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Transcript
第 6 章 ࢽホンイノシシの妊娠率算出方法の開発
රᗜ࣡ࣝࢻࣛࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6 ➨ 㸴 ❶ ࢽ࣍ࣥࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ᪉ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ ㎷ ▱㤶 1࣭ᶓᒣ┿ᘪ 1,2 せ Ⅼ ࣭ ࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ዷፎᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀╔ ┠ࡋࠊ2004 ᖺࡽ 2013 ᖺ㞟ࡋࡓᤕ⋓ಶయࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢุูྍྰ᭷⏝ᛶ ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ ࣭ ࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘ᮇࡢࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀࡁ࠸ࡓࡵࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡢࡳ࡛ࡣዷፎ⋡ ࢆ㐣ᑠ⟬ฟࡍࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࣭ ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⏤᮶࠾ࡼࡧ᪂ᪧࡢุูࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ☜ᐇ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ ᮇ㛫ࡀἪங☜ㄆࡼࡾࡶ㛗ࡗࡓࡇࡽ㸪ฟ⏘ᚋಶయࡢᢕᥱ᭷ຠ࡞ᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓࠋ ࣭ ዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊ4㹼11 ᭶⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡼࡿዷፎಶయࡢ᳨ฟዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨ☜ ㄆࡼࡿฟ⏘ᚋಶయࡢ᳨ฟࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡛㸪ࡼࡾṇ☜࡞ዷፎ⋡ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ Key words 㸸ዷፎ⋡ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࠊཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜࠊᤕ⋓ಶయศᯒ 㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ື≀ࡢዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊಶయᩘࡢቑῶ┤᥋ⓗ㛵ࢃࡿࡓࡵࠊಶయ⩌ືែࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡢ ᇶ┙ሗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Bailey 1984; Read 1990; Fonseca et al. 2004㸧ࠋࡲࡓዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊಶయ ⩌ࡢᰤ㣴≧ែᛂࡌ࡚ኚືࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⏕ᜥ⎔ቃࡢ㉁ⓗຎࡢᙳ㡪࡞ࡑࡢ⩌ࢀࡢᛶ ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᣦᶆ࡞ࡿ㸦Matschke 1964; Kaji 1988㸧ࠋ㔝⏕ື≀࡛ࡣࠊ୍ ⯡ⓗᑿࡸฟ⏘ࡢ┤᥋☜ㄆࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡓࡵࠊዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊ⦾Ṫᮇᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓ㞤ࡢ⫾Ꮚ ᭷↓ࡢ☜ㄆ࡚⟬ฟࡉࢀࡿ㸦Ahmad et al. 1995; Gethöffer et al. 2007; Herrero et al. 2008㸧 ࠋ╀࡞Ꮨ⠇ⓗ࡞⾜ືࡼࡾዷፎಶయࡢᶆᮏࡀᚓࡃ࠸ሙྜࠊ⫾┙ࡸἪஙࡢ ᭷↓ࡢ☜ㄆࡀ௦⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Tsubota et al. 1990; Asano et al. 2003㸧 ࠋࡲࡓ㠀くⓗ ᐇࡍࡿሙྜࡣࠊ⾑୰ࠊ⣅୰ࠊᒀ୰ࡢ࣍ࣝࣔࣥືែࡢ☜ㄆ࡞ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 㸦Macchi et al. 2010㸧 ࠋ ᅜෆ⏕ᜥࡍࡿᆺ᭷㋟㢮ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࢽ࣍ࣥࢪ࢝㸦Cervus nippon㸧ࡸࢽ࣍ࣥ࢝ࣔࢩ࢝ 㸦Capricornis crispus㸧࡛ࡣࠊ20 ᖺ௨ୖ๓ዷፎ⋡ࡀ⟬ฟࡉࢀࠊ⌧ᅾࡶࡑࡢືែᢕᥱ රᗜ┴᳃ᯘື≀◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ රᗜ┴❧Ꮫ⮬↛࣭⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ රᗜ࣡ࣝࢻࣛࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6 ࡸᆅᇦẚ㍑ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Kita et al. 1987; Koizumi et al. 2009㸧 ࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ ࢽ࣍ࣥࣀࢩࢩ㸦Sus scrofa leucomystax㸹௨ୗࣀࢩࢩ⾲グ㸧ࡢዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊሗ࿌ࡀ ᴟࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐᇶ࡙࠸ࡓಙ㢗ᛶࡢ㧗࠸್࠺ࡢ᳨ドࡶ༑ศ࡛࡞ ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊಶయᩘࡢ᥎ᐃࡶά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽࠊ⏕ ᜥ⎔ቃࡢኚࡢᙳ㡪ࠊࣀࣈࢱࡢ㞧ࡼࡿᙳ㡪࡞ࡢ᳨ウࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡀ⌧ ≧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ዷፎ⋡ࡢ⟬ฟࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸➨୍ࡢཎᅉࡣࠊࣀࢩࢩ≉᭷ࡢ⊁⊟ᙧែࡼࡾࠊዷፎಶయࡀᚓ ࡃࡗࡓࡇ࠶ࡿ㸦Tsuji et al. 2013㸧ࠋ㣗⫗㈨※ࡋ࡚ࡢ౯್ࡀᴟࡵ࡚㧗࠸ࣀࢩ ࢩ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢᤕ⋓ᩘࡣ㈨※ⓗ౯್ࡢ㧗ࡲࡿ 11㹼12 ᭶ᛴቑࡋࠊ౯್ࡀୗࡀࡿ 1 ᭶௨㝆 ⃭ῶࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆࡶࡘࠋࡋࡋ᭱ࡶᤕ⋓ᩘࡢከ࠸ᮇࡣዷፎಶయࡀࢇ ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᤕ⋓ᩘࡢከ࠸ᮇࡣࠊዷፎ☜ㄆࡀྍ⬟࡞ᮇ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡼࡿዷፎ⋡ࡢ⟬ฟ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ⤫ィⓗศᯒ㈨ࡍࡿࡢᶆᮏᩘࢆ ☜ಖ࡛ࡁ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ➨ࡢཎᅉࡣࠊࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࢆⓗ☜⟬ฟࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡀᩚ⌮ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏆ᖺࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆ࡚⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࡀ 32%㸦ጜ ᓮ࣭ᆏᗞ 2010㸧ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢࣀࢩࢩࡢሗ࿌㸦63㹼100%㸧㸦Fonseca et al. 2004; Gethöffer et al. 2007; Fonseca et al. 2011㸧ẚ࡚ⴭࡋࡃప࠸⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᚑ᮶ࡢ⟬ฟ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆ࡛ࡣࠊዷፎ⋡ࢆⓗ☜⟬ฟ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᥎ ࡉ ࢀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࣀࢩࢩࡢ≉ᛶ࠶ࡗࡓ⊂⮬ࡢዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ᪉ἲࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ୖグࡢၥ㢟ࡢゎỴྥࡅ࡚ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊዷፎಶయࢆ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆ᳨࡚ฟࡍࡿࡇຍ ࠼ࠊฟ⏘ᚋಶయࢆ㐣ཤࡢዷፎࡢ᭷↓ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ᳨࡛ฟࡍࡿࡇࡋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ዷፎ⋡ ⟬ฟᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀╔┠ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊዷፎ⥔ᣢᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓዷፎ㯤 యࡀࠊฟ⏘ᚋ༸ᕢෆᇙἐࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦㧗ᶫ 1999㸧ࠋฟ⏘ᚋࡶ୍ᐃࡢᮇ㛫ṧᏑ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢ᭷↓ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊฟ⏘ᚋࡢಶయࡸᤵஙࢆ⤊࠼ࡓಶయ ࡛ࡶ㐣ཤࡢዷፎṔࢆᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿ 㸦Yamashita 1962; Kita et al. 1995㸧 ࠋࡲࡓዷፎ㯤య㏥ ⦰≀ࡣࠊࢇ࡚ࡢ့ங㢮ື≀࡛సࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ⫾┙ࡀṧࡽ࡞࠸✀ࡶ㐺⏝ྍ⬟ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜෆ࡛ࡣࢽ࣍ࣥࢪ࢝ࡸࢽ࣍ࣥ࢝ࣔࢩ࢝㸦Sugimura et al. 1984; Kita et al. 1995㸧ࠊᾏእ࡛ࡣ᭷㋟㢮ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㪒㢮㸦Born 1982㸧࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࢆ ά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊዷፎᒚṔࡀᢕᥱࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰ ≀ࢆᣦᶆࡋ࡚ዷፎṔࢆุᐃࡋࡓሗ࿌ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ௨ୖࡢ⫼ᬒࡼࡾࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࢆ㐺ษ⟬ฟࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࠊ ⫾Ꮚ࠾ࡼࡧዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࢆే⏝ࡍࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊዷፎ⋡ ࡢ⟬ฟ㐺ษ࡞ᮇࡢᢕᥱࠊḟዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢุูࡢྍྰࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊዷ ፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊྠࡌࡃฟ⏘ᚋಶయࡢᣦᶆ࡞ࡿἪஙࡢẚ㍑ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ රᗜ࣡ࣝࢻࣛࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6 ᮦᩱ᪉ἲ ᮦᩱ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㐺ษ࡞ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᛶᡂ⇍㐩ࡋࡓ⦾Ṫྍ⬟ಶయ ࢆศᯒࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋරᗜ┴ࡢࣀࢩࢩࡢࢇࡣࠊ1 ṓࡢ 12 ᭶௨㝆ᛶᡂ⇍ 㐩ࡍࡿ㸦㎷ 2013㸧 ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⦾Ṫྍ⬟ಶయࡋ࡚ࠊ12㹼4 ᭶ᤕ⋓ࡉ ࢀࡓ 1 ṓᖺ㛫㏻ࡌ࡚ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓ 2 ṓ௨ୖࡢ࣓ࢫࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠋ2004 ᖺࡽ 2011 ᖺ ⊁⊟࠾ࡼࡧ᭷ᐖᤕ⋓࡚ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓ⦾Ṫྍ⬟ಶయ 142 㢌ࢆゎ๗ࡋࠊ༸ᕢ⬇࠾ࡼࡧ ⫾Ꮚࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓࠋ ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟᣦᶆࡢほᐹ ᚑ᮶ࡢᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ⬇࠾ࡼࡧ⫾Ꮚࡢ᭷↓ࡣࠊ⫗║ほᐹ࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ ሙྜࡣࠕ⫾Ꮚ+ࠖ ࠊ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࡣࠕ⫾Ꮚ㸫ࠖ༊ูࡋࡓࠋ ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡣ⤌⧊ほᐹࡼࡾุูࡋࡓࠋ⤌⧊ᶆᮏࡢస〇ᡭ㡰ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎ༸ᕢࢆ 10%࣐࣍ࣝࣜࣥᾮ࡛ᅛᐃᚋࠊ⣙ 4mm 㛫㝸ࢫࣛࢫࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᶆᮏࢆ⬺Ỉ㏱ᚭᚋࣃࣛ ࣇࣥໟᇙࡋࠊ100ȣm 㛫㝸࡛ཌࡉ 4ȣm ⷧษࡋࡓࠋⷧษࡋࡓ⤌⧊ษ∦ࡣࠊ࣐ࢺ ࢟ࢩ࣭࢚ࣜࣥ࢜ࢪࣥᰁⰍࠊᙎᛶ⥺⥔ࢆᰁࡵศࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ࢚ࣛࢫࢳ࣭࢝࣡ࣥࢠ̿ࢯࣥᰁⰍࠊ ⭺ཎ⥺⥔ࢆᰁࡵศࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣐ࢵࢯ࣭ࣥࢺࣜࢡ࣮࣒ࣟᰁⰍࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋḟዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰ ≀ࡢุูࡣࠊࣀࢩࢩࡢள✀ࡢ୍ࡘࡢࣈࢱ㸦 Sus scrofa domesticus 㸧ࡢ༸ᕢᡤぢ 㸦Yamashita 1959; Yamashita 1960a; Yamashita 1960b; Yamashita 1962㸧ࢆᇶ‽ ࡋࡓࠋࣈࢱ࡛ࡣࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡣ㏥⾜ẁ㝵ᛂࡌ࡚ TypeϨࡽϫࡲ࡛ 4 ༊ศࡉࢀ࡚ ࠾ࡾࠊ᭱㛗ṧᏑᮇ㛫ࡣ 3 ᖺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛᭱ึࡢ㏥⾜ẁ㝵 TypeϨࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ ฟ⏘ᚋ⣙ 1 ᖺ㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㐣ཤ 1 ᖺ௨ෆࡢ⦾Ṫᮇዷፎࡋࡓ ࠺ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ TypeϨࡢ᭷↓ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࠊࡑࡢ᭷↓࡚ࠕ㏥⦰≀+ࠖࠊ ࠕ㏥⦰≀㸫ࠖ ༊ูࡋࡓࠋ ẚ㍑ᣦᶆࡋࡓἪஙࡢ᭷↓ࡣಶయࡢᤕ⋓⌧ሙ࡚㝶⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡢ☜ㄆྍྰ࡚ࠕἪங +ࠖࠊࠕἪங㸫ࠖ༊ูࡋࡓࠋ ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟྍ⬟ᮇࡢᢕᥱ ዷፎ⋡ࢆⓗ☜⟬ฟ࡛ࡁࡿᮇࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡲࡎࠊዷፎಶయࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ⫾Ꮚ ࡢయ㔜ࡽ⫾㱋ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࠊཷ⫾ᮇฟ⏘ᮇࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋ⫾㱋᥎ᐃࡣࠊࣀࢩࢩࡢ ள✀ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ Iberian wild boar㸦Sus scrofa baeticus㸧ࡢ㣫⫱ಶయࡽసᡂࡉࢀࡓ ᥎ᐃᘧࢆᘬ⏝ࡋࡓ㸦Vericad 1983㸧 ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊዷፎᮇ㛫ฟ⏕య㔜ࢆ᪥ᮏࡢࣀࢩࢩࡢ ್ࡍࡿࡓࡵ᥎ᐃᘧࢆᨵኚࡋࡓࠋᘧࡢኚᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࠊዷፎᮇ㛫ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢࣀࢩࢩࡢ 㣫⫱ಶయࡢሗ࿌㸦වග 1988㸧ࡼࡾ 117.1s0.85 ᪥㸦N=7㸧ࠊฟ⏕య㔜ࡣ 804g㸦Tsuji et. al 2013㸧ࡋࡓࠋ රᗜ࣡ࣝࢻࣛࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6 Iberian wild boar ࡢ⫾㱋᥎ᐃᘧ㸸T㸻Ps1/3㸭0.097+24.1 ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓ⫾㱋᥎ᐃᘧ㸸T㸻Ps1/3㸭0.097+21.1379 T ࡀ୍⭡ෆࡢᖹᆒ⫾㱋ࠊPs ࡀ୍⭡ෆࡢᖹᆒ⫾Ꮚయ㔜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ⫾㱋᥎ᐃ࡚⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓཷ⫾ᮇฟ⏘ᮇࢆࡶࠊ᭱ࡶ᪩࠸ཷ⫾᭶㹼᭱ࡶ㐜࠸ฟ ⏘᭶ࢆዷፎᮇࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡢ᭶ࢆ㠀ዷፎᮇ༊ูࡋࡓࠋ ḟ༸ᕢ୰ࡢ㯤యࡢ᭷↓ࢆ⫗║ほᐹ࡚☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ㯤యࡣࠊࡢື≀࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⬇ࡀ ⫗║࡛☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ዷፎึᮇ࠾ࡅࡿዷፎᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Born 1982; Gethöffer et al. 2007㸧 ࠋࡇࡢ㝿ࠊᑿ༸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ື≀࡛ࡣࠊዷፎ㯤యⓎ㯤యࡢุ ูࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿ㸦Mansell 1971; Kita et al. 1994㸧ࠋዷፎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿಶయࡣዷፎ㯤యࢆಖ ᭷ࡍࡿࡀࠊዷፎࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎⓎࡢࡳࡢಶయࡣⓎ㯤యࢆಖ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇ ࢀࡽࢆุูࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࠊⓎಶయࡶࠕዷፎ࠶ࡾุࠖᐃࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊዷፎ⋡ࢆ㐣⟬ฟ ࡍࡿࠋࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣࠊ⌧Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢุูࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ͆⬇ࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ㯤 యࢆಖ᭷ࡍࡿ͇࠸࠺࣓ࢫࡢዷፎุᐃࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸦Tsuji et al. 2013㸧 ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᮏ◊ ✲࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ዷፎุᐃࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ಶయࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿᮇࡣࠊዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ㐺ษ࡞ ᮇ㛫ࡋ࡚㝖እࡋࡓࠋ ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ㐺ษ࡞ᮇ㛫ࢆ㝖እࡋࡓᚋࠊዷፎᮇ㠀ዷፎᮇࡢዷፎ⋡ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋዷ ፎ⋡⟬ฟ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡢࡳࡢ᪉ἲ㸦ጜᓮ࣭ᆏᗞ 2010㸧ᮏ◊✲࡛᪂ࡓ᳨ ウࡍࡿ⫾Ꮚ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࠊ⫾ᏊἪஙࡢ☜ㄆࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ⟬ฟ᪉ἲࡢ㐺 ṇྛᣦᶆࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ ⤫ィฎ⌮ ཷ⫾ฟ⏘ᮇࡢእࢀ್ࡢ᳨ฟࡣࠊSmirnov-Grubbs ᳨ᐃࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ༴㝤⋡ࡣ 0.01% ࡋࡓࠋ ⤖ᯝ ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ㐺ࡋࡓᮇ ཷ⫾ᮇࡣ 12 ᭶ୖ᪪ࡽ 3 ᭶୰᪪ࡢᮇ㛫࠶ࡾ 1 ᭶ୗ᪪ࢆࣆ࣮ࢡࡋࠊ1 ࡢࡳ 5 ᭶ୖ᪪⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓࠋฟ⏘ᮇࡣ 4 ᭶ୖ᪪ࡽ 7 ᭶୰᪪ࡢᮇ㛫࠶ࡾ 6 ᭶ୖ᪪ࢆࣆ࣮ ࢡࡋࠊ1 ࡢࡳ 9 ᭶୰᪪⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ 5 ᭶୰᪪ཷ⫾ࡋࠊ9 ᭶୰᪪ฟ⏘ࡍࡿ᥎ ᐃࡉࢀࡓ 1 ࡣࠊ እࢀ್ࡋุ࡚ᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸦p < 0.01㸧ࠋරᗜ┴ࡢࣀࢩࢩಶయ⩌ࡢ⦾ Ṫࢧࢡࣝࡣ 12 ᭶ࡽ⩣ᖺࡢ 11 ᭶ࢆ 1 ࢧࢡࣝࡋࠊዷፎᮇࡣ 12㹼7 ᭶ࠊ㠀ዷፎᮇ ࡣ 8㹼11 ᭶࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧ࠋ රᗜ࣡ࣝࢻࣛࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6 ᅗ ࣀࢩࢩࡢཷ⫾ᮇฟ⏘ᮇ ⬇ࡸ⫾Ꮚࠊ㯤యࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓᮇࡣᏘ⠇ᛶࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㯤యಖ᭷ಶయࡣ 12 ᭶ࡽ☜ ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ 12㹼3 ᭶ࡣࠊ㯤యࢆಖ᭷ࡍࡿࡀࠊ⬇ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸦⫾Ꮚ㸫㺃㯤య +㸧ࠊࡘࡲࡾⓎ୰ࡶࡋࡃࡣዷፎึᮇࡢ࣓ࢫࡀ 21 㢌☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ2㹼6 ᭶ 8 ᭶ࡣࠊ㯤 య⬇ࡸ⫾Ꮚࢆಖ᭷ࡋࡓዷፎ࣓ࢫ㸦⫾Ꮚ+㺃㯤య+㸧ࡀ 38 㢌☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ12㹼3 ᭶ 5 㹼11 ᭶ࡣࠊ㯤యࡶ⬇ࡸ⫾Ꮚࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ࣓ࢫ㸦⫾Ꮚ㸫㺃㯤య㸫㸧ࡀィ 83 㢌☜ ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ12 ᭶ࡽ⩣ᖺࡢ 11 ᭶ࡢ୍⦾Ṫࢧࢡࣝ୰࡛ࠊ12㹼3 ᭶ࡣዷፎุᐃࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ ࠸ಶయࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࡇࡽࠊዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ㐺ษ࡞ᮇ㛫ุ᩿ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧 ࠋ ᅗ ⫾Ꮚ㯤యࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓᮇ රᗜ࣡ࣝࢻࣛࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6 ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢุูࡢྍྰ ༸ᕢࡢ⤌⧊ほᐹ࡚ࠊࣈࢱࡢሗ࿌ྠᵝࡢ⤌⧊ᡤぢ࡞ࡿዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ ࡓࠋ1 ࡘࡢ༸ᕢࡽᵝࠎ࡞ࢱࣉࡢዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓಶయࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ1 ࢱ ࣉࡢࡳ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓಶయࡶᏑᅾࡋࡓࠋ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㏥⦰≀ࡢෆ㒊 ㏥⾜㯤య⣽⬊ࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊ㏥⦰≀࿘ᅖࡸ⾑⟶ቨᙎᛶ⥺⥔ࡢ㞟✚ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࢆ Type Ϩุ᩿ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱. A B㸧ࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚㏥⾜㯤య⣽⬊ࡀᾘኻࡋࠊ㏥⦰≀ෆࡢ ᅗ ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢุู $ % ࡣࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ 7\SHϨࠊ& ' ࡣ 7\SHϨࡼࡾࡶྂ࠸ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࠊ( ) ࡣⓎ 㯤యࡢ㏥⦰≀ࡢ⤌⧊ീࠋ$㹼' ࡢዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡽࡣࠊ⾑⟶ቨࡸࡑࡢ࿘ᅖᙎᛶ⥺⥔ࡢ㞟✚ࡀ ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸦▮༳㸧 ࠋዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ 7\SHϨࡣ㏥⾜ࡋࡓ㯤య⣽⬊ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸦▮㢌㸧ࠋ ࢚ࣛࢫࢳ࣭࣮࢝࣡ࣥࢠࣥࢯࣥᰁⰍࠋ6FDOHEDU ȣP$&(ࠊȣP%')ࠋ රᗜ࣡ࣝࢻࣛࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6 ⾑⟶ࡢࡁࡉࡸᩘࡀቑຍࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣࠊTypeϩ௨㝆ࡢዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡔุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ 㸱. C D㸧ࠋࡉࡽᙎᛶ⥺⥔ࡢ㞟✚ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡎࠊ㏥⦰≀ෆࡀࣄࣜࣥ≀㉁࡛༨ࡵࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡣࠊⓎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱. E F㸧ࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾ㯤య㏥⦰≀ Type Ϩࡢ㆑ูࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ. Ἢஙዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࡢẚ㍑ ฟ⏘ᚋࡢಶయࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨἪஙࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࡢẚ㍑ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 1㸧 ࠋ4㹼11 ᭶⬇ࡸ⫾Ꮚࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ࣓ࢫ 45 㢌୰ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰ ≀ TypeϨࡣ 5㹼11 ᭶ 40 㢌ࡽ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚Ἢஙࡣ 5㹼9 ᭶ 11 ᭶ 15 㢌ࡽ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ୧ᣦᶆࡣ 5㹼6 ᭶ࡣྠᩘࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ7 ᭶௨㝆ࡣἪஙࡢ☜ㄆ ᩘࡀῶᑡࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓἪஙࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡍ࡚ࡢಶయࡽ㯤య㏥⦰≀ typeϨࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ ࡓࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊฟ⏘ᚋࡢಶయࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࡣࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡢ᪉ࡀ Ἢஙࡼࡾࡶ☜ㄆྍ⬟ᮇ㛫ࡀ㛗࠸ࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ⾲ 㯤య㏥⦰≀Ἢஙࡢ☜ㄆᩘࡢẚ㍑ ᭶ ᭶ ᭶ ᭶ ᭶ ᭶ ᭶ ᭶ ྜィ ㏥⦰≀ Ἢங ␗࡞ࡿᣦᶆࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓዷፎ⋡ࡢẚ㍑ ዷፎ⋡ࡢ⟬ฟࡣࠊዷፎᮇ㸦4㹼7 ᭶㸧㠀ዷፎᮇ㸦8㹼11 ᭶㸧ࡢᶆᮏࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ᪉ἲ ࡛♧ࡋࡓ 3 ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢᣦᶆࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ࡲࡎ⫾Ꮚዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨ☜ㄆࡢే⏝ࡼࡿዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊዷፎᮇࡀ 93.94㸣ࠊ 㠀ዷፎᮇࡀ 90.91㸣࡞ࡾࠊయࡋ࡚ 92.42㸣⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸰. 㹟㸧 ࠋḟ⫾Ꮚ☜ ㄆࡢࡳ࡛ࡣࠊዷፎᮇࡀ 60.61㸣ࠊ㠀ዷፎᮇࡀ 3.03㸣࡞ࡾࠊయࡋ࡚ 31.82㸣⟬ฟ ࡉࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸰. 㹠㸧 ࠋ᭱ᚋ⫾ᏊἪங☜ㄆࡢే⏝࡛ࡣࠊዷፎᮇࡀ 87.88㸣ࠊ㠀ዷፎᮇࡀ 21.21㸣࡞ࡾࠊయࡋ࡚ࠊ54.55%⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸰. 㹡㸧 ࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊዷፎᮇ㠀 ዷፎᮇฟ⏘ᚋಶయࢆぢ㏨ࡋ࡞ࡃ᳨ฟࡋࡓ⫾Ꮚዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡢే⏝ࡼࡿ ዷፎ⋡ࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗ࡃ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ ⪃ᐹ ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢุูࡑࡢ᭷⏝ᛶ ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊࣀࢩࢩࡢ༸ᕢࡢ⤌⧊ほᐹࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢุูࡀྍ⬟࡛ ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧 ࠋ࡞ุู࣏ࣥࢺࢆࡲࡵࡿࠊ㐣ཤ 1 ᖺ௨ෆᙧ ᡂࡉࢀࡓዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀㸦TypeϨ㸧ࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ๓ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓྂ࠸ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ 㸦Typeϩ㹼ϫ㸧ࡢ᪂ᪧุᐃࡣࠊ⤌⧊ษ∦࢚ࣛࢫࢳ࣭࢝࣡ࣥࢠ࣮ࢯࣥᰁⰍࡋࠊኚ ᛶ㯤య⣽⬊ࡸᙎᛶ⥺⥔ࡢ㞟✚ࡢ᭷↓ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿᡭἲࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋⓎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ රᗜ࣡ࣝࢻࣛࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6 ⾲ ྛዷፎᣦᶆࡑࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡼࡗ࡚⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓዷፎ⋡ 㸦㹟㸧⫾Ꮚ㏥⦰≀ࢆᣦᶆࡋࡓሙྜ ⫾ᏊѸ ⫾ᏊѸ ዷፎ⋡ ㏥⦰≀ ㏥⦰≀Ѹ 㸦㸧 1 ⫾Ꮚ ᭶㸦ዷፎᮇ㸧 ᭶㸦㠀ዷፎᮇ㸧 ྜィ 㸦㹠㸧⫾Ꮚࡢࡳࢆᣦᶆࡋࡓሙྜ ዷፎ⋡ 1 ⫾Ꮚ ⫾ᏊѸ ᭶㸦ዷፎᮇ㸧 ᭶㸦㠀ዷፎᮇ㸧 ྜィ ⫾ᏊѸ ⫾ᏊѸ ዷፎ⋡ Ἢங Ἢங 㸦㸧 㸦㸧 㸦㹡㸧⫾ᏊἪஙࢆᣦᶆࡋࡓሙྜ 1 ⫾Ꮚ ᭶㸦ዷፎᮇ㸧 ᭶㸦㠀ዷፎᮇ㸧 ྜィ ࡢุูࡣࠊ࣐ࢵࢯ࣭ࣥࢺࣜࢡ࣮࣒ࣟᰁⰍ࡚ࠊࣄࣜࣥ≀㉁ࡢ᭷↓ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡛ ྍ⬟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ḟᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡀዷፎ⋡ࡢ⟬ฟᣦᶆࡋ࡚᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿ ࠺ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊἪங☜ㄆ㸦Fonseca et al. 2004㸧ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ୧⪅ࡢ☜ㄆᩘࡢ 㐪࠸ࡣ 7㹼11 ᭶ㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊἪங☜ㄆࡢ᪉ࡀᑡ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸯㸧 ࠋࣀࢩࢩࡢᤵஙᮇ㛫 ࡣ⣙ 3 ᭶㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽ㸦Ụཱྀ 2003㸧 ࠊරᗜ┴ࡢࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣࠊ7 ᭶௨㝆ࡣᤵங ࢆ⤊࠼ࡓಶయࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ7 ᭶௨㝆ࡶἪங☜ㄆࢆࡶࡗ࡚ዷፎ ⋡ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿࠊฟ⏘ᚋಶయࡢぢⴠࡋࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊዷፎ⋡ࢆ㐣ᑠ⟬ฟࡍࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ 㸦⾲㸰㹡㸧 ࠋ㐣ᑡ⟬ฟࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡣࠊዷፎ⋡⟬ฟࡢᮇ㛫ࢆἪங☜ㄆࡀ☜ᐇ⾜࠼ࡿ 4㹼6 ᭶㝈ᐃࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ▷ᮇ㛫࡛༑ศ࡞ᶆᮏᩘࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࡇࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡣࠊ5㹼11 ᭶ࡢᮇ㛫⫾Ꮚࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ ಶయࡢ 92.1%ࡽ☜ㄆࡉࢀࠊ11 ᭶ࡲ࡛ࡑࡢᩘࡣῶᑡࡋ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸯㸧 ࠋࡉࡽዷፎ㯤 య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡣࠊἪஙಶయࡢࡍ࡚ࡽ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡇࡼࡾࠊἪங☜ㄆࡼࡾ⢭ᗘࡢ 㧗࠸ᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡢື≀࡛ࡣࠊฟ⏘ᚋಶయࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࠊ⫾┙ࡀ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Tsubota රᗜ࣡ࣝࢻࣛࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6 et al. 1990; Mowat & Slough 1996㸧ࠋࡋࡋࣀࢩࢩ⛉ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊẕయ⫾Ꮚࡢ⤖ྜ ᛶࡀప࠸ୖ⓶⤧ẟᛶ⫾┙࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ⫾┙ࡣṧࡽ࡞࠸㸦Friess et al. 1980㸧 ࠋࡑࡢࡓ ࡵࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣࠊ⫾┙ࢆฟ⏘ᚋಶయࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊぢⴠࡋ࡞ࡃฟ⏘ᚋಶయࢆ㛗ᮇ㛫᳨ฟ࡛ࡁࡿዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡀࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࢆ⿵࠺ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟᣦᶆࡋ࡚᭷⏝ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ุ᩿ࡋࡓࠋዷፎ㯤య ㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡢ☜ㄆࡣࠊ㈝ࡸࡍ㛫ᢏ⾡ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᶆᮏ㞟ࡢᅔ㞴ࡉ ࡀࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࣀࢩࢩࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾ㛗ᮇ㛫☜ㄆྍ⬟࡞ᣦᶆࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡼࡾከࡃࡢᤕ⋓ಶయࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀ᭱ࡶඃඛᗘࡀ㧗࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵዷፎᮇ ௨እࡢᶆᮏࡽ☜ᐇุᐃྍ⬟࡞㯤య㏥⦰≀ࢆᰝᐃࡍࡿᡭἲࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀ᭱⤊ⓗ ࡣຠ⋡ࡀⰋ࠸ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ㐺ࡋࡓᮇ රᗜ┴ࡢࣀࢩࢩࡢཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘ᮇࡣࠊዷፎᮇ㛫ࡰྠࡌ⣙ 4 ᭶ࡢኚ␗ᖜࡀ࠶ ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧ࠋࡇࡢཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜࢆᅗ♧ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸲ୖ㸧ࠋ ᅗࡢ㏻ࡾࠊኚ␗ᖜࡀ 4 ᭶࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊ12 ᭶ཷ⫾ࡋ࡚ 4 ᭶ฟ⏘ࡍࡿಶయࡀ ࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ3 ᭶ཷ⫾ࡋ 7 ᭶ฟ⏘ࡍࡿಶయࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇࢆពࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ ࣀࢩࢩ⛉ࡣཷ⫾ᚋ⣙ 20 ᪥㛫㸦ᅗ㸲ࡢዷፎึᮇ㸧ࡣ⬇ࡀ⫗║࡛ࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡁࡉ࡛ ࠶ࡿ㸦Perry & Rowlands 1962㸧ࡓࡵࠊ12㹼4 ᭶ࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ⬇ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ዷፎಶయࡀ Ꮡᅾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡢᮇࡶࠊ⫾Ꮚ᭷↓ࡀุᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ዷፎึᮇಶ యࡸฟ⏘ᚋಶయࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇࡀ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠊࢽ࣍ࣥࢪ࢝ࡢཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘ ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜࢆ Suzuki et al.㸦1996㸧ࡢሗ࿌ࢆඖᅗ♧ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸲ୗ㸧 ࠋࢽ࣍ࣥࢪ࢝ࡶ ኚ␗ᖜࡣ⣙ 3 ᭶Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊዷፎᮇ㛫ࡀ⣙ 230 ᪥㛗࠸ࡓࡵࠊ2㹼4 ᭶ࡢ 3 ᭶㛫ࡣࠊ ࣀࢩࢩࡢࡼ࠺࡞ぢⴠࡋ࡞ࡃࠊ⫾Ꮚ᭷↓࡚ዷፎุᐃࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢཷ⫾࣭ฟ ⏘ᮇࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡽࠊࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣࠊዷፎᮇ㛫ࡰྠࡌ⣙ 4 ᭶ࡢኚ␗ᖜࡀ࠶ࡿ ࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀཎᅉ࡛ࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡔࡅ࡛ࡣዷፎ⋡ࡀ㐣ᑠ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ4㹼11 ᭶⫾Ꮚࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓዷፎಶయዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡀ☜ㄆ ࡉࢀࡓฟ⏘ᚋಶయࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡛ዷፎ⋡ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ 㸦⾲㸰㹟㸧 ࠋࡇ ࡢᡭἲࡣࠊࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓ 2 ࡘࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡋࡓࠋ ୍ࡘ┠ࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡢࡳࡼࡿ⟬ฟ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣዷፎ⋡ࢆ㐣ᑠ⟬ฟࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡗ ࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㐣ཤ၏୍ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓࢽ࣍ࣥࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ 32㸣ࡣࠊᖺ㛫ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ ᚓࡽࢀࡓಶయࡢ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡢࡳ࡛⟬ฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦ጜᓮ࣭ᆏᗞ 2010㸧 ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡶྠࡌࡼ ࠺⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡢࡳࡢሙྜࡢዷፎ⋡ࡣ 31.82㸣పࡃ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸰㹠㸧ࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ ࡚⫾Ꮚዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡢ☜ㄆࡣ 92.42%⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸰㹟㸧 ࠋࡇࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࠊ ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢ☜ㄆࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊฟ⏘ᚋࡢಶయࢆ᳨ฟ࡛ࡁࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ රᗜ࣡ࣝࢻࣛࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6 㸦㎷ ࡼࡾ㸧 㸦6X]XNLHWDO ࡼࡾసᅗ㸧 ᅗ ࣀࢩࢩࢽ࣍ࣥࢪ࢝ࡢཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜࢆ♧ࡍᶍᘧᅗ ዷፎึᮇ㸦⃰࠸⅊Ⰽࡢ㒊ศ㸧࡛ࡣࠊ⬇ࡀ⫗║ほᐹ࡛ࡁࡿࡲ࡛ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᮇࠊዷፎ ୰㹼ᚋᮇ㸦ⷧ࠸⅊Ⰽࡢ㒊ศ㸧ࡣ⬇ࡀ⫾Ꮚᡂ㛗ࡋࠊ⫗║ほᐹࡀྍ⬟࡞ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡚ࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡢࡳ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢᖺࡢ⦾Ṫᮇዷፎࡋࡓࡀㄪᰝࡣ⫾Ꮚࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ዷ ፎึᮇಶయฟ⏘ᚋಶయࢆぢ㏨ࡋࠊࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࢆ㐣ᑠ⟬ฟࡍࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ ࡗࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡚ࠊዷፎุᐃࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᮇ㛫ࢆ㝖እࡋࠊ☜ᐇุᐃࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ 4㹼11 ᭶ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆຍ࠼࡚ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡢ☜ㄆࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛ࡼࡾṇ☜࡞ዷ ፎ⋡ࡀ⟬ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡶ࠺୍Ⅼࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊ⊁⊟ᅽࡢ㧗࠸ᮇࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎᮇࡢࡎࢀࡼࡾዷፎಶయࡀᚓ ࡃࡃዷፎ⋡ࡀ⟬ฟ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞⟬ฟ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣࠊዷፎಶయ ࡀᚓࡃ࠸࠸࠺ၥ㢟Ⅼࢆዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡢ☜ㄆࡼࡗ࡚ฟ⏘ᚋಶయࢆከࡃ᳨ ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡛ᨵၿࡋࡓࠋࡃ⊁⊟ᅽࡢ㧗࠸ 11 ᭶ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓ㠀ዷፎಶయ࡛ࡶዷፎ㯤 య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡢ☜ㄆࡼࡗ࡚ዷፎṔࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡛ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲ ࡓዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ᭷ຠ࡞ᮇ㛫ࢆ 4㹼11 ᭶ࡢ 8 ᭶㛫ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡶࠊከࡃࡢᤕ⋓ಶయࠊ ࡃ᭷ᐖᤕ⋓࡚㥑㝖ࡉࢀࡓಶయࢆࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢᮦᩱࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ ࡓࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ᪉ἲࡣࠊᶆᮏ㞟ࡢ㞴ࡋࡉ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴ ࡋࡓⅬ࡛ࠊỗ⏝ᛶࡀᴟࡵ࡚㧗࠸⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࢆࡲࡵ࡚ࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࡢ⟬ฟ㐺ࡋࡓᮇ㛫ᣦᶆࢆḟ♧ࡍࠋ රᗜ࣡ࣝࢻࣛࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6 ㄪᰝᮇ㛫㸸4㹼11 ᭶ ⟬ฟᣦᶆ㸸⬇ࡸ⫾Ꮚዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨ ⟬ฟᘧ㸸 ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆಶయᩘ + ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨ☜ㄆಶయᩘ ዷፎ⋡㸦%㸧㸻 యࡢ࣓ࢫࡢᩘ ×100 ㅰ㎡ ᮏ◊✲ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡾࠊ2003 ᖺࡽ 2011 ᖺරᗜ┴⊟ࡢከࡃࡢᨭ㒊ࡢⓙࡉ ࡲᶆᮏࢆࡈᥦ౪㡬ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋⓙࡉࡲࡢከ࡞ࡿࡈ༠ຊ࡞ࡋ࡛ࡣᮏ◊✲ࡣ㐙⾜࡛ࡁࡲࡏ ࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢሙࢆࡾ࡚ࠊ῝ࡃឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Ahmad, E., Brooks, JE., Hussain, I., and Khan, MH. 1995. 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