指導者のことばがけの理由を少年サッカー競技者はどう捉えるか

᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻡 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻝㻝䠅㻌
ᩍ⫱㻌 㻞㻱㼂㻝㻝㻡㻌
ᣦᑟ⪅ࡢࡇ࡜ࡤࡀࡅࡢ⌮⏤ࢆᑡᖺࢧࢵ࣮࢝➇ᢏ⪅ࡣ࡝࠺ᤊ࠼ࡿ࠿
̿ࢧࢵ࣮࢝࡬ࡢពḧࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ࠾ࡼࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡢ᳨ウ̿
ྡྲྀὒ඾
㸦ᶓ὾ᅜ❧኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ே㛫⛉Ꮫ㒊㠀ᖖ໅ㅮᖌ㸧
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: ゝㄒⓗࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ㸪ᑡᖺࢧࢵ࣮࢝㸪ཎᅉᖐᒓ
How Do Elementary School Football Players Think about Coaches' Verbal Feedback?
Hironori NATORI
(Yokohama National Univ.)
Key words: verbal feedback, elementary school football, causal attribution
┠ ⓗ
ᣦᑟ⪅ࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࡀᏛ⩦⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡝࠺ゎ㔘ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
࠿ࡣ㸪ᣦᑟࡢ⌧ሙ࡛ὀពࡍ࡭ࡁၥ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᮏ◊✲
ࡣ㸪ᣦᑟ⪅ࡢゝㄒⓗ࡞ാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ኻᩋሙ
㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿᣦᑟ⪅ࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ⌮⏤ࢆ➇ᢏ⪅
ࡀ࡝࠺ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ≉࡟㸪ࢧࢵ࣮࢝࡬ࡢ
ពḧࡢ㐪࠸࡜ゎ㔘࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ
᪉ ἲ
ᮏ◊✲ࡣ」ᩘࡢ┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ୍ᩧㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ
୍㒊ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ ඲ᅜ኱఍ฟሙ 14 ࢳ࣮࣒㸦௨ୗ㸪ᙉ㇦ࢳ࣮࣒㸧࡟
ᡤᒓࡍࡿ 267 ྡ㸦ᖹᆒ 11.5 ṓ㸧㸪࠾ࡼࡧ K ┴ෆ࡛άືࡍࡿ 21
ࢳ࣮࣒㸦௨ୗ㸪୍⯡ࢳ࣮࣒㸧࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿ 324 ྡ㸦ᖹᆒ 10.9 ṓ㸧
ࡢ 10 ṓ࠿ࡽ 12 ṓࡢᑠᏛ 5㸪6 ᖺ⏕⏨Ꮚ㸪ྜィ 591 ྡ㸦ᖹᆒ
11.2 ṓ㸧ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆᅇ཰ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢෆ㸪ᅇ⟅࡟୙ഛࡢ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
439 ྡ㸦ᙉ㇦ࢳ࣮࣒ 203 ྡ㸦ᖹᆒ 11.5 ṓ㸧㸪୍⯡ࢳ࣮࣒ 236
ྡ㸦ᖹᆒ 10.9 ṓ㸧㸧ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆศᯒࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
௬᝿≧ἣ ྡྲྀ㸦2007㸧࡛⏝࠸ࡓࠕᑐ㠃ࣃࢫࠖࡢ⦎⩦ࡢෆ㸪
㸰ࡘࡢኻᩋሙ㠃ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸦⫯ᐃⓗࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ㸦௨ୗ
PFB㸧
㸸
ࠕࡶ࠺ᑡࡋࡔࠖ㸪ྰᐃⓗࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ㸦௨ୗ NFB㸧
㸸
ࠕࡋ
ࡗ࠿ࡾࡡࡽ࠼ࠖ㸧ࠋ
ㄪᰝෆᐜ 㸬ࢧࢵ࣮࢝࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦ពḧᑻᗘ す⏣㸦1989㸧
ࡀసᡂࡋࡓࠕయ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦ពḧ᳨ᰝ㸦AMPET㸧ࠖࢆཧ⪃
࡟㸪య⫱࣭㐠ືሙ㠃඲⯡࡟ࢃࡓࡿ⾲⌧ࢆࠕࢧࢵ࣮࢝ࠖ㸪ࠕࣉࣞ
࣮ࠖ࡞࡝࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ5 ẁ㝵ホᐃ㸪56 㡯┠㸦1㹼5
࡜ᚓⅬ໬㸧ࠋ㸬⌮⏤ㄆ▱ ᐃᑻᗘ ࠕࢥ࣮ࢳࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝ
ࡗࡓࡢࡣ࡞ࡐࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࡟ᑐࡍࡿ 10 ಶࡢゎ
㔘࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ 5 ẁ㝵ホᐃࢆྛ≧ἣ࡛ồࡵࡓ㸦1㹼5 ࡜ᚓⅬ໬㸧ࠋ
⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ
ୗ఩ᑻᗘ ࢧࢵ࣮࢝࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦ពḧᑻᗘ඲ 56 㡯┠࡟ᑐࡋ
࡚㸪᭱ᑬἲ࡟ࡼࡿᅉᏊศᯒࢆ⾜࡞࠸㸪
ࠕពḧⓗែᗘࠖ㸪
ࠕ୙Ᏻࠖ㸪
ࠕ᭷⬟ឤࠖ㸪ࠕ౯್ࠖࡢ 4 ᅉᏊࢆᢳฟࡋࡓࠋྛᅉᏊ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚.30
௨ୖࡢ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㡯┠࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ྛୗ఩ᑻᗘࢆᵓᡂࡋࡓࠋ
ୗ఩ᑻᗘ㛫┦㛵࠾ࡼࡧᇶ♏⤫ィ㔞ࢆ TABLE 1.࡟♧ࡍࠋ୍⯡ࢳ
࣮࣒࡛ࡣ㸪୙Ᏻ࡜᭷⬟ឤ㸪୙Ᏻ࡜౯್ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀࡳ
ࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⌮⏤ㄆ▱ ᐃᑻᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྡྲྀ㸦2007㸧
࡜ྠᵝ࡟ 2 㡯┠ࡎࡘ 5 ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋ
ࢧࢵ࣮࢝࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦ពḧ࡜⌮⏤ㄆ▱㸦ゎ㔘㸧 ពḧⓗែᗘ
ࡣ㸪ᙉ㇦ࢳ࣮࣒࡛ࡣ NFB ࡬ࡢᣄ⤯ⓗ⌮⏤࡜㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀ㸪
ᩍᤵⓗ⌮⏤࡜ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ୍⯡ࢳ࣮࣒࡛ࡣ㸪እⓗᣄ
⤯ⓗ⌮⏤࡜ࡢ┦㛵ࡣ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋPFB ࡢሙྜࡣ㸪཯ᑐ
࡟ᙉ㇦ࢳ࣮࣒࡛ෆⓗᣄ⤯ⓗ⌮⏤࡜ࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
୙Ᏻࡣᣄ⤯ⓗ⌮⏤࡜ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪እⓗዲពⓗ
⌮⏤࡜ࡶ㸪NFB ࡛ࡢᙉ㇦ࢳ࣮࣒ࢆ㝖࠸࡚㸪᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀ
ࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ୍⯡ࢳ࣮࣒࡛ࡣ㸪PFB ࡬ࡢෆⓗዲពⓗ⌮⏤࡜ࡶṇ
ࡢ┦㛵ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ᭷⬟ឤࡣᙉ㇦ࢳ࣮࣒࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ෆ
ⓗዲពⓗ⌮⏤࡜ࡢṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪୍⯡ࢳ࣮࣒࡛
ࡣ㸪PFB ࡬ࡢእⓗᣄ⤯ⓗ⌮⏤࡜ࡢṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
౯್ࡣ㸪ᙉ㇦ࢳ࣮࣒࡛ࡣ㸪እⓗᣄ⤯ⓗ⌮⏤࡜ࡣ㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࡀ᭷
ព࡛࠶ࡾ㸪NFB ࡬ࡢᩍᤵⓗ⌮⏤࡜ࡣṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
୍⯡ࢳ࣮࣒࡛ࡣ㸪NFB ࡬ࡢእⓗᣄ⤯ⓗ⌮⏤࡜ࡢ┦㛵ࡣ᭷ព࡛
ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪PFB ࡬ࡢෆⓗᣄ⤯ⓗ⌮⏤࡜ࡶ㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ
ຍ࠼࡚㸪እⓗዲពⓗ⌮⏤࡜ࡢ㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ
Ꮫ⩦ពḧࡢྛഃ㠃ࡢෆ㸪୙Ᏻࡀᣄ⤯ⓗ࡞⌮⏤ࢆᕥྑࡋ㸪౯
್ࡀ NFB ࡬ࡢᩍᤵⓗ࡞⌮⏤࡜㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
TABLE 2-1. 䝃䝑䜹䞊䛻䛚䛡䜛Ꮫ⩦ពḧ䛸⌮⏤ㄆ▱䠄NFB䠅
NFB䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⌮⏤ㄆ▱
ពḧⓗែᗘ
୙Ᏻ
᭷⬟ឤ
౯್
ពḧⓗែᗘ
୙Ᏻ
᭷⬟ឤ
౯್
ᙉ㇦
୙Ᏻ
-.35 ***
*
M (SD)
᭷⬟ឤ
.43 ***
౯್
.53 ***
.66
***
3.70 (0.62)
-.19
**
2.42 (0.79)
୍⯡
-.14
.32
***
ᙉ㇦
ʊ
-.24
***
୍⯡
ʊ
3.94 (0.52)
.00
-.04
ᙉ㇦
ʊ
.27
***
2.68 (0.74)
୍⯡
ʊ
.20
**
2.69 (0.69)
ᙉ㇦
ʊ
୍⯡
ʊ
2.72 (0.70)
4.03 (0.60)
3.86 (0.72)
*
**
p <.05, p <.01,
4.45
***
-4.22
***
እⓗዲពⓗ
.01
ෆⓗዲពⓗ
.04
-.08
-.16
*
-.12
-.03
.15
.31
***
.19
**
.05
-.01
-.10
୍⯡
.24
***
.26
***
.15
ᙉ㇦
-.06
-.05
.02
.18
୍⯡
.11
-.02
.09
.10
.02
ᙉ㇦
-.19
-.11
.00
-.03
.14
*
୍⯡
-.10
-.12
-.21
-.11
.17
**
3.20 (1.60)
4.06 (1.91)
3.75 (1.77)
4.36 (1.95)
-1.60
**
3.78 (1.82)
-3.53
***
*
**
.06
-.09
**
.10
8.43 (1.80)
3.75 (1.77)
3.84 (1.59)
7.77 (2.17)
0.02
-0.90
3.47
*
**
***
p <.05, p <.01,
**
p <.001
TABLE 2-2. 䝃䝑䜹䞊䛻䛚䛡䜛Ꮫ⩦ពḧ䛸⌮⏤ㄆ▱䠄PFB䠅
PFB䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⌮⏤ㄆ▱
ពḧⓗែᗘ
୙Ᏻ
᭷⬟ឤ
୍⯡:M(SD)
t (437)
ᙉ㇦
እⓗᣄ⤯ⓗ
-.15 *
ෆⓗᣄ⤯ⓗ
-.11
እⓗዲពⓗ
-.10
ෆⓗዲពⓗ
.08
ᩍᤵⓗ
.16 *
୍⯡
-.19
**
-.25
***
-.11
.00
.13
ᙉ㇦
.20
**
.24
***
.19
**
.02
-.05
୍⯡
.24
***
.25
***
.22
***
ᙉ㇦
.08
୍⯡
.13
ᙉ㇦
୍⯡
.13
*
.04
.07
.19
**
*
.12
.09
.11
.11
-.22
**
-.13
.02
.13
-.25
***
-.19
2.69 (1.14)
3.01 (1.45)
-2.57
*
-.10
**
3.45 (1.58)
3.64 (1.74)
-1.18
-.16
*
3.95 (1.72)
*
-.01
.13
.04
.07
4.69 (1.88)
4.19 (1.87)
5.06 (1.85)
-1.42
-2.07
*
7.06 (1.86)
7.29 (1.83)
-1.27
**
p <.05, p <.01,
***
p <.001
ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
ྡྲྀὒ඾ (2007). ᣦᑟ⪅ࡢࡇ࡜ࡤࡀࡅࡀᑡᖺࢧࢵ࣮࢝➇ᢏ⪅ࡢࠕࡸ
-0.15
***
*
3.70 (1.64)
*
2.66
ᩍᤵⓗ
.19 **
ᙉ㇦
୍⯡:M(SD)
t (437)
ᙉ㇦:M(SD)
t (437)
ෆⓗᣄ⤯ⓗ
-.14 *
୍⯡
ᙉ㇦:M(SD)
౯್
TABLE 1. 䝃䝑䜹䞊䛻䛚䛡䜛Ꮫ⩦ពḧᑻᗘୗ఩ᑻᗘ
ᙉ㇦
እⓗᣄ⤯ⓗ
-.21 **
ࡿẼࠖ࡟࠾ࡼࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 55, 244-254.
す⏣ ಖ (1989). య⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦ពḧ᳨ᰝ(AMPET)ࡢᶆ‽໬࡟㛵
**
p <.001
ࡍࡿ◊✲̿㐩ᡂືᶵ࡙ࡅㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ̿ య⫱Ꮫ◊✲, 34, 45-62.
̿ 1171 ̿