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2015年度
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T U^_?qNDD (,[0234(56p !"#$%&'0:;<?=>*,50:;<0 [}?LMNSFGHI0234( RNOEno*+zSO50:;<[}]p A,^_/0^_9f]*,RNS " T [0=>*p:;<[}?HID*+0']*,)r0^_/kA0?a,'0 ^_ ¡(¢£RNSbp,^_234?LA([LM,¤Ap9^_HI?JKLMNS # T FGHI0¥¦§?¨©RNpq)r^_?z,HI?`ª«NS¬@A®,^_9f] *,¤¯M+^_ ¡°0¢£?ES¬@A?D*+FGHI?JKLMNS _`_a,2 [0±²pij?PQ³(x[´µ]NOE(*6k|¶·0¸¹?*,PQ09k]Pº*p» ?`¼|,½]k9Ac5@(RN½¾?!*+,y¿0À2(RRÁOE(ÂÃRNS Xbcd D(9*S efgh 7Ä,P{RNS ijkl ^_0ÅÆÇÈ]ÉÊRNS ― 252 ― !"#$ 123 %&'()*+,-./0 456789:;<12 NOP6 =>?@$ ABCD EFGHI JKLM 85 !QRS#TUVWX% !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789.:;<=>?@6ABCDE*FG'H* IJK !QYZ L MNO#$89"PQ6ABC7R.ST1U.ST"VWJ,-.H#$X,J"YZ6[\)*K ]^_`>?@1abcd>?@6efgJ)*89>?@"hi178.jkQ1M@lmnoJBp q89rs'tuHvw@69xKIyz"hi6{|}q~7NO#$9"mw^wNz )*89.:;<=>?@6 .!.'[\)*K ![\ 1 L 8.jkQH7 89>?@6rs)*qg'tuH96{|}7H89>?@" *FG'w6DGKq7MNO89rs'BC7hTJHpCB*"[\6 g*K 2 L "6[\}723456 ¡¢£¤MNO89>?@6}7¥¦§"9¨©}7ª§ "«¬w@'®¯)*K q7 !rs°P±*K 3 L Iy"[\6JgHz79²"³X6´µ)K ]^]_*0 µ¶·yq¸¹º167»"¼½6¾gC¿À'Á£Â*IJK W`ab ÃÄÅÆÇÈÉL ÊMNO#$89ËL ÌÍÎÏ 2007 Ð3,150 Ñ ÒÓ¢ÔÕ cdef [1] Robert Barro and Xavier Sala-i-Martin, “Economic Growth”, Second edition, MIT Press, 2003. [2] David de la Croix and Philippe Michel, “A Theory of Economic Growth”, Cambridge U. P., 2002. [3] Roger E. A. 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Fennell, J¿K;LM .EU NO|k¨i'PtQR1c |BS¥1¸4ö 1999 Ð T UVèKWèX! .EC '|¨ª«4,Y1c |14 1994 Ð Z |[\]^_`èabcôd .efNO|k¨i'gh1 1998 Ð i EC-Commission, The Agricultural Situation in the Community, ±jÐÚ² Brussels k Bundesministerium für Land-u. Forstwirtschaft±BMLF²lÖsterreichlGrüner Bericht;±jÐÚ² hijk Ý'mnn¶u7ëj=> ±1²-om ±2²,-01'p.nde=%&qrÎb=fgyB89ôõüE ±3²B01ðóôõöE&'ø ― 264 ― !"#$ 012 %&'()*+,-./ 3456789:;01 <=>?$ 'IJ5 !"#$% !"#$% &'($ @ABCDABCDEFGBH 74 !KLM#NOPQRA !"#$%&'()*+,-./01"23#$"456789:;<=6>.?@A#$BC6A DEF,-GHIJKLMN,6OPQRSTUVJEW6 XYZ*+7[U\]^_`;abcZd _e#$fg"%&'h !"#$%&'()*+,-./JKLMij_eOkZh6lm;n<6o >"pq<r6stuv;wxyz]"{|6}~;n<Iad_e !KST #$fgZh6n<pq701"#$K)<r>"n< JZF_6h j>0JMBZF_UvM_`;UbfM_eKLM#$W"fgJj_6 X YZ"./h6N,yOyOPQRyt7T"UM_e XYU ¡M6pqn<,¢n<pq,£"¤¥;¦xU7)6§¨"©ª6@A6QR"«¬UV JEW6*+,-Ubc;MfgU®_e !¯VJn<01"j-°;7±,-(sty² t)U@A6<=y³,´µ_`;JKLM6 !"¶SUn·´µ_`;"ZF_fg«¬U¸x^ _e¹º"./h6 !"t7T6pqN,;n<,"¤¥»¼J¦¡M½_e `"n<#$fgU¾¿^_ !hÀÁ"`;aºÂZd_e ¢1£\+"n<pqÃÄ#$ÅÆ;ÇÈ"\+,-É,J XY1ÊZ9:^_`;e ¢2£>n<78yË"78JÌ86<=^_`;e ¢3£ÍÎ7yÎÏpq7UVJEW_601Ðb"Ñ\;fgÅÆZ"ÃÒÓÔ8J9:^_` ;e ¢4£*+ÕÖ XYZADEF,-U×Ø´µ_`;e ¢5£Ù?Z"§¨"©ª;O@A"6>n<01»¼UÚLM>0ZÛÜÝ_ Jj_J6TOEIC ; TOEFL Uh¡6>1sÞßUà^_`;e !UV ) Xá 1 XáZh6â,6<r>pq,6ãäåyæãäåpq,6>n<,"¤¥»¼UVJEW6 çÝU¤J !a¯QZ#$ÎèUM_`;aZF_TUVJEW_`;aZF_KéJfg^_eà J6N,;>n<"êëìÜíl>î<r>îæïðñ>î2®>ò"n<óôõ¢âö÷ó ôõ£UNø6ùúûZF_KéJfg^_e``Zh6n<pq7"¤¥QüZd_6ýñ;n<6 ðñ|;n<6>þÿ;n<6Ù? !;n<6"§#;n<6pq;n<IJ0^_<=;É,U 3ée :M6\+"n<pqÃÄ#$ÅÆ;ÇÈ"\+,-É,ò"9:6>n<78yË"78ò": $;78<=6ÍÎ7yÎÏpq7"¤U7%&6fgÅÆZ"ÃÒÓÔ8ò"9:aºÂZd_e * Xá 2 XáZh6n<pq,"QüZ6í'()*#$aj´ÝM_6>+T;n< ¢ODA,JICA,NGO,NPO, BOP, ,&-./012BCj3U45)6Ù?67G§;n<688"y-| "9:¢;u-|;<u-|£;n<6=>;ÚÊ?Sjn<6@A"n<BCST;n<6DEEº; n<61FG&;n<62®>HlmIJIM"»¼UJ_"fgU3éeK1KL>"n< 01óô1FMN6´ÜJh#$zUO#$@A()§¨©ªU3é`;PQ?RZd_e 2 XáZP\+"n<pqÃÄ#$ÅÆ;ÇÈ"\+,-É,ò"9:6>n<78;Ë"78 ò":$;78<=6ÍÎ7yÎÏpq7"¤U7%&6fgÅÆZ"ÃÒÓÔ8ò"9:aºÂZ d_eS + Xá 3 XáZh6EJADEF,-;*+,-J0^_fgU3ée#$@A6§¨©ª6QR«¬"fg ;;PJ6ADEF,-h6*+,-"%&'J0^_#$45U3ée#$%&'JKLMh6K 1KL>Z"O@AP3ée3 XY"#$TU>n<78UË"78Z<=ZF_`;UADEF ,-"<36()*+,-U´µ_`;abcZd_e 3 XáZP6\+"n<pqÃÄ#$ÅÆ;ÇÈ"\+,-É,ò"9:6>n<78yË"78ò ":$;>.?Z"78<=6ÍÎ7yÎÏpq7"¤U7%&6fgÅÆZ"ÃÒÓÔ8ò"9: aQ?RZd_e ― 267 ― ! "#$ !"#$%&'()*+,-+./012&"# !3456789:;<=>,&?@AB:CD E.F#G;HI678JK)LMNOPC&BQ#RSTUV3W)XYZ8?@[B:8\,] %&'( 4;\^] )*+ !"#$%&'()*+",-./012345'(+"678090:;+"<=>?@AB Lwin M.M. (1976), A Quantitative Approach to Industrialization in Burma, (Unpublished Master Thesis), Institute of Economics, Rangoon University, Burma. Lwin M.M. (1983), Theoretical Evaluation of Rural-Urban Migration and Problems of Urban Employment and Underemployment The Economic Science, Vol. 3o, No.4, March, Faculty of Economics, Nagoya University, Japan. Lwin M.M. (1984), An Econometric Approach to Urbanization, Age, Education and Internal Migration: A Cross-sectional Analysis, International Economic Conflict Discussion Paper, No.3, Economic Research Center, Faculty of Economics, Nagoya University, Japan. Lwin M.M. (1984), Internal Migration and Urbanization in Burma and Japan:C Towards a New Strategy for Dualistic Structure of Asian Urbanization, (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation), Nagoya University, Japan. Lwin M.M. 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Alan Cahn G R. Obrien; Thinking About The Environment, M. E. Sharp, 1996. H ü;[,EU |H$%ST³CAP·()*+01ÜÝÞß45BI;$'ST6³äyIuvw xçâJK¸L¿ÙÊM·È È È È È È È È È È È È È È È È °#=N¶OÎGPQL+M bcde ¥#ËGR¨I<STL+M ³1· UV#JWXY³Z[(lB\;]^_bOÎ#`M=a&bêñycdê#¦=A· ³2· JeÊ^#ñyò(f ],ûý!"6&{'(#ghij ³3· ,ûý!"6#¹¾¦ ― 263 ― !"#$ ./0 %&'()*+,- 1./ 2345$ '?@A BC !"#$% !"#$% &'($ 6789:789:;<=8> !DEF#GHIJK7 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123)'+,45678$9:;<=>0?@A<0BCD< 8EF@G+,HIJ'()*KL6MN@O P*QRSTUVKW0X6YN@A<Z[\@]^6 _`a@A<Zbcde@G !DLM fg_`#$+,HIhifgM]T,jkl3'+,459:6mn2op0qE@A<0b_8 EF@G]rEfgstN'!"<*@uv6$QR<UVKWSTwxyz<3{|}'~0 '08EF@G 6$6]@,P*fg<R08$u$C~/op6*@A<0b_8E d'fg<3{h4STwx|}0rEF@G !NOP 16 HIÌÍ<HI,j¯¿À¿Î3'¬! 1 +,HIJ'¡ST¢£ 2 ¤¥'¦§<+,'bc 3 fghi_` 17 Ï"$º»$®¹c wxhi_` 4 o¨'¦§<HI,j ©3<ª«! 18 c wx¿ÐCÑÒhi_` 19 ÓÔ¥ÕÖ"§=><Ó[×tÖ"§=! '¬ >¯¿À¿'¬ 5 6 ®"<+,¯QRP°± 20 7 ²'³´<,jkl3'¬ 21 xØRÙSTÚÛRÙhi_` 8 µ¶'·¸hi_` 22 ÜÝÞßàHI,j¯á¿À¿'¬ 9 ®¹<º»¼'o¨½¾<HI,j¯¿À 23 âq<+,¯ãäåæç'èé6MN@ê! ëìtl'¬ ¿'¬ 10 oPµÁ<+,¯C~/opq 24 íîïµ<HI,j¯QRP°± 11 25 íîïµ<HI,j¯¿À¿HI'¬! 12 ÂÃKWhi_` 13 ÄÅ'ÆÇȯQRP°± 26 14 ¿À¿'ÄÅUV<É5¯3{ÊË 27 +,=><HI,j 15 28 ,jðñR<¿À¿'¬ 29 1òóì*+,<C~/HI 30 <v QRQSTUP fg_`0ôa@uv6#$õöåDöHIJ$3{ÜÝR$á÷¿À¿HIR$3{høR$3{ ®"Rhi'ùú0¬û6üv@ýþZeÿ$ !"d!"8uJ#RÙ<µ¶0!"$6Ø%A<Z¬$ J&<*@Gu$C~/op6*@uv$^|}àf'(<J)'*+Z,ó-de@G ― 265 ― !"# !"#$ $%&' Ingham, B. (1995), Economics and Development, McGraw Hill. Ito, T. & Krueger, A.O. (1995), Growth Theories in Light of the East Asian Experiences, University of Chicago Press. Meier, G.M. & R.E. Baldwin. (1996), Economic Development: Theory, History, Policy, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 7th Edition. Lwin M.M. (1984), Internal Migration and Urbanization in Burma and Japan:% Towards a New Strategy for Dualistic Structure of Asian Urbanization, (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation), Nagoya University, Japan. Lwin M.M. 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J.*(8&G K*-.($ <&$>>-'I Family Themes and Hawthorne’s Fiction: The Tenacious Web. +).@).%G LI M$*%).I Dearest Beloved: The Hawthornes and the Making of the Middle-Class FamilyI v ÝE4,èKÐÑ5Jéêë³CDE `abc 9:,=ìIv1lí2c[\DÞ3ÐÑJÚ\[lîïJvbc[\DÞ3UV¶·Jq V¤vlr3¾,mð,ñòóô/\vlr34,õö÷ø/Ø?2vlr3©"ª«"o¬,qDùú lvbc[\DÞ38z7,ûü/°ýþÿU [ûÞc[\DÞ3vÝ\V/ù2[!"G# J2vlr3P7/$jJ÷CDE ― 285 ― !"#$ 123 %&'()*+,-./0 456789:;<12 OPQ6 =>?@$ ABCDEF GHIJF KLMN 85 !RST#UVWXYZ !"#$%& Nathaniel Hawthorne $'()*+,-./01.'()234567089:;9<=$ >?@AB%)C6D?EF)GHFI?JKL,-M Hawthorne '($NO-P4QR?STUB%$VW )XYIJ !R[\ Hawthorne $'()*+,-.TJZ[$\]FU?^_$`abcd,eafgh)ij-kZb'($ lm)2345670n'(<opq@AB%7rTs$Ftuvwt/EF)xytzzB(I?J{$< op)|}tun@A~7$'()MX0B-?37$ b oUs tUqQ07$BsX5'($0|}t5n<opFB37$)x-ytX ?J30@AB%$FU?)6D0 ¡RF¢£-¤$)6Du¥¦)C6Du/§J !]^ 1 ¨©ª ª {$<op$«¬)xyt01.'(-®¯?°±²¯).³5-0n'($<op)|}I?J´. tu0<op-µ¶I?ghF¡RQ1.'()·¸otUqQ0@AB%¥¦$¹º»u).TJ 2 ¨©ª ª <op-¡³u¥¦)X?q0FU?-µtu03¼½¾d)./0P¿t0 ÀB%)VWÁÂ?J 3 ¨©ª ª FU?)sF-0ÁQ-<op$B)ÃÄI?STUÅ70ÆÇ$sVWÁÂu/§J ÈÉUÊÇ0¡RQ$-µtus¼½¾d)./0¡$TË$^aMÌÍÎÏ$.ÐR?¼½Ñ-ÒÓÁ R?ÔÕÖ$s$FU?ST-C6D?J _`_a*b Hawthorne !"#$%& '( )*+,)-+.,)-/0"1234$567 8"9:;: <=>+ ?.@/4(AB567>C9 +?"DE(F+G,HIJ.KLG,67 M"C9 NO.P@Q(,RST U.VE,WX"+? YZ.[4$5\ ]^_`.abcG(,+?.def(EB5 Xcde The Centenary Edition of the Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne (Columbus: Ohio State UP) (C,The Old Manse Edition mnop$5 gh>i$j,)-"kl fg)h Herbert, T. Walter. Dearest Beloved: The Hawthornes and the Making of the Middle-Class Family. Matthiessen, F. O. American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman. Stoehr, Tyalor. Hawthorne’s Mad Scientists: Pseudoscience and Social Science in Nineteenth-Century Life and Letters. UJ9 qC,67 r"st uvp$5 ijkl ER37×Ø7>³5ghÙÚb1.'()2340Hawthorne '($NOFtu¼½7yXQR?<op qÛ}ÁRu/?Ü0¡$<opq¬U )ÝÞ70,x-BÁRu/?Ü0MLA Kßà$á -â³uÜRu/?Ü0'(FtuãàI?-äI?Ü0UF/³5å)æçèé-tUqQ0@AB %FtuZ[I?J ― 286 ― !"#$ /01 %&'()*+,-. 2/0 A-BC 3456$ 789: ;<=> <=?@ DE !FGH#IJKLMN !"#$%&'()*+,-. !#$*/0123%451)6*.789:";<)=1>& ?@"AB%C*DE1FG !FOP G ;HI*JKLMN"#$OPQ%&'FRSNT=UJ.(VWXYZ01[.\]^_)`ab =[WYZ01()cd1FefgJhijklmnopq"rst"78%u&bvw)xy-w1F G hijklmnopqJz{7|}~ 1915)7|)1919" I*+1% bv"V.1922 f*#$|kK"%.wX"I="|oK 1925.| 1927=U" I=78%¡*¢w.£¤¥ !" 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Vabc X_? de/f '()*+ ,-.-/*)( ¾#00% !"#$%&'(%&!')*&+,#!$-).%/0#1 2-34)-56+ ,-78*33-9+ :;1 '()*+ ,-.-/*)( 6< -3 =#00$> .%/0&$%&+).%12&#$)34)5&%#6(%16#1 ?6)9@ 26<6) A-941 ghij 9*3¿6? ― 290 ― !"#$ 456 %&'()*+,-. /0123 745 F,GH 89':$ ;<=> /?@AB CD@E3 IJ !KLM#NOPQRS !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123 !KTU 4 56789:; !"#$%&'(<=+,-.>?@+3AB7&'CDEF !"#$%()*+ G7?@+HIJK(LM*+F;NN?:OPQ;#R$%()STU,-0VW(XYZ<[3\[ ][?:^[;_[`[123N7ab0cTZd%?e+f'ghi0;jkg(:lm7&'CDE (Mn?e+o2(^+70pqr*+3 4 N7#R$%&'789(LTZ;stguvwxgyz{D|0}+3stgabrTZ:;#R~7 7 0T;Ub()*+0%+U(;&'037 0,-T;+#R~0}I;,-./70`+356?:;7&' ¡ ^+ ¢r;£¤7&'¥F¦TU ¢03£ ;wxgabrTZ:;§¨g(©iFª«# RC¬0}IQ®;¯7°±²0³´T;µ¶·¸9¹0º*+3N7stgwxg»a b0}I+Nr?;,-.>(LTZ¼½¾¬F}U0%+NrF?e+3 !VW 4 AB: ¢0¿À(Á;ÂÃ?:Ä0r;¸9¹0ÅÆ*+3¯0ÇÈ(&'CDE7 F£É`+o2(º*+3 1 Ê4 2 Ê4 3 Ê4 4 Ê4 5 Ê4 6 Ê4 7Ê 8Ê 9Ê 10Ê4 11Ê4 12Ê4 13Ê4 14Ê4 15Ê4 ËÌ;CDÎϾ Daller et al. (Eds.) 1 Ð Daller et al. (Eds.) 2 Ð Daller et al. (Eds.) 3 Ð Daller et al. (Eds.) 4 Ð Daller et al. (Eds.) 5 Ð Daller et al. (Eds.) 6 Ð Daller et al. (Eds.) 7 Ð Daller et al. (Eds.) 8 Ð Daller et al. (Eds.) 9 Ð Daller et al. (Eds.) 10 Ð Daller et al. (Eds.) 11 Ð Daller et al. (Eds.) 12 Ð Daller et al. (Eds.) 13 Ð ÑÒ 16Ê4 17Ê4 18Ê4 19Ê4 20Ê4 21Ê4 22Ê4 23Ê4 24Ê4 25Ê4 26Ê4 27Ê4 28Ê4 29Ê4 30Ê4 Nation (2001) 1 Ð Nation (2001) 2 Ð Nation (2001) 3 Ð Nation (2001) 4 Ð Nation (2001) 5 Ð Nation (2001) 6 Ð Nation (2001) 7 Ð Nation (2001) 8 Ð Nation (2001) 9 Ð Nation (2001) 10 Ð Nation (2001) 11 Ð #RC¬7,-ÓVLT #RC¬7,-ÓYes/No test #RC¬7,-ÓVKS ÑÒ XYXZ)[ ÂÃ?12Ô7Õ¶0¿À(Á;Ö¸^×0ØÙTZÂÃ(Ú3 Q\]^ Nation, I. S. P. Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2001 Daller, H., Milton, J., & Treffers-Daller, J.ÛEds.Ü. Modelling and assessing vocabulary knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2007. _`ab Aitchison, J.Û2003Ü Words in the mind: An introduction to the mental lexicon Û3 rd ed.Ü. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Bachman, L. F.Û1990Ü Fundamental considerations in language testing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Singleton, D.Û1999Ü Exploring the second language mental lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Singleton, D.Û2000Ü Language and the lexicon: An introduction. London: Edward Arnold. cd01 ÂÃV7ÝÞߦ0VW(;r r¸9¹7àáâã^×0,-*+3 ― 291 ― !"#$ 678 %&'()*+,-./012345 9:;<=>?@A67 PQR; BC'D$ EFGH 1IJKL MNJO5 =: !STU#VWXYZ[ ! !"#$%&'()*+,-./01,2(345678(9:;<6=>?@ABC !S\] C D"EFGHIJ6KLMNAB!"OPMQR8(RST-UVWX'YRZ/[\VTM]^(_`a,%bc()de%&'Yfg678(hMijAkl%m'(no,jAB C pqr%Q-kli&s67t)*+%uvwY-x/yt/z{|*}6~uvwYNAB Mt/z{|*}Q- )*+%&'(<6r%hM,jAB<6Zh M,-`a,/ /033giT%3_-0/ )*+6R8.V 'YRZhMi,>AB¡(t/z{|*}Q-"#$%&#%' (')*+$% 3U/¢£¤¥,-!"OPGH IJ%&NA;<6¦§ZB¨%v(A)*+%©ªAhM,-&s/¦6§@- y!"#$% &'YGHI«/ 6¬hMi,>ABa(-®/hM3i-¯°/±²M'Y³´/µ¶ ·¸%tRY¹¢ºB !^_ , »x C ;</)*+%&NA /¼de6½¾'¦§ZB ¿*À/Á6QÂÃĶÅ6ÆÇ NAhM,- /033È6É%'- )*+6ÊZË_Ì@ABÍÁ- È%Î^6ÏwAÐV3ÃĶÅ6ÑYAB;</I«Ò/Ó¾6]^AMÔ%-<6aM AB ! »x C ÃÄ6ÃÕ'-Ö×ØÙ;6aMAB./¾×6¢Ú,ÛÜWÝNAhM6ÞNB - »x C ßà%áÂYâãÃÄ6VÍÁ-;<I«6äå- ! å-æçåèMaMAB `a`b)c éê,ëVì°/íî6jTÂ-fg3U6ïð'Yéê%ñB Ydef )*+%&'(< ghij ò1óôõöC ÷D""ø#$;ùC úû. üýþ ,//0 » ÿ 4!"C ÷¢ÚØ;<WÝ/(/µ¶¢ùC úû. #$%&'=Ï() ,/// » kl23 ;<½¾?*+_i,R-.,-;<//0123Ðæç(6uvwY4ur%GHNAB ― 292 ― !"#$ 678 %&'()*+,-. /01&2345 967 G,HI :;'<$ =>?@ /ABC DEF5 JK !LMN#OPQRST !"#$%&'()*+,-./#0123)2&45&6730189 !LUV 9 !"#$%&':);<=8 !")>?123@ABC&D<*%EF!"#$3&GBEF!" &HIEJKL"MinterlanguageNOP&QRES#T(UOP&QRE !"V4WX%E<YZD<[ \@<18]^B[\)_`a0123@<1ZE !")Sb233V?123@cde<fg&h1 [\@[email protected])stuv123)wo18D@ !")V?1xy@B 123)z{@45)|o1ZE}~iVuh1}(.<B8 !WX 1 9 !"#$*% 1 16 language aptitude 2 9 !"#$*% 2 17 age issues 3 9 error analysis 18 age issues 4 9 contrastive analysis 19 gender issues 5 9 linguistic universals 20 learning strategies 6 social factors & acculturation 21 learning strategies 7 formal/informal context 22 language learning orientations 8 monitor theory & input hypothesis 23 integrative/instrumental motivation 9 role of output 24 intrinsic/extrinsic motivation 10 role of conscious learning 25 motivating learners 11 automatization 26 self-regulation in language learning 12 four skills (reading) 27 L2 motivational self system 13 four skills (listening) 28 V4X 1 14 four skills (writing) 29 V4X 2 15 four skills (speaking) 30 V4X 3 YZY[)2 n& )z@stuv238 R\]^ Ortega, L. (2009). Understanding Second Language Acquisition. (Hodder Education). Apple, M. T., Da Silva, D., & Fellner, T. (2013). Language Learning Motivation in Japan. (Multilingual Matters) _`ab Lightbown, P. M. & Spada, N. (2013). How Languages are learned (4th edition). (Oxford University Press). Johnson, K. (2008). An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching, 2nd edition. (Pearson Longman) . "#$&. 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