.1 No.2 No.1 No.2 A B C D E F A B C No.1 No.2 No.3 E F ϫᮇ 700 2008ᖺ 600 2009ᖺ 600 500 500 400 400 ȝJ䡡L-1 ȝJ䡡L-1 -1㸧 㸦ȝJ㺃L 700 300 300 200 200 100 100 0 0 No.1 No.2 A B C No.1 No.2 D E F A B C No.1 No.2 No.3 E F ➨ 13 ᅗ ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ᥇ྲྀᅬᆅ࠾ࡼࡧ᥇ྲྀᮇࡢ㐪࠸ᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞 ➨ 19 ⾲ ⥲ ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡣ㸪Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡢྜ ィ Ϫᮇ ࠾ࡼࡧϫᮇ 㸪A㹼F ࡣ➨ 18 ⾲ཧ↷ ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᙧ㉁ᱵ㓇୰ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘ z ᯝᐇ㔜(g) ᯝᚄᣦᩘ㸦⦪ᚄᶓᚄ㸧 ẟࡌᢤࡅලྜ㸣 ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b*್ ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ(kg)x ᖺ 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 Ⅼᩘ n = 57 n = 34 n = 54 n = 34 n = 58 n = 32 n = 58 n = 34 n = 58 n = 33 ⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ] 0.368 **y -0.106 NS -0.505 *** -0.132 NS 0.586 *** 0.427 * 0.664 *** 0.403 * -0.665 *** -0.548 ** z 㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ 0.364 ** -0.074 NS -0.477 *** -0.144 NS 0.456 *** 0.416 * 0.753 *** 0.497 ** -0.521 *** -0.556 *** ⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡣȚ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥț-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡢྜィ *㸪**㸪***ࡣ5㸪1ࡲࡓࡣ0.1%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡇ㸪NSࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠸ࡇࢆ♧ࡍ x ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡣᐃ῝ᗘ ᐃࡼࡿ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್㸦ࣉࣛࣥࢪ࣮ࣕ┤ᚄ5 mm㸪ධ1 mm㸧 y - 49 㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ 0.291 * -0.071 NS -0.451 *** -0.214 NS 0.529 *** 0.413 * 0.672 *** 0.448 ** -0.684 *** -0.511 ** ⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 350 r = 0.664 䠄p < 0.001䠅 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 25 30 35 40 45 r = 0.753 㸦p < 0.001㸧 350 25 30 35 40 45 r = 0.497 (p = 0.003) 500 300 400 250 300 200 150 200 100 100 50 0 0 25 㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 r = 0.403 (p = 0.011) 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 30 35 40 45 r = 0.572 㸦p < 0.001㸧 500 25 35 40 45 r = 0.448 (p = 0.008) 700 400 30 600 500 300 400 200 300 200 100 100 0 0 25 30 35 40 45 25 30 35 40 ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b*್ ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b*್ 2008 ᖺ 2009 ᖺ 45 ➨ 14 ᅗ ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡢ㛵ಀ㸦᥇ྲྀ┤ᚋࡢ ᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓሙྜ㸧 Ⅼ ⥺ ࡣᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ 34.5 ࢆ♧ ࡍ ⥲ ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡣ㸪Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡢྜ ィ 2008 ᖺ ࡣ n = 58㸪2009 ᖺ ࡣ n = 33-34 - 50 ⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 350 r = -0.665 䠄p < 0.001䠅 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0.0 0.5 㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 350 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 r = -0.521 㸦p < 0.001㸧 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 r = -0.556 (p < 0.001) 500 300 400 250 300 200 150 200 100 100 50 0 0 0.0 㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 r = -0.548 (p = 0.001) 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0.5 500 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 r = -0.584 (p < 0.001䠅 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 r = -0.511 㸦p = 0.002㸧 700 600 400 500 300 400 300 200 200 100 100 0 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ(kg) ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ(kg) 2008 ᖺ 2009 ᖺ 2.5 ➨ 15 ᅗ ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᯝᐇ◳ᗘᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡢ㛵ಀ㸦᥇ྲྀ┤ᚋࡢ ᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓሙྜ㸧 Ⅼ⥺ ࡣᯝᐇ◳ᗘ 0.98 kg ࢆ♧ ࡍ ⥲ ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡣ㸪Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡢྜ ィ 2008 ᖺ ࡣ n = 58㸪2009 ᖺ ࡣ n = 33-34 - 51 ୗᣦᶆ㐺ྜ༊㸧ࢆ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢࡶࡢ㸦௨ୗᣦᶆ㐺ྜ༊㸧ⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡇ ࢁ㸪๓⪅ࡣᚋ⪅ẚ࡚㸪2008 ᖺࡢ⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡀ 9.9 ಸ㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡀ 4.1 ಸ㸪㓑㓟 ࣈࢳࣝࡀ 43.1 ಸ㸪2009 ᖺࡢ⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡀ 4.0 ಸ㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡀ 3.7 ಸ㸪㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝࡀ 7.0 ಸ࡛࠶ࡾ᭷ពከࡗࡓ㸦➨ 16 ᅗ㸧㸬 㸬 ㏣⇍ࡋࡓཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᙧ㉁ᱵ㓇ࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศ㸦ヨ㦂 2㸧 2㸬 ㏣⇍᪥ᩘࡢ␗࡞ࡿᯝᐇࡢᙧ㉁⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝྵ㔞ࡢ 㛵ಀࢆヨ㦂 1 ྠᵝㄪᰝࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ྛⰾ㤶ᡂศ㔞ࡶ㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ࡢ㛫 r = 0.652 㹼0.809㸦p < 0.001㸧㸪ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡢ㛫 r = -0.758㹼-0.864㸦p < 0.001㸧ࡢᙉ࠸┦㛵㛵ಀࡀ ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦➨ 17 ᅗ㸧㸬 200 2008 ᖺ ᣦᶆ㐺ྜ ᣦᶆ㐺ྜ *** 150 ȝJ䡡L-1 *** *** 100 50 0 300 2009 ᖺ 250 ⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ 㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ *** *** 㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ ** ȝJ䡡L-1 200 150 100 50 0 ⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ 㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ 㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ ➨ 16 ᅗ ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘࢆᣦᶆࡋ࡚༊ศࡋࡓሙྜࡢᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶 ᡂศྵ㔞ࡢẚ㍑ ᣦᶆ ࡣᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ ࡀ 34.5 ௨ୖ ࡘᯝ ᐇ◳ᗘ ࡀ 0.98 kg ௨ୗ 2008 ᖺ ࡣᣦᶆ㐺ྜ ࡀ n = 34㸪ᣦ ᶆ㐺ྜ ࡀ n = 24㸪2009 ᖺ ࡣᣦᶆ㐺ྜ ࡀ n = 20㸪ᣦᶆ 㐺ྜ ࡀ n = 14 㸪ࣂ࣮ࡣ SE ࢆ♧ ࡍ ⥲ ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡣ㸪Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡢྜ ィ **㸪 ***ࡣ t ᳨ ᐃ ࡼࡗ࡚ 1 ࡲࡓࡣ 0.1㸣Ỉ‽ ࡛᭷ពᕪ ࠶ࡾ - 52 ⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 r = 0.809 (p < 0.001) 1,600 1,600 1,400 1,400 1,200 1,200 1,000 1,000 800 800 600 600 400 400 200 200 0 0 25 㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 35 40 45 50 0.0 55 500 400 400 300 300 200 200 100 100 0 0 30 35 40 45 50 25 30 35 40 45 1.0 0.5 1.0 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 50 55 ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 r = -0.806 䠄p < 0.001䠅 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ(kg) ㏣⇍᪥ᩘࡢ␗࡞ࡿᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓሙྜࡢᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ࡼࡧ ᯝᐇ◳ᗘᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡢ㛵ಀ㸦 2009 ᖺ㸪 n = 67㸧 ⥲ ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡣ㸪Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡢྜ ィ - 53 2.5 r = -0.758 (p < 0.001) 0.0 55 r = 0.736 䠄p < 0.001䠅 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 0.5 600 500 25 㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ㸦ȝJ㺃L-1 㸧 30 r = 0.652 (p < 0.001) 600 ➨ 17 ᅗ r = -0.864 (p < 0.001) 2.5 ⪃ ᐹ ᮏ❶➨ 1 ⠇࡛➹⪅ࡽࡣ㸪⇍ࡋࡓᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศࡢ୍㒊ࡀ Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺ ࣥ㸪į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ㓑㓟ࣈࢳ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡋ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ✭ᮇ ࡸ㏣⇍ࡼࡾࡑࡢྵ㔞ࡀࡁࡃኚࢃࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂศࢆ㧗ࡵ㸪㟷ࡗ ࡱ࠸㤶Ẽᡂศࡸⱞࡳᡂศࢆᢚ࠼ࡓࣇ࣮ࣝࢸ࣮࡞ᱵ㓇ࢆ〇㐀ࡍࡿࡣ㸪ࡼࡾ⇍ࡋࡓᯝᐇࢆ ᥇ྲྀࡋ㸪20°C ࡛ 4 ᪥ࡶࡋࡃࡣ 30°C ࡛ 3 ᪥㏣⇍ࡉࡏ࡚ࡽຍᕤࡍࡿࡢࡀⰋ࠸⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡓ㸬 ࡉࡽ㸪㟷ᯝ✭⇍ᗘࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡍࡿሙྜࡣ㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡀቑຍࡍࡿ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡇࡽ㸪㏣⇍࡛ⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࢆከࡃࡍࡿࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪࡞ࡿࡃ⇍ᗘࡀ㐍ࢇࡔ ᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ᪉ࡀࡼ࠸ࡋࡓ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡿ⇍ᗘࡢᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᣦᶆࡸⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࢆከࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞㏣⇍ᮇ㛫ࢆ♧ࡍᣦᶆࡀ᫂ࡽ࡛࡞ ࠸ࡇࡽ㸪ᮏሗ࡛ࡣᐈほⓗ࡞ᣦᶆࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓ㸬 ᱂ᇵ᮲௳ᯝᐇࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚㸪᪥↷㊊ࡀ࢚ࢫࢸࣝ㢮ࡢῶᑡࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡇ ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ୖ⏣㸪2002㸧㸬Mattheis ࡽ㸦1991㸧ࡣᅬᆅࡼࡾࣜࣥࢦᯝᐇࡽⓎ⏕ ࡍࡿ࢚ࢫࢸࣝ㢮ࡢྵ㔞㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪せᅉࡋ࡚᱂ᇵ⟶⌮ࡼࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪ࣔࣔᯝᐇ୰ࡢࣛࢡࢺࣥ㢮ࡣ㸪ྵ㔞ࡀ⫧㔞ࡼࡾᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿ㸦Jia and Okamoto㸪2001㸧㸬ᮏヨ㦂࡛ࡶ㸪ྠࡌ✭ᮇ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶᅬᆅࡸ ᖺࡼࡾຍᕤࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸬࡛ࣔࣔࡣ‶㛤ᚋ 30㹼45 ᪥ࡢẼ ࡀ ᯝᐇⓎ⫱ᮇ㛫ᙳ㡪ࡋ㸦Boonprakob ࡽ㸪1992㸧㸪ᬮ࠸ᆅᇦ࡛ᯝᐇⓎ⫱ᮇ㛫ࡀ▷ࡃ㸪╔Ⰽ ⛬ᗘࡸྍ⁐ᛶᅛᙧ≀ྵ㔞ࡀࡁ࠸ࡇ㸦Wert ࡽ㸪2009㸧ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏヨ㦂࡛㸪Ϫ ᮇ࠾ࡼࡧϫᮇࡢྠࡌ✭⇍ᗘ࡛ẚࡿ㸪✭ᮇࡢ㐜࠸ᅬᆅ࡛ⰾ㤶ᡂศࡀከ࠸ഴྥࡀࡳ ࡽࢀࡓ㸬㏻ᖖ㸪࣓࢘ࡢ✭ᮇࡣ෭ᾴ࡞ᆅᇦ࡛㐜࠸ࡇࡽ㸪෭ᾴ࡞Ẽ㇟᮲௳ࡀ࣓࢘ᯝᐇ ࡢⓎ⫱ᮇ㛫ࢆᘏ㛗ࡋ㸪✭ᮇࡢᣦᶆ࡞ࡿ╔Ⰽࢆᢚไࡋࡓࡇࡀᅬᆅ㛫ᕪࡢせᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᚋẼ㇟᮲௳ᯝᐇရ㉁ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽࡞᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᯝᐇࡢෆᐜᡂศࡢྵ㔞ࢆண ࡍࡿᣦᶆࡋ࡚㸪Hyman ࡽ㸦2004㸧ࡣࢺ࣐ࢺᯝᐇࡢࣜࢥ࣌ ࣥྵ㔞ࡀᯝ⓶Ⰽ a *್ࡢ 4 ࡛⟬ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Itle࣭Kabelka㸦2009㸧 ࡣ࢝࣎ࢳࣕᯝ⫗ࡢ⥲࢝ࣟࢸࣀࢻྵ㔞ࡀ a *್㸪ࣝࢳࣥྵ㔞ࡀ b *್ᙉ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀ ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ㸪Moore㸦1997㸧ࡣࣛࢬ࣮࣋ࣜᯝᐇࡢࣥࢺࢩࢽࣥྵ㔞ࡀ a *㸭b *್ṇࡢ┦ 㛵㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡶ㏣⇍୰ࡢ͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇࡢᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ࡀ㸪ȕ-࢝ ࣟࢸࣥྵ㔞ࡢ┠Ᏻ࡞ࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2008㸧㸬ᮏヨ㦂࡛㸪᱂ᇵ⎔ቃࡀ ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿ 6㹼8 ᅬ࡛ 2 ᖺ㛫ࢃࡓࡾཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᙧ㉁ᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄪᰝ ࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ྛⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡶ㸪ẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜ㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡢ㛫 ᙉ࠸┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸬ຍ࠼࡚㸪㏣⇍ࡋࡓᯝᐇࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘ ࡢ㛫ᙉ࠸┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡣᱵ㓇୰ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡿ ⇍ᗘࡢᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࢆከࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞㏣ ⇍ᮇ㛫ࢆ♧ࡍᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬 ➹⪅ࡽࡣⰾ㤶ᡂศࡢ୰࡛ࡶࣔࣔᵝࡢ㤶ࡾᐤࡍࡿࣛࢡࢺࣥ㢮≉╔┠ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ - 54 ❶➨ 1 ⠇࡛ࡢᐁ⬟ホ౯ࡽ㸪50 μg㺃L -1 ௨ୖ࡛ࡣࡗࡁࡾ㸪200 μg㺃L -1 ௨ୖ࡛ᙉࡃࣔࣔᵝࡢ 㤶Ẽࡀឤࡌࡽࢀࡿุ᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏヨ㦂࡛㸪⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥྵ㔞ࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪ྛⰾ㤶ᡂศ ࡶ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ࡀ 34.5 ᮍ‶ࡢᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪ྛⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡀ 2008 ᖺࡣ 50 μg㺃 L -1 ᮍ‶㸪2009 ᖺࡣ 100 μg㺃L -1 ᮍ‶࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘࡀ 0.98 kg ࡼࡾࡁ࠸ᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪 1 ヨᩱࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪ྛⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡀ 2008 ᖺࡣ 50 μg㺃L -1 ᮍ‶㸪2009 ᖺࡣ 100 μg㺃L -1 ᮍ‶࡛࠶ ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡀయⓗከ࠸ᖺࡸᑡ࡞࠸ᖺࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂ ศྵ㔞ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿᯝᐇࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ㝖ࡋ㸪ࡼࡾⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡀከ࠸ᱵ㓇ࢆ〇㐀ࡍࡿࡓ ࡵࡢᯝᐇࡢ㑅ᐃᣦᶆࡋ࡚㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ 34.5 ௨ୖࡲࡓࡣᯝᐇ◳ᗘ 0.98 kg ௨ୗࡢᇶ‽ࡀ ⏝࡛ࡁࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᐇ㝿㸪ࡇࢀࡽ 2 ࡘࡢ᮲௳ࡶ‶ࡓࡍᯝᐇ࡛〇㐀ࡋࡓᱵ㓇‶ࡓ ࡉ࡞࠸ᯝᐇ࡛〇㐀ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪2008 ᖺࡢ⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡀ 9.9 ಸ㸪㓗㓟 ࢚ࢳࣝࡀ 4.1 ಸ㸪㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝࡀ 43.1 ಸ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ϩᮇ௨㝆᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇࡢࡳࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ 2009 ᖺ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡀ 4.0 ಸ㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡀ 3.7 ಸ㸪㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝࡀ 7.0 ಸ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ྵ㔞ࡁ࡞ᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ 2 ࡘࡢᣦᶆࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡀཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ㑅ᐃᇶ‽ࡋ࡚㐺 ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬ẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ุูࡋ࡙ࡽࡃ㸪ᐈほᛶḞࡅࡿࡓࡵ ཝᐦ࡞ᣦᶆࡣྥ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ཎᩱ㑅ᐃࡢ┠Ᏻࡋ࡚ࡣ⏝ࡀྍ⬟⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㏣ ⇍୰ࡢᯝᐇ࡛ࡣẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜࢆุูࡍࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽ㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ࡼࡧ ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡀᐈほⓗ࡞ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ㑅ᐃᣦᶆࡋ࡚᭱㐺࡛࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ᮏヨ㦂࡛ࡣⰾ㤶ᡂศࡢࡳࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࡀ㸪ᮏ❶➨ 1 ⠇࡛㏙ࡓࡼ࠺㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢ㣗ࡣࡑ ࡢࡢ㤶Ẽᡂศຍ࠼࡚㸪ࣉࣝࢼࢩࣥࡸࢩࣗ࢘㓟࡞ࡢⱞࡳᡂศࡶ㛵ಀࡍࡿࡇࡽ㸪 ᚋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠㛵ಀࡍࡿᣦᶆࡶ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪ᮏヨ㦂࡛ᯝ⓶Ⰽࡢ㯤Ⰽࡳ ࡸᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡀⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡢᣦᶆ࡞ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪 ᐃᶵჾࡀ㧗౯࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࡽ㸪⌧ᆅ࠾ࡅࡿỗ⏝ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ᣦᶆࡍࡿࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ ᐃ᪉ἲࡢ⡆౽࠾ࡼࡧపࢥࢫ ࢺࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 - 55 ➨ 䠐❶㻌 ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィ䛻䜘䜛䜴䝯䇺༡㧗䇻ᯝᐇ䛾㠀◚ቯ◳ᗘ ᐃ䛸㧗ရ㉁ᱵ㓇〇㐀䜈䛾ᛂ ⏝㻌 ⥴ゝ ࣓࢘ࡣ⏕ᯝࢆ㣗ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪㟷ᯝࡢ✭ᇶ‽ࡣ㸪ࡁࡉ㸪ẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜ㸪ᯝ ⓶ࡢⰍࡘࡸ࡞ࡢእほရ㉁࡛Ỵࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜ࠾ࡼࡧᯝ⓶ࡢⰍࡘ ࡸࡣࡑࡢኚࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡇࡽ㸪ᐈほⓗ࡞ุ᩿ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ㸪ಶேᕪࡀၥ㢟Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪 ✭ᚋࡢ㌾ࡶ᪩࠸ࡇࡽ㸪◳ࡉࡶ㔜せ࡞ရ㉁㡯┠࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᪤ሗ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2007a㸧࡛➹⪅ࡽࡣ㸪ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡀᛴ⃭పୗࡋጞࡵࡓⅬࡢᯝᐇࡣࢡ࢚ࣥ 㓟ྵ㔞ࡀከࡃ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡣ〓Ⰽᗘ㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ 㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡀࡁࡃ㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ➼ࡢရ㉁ඃࢀࡓᱵ㓇〇㐀ࡢࡓࡵࡢཎᩱ㑅ᐃࡢᣦ ᶆ࡞ࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓ㸬ຍ࠼࡚㸪➨ 3 ❶ 3 ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪㧗࠸ⰾ㤶ᡂศ㸦⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪㓗 㓟࢚ࢳࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝ㸧ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᱵ㓇〇㐀ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇࡢ⇍ᗘᣦᶆࡋ ࡚㸪ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ࡀ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ㏙ࡓ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢヨ㦂࠾࠸࡚ᯝ ᐇ◳ᗘࡢ ᐃ⏝࠸ࡓ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱࡣᆺ࡛ᣢࡕ㐠ࡧࡀᐜ࡛᫆࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢ⏕⏘⌧ሙ࡛ ࡢ⏝⠊ᅖࡣ㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡢ ᐃࡣᵝࠎ࡞⨨ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪㠀◚ቯ࡛ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ ἲࡋ࡚㸪࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࣭ࢻࢵࣉ࣮ࣛἲࡼࡿ◳ᗘ ᐃᢏ⾡ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ㸪ࣜࣥࢦ㸦ඖᮧࡽ㸪2004㸧㸪 ࢭࣚ࢘ࢼࢩ㸦Murayama ࡽ㸪2006㸧࡞ᵝࠎ࡞ᯝᐇ࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ㸪 ࡇࡢ࣮ࣞࢨ࣮࣭ࢻࢵࣉ࣮ࣛἲࡢཎ⌮ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓᑠᆺࡢ㡢㡪ືࡼࡿ◳ᗘ ᐃ⨨㸦ᦠᖏ ᆺື◳ᗘィ㸧ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ㸦Taniwaki and Sakurai㸪2010㸧㸪࣎࢝ࢻࡢ㣗㡭ண 㸦⛅ඖ ࡽ㸪2011㸧㸪ࢭࣚ࢘ࢼࢩࡢ㏣⇍ᣦᶆ㸦▱㔝ࡽ㸪2009㸪2010㸧㸪࢝࢟ࡢ✭┒ᮇண 㸦⚄ ⏣ࡽ㸪2010㸧㸪ࢫࣛࢫࢺ࣐ࢺࡢᯝ⫗◳ᗘホ౯㸦୰㔝ࡽ㸪2008㸧㸪ࣈࢻ࢘㸦Takahashi ࡽ㸪 2010㸧㸪࣐ࣥࢦ࣮㸦ᩥᐊ࣭Ḉ㸪2011㸧࠾ࡼࡧࢽ࣍ࣥࢼࢩ㸦㯮ᆏࡽ㸪2010㸧ࡢ◳ᗘホ౯㸪 ࣉ࣮ࣝࣥࡢ⢾ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧ㓟ᗘࡢ᥎ᐃ㸦⏿࣭Ḉ㸪2011㸧➼㸪ከ᪉㠃࡛⇍ᗘࡢุᐃἲࡋ࡚ ࡢά⏝ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏ⨨ࡣᣢࡕ㐠ࡧࡀᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿࡇຍ࠼㸪╔ᯝ≧ែࡢᯝᐇࡢ ◳ᗘࢆ㠀◚ቯ࡛⤒ⓗ ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘ ᐃࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྂࡃ ࡽᦠᖏᆺࡢࣂࢿᘧࡢ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪⢭ᗘࡀຎࡾ ᐃࡋࡓᯝᐇࡀၟရ౯ ್ࢆኻ࠺◚ቯἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࡽ 2 ࡘࡢ◳ᗘ ᐃἲࡘ࠸࡚㸪࣓࢘ᯝᐇ࠾࠸࡚࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ ㄪᰝࡋ࡚㐺⏝ᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡶ㸪ᱵ㓇ရ㉁ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ⇍ᗘᣦᶆࡋ࡚ ࡢᐇ⏝ᛶࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬 ᮦᩱ䛚䜘䜃᪉ἲ 1䠊ྛ✀䛾᪉ἲ䛻䜘䜛Ⓨ⫱୰ᯝᐇ䛾◳ᗘ ᐃ䠄ヨ㦂 1䠅 2010 ᖺḷᒣ┴࠺ࡵ◊✲ᡤ᳜᱂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ͂༡㧗̓ᡂᮌ 3 ᶞࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᖿᶞෙ - 56 እ࿘ࡢ୰㛫ࡼࡾእഃࡢᯝᐇ㸦௨ୗእᒙᯝᐇ㸧ෆഃࡢᯝᐇ㸦௨ୗෆᒙᯝᐇ㸧ࡢᯝᐇ◳ᗘ ࡢኚࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ㄪᰝᯝᐇࡣ┤ᑕ᪥ගࡀᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸㒊ࡢࡶࡢࡋࡓ㸬⌧⾜ࡢ✭ᇶ‽ ࡛࠶ࡿⰍࡘࡸ㸪ẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜ࡞ࡢᯝᐇእほ࠾ࡼࡧ⇍ⴠᯝࡢ≧ἣࢆࡶ㸪እᒙᯝᐇ ࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞࡢ┤๓ࡢᮇ㸦5 ᭶ 31 ᪥㸧ࢆุ᩿ࡋ㸪እᒙᯝᐇࡢ⇍ⴠᯝ㛤ጞᮇ㸦6 ᭶ 19 ᪥㸧ࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫㸪ࡰ 3 ᪥ࡈ 7 ᅇᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪2011 ᖺḷᒣ┴ࡳ࡞⏫ෆ ࡢ✭ᮇࡀ␗࡞ࡿ 3 ᅬ㸦✭ᮇࡢ᪩࠸㡰 A㹼C ᅬ㸧᳜᱂ࡉࢀࡓ͂༡㧗̓ᡂᮌ㸦B ᅬࡢࡳ 3 ᶞ㸪ࡑࡢࡣ 1 ᶞ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞ┤๓ ࡽ⇍ⴠᯝ㛤ጞᮇࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫㸪ࡰ 3 ᪥ࡈ 5㹼7 ᅇᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸬 ྛᖺࡶ 1 ᅇᙜࡓ ࡾࡢ᥇ྲྀᯝᩘࡣ 30 ᯝ⛬ᗘࡋࡓ㸬 ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇࡢ࠺ࡕ 10 ᯝࡣ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ㸦COMPACK-100㸪ࢧࣥ⛉Ꮫ㸧㸪㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ 㸦KM ᆺ㸪⸨ཎ〇సᡤ㸧࠾ࡼࡧᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィ㸦SP-ȕ-1㸪᭷㝈♫⏕≀ື◊✲ᡤ㸧 ࡼࡾᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧᙎᛶᣦᶆࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡣ➨ 2 ❶ 1 ⠇ྠᵝ㸪5 mm ᰕᙧࣉࣛࣥࢪ࣮ࣕࢆ╔ࡋ࡚㸪1 mm࣭s -1 ࡢ㏿ᗘ࡛ 1 mm ㈏ධࡍࡿࡢ᭱㈇Ⲵ㸦kg㸧ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㈏ධࡍࡿࡢ᭱㈇Ⲵ㸦kg㸧ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪➹⪅ ࡽࡢணഛヨ㦂࠾࠸࡚㸪ᰕᙧࣉࣛࣥࢪ࣮ࣕࡢ┤ᚄࢆ 2㸪2.5㸪3 ࠾ࡼࡧ 3.5 mm ࡋ࡚࣓࢘ ᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘኚࢆ ᐃࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ྛࣉࣛࣥࢪ࣮ࣕࡶ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡢ㛫ࡣᙉ࠸ṇ ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪◳ᗘኚࡀ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡢኚࡼࡾ㏆ࡗࡓ┤ᚄ 3 mm ࡢ ࣉࣛࣥࢪ࣮ࣕࢆᮏヨ㦂࡛ࡣ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィࡼࡿᙎᛶᣦᶆࡣ㸪⦭ྜ⥺ࢆᣳࢇ࡛ ㉥㐨㒊ຍ㒊ཷ㒊ࢆᙜ࡚㸪100㹼6000 Hz ࡲ࡛ࡢṇᘻἼືࢆ࠼࡚ඹ㬆࿘Ἴᩘࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 ᐃ⤖ᯝࡢἼᙧࡢ┦ゅᗘࡽ➨ 2 ࠾ࡼࡧ➨ 3 ඹ㬆࿘Ἴᩘࢆồࡵࡓ㸬ᙎᛶᣦᶆࡣ ➨ 2 ඹ㬆࿘Ἴᩘࢆ f 2㸦Hz㸧㸪➨ 3 ඹ㬆࿘Ἴᩘࢆ f 3㸦Hz㸧㸪ᶓᚄ㸦ຍ㒊ཷ㒊ࢆᙜ࡚ࡓ 㒊ศࡢ㊥㞳㸧ࢆ d㸦m㸧㸪ᯝᐇ㔜ࢆ m㸦kg㸧ࡋ㸪Ed f 2㸻f 22㺃d 2㸪Ed f 3㸻f 32㺃d 2㸪Em f 2㸻f 22㺃 m 2/3 ࠾ࡼࡧ Em f 3㸻f 32㺃m 2/3 ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢᙎᛶᣦᶆࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓ㸬2010 ᖺࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ ್࠾ࡼࡧᙎᛶᣦᶆࢆ ᐃࡋࡓᯝᐇ࡛㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ࡶ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ᶞࡈእᒙ࠾ࡼࡧෆᒙ ᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘᕪࢆ t ᳨ᐃ࡛ㄪᰝࡍࡿࡶ㸪ୖグ 3 ᪉ἲ࡛ࡢ◳ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧᙎᛶᣦᶆࡢ┦㛵㛵 ಀࢆࣆࢯࣥࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬2011 ᖺࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್࠾ࡼࡧᙎᛶᣦᶆࢆ ᐃ ࡋࡓᯝᐇࡣᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡣูࡢ 8 ᯝ࡛㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪┦ 㛵㛵ಀࡣ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ᙎᛶᣦᶆࡢࡳࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪2010 ᖺࡣࡇࢀࡽㄪᰝࡣ ู㸪╔ᯝ≧ែࡢᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィ࡛ ᐃྍ⬟ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬 2䠊 䠊 ྛ✀䛾᪉ἲ䛷 ᐃ䛧䛯ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ䛸ᱵ㓇䛾ရ㉁䛸䛾㛵ಀ䠄ヨ㦂 2䠅 2010 ᖺࡣ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇࡢ 6 ᭶ 4 ᪥ࡽ⇍ⴠᯝ㛤ጞᮇࡢ 6 ᭶ 19 ᪥㸪ヨ㦂 1 ࡛ᯝᐇ ◳ᗘࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㝿㸪ྛᶞࡢ╔ᯝ⨨ููࡢ⣙ 300 g ࢆᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋࡓ㸬2011 ᖺࡣ㟷ᯝ ✭㛤ጞᮇ┤๓ࡽ⇍ⴠᯝ㛤ጞᮇ㸪ヨ㦂 1 ࡛࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್࠾ࡼࡧᙎᛶᣦᶆࢆ ᐃࡋࡓᯝ ᐇ 10 ᯝࡢ 8 ᯝࢆ 6 ᯝࡎࡘศࡅ࡚㸪3 ࡛ᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋࡓ㸬ຍᕤ᪉ἲࡣ࣓࢘ᯝᐇ 1 kg ᑐࡋ࡚ 35㸣ᯝᐇ㓇⏝ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ㸦࣍࣡ࢺ࣮ࣜ࢝㸧1.8 L㸪ị◁⢾ 0.8 kg ࡢྜ࡛㸪෭ᬯ - 57 ᡤ࡚ 6 ᭶㛫ₕࡅ㎸ࢇࡔ㸬ₕࡅ㎸ࡳ⤊ᚋ㸪᪤ሗ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2006㸪2007㸧ྠᵝ㸪ᯝ ᐇ㔜ῶᑡ⋡㸦㹹㸦ₕࡅ㎸ࡳ๓㔜㔞㸫ₕࡅ㎸ࡳᚋ㔜㔞㸧㸭ₕࡅ㎸ࡳ๓㔜㔞× 100㹻㸪Ṍ␃ࡲࡾ㸧 ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡶ㸪➨ 2 ❶ 3 ⠇ྠᵝ㸪0.45 μ m ࡢࣇࣝࢱ࣮࡛ࢁ㐣ࡋ㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢ〓Ⰽ ᗘ㸦450 nm ྾ගᗘ㸧㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬➨ 2 ❶ 1 ⠇ྠᵝ㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞ࡣ HPLC ࡛㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡣ Folin-Ciocalteu ἲ࡛㸪 ᢠ㓟⬟㸦ࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࢪ࢝ࣝᾘཤ⬟㸧ࡣ DPPH ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓẚⰍἲ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽᱵ㓇ရ㉁ ྛ✀ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧ◳ᗘᣦᶆࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬 3㸬 㸬 ྛ✀ࡢ᪉ἲࡼࡿ㏣⇍᮲௳ࡢ␗࡞ࡿᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘ ᐃ㸦ヨ㦂 3㸧 2011 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 22 ᪥ḷᒣ┴࠺ࡵ◊✲ᡤ࡛✭ࡋࡓᯝᐇࡘ࠸࡚㸪㑅ᯝᶵࡼࡾ 2L㸪3L ࠾ࡼࡧ 4L ࡢࡁࡉࡢᯝᐇࢆ㑅ูࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀฟⲴ⏝ẁ࣮࣎ࣝ⟽ධࢀࡓ㸬ᯝᐇ㝵⣭ 4L ࠾ ࡼࡧ 2L ࡣ㏣⇍ ᗘ 20°C ࡛㸪ᯝᐇ㝵⣭ 3L ࡣ㏣⇍ ᗘ 20㸪25 ࠾ࡼࡧ 30°C ࡛㏣⇍ࡋࡓ㸦௨ ୗ 4L20°C㸪2L20°C㸪3L20°C㸪3L25°C ࠾ࡼࡧ 3L30°C ┬␎㸧㸬㏣⇍᪥ᩘࡣ 0㹼6 ᪥㸦3L30°C ࡢࡳ㏣⇍ 6 ᪥┠⭉ᩋᯝࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࡓࡵ 0㹼5 ᪥㸧ࡋ㸪ྛ᪥ࡶྛẁ࣮࣎ࣝ⟽ࡽ 10 ᯝ ࢆᢤࡁฟࡋ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ᙎᛶᣦᶆࢆヨ㦂 1 ྠᵝ ᐃࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ◳ᗘ್ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀ ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬 ⤖ᯝ 1㸬ྛ✀ࡢ᪉ἲࡼࡿⓎ⫱୰ᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘ ᐃ㸦ヨ㦂 1㸧 2010 ᖺࡢ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡣ 6 ᭶ 10 ᪥㡭ࡽ㸪㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ࡣ 6 ᭶ 7 ᪥ 㡭ࡽእᒙᯝᐇࡀෆᒙᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶᑠࡉ࠸ഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸦➨ 20 ⾲㸧㸬ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィ ࡼࡿᙎᛶᣦᶆࡘ࠸࡚㸪2010 ᖺࡣ Ed f 2 ࡣ Em f 2 ࡢ㛫 r = 0.991㸦p < 0.0001㸧ࡢ㸪Ed f 3 ࡣ Em f 3 ࡢ㛫 r = 0.995㸦p < 0.0001㸧ࡢᙉ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ㸦➨ 18 ᅗ㸧㸪2011 ᖺࡣ Ed f 2 ࡣ Em f 2 ࡢ㛫 r = 0.995㸦p < 0.0001㸧ࡢ㸪Ed f 3 ࡣ Em f 3 ࡢ㛫 r = 0.996㸦p < 0.0001㸧ࡢᙉ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦➨ 19 ᅗ㸧㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪௨ୗࡢⓎ⫱୰ࡢᯝᐇ࠾ ࡅࡿᙎᛶᣦᶆࡣ Ed f 2 ࡲࡓࡣ Ed f 3 ࡛♧ࡍ㸬Ed f 2㸪Ed f 3 ࡶ㸪6 ᭶ 7 ᪥ࡽపୗࡍࡿ᥎⛣ ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪6 ᭶ 7 ᪥ࡽእᒙᯝᐇࡀෆᒙᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶᑠࡉ࠸ഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Ed f 2㸪Ed f 3 ࡣ㠀◚ቯࡘ╔ᯝ≧ែ࡛ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡀపୗࡍࡿ᥎⛣ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ╔ᯝ⨨࠾ࡼࡧ᥇ྲྀᮇࡀ␗࡞ࡿᯝᐇࡢᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡘ࠸࡚㸪㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ࡣ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ ࢱ್ࡢ㛫 r = 0.693㸦p < 0.0001㸧ࡢṇࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦➨ 20 ᅗ㸧㸬Ed f 2 ࠾ࡼ ࡧ Ed f 3 ࡣ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡢ㛫ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪r = 0.816 ࠾ࡼࡧ 0.752㸦ࡶ p < 0.0001㸧ࡢ ᙉ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸬 2011 ᖺࡢ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್㸪㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್㸪ᙎᛶᣦᶆ Ed f 2㸪Ed f 3 ࡶ㸪 ᛴ⃭పୗࡋጞࡵࡿᮇࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦➨ 21 ᅗ㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪᥇ྲྀᶞ࠾ࡼࡧ᥇ྲྀᮇࡀ␗࡞ࡿ ᯝᐇࡢᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᙎᛶᣦᶆࡣ Ed f 2 ࠾ࡼࡧ Ed f 3 ࡶ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡢ㛫ࡑࢀ ࡒࢀ㸪r = 0.939 ࠾ࡼࡧ 0.909㸦ࡶ p < 0.0001㸧ࡢᙉ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦➨ 22 - 58 ᅗ㸧㸬 ➨ 20 ⾲ ╔ᯝ⨨㸪᥇ྲྀᮇࡀ␗࡞ࡿᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧᙎᛶᣦᶆࡢ᥎⛣㸦2010 ᖺ㸧 ] ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ (kg) ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ (kg) ᙎᛶᣦᶆ 2 2 Ed f 2 (Hz 㺃m ) ᙎᛶᣦᶆ 2 2 Ed f 3 (Hz 㺃m ) ᶞ1R ╔ᯝ⨨ No.1 እᒙ ෆᒙ x ᭷ពᛶ No.2 እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ No.3 እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ No.1 እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ No.2 እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ No.3 እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ No.1 እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ No.2 እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ No.3 እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ No.1 እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ No.2 እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ No.3 እᒙ ෆᒙ ᭷ពᛶ y 5/31 2.43 2.19 NS 2.63 2.29 * 2.44 2.39 NS 4.34 4.14 NS 4.23 3.95 NS 4.19 3.53 * 1.39 1.28 * 1.54 1.31 ** 1.46 1.30 * 2.83 2.74 NS 3.36 2.87 * 2.87 2.79 NS 6/4 1.92 2.22 ** 2.09 2.32 * 2.33 2.34 NS 3.95 4.19 NS 4.31 3.81 * 4.45 4.25 NS 1.24 1.20 NS 1.29 1.20 NS 1.31 1.20 NS 2.19 2.31 NS 2.57 2.47 NS 2.24 2.35 NS ᥇ྲྀ᪥㸦᭶㸭᪥㸧 6/7 6/10 6/13 1.92 1.59 1.19 2.67 2.19 1.80 *** ** *** 2.16 1.88 1.42 1.82 2.24 2.27 ** *** NS 2.44 2.05 1.57 2.14 2.24 2.32 NS NS *** 3.29 3.03 2.61 3.67 3.22 2.98 NS NS NS 3.23 3.07 2.67 3.71 3.54 3.40 * NS ** 3.62 2.97 2.26 3.86 3.49 3.25 NS * *** 1.25 1.13 0.94 1.54 1.26 1.18 *** * *** 1.38 1.20 1.02 1.68 1.32 1.26 *** * *** 1.42 1.20 1.01 1.62 1.27 1.26 ** NS *** 2.31 2.01 1.57 3.08 2.20 2.08 ** NS *** 2.62 2.11 1.76 3.62 2.52 2.31 *** * ** 2.68 2.12 1.73 3.40 2.29 2.48 ** NS ** 6/16 1.33 1.66 NS 1.41 1.63 NS 1.37 1.81 ** 1.91 1.93 NS 1.76 2.18 ** 1.74 1.89 * 0.75 1.04 *** 0.81 1.06 *** 0.79 1.07 *** 1.35 1.67 *** 1.47 1.74 ** 1.44 1.73 *** z ᯝᐇࡣ1ᅬࡢ3ᶞ㸦No.1㹼3㸧ࡢእᒙ࠾ࡼࡧෆᒙࡼࡾ᥇ྲྀ y ᖿᶞෙእ࿘ࡢ୰㛫ࡼࡾእഃࢆእᒙ㸪ෆഃࢆෆᒙࡋࡓ x *䠈**䠈***ࡣt *䠈**䠈***ࡣt ᳨ᐃࡼࡗ࡚5㸣㸪1㸣ࡲࡓࡣ0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពᕪ࠶ࡾ㸪NSࡣ᭷ពᕪ࡞ࡋ㸦n = 10㸧 - 59 6/19 0.63 1.08 *** 0.63 1.20 *** 0.71 1.22 *** 1.88 2.04 NS 1.84 2.08 NS 1.78 2.13 NS 0.57 0.75 *** 0.53 0.84 *** 0.56 0.79 *** 1.06 1.34 *** 0.98 1.44 *** 1.01 1.37 *** Em f2 (㽢105 㸪Hz2 䡡kg2/3 ) r = 0.991 䠄n = 420, p < 0.0001䠅 20 15 10 5 Em f3 (㽢105 㸪Hz2 䡡kg2/3 ) 35 30 25 20 15 10 0 5 0 0 r = 0.995 䠄n = 420, p < 0.0001䠅 5 10 15 20 0 15 Ed f2 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) 30 45 Ed f3 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) ➨ ᅗ ╔ ᯝ ⨨ 㸪 ᥇ ྲྀ ᮇ ࡀ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ᯝ ᐇ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ྛ ᙎ ᛶ ᣦ ᶆ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ 㸦 ᥇ ྲྀ ┤ ᚋ ࡢ ᯝ ᐇ 㸪 2010 ᖺ 㸧 ヲ ⣽ ࡣ➨ 20 ⾲ ཧ ↷ Em f2 (㽢105 㸪Hz2 䡡kg2/3 ) r = 0.995 䠄n = 280, p < 0.0001䠅 20 15 10 5 0 r = 0.996 䠄n = 280, p < 0.0001䠅 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 Em f3 (㽢105 㸪Hz2 䡡kg2/3 ) 5 10 15 20 Ed f2 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) 0 15 30 45 Ed f3 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) ➨ 19 ᅗ ᥇ ྲྀ ᶞ 㸪 ᥇ ྲྀ ᮇ ࡢ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ᯝ ᐇ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ྛ ᙎ ᛶ ᣦ ᶆ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ 㸦 ᥇ ྲྀ ┤ ᚋ ࡢ ᯝ ᐇ 㸪 2011 ᖺ 㸧 3 ᅬ ࡢ 5 ᶞ 㸦 B ᅬ ࡢ ࡳ No.1 㹼3 ࡢ 3 ᶞ 㸧 ࡼ ࡾ ᯝ ᐇ ࢆ᥇ ྲྀ - 60 ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ (kg) r = 0.693 㸦n = 420, p < 0.0001㸧 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 r = 0.816 䠄n = 420, p < 0.0001䠅 20 Ed f3 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) Ed f2 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) 0.0 15 10 5 0 0.0 ➨ 20 ᅗ 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್㸦kg㸧 r = 0.752 䠄n = 420, p < 0.0001䠅 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್㸦kg㸧 ╔ᯝ⨨㸪᥇ྲྀᮇࡀ␗࡞ࡿᯝᐇ࠾ࡅࡿ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್࠾ࡼࡧᙎᛶᣦᶆࡢ㛵ಀ㸦᥇ྲྀ┤ᚋࡢᯝ ᐇ 㸪 2010 ᖺ 㸧 ヲ ⣽ ࡣ➨ 20 ⾲ ཧ ↷ - 61 ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ (kg) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 5.0 ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ (kg) Aᅬ BᅬNo.1 BᅬNo.2 BᅬNo.3 Cᅬ 3.5 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 20,000 20 6/6 6/13 6/20 6/27 7/4 40 6/6 40,000 6/13 6/20 6/13 6/20 6/27 7/4 35 35,000 Ed f3 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) Ed f2 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) 4.0 15,000 15 30 30,000 25 25,000 10,000 10 20 20,000 15 15,000 10 10,000 5,000 5 5 5,000 00 00 6/6 6/13 6/20 6/27 7/4 ᬺ᪥㸦᭶㸭᪥㸧 6/6 6/27 7/4 ᬺ᪥㸦᭶㸭᪥㸧 ➨ 21 ᅗ ᥇ྲྀᶞ࠾ࡼࡧ᥇ྲྀᮇࡢ␗࡞ࡿᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧᙎᛶ ᣦ ᶆ ࡢ ᥎ ⛣ 㸦 2011 ᖺ 㸧 3 ᅬ ࡢ 5 ᶞ 㸦 B ᅬ ࡢ ࡳ No.1 㹼3 ࡢ 3 ᶞ 㸧 ࡼ ࡾ ᯝ ᐇ ࢆ᥇ ྲྀ ᦠ ᖏ ᆺ ື ◳ ᗘ ィ ್ ࠾ࡼ ࡧ ࣞ ࢜ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ್ ࡣྠ ࡌᯝ ᐇ ࡛ ᐃ ࡋ 㸪 ࡇ ࢀ ࡣู ࡢᯝ ᐇ ࡛㈏ ධ ◳ ᗘ ィ ್ ࢆ ᐃ ࣂ ࣮ ࡣᶆ ‽ ㄗ ᕪ ࢆ♧ ࡍ 㸦㈏ ධ ᘧ ◳ ᗘ ィ ࡣ n = 8㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ࡣ n = 10㸧 - 62 䡎 = 0.909 䠄n = 280, p < 0.0001䠅 20 Ed f3 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) Ed f2 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) 䡎 = 0.939 15 10 5 0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್㸦kg㸧 䠄n = 280, p < 0.0001䠅 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್㸦kg㸧 ➨ 22 ᅗ ᥇ ྲྀ ᶞ 㸪᥇ ྲྀ ᮇ ࡢ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ᯝ ᐇ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࣞ ࢜ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ್ ᙎ ᛶ ᣦ ᶆ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ 㸦 ᥇ ྲྀ ┤ ᚋ ࡢ ᯝ ᐇ 㸪 2011 ᖺ 㸧 ヲ ⣽ ࡣ➨ 21 ᅗ ཧ ↷ 2㸬 㸬 ྛ✀ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓᯝᐇ◳ᗘᱵ㓇ࡢရ㉁ࡢ㛵ಀ㸦ヨ㦂 2㸧 2010 ᖺࡢ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྛᶞࡢ╔ᯝ⨨ูᯝᐇ◳ᗘᱵ㓇ရ㉁ࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ ࡇࢁ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡀᛴ⃭పୗࡋጞࡵࡿᮇ㸦0.08 kg㸭᪥௨ୖ㸧ࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ 㓇ࡣ㸪〓Ⰽᗘ㸪ᯝᐇ㔜ῶᑡ⋡㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡶྛ ᶞࡢྛ╔ᯝ⨨ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᭱㧗್ࡢ 64㸣௨ୖ࡛㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼ ࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ 82㸣௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 21 ⾲㸧㸬㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ࡛ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡀᛴ⃭ పୗࡋጞࡵࡿᮇࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿࡇࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪◳ᗘィ್ࡀ 2.2 kg ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇࡢ ᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪〓Ⰽᗘ㸪ᯝᐇ㔜ῶᑡ⋡㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧ ᢠ㓟⬟ࡀྛᶞࡢྛ╔ᯝ⨨ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᭱㧗್ࡢ 89㸣௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ᙎᛶᣦᶆ࡛ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ ࡀᛴ⃭పୗࡋጞࡵࡿᮇࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿࡇࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪Ed f 2 ࡀ 10,000 ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓ ᮇ࠾ࡼࡧ Ed f 3 ࡀ 17,000 ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪〓Ⰽᗘ㸪ᯝᐇ㔜ῶᑡ ⋡㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡀྛᶞࡢྛ╔ᯝ⨨ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᭱ 㧗್ࡢ 81㸣௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ࡀ 2.2 kg ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇ㸪Ed f 2 ࡀ 10,000 ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇ࠾ࡼࡧ Ed f 3 ࡀ 17,000 ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪ྛᶞࡢ ྛ╔ᯝ⨨ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡀ᭱࡞ࡿᮇࡑࡢ๓ᚋ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 2011 ᖺࡢ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡀᛴ⃭పୗࡋጞࡵࡿᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ 㓇ࡣ㸪〓Ⰽᗘ㸪ᯝᐇ㔜ῶᑡ⋡㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡶྛ ᶞࡢ᭱㧗್ࡢ 53㸣௨ୖ࡛㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ - 63 73㸣௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦➨ 22 ⾲㸧㸬㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ࡀ 2.2 kg ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ ᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪〓Ⰽᗘ㸪ᯝᐇ㔜ῶᑡ⋡㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡀྛ ᶞࡢྛ╔ᯝ⨨ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᭱㧗್ࡢ 87㸣௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬Ed f 2 ࡀ 10,000 ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇࡢ ᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪〓Ⰽᗘ㸪ᯝᐇ㔜ῶᑡ⋡㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡀྛᶞࡢྛ╔ᯝ⨨ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᭱㧗್ࡢ 80㸣௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬Ed f3 ࡀ 17,000 ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪〓Ⰽᗘ㸪ᯝᐇ㔜ῶᑡ⋡㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ࣜ ࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡀྛᶞࡢྛ╔ᯝ⨨ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᭱㧗್ࡢ 78㸣௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ࡀ 2.2 kg ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇ㸪Ed f 2 ࡀ 10,000 ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇ࠾ࡼࡧ Ed f 3 ࡀ 17,000 ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪ྛᶞࡢྛ╔ᯝ⨨ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࣏ ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡀ᭱࡞ࡿᮇࡑࡢ๓ᚋ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ୧ᖺࡶ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್㸪㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್㸪Ed f 2 ࠾ࡼࡧ Ed f 3 ࡣᱵ㓇ࡢࢡ࢚ ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞ᙉ࠸㈇ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦➨ 23 ⾲㸧㸬 3㸬 㸬 ྛ✀ࡢ᪉ἲࡼࡿ㏣⇍᮲௳ࡢ␗࡞ࡿᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘ ᐃ㸦ヨ㦂 3㸧 ㏣⇍᮲௳ࡢ␗࡞ࡿᯝᐇ࠾ࡅࡿᙎᛶᣦᶆࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ed f 2 ࡣ Em f 2 ࡢ㛫 r = 0.999㸦p < 0.0001㸧ࡢ㸪Ed f 3 ࡣ Em f 3 ࡢ㛫 r = 0.999㸦p < 0.0001㸧ࡢᙉ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ ࡓ㸦➨ 23 ᅗ㸧㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪௨ୗࡢ㏣⇍୰ࡢᯝᐇ࠾ࡅࡿ◳ᗘᣦᶆࡘ࠸࡚ࡶⓎ⫱୰ࡢᯝᐇ ྠᵝ㸪Ed f 2 ࡲࡓࡣ Ed f 3 ࡛♧ࡍ㸬Ed f 2㸪Ed f 3 ࡶ⤒᪥ⓗపୗࡋ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ྠᵝ ㏣⇍୰ࡢ㌾㐍⾜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦➨ 24 ᅗ㸧㸬ࡋࡋ㸪Ed f 2 ࠾ࡼࡧ Ed f 3 ࡛ࡣ㏣⇍ 2 ᪥௨ᚋ㸪3L30°C ༊༊ࡢᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡀ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್࡛ࡣᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬㏣⇍᮲௳ࡀ␗࡞ ࡿᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘࡘ࠸࡚㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡢ㛫 Ed f 2 ࡣ r = 0.909 ࡢ㸪Ed f 3 ࡣ r = 0.889㸦 ࡶ p < 0.0001㸧ࡢᙉ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦➨ 25 ᅗ㸧㸬 - 64 - 65 ㈏ධᘧ ◳ᗘィ್ (kg) 3.95 3.29 3.03 2.61 1.91 ͤ 1.88 4.31 3.23 3.07 2.67 1.76 ͤ 1.84 4.45 3.62 2.97 2.26 1.74 ͤ 1.78 4.19 3.67 3.22 2.98 1.93 ͤ 2.04 3.81 3.71 3.54 3.40 2.18 ͤ 2.08 4.25 3.86 3.49 3.25 1.89 ͤ 2.13 ᙎᛶᣦᶆ Ed f 2 Ed f 3 2 2 2 2 (Hz 䡡m ) (Hz 䡡m ) 12438 21917 12526 23078 11327 20053 15696 ͤ 9366 ͤ 7452 13533 10615 5741 12922 25652 13848 26186 11994 21094 10199 17627 8082 ͤ 14663 ͤ 5335 9773 13069 22406 26832 14241 11983 21240 10076 17294 7914 ͤ 14399 ͤ 5560 10130 11962 23123 15365 30787 12582 21958 11794 20755 10372 16700 ͤ 7506 ͤ 13371 12026 24692 36227 16761 13156 25227 12587 23117 10650 17355 8425 ͤ 14442 ͤ 11980 23496 33995 16154 12705 22872 12603 24820 10748 17274 7886 ͤ 13748 ͤ 〓Ⰽᗘ (྾ගᗘ450 nm) y 0.124 (63) 0.108 (55) 0.154 (78) 0.160 (81) 0.197 (100) 0.188 (95) 0.109 (53) 0.084 (41) 0.145 (71) 0.179 (87) 0.205 (100) 0.181 (88) 0.110 (54) 0.103 (51) 0.130 (64) 0.167 (82) 0.203 (100) 0.190 (94) 0.059 (33) 0.134 (76) 0.116 (66) 0.147 (83) 0.177 (100) 0.174 (98) 0.062 (33) 0.089 (47) 0.115 (61) 0.153 (81) 0.180 (95) 0.189 (100) 0.060 (37) 0.114 (70) 0.099 (60) 0.157 (96) 0.153 (93) 0.164 (100) ᯝᐇ㔜 ῶᑡ⋡(%) 45 (92) 33 (68) 41 (85) 41 (85) 48 (100) 46 (94) 47 (95) 47 (97) 45 (92) 37 (76) 49 (100) 48 (98) 50 (87) 48 (83) 42 (72) 44 (76) 51 (89) 58 (100) 40 (78) 36 (71) 41 (80) 42 (83) 51 (100) 47 (93) 34 (67) 39 (77) 37 (74) 42 (83) 49 (98) 50 (100) 53 (100) 35 (67) 38 (73) 43 (82) 53 (100) 49 (93) ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞 ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟 ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ ᢠ㓟⬟ -1 -1 z -1 z (g䡡100 mL ) (mgCE䡡100 mL ) ȝPRO7(䡡100 mL ) 52 (99) 76 (87) 0.77 (79) 48 (92) 73 (83) 0.86 (88) 49 (94) 80 (91) 0.88 (90) 48 (92) 81 (93) 0.87 (89) 52 (100) 88 (100) 0.96 (98) 48 (92) 85 (97) 0.98 (100) 47 (93) 75 (88) 0.78 (78) 44 (86) 67 (79) 0.68 (68) 46 (91) 78 (92) 0.82 (83) 85 (100) 49 (97) 0.93 (93) 51 (100) 84 (99) 1.00 (100) 44 (86) 77 (91) 0.99 (99) 47 (98) 78 (91) 0.76 (80) 45 (92) 72 (84) 0.74 (78) 47 (97) 76 (89) 0.78 (82) 48 (99) 81 (95) 0.92 (97) 48 (100) 86 (100) 0.92 (97) 48 (98) 85 (99) 0.95 (100) 46 (87) 61 (67) 0.67 (74) 51 (96) 74 (81) 0.91 (100) 49 (91) 78 (85) 0.77 (84) 83 (91) 53 (99) 0.81 (89) 54 (100) 92 (100) 0.85 (94) 47 (88) 80 (88) 0.86 (95) 50 (87) 67 (65) 0.70 (82) 51 (87) 73 (71) 0.73 (86) 52 (90) 80 (78) 0.78 (91) 55 (94) 92 (90) 0.81 (95) 55 (95) 98 (96) 0.85 (100) 58 (100) 103 (100) 0.85 (100) 46 (88) 68 (71) 0.60 (73) 49 (93) 80 (84) 0.73 (89) 46 (87) 73 (77) 0.73 (89) 52 (99) 85 (90) 0.81 (99) 53 (100) 95 (100) 0.81 (99) 49 (92) 89 (93) 0.82 (100) Ed f 2 ࡀ10,000ࢆୗᅇࡿᮇ࠾ࡼࡧEd f 3 ࡀ17,000ࢆୗᅇࡿᮇࢆ♧ࡍ ྛ◳ᗘ ᐃ್ࡢͤࡣ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡀᛴ⃭㸦0.08 kg㸭᪥㸧పୗࡋጞࡵࡿᮇ㸪㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ࡀ2.2 kgࢆୗᅇࡿᮇ㸪 x ()ෆࡣྛᶞࡢྛ╔ᯝ⨨࡛ࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ୰ࡢ್᭱ᑐࡍࡿྜ y CEࡣࢡࣟࣟࢤࣥ㓟┦ᙜ㔞㸪TEࡣĮࢺࢥࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࣝ┦ᙜ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍ z ෆᒙ No.3 ෆᒙ No.2 ෆᒙ No.1 እᒙ No.3 እᒙ No.2 እᒙ No.1 ࣞ࢜ ᥇ྲྀ᪥ ࣓࣮ࢱ್ (kg) 㸦᭶㸭᪥㸧 6/4 1.92 6/7 1.92 1.59 ͤ[ 6/10 1.19 6/13 1.33 6/16 6/19 0.63 6/4 2.09 6/7 2.16 6/10 1.88 ͤ 6/13 1.42 1.41 6/16 6/19 0.63 6/4 2.33 6/7 2.44 6/10 2.05 ͤ 1.57 6/13 1.37 6/16 0.71 6/19 6/4 2.22 6/7 2.67 6/10 2.19 ͤ 1.80 6/13 1.66 6/16 1.08 6/19 6/4 2.32 6/7 1.82 6/10 2.24 6/13 2.27 6/16 1.63 ͤ 1.20 6/19 6/4 2.34 6/7 2.14 6/10 2.24 6/13 2.32 6/16 1.81 ͤ 1.22 6/19 ➨ 21 ⾲ ⾲ ᯝᐇ᥇ྲྀᶞ㸪╔ᯝ⨨࠾ࡼࡧ᥇ྲྀᮇࡢ㐪࠸ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ㸪ᙎᛶᣦᶆ࠾ࡼࡧᱵ㓇ရ㉁㸦2010 ᖺ㸧 - 66 ㈏ධᘧ ◳ᗘィ್ (kg) 4.44 4.09 3.60 3.14 2.61 1.88 ͤ 1.66 3.19 3.07 2.58 2.32 1.66 ͤ 2.67 2.96 2.23 1.93 ͤ 1.82 3.43 2.70 2.28 1.92 ͤ 1.75 4.07 3.31 2.48 2.08 ͤ 1.72 1.65 ᙎᛶᣦᶆ Ed f 2 Ed f 3 2 2 (Hz 䡡m2) (Hz 䡡m2) 18355 37844 15731 30809 12195 21161 11549 19873 8956 ͤ 15065 ͤ 5753 9792 10795 6396 12785 22110 10262 16684 ͤ 10007 16984 6397 ͤ 10654 5988 10256 10637 18490 10814 18569 8187 ͤ 13839 ͤ 5194 8969 5669 9572 12451 21746 12749 21911 9864 ͤ 16787 ͤ 6425 10868 5695 9822 16051 28574 12820 22047 9115 ͤ 15289 ͤ 7701 12805 10009 6011 6880 11219 0.062 0.102 0.096 0.134 0.136 0.137 0.132 0.104 0.144 0.144 0.139 0.147 0.135 0.121 0.131 0.118 0.113 0.076 0.100 0.113 0.129 0.122 0.088 0.117 0.146 0.149 0.159 0.138 (46)y (75) (70) (98) (100) (100) (96) (71) (98) (98) (94) (100) (100) (90) (97) (87) (84) (59) (78) (88) (100) (95) (56) (73) (92) (94) (100) (87) 〓Ⰽᗘ (྾ගᗘ450 nm) 33 38 31 43 47 54 59 30 44 46 48 52 46 47 52 57 52 32 45 46 47 47 31 41 51 50 51 56 (55) (64) (53) (73) (80) (91) (100) (57) (85) (88) (92) (100) (80) (81) (90) (100) (90) (67) (96) (97) (100) (100) (55) (74) (91) (90) (91) (100) ᯝᐇ㔜 ῶᑡ⋡(%) ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞 ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟 ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ ᢠ㓟⬟ -1 -1 z -1 z (g䡡100 mL ) (mgCE䡡100 mL ) ȝPRO7(䡡100 mL ) 0.59 (60) 45 (94) 72 (82) 0.68 (69) 79 (90) 48 (100) 0.86 (87) 48 (99) 78 (90) 0.95 (96) 48 (100) 87 (100) 0.95 (96) 48 (99) 88 (100) 0.96 (97) 42 (88) 81 (92) 0.99 (100) 41 (85) 80 (91) 0.84 (74) 45 (96) 80 (90) 0.88 (78) 47 (100) 88 (99) 0.89 (79) 46 (98) 89 (100) 1.07 (95) 39 (84) 77 (86) 1.13 (100) 40 (87) 82 (93) 0.83 (80) 42 (97) 73 (89) 0.90 (88) 43 (100) 82 (100) 0.93 (90) 40 (93) 80 (97) 0.95 (92) 39 (89) 71 (86) 1.03 (100) 37 (86) 69 (84) 0.77 (75) 41 (95) 69 (85) 0.81 (79) 43 (100) 81 (100) 0.86 (84) 40 (95) 80 (98) 1.03 (100) 38 (90) 75 (92) 1.00 (97) 37 (86) 71 (87) 0.89 (78) 44 (89) 77 (82) 0.85 (75) 47 (96) 89 (96) 0.92 (81) 49 (100) 93 (100) 1.07 (94) 47 (96) 92 (99) 1.14 (100) 45 (93) 88 (95) 1.14 (100) 42 (87) 82 (88) Ed f 2 ࡀ10,000ࢆୗᅇࡿᮇ࠾ࡼࡧEd f 3 ࡀ17,000ࢆୗᅇࡿᮇࢆ♧ࡍ ྛ◳ᗘ ᐃ್ࡢͤࡣ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡀᛴ⃭㸦0.08 kg㸭᪥㸧పୗࡋጞࡵࡿᮇ㸪㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ࡀ2.2 kgࢆୗᅇࡿᮇ㸪 x ()ෆࡣྛᶞࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ୰ࡢ್᭱ᑐࡍࡿྜ y CEࡣࢡࣟࣟࢤࣥ㓟┦ᙜ㔞㸪TEࡣĮࢺࢥࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࣝ┦ᙜ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍ z Cᅬ BᅬNo.3 BᅬNo.2 BᅬNo.1 Aᅬ ࣞ࢜ ᥇ྲྀ᪥ ࣓࣮ࢱ್ (kg) 㸦᭶㸭᪥㸧 3.03 6/8 2.89 6/11 2.00 ͤ[ 6/14 2.24 6/17 1.59 6/20 0.78 6/23 0.97 6/26 2.01 6/14 2.01 6/17 1.69 ͤ 6/20 0.88 6/23 0.83 6/26 2.05 6/14 1.83 6/17 1.32 ͤ 6/20 0.72 6/23 0.78 6/26 2.15 6/14 2.56 6/17 1.89 ͤ 6/20 0.89 6/23 0.82 6/26 2.90 6/16 2.29 ͤ 6/19 1.60 6/22 1.10 6/25 0.80 6/28 0.96 7/1 ➨ 22 ⾲ ᯝᐇ᥇ྲྀᶞ࠾ࡼࡧ᥇ྲྀᮇࡢ㐪࠸ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ㸪ᙎᛶᣦᶆ࠾ࡼࡧᱵ㓇ရ㉁㸦2011 ᖺ㸧 ➨ 23 ⾲ ⾲ ᯝᐇ◳ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧᙎᛶᣦᶆᱵ㓇୰ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞ࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘ ࠉ2010ᖺ 2010ᖺ -0.727 -0.770 -0.697 -0.677 ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್(kg) ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್(kg) 2 2 ᙎᛶᣦᶆࠉEd f 2 (Hz 㺃m ) ᙎᛶᣦᶆࠉEd f 3 (Hz2㺃m2) z ࠉ2011ᖺ 2011ᖺ y *** *** *** *** -0.848 -0.831 -0.850 -0.864 *** *** *** *** z 2010ᖺࡣ1ᅬࡢ3ᶞࡢእᒙ࠾ࡼࡧෆᒙࡼࡾ㸪2011ᖺࡣ3ᅬࡢ5ᶞࡼࡾ㸪 Ⓨ⫱ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࡢ␗࡞ࡿᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀ 2010ᖺࡣn = 36㸪2011ᖺࡣn = 28 y r = 0.999 㸦n = 320, p < 0.0001㸧 8 6 4 2 Em f3 (㽢105 㸪Hz2 䡡kg2/3 ) Em f2 (㽢105 㸪Hz2 䡡kg2/3 ) ***ࡣ0.1%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍ 0 r = 0.999 㸦n = 320, p < 0.0001㸧 15 12 9 6 3 0 0 4 8 12 Ed f2 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) 0 6 12 18 Ed f3 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) ➨ 23 ᅗ ㏣ ⇍ ᮲ ௳ ࡢ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ᯝ ᐇ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ྛ ᙎ ᛶ ᣦ ᶆ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ 㸦 2011 ᖺ 㸧 ᯝ ᐇ 㝵 ⣭ 4 L ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ 2 L ࡣ ㏣ ⇍ ᗘ 2 0 ° C ࡛ 㸪ᯝ ᐇ 㝵 ⣭ 3 L ࡣ ㏣ ⇍ ᗘ 2 0 㸪2 5 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ 3 0 ° C ࡛ ㏣ ⇍ ࡋ 㸪 ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ 4 L 2 0 ° C 㸪3 L 2 0 ° C 㸪2 L 2 0 ° C 㸪3 L 2 5 ° C 㸪3 L 3 0 ° C ࡋ ࡓ ㏣ ⇍ ᪥ ᩘ ࡣ 0 㹼6 ᪥ 㸦3L30°C ࡣ ⭉ ᩋ ᯝ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ 0 㹼 5 ᪥ 㸧 - 67 ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ (kg) 1.8 4L 20Υ 3L 20Υ 2L 20Υ 3L 25Υ 3L 30Υ 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.0 0 2 4 6 Ed f3 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) Ed f2 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ 16 12 8 4 0 0 2 4 6 ㏣⇍᪥ᩘ ➨ 2 4 ᅗ ㏣ ⇍ ᮲ ௳ ࡢ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ᯝ ᐇ ࡢ ◳ ᗘ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ᙎ ᛶ ᣦ ᶆ ࡢ ᥎ ⛣㸦 2 0 1 1 ᖺ 㸧 ヲ ⣽ ࡣ➨ 23 ᅗ ཧ ↷ ࣂ ࣮ ࡣ ᶆ ‽ ㄗ ᕪ ࢆ♧ ࡍ 㸦 n = 10 㸧 - 68 䡎 = 0.909 12 Ed f3 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) Ed f2 (㽢103㸪Hz2㺃m2) 䡎 = 0.889 䠄n = 320, p < 0.0001䠅 14 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್㸦kg㸧 䠄n = 320, p < 0.0001䠅 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್㸦kg㸧 ➨ 25 ᅗ ㏣ ⇍ ᮲ ௳ ࡢ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ᯝ ᐇ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࣞ ࢜ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ್ ᙎ ᛶ ᣦ ᶆ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ 㸦 2011 ᖺ 㸧 ヲ ⣽ ࡣ➨ 23 ᅗ ཧ ↷ ⪃ᐹ ➹⪅ࡽࡣ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱࡼࡿᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡀᛴ⃭పୗࡋጞࡵࡿᮇࡀ㸪ᯝᐇࡸຍᕤࡋࡓᱵ 㓇ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡀከࡃྵࡲࢀࡿᮇࡢᣦᶆ࡞ࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2007a㸧㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪➨ 3 ❶ 3 ⠇࡛ࡣᱵ㓇୰ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡀཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡢ㛫ᙉ࠸┦㛵 㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡀ 0.98 kg ࡼࡾࡁ࠸ᯝᐇࢆ㝖ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ⰾ㤶ᡂศࡀከ ࠸ᱵ㓇ࢆ〇㐀࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡣᱵ㓇ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡸⰾ㤶 ᡂศࡢྵ㔞ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢཎᩱ㑅ᐃࡢᣦᶆ࡞ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪⌧ᆅ࠾ࡅࡿỗ⏝ᛶ ࡢ㧗࠸ᣦᶆࡍࡿࡣ㸪◳ᗘࡢ ᐃ᪉ἲࡢᨵⰋࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ௨እࡢ⨨࡛࣓࢘ࡢᯝᐇ◳ᗘࢆ ᐃࡋࡓࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᜠ⏣ࡽ㸦1995㸧ࡀ㏆ ㉥እศගἲࡼࡾ㸪Chuma ࡽ㸦1982㸧ࡀ delayed light emission ࡼࡾ㠀◚ቯ࡛◳ᗘࢆ᥎ᐃ ࡛ࡁࡿࡍࡿሗ࿌ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀᐇ⏝ࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬㠀◚ቯ࡛ࡢ◳ᗘ ᐃࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㏆ ᖺ㸪ᑠᆺࡢ㡢㡪ື◳ᗘィ㸦ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィ㸧ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ⇍ᗘ᥎ᐃ㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌ ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪࣓࢘ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌ࡣࡳ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィ࡛ᯝᐇⓎ⫱୰ࡸ✭ᚋࡢᙎᛶᣦᶆࡢኚࢆ ᐃࡋ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ ࢱ್ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡶ㸪ᙎᛶᣦᶆᱵ㓇ရ㉁ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Ⓨ⫱ ୰ࡢᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘኚࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡼࡾ⡆᫆࡞㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ ᐃἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᐇ⏝ ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬 ᰕᙧࣉࣛࣥࢪ࣮ࣕ┤ᚄ 3 mm ࡢ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ࡛ࡢ ᐃࡼࡾ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡣᑡࡋ ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᶞ࠾ࡼࡧ᥇ྲྀᮇࡢ㐪࠸ࡼࡿ◳ᗘᕪࡸྠࡌᶞࡢ╔ᯝ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸ࡼࡿ◳ - 69 ᗘᕪࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘุ᩿ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィẚ࡚࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀᙅࡗࡓ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱࡢ௦⏝ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィࡣࡸࡸ⢭ᗘ ࡢຎࡿ ᐃἲ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㏣⇍୰ࡢᯝᐇࡣᰂࡽ࠸ࡓࡵ㧗࠸⢭ᗘ࡛ࡢ ᐃࡀᅔ㞴 ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⏕⏘⌧ሙ࡛ࡢ◳ᗘࡢ┠Ᏻ㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィ࡛ࡢ ᐃࡘ࠸࡚㸪࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡣ✀Ꮚࡀ༨ࡵࡿྜࡀࡁࡃ㸪㟷ᯝ✭ ⤊ᮇࡲ࡛ࡣᴃᙧ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡢᯝᐇྠࡌᙎᛶᣦᶆࡢ⟬ฟᘧࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ࠺࡛᫂࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪➨ 2 ඹ㬆࿘Ἴᩘࡲࡓࡣ➨ 3 ඹ㬆࿘Ἴᩘᯝᐇᶓᚄࡲࡓࡣᯝ ᐇ㔜ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ 4 ࡘࡢ⟬ฟᘧ࡛᭱㐺࡞ ᐃ᪉ἲࡶ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᙎᛶᣦᶆࡢ⟬ ฟࡣ㸪⏕⫱୰ࡢᯝᐇ㸪㏣⇍୰ࡢᯝᐇࡶ㸪┤ᚄࡲࡓࡣᯝᐇ㔜ࡢࡕࡽࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡶᕪ ࡞ࡃ㸪㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィྠᵝ㸪ྛᙎᛶᣦᶆࡶ◳ᗘᕪࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࣞ ࣓࣮࢜ࢱࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィẚ࡚ᙉࡃ㸪ࡼࡾ㧗࠸⢭ᗘ࡛◳ᗘࢆ ᐃྍ⬟ุ ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪Ed f 3 ࡼࡾࡶ Ed f 2 ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࠺ࡀ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀᙉ࠸ࡓࡵ㸪 ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱࡢ௦⏝ࡋ࡚ࡣ Ed f 2 ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡢࡀࡼ࠸ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィ࡛ࡣ㸪 ╔ᯝ≧ែࡢ࣓࢘ᯝᐇ࡛ࡶ◳ᗘᣦᶆࡢ ᐃࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ຍ࠼࡚㠀◚ቯ ᐃࡢࡓࡵྠࡌᯝᐇ ࡢ◳ᗘኚࢆ ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡽ㸪ᯝᐇࡼࡿ◳ᗘࡢࣂࣛࢶ࢟ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡃ࠸ ᐃ᪉ ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ḟ㸪ᮏヨ㦂࠾࠸࡚㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡢከ࠸ᱵ㓇ࢆ〇㐀ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᣦᶆࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓ ࡇࢁ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ࡛ࡢ ᐃࡳࡽࢀࡿᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡀᛴ⃭పୗࡍࡿᮇࢆ㸪ᦠᖏᆺື ◳ᗘィࡸ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィࡼࡾ᫂☜ุ᩿࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ᙎᛶᣦᶆ Ed f 2㸪Ed f 3 ࠾ࡼ ࡧ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ࡣ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ྠᵝᱵ㓇୰ࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㈇ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀᙉࡃ㸪 ᱵ㓇୰ࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞ࡢ┠Ᏻ࡞ࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Ed f 2 ࡀ 10,000 ࡲࡓࡣ Ed f 3 ࡀ 17,000 ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇࡢᯝᐇࡶࡋࡃࡣࣉࣛࣥࢪ࣮ࣕ┤ᚄ 3 mm ࡢ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ࡛ 2.2 kg ࢆ ୗᅇࡗࡓᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡣᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞ࡀከࡃ㸪ཎᩱ㑅ᐃᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁ ࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬᪤ሗ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2007a㸧࡛㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ ᭱࡞ࡿᮇࡣ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡀᛴ⃭పୗࡋጞࡵࡿᮇࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢ๓ᚋ 5 ᪥ࡢᮇ࡛ ࠶ࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓ㸬ᮏヨ㦂࡛ࡶᱵ㓇ࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ᭱࡞ࡿ ᮇࡣ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡀᛴ⃭పୗࡋጞࡵࡿᮇࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢ๓ᚋ 6 ᪥௨ෆࡢᮇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ᪤ሗࡰ୍⮴ࡋࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪ᮏヨ㦂࡛ Ed f 2 ࡀ 10,000 ࡲࡓࡣ Ed f 3 ࡀ 17,000 ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇ ࡢᯝᐇࡶࡋࡃࡣ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ࡛ 2.2 kg ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇࡣ㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼ ࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ᭱࡞ࡿᮇࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢ๓ᚋ 3 ᪥ࡢᮇ୍⮴ࡋࡓ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢᱵ㓇ཎᩱࡢ㑅ᐃᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࡣ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡼࡾࡶ⢭ᗘⰋࡃุᐃ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ㸪ᚋࡉࡽከࡃࡢᅬᆅ࡛ࡢㄪᰝࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ୍᪉㸪➹⪅ࡽࡣ➨ 3 ❶ 3 ⠇࠾࠸࡚㸪͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸࡚〇㐀ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢ⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡ ࢺࣥ㸦Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡢྜィ㸧㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝࡢྛⰾ㤶 ᡂศྵ㔞ࡶ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡢ㛫ࡣᙉ࠸┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘ ࡀ 0.98 kg ࡼࡾࡁ࠸ᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪ྛⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡀࡰ 50 μg㺃L -1 ᮍ‶࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂ - 70 ศྵ㔞ࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡀ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸬ᮏヨ㦂࡛ࡣᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂ ศࢆㄪᰝࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィ್ࡣ Ed f 2㸪Ed f 3 ࡶ㸪ᯝᐇⓎ⫱୰࠾ࡼࡧ㏣⇍ ୰ࡢࡕࡽࡶ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡢ㛫ᙉ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇࡽ㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂศࡢ ከ࠸ᱵ㓇〇㐀ࡢࡓࡵࡢཎᩱ㑅ᐃᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᮏヨ㦂࡛Ⓨ⫱୰ ࡢᯝᐇࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ed f 2 ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡢ㛫ࡣ y = 4525x + 2306㸦y ࡣ Ed f 2㸪x ࡣ࣓ࣞ࢜ ࣮ࢱ್㸧ࡢ㛵ಀᘧࡀᚓࡽࢀ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡀ 0.98 kg ࡢࡣ㸪Ed f 2 ࡀ 6,741 ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡼࡗ ࡚㸪ࡇࡢᩘ್ࡀⰾ㤶ᡂศࡀከ࠸ᱵ㓇ࢆ〇㐀ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ✭ᣦᶆ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ ࡽ㸪ᚋ㸪ᐇ㝿 Ed f 2 ࡢ ᐃ್ࡀᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศࢆ㧗ࡵࡿᣦᶆ࡞ࡿ᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 - 71 ⥲ ྜ⪃ᐹ ࣓࢘ࡣ⏕ᯝ࡛㣗ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ࡢᯝᐇࡢࡼ࠺㸪⢾㸪㓟ࡢྵ㔞ࡸ㣗࡛ホ౯ࡉࢀ࡞࠸㸬 ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ෆᐜᡂศࡸ㣗ᡂศࡢྥୖࡢࡓࡵࡢ᱂ᇵ⟶⌮࠾ࡼࡧ⇍ᗘ⟶⌮᪉ἲࡢ᳨ウࡣ ࢇ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪ᾘ㈝⪅ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶࡢ㛵ᚰࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢᾘ㈝ ࡢఙࡧࡶࡑࡢရ㉁ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㛵ᚰࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡸࡑࡢຍᕤရ ࠾ࡅࡿᶵ⬟ᛶ㛵ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ✚㸪ရ㉁ྥୖࡀࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᾘ㈝ᣑ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿᛮ ࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪͂༡㧗̓ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪⇍ᗘࡸ᱂ᇵ⎔ቃࡢ㛵 ಀࢆヲ⣽ㄪᰝࡋࡓࡣぢ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒࡽ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ ࡣᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ㤶ࡾᡂศඃࢀࡓᱵ㓇〇㐀ࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᯝ ᐇࡢ᱂ᇵ࠾ࡼࡧ⇍ᗘ⟶⌮ᢏ⾡ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽࡋࡼ࠺ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᯝᐇࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡀ 㧗ࡲࡿ᱂ᇵせᅉࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᫂ࡽࡋࡼ࠺ࡋࡓ㸬 ග⎔ቃ䛜䜴䝯ᯝᐇ䛾⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ䛚䜘䜃ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪 ͂༡㧗̓ࡣ㸪㝧ࡀᙜࡓࡿ㒊ศⓗ⣚Ⰽࢆᖏࡧࡿ≉ᚩࢆࡶࡘ㸬⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ⣸እගࡀ㛵ಀ ࡍࡿࡇࡀ㸪࢜࢘ࢺ࢘㸦Arakawa㸪1993㸹Kataoka ࡽ㸪1996㸧㸪ࣔࣔ㸦Kataoka and Beppu㸪 2004㸧㸪ࣜࣥࢦ㸦Arakawa㸪1988㸹Ⲩᕝ㸪2000㸹ஂಖࡽ㸪1988㸧㸪ࣈࢻ࢘㸦Kataoka ࡽ㸪2003㸧 ➼࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࣓࢘ࡘ࠸࡚⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣ ࢇ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓ㸬➨ 2 ❶ 1 ⠇࡛㸪ᶞୖࡢᯝᐇࢆ UV ࢝ࢵࢺࣇ࣒࡛ࣝᯝᐇࢆそ࠺ ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡏࡎ㸪⣸እග㸦ࣆ࣮ࢡἼ㛗 306 nm㸧ࢆ↷ᑕࡍࡿ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡋࡓࡇࡽ㸪ୖグ ရ┠ྠᵝ㸪⣸እගࡀ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ㔜せ࡞ാࡁࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ㸪ᮏ◊ ✲ࡢᚋ㸪➹⪅ࡽࡣ✭ᚋࡢᯝᐇᑐࡍࡿ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ᪉ἲࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡑ࠺ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔ㸦Ụࡽ㸪 2012㸧㸬ࡇࢁࡀ㸪✭ᚋࡢᯝᐇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⣸እගࡢࡳࡢ↷ᑕ࡛ࡣ༑ศ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡋ࡞ ࡗࡓࡇࡽ㸪ࣜࣥࢦ㸦Ⲩᕝ㸪2000㸧࠾ࡅࡿ UV-B ㉥Ⰽගࡢྠ↷ᑕ࡛⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡀᙉ ࡲࡿࡢ▱ぢࢆཧ⪃㸪⣸እගྍどගࡢྠ↷ᑕࡢ࣓࢘ᑐࡍࡿຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ ⤖ᯝ㸪⣸እග㉥Ⰽගࡢྠ↷ᑕ࡛⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡀᙉࡲࡾ㸪ࣜࣥࢦྠᵝ㉥Ⰽගࡀ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ 㔜せ࡞ാࡁࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ගᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࣞࣔࣥ࠾ࡼࡧࣜࣥࢦ࡛ᯝ⓶ࡢᢠ㓟⬟ࡣගࡼࡾ㧗ࡲ ࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Kondo ࡽ㸪2003㸧㸬࣓࢘ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⣚Ⰽࢆᖏࡧࡿ㝧ගᯝࡣ࣏ࣜ ࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ㧗࠸ᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡽ㸪➨ 2 ❶ 1 ⠇࡛࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇ ࡢᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽရ㉁ᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࡍࡿ㸪ᯝᐇ⾲㠃 ࡢ 25㸣௨ୖ㩭᫂⣚Ⰽࢆᖏࡧࡓᯝᐇࡣ㸪⣚Ⰽࢆᖏࡧ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᯝᐇẚ࡚ᯝ⓶ࢆྵࡴᯝ⫗ ࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡀࡁ࠸ࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬࣏ ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓせᅉࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪᭷ᐖ࡞⣸እගࡽ⤌⧊ࢆಖㆤࡍ ࡿ⬟ຊࢆࡶࡘࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣄࢻࣟ࢟ࢩ᱇⓶㓟㢮ࡀ͂༡㧗̓ࡢ࡞࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝᡂ ศ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᑿᓮ㸪2009㸧ࡇࡽ㸪⣸እගࡼࡗ࡚ࣄࢻࣟ࢟ࢩ᱇⓶㓟㢮ࡢྵ㔞ࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞ࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓせᅉࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᯝᐇ⮬యගྜᡂ⬟ຊࡀ࠶ - 72 ࡿࡇࡣ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦ᯇ㸪1989㸧㸪ᯝᐇ᪥ගࡀᙜࡓࡿࡇ࡛ⅣỈ≀ྵ㔞ࡀቑຍࡋ ࡓࡓࡵ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࡢቑຍࡣ㸪✭๓ 4 㐌㛫ࡼࡾ㛗ᮇࡢ᪥ගࡀᚲせุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ࡉࡽ㸪✭ᚋᯝᐇࡢ UV-B ࡢ↷ᑕࡀࣜࣥࢦᯝᐇࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡸ 㸦Lancaster ࡽ㸪2000㸧㸪UV-C ࡢ↷ᑕࡀࢳࢦᯝᐇࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ㸦Erkan, 2008㸧ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸪✭ᚋࡢ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ⣸እගࡲ ࡓࡣ㉥Ⰽගࡢྠ↷ᑕࡀ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ ࡀ㸪᫂☜࡞ຠᯝࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ගࡢᙉᗘࡸἼ㛗ࡢ᳨ウࡀᚋࡢ᳨ウㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᚑ᮶ࡽ㸪ᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢ 30㸣௨ୖ㩭᫂⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡋࡓᯝᐇࡣ㸪㏻⛠ࠕ⣚༡㧗ࠖࡋ࡚እほ ࡢ⨾ࡋࡉࡽ㏻ᖖࡢᯝᐇࡢ 2㹼3 ಸ⛬ᗘ࡛ྲྀᘬࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏヨ㦂࡛ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡶඃࢀࡿ ࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡛㸪㧗ຍ౯್ᯝᐇࡋ࡚ࡢᏳᐃⓗ࡞ホ౯ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲ࡢᚋ㸪ࠕ⣚༡㧗ࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇࠾ࡼࡧ⢾ᢳฟᾮࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ㧗࠸ࡇࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ḟ㸪⏕⏘⪅ࡢ┈ᛶྥୖࡢࡓࡵ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿ᭷ຠ࡞⏕⏘ᢏ⾡ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡑ࠺ 㸪ࡢᯝᶞ࡛ྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿග⎔ቃᨵၿᢏ⾡ࡢ࣓࡛࢘ࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪 ᯝᐇ࿘㎶ࡢᯞⴥࢆษ㝖ࡋ࡚ 3 㐌㛫⛬ᗘ᪥ගࢆᙜ࡚ࡿ㸪⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽ㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪ேⅭⓗࠕ⣚༡㧗ࠖࢆసฟ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ ぢ࠸ࡔࡋࡓ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪ᶞෙእ࿘㒊ୗᑕ࣐ࣝࢳࢆᩜタࡋ࡚ 40 ᪥㛫ᑕගࢆᙜ࡚࡚ࡶ㩭᫂ ࡣ╔Ⰽࡏࡎ㸪ࣥࢺࢩࢽࣥⓎ⌧ࡣᑕගࡢගᙉᗘ࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡽ㸪 ᑕ࣐ࣝࢳᩜタࡼࡾ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࣔࣔࡸ࢜࢘ࢺ࢘㸦ᮡᾆ㸪2010㸧➼ࡼࡾࡶ࣓࢘͂༡ 㧗̓ࡣᙉ࠸ගࢆᚲせࡍࡿࡇࡶ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞▱ぢࢆࡶ㸪➉୰ࡽ㸦2009㸧 ࡣᯝᐇຠ⋡ⓗ┤ᑕගࢆᙜ࡚ࡿ᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࡋ㸪ᚰⴥࡢే⏝ฎ⌮ࡼࡾ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝ ᐇࡢ⏕⏘ຠ⋡ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿᢏ⾡ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ㸪ḷᒣ┴ࡢ⏕⏘⌧ሙ࡛ࡶᐇ⏝ᢏ⾡ࡋ࡚ά⏝ࡉࢀ㸪 ᑟධ㠃✚ࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪➉୰ࡽ㸦2010㸧ࡣ⣚Ⰽ╔Ⰽᯝᐇࡢ⏕⏘ຠ⋡ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿᩚᯞἲ ࡶぢ࠸ࡔࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࠕ⣚༡㧗ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㧗ຍ౯್ᯝᐇࡋ࡚ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪㏆ᖺ㸪㧗 ຍ౯್ᱵ㓇ࡢཎᩱࡋ࡚ࡶ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᚋࡶ㟂せࡀぢ㎸ࡵࡿࡇ ࡽ㸪ࠕ⣚༡㧗ࠖࡢቑ⏘ᢏ⾡ࡣ┈ᛶྥୖࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ╔ ᯝ⨨䛾㐪䛔䛜䜴䝯ᯝᐇ䛚䜘䜃ᱵ㓇䛾ရ㉁䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪 ࣓࢘ࡢ✭ᮇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ෆᐜᡂศᇶ࡙ࡃࡼ࠺࡞᫂☜࡞ᇶ‽ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ḷᒣ┴ࡢ ⏘ᆅ࡛ࡣᯝᐇ⾲㠃ࡢẟࡌࡢᢤࡅලྜࡸⰍࡘࡸ࠸ࡗࡓእほࢆぢࡓ┠࡛ホ౯ࡋ࡚✭ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ホ౯ᣦᶆࢆࡶ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ✭㛤ጞᮇࢆᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾ ࡶ 7 ᪥⛬ᗘ㐜ࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㇂ཱྀ㸪1998㸧㸬➨ 2 ❶ 2 ⠇࡛✭㛤ጞࡢ 1 ࡘࡢᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿẟࡌ ࡢᢤࡅලྜࡀ 30㸣௨ୖ࡞ࡗࡓᮇࡀෆᒙࡢᯝᐇ࡛ࡣእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶᖹᆒ 7 ᪥㐜ࡗࡓ ࡇࡽ㸪⌧⾜ࡢ✭᪉ἲࡀ㐺ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢⓎ⫱ࡣ㸪ᯝᐇ ᗘࡀ㧗࠸᪩ࡲࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸦Suzuki ࡽ㸪1995㸧㸪╔ᯝ⨨ู⾲㠃 ᗘࢆ ㄪᰝࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡣෆᒙẚ࡚ᯝᐇࡢ⾲㠃 ᗘࡀ 1 ᪥ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㧗࠸ࡇࡀ♧ࡉ - 73 ࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⥅⥆ⓗ࡞ᯝᐇ ᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡀ㸪ᯝᐇࡢ⫧ࡸᡂ⇍ᮇࡢ㐪࠸ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࡀ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ḟ㸪7 ᪥⛬ᗘ✭ᮇࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡿࡇࡢෆᒙᯝᐇࡢရ㉁ᑐࡍࡿຠᯝࢆㄪࡓࡇࢁ㸪 ᯝᐇ㔜㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ㸦᫂ࡿࡉ㸪㯤Ⰽࡳ㸧࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡣ㸪ᶞෙࡢෆᒙእᒙࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞ ᮇ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇ㛫ᕪࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪✭ᮇࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡿ᭷ຠᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᯝ⫗ࡢ ࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟㸪ࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ ȕ-࢝ࣟࢸࣥྵ㔞ࡶྠᵝ㸪ᶞෙࡢෆᒙእᒙࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤 ጞᮇ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇ㛫࡛ᕪࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡽᡂศ㠃࡛ࡶ✭ᮇࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡿ᭷ຠᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽ ࢀࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ㸪➨ 2 ❶ 3 ⠇࡛ᶞෙෆᒙ࠾ࡼࡧᶞෙእᒙࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ✭ࡋࡓᯝᐇࢆ ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇࡛ẚ㍑ࡋࡓሙྜࡶࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ࡸࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ᕪࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪✭ᮇࢆ㐜ࡽ ࡏࡿ᭷ຠᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸬㣗ᡂศࡘ࠸࡚➨ 3 ❶ 2 ⠇࡛ㄪᰝࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ⱞࡳࢆ♧ࡍࣉ ࣝࢼࢩࣥ➨ 3 ❶ 1 ⠇࡛㟷ࡗࡱ࠸㤶Ẽᡂศุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓᏳᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡢྵ㔞ࡣ㸪ཎᩱᯝ ᐇࡢ✭ᮇࡀ㐜࠸ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙ࠾ࡼࡧᶞෙእᒙࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞ ᮇ✭ࡋࡓᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿᕪࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡽᛌࢆྠ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛పῶ ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᯝ⫗ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ㸪ຍᕤࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧ㣗ᡂศࡢ㠃 ࡽࡶ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ✭㛤ጞᮇࢆᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡼࡾࡶ 7 ᪥⛬ᗘ㐜ࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧⾜ ࡢ✭᪉ἲࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡸࡑࢀࢆຍᕤࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡣ ⇍ᗘࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚᥇ྲྀࡋࡓእᒙࡢࡶࡢࡲ࡛ࡇࢀࡽᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡀ㐩ࡋ࡞࠸ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᯝ⫗࡛ࡣᯝᐇⓎ⫱ࡀ㐍ࡴࡘࢀ࡚ῶᑡ ࡍࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪✭ࢆ 7 ᪥⛬ᗘ㐜ࡽࡏࡿࡇ࡛㸪ࡴࡋࢁᯝ⫗ࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡸᢠ 㓟⬟ࢆῶᑡࡉࡏ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪ᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋࡓሙྜ࡛ࡣ㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡣ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇ࡛ࡣཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ✭ᮇࡀ㐜࠸ከࡃ࡞ࡿ ഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙ࠾ࡼࡧᶞෙእᒙࡢ㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ✭ࡋࡓᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇࡛ẚ ㍑ࡍࡿ㸪ෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇࡛ඃࢀࡿഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬୕㇂࣭▮㔝㸦2006㸧ࡣ✀ከ ࡃࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝࡀᏑᅾࡋ㸪⇍ᗘ㐍⾜ࡶቑຍࡍࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸪 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌧㇟ࡣ✀ࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝࡢቑຍࡀ㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ㸬㏆ᖺ㸪 ᱵ㓑⏤᮶ࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝࡢᶵ⬟ࡀከࡃぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦୕㇂㸪2010㸹୕㇂࣭▮㔝㸪 2006㸧㸪ࡑࡢ୰ࡣ✀⏤᮶ࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡽ㸪ෆᒙ ᯝᐇࡣ✀ࡢᡂศࡶᢳฟࡉࢀࡿᱵ㓇ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຍᕤရࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿⅬ࡛ࡣඃ ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ḟ㸪㯤⇍ᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ㸬➨ 3 ❶ 1 ⠇࡛㸪⇍ࡋࡓᯝ ᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢࣇ࣮ࣝࢸ࣮࡞㤶Ẽ㛵ࡍࡿᡂศࡢ୍㒊ࡀ Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪į-ࢹ ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ㓑㓟ࣈࢳ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀ㸪➨ 2 ⠇࡛㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇ ࢆᱵ㓇⏝࠸ࡓሙྜ㸪㯤⇍ᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡍࡿ㸪Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ࠾ ࡼࡧ㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡀᖜቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙ ྜ㸪✭ࢆ㐜ࡽࡏ࡚ࡶ㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝྵ㔞ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥྵ㔞ࡶࡑࡢ 6 ᪥๓ࡢእᒙࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶᑡ࡞࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢᱵ㓇ࡣእᒙࡢࡶࡢ - 74 ࡲ࡛ࣇ࣮ࣝࢸ࣮࡞ⰾ㤶ࡀ㐩ࡋ࡞࠸ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ከࡃࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡸ㣗ᡂ ศࡽࡳ࡚㸪ᱵ㓇ࡣእᒙࡢᯝᐇࡀ㐺ࡍࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆඛ ✭ࡍࡿ㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࡢ⏕㛗ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀ㸪㣴ศࡢศ㓄ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇࡶணࡉࢀ㸪 ᚋ㸪ᶞෙእᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆඛ✭ࡋࡓᚋࡢᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇရ㉁࠾ࡼࡧᱵ㓇ရ㉁ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウ ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᚋ㏙ࡿࡼ࠺㸪➨ 3 ❶ 1 ⠇࡛㏣⇍ࡼࡾⰾ㤶ᡂศࡣ㧗ࡵࡽࢀ ࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸪ⰾ㤶ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ෆᒙᯝᐇ࡛ࡶ㏣⇍ࡼࡾእᒙᯝᐇྠ ➼ࡲ࡛㧗ࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠺ࡶ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᱵᖸࡋࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ຍᕤ୰㤶Ẽᡂศ ࡢኚࡸᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡢᱵ㓑ࡢ⛣⾜ࡀࡁࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡽᡂศࡢᯝᐇ࠾ࡅࡿྵ㔞ࡀࡉᙳ 㡪ࡋ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ㸪ෆᒙᯝᐇࡣእᒙᯝᐇࡁࡃ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ᱵᖸࡋࡋ࡚ዲࡲࢀ ࡿ୰⛬ᗘࡢࡁࡉ࡞ࡿࡇࡽ㸪ෆᒙᯝᐇࡣᱵᖸࡋ⏝ཎᩱࡍࡿࡢࡀࡼ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᶞෙෆᒙࡢᯝᐇࢆ 7 ᪥⛬ᗘ㐜ࡽࡏ࡚✭ࡍࡿࡇࡣ㸪እほရ㉁ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡃ㸪ᯝᐇ࠾ࡼࡧᱵ㓇୰ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡸᱵ㓇ࡢ㣗ᡂศࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡸᢠ㓟⬟ඃࢀࡓᱵ㓇ࡸᱵᖸࡋ㐀ࡾࡣෆ ᒙᯝᐇࢆ㸪㤶ࡾࡸࡑࡢࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศඃࢀࡓᱵ㓇㐀ࡾࡣእᒙᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡢࡀⰋ࠸ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪╔ᯝ⨨ࡣཎᩱ㑅ᐃࡢ 1 ࡘࡢᇶ‽ࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿᛮࢃࢀࡓ㸬 ㏣ ⇍䛜䜴䝯ᯝᐇ䛚䜘䜃ᱵ㓇䛾ရ㉁䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪 ᯝᐇࡢ⇍ᗘࡣ㏣⇍ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ㐍⾜ࡍࡿ㸬࣓࢘ࡣ✭ᮇࡀ㧗 ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽ㸪✭ᚋࡢ ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇࡣ㏣⇍ࡼࡿ㯤࠾ࡼࡧ㌾ࡀᛴ㏿㉳ࡇࡾ㸦㔝ࡽ㸪1984㸧㸪᭷ᶵ㓟㸪 ⢾㸪࣌ࢡࢳࣥ㸦✄ⴥ࣭୰ᮧ㸪1981㸹㔝ࡽ㸪1984㸹ᑠᐑᒣࡽ㸪1985㸹ᐑᓮ㸪1983㸹எ㯮ࡽ㸪 1994a㸧➼ࡢෆᐜᡂศࡶኚࡍࡿ㸬୍⯡ရ㉁ࡢ㧗࠸ᱵ㓇ࢆసࡿࡣࠕ㟷ࡃ࡚ሀ࠸ࠖᯝᐇࡀ 㐺ࡍࡿࡉࢀࡿࡇࡽ㸦⸨ᕳ㸪2002㸧㸪࣓࢘ࡣ㏻ᖖ✭ᚋࡍࡄὶ㏻࣭ຍᕤࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡑ ࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࠕ㟷ࡃ࡚ሀ࠸ࠖ≧ែࢆಖᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ప ㈓ⶶ㸦ᒾ⏣࣭⥴᪉㸪1976㸧㸪࢚ࢳࣞ ࣥ㝖ཤ㸦ᐑᓮ㸪1983㸹ᙇࡽ㸪1994㸧㸪1-MCP㸦ሷぢࡽ㸪2008㸧㸪ໟ㈨ᮦ㸦ὸぢ࣭㟷ᰗ㸪 1997㸹ὸぢ࣭⏣୰㸪1990a㸪b㸹㕥ᮌࡽ㸪2008㸧➼ࡢ㠃ࡽ◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪 ࣓࢘ᯝᐇ࠾ࡼࡧຍᕤရᑐࡋ࡚㏣⇍ࡍࡿࡇࡢⅬࡀ࡞࠸⪃࠼㸪᪤ሗ࡛㏣⇍ᮇ㛫 㸦20°C ࡛ 6 ᪥௨ෆ㸧ࡀᱵ㓇ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2008㸧㸬ࡑࡢ ⤖ᯝ㸪㟷ᯝ✭┒ᮇ௨ᚋ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇࡢሙྜࡣ㸪᭷ᶵ㓟࠾ࡼࡧࢯࣝࣅࢺ࣮ࣝྵ㔞ࡢ㠃 ࡛✭ᚋ㏿ࡸຍᕤࡍࡿ᪉ࡀࡼࡃ㸪㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ௨๓᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇࡢሙྜࡣ㸪᭷ ᶵ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡢ㠃࡛ 4 ᪥⛬ᗘ㏣⇍ࡋ࡚ຍᕤࡍࡿ᪉ࡀࡼ࠸ ࡋࡓ㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪㟷ᯝ✭㛤ጞᮇ௨๓᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᯝᐇࢆ㏣⇍ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᶞୖ࡛⏕⫱ࡉࡏࡓᯝ ᐇࢆཎᩱࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡣࡇࢀࡽᡂศ㔞ࡀཬࡤ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㏣ ⇍ᢏ⾡ࡢ⏝ࡣ㸪✭㛤ጞᮇ௨๓ࡢᯝᐇࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓሙྜ㝈ࡽࢀࡿุ᩿ࡋࡓ㸬 ➨ 3 ❶ 1 ⠇࡛㏣⇍ࡀᱵ㓇ࡢ㣗ᡂศ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂศ㔞 ࡣࡼࡾ✭ࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡓᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡢ᪉ࡀከࡃ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ཎᩱᯝᐇࢆ 20°C ࡛ 4 ᪥ ࡲࡓࡣ 30°C ࡛ 3 ᪥㏣⇍ࡍࡿ୍ᒙ㧗ࡲࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢ㟷ࡗࡱ࠸ - 75 㤶Ẽ㛵ࡍࡿᏳᜥ㤶㓟࢚ࢳࣝࡣ㸪20°C ࡛ࡣ 5 ᪥௨ෆ㸪30 ࠾ࡼࡧ 35°C ࡛ࡣ 3 ᪥௨ෆࡢ㏣ ⇍࡛ࡣ㸪✭┤ᚋₕࡅࡓሙྜẚ࡚ྠ⛬ᗘࡑࢀ௨ୗ࡛᥎⛣ࡋ㸪ⱞࡳ㛵ࡍࡿࣉࣝ ࢼࢩࣥ࠾ࡼࡧࢩࣗ࢘㓟ྵ㔞ࡣ 20°C ࡛ 4 ᪥㸪30°C ࡛ 3 ᪥㏣⇍ࡍࡿῶᑡࡋࡓ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ⰾ 㤶ࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚㟷ࡗࡱ࠸㤶Ẽᡂศࡸⱞࡳᡂศࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪ࡼࡾ⇍ࡋࡓᯝᐇࢆ✭ࡋ࡚㸪 20°C ࡛ 4 ᪥ࡶࡋࡃࡣ 30°C ࡛ 3 ᪥㏣⇍ࡉࡏ࡚ࡽຍᕤࡍࡿࡢࡀⰋ࠸ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇࡽ㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡢ㠃࡛ࡣ㟷ᯝ✭┒ᮇ௨ᚋࡢ⇍ᗘࡀ㐍ࢇࡔᯝᐇࢆ✭ࡋ ࡚㏿ࡸຍᕤࡍࡿ᪉ࡀⰋ࠸ࡀ㸪㣗ᡂศࡢ㠃࡛ࡣࡼࡾ⇍ᗘࡀ㐍ࢇࡔᯝᐇࢆ✭ࡋ࡚ 20°C ࡛ 4 ᪥ࡶࡋࡃࡣ 30°C ࡛ 3 ᪥㏣⇍ࡉࡏ࡚ࡽຍᕤࡍࡿࡢࡀⰋ࠸ゝ࠼㸪⏝㏵࠾ࡼࡧᾘ㈝⪅ ࡢႴዲᛂࡌ࡚✭ᚋ⇍ᗘㄪᩚࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀရ㉁ྥୖࡢࡓࡵ᭷ຠ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪 ㏆ᖺ㸪༑ศ㯤⇍ࡋ࡞࠸ࡲࡲⴠᯝࡍࡿᖺࡀࡳࡽࢀ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᖺࡢᯝᐇࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲᱵ㓇⏝ ࠸ࡿⰾ㤶ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪〇ရࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศ㔞ࢆᏳᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⇍ᗘㄪᩚᢏ⾡ࡋ࡚ ࡶ⏝ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ᱵ 㓇䛾ရ㉁䜢㧗䜑䜛䛯䜑䛾⇍ᗘᣦᶆ ࣓࢘ຍᕤཎᩱࡢ⇍ᗘᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪‘⣚ࢧࢩ’ࡢᱵᖸࡋࡘ࠸࡚㸪ⓑᖸᱵࡢရ㉁㸪ࢡ࢚ࣥ 㓟ྵ㔞ࡢ㠃ࡽ㸪㛤ⰼ┒ᮇ௨㝆ࡢ✚⟬ ᗘࡀ✭ࡢ┠Ᏻ࡞ࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦Ώ ㎶ࡽ㸪1990a㸪b㸹ᒣᮏࡽ㸪1997㸧㸪ᱵ㓇⏝ཎᩱࡋ࡚ࡢ⇍ᗘᣦᶆࡘ࠸࡚ࡣሗ࿌ࡀᑡ࡞࠸㸬 ᱵ㓇⏝ᯝᐇࡢ✭㐺ᮇ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪➉࣭⏣୰㸦1990㸧ࡣ͂༡㧗̓ࡘ࠸࡚㸪✭ᮇࡀ᪩ࡃ㸪 ࢩࣗ࢘㓟ࡀከࡃྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᯝᐇࢆཎᩱࡋ࡚ᱵ㓇ࢆ〇㐀ࡋࡓሙྜ㣗ࡢᐁ⬟ホ౯ࡀຎ ࡿࡇ㸪ࢩࣗ࢘㓟ࡀᛴ⃭పୗࡍࡿᮇ᰾⾲㠃ࡀⲔⰍࡃ╔Ⰽࡍࡿᮇࡀࡰ୍⮴ࡍࡿࡇ ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᑠᕝ㸦1995㸧ࡣⰍ࠶࠸ࡸṌ␃ࡲࡾࡽᱵ㓇⏝ᯝᐇࡢ㐺ᮇࢆ᰾ࡢ㯤 ᮇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪▼⃝ࡽ㸦1995㸧ࡣ᰾⾲㠃Ⰽࡢኚࢆࡶ࣮࢝ࣛࢳ࣮ࣕࢺࢆసᡂࡋ㸪 ✭ุᐃᇶ‽ࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢁࡀ㸪⏘ᆅࡢḷᒣ┴࡛ࡣ㸪㟷ᯝ✭㛤 ጞᮇ᪤᰾⾲㠃ࡀⲔⰍࡃ╔Ⰽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᖺࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࢆᇶ✭㐺ᮇ ᣦᶆࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓሗ࿌ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪➹⪅ࡽࡣᱵ㓇ຍᕤࡋࡓ㝿ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂ ศࡀከࡃྵࡲࢀࡿᮇࢆཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ✭㐺ᮇࡋ࡚㸪⇍ᗘ㐍⾜ࡢ␗࡞ࡿᆅᇦ㛫ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚ ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ✭㐺ᮇุᐃᣦᶆࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ㸦Ụࡽ㸪2007a㸧㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ ◳ᗘࡀᛴ⃭㸦0.08 kg㸭᪥㸧పୗࡋࡓⅬࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡣࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㸪࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪㧗࠸ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᱵ㓇〇㐀ࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚ 㐺ࡍࡿุ᩿ࡋࡓ㸬ᮏヨ㦂ࡢ➨ 4 ❶࡛ࡶ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ◳ᗘࡀᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆ ࡅࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ୍᪉㸪➨ 3 ❶ 3 ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪㧗࠸ⰾ㤶ᡂศࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᱵ㓇〇㐀ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇࡢ⇍ ᗘᣦᶆࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᶞ㱋ࡸ᱂ᇵ⎔ቃࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᱵ㓇୰ ࡢ⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸦Ȗ-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ į-ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥࡢྜィ㸧㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ㓑㓟ࣈ ࢳࣝࡢྛⰾ㤶ᡂศࡶ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡢ㛫ࡣᙉ࠸┦㛵㛵ಀࡀ ㄆࡵࡽࢀ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ࡀ 34.5 ᮍ‶ࡢᱵ㓇㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘ㸦࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್㸧ࡀ - 76 0.98 kg ࡼࡾࡁ࠸ᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪ྛⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡀ 2008 ᖺࡣࡰ 50 μg㺃L -1 ᮍ‶㸪2009 ᖺࡣࡰ 100 μg㺃L -1 ᮍ‶࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡣⰾ㤶ᡂศࡢ୰࡛ࡶࣔࣔᵝࡢ㤶ࡾᐤࡍࡿࣛࢡࢺࣥ㢮 ≉╔┠ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪➨ 3 ❶ 1 ⠇࡛ࡢᐁ⬟ホ౯ࡽ㸪50 μg㺃L -1 ௨ୖ࡛ࡣࡗࡁࡾ㸪200 μg 㺃L -1 ௨ୖ࡛ᙉࡃࣔࣔᵝࡢ㤶Ẽࡀឤࡌࡽࢀࡿุ᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡀయ ⓗከ࠸ᖺࡸᑡ࡞࠸ᖺࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿᯝᐇࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ 㝖ࡋ㸪ࡼࡾⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡀከ࠸ᱵ㓇ࢆ〇㐀ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᯝᐇࡢ㑅ᐃᣦᶆࡋ࡚㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್ 34.5 ௨ୖࡲࡓࡣᯝᐇ◳ᗘ 0.98 kg ௨ୗࡢᇶ‽ࡀ⏝࡛ࡁࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b * ್ࡀ 34.5 ௨ୖࡘᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡀ 0.98 kg ௨ୗࡢᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢᯝᐇ࡛ㄪ 〇ࡋࡓࡶࡢẚ࡚㸪⥲ࢹ࢝ࣛࢡࢺࣥ㸪㓗㓟࢚ࢳࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ㓑㓟ࣈࢳࣝࡀከࡃ㸪3.7㹼43.1 ಸ ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ 2 ࡘࡢᣦᶆࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡀཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ㑅ᐃᇶ‽ࡋ࡚ࡉࡽඃࢀࡿ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪͂༡㧗̓ᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸࡚〇㐀ࡋࡓᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚㸪 ᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡀ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㏣⇍ࡋࡓᯝᐇ㸦20°C ࡛ 6 ᪥௨ෆ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᱵ㓇ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢᯝ⓶Ⰽ b *್࠾ࡼࡧᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡣᱵ㓇୰ࡢ ྛⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡢ㛫ᙉ࠸┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ㸪㏣⇍୰ࡢᯝᐇࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᣦᶆࡋ࡚ ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬 ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇࡽ㸪㧗࠸ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡸⰾ㤶ᡂศࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᱵ㓇〇㐀ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓࢘͂༡㧗̓ ᯝᐇࡢᇶ‽ࡀ᫂☜࡞ࡾ㸪ᐇ㝿ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡸᯝ⓶Ⰽࡼࡿᱵ㓇ཎᩱࡢ㑅ᐃᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪㤶ࡾࢆ 㧗ࡵࡓᱵ㓇᪂ၟရࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦᶆࡋ୍࡚㒊ᆅᇦ࡛ྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ ࢱࡸⰍᕪィࡣ㧗౯࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱࡣᣢࡕ㐠ࡧࡶࡋ࡙ࡽ࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ࡉࡽỗ⏝ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ᢏ ⾡ࡍࡿࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠ࡢ ᐃ᪉ἲࡢ⡆౽࠾ࡼࡧపࢥࢫࢺࡀᚲせ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬 Ⰽࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡸࡸᐈほᛶḞࡅࡿࡀ㸪ࡲ࡞ᣦᶆࡋ࡚➹⪅ࡽࡣ࣮࢝ࣛࢳ࣮ࣕࢺࢆసᡂ ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪➨ 4 ❶࡛ࡣ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ௦ࢃࡿᦠᖏᆺࡢ◳ᗘ ᐃἲࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓ㸬 ᦠ ᖏᆺ◳ᗘィ䛻䜘䜛䜴䝯䇺༡㧗䇻ᯝᐇ䛾◳ᗘ ᐃ ➨ 4 ❶࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡢᯝᶞ࡛㠀◚ቯ࡛ࡢ◳ᗘᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㡢㡪ື◳ᗘィ ࡸ㸪ࡲ࡞ᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィࡢ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ㐺⏝ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬 ᰕᙧࣉࣛࣥࢪ࣮ࣕ┤ᚄ 3 mm ࡢ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡣ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ ࡣᑡࡋ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪✭ᮇࡼࡿ◳ᗘࡢ㐪࠸ࡸ╔ᯝ⨨ࡼࡿ◳ᗘࡢ㐪࠸ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィẚ࡚࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀᙅ࠸ࡓࡵ㸪 ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィࡣ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱࡢ௦⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ࡸࡸ⢭ᗘࡢຎࡿ ᐃἲ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㏣ ⇍୰ࡢᯝᐇࡣᰂࡽ࠸ࡓࡵ㧗࠸⢭ᗘ࡛ࡢ ᐃࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⏕⏘⌧ሙ࡛ࡢ◳ᗘࡢ┠Ᏻ㝈 ᐃࡉࢀࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィ࡛ࡢ ᐃࡘ࠸࡚㸪࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡣ✀Ꮚࡀ༨ ࡵࡿྜࡀࡁࡃ㸪㟷ᯝ✭⤊ᮇࡲ࡛ࡣᴃᙧ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪᭱㐺࡞ ᐃ᪉ἲࡶ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬 ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィྠᵝ㸪◳ᗘᕪࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱࡢ┦㛵㛵 ಀࡀ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィẚ࡚ᙉࡃ㸪ࡼࡾ㧗࠸⢭ᗘ࡛◳ᗘࢆ ᐃྍ⬟ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ ࢱ್ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀᙉࡃ㸪 ᐃࡀࡼࡾ⡆౽࡞ࡓࡵ㸪࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱࡢ௦⏝ࡋ࡚ࡣ➨ 2 ඹ㬆࿘ - 77 Ἴᩘᯝᐇᶓᚄࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ Ed f 2 ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡢࡀࡼ࠸ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࢭࣚ࢘ࢼࢩ㸦▱㔝 ࡽ㸪2009㸪2010㸧㸪࢝࢟㸦⚄⏣ࡽ㸪2010㸧㸪ࣉ࣮ࣝࣥ㸦⏿࣭Ḉ㸪2011㸧➼㸪ࡢᯝᶞ ࡛ࡶ㔜ࡉࢆ ᐃࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ┤ᚄࡽᙎᛶᣦᶆࢆ⟬ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࣓࢘ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ⟬ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓ㸬ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィࡣ╔ᯝ≧ែࡢ࣓࢘ᯝᐇ࡛ࡶ ◳ᗘᣦᶆࡢ ᐃࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ຍ࠼࡚㠀◚ቯ ᐃࡢࡓࡵྠࡌᯝᐇࡢ◳ᗘኚࢆ ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡇࡽ㸪ᯝᐇࡼࡿ◳ᗘࡢࣂࣛࢶ࢟ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡃ࠸ ᐃ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬 ୍᪉㸪㧗࠸ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᱵ㓇ཎᩱࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࡢᦠᖏᆺ◳ᗘィࡢ⏝ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ ࡇࢁ㸪ᙎᛶᣦᶆ Ed f 2㸪Ed f 3 ࠾ࡼࡧ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ್ࡣ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ྠᵝᱵ㓇୰ࡢࢡ࢚ ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞㈇ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀᙉࡃ㸪ᱵ㓇୰ࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ྵ㔞ࡢ┠Ᏻ࡞ࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪 ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィࡼࡿ Ed f 2 ࡀ 10,000 ࡲࡓࡣ Ed f 3 ࡀ 17,000 ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇࡢᯝᐇ㸪ࡶࡋ ࡃࡣᰕᙧࣉࣛࣥࢪ࣮ࣕ┤ᚄ 3 mm ࡢ㈏ධᘧ◳ᗘィ࡛ 2.2 kg ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓᮇࡢᯝᐇࢆ⏝࠸ ࡓᱵ㓇ࡣᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศྵ㔞ࡀከࡗࡓ㸬ຍ࠼࡚㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢ࣏ࣜࣇ࢙ࣀ࣮ࣝྵ㔞࠾ࡼࡧᢠ㓟⬟ ࡀ᭱࡞ࡿᮇࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢ๓ᚋ 3 ᪥ࡢᮇ୍⮴ࡋࡓ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᚋࡉࡽከࡃࡢᅬᆅ ࡛ࡢㄪᰝࡼࡾᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ⏝ᛶࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓ ࡵࡢᱵ㓇ཎᩱࡢ㑅ᐃᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࡣ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡼࡾࡶ⢭ᗘⰋࡃุᐃ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉ ࢀࡓ㸬 㤶ࡾࡘ࠸࡚㸪➨ 3 ❶ 3 ⠇࡛㸪ᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศྵ㔞ࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚ᯝᐇ◳ᗘࡀ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ ࡇ㸪ཎᩱᯝᐇࡢ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ◳ᗘ 0.98 kg ࡀ㧗࠸ⰾ㤶ᡂศࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᱵ㓇〇㐀ࡢࡓࡵࡢཎᩱ 㑅ᐃࡢᇶ‽ࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸬➨ 4 ❶࡛ࡣᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศࢆㄪᰝࡋ࡚ ࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィ್ࡣ Ed f 2㸪Ed f 3 ࡶ㸪ᯝᐇⓎ⫱୰࠾ࡼࡧ㏣⇍୰ࡢࡕࡽࡶ ࣓࣮ࣞ࢜ࢱ್ࡢ㛫ᙉ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇࡽ㸪ⰾ㤶ᡂศࡢከ࠸ᱵ㓇〇㐀 ࡢࡓࡵࡢཎᩱ㑅ᐃᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᚋ㸪ᐇ㝿ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘ ィࡢ್ࡀᱵ㓇ࡢⰾ㤶ᡂศࢆ㧗ࡵࡿᣦᶆ࡞ࡿ᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇࡽ㸪ᦠᖏᆺື◳ᗘィࡣ࣓࢘ᯝᐇࡢ㠀◚ቯ◳ᗘ ᐃ㐺ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᙎᛶᣦ ᶆࡣ㧗࠸ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡸⰾ㤶ᡂศࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᱵ㓇ཎᩱࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀ ࡓ㸬 䜎 䛸䜑 ᮏ◊✲ࡼࡾ㸪⏕⏘⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡸ㣗ᡂศࡢ㠃ࡽᯝᐇࡢホ౯ᇶ‽ࢆ♧ ࡍࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀ㧗ࡲࡿせᅉࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡇ࡛㸪ᚋ㸪㔞ࡸᯝᐇࡢእほရ㉁ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ ࡃ㸪ෆᐜᡂศ࡛ࡶࡼࡾⰋ࠸ᯝᐇࢆ⏕⏘ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿពḧࡢྥୖࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢࡇࡣ㸪ಶᛶၟᮦసࡾ㸪ࡉࡽࡣᱵ㓇≉༊ࢆάࡋࡓ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝᱵ㓇㐀ࡾἼཬ ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏕⏘⪅ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡶࡳࡽࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㸬ᾘ㈝⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ཎ ᩱᯝᐇࡢ㐪࠸ࡼࡿ㣗࠾ࡼࡧᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡢ㐪࠸┠ࢆྥࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡛㸪ᐙᗞ࡛⮬ศ ዲࡳࡢᱵ㓇ࢆసᡂࡍࡿືࡁࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪㟷ᯝࡋ࡚ࡢὶ㏻㔞ቑຍࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬 - 78 ᚋࡣ㸪ᯝᐇ࠾ࡼࡧᱵ㓇ࡢᶵ⬟ᛶᡂศࡸⰾ㤶ᡂศᑐࡍࡿࡢ᱂ᇵせᅉ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤᅵ㉁ ࡸ⫧ᇵ⟶⌮ࡢ㐪࠸➼ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㤶ࡾࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᛌ࡞㤶 ࡾ㸪࠼ࡤ⇍ࡋࡍࡂࡓᯝᐇࢆᱵ㓇ཎᩱࡋࡓሙྜⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ⭉ᩋ⮯ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㤶ࡾ➼ࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡶ᫂ࡽࡋ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㤶ࡾࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡞࠸⇍ᗘࢆ♧ࡍᣦᶆసࡾࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 - 79 Abstract 㸰㸫㸯 The relationships between surface blushing and the content of qualitative components of the Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Siebold et Zucc.) 'Nanko' fruit were investigated. Brightly blushed fruit covering over 25% of its surface had higher levels of citric acid, phenolics, and antioxidant activity in its flesh than non-blushed fruit. Shading apricot fruit from ultraviolet (UV) light for about 3 weeks before harvest produced a clear decrease in surface blushing, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. UV-B irradiation for 12 h to the inner canopy fruit 10 days before harvest resulted in blushing and increased the antioxidant activity. These results showed that brightly blushed fruit was rich in phenolics and antioxidant activity and that UV light played an important role in blushing, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in the Japanese apricot 'Nanko' fruit. When fruit shaded from sunlight was exposed to sunlight for about 3 weeks before harvest by cutting off the shoot with leaves around the fruit to increase UV irradiation, surface blushing was caused, and the phenolic content and antioxidant activity in flesh were increased. On the other hand, placing reflecting films under the outer canopy for 40 days had no effect on the development of the bright red color. 㸰㸫㸰 Japanese apricot fruit were investigated for 4 years. In fruit located on the inner side of the canopy, the time that the trichome fell out over 30% of their surface, an indicator of harvest, was later, and the beginning of harvest was 4–10 days later than on the outer side of the canopy every year. Fruit weight and b* value and L* value of skin color tended to increase, and firmness tended to decrease with fruit development, and there were no differences between fruit on the inner and outer sides of the canopy when they were compared at the same stage, the beginning of harvest. Contents of citric acid, sorbitol and ȕ-caroten tended to increase with fruit development, and there were also no differences between the flesh of the fruit on the inner and outer sides of the canopy when they were compared at the same stage, the beginning of harvest. However, phenolic content and antioxidant activity tended to decrease with fruit development, and in the flesh of the fruit on the inner side of the canopy they tended to be lower than in fruit on the outer side of the canopy when they were compared at the same stage, the beginning of harvest. These results indicate that delaying the harvest time of fruit on the inner side of the canopy makes their fruit weight and some functional components equal to the fruit on the outer side of canopy, but causes poorer phenolic content and antioxidant activity than on the outer side of the canopy. 㸰㸫㸱 Influence of fruiting position in the canopy on functional components of processed ume liqueur - 80 of `Nanko' Japanese apricot was investigated for 4 years. Content of citric acid and sorbitol in ume liqueur tended to be higher as the harvest time of processed fruit was later, and there were also no differences of them between ume liqueur made from fruit in inner and outer side of canopy, when they were compared at the same stage, beginning of harvest. However, phenolic content and antioxidant activity in ume liqueur made from fruit in inner side of canopy tended to be higher as the harvest time of processed fruit was later, and ume liqueur made from fruit in inner side of canopy tended to have them more than that made from fruit in outer side of canopy, when they were compared at the same stage, beginning of harvest. These results indicate that delaying the harvest time of fruit in inner side of canopy for about 7 days makes their some functional components and bitter component in ume liqueur equal to that made from fruit in outer side of canopy, and makes phenolic content and antioxidant activity higher than that made from fruit outer side of canopy. 㸱㸫㸯 Effects of harvest time and storing conditions after harvest on the aroma and bitter components of processed ume liqueur were investigated with Japanese apricot 'Nanko'. Some of the aroma components in ume liqueur were identified as Ȗ-decalactone, į-decalactone, ethyl butyrate and butyl acetate by the sniffing test. Content of these aroma components in ume liqueur was higher in fruit harvested later, and was high when the harvested fruit were stored for four days at 20°C or three days at 30°C. Ume liqueur made from fruit stored within five days at 20°C or within three days at 30 or 35°C showed equal or lower content of ethyl benzoate, exhibiting immature flavors, than that made from fruit immediately after harvest. Content of prunasin and oxalic acid that exhibited bitterness in ume liqueur decreased when the fruit was stored for four days at 20°C or three days at 30°C. These results suggest that aroma and bitter components in ume liqueur are influenced by the harvest time and storing conditions, and mature fruit should be harvested and the fruit stored for four days at 20°C or three days at 30°C before processing in order to increase aroma components and decrease bitter components. 㸱㸫㸰 Influence of fruiting position in the canopy on aroma components of processed ume liqueur of `Nanko' Japanese apricot was investigated for 4 years. Contents of prunasin, exhibiting bitterness, and ethyl benzoate, exhibiting immature flavors, in ume liqueur tended to be lower as the harvest time of processed fruit was later, and there were also no differences of them between ume liqueur made from fruit in inner and outer side of canopy, when they were compared at the same stage, beginning of harvest. Ume liqueur made from fruit in inner side of canopy tended to have less aroma components, such as Ȗ-decalactone, į-decalactone and ethyl butyrate, than that made from fruit in outer side of canopy at the ripening stage. These results indicate that delaying the harvest time of - 81 fruit in inner side of canopy for about 7 days makes their bitter component in ume liqueur equal to that made from fruit in outer side of canopy, and ume liqueur made from fruit in inner side of canopy is poorer in content of aroma components than that made from fruit in outer side of canopy in case of making fruity ume liqueur from the fruit at the ripening stage. 㸱㸫㸱 We tried to find the maturity index of fruit for high aroma components of processed ume liqueur of 'Nanko' Japanese apricot. Aroma components, total decalactone (sum of Ȗ-decalactone and į-decalactone), ethyl butyrate, and butyl acetate, in ume liqueur were significantly related to the skin color b * value and fruit firmness of raw material fruit. The ume liqueur made from fruit which showed below 34.5 in skin color b * value of raw material fruit contained each aroma component below 50 μg㺃L-1 in 2008 and below 100 μg㺃L-1 in 2009. The ume liqueur made from fruit which showed above 0.98 kg in fruit firmness of raw material fruit contained each aroma component below 50 μg㺃L-1 except for one sample in 2008 and below 100 μg㺃L -1 in 2009. The ume liqueur made from the fruit that showed above 34.5 in skin color b * value and below 0.98 kg in fruit firmness had significantly higher in total decalactone, ethyl butyrate, and butyl acetate than the other ume liqueur. Even though the ume liqueur made from the fruit stored within six days at 20°C, skin color b* value and fruit firmness of raw material fruit significantly related to the content of aroma components in ume liqueur. These results suggested that the skin color b * value and fruit firmness were available for the index of aroma components in the ume liqueur made from 'Nanko'. 㸲 We investigated alternative portable methods to the rheometer in fruit firmness evaluation for high functional or aroma components of processed ume liqueur of 'Nanko' Japanese apricot. Fruit firmness using the universal hardness meter showed a difference based on the harvesting time and fruiting position, although there was little difference using the rheometer. The elasticity index (EI) using the portable vibration hardness meter was also able to evaluate these differences as well as the universal hardness meter. EI was more significantly correlated with the rheometer than the universal hardness meter. There was little difference between EIs calculated based on the fruit diameter and mass. EI calculated by f 22㺃d 2 (Ed f 2 ), where f 2 was the second resonant frequency and d was the fruit diameter, showed a higher correlation with the firmness obtained from the rheometer than EI calculated by f 32㺃d 2 (Ed f 3 ), where f 3 was the third resonant frequency, in both developing and ripening fruit. Therefore, Ed f 2 should be suitable for determining the firmness of Japanese apricot fruit as a substitute for the rheometer. The time of a sharp decrease in fruit firmness, the index of the time when functional components reached high levels in ume liqueur for - 82 the rheometer, was not detected by either the universal hardness meter or portable vibration hardness meter. However, the ume liqueur made from fruit with below 10,000 in Ed f 2, 17,000 in Ed f 3 or 2.2 kg using the universal hardness meter with a 3-mm-diameter cylindrical plunger, contained higher functional components. These results suggest that the portable vibration hardness meter is suitable for the nondestructive measurement of fruit firmness, and might be available for calculating the index of raw material fruit to process ume liqueur with high functional components or aroma components in Japanese apricot 'Nanko'. - 83 ㅰ ㎡ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪➹⪅ࡀḷᒣ┴ᯝᶞヨ㦂ሙ࠺ࡵ◊✲ᡤົࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᗈᓥᏛᏛ㝔 ⏕≀ᅪ⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉⎔ቃᚠ⎔⣔ไᚚᏛᑓᨷᅾ⡠ࡋ◊✲ࡋࡓᡂᯝࢆࡲࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿ㸬 ᮏ◊✲ࡢ㐙⾜࠾ࡼࡧᮏㄽᩥࡢసᡂᙜࡓࡾ㸪⤊ጞᚚ᠓ษ࡞ࡈᣦᑟᚚᰯ㜀ࢆ㈷ࡗࡓ ᗈᓥᏛᏛ㝔⏕≀ᅪ⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉Ḉ┤ᶞᩍᤵㅽࢇ࡛῝ㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ ㄽᩥࡢసᡂ࠶ࡓࡾ㸪᭷┈࡞ࡈຓゝࢆ㡬ࡁࡲࡋࡓṇᒸῄ㑥ᩍᤵ࠾ࡼࡧἙ㔝᠇ᩍᤵࡢ ୧ᑂᰝဨࡢඛ⏕᪉ᑐࡋ㸪ᚰࡼࡾឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ㸬 ᮏ◊✲ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡾ㸪ከ࡞ࡿࡈᣦᑟࢆ㡬࠸ࡓḷᒣ┴ᯝᶞヨ㦂ሙ࠺ࡵ◊✲ ᡤ⣽ᖹṇே๓ᡤ㛗ᚰࡼࡾឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ྠ㉥ᮌⰾᑛᡤ㛗㸪ྠᅵ ⏣㟹ஂ༤ ኈࡽࡣ᭷┈࡞ࡈຓゝࢆ㡬ࡁࡲࡋࡓ㸬῝ࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ㸬 ࡉࡽ㸪◊✲ࡢ㐙⾜࠶ࡓࡾඖ㏆␥Ꮫ⏕≀⌮ᕤᏛ㒊ᩍᤵ୕㇂㝯ᙪẶ㸪࣓ࣝࢩࣕࣥ ᰴᘧ♫ᒣᓮဴᘯẶ㸪ྠዟᘺ⏕Ặ㸪࢟ࣜࣥࣅ࣮ࣝᰴᘧ♫▼ཎ⣖ᜨẶ㸪ḷᒣ┴ᯝ ᶞヨ㦂ሙ࠺ࡵ◊✲ᡤ᰿᮶ᆂ୍◊✲ဨ㸪ྠᒸᐊ⨾⤮Ꮚ◊✲ဨ㸪ྠᇛᮧᚫ᫂◊✲ဨ㸪ྠ᱓ ཎ࠶ࡁ◊✲ဨ㸪ྠ୰す◊✲ဨ㸪ྠす㔝ᓟᘅẶ㸪ྠ୰ᒸ↷㞝Ặ㸪ྠ᭷ᮏ㝧ᖹẶ㸪ྠ➉ ⏣㯞⨾Ặ㸪ྠᒸᒣỤ⨾Ặࡣ㛗ࡁࢃࡓࡾᝰࡋࡳ࡞࠸ࡈ༠ຊ㸪㈗㔜࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᥦ౪ࢆ 㡬ࡁࡲࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡇグࡋ࡚ឤㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲࡍ㸬 ࡞࠾㸪◊✲ᐇ࠶ࡓࡾ㛗ᖺࢃࡓࡾᅡሙࢆᛌࡃᥦ౪ࡋ࡚㡬ࡃࡶ㸪ᝰࡋࡳ࡞ ࠸ࡈᨭࢆ㡬࠸ࡓ㸪ࡳ࡞⏫ ࠺ࡵ㸰㸯 ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ྛ㸪JA ࡳ࡞ ࠸࡞ࡳ ྛ࡞ࡽ ࡧ࣓࢘⏕⏘⪅ࡢⓙᵝ῝ࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ㸬≉ከ࡞ࡈ༠ຊ㸪ࡈ㓄៖ࢆ㡬࠸ࡓ㸪 ࠺ࡵ㸰㸯◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᖹ႐அ Ặ㸪JA ࡳ࡞࠸࡞ࡳᒣࣀෆᾈẶ㸪 ࣓࢘⏕⏘ ⪅ࡢୗᾆ Ᏻ⏨Ặ㸪ᒸ⏣ᩔ㞝Ặཌࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ㸬 ᭱ᚋ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢ㐙⾜࠾ࡼࡧࡾࡲࡵ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ᗈᓥᏛᏛ㝔⏕≀ᅪ⛉Ꮫ ◊✲⛉Ḉ◊✲ᐊᑓᨷ⏕ྛ࡞ࡽࡧḷᒣ┴ᯝᶞヨ㦂ሙ࠺ࡵ◊✲ᡤ⫋ဨྛࡼࡾ ከ࡞ࡈ༠ຊ㸪ࡈ㓄៖ࢆ㡬ࡁࡲࡋࡓ㸬グࡋ࡚῝ࡃឤㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲࡍ㸬 - 84 ᘬ ⏝ᩥ⊩ ㉥ᮌ▱⿱࣭㛗㇂ᕝᏹ࣭㔠㖡ಇ࣭ᑿᓮᙪ࣭୰ෆ㐨ୡ࣭㇂ཱྀஂḟ. 2002. ᱵ㓇࠾ࡅࡿᢠ 㓟ᛶࡢホ౯. 㣗⛉ᕤㅮ₇㞟 49: 58. ㉥ᮌ▱⿱࣭ᓮ⚽࣭᭷⏣ ៅ࣭୕Ꮿⱥఙ࣭᰿᮶ᆂ୍࣭ᮎཎៅஓ࣭బ⸨ᑦஓ࣭௰ ᖾᙪ࣭ ᯇᕝဴஓ࣭୕㇂㝯ᙪ. 2011. ᱵᯝᐇࡢ⣚ⰍⰍ⣲㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲. ㎰ㅮ₇㞟: 237. ⛅ඖ⚽⨾࣭Ḉ┤ᶞ࣭ᒾ㇂┿୍㑻࣭㧗ᶫᫀஅ. 2011. ᙎᛶᣦᶆࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ࣎࢝ࢻࡢࢧࢬ࣭ ◳ࡉูࡢ㣗㡭ண . ᅬᏛ◊. 10㸦ู 1㸧: 265. 㟷ᰗᗣኵ. 2008. ➨ 2 ❶ᢠ㓟㸦άᛶ㓟⣲㝖ཤ㸧ᶵ⬟. p.24-27. 㟷ᰗᗣኵ⦅ⴭ. ᨵゞ㣗ရᶵ⬟ Ꮫ. ᘓᖆ♫. ᮾி. 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