ExpoBooks

f.ngh.j (cau; ju)g; guPl;ir
2011 Mk; Mz;bYk; mjd; gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s
guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
ghfk; 7
14 - Fbrhu; njhopDl;gtpay;
15 - nghwpKiwj; njhopDl;gtpay;
16 - kpd;> ,yj;jpud;> jfty; njhopEl;gtpay;
17 - czTj; njhopDl;gtpay;
18 - tptrhaj; njhopDl;gtpay;
19 - capu;tsj; njhopDl;gtpay;
20 - jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gtpay;
Curriculum
Assessment
&
Evaluation
Teaching
N
E
Learning
T
S
Ma;T mgptpUj;jpf; fpis
Njrpa kjpg;gPl;bw;Fk;; guPl;rpj;jYf;Fkhd Nrit
,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;
KOg;gjpg;GupikAilaJ
f.ngh.j (cau; ju)g; guPl;ir
2011 Mk; Mz;bYk; mjd; gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk;
khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
ghfk; 7
,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;
Kjw; gjpg;G 2010
ISBN 978-955-668-034-8
Ma;T mgptpUj;jpf; fpis
Njrpa kjpg;gPl;bw;Fk; guPl;rpj;jYf;Fkhd Nrit
,yq;;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;
epjp mDruiz
cyf tq;fpapd; fy;tpj;Jiw mgptpUj;jpr; rl;lf epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd;
(ESDFP) fPo; fy;tpj;Jiw mgptpUj;jp khdpak; (ESDG) %yk; toq;fg;gl;lJ.
mr;Rg; gjpg;G: murhq;f mr;rf $l;Lj;jhgdk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- ii -
guPl;ir Mizahsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp
ve;jnthU fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yKk; ngwg;gl;l mwpT tpsf;fk; vd;gtw;iw mstpLtjw;Fg;
gy;NtW Kiwapay;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;wpDs; vOj;Jg;guPl;irNa jw;NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
kpfg; gpugykhd KiwahFk;. vOj;Jg; guPl;irahdJ fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapd; tpidj;jpwid
Nkk;gLj;JtJld; $l;Lkjpg;gPl;L Kiwapay;fSf;fpilapy; njhlu;Gfis tsu;j;njLf;Fnkd;gJk; milT
kl;lj;ijj; jPu;khdpf;f cjTnkd;gJk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;bajhFk;.
2007 Mk; Mz;bd; Gjpa fy;tpr; rPu;j;jpUj;jj;jpw;Nfw;g kWrPuikf;fg;gl;l ghlj;jpl;lk; 2009 Mk;
Mz;by; juk; 12 ,y; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mk;khztu;fs; f. ngh. j. (cau; ju)g; guPl;irf;F Kjy;
jlitahf 2011 Mk; Mz;by; Njhw;wTs;sdu;. jpUj;jg;gl;l ghlj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Vw;g 2011 ,Yk; mjd;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh. j. (cau; ju)g; guPl;irf;Fj; Njhw;wTs;s khztu;fspd; ed;ik
fUjp tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; Kd;Ndhb khjpup tpdhf;fSk; mlq;Fk; tpjj;jpy; jahupf;fg;gl;l njhFg;G
,JthFk;
f. ngh. j. (cau; ju)g; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; ghlcs;slf;f rPu;jpUj;jj;Jld; mjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tpjj;jpy;
tpdhj;jhspd; fl;likg;gpYk; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;Jjy;; mtrpakhFk;. ,jw;fika ghlj;njhFjpfisj;
jpul;b xt;nthU ghfq;fshf (Volume) tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;gpd; jdpj;Jtj;ijg; NgZtjw;F Kaw;rp
vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. epGzj;Jtf; FOtpD}lhf ,e;j fl;likg;G jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJld; mjD}lhf Kd;Ndhb
khjpup tpdhf;fs; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
fy;tp mstPLk; kjpg;gPLk; gw;wpa ek;gpf;ifAk; ftdKk; mjpfstpy; nrYj;jg;gLk; ,f;fhy
fl;lj;jpy; f.ngh.j. (cau; ju) kl;lj;jpy; me;j kjpg;gPl;Lg; gzp vt;thW nra;ag;gLfpd;wnjd;gij vy;yhr;
r%fj;jpdUf;Fk; mwpt+l;Ljy; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. f.ngh.j. (cau; ju)g; guPl;ir Kf;fpakhf rhd;wpjo;gLj;Jk;
Nehf;fj;ijf; nfhz;l milTg;guPl;irahFk;. vdpDk; gy;fiyf;fof khdpa Mizf;FO NtW Njrpa
ru;tNjr cau; fy;tp epWtdq;fs; vd;gd ,g;guPl;irapd; ngWNgWfspd; mbg;gilapy; gy;fiyf;
fofq;fSf;F khztu;fisj; njupT nra;tjd; fhuzkhf ,J njupTg; guPl;irapd; gz;GfisAk; nfhz;L
tpsq;FfpwJ. ,jdhy; ,e;j Mf;fj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;G> Kd;Ndhb khjpup tpdhf;fs;
vd;gtw;iwg; guprPypj;jy; %yk; khztu;fs; ,g;guPl;irapid vjpu;Nehf;FtJ vt;thW vd;gijAk; kjpg;gPL
nra;ag;gLk; tpjk; gw;wpAk; rpwe;j tpsf;fj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,jdhy; khztu;fisg; guPl;irf;F
Maj;jg;gLj;Jk; ghlrhiy mjpgu;fSf;Fk; Mrpupau;fSf;Fk; topfhl;ly;fis Nkw;nfhs;NthUf;Fk;
ghlrhiyr; r%fj;jpdUf;Fk; ,J JizGuptjhf mikAk;.
,e;j mwpTiug;G E}ypy; gFjp I ,y; guPl;ir gw;wpa nghJj;jfty;fSk; gFjp II ,y; tpdhj;jhs;fspd;
fl;likg;Gk; ,ay;Gk; gFjp III ,y; xt;nthU ghlj;Jf;Fk; cupa Kd;Ndhb khjpup tpdhf;fSk; ,lk;
ngw;Ws;sd.
,q;F cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;G> Kd;Ndhb khjpup tpdhj;jhs; vd;gtw;iwj;
jahupf;Fk;NghJ xj;Jiog;ig ey;fpa Njrpa fy;tp epWtdj;jpd; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk; cs;spl;l
nraw;FOtpdUf;Fk; midj;J ghlq;fSf;Fk; cupa fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; guPl;rfu;fSf;Fk; tsthsu;fSf;Fk;
,yq;ifg; guPl;ir jpizf;fs mYtyu;fs; ahtUf;Fk; murhq;f mr;rff; $l;Lj;jhgdj; jiytu;> mr;rf
Nkw;ghu;itahsu; cs;spl;l nraw;FOtpdUf;Fk; ,g;gzpiar; nrt;tNd epiwT nra;tjw;F cyf
tq;fpapd; fy;tpj;Jiw mgptpUj;jp epjpak; %yk; khdpak; toq;fpa FOtpdUf;Fk; kjpg;G mspg;gJld;
vdJ kdkhu;e;j ed;wpiaAk; njuptpf;fpd;Nwd;.
mDu vjpuprpq;f
guPl;ir Mizahsu; ehafk;
2010.06.22
Ma;T mgptpUj;jpf; fpis
,yq;ifg; guPl;ir jpizf;fsk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- iii -
topfhl;ly; -
jpU mDu vjpuprpq;f guPl;ir Mizahsu; ehafk;
xOq;fikg;Gk; newpg;gLj;jYk;
-
jpUkjp fahj;jpup mNgFzNrfu
guPl;ir Mizahsu;
(Ma;T mgptpUj;jpf; fpis)
ghl ,izg;ghsu;
-
jpU N[. V. N[. Mu;. [af;nfhb cjtpg; guPl;ir Mizahsu;
cjtp ,izg;ghsu;
-
jpU <. FyNrfu
gpujpg; guPl;ir Mizahsu;
-
jpU V. vk;. Mu;. mNguj;z gpujpg; guPl;ir Mizahsu;
-
jpU Nf. gP. v];. vd; gpNukjpyf gpujpg; guPl;ir Mizahsu;
-
jpUkjp kNdhkp nrdtpuj;d cjtpg; guPl;ir Mizahsu;
-
jpUkjp Gj;jpfh ngNuuh cjtpg; guPl;ir Mizahsu;
xOq;fikg;G -
jpU nr. gpuztjhrd;
cjtpg; guPl;ir Mizahsu;
fzdp gf;f tbtikg;G
-
jpU. ngh. mw;Gj&gd;
Kfhikj;Jt cjtpahsu;
-
Kd;gf;f ml;il
-
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
nry;tp. v];. w`Pdh `hrpk;
fzdp juTg; gjpthsu;
mrq;f rkPu jPghy;
fzdp juTg; gjpthsu;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- iv -
cs;slf;fk;
gf;f ,yf;fk;
gFjp ˚
guPl;irfs; njhlu;ghd nghJj; jfty;fs; gFjp ˚˚
tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;G 1
6
gFjp ˚˚˚
khjpup tpdhf;fs; 7
14 - Fbrhu; njhopDl;gtpay;
9
15 - nghwpKiwj; njhopDl;gtpay;
31
16 - kpd;> ,yj;jpud;> jfty; njhopEl;gtpay;
52
17 - czTj; njhopDl;gtpay;
73
18 - tptrhaj; njhopDl;gtpay;
89
19 - capu;tsj; njhopDl;gtpay;
106
20 - jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gtpay;
121
,izg;G 01
141
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
-v-
gFjp I
fy;tpg; nghJj; juhju (cau;ju)g; guPl;ir njhlu;ghd
nghJj; jfty;fs;
1.
mwpKfk;
,yq;;ifapd;
rpNu\;;l
,ilepiyf;
fy;tpapd;
,Wjpr;
rhd;wpjo;;g;gLj;Jk;
guPl;irahf
f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;ir cs;sJ. ,J Kf;fpakhf rhd;wpjo;;g;gLj;Jk; guPl;irahf eilngw;w
NghJk; gy;fiyf;fofq;;fs;> NtW cau; fy;tp epWtdq;fs;> fy;tpapay; fy;Y}upfs; vd;gtw;wpw;Fj;
jifikiaj; njupT nra;tjw;Fk; ,g;guPl;irapd; ngWNgW mbg;gilahff; nfhs;sg;gLtjhy;
,J xU Nju;Tg; guPl;irahfTk; fUjg;gLfpwJ.
,J Nghd;Nw eLj;ju kl;lj;jpy; njhopiyg; ngWtjw;Fk; ,g;guPl;irg; ngWNgWfs; mbg;gilj;
jifikahff; fUjg;gLfpd;wd. f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;ir juk; 12> 13 vd;gtw;wpd; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpid
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L capupay;> ngsjpftpay;> tu;j;jfk;> fiy vd ehd;F ghl newpfspd; fPo;
eilngWfpwJ. ,J rpq;;fsk;> jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; vd;w %d;W nkhopfs; %yKk; ,lk;ngWfpwJ.
2.guPl;irf;F tpz;zg;gpj;jy;
2.1 ghlrhiyg; guPl;rhu;j;jpfs;
uPl;irf;Fj; Njhw;Wk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; cau;ju tFg;Gf;fs; eilngw;w fhyj;jpy; 80% tuT
g
KOikahf ,Uj;jy; mtrpakhFk;.
uPl;irf;F tpz;zg;gpf;Fk; jifikia epiwT nra;j ghlrhiyg; guPl;rhu;j;jpfs; jkJ ngau;>
g
tpz;zg;gpf;Fk; ghlq;fs;> nkhop%yk; Mfpa jfty;fSld; mjpgupD}lhf tpz;zg;gj;ij
Kd;itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. guPl;rhu;j;jpfspd; ngau;> gpwg;Gr; rhd;wpjopy; fhzg;gLk; tpjj;jpy;
rupahfg; g+uzg;gLj;jg;gLtJld;> ghlq;fs;> ghl ,yf;fq;fs;> nkhop%yk; vd;gdTk; rupahff;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tplaj;jpy; kpFe;j ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLtJ mtrpakhFk;.
2.2 jdpg;gl;l guPl;rhu;j;jpfs;
ghlrhiyg;; guPl;rhu;j;jpahfj; Njhw;whJ Kjy; jlitahfj; jdpg;gl;l guPl;rhu;;j;jpahfj;
Njhw;Wfpd;wtu;fSk; Kd;du; Njhw;wpa ghlk; xd;wpid khw;wp NtnwhU ghlj;jpw;Fj; Njhw;w
vjpu;ghu;j;jpUg;gtu;fSk; ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;L epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpw;F khw;wPlhfr;
nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; fzpg;gPl;Lr; nraw;wpl;lk; vd;gtw;iw epiwNtw;w jkf;F cupj;jhd khfhz
fy;tpj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; gjpT nra;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. gjpT nra;Ak;NghJ jkf;F
toq;fg;gl;l ghlrhiyAld; ,ize;J fzpg;gPL> nraw;wpl;lk; vd;gtw;iw epiwT nra;J
mt;thW epiwNtw;wg;gl;ljhf mjpgu; %yk; toq;fg;gLk; rhd;wpjopy; xU gpujpia khfhzf;
fy;tpj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;Fk; ,d;ndhU gpujpia ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;Fk;
mDg;gp itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. (21 taijg; g+u;j;jp nra;j guPl;rhu;j;jpfs; ,j;NjitapypUe;J
tpLtpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. 21 tajpw;Ff; Fiwe;j ,t;thW gjpT nra;ahj guPl;rhu;j;jpfs; guPl;irf;F
tpz;zg;gpf;Fk; jifikiag; ngwkhl;lhu;fs;.
yq;;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;L nra;jpg; gj;jpupiffspy; ntspahFk;
,
mwptpj;jy; %yk; jdpg;gl;l guPl;rhu;;j;jpfSf;fhf tpz;zg;gq;;fs; NfhUk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy;
mt;thW Njhw;Wtjw;F vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s guPl;rhu;j;jpfs; cupa tpjj;jpy; g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;l
tpz;zg;gq;fis cupa guPl;irf; fl;lzq;fisr; nrYj;jpg; ngw;w gw;Wr; rPl;Lld; ,yq;ifg;
guPl;irj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F nra;jpg; gj;jpupifapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;j Fwpj;j jpdj;Jf;F Kd;du;
gjpTj; jghy; %yk; mDg;gp itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
3. ghlq;fisj; njupT nra;jy;
fy;tp mikr;rpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l ,y 2009/16 2009.05.18 Mk; jpfjp f.ngh.j (c.ju)
ghlkWrPuikg;G gy;fiyf;fof EioTf;fhd ghl kWrPuikg;G Mfpa Rw;W epUgq;fs; (,izg;G
1) vd;gtw;Wf;Nfw;g 2011 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; ,g;guPl;ir eilngWk;.
f.ngh.j (c.ju) Gjpa ghlj;jpl;lk; 2009 Mk; Mz;L juk; 12 ,y; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLtJld;
,g;ghlj; jpl;lj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Kjy; jlitahf f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guP;l;ir 2011
Mk; Mz;by; eilngWk;. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lg;gl;l 2009/16 Rw;W epUgj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;l
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
-1-
Vw;ghLfSf;fika capupay;> ngsjpftpay;> tu;j;jfk;> fiy Mfpa ghl newpfSf;F mike;j
ghlq;fisj; njupT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;irf;fhf gpujhd ghlq;fs; %d;wpDf;Fj; Njhw;WtJld; gy;fiyf;fof
Eioit vjpu;;ghu;f;Fk; khztu;fs; nghJ tpdhj;jhspYk; rpj;jpailajy; Ntz;Lk;.
gy;fiyf;fof Eiotpidf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shtpbDk; ~nghJ Mq;fpyk;| tpdhj;jhSf;F
khztu;fs; jkJ tpUg;gpd; Ngupy; Njhw;w KbAk;.
3.1 f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;irf;fhf mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l ghlq;fs;
midj;J ghl newpfSf;fhfTk; khztu;fs; njupT nra;a Ntz;ba ghl kWrPuikg;G gw;wpa
xg;ge;j ,izg;G I ,y; mlq;Fk; ,y 2009/16 Rw;WepUgj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;irf;fhf mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l ghlq;fSk; ghl ,yf;fq;;fSk; fPNo
jug;gl;Ls;sd. guPl;irf;F tpz;zg;gpf;Fk;NghJ mtw;Wf;Fupa ghl ,yf;fq;fSk; gad;gLj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
ghlk; ghl ,yf;fk;
ngsjpftpay;
01
,urhadtpay;
02
fzpjk;
07
tptrha tpQ;Qhdk;
08
capupay;
09
,ize;j fzpjk;
10
cau; fzpjk;
11
Fbrhu; njhopDl;gtpay;
14
nghwpKiwj; njhopDl;gtpay;
15
kpd;> ,yj;jpud;> jfty; njhopEl;gtpay;
16
czTj; njhopDl;gtpay;
17
tptrhaj; njhopDl;gtpay;
18
capu;tsj; njhopDl;gtpay;
19
jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gtpay;
20
nghUspay;
21
Gtpapay;
22
murpay; tpQ;Qhdk;
23
msitapaYk; tpQ;Qhd KiwAk;
24
,yq;if tuyhW
25
,e;jpa tuyhW
25A
INuhg;gpa tuyhW
25B
etPd cyf tuyhW
25C
kidg; nghUspay;
28
njhlu;ghly; Clff; fw;if
29
tzpfg; Gs;sptpgutpay;
31
tzpff; fy;tp
32
fzf;fPL
33
ngsj;jk;
41
,e;Jrkak;
42
fpwp];jtk;
43
,];yhk;
44
ngsj;j ehfupfk;
45
,e;J ehfupfk;
46
,];yhkpa ehfupfk;
47
fpNuf;f cNuhk ehfupfk;
48
fpwp];jt ehfupfk;
49
rpj;jpuf;fiy
51
ehl;bak; (Njrpa)
52
ehl;bak; (gujk;;)
53
fPioj;Nja rq;fPjk; 54
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
-2-
fu;ehlf rq;fPjk;
Nkiyj;Nja rq;fPjk; ehlfKk; muq;fpaYk; (rpq;fsk;)
ehlfKk; muq;fpaYk; (jkpo;)
ehlfKk; muq;fpaYk; (Mq;fpyk;)
rpq;fsk;
jkpo;
Mq;fpyk;
ghsp
rk;];fpUjk;
muG
kyha;
gpnuQ;R
N[u;kd;
Urpad;
`pe;jp
rPd nkhop
[g;ghdpa nkhop
55
56
57
58
59
71
72
73
74
75
78
79
81
82
83
84
86
87
f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd NkYs;s ghlq;fspy; fy;tp mikr;rpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l
2009/16 Rw;WepUgj;Jf;Nfw;g gpujhd ghlq;fs; %d;wpidj; njupT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. me;j
gpujhd tplaq;fs; jtpu ,g;guPl;irf;Ff; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s ,uz;L ghlq;fSf;Fk; Njhw;Wjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
* nghJr; rhjhuzg; guPl;ir (12)
,yq;ifapy;; gy;fiyf;fofk; xd;wpd; cs;sf khztuhf Eiotjw;F ,g;ghlj;jpy;
jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk; ,optsTg; Gs;spiag; ngWjy; mj;jpahtrpakhFk;. ,j; jifikia xU
re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ngw;wpUe;jhy; gpd;tUk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; gy;fiyf;fof EioTf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;s KbAk;. ,t;tplaj;Jf;fhfg; ngwg;gLk; Gs;spfs; ~Z’ Gs;sp fzpf;fg;gLk;NghJ Nru;j;Jf;
nfhs;sg;gl;lkhl;lhJ.
* nghJ Mq;fpyk; (13)
,g;ghlk; f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;ir njhlu;ghd gpujhd ghlk; md;W. nghJ Mq;fpyj;jpy;
ngwg;gLk; Gs;spNah rpj;jpNah gy;fiyf;fof EioTf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;glkhl;lhJ.
vdpDk; ,e;jg; ghlj;jpy; ngWk; ngWNgW f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;irr; rhd;wpjopy; jdpahff;
Fwpg;gplg;gLk;.
4.
juq;fisj; jPu;khdpj;jy;
xt;nthU ghlj;jpYk; ngwg;gLk;; nkhj;jg;
Gs;spfSf;fika gpd;tUk; juq;fs; jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;
Gs;sp tPr;R juk;
75 - 100
A
-
tpNrl rpj;jp
-
Distinction Pass
65 - 74
56 - 64
B
-
kpfj; jpwikr; rpj;jp
-
Very Good Pass
C
-
jpwikr;
rpj;jp
-
Credit Pass
35 - 49
S
-
rhjhuz rpj;jp -
Ordinary Pass
00 - 34
F
-
rpj;jpapd;ik -
Fail
5.
ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPL
5.1 Nehf;fq;fs;
juk; 12/13 ,y; fy;tp ngWk; khztu;fspd; f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;irapy; mstpl Kbahj
Mw;wy;fs; Nju;r;rpfs; Mfpatw;iw fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiw epfOk; Ntisapy; mstplYk;
,aYik ,ayhik vd;gtw;iw ,dq;fz;L FiwghLfs; cs;s khztu;fs; ,Ug;gpd; gpd;D}
l;ly; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jYk; ,jd; Nehf;fq;fshFk;. ,e;j Ntiy
xOq;fikg;gpd; fPo; tFg;giwapy; fw;Fk; Ntisapy; khztu;fisf; fzpg;gPL nra;tJld;
khztu;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ,uz;L nraw;wpl;lq;fSk; fzpg;gPl;Lf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLk;.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
-3-
5.2 fzpg;gPL epfo;j;jg;gLk; tpjk;
5.2.1 tFg;giwapy; fw;wypy; <LgLk; ghlq;fSf;fhfr; nra;ag;gLk; fzpg;gPL
(m) tFg;giwapy;
fw;Fk;
vy;yhg;
ghlq;fSf;fhfTk;
xU
jtizapy;
%d;W
fzpg;gPl;Lr; re;ju;g;gq;fspD}lhf fzpg;gPl;Lr; nrad;Kiw epfo;j;jg;gLk;. (,jw;fhf
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s gy;NtW fzpg;gPl;L tiffisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
(M) tFg;giwapy; fw;Fk; nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghl;Lld; $ba ghlq;fs; (ngsjpftpay;>
,urhadtpay;> capupay;> tptrha tpQ;Qhdk;> kidg;nghUspay;> rq;fPjk;> eldk;
Nghd;w ghlq;fs;;) njhlu;ghff; Fiwe;jgl;rk; xU jtizapy; xU nra;Kiwf; fzpg;gPL
,lk; ngWtJld; kw;iwa ,U fzpg;gPl;Lr; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; NtW fzpg;gPl;L tiffisg;
gad;gLj;jyhk;.
(,) xU jtizf;F %d;W fzpg;gPl;Lr; re;ju;g;gq;fs; tPjk; juk; 12 ,y; %d;W jtizfSf;Fk;
9 fzpg;gPl;Lr; re;ju;g;gq;fSk; juk; 13 ,y; jtiz I jtiz II ,w;fhf 6 fzpg;gPl;Lr;
re;ju;g;gq;fSkhf ,uz;L tUl fhyj;jpy; 15 fzpg;gPLfs; ,lk; ngWk;.
(<) ,e;j 15 fzpg;gPl;Lr; re;ju;g;gq;fspdJk; ruhrup juk; 13 ,d; ,uz;lhk; jtiz ,Wjpapy;
,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,e;jg; Gs;spfSf;fikaj;
jPu;khdpf;;fg;gLk; Nju;r;rp kl;lk; f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; ngWNgw;W gj;jpuj;jpy; jdpahd
epuypy; gpd;tUk; tpjj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gLk;.
ghlrhiy Nju;;r;rp kl;lk;
kl;lf;fzpg;gPL
9> 10
mjpcau; Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 8
cau; Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 6> 7
jpwik Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
4> 5
mz;kpj;j
1> 2> 3 Nju;r;rp kl;lk; milag;gltpy;iy
5.2.2
Excellent level competency
Higlevel competency
Nju;r;rp kl;lk; Credit level competency
Near competency
Not reached competency level
nraw;wpl;lf; fzpg;gPL
f.ngh.j (c.ju)j;jpy; fy;tp gapYk; vy;yh khztu;fSk; ,uz;L nraw;wpl;lq;fisr;
nra;J Kbj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; xd;W jdpg;gl;l nraw;wpl;lkhFk;. kw;iwaJ FOr;
nraw;wpl;lkhFk;.
5.2.2.1 jdpahs; nraw;wpl;lk;
(m) jdpahs; nraw;wpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F nghUj;jkhd jiyg;G xd;W
njupT nra;ag;gl;L mJ ghlrhiyapd; nraw;wpl;lf; FOtpdhy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
(M) juk; 12 ,y; Kjyhk; ,uz;lhk; jtizfSs; ,r; nraw;wpl;lk; epiwT
nra;ag;gLtJld; tFg;Gg; nghWg;ghrpupau; my;yJ ghlg; nghWg;ghrpupau; ,jw;Fupa
topfhl;liy Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
(,) nraw;wpl;lj;jpy; <LgLtjD}lhf khztu; jkJ Ra Mw;wiy ntspg;gLj;jf;
$bajhapUg;gJld; Neubahfg; gy;NtW epWtdq;fSlDk;> r%fj;JlDk; njhlu;gpidg; NgzTk; gy;NtW jdpegu;fSld; nraw;gLjy; gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ijAk;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;;FjYNk vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
-4-
5.2.2.2 FOr; nraw;wpl;lk;
(m) FOr; nraw;wpl;lj;Jf;fhfg; ghlrhiy khztu; 10 Ngu; mlq;fpa FOf;fs; ghlrhiy
nraw;wpl;lf; FOtpdhy; ngau; Fwpj;J epakpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. (M) ,f; FOf;fs; ghlrhiyapd; tpQ;Qhdk; tu;j;jf fiyj;Jiw
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; mikf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
%d;iwAk;
(,) FOr; nraw;wpl;lj;Jf;fhd nghUj;jkhd jiyg;G FOtpD}lhfr; nraw;wpl;lf;
FOTf;Fr; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;L mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
juk; 12,y; %d;whk; jtiz juk; 13 ,y; Kjyhk; jtiz cs;spl;l fhyg;gFjpapy;
,r; nraw;wpl;l eltbf;iffs;; g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
(c) FO czu;Tld; nraw;gLjy;> gy;NtW epWtdq;fSlDk; jdpegu;fSlDk;
eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;> fs eltbf;iffs; njhlu;gpy; tpsf;fk; ngWtjpy;
re;ju;g;gq;fs; toq;Fjy; ,r; nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; %yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
5.2.3 nraw;wpl;lf; fzpg;gPL
5 epajpfspd; fPo; nraw;wpl;lf; fzpg;gPL nra;ag;gLtJld; nraw;wpl;lj;Jf;fhd
nghWg;ghrpupau; FO xt;nthU epajpfSf;Fk; mika khztu; nraw;gl;Ls;s tpjj;ij
mtjhdpj;J Gs;sp toq;Fjiy Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
,e;j nraw;wpl;lq;fSf;fhf ,Wjpg; Gs;spahf 20 toq;fg;gLtJld; mg;Gs;sp 10 ,w;F
khw;wg;gl;L guPl;irj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F toq;fg;gLk;.
,e;j ,uz;L nraw;wpl;lq;fspdJk; ,Wjpr; ruhrupg; Gs;spf;F mika jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;l
Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 5.2.1 ,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l khjpupf;Nfw;g f.ngh.j (rh.ju) ngWNgw;Wg;
gj;jpuj;jpy; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
-5-
gFjp ˚˚
f. ngh. j. (c. ju)g; guPl;ir 2011 Mk; Mz;bYk; mjd; gpd;dUk;
eilngwTs;s guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;G
tpdhj;jhs; ˚ tpdhj;jhs; ˚˚
njupTfspd; vz;zpf;if
tpilaspf;f Ntz;ba
tpdhf;fspd; vz;zpf;if
Neuk; (kzpj;jpahyk;)
* tpdhtpd; jd;ik
tpdhf;fspd; vz;zpf;if
tpilaspf;f Ntz;ba
tpdhf;fspd; vz;zpf;if
* tpdhtpd; jd;ik
tpdhf;fspd; vz;zpf;if
tpilaspf;f Ntz;ba
tpdhf;fspd; vz;zpf;if
* tpdhtpd; jd;ik
tpdhf;fspd; vz;zpf;if
tpilaspf;f Ntz;ba
tpdhf;fspd; vz;zpf;if
gFjp C
* tpdhtpd; jd;ik
gFjp B
Neuk; (kzpj;jpahyk;)
gFjp A
14' Fbrhu; njhopDl;gtpay;
2
1
5
50
3
3
4
4
4
3
2/3
4
3
2/3
15' nghwpKiwj; njhopDl;gtpay;
2
1
5
50
3
3
4
4
4
3
2/3
4
3
2/3
16' kpd;> ,yj;jpud;> jfty;
njhopEl;gtpay;
2
1
5
50
3
3
4
4
4
3
2/3
4
3
2/3
17' czTj; njhopDl;gtpay;
2
1
5
50
3
3
4
4
4
3
2/3
4
3
2/3
18' tptrhaj; njhopDl;gtpay;
2
1
5
50
3
3
4
4
4
3
2/3
4
3
2/3
19' capu;tsj; njhopDl;gtpay;
2
1
5
50
3
3
4
4
4
3
2/3
4
3
2/3
20' jfty; njhlu;ghly;
njhopDl;gtpay;
2
1
5
50
3
3
4
4
4
6
4/6
ghlq;fSk;
ghl
,yf;fq;
fSk;
* tpdhtpd; jd;ik
1' gy;Nju;T 2' NtW FWtpil tif
3' fl;likg;G
4' gFjpf; fl;likg;G
5' fl;Liu tif
6' nra;Kiw
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
-6-
gFjp III
Kd;Ndhb khjpup tpdhj;jhs;
f.ngh.j. (c.ju)g; guPl;ir rpNu\;l ,ilepiyf; fy;tp ,Wjpapy; elj;jg;gLk; ,Wjpr; rhd;wpjo;g;
guPl;irahFk;. ,g;guPl;irapd; ngWNgWfs; mbg;gilapy; gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;> cau; fy;tp epWtdq;fs;
fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}upfs; Mfpa epWtdq;fSf;F khztu;fisj; njupT nra;jy; eilngWtjhy; ,J xU
njupTg; guPl;irapd; gz;GfisAk; nfhz;ljhf tpsq;FfpwJ.
,jw;fika f.ngh.j. (c.ju)g; guPl;ir tpdhj;jhs;;fisj; jahupf;Fk;NghJ milTg; guPl;irapy;
fhzg;glf; $ba gz;Gfspy; mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLtJld; ,g;ngWNgWfspd; mbg;gilapy;
gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;> cau; fy;tp epWtdq;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;F khztu;fisj; njupT nra;jYk; ,lk;
ngWtjhy; ,it gw;wpAk; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
mjw;Nfw;g khztu;fspd; milT kjpg;gPl;Lf;fhd vOj;Jg; guPl;ir Kiwfspy; Kf;fpa ,lj;ij
fl;;Liutifr; NrhjidfSk; Gwtar; NrhjidfSk; (ghlj;Jld; ,ize;jhf) gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
fl;Liu tifapyhd tpilfspy; guPl;rfu;fspd; jdpahs; ,ay;G nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;JtJld; Gwtar;
Nrhjid tpdhf;fspy; xU rupahd tpil kl;Lk; fhzg;gLtjhy; mJ KOikahfj; jdpahs; mftaj;
jd;ikaw;wjhff; fhzg;gLk;. fl;Liu tif Gwta Nrhjidtif ,uz;bw;Fk; ,ilapy; FW tpil
tpdhf;fs;> mikg;Gf; fl;Liu tpdhf;fs; vd;gtw;wpYk;; jw;NghJ guPl;rfu;fspd;; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ.
mikg;Gf; fl;Liu tpdhf;fSf;F toq;f Ntz;ba tpilfs; tpdhtpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; rpy
tiuaiwapDs; mikAkhW fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,jw;Nfw;g tpilfSf;Fg; Gs;sp toq;Fk;NghJ
guPl;irfSf;fpilapy; Gs;sp toq;fypy; rkepiyj; jd;ikiag; ghJfhf;ff; $bajhf ,Ug;gjhy; Gwtatif
tpdhf;fs;> mikg;G fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; vd;gd guPl;irj; Jiwapy; Kf;fpa ,lj;ijg; ngWfpd;wd.
f. ngh. j. (c.ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhf;fisj; jahupf;Fk;NghJ jtpu;f;f Kbahj re;ju;g;gq;fspy;
kl;LNk fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJld; Gwta tpdhf;fisj; jahupg;gjpy; $ba ftdk;
nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,JNghyNt f.ngh.j. (c.ju)g; guPl;ir tpdhf;fisj; jahupf;Fk;NghJ epidthw;wyhd
mwpit kl;Lkd;wp fpufpj;jy;> gpuNahfk;> gFg;gha;T> njhFg;G Mfpa caupa csj;jpwd;fisAk;
mstplf;$ba tpjj;jpy; tpdhf;fisj; jahupg;gjpy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,J NghyNt f.ngh.j.
(c.ju)g;
guPl;ir tpdhf;fisj; jahupf;Fk;NghJ epidthw;wyhd mwpit kl;Lkd;wp
fpufpj;jy;>
gpuNahfk;> gFg;gha;T> njhFg;G Mfpa cau; csj;jpwd;fisAk; mstplf;$ba tpjj;jpy; tpdhf;fisj;
jahupg;gjpy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,aYkhdtiuapy; nra;KiwAld; njhlu;ghd tpdhf;fisj;
jahupg;gjD}lhf khztu; ahjhapDk; xd;iw tpsf;fkhf mwpe;J nfhs;sy; fw;wy; Nfhl;ghLfis
mJNghd;w NtW re;ju;g;gq;fspy; gad;gLj;Jjy;> gpur;rpid jPu;j;jy;> ju;f;f uPjpahf rpe;jpj;jy;> Gjpa
MNyhridfs;> jpl;lq;fis Kd;itj;jy;> tplaq;fis xg;gPL nra;jy;> nkhopiar; rpwe;j tpjj;jpy;
ifahSjy;> fUj;Jfisj; njspthf ntspg;gLj;jy; Mfpa jpwd;fis mstpLk; tpjj;jpYk; tpdhf;fs;
jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
,g;gFjp III ,y; tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;G Gs;spfs; toq;Fk; tpjk; vd;gtw;Wld; Kd;Ndhb khjpup
tpdhf;fSk; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. vdpDk; ,it khjpup tpdhg;gj;jpuq;fsy;y. vdNt tpdhg;gj;jpuq;fisj;
jahupf;Fk;NghJ tpdhf;fspy; mlq;fpAs;s cggFjpfspd; vz;zpf;if Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba
tpjk; vd;gd tpdhf;fs; jahupg;gjw;F mbg;gilahd ghlg;gFjpfSf;Nfw;gTk; re;ju;g;gq;fSf;fikaTk;
khw;wkila ,lKz;L.
,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Kd;Ndhb khjpup
tpdhf;fs; jtpu Gwtatif tpdhf;fs; fl;Liu
tiftpdhf;fs;; vd;gd guPl;irf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. gf;fk; 8 ,y; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; vy;yh tpdh tiffSk;
NtW tpdh tiffSk; f.ngh.j. (c.ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhg;gj;jpuq;fspy; re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Nfw;g
cs;slf;Fk; cupik guPl;ir Mizahsu; ehafj;Jf;F cz;L.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
-7-
Gwta Nrhjidfs;
(Objective Tests)
njupjy; tif
(Selection Type)
toq;fy; tif
(Supply Type)
,U Nju;T tif
(Alternative Type)
,izf;Fk; tif
(Matching Type)
gy;Nju;T tif
(MCQ Type)
tpdh tif - (Question Type)
g+uzkw;w thf;fpa tif
vjpu;kiwahd tif
- (In Complete Statement Type)
- (Negative Type)
$l;L tif- (Combined Response Type)
rpwe;j tpil tif
- (Best Answer Type)
- (Multiple Response Type)
nghJtpil tif - (Common Response Type)
gpujpaPl;L tif - (Substitution Type)
Nrhbf; $w;W tif - (Double Statement Type)
$w;Wk; fhuzKk; tif - (Assertion & Reason Type)
gy tpil tif
fl;Liu tif Nrhjidfs;
(Essay Tests)
fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs;
(Essay Type Questions)
jpwe;j Jyq;fy; tif
(Open Response Type)
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
mikg;Gf; fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs;
(Structured Essay Type Questions)
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l
cg tpupTfs;
toq;Fk;
nray; %yk;
Jyq;fy; tif
(Controlled Response
Type)
%yk;
jftypD}L
fl;likg;
fl;likg;ghf;fy;
(Structuring by
using subsections)
fl;likg;ghf;fy;
(Structuring
by information
provided)
ghf;fy;
(Structuring by
function)
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
-8-
14 - Fbrhu; njhopDl;gtpay;
tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;G
tpdhj;jhs; I - Neuk; : 2 kzpj;jpahyk;
5 njupTfs; cs;s gytpDs; njupT tpdhf;fs; 50. vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 02 Gs;spfs; tPjk; nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; 100.
tpdhj;jhs; II - Neuk; : 3 kzpj;jpahyk;
,t;tpdhj;jhs; A, B, C vd;Dk; %d;W gFjpfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
gFjp A -mikg;Gf; fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; ehd;F. vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk;
tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 10 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 40
Gs;spfs;
gFjp B -fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; %d;W. ,U tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOj
Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 15 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 30 Gs;spfs;
gFjp C -fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; %d;W. ,U tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOj
Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 15 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 30 Gs;spfs;
tpdhj;jhs; II ,w;fhd nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; = 100
,Wjpg; Gs;spfisf; fzpj;jy; : tpdhj;jhs; I = 100
tpdhj;jhs; II = 100
,Wjpg; Gs;sp = 200
tpdhj;jhs;
fi 2 = 100
˚
ftdpf;f:
Ú
Ú
vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJf.
1.
ehd;F khbfisf; nfhz;l xU fl;llj;jpd; %d;whk; khbapy; cs;s xU tFg;giw rpy ehl;fspy;
kio ePuhy; eide;jpUg;gij khztu;fs; mtjhdpj;jdu;. ,jidg; guprPypj;j khztu;fs; jpwe;j
ntspfspy; fz;zhb ad;dy;fisg; nghUj;Jtij tpje;Jiuj;Js;sdu;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;f;Fk; nrad;Kiwapd;NghJ Kjypy; nra;;a Ntz;ba kpfTk; cfe;j
gbKiwahf ,Uf;fj;jf;fJ
(1) Kd;nkhope;j fz;zhb ad;dy;fspd; tbtikg;Gg; gUk;gbg; glq;fisj; jahupj;jy;
(2) jpwe;j ntspfis %Ltjw;fhd Kiwfis Kd;nkhopjy;
(3) tFg;giw ePupdhy; eidtjw;fhd fhuzq;fisg; guprPypj;jy;
(4) jPu;Tf;fhd tptuf;$w;Wfisj; jahupj;jy;
(5) ePu; GFtijj; jLg;gjw;fhd Kiwfis Kd;nkhopjy;
2.
rupahd my;yJ kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupT nra;f (guPl;irapd;NghJ tpil vOJtjw;Fg;
gy;Nju;T tpilj;jhs; toq;fg;gLk;).
ghlrhiyf; fpwpf;nfw;W ikjhdj;jpy; Gw;fis ntl;Ltjw;F cfe;j xU nghwpia mikf;Fk;
gzp ckJ tFg;gplk; ifaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mikg;Gr; nrad;Kiwapy; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba
fhuzpahf mikahjJ
(1) guhkupg;Gr; nryT
(2) nghwpapd; nkhj;j epiw
(3) ntl;ly; fjp
(4) Gy; ikjhdj;jpw;Fg; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; ePupd; msT
(5) ikjhdj;jpw;F cfe;j Gw;fspd; cauk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
-9-
3'
PVC Foha;fSf;Fk; mtw;wpd; nghUj;jpfSf;FkpilNa ,Uf;f Ntz;ba ,sf;fk; (Tolerance) mit
ed;whf ,WFtjw;F mtrpakhFk;. re;ijapy; cs;s gy;NtW PVC Foha;fspd; mf tpl;lj;ij
msg;gjw;Fg; gpd;tUk; cgfuzq;fspy; ePu; gad;gLj;j Ntz;baJ ahJ?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(4)
4.
,U Rtu;fspd; kPJ itf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU
tisapd;
eLtpy;
$iuapd;
epiw
P
jhf;Ffpd;wJ (cUitg; ghu;f;f). tisapd;
eLg; gFjp jho;tij ,optsthf;Ftjw;F kpfg;
nghUj;jkhd FWf;Fntl;ilj; njupe;njLf;f.
Rtu;
Rtu;
50mm
50mm
^3&
^4&
125mm
60mm
^2&
125mm
75mm
5.
75mm
100mm
50mm
100mm
^1&
^5&
tisT cs;s tPjpfspy; Nkhl;lu; thfdq;fs; tpiuthfr; nry;Yk;NghJ Gus;tjw;fhd epfo;jfT
$Ljyhf cs;sJ. tisT cs;s tPjpfis mikf;fj;jf;f %d;W tpjq;fs; gpd;tUk; cUf;fspy;
cs;sd.
tPj
p
tistpd;
ntspg; gf;fk;
A
tis
P
tistpd;
cs; gf;fk;
tistpd;
cs; gf;fk;
tPjp
B
tistpd;
ntspg; gf;fk;
tistpd;
ntspg; gf;fk;
tPjp
tistpd;
cs; gf;fk;
C
Nkhl;lu; thfdq;fs; Gus;tjw;fhd epfo;jfit ,optsthf;Fk; nghUl;L tPjpfis mikg;gjw;F
kpfTk; cfe;j Kiw/ Kiwfs;
^1& A khj;jpuk;
^2& B khj;jpuk; ^3&C khj;jpuk;
^4& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^5& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 10 -
6.
jputpa ,ay;GfSf;Fk; gpuNahfq;fSf;FkpilNa cs;s njhlu;Gilik gw;wpa rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - ntg;gj;ij cwpQ;rp ntsptpLk; Mw;wy; - mfj; jfd vQ;rpdpd; Fspu;r;rp
B - mlu;j;jp - ePupd; Nkw;gug;G kPJ g+r;rpfs; ,aq;Fjy;
C - neUf;fUe;jfT - ePupay; ahf;F
D - gpRf;Fik - ,U ,aq;Fk; Nkw;gug;GfSf;fpilNa cs;s cuha;it ,optsthf;fy;
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;WfspilNa rupahd nghUj;jkhf;fy;fisf; fhl;Lk; $w;Wfs;
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
7.
gpd;tUk; re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fupa gpujhd ntg;g ,lkhw;Wif Kiwfs; KiwNa fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s
tpiliaj; njupe;njLf;f.
A - kpd;dOj;jpiag; gad;gLj;jpj; Jzpia mOj;Jjy;
B - ghuk;gupa mLg;igg; gad;gLj;jpg; ghizr; RLjy;
C - ,bag;gj;ij mtpj;jy;
^1& flj;jy;> fjpu;g;G> cld;fhTif ^2& flj;jy;> cld;fhTif> fjpu;g;G
^3& cld;fhTif> flj;jy;> fjpu;g;G ^4& fjpu;g;G> flj;jy;> cld;fhTif
^5& fjpu;g;G> cld;fhTif> flj;jy;
8.
tPl;by; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; %d;W kpd;rhjdq;fspd; jpdrupr; rf;jp Efu;r;rpfs; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
rhjdk;
CFL kpd;tpsf;F
mkpo;g;G ntg;gkhf;fp
njhiyf;fhl;rp
(W)
ruhrupg;
gad;ghl;L
Neuk; (hrs)
25
1000
100
14
0.25
5
tYg; ngWkhdk;
rf;jp Efu;r;rp
(kWh)
X
Y
Z
jpdrupr; rf;jp Efu;r;rpj; njhlu;Gilikiar; rupahff; fhl;Lk; tpiliaj; njupe;njLf;f.
^1& X > Y > Z
^4& Y < X < Z 9'
A apdhy; fhl;lg;gLk; xspapay; cgfuzk; vspa xspapay; rhjdq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Kjy;
Q tpypUe;J ntsptplg;gLk; xsp A apw;Ff; FWf;Nf nrd;W jpiu P kPJ xU epkpu;e;j tpk;gj;ij
cz;lhf;Ffpd;wJ. A apdhy; fhl;lg;gLk; rupahd xspapay; cgfuzr; Nru;khdk;
^2& X < Y < Z
^5& X = Y < Z
^3& X > Y > Z
A
Q
(1) 2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
P
(2)
(3) (4) (5)
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 11 -
10.
11.
rtu;f;fhu %yf;;$Wfs; nfhOg;gkpyq;fspd; cg;Gfshyhdit. mjd; xU Kid ePu;ehl;lKs;sjhf
(hydrophilic) ,Uf;Fk; mNjNtis kw;iwa Kid ePu;ntWg;Gs;sJ (hydrophobic)
A - ePu; ehl;lKs;s Kidapdhy; ePu; %yf;$Wfs; ftug;gLfpd;wd.
B - ePu;ntWg;Gs;s Kidapdhy; vz;nza; %yf;$Wfs; ftug;gLfpd;wd.
C - KidT %yf;$Wfs; ePu;ehl;lKs;s Kidf;Ff; ftug;gLfpd;wd.
D - KidT %yf;$Wfs; ePu; ntWg;Gs;s Kidf;Ff; ftug;gLfpd;wd.
rtu;f;fhu %yf;$Wfs; njhlu;ghd NkYs;s $w;WfSs; cz;ikahdit.
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
12.
gpd;tUk; cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwfspy; vjw;F Ez;Zapu;r; nraw;ghL gad;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy?
^1& Nahfl; ^2& itd; cw;gj;jp
^3& I];fpwPk; ^4& tpdhfpup
^5& ghz;
13.
14.
,wg;giu tw;fidw;Wg;gLj;Jk; nrad;Kiwapy; ,aw;if ,wg;gu;r; Nru;itAld; fe;jfj; J}s;
Nru;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpypUe;J vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glhjJ
^1& td;ikiaf; $l;Ljy;
^2& Nja;tjw;Fk; fpoptjw;Fkhd jhf;Fg;gpbg;igf; $l;Ljy;
^3& kPs;jd;ikia tpUj;jp nra;jy;
^4& fdtsitf; $l;Ljy; ^5& ,urhadg; gpizg;ig tpUj;jp nra;jy;
cg;gpl;L kPid cyu;j;jy; kPidg; NgZtjw;fhd rhjhuz nrad;KiwahFk;. mjDld; njhlu;Ggl;l
rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - fwpAg;G fhg;ghd gw;wPupantjpu;f; $l;Lg;nghUshf (Anti-Bactirial additive) ,Uf;Fk; mNj
Ntis czitg; Ngzg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
B - cg;G xU Rit Nkk;gLj;jpahFk;.
C - cyu;j;Jtjd; %yk; rijapypUe;J ePu; mfw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. mjd; %yk; Ez;zq;fp
tsu;r;rp jLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
D - cyu;j;J Kd;ghf cg;ig ,Ltjd;
%yk;
Gspj;j kPd;
(c-k; [hb) Ngzp
jahu;nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;WfspypUe;J rupahd $w;Wfisj; njupe;njLf;f.
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
jputpaq;fspy; tpNrl ,ay;Gfis
Vw;gLj;jg;
gy;NtW gpuNahfq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
gpd;tUk; vt;tpay;G jug;gl;Ls;s gpuNahfj;Jld; nghUe;;Jtjpy;iy?
^1& mupg;Gf;fhd jhf;Fg;gpbg;G - czT milf;fg;gLk; ghj;jpuq;fspy; nts;sPaj;ijg; g+Rjy;
^2& neUf;F Rikfisj; jhq;Fjy; - nfhq;fpwPw;W
^3& td;ik - ntl;ly; fUtpfs; ^4& nehWq;Fkpay;G - thfdj;jpd; RUs; tpy; ^5& kPs;jd;ik - tpw;wuhR
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 12 -
15.
gy;NtW FWf;Fntl;L tbtKs;s Nfhy;fs; ntt;NtW cNyhfq;fspdhy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk;
mNj Ntis tPl;L> ifj;njhopy; gad;ghl;Lf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. gy;NtW FWf;Fntl;L
tbtq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gad;ghLfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - L tbtk; - $iur; rl;lfq;fs;
B - rJu tbtk; - ,Nyrhd cl;gpupg;Gfs; (Internal partition)
C - H tbtk; - Gifapujg; ghijfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;Jk; cUf;Fj; jz;lthsq;fs;
D - tl;l tbtk;- cUf;Fj; jsthlq;fs;
,tw;wpy; rupahdit
^1& A, B, C Mfpad ^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad ^4& B, C, D Mfpad ^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
16.
kpd;tYtpd; %yk;
nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; rhjhuz
kpd;dOj;jpia kpd; ,y;yhNghJ
ntg;gkhf;fg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f
Xu; xOq;fikg;G cUtpy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,t;nthOq;fikg;Gf;Fg;
gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba cfe;j
vupnghUs; ahJ?
kpd;dOj;jp
vupnghUs;
GFj;jg;gLk;
Jis
cUf;Fg; ngl;b
^1& tpwF ^3& ngw;Nwhypy; eidj;j Jzpj; Jz;L
^5& rpul;ilf; fup
^2& kz;nzd;nzapy; eidj;j Jzpj; Jz;L
^4& gugpd; nkOF
17.
cUtpy; fhzg;gLk; cyu;j;jpapy;
mKf;f Cl;ly; cld;fhTifapd;
%yk; ngwg;gLk; ntg;gkhd
tspiag; gad;gLj;jp
kuKe;jpupif> kpsfha;> Vyf;fha;>
nfhWf;fha; Nghd;w czTg;
nghUs;fs; ePufw;wg;gLfpd;wd.
jfd miwapy; vupnghUs;
jfdkilaj;jf;fjhf vupnghUs;
ghAkhW nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
cyu; tsp cyu;j;jpapD}lhfg;
ghAk;. Nkw;Fwpj;j cyu;j;jpf;Fg;
gad;gLj;jj;jf;f kpfTk; cfe;j
vupnghUs; tif
^1& epyf;fupj; J}s;
^2& ckp
^3& Njq;fha; kl;il
^4& tpwFj; Jz;Lfs;
^5& neUf;fpa kuj; J}s;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
nghUs; itf;fg;gLk; jl;L
vupnghUs;
tprpwp
tsp GFjy;
jfd miw
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 13 -
18.
Kjw;Nfhz vwpaj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; jug;gl;Ls;s nghUisj;
jpirA apy; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ mjd; Kfg;Gj; Njhw;wk;> gf;fj; Njhw;wk;> gpd;
Njhw;wk;;> fpilg;glk; Mfpad fhzg;gLk; cUitj; njupe;njLf;f.
A
^1&
^2&
^4&
^3&
^5&
19 khefu rig tl;lr; Rw;Wr; re;jpapd; Rw;wsT topNa rk ,ilj; J}uq;;fspy; MW tpsf;Ff; fk;gq;fis
mikf;f tpUk;Gfpd;wJ. tl;lj;jpd; tpl;lk; 6 m MFk;. ,U mLj;Js;s tpsf;Ff; fk;gq;fSf;fpilNa
cs;s J}uk;
^1& 1 m
^2& 2 m
^3& 3 m
^4& 4 m
^5& 6 m
3 V NeNuhl;l toq;fypd; %yk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;
,yj;jpudpay; Rw;W cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
X, Y Mfpa Kbtplq;fSf;fpilNa cs;s njhLg;ig
mfw;Wk;NghJ
^1& LED1 khj;jpuk; xspUk;. ^2& LED1, LED 2 Mfpa ,uz;Lk; xNu jlitapy;
xspUk;.
^3& LED 2 khj;jpuk; xspUk;.
^4& LED1, LED 2 Mfpatw;wpy; vJTk; xspukhl;lhJ.
^5& LED1, LED 2 Mfpad khwpkhwp xspUk;.
20.
+ 3V
LED 2
21.
A
B
C
^1&
22.
Y
LED 1
C 828
0V
X
xU tq;fpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,yj;jpudpay; rhtp A, B, C vd;Dk; %d;W Mspfspd; %yk;
Msg;gLfpd;wJ. A, B Mfpa ,U Mspfspy; xd;;Wld; Msp C iaj; njhlu;GgLj;Jtjd; %yk;
rhtpiaj; jpwf;fyhk;. Mspfis %Ljy; cau; jUf;f kl;lj;ij tifFwpf;Fnkdpd;> ,q;F
gpuNahfpf;fj;jf;f rupahd jUf;fg; gliyr; Rw;iwj; njupe;njLf;f.
A
B
C
1.2K
^2&
A
B
C
A
C
B
A
C
B
^3&
^4&
^5&
fzpdpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ika Kiwtop myfpd; (Central Processing Unit) gpujhd njhopy;
^1& juTfisAk; jfty;fisAk; cs;sPl;L> tUtpisT> Njf;fr; rhjdq;fSf;fpilNa gupkhWjy;
^2& fzpjr; nra;iffisAk; jUf;fr; nra;iffisAk; nra;jYk; juit epue;jukhfj; Njf;fp
itj;jYk;
^3& Njf;fr; rhjdq;fSf;fpilNa juTfisj; njhlu;ghlYk; MSjYk;
^4& juTfisAk; jfty;fisAk; epue;jukhfj; Njf;fp itj;jYk; MSjYk;
^5& vy;yhj; JizAWg;GfisAk; MSjYk; fzpjr; nra;iffisAk; jUf;fr; nra;iffisAk;
nra;jYk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 14 -
23.
Gtpapd; ePu;f;Nfhsj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; gad;ghl;bw;F cfe;j ePupd; msT tpiuthff; Fiwe;Jnfhz;L
tUfpd;wJ. ,J Gtp kPJ cs;s mq;fpfspYk; jhtuq;fspYk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ePu;
khriljiy ,optsthf;Ftjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f eltbf;iffs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - cf;fhj jpz;kg; nghUs;fis kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lQ; nra;jYk; jpUk;gg; gad;gLj;jYk;
B - ifj;njhopy;fSf;F kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lQ; nra;j ePiug; gad;gLj;jy;
C - Mtpahf;fypd; %yk; jputf; fopTg; nghUs;fisj; jpz;kf; fopTg; nghUs;fshf khw;Wjy; D - mNrjd tskhf;fpia cj;jkkhfg; gad;gLj;jy;
Nkw;Fwpj;j eltbf;iffspy; rupahdit
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad ^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
24.
gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; Kaw;rpahsupd; vjpu;ghu;g;ig kpfr; rupahff; fhl;Lk; $w;W ahJ?
^1& tpahghu tpUj;jp gw;wpa mwpitAk; cau; epjp mD$yq;fisAk; ngWtjw;F eltbf;ifia
Nkw;nfhs;sy;
^2& jilfisAk; ,lu;g;ghLfisAk; ntd;Wnfhz;L Kd;Ndhf;fpr; nry;yy;
^3& nghUs;> Nrit cw;gj;jpapy; Gjpa njhopDl;gtpaiy mjw;F ,irthf mikj;jYk;
gpuNahfpj;jYk; ^4& r%fj; Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F xUtupd; Gj;jhf;ftpay;G cl;glf; fUj;JfSf;F
kjpg;gspj;jy; ^5& gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;jYk; jPu;khdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;sYk;
Kaw;rpahz;ikAld; njhlu;Ggl;l rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - $l;L Kaw;rp tpahghuj;jpd; Kaw;rpahsu;fs; mjd; gq;fhsu;fshtu;.
B - $l;LwTr; rq;fj;jpd; Kaw;rpahsu;fs; mjd; cWg;gpdu;fshtu;.
C - murf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Kaw;rpahsuhf ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp nraw;gLfpd;wJ.
D - xU tiuaWj;j fk;gdpapd; Kaw;rpahsu; mjd; epUthff; FOtpd; cWg;gpduhtu;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;WfspilNa cz;ikahdJ>
^1& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^2& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^3& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^4& B, D Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
25.
26.
ed;whfr; Rlg;gl;l nrq;fy; nrq;fgpy epwj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,e;epwk; cz;lhtjw;F VJthf
,Uf;fj;jf;fJ nrq;fy;iyr; nra;ag; gad;gLk;; fzpkz;zpy; cs;s
^1& epwk; ^2& ,Uk;nghl;irl;L
^3& rpypf;fh
^4& kq;fdPnrhl;irl;L ^5& fy;rpankhl;irl;L
27.
cau; kl;lj;jpy; cs;s (Nke;jiy) ePu;r; Nrkpg;Gj; njhl;b> epyf;fPo; ePu;r; Nrkpg;Gj; njhl;b Nghd;w
ePiu itj;jpUf;Fk; fl;likg;Gfis mikf;Fk;NghJ gad;gLj;Jtjw;F kpfTk; cfe;j nfhq;fpwPw;Wf;
fyit tpfpjk; ahJ?
^1& 1 ( 3 ( 6 ^20& ^2& 1 ( 3 ( 5 ^12& ^3& 1 ( 2 ( 4 ^38&
28.
fl;llj;jpd; cl;Rtu;f; fhiu njhlu;ghd gpioahd $w;iwj; njupe;njLf;f.
^1& fhiu mOj;jkhdjhifahy; fl;llj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jgtu;fs; Vw;gLj;Jk; rpwpa fPwy;fs; Nghd;w CWfs; cz;lhjy; jLf;fg;gLk;.
^2& fl;llj;jpy; kpf ey;y xspj;njwpg;G cz;lhFk;.
^3& fl;llj;jpd; cl;gFjp mofhf ,Uf;Fk;.
^4& <uypg;G cwpQ;rg;gLjYk; ghrp gpbj;jYk; jLf;fg;gLk;.
^5& Rtiuj; Jg;Guthf;fy; vspjhFk;.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
^4& 1 ( 2 ( 4 ^12&
^5&1 ( 1 1 ( 3 ^12&
2
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 15 -
29.
efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurigapd; %yk; 1986 Mk;
Mz;by; ntspaplg;gl;l mwptpj;jypy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l
xOq;Ftpjpfs; ,y. 26(2)> (26)4 Mfpatw;wpd; %yk;
fl;llj;jpd; gpw;gf;f ntspf;Fupa xOq;Ftpjpfs;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd. gpd;tUk; cUtpy; gpw;gf;f ntspahf
mt;nthOq;F tpjpfSf;Nfw;g ,zq;fhzg;gLtJ
^1& x4 ^2&
x2
^3& x3 x2
x1
w2
fl;llk;
w1
w1 > w2
x4
x3
^4& x1 my;yJ x2 ^5& x2 my;yJ x3
30.
flw;fiuf;F mz;ikapy; cs;s Xu; 20 Ngu;r; fhzpapy; Xu; ,Ukhbf; fl;llj;ij mikf;Fk;NghJ
mjw;Fupa xOq;Ftpjpfisf; Fwpg;gpLk; ghuhSkd;wr; rl;lq;fs; ahit?
A - flw;fiuf; fhg;Gr; rl;lk;
B - efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurigr; rl;lk;
C - Rw;whly; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk;
D - cy;yhrg; gazr; rigr; rl;lk;
^1& A, B Mfpad
^2& A, C Mfpad
^3&
B, C Mfpad
^4& B, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
31.
efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurigapd; %yk; 1986 Mk; Mz;by; ntspaplg;gl;l tu;j;jkhdp mwptpj;jypy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;l xOq;Ftpjp ,y. 44(1) ,d; %yk; ,Ukhbf; fl;llj;jpd; cs;Ns ,Uf;Fk; gbfs;
njhlu;ghd xOq;Ftpjp Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;nthOq;Ftpjpapdhy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fs;
,lk;ngWk; tpil ahJ?
A - gbf;fl;by; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba Fiwe;jgl;r mfyk;
B - Fiwe;jgl;rg; gbf;fl;Lj; jiy (Head room)
C - gbfspd; Fiwe;jgl;r vz;zpf;if
D - gbf;fl;L ,opNkilapd; (Landing) Njit
^1& A, B Mfpad
^2& A, C Mfpad
^3& A, D Mfpad
^4& B, C Mfpad
^5& B, D Mfpad
fzpar; rpl;iliaj; (B.O.Q) jahupg;gjw;Ff; fzpaj;ij vLf;Fk; mstPl;L myFfisg; gad;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;. gpd;tUk; $w;WfspilNa rupahd $w;iwj; njupe;njLf;f.
A - 150 mm jbg;Gs;s rPNke;;Jj; Jz;lf;fy; RtUf;fhff; fzpaq;fs; (m2) ,y; vLf;fg;gLk;
B - (225 mm x20 mm) fhf;Fk; gyif (m2) ,y; msf;fg;gLk;.
C - fjT> ad;dy; Mfpatw;wpy; jPe;ij g+Rtjw;fhd fzpak; yPw;wupy; vLf;fg;gLk;
D - tPl;Lj; jsj;jpy; rPNke;J ,Ltjw;fhd fzpak; (m2) ,y; vLf;fg;gLk;
^1&A, B Mfpad ^2& A, C Mfpad ^3& A, D Mfpad ^4& B, C Mfpad ^5& B, D Mfpad
32.
1 : 2 : 4 (20) fyitiaf; nfhz;L kPstYt+l;ba nfhq;fpwPw;Wj; jsj;ij (Slab) mikg;gjw;fhd
fpuaj;ijj; jahupf;Fk;NghJ Njitahd nghUs;fspdJk; ciog;gpdJk; msTfs; fl;ll tPj (BSR)
ml;ltizapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.
A - gapw;rpngw;w njhopyhsupd; ehl; rk;gsk;
B - nghwpfSf;Fk; cgfuzq;fSf;Fkhd nryT
C - rPnke;J> kzy;> fy;> ePu; Mfpatw;Wf;fhd nryT
D - Nke;jiyr; nryTfSf;Fk; ,yhgj;jpw;Fkhf xJf;f Ntz;ba gzk;
Nkw;Fwpj;j nfhq;fpwPw;W cUg;gbf;fhd tPjj;ijj; jahupf;Fk;NghJ gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspy; fUj;jpy;
nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;bait
^1& A, B Mfpad
^2& A, C Mfpad
^3& B, C Mfpad
^4& B, D Mfpad ^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
33.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 16 -
34.
Kidnek;G (Cantilever) kPstYt+l;ba gbfisg; gad;gLj;jp mikf;fg;gLk; gbf;fl;bd; xU gbapd;
FWf;Fntl;Lj; Njhw;wk; gpd;tUk; cUf;fspd; %yk; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;TUf;fspy; kpfTk; cfe;j
kPstYt+l;ly; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l cU ahJ?
^1&
^2&
^3&
^4&
^5&
35.
Gjpa ghlrhiyf; fl;llj;jpd; mikg;Gg; gzpfis Nkw;ghu;it nra;tjw;Fg; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jpr;
rq;fj;jpd; %yk; xU FO epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nfhq;fpwPw;iw ,lj; jahu; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s J}z;
epiuiar; Nrhjpj;J mq;fPfhuj;ijg; ngw;Wj; jUkhW xg;ge;jfhuu; mf;FOtplk; NfhupAs;shu; vdpd;>
gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspy; Nrhjpf;fg;gl Ntz;bait ahit?
A - khw;ngl;bapd; epiyf;Fj;jpay;G
B - kPstYt+l;ly;fSf;Fg; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; %Lif (Cover to reinforcement)
C - khw;ngl;bapd; cr;rpapd; Nkw;gug;Gf; FWf;Fntl;bd; rJutpay;G
D - khw;ngl;bapd; Nkw;gug;G Kbg;G
^1& A, B, C Mfpad ^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
fg+f; kz; cs;s Xu; ,lj;jpy; %d;W khbf; fl;llk; xd;wpd; mbfis mikf;fj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
epyf;fPo; ePu; kl;lk; epy kl;lj;jpypUe;J 3 m fPNo cs;sJ. gpd;tUk; cUf;fspy; mf;fl;llj;jpw;Fg;
gad;gLj;jj;jf;f kpfg; nghUj;jkhd mj;jpthu Kiw ahJ?
37.
38.
300
400
750
300
^1&
^2&
225
225
225
1
750
^3&
^4&
200
225
100
225
225
36.
1
900
^5&
fopTg; nghUs; ntspNaw;wg;gLk; mOf;Fj; njhl;bapd; (Septic tank) nrad;Kiwapy; jahu; nra;ag;gLk;
Cwitf;Fk; fplq;F tl;l tbtj;jpy; jahu;nra;ag;gLtjd; Nehf;fk;
^1& Njhz;Lk; gzp vspjhf ,Uj;jy;
^2& mikf;Fk; gzp vspjhf ,Uj;jy;
^3& cj;jk (Optimal) nfhs;ssitg; ngWjy;
^4& kz;zpdhyhd cijg;gpw;Fj; jhf;Fg;gpbj;jy;
^5& epiyf;Fj;Jg; gf;fq;fspdhy;; cwpQ;rg;gLjy; mjpfupj;jy;
tPl;L ePu;f;Foha;j; njhFjpiaj; jahu;nra;Ak;NghJ (PVC) JizAWg;Gfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
mJ njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; cz;ikahdit ahit?
A - Gwg; Gupfs; cs;s Fspay; \tiug; nghUj;Jtw;Fj; jpUFg;gpb Koq;if tisT
(Faucet elbow) gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
B - gpg; jpUFgpbiag; (Bib tap) nghUj;Jtjw;F thy;Tf; Fij (Valve socket)
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
C - 1 mq;Fy (PVC) Fohahf 32 mm PVC Foha; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.
D - PVC Fohapd; 1000 rJu kPw;wu; vd;gJ mJ jhq;fj;jf;f mKf;fk; 1000 fpNyhg];fhy;
(Kilo - pascal) vd;gjhFk;.
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 17 -
39.
nfhk;Nkhl;L tif ky$lr; rl;biaf; fOtg;gad;gLj;jg;gLk; njhl;bapd; ntl;Lj; Njhw;wk; cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpdw
; J.
A - P MdJ ePu; gha;tij MSk; thy;thFk;.
Q
B - Q MdJ ntsptopf; Fohahff; fUjg;gLk;.
R
C - R ,d; %yk; thy;T P Msg;gLk;.
D - myR njhl;b nraw;gLk;NghJ nfhk;Nkhl;by; cs;s
S ,D}lhf ePu; GFk;.
NkNyAs;s tplaq;fspy; cz;ikahdit
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
P
S
^3& A, C, D Mfpad
40.
tbfhy; ePuf
; ; Foha;fisg; nghUj;Jk;NghJ epjKk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; x
P tif ePug; ; nghwp (Water trap) cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpdw; J.
y
A - ePug; ; nghwpapD}lhf ePu; x ,ypUe;J y apwF
; r; nry;fpdw
; J.
B - ePug; ; nghwpapD}lhf ePu; y ,ypUe;J x ,w;Fr; nry;fpdw
; J.
C - ePuilg;G epjKk; ,Uf;fj;jf;fjhf ePug; ; nghwp mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
D - ,U KidfSk; tspkz;ly mKf;fj;jpwF
; j; jpwe;jpUf;fpdw
; d.
Nkw;Fwpjj
; $w;Wfspy; cz;ikahdit
^1& A, C Mfpad
^2& B, D Mfpad
^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
41.
fopnghUs; Foha;fisg; Gijf;Fk;NghJ cfe;j rha;itj; njupen
; jLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F Kf;fpa
fhuzk;
^1& %l;Lfspy; Vw;gLk; xOf;ifj; jLj;jy;
^2& jpUk;gg; gha;tijj; jLj;jy;
^3& jpz;kg; gFjpfisj; jq;fhky; ePUld; ghar; nra;jy;
^4& jpz;kg; gFjpfis tpiuthf mfw;wy;
^5& gha;r;ry; fjpiaf; $l;Ljy;
42.
tPl;Lj;jsj;jpd; kPJ xU fl;llj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;NghJ mjd; nrk;ikiag; NgZtjw;F kpfTk;
Kf;fpakhdit>
A - 3> 4> 5 Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jpr; nrq;Nfhzq;fisf; Fwpj;jy;
B - xU fpilj; jsj;jpd; kPJ E}iy itj;Jr; nraw;gLjy;
C - ghu;itf; fk;Gfisg; (Sight rails) gad;gLj;jp ikaf; NfhLfisf; Fwpj;jy;
D - %iyfisj; njhLf;Fk; %iytpl;lq;fspd; ePsj;ijr; Nrhjpj;jy;
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad
^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
43.
rq;fpyp msitaPl;by; xU fl;llj;jpd; mikitj; jhdg;gLj;Jtjw;Fg;
Nghjpa vz;zpf;ifapyhd vjpuikg;Gfis vLf;f Ntz;Lk; (cUitg;
ghu;f;f). gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;fpilNa fl;llj;jpd; mikitj; jhdg;gLj;jg;
ngw Ntz;ba mstPLfs;
^1& rq;fpypf; NfhL A B apypUe;J fl;llj;jpd; gpujhd mstPLfSf;fhd
Nehl;lkwp NfhLfSk; fl;llj;jpd; gpujhd mstPLfSk;
^2& rq;fpypf; NfhL A B apypUe;J C apw;Fk; D apw;Fk; vjpuikg;Gfis
vLj;jYk; fl;llj;jpd gpujhd mstPLfSk;
^3& rq;fpypf; NfhL A B apypUe;J C, D, E, FMfpatw;Wf;F vjpuikg;Gfis
vLj;jYk; fl;llj;jpd; gpujhd mstPLfSk;
^4& rq;fpypf; NfhL A B apypUe;J C, D Mfpa Gs;spfisj; njhLf;Fk;
NfhLfspd; %yKk; fl;llj;jpd; gpujhd mstPLfSk;
^5& rq;fpypf; NfhL A B apypUe;J C, D, E, F Mfpa Gs;spfisj;
njhLf;Fk; NfhLfspd; %yKk; fl;llj;jpd; gpujhd mstPLfSk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
A
C
F
fl;llk;
D
E
B
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 18 -
44.
xU
tPjpapy;
cs;s
gf;f
tbfhypd;
Moj;ij
msg;gjw;fhf
ve;jpupapd;
kl;lk;
(Engineer’s Level) gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjk; cUtpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. gPlf; Fwpapy;
A apd; khw;wpa kl;lk; ,ilf; fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J (MSL) 104.935 MFk;. A, B, C Mfpa
jhdq;fspy;
mikf;fg;gLk;
kl;lkhf;F
Nfhypd;
(Levelling staff) thrpg;Gfs; KiwNa
0'62 m" 0'98 m> 1'535 m MFk;. tbfhypd; mbapy; B apd; khw;wpa kl;lk; ahJ?
A
B
^1& 104'02 m
45.
46.
47.
^2&
C
104'38 m
^3& 104'62 m
^4& 105'915 m ^5&
104'315 m
g+Nfhsj; jhdg;gLj;jy; njhFjp (GPS) fhuzkhfj; jw;fhy mstPlL
; g; gzpfspy; cz;ikahd khw;wk;
Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
A - xU Gs;spapy; x, y, z Ms;$Wfspd; nrk;ik xNuastpdjhFk;.
B - njhFjpf;Fk; nra;kjpf;FkpilNa jilaw;w njhlu;G ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
C - njhFjp fpl;lTs;s nra;kjpAld; njhlu;Ggl;L mJ jhdg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s ,lj;ij
,dq;fhz;fpd;wJ.
D - mj;njhFjpapd; %yk; kl;lkhf;F Nfhypd; tfpghfj;ij epiwNtw;wyhk;.
Nkw;$wpa $w;WfspilNa cz;ikahdit
^1& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^2& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^3& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& B, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
mstPLfis vLf;Fk;NghJ rq;fpypapd; ePsk; Fwpj;j mstpYk; ghu;f;fr; rpy nrd;upkPw;wu; Fiwthf
,Ug;gjhff; fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jidj; jpUj;Jtjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;baJ
^1& rq;fpyp ,izg;igj; njhLf;Fk; tpyfpAs;s tisaq;fisf; (Rings) fpl;lf; nfhz;LtUjy;
^2& xU tisaj;ij my;yJ gy tisaq;fis ePf;fy;
^3& tise;Js;s rq;fpyp ,izg;ig tpupj;jy;
^4& xU tisaj;ij my;yJ gy tisaq;fis tpupj;jy;
^5& xt;nthU %l;bYk; cs;s tisaq;fisj; jl;ilahf;fy;
mupkuj;jpdhy; jahu;nra;ag;gl;l xU fjtpy; Gjpjhf vdky; jPe;ijiag; g+rpa gpd;du; jPe;ij
g+rg;gl;l Nkw;gug;gpy; Ez;zpa jOk;Gfs; ,Uf;ff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,jw;Ff; fpl;ba fhuzk;
^1& g+rpa jPe;ijg; gil jbg;Gf; $bajhf ,Uj;jy;
^2& jPe;ij cyUk;NghJ fLk; #upa fjpu;fSf;F cl;gLjy;
^3& jPe;ijiaf; fiug;gjw;Ff; $Ljyhd nkypjhf;fpiag; gpuNahfpj;jy;
^4& juq;Fiwe;j jPe;ijiag; gad;gLj;jy;
^5& jPe;ijiag; g+RKd;ghf Nkw;gug;G eide;jpUj;jy;
48.
nrq;fw;fis mLf;FKd;ghf mbg;gl
P r; Rtu;fSf;F ,ilNa cs;s tPlL
; j; jsj;jpd; fPo; kz;iz epug;g
Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F cfe;j kz;izj; njupe;njLf;Fk;NghJ fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLk; ,ay;Gfs; ahit?
A - kz; ed;whfj; jug;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f (Grading) Ntz;Lk;.
B - fspkz;zpd; msT $Ljyhf ,Uf;Fk; kz;zhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
C - mjD}lhf <uypg;G NkNy nry;tijj; jLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
D - kz; Nrjdg; nghUs;fs; ,y;yhjjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad
^3&A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad ^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 19 -
49.
fl;llj;ij mikf;Fk;NghJ tPl;Lj; js kl;lj;ijr; rupahfj; njupe;njLf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjidj;
njupe;njLg;gjw;Ff; fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLk; fhuzpfshfj; njupe;njLf;fg;gLgit ahit?
A - gpuNjrj;jpd; ngsjpf mk;rq;fSk; kio ePupd; tbfhyikg;Gf; NfhyKk;
B - epyf;fPo; ePu; kl;lKk; mjpy; mt;tg;NghJ Vw;gLk; khw;wKk;
C - kz;zpd; cl;GftpLjfTk; cwpQ;rpf; nfhs;Sk; jw;wpwDk;
D - fhzpiar; Rw;wp cs;s tPLfspd; js kl;lk;
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad
^3&A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
50.
gpd;tUk; mikg;Gg; gFjpfspd; Njitia tpsf;Fk; rupahd $w;Wfs; ahit?
A - tPjpapd; fPo;epyk; ePupWf;fkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
B - gpw;Wkidg; gug;Gtjd; %yk; ePu; xOf;ifj; jLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
C - tPjpapd; gPlKk; cg;gPlKk; ,Wfpa tifj; jpus;fisf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
D - ,Uf;Fk; epyk; tPjpapd; fPo;epykhff; fUjg;gLk;.
^1& A, B, C Mfpad ^2& A, B, D Mfpad
^3&A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
* * *
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 20 -
14 - Fbrhu; njhopDl;gtpay;
tpdhj;jhs; II
Ú gFjp A apy; vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJjy; Ntz;Lk;.
Ú gFjp B kw;Wk; C apy; ,Ue;J xt;nthU gFjpapy; ,Ue;Jk; ,U tpdhf;fs; tPjk; ehd;F
tpdhf;fSf;F khj;jpuk;
tpil vOJf.
gFjp A : fl;Liu tpdhf;fs;
1. gpd;tUk; fw;wy; Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F td; njhopDl;gtpay; tFg;giwf;F Pentium IV
tiff; fzpdpia toq;fj; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
A - fw;wy; gzpfSf;fhfg; gpuNtrpg;gjw;Fk; kpd;dQ;ry; trjpiag; ngWtjw;Fk;
,izaj;Jld; njhLj;jy;
B - juTfisj; Njf;fp itf;Fk; Gwj; Jizf;fUtpfisf; fzpdpAld; njhLj;jy;
C - ,yf;fKiwf; fkuhtpy; cs;s tpk;gq;fisf; fzpdpf;F khw;wy;
D - td; gpujpfis mr;rpLjy;
E - nghwpapay; jfty;fs; ,lk;ngWk; tupg;glq;fis mtjhdpj;jy;
F - nghUs;fspd; tpiyfisAk; njhopyhsu; fl;lzq;fisAk; epfo;epiyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
Vw;ghl;Lld; fl;ll kjpg;gPLfisj; jahupj;jy;
G - khztdpd; my;yJ khztu; FOtpd; nraw;ghLfs; gw;wpa jftiyg; ngWjy;
(a) A, B, C Mfpatw;wpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Njitfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;F ePu; njuptpf;Fk;
njhlu;ghly; Jiw (Communication Port) tiffis KiwNa fhl;Lf.
(b) epiyahd
njhiygd;dp
top
capu;g;ghf
,Uf;Fk;NghJ
mjDld;
njhLf;fg;gl;l
,izaj;jpw;Fg; gpuNtrpf;fj; Njitahd JizAWg;Gfspd; gl;baiyj; jahupf;f. (c) E, F Mfpa Njitfis epiwNtw;wg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f nkd;nghUs;fis KiwNa Fwpg;gpLf.
(d) G apy; Fwpg;gpl;l Njitia epiwNtw;wg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f xU nkd;nghUisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(e) D apd; Njitf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f ,U tifg; nghwpfisr; nraw;ghl;bd; gy;tifikf;Nfw;gf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 21 -
2. jug;gl;Ls;s rkkhd tiujiyg; gad;gLj;jpj; jpir A apy; ghu;j;J mjd; fpilg;glk;> Kfg;G epiyg;glk;>
gf;f epiyg;glk; Mfpatw;iw Kjw; Nfhz vwpaf; Nfhl;ghLfSf;Nfw;g ntWq; ifapdhy; tiuf.
A
(vy;yh mstPLfSk; mm ,yhFk;)
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 22 -
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 23 -
3. ckJ ghlrhiyapd; mikitAk; Rw;whliyAk; gw;wpa jfty;fs; ,lk;ngWk; fpilg;glk; fPNo
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;tpdhtpw;F tpil vOJtjw;F mf;fpilg;glj;jpd; jfty;fisg; nghUj;jkhfg;
gad;gLj;Jf.
tPl;Lj;
jpl;lj;jpw;F
N
100m
6m
ghlrhiy
Nfhtpy;
9m
2m eilghij
B tifg; ghij
ckJ ghlrhiyiar; Rw;wp thfd neupry; ,Ug;gjhff; nfhs;f. me;neupriyg; guprPypj;J thfd Kfhik
Kiwiaj; njuptpf;FkhW Fbrhu; njhopDl;gtpay; khztu; FOtplk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. mf;FOtpd;
jiytuhf ePu; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sPu;. FOtpdhy; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd. (a) Nkhl;lu; thfdj;jpd; %yk; ghlrhiy khztu;fs; ,wq;Ftjw;Fk; VWtjw;Fkhfg; ghijapd;
,U gf;fq;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy; thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;F neupry; cs;sJ.
(b) fhiyapNy Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; mjpf thfd neupry; cs;sJ.
(c) ghjrhupfs; gpujhd tPjpiaf; flg;gjw;Fupa vw;ghL ,y;iy.
(d) thfd neupry; cs;s fhiy Ntisapy; N`hz;fis xypj;jy;.
(e) gp. g. 2 njhlf;fk; 4.30 tiuAs;s Neuj;jpy; thfdq;fs; kpf tpiuthfr; nrYj;jg;gLjy;.
(f) tPjpiag; gad;gLj;Jk; rhujpfs; ghlrhiy ,Ug;gJ gw;wp mwpahjpUj;jy;.
(g) re;jpapy; thfd neupry; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; jhkjk; njhlu;ghf tPl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpy; tjpgtu;fSk;
Kiwg;ghL nra;Js;sdu;.
(i) (a), (c), (d) Mfpa gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;Tfshf ePu; njuptpf;Fk; tPjpr; iriffisg; gpd;tUk;
fpilg;glj;jpy; Fwpf;f.
ghlrhiy
Nfhtpy;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 24 -
^ii& (e), (f), (g) Mfpa gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;Tfshf ePu; njuptpf;Fk; tPjpr; iriffis mwpKfQ;nra;J
mtw;iw mikg;gjw;F cfe;j ,lq;fisg; gpd;tUk; fpilg;glj;jpy; Fwpf;f.
ghlrhiy
Nfhtpy;
^iii& (a), (b) Mfpa gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;Tfshf ePu; njuptpf;Fk; tPjpr; iriffisg; gpd;tUk;
fpilg;glj;jpy; Fwpf;f.
ghlrhiy
Nfhtpy;
^iv& gpur;rpid (d) apw;Fj; jPu;Tfshf ePu; njuptpf;Fk; tPjpr; iriffs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; gpd;tUk;
fpilg;glj;jpy; Fwpf;f.
ghlrhiy
Nfhtpy;
4' xU efug; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s xw;iw khb tPL xd;wpd; gUk;gbg;glk; cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
fl;llj;ij mikg;gjw;fhd mq;fPfhuj;ijg; ngWtjw;fhf cupikahsu; khefu rigf;Fr; rku;gpf;f
Ntz;ba tptukhd fpilg;glj;ijj; jahupf;F Kd;du; tPl;bd; KOf; fpilg;glk; njhlu;ghf ckJ
mtjhdpg;Gfis vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;whu;. ,jw;Nfw;gg; gpd;tUk; tptuq;fis efu mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurigapd;
xOq;FtpjpfSf;Nfw;g cs;sdth vd;gijg; guprPypf;f. mtw;wpd; nghUj;jg;ghl;ilAk; my;yJ
nghUj;jg;ghbd;ikiaAk; mjw;Fupa fhuzq;fisAk; njuptpf;Fk; khw;wq;fSld; vLj;Jiuf;f.
(a) gpw;gf;fk; jpwe;Js;s gFjp - ,y. 1 (b) Fspaiwf;fhd fhw;Nwhl;lk; - ,y. 2
(c) gLf;ifaiwapd; tPl;Lj;jsg; gug;gsT - ,y. 3 (d) vy;iyr; RtUf;F cs;s J}uk; - ,y. 4
(e) (i) mOf;Fj; njhl;bapd; mikT - ,y. 5
(ii) Ntiyahsu; Fspayiw - ,y. 6
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 25 -
7500
3000
tPjpapd; ikaf; NfhL
mYtyfk;
2100 x 3600
tuNtw;giw
rhg;ghl;liw
2400
gpujhd
gLf;ifaiw
3600 x 4500
gLf;ifaiw
Fspf;Fk;
1200 x
2400
miw
2100 x
3600
3600
900
rikayiw
3000 x 3600
mfd;w guy;
tPjp
Ntiyahsu;
Fspayiw
2400
3000
**
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 26 -
gFjp B
5. J}a ePu; kpd;gFg;Gr; nra;ag;gLk;NghJ xl;rprd;> Ijurd; vd;Dk; thAf;fs; fpilf;fpd;wd.
(a) ePu;g;gFg;Gf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Xu; vspa xOq;fikg;gpd; tupg;glj;ij tiue;J> mjd;
gFjpfisg; ngaupLf. mNdhl;ilAk; fNjhl;ilAk; mtw;wpy; tpLtpf;fg;gLk; thAf;fisAk;
rupahff; fhl;Lf.
(b) xl;rprd;> Ijurd; Mfpa thAf;fis NtWNtwhfr; Nrfupf;fj;jf;fjhfg; gupNrhjid xOq;fikg;ig
etPdkakhf;f Ntz;ba tpjj;ijj; njuptpf;f.
(c) Nkw;Fwpj;j mNj Ngiwg; ngWtjw;Fj; J}a ePUf;Fg; gjpyhf cg;Gf; fiuriyg; (NaCl)
gad;gLj;JkhW khztd; xUtd; njuptpj;jhd;. ,k;kpd;gFg;Gr; nraYld; njhlu;Ggl;l
nghwpEl;gj;ijf; fhl;Lf. ,q;F fpilf;Fk; tpisnghUs;fisAk; mtw;wpd; gad;fisAk;
Fwpg;gpLf.
(d) NkNy (c) ,y; Fwpg;gpl;l ,urhad tpisnghUs;fspd; cw;gj;jpia mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd
Mw;wy; ,yq;ifapy; cs;sJ. mt;tpisnghUs;fis tPl;Lf; ifj;njhopy;fspYk; ntspehl;Lr;
re;ijfspYk; %yg;nghUs;fshfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F mjpf tha;g;G cs;sJ. ,sk; Kaw;rpahsu;
xUtu; ,f;ifj;njhopiy mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy; ftdQ; nrYj;Jfpwhnudf; nfhz;L fPNo
jug;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp mjidg; gw;wpr; RUf;fkhf tptupf;f.
(i) ,t;Tw;gj;jpr; nraYf;fhf kpd;gFnghUs;fshfg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f kpfg; nghUj;jkhd %yg;
nghUs;fs;
(ii) ifj;njhopiy Muk;gpg;gjw;Ff; fhuzpfspd; kPJ jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk; kpfg; nghUj;jkhd
,lk;
(iii) ifj;njhopy; nrad;KiwapYk; jpdrup trjpfSf;Fk; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f rf;jp Kjy;
tiffs;
6. xU Ra njhopyhfg; nghwpapd; %yk; nra;ag;gLk; rPNke;Jj; Jz;lf; fw;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F
,sk; Kaw;rpahsu; xUtu; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;whu;.
(a) ,j;njhopiy Muk;gpg;gjw;F mtUf;Fj; Njitahd gpujhd %yg;nghUs;fspd; gl;baiyj;
jahupf;f.
(b) Njitahd msT fhzpj; Jz;L ,Uf;fpd;wnjdf; nfhz;L ,t;Tw;gj;jpr; nraypy; ,lk;ngWk;
gy;NtW nrad;Kiwfisf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L cfe;j jiuj; jpl;lj;;ijj; jahupf;f.
(c) ,r;nraypd;NghJ Rw;whlypy; Vw;gLk; ,U (r%f> Rw;whly;) jhf;fq;fisAk; Ntiyahsu;fspd;
cldyj;jpYk; ghJfhg;gpYk; Vw;gLk; ,U jhf;fq;fisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.
(d) NkNy (c) ,y; ,dq;fz;l jhf;fq;fis ,optsthf;Ftjw;F ePu; njuptpf;Fk; ,U gbKiwfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
(e) cw;gj;jpapy; tpw;gid tpiyia mikf;fj; Njitahapd;> fpuak; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
tptuk;
1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
tpiy
%yg;nghUs;fs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> $yp
nghwpfspd; Nja;khdk;
kpd;rhuk;> epyk;> ePu;> NtW
vjpu;ghu;j;j ,yhgk;
khj cw;gj;jp
&. 20.50 (xU Jz;lf; fy;ypw;F)
2.5%
&. 18>000.00 xU khjj;jpw;F
17.5% nkhj;jr; nryT
4000 myFfs;
xU Jz;lf; fy;ypd; myFf; fpuaj;ijf; fzpf;f.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 27 -
7. #upa rf;jpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpdi
; d cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhf khztd; xUtdhy; njuptpff
; g;gLk;
Gtpepiyahd khjpupAU fPNoAs;s cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpdw
; J. gly; A Gtpiag; gw;wpr; RoYk; mNj
Ntis mjdhy; cwpQr
; g;gLk; #upa rf;jp xU jFe;j miy ,dj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpj; njwpap B apwF
;
mDg;gg;gLfpdw
; J. gutisT tbtj;ijf; nfhz;l njwpap B kPJ gLk; rf;jp miyfs; kpd; gpwg;ghf;fp
C apwF
; j; njwpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
gly;
A
C
B
Gtp
(a) glypd; %yk; cwpQ;rg;glj;jf;f #upa rf;jpapd; ,U tiffisj; njuptpf;f.
(b) rf;jpia cwpQ;Rtjw;Fg; gly; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba ,U ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(c) gy;NtW fl;lq;fspy; eilngWk; rf;jp ,og;Gfis ,optsthf;Ftijj; njhFjpapd; jpwd; (d)
rhu;e;Js;sJ. Nkw;Fwpj;j nrad;Kiwapd; xt;nthU fl;lj;jpYk; eilngWk; rf;jp ,og;igf; fhl;Lf.
khztd; ,e;j Nahridia tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;Fk;NghJ rNfhju khztu;fs; ,e;j Nahridiar;
nraw;gLj;Jk; rhj;jpaf;$W njhlu;ghfj; jkJ re;Njfj;ijj; njuptpj;jdu;. ,r;nraw;wpl;lj;ij
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F khztd; nty;y Ntz;ba rthy;fs; ahit?
gFjp C
8. fl;llj;ij mikf;Fk;NghJ vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; NjitfSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW mjd; gFjpfs;
jpl;lkplg;gLfpd;wd. fl;lltikg;gpYk; gad;gLj;Jk;NghJk; Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;AkhW
fl;llj;Jld; ,g;gFjpfs; Nru;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. gUk;gbg; glq;fspd; %yk; gpd;tUk; gFjpfSf;Fupa
tbtikg;Gf; Nfhl;ghLfis tptupf;f. NkYk; mg;gFjpfs; gpujhd njhFjpfSld; njhLf;fg;gLk;
tpjj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf. (a) xU ad;dYf;F NkNy ,lg;gLk; #upa epow;wp (Sun shade)
(b) nfhk;Nkhl;L tif ky$lr; rl;bia (Man Hole) Ml;gpyj;Jld; njhLf;Fk; fopfhd; Foha;
(Sewer pipe)
(c) S my;yJ P ePu;g; nghwpAld; rikayiwapd; fOT njhl;b njhLf;fg;gLk; fopT ePu;f; Foha;
Fwpg;G: gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghUs;fisAk; cupa mstPLfisAk; rupahf ckJ tupg;glq;fspy;
fhl;l Ntz;Lk;.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 28 -
9' cs;;~uhl;rp epWtfk; xd;W mjd; epahahjpf;fg; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s xU tFg;G C tPjpia tFg;G
B tPjpahf mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wJ. Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;s tPjpapd;
FWf;F ntl;L cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. tPjpr; Rtl;bd; ikaf; NfhL
tz;bg; ghij
mbg;ghij
Xuf;fy;
(a) jw;NghJ cs;s tFg;G C tPjpapy; Vwj;jho 500 m gpuNjrj;jpy; ,ilapilNa ,wf;fq;fs; ,Uf;ff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;epiyikiar; rupg;gLj;Jtjw;F ePu; njuptpf;Fk; eilKiwia tptupf;f.
(b) cUtpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sthW 1(40 tpw;rha;itg; NgZtjw;fhd ,U fhuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(c) tPjpapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; cs;s kio ePiu mfw;Wtjw;Ff; fPo; tbfhy; njhFjpia mikf;f
Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;Fwpj;j tPjpapy; fPo; tbfhy; mikf;fg;gl Ntz;ba rupahd ,lj;ijf; Fwpf;f.
(d) tPjpr; iriff; fk;gq;fis eLtjw;F kpf cfe;j ,lq;fis xU gUk;gbg; glj;jpy; Fwpf;f.
10. mz;ikapy; kPl;fg;gl;l Nrw;W epyj;jpd; xU gFjpiar; Row;wpAs;s vy;iyr; Rtu; cU a,b apy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. cU b apy; mjd; FWf;F ntl;L tptuk; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
gpd;tUk; cUg;gbfSf;Ff; fzpaj; jhs;fisj; jahupf;f.
(a) gpd;tUk; cUg;gbfSf;Ff; fzpaj; jhs;fisj; jahupf;f.
(i) 1 ( 2 ( 4 ^20& nfhq;fpwPw;Wld; fPw;W mj;jpthuk; (ii) rPNke;Jj; Jz;lf;fy; Rtiuj; jhq;Fk; fz;lfy; (cilfy;) Ntiyg;ghL (b) rPNke;Jj; Jz;lf; fy; Rtiu mikg;gjw;fhd epak tptuf;$w;iw vOJf.
(c) xU rJu kPw;wUf;F 12 rPNke;Jj; Jz;lf; fw;fs; Njitnadpd;> ,r;RtUf;Fj; Njitahd
rPNke;Jj; Jz;lf; fw;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fzpf;f (ePu; Nkw;nfhz;l vy;yh vLNfhs;fisAk;
Fwpg;gpLf.)
gliy
(G)
G - (2400 X 2500) mm
16 m
24 m
100 mm
jpl;lk;
cU a
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 29 -
Muy;
rPNke;Jj; Jz;lr; Rtu;
100
450
300
jiu kl;lk;
cilfy; mbg;gPlr; Rtu;
150
nfhq;fpwPw;W
350
600
mj;jpthuj;jpd; tptuzk;
cU b
***
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 30 -
15 - nghwpKiwj; njhopDl;gtpay;
tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;G
tpdhj;jhs; I - Neuk; : 2 kzpj;jpahyk;
5 njupTfs; cs;s gytpDs; njupT tpdhf;fs; 50. vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 02 Gs;spfs; tPjk; nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; 100.
tpdhj;jhs; II - Neuk; : 3 kzpj;jpahyk;
,t;tpdhj;jhs; A, B, C vd;Dk; %d;W gFjpfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
gFjp A -mikg;Gf; fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; ehd;F. vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk;
tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 10 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 40
Gs;spfs;
gFjp B -fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; %d;W. ,U tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOj
Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 15 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 30 Gs;spfs;
gFjp C -fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; %d;W. ,U tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOj
Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 15 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 30 Gs;spfs;
tpdhj;jhs; II ,w;fhd nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; = 100
,Wjpg; Gs;spfisf; fzpj;jy; : tpdhj;jhs; I = 100
tpdhj;jhs; II = 100
,Wjpg; Gs;sp = 200
tpdhj;jhs;
fi 2 = 100
˚
ftdpf;f:
Ú
Ú
vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJf.
1.
ehd;F khbfisf; nfhz;l xU fl;llj;jpd; %d;whk; khbapy; cs;s xU tFg;giw rpy ehl;fspy;
kio ePuhy; eide;jpUg;gij khztu;fs; mtjhdpj;jdu;. ,jidg; guprPypj;j khztu;fs; jpwe;j
ntspfspy; fz;zhb ad;dy;fisg; nghUj;Jtij tpje;Jiuj;Js;sdu;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;f;Fk; nrad;Kiwapd;NghJ Kjypy; nra;;a Ntz;ba kpfTk; cfe;j
gbKiwahf ,Uf;fj;jf;fJ
(1) Kd;nkhope;j fz;zhb ad;dy;fspd; tbtikg;Gg; gUk;gbg; glq;fisj; jahupj;jy;
(2) jpwe;j ntspfis %Ltjw;fhd Kiwfis Kd;nkhopjy;
(3) tFg;giw ePupdhy; eidtjw;fhd fhuzq;fisg; guprPypj;jy;
(4) jPu;Tf;fhd tptuf;$w;Wfisj; jahupj;jy;
(5) ePu; GFtijj; jLg;gjw;fhd Kiwfis Kd;nkhopjy;
2.
rupahd my;yJ kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupT nra;f (guPl;irapd;NghJ tpil vOJtjw;Fg;
gy;Nju;T tpilj;jhs; toq;fg;gLk;).
ghlrhiyf; fpwpf;nfw;W ikjhdj;jpy; Gw;fis ntl;Ltjw;F cfe;j xU nghwpia mikf;Fk;
gzp ckJ tFg;gplk; ifaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mikg;Gr; nrad;Kiwapy; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba
fhuzpahf mikahjJ
(1) guhkupg;Gr; nryT
(2) nghwpapd; nkhj;j epiw
(3) ntl;ly; fjp
(4) Gy; ikjhdj;jpw;Fg; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; ePupd; msT
(5) ikjhdj;jpw;F cfe;j Gw;fspd; cauk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 31 -
PVC Foha;fSf;Fk; mtw;wpd; nghUj;jpfSf;FkpilNa ,Uf;f Ntz;ba ,sf;fk; (Tolerance) mit
ed;whf ,WFtjw;F mtrpakhFk;. re;ijapy; cs;s gy;NtW PVC Foha;fspd; mf tpl;lj;ij
msg;gjw;Fg; gpd;tUk; cgfuzq;fspy; ePu; gad;gLj;j Ntz;baJ ahJ?
3'
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(4)
4.
,U Rtu;fspd; kPJ itf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU
tisapd;
eLtpy;
$iuapd;
epiw
P
jhf;Ffpd;wJ (cUitg; ghu;f;f). tisapd;
eLg; gFjp jho;tij ,optsthf;Ftjw;F kpfg;
nghUj;jkhd FWf;Fntl;ilj; njupe;njLf;f.
Rtu;
Rtu;
50mm
50mm
^3&
^4&
125mm
60mm
^2&
125mm
100mm
75mm
5.
75mm
50mm
100mm
^1&
^5&
tisT cs;s tPjpfspy; Nkhl;lu; thfdq;fs; tpiuthfr; nry;Yk;NghJ Gus;tjw;fhd epfo;jfT
$Ljyhf cs;sJ. tisT cs;s tPjpfis mikf;fj;jf;f %d;W tpjq;fs; gpd;tUk; cUf;fspy;
cs;sd.
tPj
p
tistpd;
ntspg; gf;fk;
A
tis
P
tistpd;
cs; gf;fk;
tistpd;
cs; gf;fk;
tPjp
B
tistpd;
ntspg; gf;fk;
tistpd;
ntspg; gf;fk;
tPjp
tistpd;
cs; gf;fk;
C
Nkhl;lu; thfdq;fs; Gus;tjw;fhd epfo;jfit ,optsthf;Fk; nghUl;L tPjpfis mikg;gjw;F
kpfTk; cfe;j Kiw/ Kiwfs;
^1& A khj;jpuk;
^2& B khj;jpuk; ^3&C khj;jpuk;
^4& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^5& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 32 -
6.
jputpa ,ay;GfSf;Fk; gpuNahfq;fSf;FkpilNa cs;s njhlu;Gilik gw;wpa rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - ntg;gj;ij cwpQ;rp ntsptpLk; Mw;wy; - mfj; jfd vQ;rpdpd; Fspu;r;rp
B - mlu;j;jp - ePupd; Nkw;gug;G kPJ g+r;rpfs; ,aq;Fjy;
C - neUf;fUe;jfT - ePupay; ahf;F
D - gpRf;Fik - ,U ,aq;Fk; Nkw;gug;GfSf;fpilNa cs;s cuha;it ,optsthf;fy;
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;WfspilNa rupahd nghUj;jkhf;fy;fisf; fhl;Lk; $w;Wfs;
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
7.
gpd;tUk; re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fupa gpujhd ntg;g ,lkhw;Wif Kiwfs; KiwNa fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s
tpiliaj; njupe;njLf;f.
A - kpd;dOj;jpiag; gad;gLj;jpj; Jzpia mOj;Jjy;
B - ghuk;gupa mLg;igg; gad;gLj;jpg; ghizr; RLjy;
C - ,bag;gj;ij mtpj;jy;
^1& flj;jy;> fjpu;g;G> cld;fhTif ^2& flj;jy;> cld;fhTif> fjpu;g;G
^3& cld;fhTif> flj;jy;> fjpu;g;G ^4& fjpu;g;G> flj;jy;> cld;fhTif
^5& fjpu;g;G> cld;fhTif> flj;jy;
8.
tPl;by; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; %d;W kpd;rhjdq;fspd; jpdrupr; rf;jp Efu;r;rpfs; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
rhjdk;
CFL kpd;tpsf;F
mkpo;g;G ntg;gkhf;fp
njhiyf;fhl;rp
(W)
ruhrupg;
gad;ghl;L
Neuk; (hrs)
25
1000
100
14
0.25
5
tYg; ngWkhdk;
rf;jp Efu;r;rp
(kWh)
X
Y
Z
jpdrupr; rf;jp Efu;r;rpj; njhlu;Gilikiar; rupahff; fhl;Lk; tpiliaj; njupe;njLf;f.
^1& X > Y > Z
^4& Y < X < Z 9'
A apdhy; fhl;lg;gLk; xspapay; cgfuzk; vspa xspapay; rhjdq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Kjy;
Q tpypUe;J ntsptplg;gLk; xsp A apw;Ff; FWf;Nf nrd;W jpiu P kPJ xU epkpu;e;j tpk;gj;ij
cz;lhf;Ffpd;wJ. A apdhy; fhl;lg;gLk; rupahd xspapay; cgfuzr; Nru;khdk;
^2& X < Y < Z
^5& X = Y < Z
^3& X > Y > Z
A
Q
(1) 2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
P
(2)
(3) (4) (5)
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 33 -
10.
11.
rtu;f;fhu %yf;;$Wfs; nfhOg;gkpyq;fspd; cg;Gfshyhdit. mjd; xU Kid ePu;ehl;lKs;sjhf
(hydrophilic) ,Uf;Fk; mNjNtis kw;iwa Kid ePu;ntWg;Gs;sJ (hydrophobic)
A - ePu; ehl;lKs;s Kidapdhy; ePu; %yf;$Wfs; ftug;gLfpd;wd.
B - ePu;ntWg;Gs;s Kidapdhy; vz;nza; %yf;$Wfs; ftug;gLfpd;wd.
C - KidT %yf;$Wfs; ePu;ehl;lKs;s Kidf;Ff; ftug;gLfpd;wd.
D - KidT %yf;$Wfs; ePu; ntWg;Gs;s Kidf;Ff; ftug;gLfpd;wd.
rtu;f;fhu %yf;$Wfs; njhlu;ghd NkYs;s $w;WfSs; cz;ikahdit.
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
12.
gpd;tUk; cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwfspy; vjw;F Ez;Zapu;r; nraw;ghl;L gad;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy?
^1& Nahfl; ^2& itd; cw;gj;jp
^3& I];fpwPk; ^4& tpdhfpup
^5& ghz;
13.
14.
,wg;giu tw;fidw;Wg;gLj;Jk; nrad;Kiwapy; ,aw;if ,wg;gu;r; Nru;itAld; fe;jfj; J}s;
Nru;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpypUe;J vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glhjJ
^1& td;ikiaf; $l;Ljy;
^2& Nja;tjw;Fk; fpoptjw;Fkhd jhf;Fg;gpbg;igf; $l;Ljy;
^3& kPs;jd;ikia tpUj;jp nra;jy;
^4& fdtsitf; $l;Ljy; ^5& ,urhadg; gpizg;ig tpUj;jp nra;jy;
cg;gpl;L kPid cyu;j;jy; kPidg; NgZtjw;fhd rhjhuz nrad;KiwahFk;. mjDld; njhlu;Ggl;l
rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - fwpAg;G fhg;ghd gw;wPupantjpu;f; $l;Lg;nghUshf (Anti-Bactirial additive) ,Uf;Fk; mNj
Ntis czitg; Ngzg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
B - cg;G xU Rit Nkk;gLj;jpahFk;.
C - cyu;j;Jtjd; %yk; rijapypUe;J ePu; mfw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. mjd; %yk; Ez;zq;fp
tsu;r;rp jLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
D - cyu;j;J Kd;ghf cg;ig ,Ltjd;
%yk;
Gspj;j kPd;
(c-k; [hb) Ngzp
jahu;nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;WfspypUe;J rupahd $w;Wfisj; njupe;njLf;f.
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
jputpaq;fspy; tpNrl ,ay;Gfis
Vw;gLj;jg;
gy;NtW gpuNahfq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
gpd;tUk; vt;tpay;G jug;gl;Ls;s gpuNahfj;Jld; nghUe;;Jtjpy;iy?
^1& mupg;Gf;fhd jhf;Fg;gpbg;G - czT milf;fg;gLk; ghj;jpuq;fspy; nts;sPaj;ijg; g+Rjy;
^2& neUf;F Rikfisj; jhq;Fjy; - nfhq;fpwPw;W
^3& td;ik - ntl;ly; fUtpfs; ^4& nehWq;Fkpay;G - thfdj;jpd; RUs; tpy; ^5& kPs;jd;ik - tpw;wuhR
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 34 -
15.
gy;NtW FWf;Fntl;L tbtKs;s Nfhy;fs; ntt;NtW cNyhfq;fspdhy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk;
mNj Ntis tPl;L> ifj;njhopy; gad;ghl;Lf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. gy;NtW FWf;Fntl;L
tbtq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gad;ghLfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - L tbtk; - $iur; rl;lfq;fs;
B - rJu tbtk; - ,Nyrhd cl;gpupg;Gfs; (Internal partition)
C - H tbtk; - Gifapujg; ghijfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;Jk; cUf;Fj; jz;lthsq;fs;
D - tl;l tbtk;- cUf;Fj; jsthlq;fs;
,tw;wpy; rupahdit
^1& A, B, C Mfpad ^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad ^4& B, C, D Mfpad ^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
16.
kpd;tYtpd; %yk;
nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; rhjhuz
kpd;dOj;jpia kpd; ,y;yhNghJ
ntg;gkhf;fg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f
Xu; xOq;fikg;G cUtpy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,t;nthOq;fikg;Gf;Fg;
gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba cfe;j
vupnghUs; ahJ?
kpd;dOj;jp
vupnghUs;
GFj;jg;gLk;
Jis
cUf;Fg; ngl;b
^1& tpwF ^3& ngw;Nwhypy; eidj;j Jzpj; Jz;L
^5& rpul;ilf; fup
^2& kz;nzz;nzapy; eidj;j Jzpj; Jz;L
^4& gugpd; nkOF
17.
cUtpy; fhzg;gLk; cyu;j;jpapy;
mKf;f Cl;ly; cld;fhTifapd;
%yk; ngwg;gLk; ntg;gkhd
tspiag; gad;gLj;jp
kuKe;jpupif> kpsfha;> Vyf;fha;>
nfhWf;fha; Nghd;w czTg;
nghUs;fs; ePufw;wg;gLfpd;wd.
jfd miwapy; vupnghUs;
jfdkilaj;jf;fjhf vupnghUs;
ghAkhW nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
cyu; tsp cyu;j;jpapD}lhfg;
ghAk;. Nkw;Fwpj;j cyu;j;jpf;Fg;
gad;gLj;jj;jf;f kpfTk; cfe;j
vupnghUs; tif
^1& epyf;fupj; J}s;
^2& ckp
^3& Njq;fha; kl;il
^4& tpwFj; Jz;Lfs;
^5& neUf;fpa kuj; J}s;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
nghUs; itf;fg;gLk; jl;L
vupnghUs;
tprpwp
tsp GFjy;
jfd miw
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 35 -
18.
Kjw;Nfhz vwpaj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; jug;gl;Ls;s nghUisj;
jpirA apy; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ mjd; Kfg;Gj; Njhw;wk;> gf;fj; Njhw;wk;> gpd;
Njhw;wk;;> fpilg;glk; Mfpad fhzg;gLk; cUitj; njupe;njLf;f.
A
^1&
^2&
^4&
^3&
^5&
19 khefu rig tl;lr; Rw;Wr; re;jpapd; Rw;wsT topNa rk ,ilj; J}uq;;fspy; MW tpsf;Ff; fk;gq;fis
mikf;f tpUk;Gfpd;wJ. tl;lj;jpd; tpl;lk; 6 m MFk;. ,U mLj;Js;s tpsf;Ff; fk;gq;fSf;fpilNa
cs;s J}uk;
^1& 1 m
^2& 2 m
^3& 3 m
^4& 4 m
^5& 6 m
3 V NeNuhl;l toq;fypd; %yk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;
,yj;jpudpay; Rw;W cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
X, Y Mfpa Kbtplq;fSf;fpilNa cs;s njhLg;ig
mfw;Wk;NghJ
^1& LED1 khj;jpuk; xspUk;. ^2& LED1, LED 2 Mfpa ,uz;Lk; xNu jlitapy;
xspUk;.
^3& LED 2 khj;jpuk; xspUk;.
^4& LED1, LED 2 Mfpatw;wpy; vJTk; xspukhl;lhJ.
^5& LED1, LED 2 Mfpad khwpkhwp xspUk;.
20.
21.
A
B
C
^1&
22.
1.2K
Y
LED 1
C 828
0V
X
xU tq;fpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,yj;jpudpay; rhtp A, B, C vd;Dk; %d;W Mspfspd; %yk;
Msg;gLfpd;wJ. A, B Mfpa ,U Mspfspy; xd;;Wld; Msp C iaj; njhlu;GgLj;Jtjd; %yk;
rhtpiaj; jpwf;fyhk;. Mspfis %Ljy; cau; jUf;f kl;lj;ij tifFwpf;Fnkdpd;> ,q;F
gpuNahfpf;fj;jf;f rupahd jUf;fg; gliyr; Rw;iwj; njupe;njLf;f.
A
B
C
+ 3V
LED 2
^2&
A
B
C
A
C
B
A
C
B
^3&
^4&
^5&
fzpdpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ika Kiwtop myfpd; (Central Processing Unit) gpujhd njhopy;
^1& juTfisAk; jfty;fisAk; cs;sPl;L> tUtpisT> Njf;ffr; rhjdq;fSf;fpilNa gupkhWjy;
^2& fzpjr; nra;iffisAk; jUf;fr; nra;iffisAk; nra;jYk; juit epue;jukhfj; Njf;fp
itj;jYk;
^3& Njf;fr; rhjdq;fSf;fpilNa juTfisj; njhlu;ghlYk; MSjYk;
^4& juTfisAk; jfty;fisAk; epue;jukhfj; Njf;fp itj;jYk; MSjYk;
^5& vy;yhj; JizAWg;GfisAk; MSjYk; fzpjr; nra;iffisAk; jUf;fr; nra;iffisAk;
nra;jYk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 36 -
23.
Gtpapd; ePu;f;Nfhsj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; gad;ghl;bw;F cfe;j ePupd; msT tpiuthff; Fiwe;Jnfhz;L
tUfpd;wJ. ,J Gtp kPJ cs;s mq;fpfspYk; jhtuq;fspYk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ePu;
khriljiy ,optsthf;Ftjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f eltbf;iffs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - cf;fhj jpz;kg; nghUs;fis kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lQ; nra;jYk; jpUk;gg; gad;gLj;jYk;
B - ifj;njhopy;fSf;F kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lQ; nra;j ePiug; gad;gLj;jy;
C - Mtpahf;fypd; %yk; jputf; fopTg; nghUs;fisj; jpz;kf; fopTg; nghUs;fshf khw;Wjy; D - mNrjd tskhf;fpia cj;jkkhfg; gad;gLj;jy;
Nkw;Fwpj;j eltbf;iffspy; rupahdit
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad ^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
24.
gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; Kaw;rpahsupd; vjpu;ghu;g;ig kpfr; rupahff; fhl;Lk; $w;W ahJ?
^1& tpahghu tpUj;jp gw;wpa mwpitAk; cau; epjp mD$yq;fisAk; ngWtjw;F eltbf;ifia
Nkw;nfhs;sy;
^2& jilfisAk; ,lu;g;ghLfisAk; ntd;Wnfhz;L Kd;Ndhf;fpr; nry;yy;
^3& nghUs;> Nrit cw;gj;jpapy; Gjpa njhopDl;gtpaiy mjw;F ,irthf mikj;jYk;
gpuNahfpj;jYk; ^4& r%fj; Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F xUtupd; Gj;jhf;ftpay;G cl;glf; fUj;JfSf;F
kjpg;gspj;jy; ^5& gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;jYk; jPu;khdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;sYk;
Kaw;rpahz;ikAld; njhlu;Ggl;l rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - $l;L Kaw;rp tpahghuj;jpd; Kaw;rpahsu;fs; mjd; gq;fhsu;fshtu;.
B - $l;LwTr; rq;fj;jpd; Kaw;rpahsu;fs; mjd; cWg;gpdu;fshtu;.
C - murf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Kaw;rpahsuhf ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp nraw;gLfpd;wJ.
D - xU tiuaWj;j fk;gdpapd; Kaw;rpahsu; mjd; epUthff; FOtpd; cWg;gpduhtu;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;WfspilNa cz;ikahdJ>
^1& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^2& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^3& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^4& B, D Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
25.
26.
AUTOCAD nkd;nghUspd; %yk; xU tl;lj;ij tiuag; gad;gLj;j Kbahj juTf; $l;lk;
(1) njhlyp> njhlyp> njhlyp
(2) ikak;> Miu
(3) %d;W Gs;spfs;
(4) ,U Gs;spfs;
(5) njhlyp> njhlypf;Fupa nrt;td;
27.
nghs; (Hollow) cs;s %bAk; mbAk; cs;s xU nghUspd; rkkhd
tupg;glk; fPNo fhzg;gLfpwJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j nghUspd; tpUj;jpiar; rupahff; fhl;Lk; cUitj; njupe;njLf;f.
(1)
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 37 -
28.
xU Row;wpj;jz;bd; tupg;glk; gpd;tUk; cUtpy;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ. A - A ,D}lhf mjd; FWf;Fntl;Lj;
Njhw;wj;ijr; rupahff; fhl;Lk; cUitj; njupe;njLf;f.
A
A
(1)
(2)
(4)
(5)
(3)
29.
Xu; cUtkhf;Fk; nghwpapd; (Shaping Machine)
tupg;glk; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Nkw;Fwpj;j nghwpapy; ntl;Lk; fUtp (Cutting
tool) nry;Yk; J}uj;ijf; $l;l Ntz;bAs;sJ.
,r;nraiyr;
nra;tjw;F
Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;ba cfe;j eltbf;if
cUtkhf;Fk; nghwp
ntl;Lk;
fUtp
Ntiyj;
Jz;L
,izg;G B
nghs;shd
,izg;G A
RoYk;
jl;L
(1) RoYk; jl;bypUe;J Row;wp Mzpf;F
Row;wp
Mzp
Roiyg;
(Crank pin) cs;s J}uj;ijf; $l;Ljy;
Gs;sp
(2) Row;wpj;jz;Lld; njhLf;fg;gLk; jl;bd;
tpl;lj;ijf; $l;Ljy;
(3) ,izg;G B apd; ePsj;ijf; $l;Ljy;
(4) gw;fs; cs;s ,izg;G A apd; Roiyg; Gs;spia NkYk; fPNo nfhz;Lnry;yy;
(5) gw;fs; cs;s ,izg;G A apd; ePsj;ijf; $l;Ljy;
30.
rpy nghwpaikg;Gfspd; tupg;glq;fs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A
B
Row;rpj; jpiria
(1) A, B
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
C
D
90º ,dhy; jpUg;Gtjw;F cfe;j nghwpaikg;Gf; $l;lj;ijj; njupe;njLf;f.
(2) A, D
(3) B, C
(4) A, B, C
(5) A, B, C, D
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 38 -
31. cUtpy; fhzg;gLk; fpau;j; njhFjpapy; N1 MdJ
nrYj;Jk; fpau;r; rpy;yhf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis N2 MdJ
nrYj;jg;gLk; fpau;r; rpy;yhFk;. rpy;Y N1 MdJ 3000
Rw;Wfs;/epkplk; vd;Dk; fjpapy; tyQ;Ropahfr; Rw;Wk; mNj
Ntis N1, N2 , N3 Mfpa gw;rpy;Yfspy; cs;s gw;fspd;
vz;zpf;if KiwNa 40> 25> 60 MFk;. fpau;r; rpy;Y N3
,d; Row;rpf; fjpiaAk; jpiriaAk; njupe;njLf;f.
N1
N2
N3
3000 Ÿ 40
3000 Ÿ 60
^1& epkplj;jpw;F> tyQ;Ropahf
^2&
epkplj;jpw;F> tyQ;Ropahf
60
40
3000 Ÿ 25 Ÿ 40
3000 Ÿ 40
^3& epkplj;jpw;F> ,lQ;Ropahf
^4& epkplj;jpw;F> ,lQ;Ropahf
60
60
3000 Ÿ 60
^5& epkplj;jpw;F> ,lQ;Ropahf
40
32. xU filrw;nghwpapd; ehd;F FwLfisf; (Jaw) nfhz;l xU rf;if njhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy;
cUis tbt Ntiyg; gFjpia kpf EZf;fkhfr; rupahf ,Oj;Jf; fila Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,Of;fg;
gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba kpf cfe;j mstPl;L cgfuzk; ahJ?
(1) Ntzpau; ,Lf;fp
(2) gug;G khdp
(3) Kfg;G khdp (Dial Guage)
(4) Ez;khdp
(5) ntspg;gf;f ,Lf;fp
33.
(3) mYkpdpak; (Al)
ntz;fyf; fyg;GNyhfj;jpy; cs;s %yfk;
(1) ,Uk;G (Fe)
(2) ehfk; (Zn)
(4) nts;sPak; (Sn)
(5) <ak; (Pb)
34.
RtUld; gyifia %l;lg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; %l;L tif
(1) Kjiy tha; %l;L
(2) kb %l;L
(4) Gwhthy; %l;L
(5) fPw;W %l;L
(3) gy; %l;L
35.
gpw;gf;fr; nrYj;Jif cs;s Nkhl;lu; thfdk; xd;wpd; Kw;gf;f tyJ rpy;ypd; cs; tpspk;G kpf
tpiuthfj; Nja;e;jpUg;gijr; rhujp mwpe;Js;shu;. ,g;gpur;rpidf;F VJthf ,Uf;fj;jf;f tplaj;ijj;
njupe;njLf;f.
(1) Njitaw;wthwhf ,Uf;Fk; cl;rha;T
(2) Njitaw;wthwhf ,Uf;Fk; ntspr;rha;T
(3) Njitaw;wthwhf ,Uf;Fk; Neu; tbtk;
(4) Njitaw;wthwhf ,Uf;Fk; kiw tbtk;
(5) jtwhd fhw;rpy;Yf; Nfhzk;
36.
jLg;Gg; gha;kj;jpy; (Brake - Fluid) ,Uf;f Ntz;ba gpujhd gukhdkhf mikahjJ
(1) Fiwe;j neUf;fg;gLjfT
(2) Fiwe;j gpRf;Fik
(3) Eiu vohik
(4) cau; nfhjpepiy (High-Boiling-Point)
(5) ePupd; cau; fiujpwd;
37.
38.
Nkhl;lu; thfdj;jpd; fpsr;rpd; gpujhd tfpghfk;
(1) tYitf; $l;Ljy;
(3) KWf;Fjpwidf; (Torque) $l;Ljy;
(5) ghJfhg;G cgfuzkhfr; nraw;gLjy;
(2)
(4)
Fiwe;j fjpf; fpauhfr; nraw;gLjy;
Row;rpf; fjpia MSjy;
nky;ypa fy;tidRg;gLj;jpa jfl;ilg; gad;gLj;jpj; jputj;ijr; Nrkpj;J itf;fj;jf;f ghj;jpuj;ijj;
jahupf;Fk;NghJ kpf cfe;j Nfhg;GKiw ahJ?
(1) Mzpia ,Wf;Fjy;
(2) jiwjy;
(3) nkd; gw;whRgpbj;jy;
(4) MzpiaAk; RiuiaAk; ,Wf;Fjy;
(5) xl;Ljy;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 39 -
39. thu;g;Gr; nrad;Kiw njhlu;ghd rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - vspa JizAWg;Gfis cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F khj;jpuk; thu;g;G Kiwapay; cfe;jJ.
B - thu;g;G Kiwapy; tpNrl tif kzypd; %yk; mr;R jahupf;fg;gLk;.
C - thu;g;Gr; nrad;Kiwapy; tpNrl ghJfhg;G Kiwapay; mtrpakd;W
D - nghs; (Hollow) cs;s cgfuzq;fisr; nra;tjw;F thu;g;G Kiwapaiyg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
,tw;wpy; rupahdit
^1& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& B, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^2& A, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^5& C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^3& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
40' Xu; MSk; njhFjpapd; mstPl;L myF (Measuring Unit) gw;wpa rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - jpwe;j jlk; MSk; njhFjpf;F mj;jpahtrpakhd cgfuzkhFk;
B - mstPl;L myfpy; Gydpg; (Sensors) gFjpfs; khj;jpuk; ,Uf;Fk;
C - mstPl;L myfpy; khWflj;jy; (Transducing) Kf;fpa nrad;KiwahFk;
D - %ba MSk; njhFjpapy; gpd;D}l;ly; mstPl;L (Feed Back) myfpD}lhfr; nry;fpd;wJ.
,tw;wpy; rupahdit
^1& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& B, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^2& A, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^5& C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^3& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
41' fhtyplhj Kryk; cs;s cUis cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
A - cUisapy; cs;s thAtpd; ntg;gepiy FiwthFk;
B - tspkz;lyj;jpypUe;J cUisf;F ntg;gk; ntspNaWk;
C - cUisapy; ve;jpug;gp mjpfupf;Fk;
cUisapy; thAf; fdtsitf; $l;Ltjw;F Kryk;
kpf nkJthf NkNy nry;Yk;. mr;nrad;Kiw gw;wpa
rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wld;
njhlu;Ggl;l rupahd tpiliaj; njupe;njLf;f..
^1& A khj;jpuk; rupahdJ
^2& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk; rupahdit
^3& A , C Mfpad khj;jpuk; rupahdit
^4& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; rupahdit
^5& A, B, C Mfpa vy;yhk; rupahdit
42' njhopw;rhiyapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; neUf;fpa thA njhlu;ghd rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - kpfg; ngupa Rikfis mirg;gjw;F neUf;fpa thAitg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;
B - njhFjpf;Fs;Ns GFKd;ghf neUf;fpa thAitj; Jg;Guthf;fy; mtrpak;
C - kpd; tpgj;Jfspd;wpj; J}a nraw;ghL neUf;fpa thAj; njhFjpapd; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
D - gk;gp neUf;fpa thAj; njhFjpf;F mj;jpahtrpakhd mq;fkhFk;
,tw;wpy; rupahdit
^1& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^2& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^3& A, D Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^4& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^5& C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 40 -
43' re;jp Y apD}lhfg; gha;kk; gha;jy; gpd;tUk; cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Q MdJ gha;kk; ghAk; tPjj;ijAk; V MdJ fjpiaAk; D MdJ Fohapd; tpl;lj;ijAk; fhl;Lfpd;wd.
tpl;lk; D2
gha;r;ry; Q2
tpl;lk; D1
Ntfk; V1
gha;r;ry Q3
gha;r;ry;V1
Ntfk; Q1
Ntfk; V3
Ntfk; Q3
tpl;lk; D3
gpd;tUk; Nfhitfspy; gha;kk; gha;jy; njhlu;ghd cz;ikahd $w;iwj; njupe;njLf;f.
^1& Q1 < Q2 + Q3 ^4& Q3 = Q2 π
^2& Q1 < 4 = D1 V1
^5& Q3 = π = D32 V32
2
^3& V1 = V2 = V3
4
44' xU gk;gpapd; nraw;ghL gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspdhy; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ.
A - gk;gp gha;kj; njhFjpapy; cs;s rf;jpia cwpQ;Rfpd;wJ
B - gk;gpfs; ikatfw;rpg; gk;gp (Cenrifugal) Neuplg;ngau;r;rpg; gk;gp (Positive Displacement) vdg; ghFgLj;jg;gLk;.
C - fpau;g; gk;gp Neuplg; ngau;r;rp tiff;FupaJ.
D - gk;gp gha;kj; njhFjpf;Fr; rf;jpiar; Nru;f;fpd;wJ.
,tw;wpy; rupahdit
^1& A, B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^2& B, C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^3& A, C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& B, C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
45'
xU $k;G tbtf; FohapD}lhf ePu; A apypUe;J B
apw;Fg; ghAk; tpjk; cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
HA, HB Mfpad KiwNa A apYk; B apYk; cs;s
nkhj;jr; rf;jp vdTk; H MdJ ePu gha;fpd;wikahy;
Vw;gLk; rf;jp ,og;G vdTk; nfhs;f. ,jw;Nfw;gr;
rf;jpfSf;fpilNa cs;s rupahd njhlu;igf;
fhl;Lk; $w;W ahJ?
B
r
jpi
k;
ghA
A
^1&
^2&
^3&
^4&
^5&
HA = HB > HL H A - H B < HL H A - H B = HL H B - H A = HL
H A > HB = HL 2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 41 -
46' Ntiy Kfhikapaypy; (Ergonomics) ftdQ; nrYj;jhik gy tpgj;Jfs; Vw;gLjypy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;wikia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; rpy re;ju;g;gq;fs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - Nkhl;lu; thfdj;jpd; jLg;Gfs; nraw;glhikahy; Vw;gLk; tpgj;jpy; gazpf;Ff;
fLq;fhaq;fs; Vw;gLjy;
B - jLg;Gfs; rLjpahfr; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wikahy; Vw;gLk; rkepiyapd;ik fhuzkhfg;
Ng&e;jpy; mku;e;J nry;Yk; gazpf;F KJnfYk;gpy; Neh Vw;gLjy;
C - Nghjpa kpd;ndhsp ,y;yhjNghJ njhiyf;fhl;rpiag; ghu;g;gjdhy; jiytyp Vw;gLjy;
,tw;wpy; rupahdit
^1& A, B Mfpad
^2& A, C Mfpad
^3& B, C Mfpad
^4& A, B, C Mfpad
^5& Nkw;Fwpj;j vJTkd;W
47' rhjhuz Fkpo; Kidg; Ngidapd; tupg;glk; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mjpNy A apdhy; fhl;lg;gLk;
gFjp Ngidapd; Vida gFjpfspypUe;J NtWgLk; tpjj;jpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
,t;NtWghl;bw;Ff; fhuzk;
^1& Ngidapd; epiwiaf; Fiwj;jy;
^2& mo$l;Ltij vspjhf;fy;
^3& Ngidia vspjhf itj;jpUg;gij vspjhf;fy;
^4& ikf; Fohapd; MAl;fhyj;ijf; $l;Ljy;
^5& Ngidf; Fohapd; typikiaf; $l;Ljy;
A
48. gpd;tUk; $w;WfspilNa tPl;Lf; FspNuw;wy; nrad;KiwAld; nghUe;jhj $w;iwj; njupe;njLf;f.
^1& Fspu;r;rpahd Rw;whlypd; ntg;gk; ntg;gkhd Rw;whlYf;F CLflj;jg;gLk;
^2& FspNuw;wpapDs;Ns cwpQ;rg;gLk; ntg;gj;jpd; msT Gwr; Rw;whlYf;F ntsptplg;gLk;
ntg;gj;jpd; mstpw;Fr; rkk;
^3& nraw;ghl;Lg; gha;kk; jput epiyapy; MtpapDs;Ns GFk; (Evaporator).
^4& neUf;fYf;F Kd;ghfr; nraw;ghl;Lg; gha;kk; thA epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;. ^5& tpupT thy;T fhuzkhfr; nraw;ghl;Lg; gha;kk; jputkhf khWk;.
49' xU nghwpEl;gj;jpd; tupg;glk; cUtpy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. rpy;Y Y MdJ ehd;F Rw;Wr;
RoYk;NghJ rpy;Y X RoYk; Rw;Wfspd;
vz;zpf;if
^1& miu
^2& xd;W
^3& ,uz;L
^4& %d;W
^5& ehd;F
rpy;Y Ò
ω mg;ghy;
Row;wpj;
jz;L
rpy;Y
Y
50' ehY cUisfs; cs;s ehybg;G vQ;rpd; xd;W epkplj;jpw;F 2400 mbg;Gfs; vd;Dk; tPjj;jpy;
Roy;fpd;wJ. xU nrf;fdpy; cz;lhFk; tY mbg;Gfspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?
^1& 80
^2& 600
^3& 1200
^4& 2400
^5& 4800
* * *
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 42 -
15 - nghwpKiwj; njhopDl;gtpay;
tpdhj;jhs; II
Ú gFjp A apy; vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJjy; Ntz;Lk;.
Ú gFjp B kw;Wk; C apy; ,Ue;J xt;nthU gFjpapy; ,Ue;Jk; ,U tpdhf;fs; tPjk; ehd;F
tpdhf;fSf;F khj;jpuk;
tpil vOJf.
gFjp A : fl;Liu tpdhf;fs;
1. gpd;tUk; fw;wy; Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F td; njhopDl;gtpay; tFg;giwf;F Pentium IV
tiff; fzpdpia toq;fj; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
A - fw;wy; gzpfSf;fhfg; gpuNtrpg;gjw;Fk; kpd;dQ;ry; trjpiag; ngWtjw;Fk;
,izaj;Jld; njhLj;jy;
B - juTfisj; Njf;fp itf;Fk; Gwj; Jizf;fUtpfisf; fzpdpAld; njhLj;jy;
C - ,yf;fKiwf; fkuhtpy; cs;s tpk;gq;fisf; fzpdpf;F khw;wy;
D - td; gpujpfis mr;rpLjy;
E - nghwpapay; jfty;fs; ,lk;ngWk; tupg;glq;fis mtjhdpj;jy;
F - nghUs;fspd; tpiyfisAk; njhopyhsu; fl;lzq;fisAk; epfo;epiyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
Vw;ghl;Lld; fl;ll kjpg;gPLfisj; jahupj;jy;
G - khztdpd; my;yJ khztu; FOtpd; nraw;ghLfs; gw;wpa jftiyg; ngWjy;
(a) A, B, C Mfpatw;wpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Njitfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;F ePu; njuptpf;Fk;
njhlu;ghly; Jiw (Communication Port) tiffis KiwNa fhl;Lf.
(b) epiyahd
njhiygd;dp
top
capu;g;ghf
,Uf;Fk;NghJ
mjDld;
njhLf;fg;gl;l
,izaj;jpw;Fg; gpuNtrpf;fj; Njitahd JizAWg;Gfspd; gl;baiyj; jahupf;f. (c) E, F Mfpa Njitfis epiwNtw;wg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f nkd;nghUs;fis KiwNa Fwpg;gpLf.
(d) G apy; Fwpg;gpl;l Njitia epiwNtw;wg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f xU nkd;nghUisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(e) D apd; Njitf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f ,U tifg; nghwpfisr; nraw;ghl;bd; gy;tifikf;Nfw;gf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 43 -
2. jug;gl;Ls;s rkkhd tiujiyg; gad;gLj;jpj; jpir A apy; ghu;j;J mjd; fpilg;glk;> Kfg;G epiyg;glk;>
gf;f epiyg;glk; Mfpatw;iw Kjw; Nfhz vwpaf; Nfhl;ghLfSf;Nfw;g ntWq; ifapdhy; tiuf.
A
(vy;yh mstPLfSk; mm ,yhFk;)
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 44 -
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 45 -
3. cUtpy; jug;gl;Ls;s vspa nghwpg; gFjpapd; 10 myFfis mYkpdpa cNyhfj;jpypUe;J cw;gj;jp
nra;a Ntz;bAs;sJ. njhopyfj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;lhsu; ,t;Ntiyg; gFjpfis kzy; thu;g;G Kiwapdhy;
cw;gj;jp nra;aj; jPu;khdpj;jhu;.
(a) rhjhuz
thu;g;G
cw;gj;jpf;fhf
mYkpdpa
cNyhfj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F mt;TNyhfj;jpd;
vg;ngsjpf ,ay;Gfs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jit?
ø 50 mm CL Jis
m
0m
20
100 mm
150 mm
(b) Nkw;Fwpj;j nghwpg; gFjpia cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhf kzy; thu;g;G Kiwiaj; njupe;njLg;gjw;F
VJthd ,U fhuzpfisf; fhuzq;fSld; vLj;Jiuf;f.
(c) kzy; thu;g;Gr; nrad;Kiwapd;NghJ cw;gj;jpapy; Vw;glj;jf;f %d;W tOf;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(d) ,k;Kiwf;Nfw;g
cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l g+u;j;jpahd tpisnghUspd;
gad;gLj;jj;jf;f ,U nghwpEl;gr; nrad;Kiwfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
juj;ij
Nkk;gLj;jg;
(e) Nkw;Fwpj;j nghwpg; gFjpapy; cs;s Jisapd; ikag; Gs;spia mikf;ifapy; mjd;
nrk;ik cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjj;ij tpsf;Ff. (,jw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; cgfuzq;fisAk;
Fwpg;gpLf.)
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 46 -
4.
Njrpa kpd;tYj; njhFjpapy; toq;fy; ,y;yhj xU fpuhkpa kiyehl;Lg; gpuNjrj;jpNy rpwpa
mstpyhd kpd; tYg; gpwg;ghf;f epiyaj;ij mikg;gjw;fhd jpl;lk; cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
A
B
x
C
y
;tPL
tY epiyak;
(a) cUtpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s A , B, C Mfpa mq;fq;fisg; ngaupl;L mtw;wpd; Njitfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
(b) ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J kpd; cw;gj;jp kpd; gpwg;ghf;fk; tiuAs;s rf;jp khw;wiy xOq;fhff;
Fwpg;gpLf.
(c) kpd; tYg; gpwg;ghf;fj;ij mjpfupf;fr; nra;tjw;F khw;wg;gl Ntz;ba ,U gukhdq;fisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
(d) fhuzq;fs; je;J
x, y vd;Dk; mikTfspy; cs;s rf;jpfis xg;gpLf.
(e) ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; ePu; kl;lj;ij khwpypahfg; Ngzy; (khwh ePNuhl;lj;ijg; Ngzy;) Kf;fpakhFk;.
ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; ePu; kl;lj;ij khwpypahfg; NgZtjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f eltbf;iffisj;
njuptpf;f.
* *
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 47 -
gFjp B
5. J}a ePu; kpd;gFg;Gr; nra;ag;gLk;NghJ xl;rprd;> Ijurd; vd;Dk; thAf;fs; fpilf;fpd;wd.
(a) ePu;g;gFg;Gf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Xu; vspa xOq;fikg;gpd; tupg;glj;ij tiue;J> mjd;
gFjpfisg; ngaupLf. mNdhl;ilAk; fNjhl;ilAk; mtw;wpy; tpLtpf;fg;gLk; thAf;fisAk;
rupahff; fhl;Lf.
(b) xl;rprd;> Ijurd; Mfpa thAf;fis NtWNtwhfr; Nrfupf;fj;jf;fjhfg; gupNrhjid xOq;fikg;ig
etPdkakhf;f Ntz;ba tpjj;ijj; njuptpf;f.
(c) Nkw;Fwpj;j mNj Ngiwg; ngWtjw;Fj; J}a ePUf;Fg; gjpyhf cg;Gf; fiuriyg; (NaCl)
gad;gLj;JkhW khztd; xUtd; njuptpj;jhd;. ,k;kpd;gFg;Gr; nraYld;
njhlu;Ggl;l
nghwpEl;gj;ijf; fhl;Lf. ,q;F fpilf;Fk; tpisnghUs;fisAk; mtw;wpd; gad;fisAk;
Fwpg;gpLf.
(d) NkNy (c) ,y; Fwpg;gpl;l ,urhad tpisnghUs;fspd; cw;gj;jpia mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd
Mw;wy; ,yq;ifapy; cs;sJ. mt;tpisnghUs;fis tPl;Lf; ifj;njhopy;fspYk; ntspehl;Lr;
re;ijfspYk; %yg;nghUs;fshfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F mjpf tha;g;G cs;sJ. ,sk; Kaw;rpahsu;
xUtu; ,f;ifj;njhopiy mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy; ftdQ; nrYj;Jfpwhnudf; nfhz;L fPNo
jug;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp mjidg; gw;wpr; RUf;fkhf tptupf;f.
(i) ,t;Tw;gj;jpr; nraYf;fhf kpd;gFnghUs;fshfg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f kpfg; nghUj;jkhd %yg;
nghUs;fs;
(ii) ifj;njhopiy Muk;gpg;gjw;Ff; fhuzpfspd; kPJ jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk; kpfg; nghUj;jkhd
,lk;
(iii) ifj;njhopy; nrad;KiwapYk; jpdrup trjpfSf;Fk; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f rf;jp Kjy;
tiffs;
6. xU Ra njhopyhfg; nghwpapd; %yk; nra;ag;gLk; rPNke;Jj; Jz;lf; fw;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F
,sk; Kaw;rpahsu; xUtu; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;whu;.
(a) ,j;njhopiy Muk;gpg;gjw;F mtUf;Fj; Njitahd gpujhd %yg;nghUs;fspd; gl;baiyj;
jahupf;f.
(b) Njitahd msT fhzpj; Jz;L ,Uf;fpd;wnjdf; nfhz;L ,t;Tw;gj;jpr; nraypy; ,lk;ngWk;
gy;NtW nrad;Kiwfisf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L cfe;j jiuj; jpl;lj;;ijj; jahupf;f.
(c) ,r;nraypd;NghJ Rw;whlypy; Vw;gLk; ,U (r%f> Rw;whly;) jhf;fq;fisAk; Ntiyahsu;fspd;
cldyj;jpYk; ghJfhg;gpYk; Vw;gLk; ,U jhf;fq;fisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.
(d) NkNy (c) ,y; ,dq;fz;l jhf;fq;fis ,optsthf;Ftjw;F ePu; njuptpf;Fk; ,U gbKiwfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
(e) cw;gj;jpapy; tpw;gid tpiyia mikf;fj; Njitahapd;> fpuak; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
tptuk;
1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
tpiy
%yg;nghUs;fs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> $yp
nghwpfspd; Nja;khdk;
kpd;rhuk;> epyk;> ePu;> NtW
vjpu;ghu;j;j ,yhgk;
khj cw;gj;jp
&. 20.50 (xU Jz;lf; fy;ypw;F)
2.5%
&. 18>000.00 xU khjj;jpw;F
17.5% nkhj;jr; nryT
4000 myFfs;
xU Jz;lf; fy;ypd; myFf; fpuaj;ijf; fzpf;f.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 48 -
7. #upa rf;jpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpdi
; d cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhf khztd; xUtdhy; njuptpff
; g;gLk;
Gtpepiyahd khjpupAU fPNoAs;s cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpdw
; J. gly; A Gtpiag; gw;wpr; RoYk; mNj
Ntis mjdhy; cwpQr
; g;gLk; #upa rf;jp xU jFe;j miy ,dj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpj; njwpap B apwF
;
mDg;gg;gLfpdw
; J. gutisT tbtj;ijf; nfhz;l njwpap B kPJ gLk; rf;jp miyfs; kpd; gpwg;ghf;fp
C apwF
; j; njwpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
gly;
A
C
B
Gtp
(a) glypd; %yk; cwpQ;rg;glj;jf;f #upa rf;jpapd; ,U tiffisj; njuptpf;f.
(b) rf;jpia cwpQ;Rtjw;Fg; gly; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba ,U ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(c) gy;NtW fl;lq;fspy; eilngWk; rf;jp ,og;Gfis ,optsthf;Ftijj; njhFjpapd; jpwd; (d)
rhu;e;Js;sJ. Nkw;Fwpj;j nrad;Kiwapd; xt;nthU fl;lj;jpYk; eilngWk; rf;jp ,og;igf; fhl;Lf.
khztd; ,e;j Nahridia tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;Fk;NghJ rNfhju khztu;fs; ,e;j Nahridiar;
nraw;gLj;Jk; rhj;jpaf;$W njhlu;ghfj; jkJ re;Njfj;ijj; njuptpj;jdu;. ,r;nraw;wpl;lj;ij
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F khztd; nty;y Ntz;ba rthy;fs; ahit?
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 49 -
gFjp C
8.
cUtpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s fg;gpj; njhFjpapy; D2, D3 Mfpa fg;gpfs; xNu mr;Rld; njhLf;fg;gl;;Ls;sd.
mf;fg;gpfspd; mr;rhzpfs; xU epiyf;Fj;J mr;irg; gw;wp miraj;jf;fjhf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis
fg;gp D1 njhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s mr;irg; gw;wp ,aq;fj;jf;fdthFk;.
Rikf; fg;gp
D
Nkhl;lu;f; fg;gp
D4
D
D1
0.75 m
0.5 m
(a) ,t;nthOq;fikg;gpy; fg;gp D1 tyQ;Ropahfr; RoYnkdpd; Rikf; fg;gp vj;jpirapy; RoYk;?
(b) Rikf; fg;gp vjpu;j; jpirapy; Roy Ntz;Lnkdpd;> ,f;fg;gpj; njhFjpia kPstikj;J xU
gUk;gbg; glj;ij tiuf.
(c) D2 , D3 Mfpatw;wpd; myif ,Ltjd; ,U mD$yq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(d) ,f;fg;gpj; njhFjpapd; %yk; tYit CLflj;Jk;NghJ tY ,og;G Vw;gLnkdpd;> mjid
,optsthf;Ftjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f cj;jpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(e) kpd; Nkhl;lupd; thu; jsu;e;jpUg;gjhf mtjhdpf;fg;gLnkdpd;> mjid Ke;jpa epiyikf;Ff;
nfhz;LtUtjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f cj;jpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
9.
'Kjd;ik ,af;fpfshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; mfj; jfd vQ;rpd;fspy; jd;dpaf;f vupgw;wy; vQ;rpd;fspd;
nraw;ghl;Lf;fhfg; ngUk;ghYk; jPry; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. jPry; vQ;rpd;fs; nraw;ghl;Lf;
Nfhl;ghl;bw;;Nfl;g ehybg;G vQ;rpd;fs; vdTk; <ubg;G vQ;rpd;fs; vdTk; ghFgLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,J
xU Fwpj;j E}ypypUe;J gpupj;njLj;j gFjpahFk;.
(a) mjpy; jbj;j vOj;Jfspy; cs;s nrhw;fis tpsf;Ff.
(b) jdp cUisapd; ehybg;G jPry; vQ;rpdpd; FWf;Fntl;ilf; fhl;Lk; gUk;gbg; glj;ij tiue;J
gFjpfisg; ngaupLf.
(c) ngw;Nwhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; mfj; jfd vQ;rpdpd; vupgw;wy; njhlu;ghf ,lk;ngWk; tpNrl
njhFjpia mwpKfQ;nra;f.
(d) mj;njhFjpf;Fupa vQ;rpDld; njhlu;Ggl;;l gpujhd JizAWg;igf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(e) NkNy (d) ,y; Fwpg;gpl;l JizAWg;G jPry; vQ;rpdpd; Njitahf ,uhikf;Fupa fhuzq;fis
vLj;Jiuf;f.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 50 -
10. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s nghUspd; tpUj;jpia tiuf. vy;yhg; gupkhzq;fSk; mm ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
* * *
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 51 -
16 - kpd;> ,yj;jpud;> jfty; njhopEl;gtpay;
tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;G
tpdhj;jhs; I - Neuk; : 2 kzpj;jpahyk;
5 njupTfs; cs;s gytpDs; njupT tpdhf;fs; 50. vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 02 Gs;spfs; tPjk; nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; 100.
tpdhj;jhs; II - Neuk; : 3 kzpj;jpahyk;
,t;tpdhj;jhs; A, B, C vd;Dk; %d;W gFjpfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
gFjp A -mikg;Gf; fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; ehd;F. vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk;
tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 10 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 40
Gs;spfs;
gFjp B -fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; %d;W. ,U tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOj
Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 15 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 30 Gs;spfs;
gFjp C -fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; %d;W. ,U tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOj
Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 15 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 30 Gs;spfs;
tpdhj;jhs; II ,w;fhd nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; = 100
,Wjpg; Gs;spfisf; fzpj;jy; : tpdhj;jhs; I = 100
tpdhj;jhs; II = 100
,Wjpg; Gs;sp = 200
tpdhj;jhs;
fi 2 = 100
˚
ftdpf;f:
Ú
Ú
vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJf.
1.
ehd;F khbfisf; nfhz;l xU fl;llj;jpd; %d;whk; khbapy; cs;s xU tFg;giw rpy ehl;fspy;
kio ePuhy; eide;jpUg;gij khztu;fs; mtjhdpj;jdu;. ,jidg; guprPypj;j khztu;fs; jpwe;j
ntspfspy; fz;zhb ad;dy;fisg; nghUj;Jtij tpje;Jiuj;Js;sdu;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;f;Fk; nrad;Kiwapd;NghJ Kjypy; nra;;a Ntz;ba kpfTk; cfe;j
gbKiwahf ,Uf;fj;jf;fJ
(1) Kd;nkhope;j fz;zhb ad;dy;fspd; tbtikg;Gg; gUk;gbg; glq;fisj; jahupj;jy;
(2) jpwe;j ntspfis %Ltjw;fhd Kiwfis Kd;nkhopjy;
(3) tFg;giw ePupdhy; eidtjw;fhd fhuzq;fisg; guprPypj;jy;
(4) jPu;Tf;fhd tptuf;$w;Wfisj; jahupj;jy;
(5) ePu; GFtijj; jLg;gjw;fhd Kiwfis Kd;nkhopjy;
2.
rupahd my;yJ kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupT nra;f (guPl;irapd;NghJ tpil vOJtjw;Fg;
gy;Nju;T tpilj;jhs; toq;fg;gLk;).
ghlrhiyf; fpwpf;nfw;W ikjhdj;jpy; Gw;fis ntl;Ltjw;F cfe;j xU nghwpia mikf;Fk;
gzp ckJ tFg;gplk; ifaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mikg;Gr; nrad;Kiwapy; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba
fhuzpahf mikahjJ
(1) guhkupg;Gr; nryT
(2) nghwpapd; nkhj;j epiw
(3) ntl;ly; fjp
(4) Gy; ikjhdj;jpw;Fg; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; ePupd; msT
(5) ikjhdj;jpw;F cfe;j Gw;fspd; cauk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 52 -
3'
PVC Foha;fSf;Fk; mtw;wpd; nghUj;jpfSf;FkpilNa ,Uf;f Ntz;ba ,sf;fk; (Tolerance) mit
ed;whf ,WFtjw;F mtrpakhFk;. re;ijapy; cs;s gy;NtW PVC Foha;fspd; mf tpl;lj;ij
msg;gjw;Fg; gpd;tUk; cgfuzq;fspy; ePu; gad;gLj;j Ntz;baJ ahJ?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(4)
4.
,U Rtu;fspd; kPJ itf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU
tisapd;
eLtpy;
$iuapd;
epiw
P
jhf;Ffpd;wJ (cUitg; ghu;f;f). tisapd;
eLg; gFjp jho;tij ,optsthf;Ftjw;F kpfg;
nghUj;jkhd FWf;Fntl;ilj; njupe;njLf;f.
Rtu;
Rtu;
50mm
50mm
^3&
^4&
125mm
60mm
^2&
125mm
75mm
5.
75mm
100mm
50mm
100mm
^1&
^5&
tisT cs;s tPjpfspy; Nkhl;lu; thfdq;fs; tpiuthfr; nry;Yk;NghJ Gus;tjw;fhd epfo;jfT
$Ljyhf cs;sJ. tisT cs;s tPjpfis mikf;fj;jf;f %d;W tpjq;fs; gpd;tUk; cUf;fspy;
cs;sd.
tPj
p
tistpd;
ntspg; gf;fk;
A
tis
P
tistpd;
cs; gf;fk;
tistpd;
cs; gf;fk;
tPjp
B
tistpd;
ntspg; gf;fk;
tistpd;
ntspg; gf;fk;
tPjp
tistpd;
cs; gf;fk;
C
Nkhl;lu; thfdq;fs; Gus;tjw;fhd epfo;jfit ,optsthf;Fk; nghUl;L tPjpfis mikg;gjw;F
kpfTk; cfe;j Kiw/ Kiwfs;
^1& A khj;jpuk;
^2& B khj;jpuk; ^3&C khj;jpuk;
^4& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^5& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 53 -
6.
jputpa ,ay;GfSf;Fk; gpuNahfq;fSf;FkpilNa cs;s njhlu;Gilik gw;wpa rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - ntg;gj;ij cwpQ;rp ntsptpLk; Mw;wy; - mfj; jfd vQ;rpdpd; Fspu;r;rp
B - mlu;j;jp - ePupd; Nkw;gug;G kPJ g+r;rpfs; ,aq;Fjy;
C - neUf;fUe;jfT - ePupay; ahf;F
D - gpRf;Fik - ,U ,aq;Fk; Nkw;gug;GfSf;fpilNa cs;s cuha;it ,optsthf;fy;
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;WfspilNa rupahd nghUj;jkhf;fy;fisf; fhl;Lk; $w;Wfs;
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
7.
gpd;tUk; re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fupa gpujhd ntg;g ,lkhw;Wif Kiwfs; KiwNa fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s
tpiliaj; njupe;njLf;f.
A - kpd;dOj;jpiag; gad;gLj;jpj; Jzpia mOj;Jjy;
B - ghuk;gupa mLg;igg; gad;gLj;jpg; ghizr; RLjy;
C - ,bag;gj;ij mtpj;jy;
^1& flj;jy;> fjpu;g;G> cld;fhTif ^2& flj;jy;> cld;fhTif> fjpu;g;G
^3& cld;fhTif> flj;jy;> fjpu;g;G ^4& fjpu;g;G> flj;jy;> cld;fhTif
^5& fjpu;g;G> cld;fhTif> flj;jy;
8.
tPl;by; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; %d;W kpd;rhjdq;fspd; jpdrupr; rf;jp Efu;r;rpfs; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
rhjdk;
CFL kpd;tpsf;F
mkpo;g;G ntg;gkhf;fp
njhiyf;fhl;rp
(W)
ruhrupg;
gad;ghl;L
Neuk; (hrs)
25
1000
100
14
0.25
5
tYg; ngWkhdk;
rf;jp Efu;r;rp
(kWh)
X
Y
Z
jpdrupr; rf;jp Efu;r;rpj; njhlu;Gilikiar; rupahff; fhl;Lk; tpiliaj; njupe;njLf;f.
^1& X > Y > Z
^4& Y < X < Z 9'
A apdhy; fhl;lg;gLk; xspapay; cgfuzk; vspa xspapay; rhjdq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Kjy;
Q tpypUe;J ntsptplg;gLk; xsp A apw;Ff; FWf;Nf nrd;W jpiu P kPJ xU epkpu;e;j tpk;gj;ij
cz;lhf;Ffpd;wJ. A apdhy; fhl;lg;gLk; rupahd xspapay; cgfuzr; Nru;khdk;
^2& X < Y < Z
^5& X = Y < Z
^3& X > Y > Z
A
Q
(1) 2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
P
(2)
(3) (4) (5)
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 54 -
10.
11.
rtu;f;fhu %yf;;$Wfs; nfhOg;gkpyq;fspd; cg;Gfshyhdit. mjd; xU Kid ePu;ehl;lKs;sjhf
(hydrophilic) ,Uf;Fk; mNjNtis kw;iwa Kid ePu;ntWg;Gs;sJ (hydrophobic)
A - ePu; ehl;lKs;s Kidapdhy; ePu; %yf;$Wfs; ftug;gLfpd;wd.
B - ePu;ntWg;Gs;s Kidapdhy; vz;nza; %yf;$Wfs; ftug;gLfpd;wd.
C - KidT %yf;$Wfs; ePu;ehl;lKs;s Kidf;Ff; ftug;gLfpd;wd.
D - KidT %yf;$Wfs; ePu; ntWg;Gs;s Kidf;Ff; ftug;gLfpd;wd.
rtu;f;fhu %yf;$Wfs; njhlu;ghd NkYs;s $w;WfSs; cz;ikahdit.
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
12.
gpd;tUk; cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwfspy; vjw;F Ez;Zapu;r; nraw;ghl;L gad;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy?
^1& Nahfl; ^2& itd; cw;gj;jp
^3& I];fpwPk; ^4& tpdhfpup
^5& ghz;
13.
14.
,wg;giu tw;fidw;Wg;gLj;Jk; nrad;Kiwapy; ,aw;if ,wg;gu;r; Nru;itAld; fe;jfj; J}s;
Nru;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpypUe;J vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glhjJ
^1& td;ikiaf; $l;Ljy;
^2& Nja;tjw;Fk; fpoptjw;Fkhd jhf;Fg;gpbg;igf; $l;Ljy;
^3& kPs;jd;ikia tpUj;jp nra;jy;
^4& fdtsitf; $l;Ljy; ^5& ,urhadg; gpizg;ig tpUj;jp nra;jy;
cg;gpl;L kPid cyu;j;jy; kPidg; NgZtjw;fhd rhjhuz nrad;KiwahFk;. mjDld; njhlu;Ggl;l
rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - fwpAg;G fhg;ghd gw;wPupantjpu;f; $l;Lg;nghUshf (Anti-Bactirial additive) ,Uf;Fk; mNj
Ntis czitg; Ngzg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
B - cg;G xU Rit Nkk;gLj;jpahFk;.
C - cyu;j;Jtjd; %yk; rijapypUe;J ePu; mfw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. mjd; %yk; Ez;zq;fp
tsu;r;rp jLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
D - cyu;j;J Kd;ghf cg;ig ,Ltjd;
%yk;
Gspj;j kPd;
(c-k; [hb) Ngzp
jahu;nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;WfspypUe;J rupahd $w;Wfisj; njupe;njLf;f.
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
jputpaq;fspy; tpNrl ,ay;Gfis
Vw;gLj;jg;
gy;NtW gpuNahfq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
gpd;tUk; vt;tpay;G jug;gl;Ls;s gpuNahfj;Jld; nghUe;;Jtjpy;iy?
^1& mupg;Gf;fhd jhf;Fg;gpbg;G - czT milf;fg;gLk; ghj;jpuq;fspy; nts;sPaj;ijg; g+Rjy;
^2& neUf;F Rikfisj; jhq;Fjy; - nfhq;fpwPw;W
^3& td;ik - ntl;ly; fUtpfs; ^4& nehWq;Fkpay;G - thfdj;jpd; RUs; tpy; ^5& kPs;jd;ik - tpw;wuhR
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 55 -
15.
gy;NtW FWf;Fntl;L tbtKs;s Nfhy;fs; ntt;NtW cNyhfq;fspdhy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk;
mNj Ntis tPl;L> ifj;njhopy; gad;ghl;Lf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. gy;NtW FWf;Fntl;L
tbtq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gad;ghLfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - L tbtk; - $iur; rl;lfq;fs;
B - rJu tbtk; - ,Nyrhd cl;gpupg;Gfs; (Internal partition)
C - H tbtk; - Gifapujg; ghijfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;Jk; cUf;Fj; jz;lthsq;fs;
D - tl;l tbtk;- cUf;Fj; jsthlq;fs;
,tw;wpy; rupahdit
^1& A, B, C Mfpad ^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad ^4& B, C, D Mfpad ^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
16.
kpd;tYtpd; %yk;
nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; rhjhuz
kpd;dOj;jpia kpd; ,y;yhNghJ
ntg;gkhf;fg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f
Xu; xOq;fikg;G cUtpy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,t;nthOq;fikg;Gf;Fg;
gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba cfe;j
vupnghUs; ahJ?
kpd;dOj;jp
vupnghUs;
GFj;jg;gLk;
Jis
cUf;Fg; ngl;b
^1& tpwF ^3& ngw;Nwhypy; eidj;j Jzpj; Jz;L
^5& rpul;ilf; fup
^2& kz;nzz;nzapy; eidj;j Jzpj; Jz;L
^4& gugpd; nkOF
17.
cUtpy; fhzg;gLk; cyu;j;jpapy;
mKf;f Cl;ly; cld;fhTifapd;
%yk; ngwg;gLk; ntg;gkhd
tspiag; gad;gLj;jp
kuKe;jpupif> kpsfha;> Vyf;fha;>
nfhWf;fha; Nghd;w czTg;
nghUs;fs; ePufw;wg;gLfpd;wd.
jfd miwapy; vupnghUs;
jfdkilaj;jf;fjhf vupnghUs;
ghAkhW nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
cyu; tsp cyu;j;jpapD}lhfg;
ghAk;. Nkw;Fwpj;j cyu;j;jpf;Fg;
gad;gLj;jj;jf;f kpfTk; cfe;j
vupnghUs; tif
^1& epyf;fupj; J}s;
^2& ckp
^3& Njq;fha; kl;il
^4& tpwFj; Jz;Lfs;
^5& neUf;fpa kuj; J}s;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
nghUs; itf;fg;gLk; jl;L
vupnghUs;
tprpwp
tsp GFjy;
jfd miw
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 56 -
18.
Kjw;Nfhz vwpaj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; jug;gl;Ls;s nghUisj;
jpirA apy; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ mjd; Kfg;Gj; Njhw;wk;> gf;fj; Njhw;wk;> gpd;
Njhw;wk;;> fpilg;glk; Mfpad fhzg;gLk; cUitj; njupe;njLf;f.
A
^1&
^2&
^4&
^3&
^5&
19 khefu rig tl;lr; Rw;Wr; re;jpapd; Rw;wsT topNa rk ,ilj; J}uq;;fspy; MW tpsf;Ff; fk;gq;fis
mikf;f tpUk;Gfpd;wJ. tl;lj;jpd; tpl;lk; 6 m MFk;. ,U mLj;Js;s tpsf;Ff; fk;gq;fSf;fpilNa
cs;s J}uk;
^1& 1 m
^2& 2 m
^3& 3 m
^4& 4 m
^5& 6 m
3 V NeNuhl;l toq;fypd; %yk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;
,yj;jpudpay; Rw;W cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
X, Y Mfpa Kbtplq;fSf;fpilNa cs;s njhLg;ig
mfw;Wk;NghJ
^1& LED1 khj;jpuk; xspUk;. ^2& LED1, LED 2 Mfpa ,uz;Lk; xNu jlitapy;
xspUk;.
^3& LED 2 khj;jpuk; xspUk;.
^4& LED1, LED 2 Mfpatw;wpy; vJTk; xspukhl;lhJ.
^5& LED1, LED 2 Mfpad khwpkhwp xspUk;.
20.
+ 3V
LED 2
21.
A
B
C
^1&
22.
Y
LED 1
C 828
0V
X
xU tq;fpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,yj;jpudpay; rhtp A, B, C vd;Dk; %d;W Mspfspd; %yk;
Msg;gLfpd;wJ. A, B Mfpa ,U Mspfspy; xd;;Wld; Msp C iaj; njhlu;GgLj;Jtjd; %yk;
rhtpiaj; jpwf;fyhk;. Mspfis %Ljy; cau; jUf;f kl;lj;ij tifFwpf;Fnkdpd;> ,q;F
gpuNahfpf;fj;jf;f rupahd jUf;fg; gliyr; Rw;iwj; njupe;njLf;f.
A
B
C
1.2K
^2&
A
B
C
A
C
B
A
C
B
^3&
^4&
^5&
fzpdpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ika Kiwtop myfpd; (Central Processing Unit) gpujhd njhopy;
^1& juTfisAk; jfty;fisAk; cs;sPl;L> tUtpisT> Njf;ffr; rhjdq;fSf;fpilNa gupkhWjy;
^2& fzpjr; nra;iffisAk; jUf;fr; nra;iffisAk; nra;jYk; juit epue;jukhfj; Njf;fp
itj;jYk;
^3& Njf;fr; rhjdq;fSf;fpilNa juTfisj; njhlu;ghlYk; MSjYk;
^4& juTfisAk; jfty;fisAk; epue;jukhfj; Njf;fp itj;jYk; MSjYk;
^5& vy;yhj; JizAWg;GfisAk; MSjYk; fzpjr; nra;iffisAk; jUf;fr; nra;iffisAk;
nra;jYk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 57 -
23.
Gtpapd; ePu;f;Nfhsj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; gad;ghl;bw;F cfe;j ePupd; msT tpiuthff; Fiwe;Jnfhz;L
tUfpd;wJ. ,J Gtp kPJ cs;s mq;fpfspYk; jhtuq;fspYk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ePu;
khriljiy ,optsthf;Ftjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f eltbf;iffs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - cf;fhj jpz;kg; nghUs;fis kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lQ; nra;jYk; jpUk;gg; gad;gLj;jYk;
B - ifj;njhopy;fSf;F kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lQ; nra;j ePiug; gad;gLj;jy;
C - Mtpahf;fypd; %yk; jputf; fopTg; nghUs;fisj; jpz;kf; fopTg; nghUs;fshf khw;Wjy;
D - mNrjd tskhf;fpia cj;jkkhfg; gad;gLj;jy;
Nkw;Fwpj;j eltbf;iffspy; rupahdit
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad ^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad ^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
24.
gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; Kaw;rpahsupd; vjpu;ghu;g;ig kpfr; rupahff; fhl;Lk; $w;W ahJ?
^1& tpahghu tpUj;jp gw;wpa mwpitAk; cau; epjp mD$yq;fisAk; ngWtjw;F eltbf;ifia
Nkw;nfhs;sy;
^2& jilfisAk; ,lu;g;ghLfisAk; ntd;Wnfhz;L Kd;Ndhf;fpr; nry;yy;
^3& nghUs;> Nrit cw;gj;jpapy; Gjpa njhopDl;gtpaiy mjw;F ,irthf mikj;jYk;
gpuNahfpj;jYk; ^4& r%fj; Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F xUtupd; Gj;jhf;ftpay;G cl;glf; fUj;JfSf;F
kjpg;gspj;jy; ^5& gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;jYk; jPu;khdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;sYk;
Kaw;rpahz;ikAld; njhlu;Ggl;l rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - $l;L Kaw;rp tpahghuj;jpd; Kaw;rpahsu;fs; mjd; gq;fhsu;fshtu;.
B - $l;LwTr; rq;fj;jpd; Kaw;rpahsu;fs; mjd; cWg;gpdu;fshtu;.
C - murf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Kaw;rpahsuhf ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp nraw;gLfpd;wJ.
D - xU tiuaWj;j fk;gdpapd; Kaw;rpahsu; mjd; epUthff; FOtpd; cWg;gpduhtu;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;WfspilNa cz;ikahdJ>
^1& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^2& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^3& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^4& B, D Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& A, B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
25.
26' jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; A apw;Fk; Bapw;FkpilNa cs;s
rktYf; nfhs;ssTg; ngWkhdk;
^1&
121
µF
22
^2&
^4& 20µF
^5&
20 µF
11
^3& 11 µF 10
5µF
A
+C
10 µF
C1
1 µF B
C
+ 10 µF
C1
1 µF
27' jw;fhy kpd; #s;fSf;F xsp fhYk; ,UthapfSk; (LED) kpd;Ndw;wj;jf;f kpd;fyq;fSk;
gad;gLj;jjg;gLfpd;wd. ,k;kpd;fyq;fspilNa kpd;Ndw;wg;glj;jf;fit
^1& nyf;fpshQ;Nr fyk;'
^2& fhuf; fyk;. ^3& ,urf; fyk;
^4& epf;fy; - flkpaf;(Ni/Cd) fyk;
^5& ,ypjpak; xl;irl;Lf; fyk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 58 -
28'
0
0
A
0
B
0
C
D
Nkw;Fwpj;j mOj;j - Neu tiugpw;Nfw;g MlyOj;j Kjypd; tiuGfs;
^1& A, B Mfpad
^2& A, C Mfpad'
^4& B, C Mfpad ^5& B , D Mfpad
^3& A, D Mfpad
29' jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;Wf;Nfw;gr; rktYj; jlq;fiyf; fhl;LtJ@
^1& Z = R2 + x 2 + x 2 ^2& Z = R2 + xL2 C
L
L
c
xc2
^3& Z = R2 + (xL - xc)2 ^4& Z = R + xL + xc
R
^5& Z = R2 + x 2 - x 2
L
c
30' gag;Gr; irifia miyTfhl;bapd; %yk; Nehf;Fk;
re;ju;g;gk; cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. miyTfhl;bapd; Neu
mb (Time Base) 10 kpy;ypnrf;fDf;F mikf;fg;gl;bUg;gpd;>
gag;G miyapd; kPbwd;
^1& 25 Hz ^2& 50 Hz
^4& 25 kHz ^5& 50 kHz
^3& 100 Hz
31' cUtpy; cs;s Rw;wpy; jilapfSk; X, Y vd;Dk;
,U mstPl;L cgfuzq;fSk; ,lg;gl;Ls;sd.
A - jilap R3 ,w;Ff; FWf;Nf ghAk;
^1&
^4&
X
R1
10V
P
R5
R3
Q
kpd;Ndhl;lk; khj;jpuk; x ,d; %yk; msf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
Y
B - R3 ,w;Fk; R4 ,w;Fk; FWf;Nf g hAk;
R2
kpd;Ndhl;lk; khj;jpuk; X ,d; %yk;
msf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. C - Rw;wpd; rktY mOj;jk; khj;jpuk; Y
apd; %yk; msf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
D - jilap R5 ,w;Ff; FWf;Nf cs;s Nthy;w;wsT Y apd; %yk; msf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wfspy; cz;ikahdit
A, B Mfpad
^2& A, C Mfpad ^3& A, D Mfpad
B, C Mfpad
^5& C, D Mfpad
R4
32' tiyaikg;G cgepiyaq;fspYk; tpepNahf epiyaq;fspYk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s epiykhw;wpfspd;
Kjd;ikr; Rw;W> Jizr; Rw;W Mfpatw;wpd; FwpaPLfs; ,lk;ngWk; tpil ahJ@
^1& ΔΔ, ΔΔ ^2& ΔΔ, Δ
^3& Δ , ΔΔ ^4& ΔΔ, Δ ^5& Δ , Δ
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 59 -
33'
cUtpy; fhzg;gLk; Rw;W tpfpjk; 4 ( 1 jd;dpaf;f epiykhw;wpapd; mOj;jk;
12 V/ 100Hz vdpd;> Jizapd; mOj;jk; ahJ@
^1& 0 V
^4& 9 V
^2& 0.3 V
^3& 3 V
^5& 48 V
34' xU njhopw;rhiy tstpy; Kf;fiy Nkhl;liu epWTk;NghJ cL (Star) my;yJ nly;uh (Delta)
Kiwf;Nfw;gr; Rw;wy;fs; vspjhf khw;wg;glj;jf;fjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;ba njhLg;Gg; ngl;bapd; rupahd
jpl;lg;glj;ijj; njupe;njLf;f.
A1
B1
C1
A1
B1
C1
A2
B1
C1
C1
C2
B1
A1
B2
C1
A2
B2
C2
B2
C2
A2
B1
C2
A2
A1
A2
B2
B1
C2
A2
^1&
^2&
^3&
^4&
^5&
35' 100m2 gpuNjrk; xd;wpd; Fij ntsptopfspd; ahjhapDk; Xu; vz;zpf;ifiag; nghUj;Jtjw;F
tisar; Rw;Wfs; (Ring Circuit) gad;gLj;jg;gLk; mNj Ntis kpd; njhopDl;gtpay; rl;lq;fspy;
,jw;fhf 13A rJuf; $u;fs; cs;s Fijfis khj;jpuk; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkdf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j tiff; Fijiag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd gpujhd fhuzk;
^1& nrUfpf;Fk; Fijf;FkpilNa rpwe;j njhlu;Gilikia Vw;gLj;jy;.
^2& nrUfpapy; my;yJ Fijapy; cUfp ,Uj;jy;.
^3& nrUfpiaAk; FijiaAk; vspjhfj; njhLf;fj;jf;fjhf ,Uj;jy;.
^4& Fij tisar; Rw;wpy; ghAk; cau;e;jgl;r kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpw;Fj; jhf;Fg;gpbj;jy;
^5& nryit ,opthf;fy;
36' xU tPl;L kpd; toq;fYld; njhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s kpd;dOj;jp xd;wpd; mb kPJ xU Nead; kpd;
Nrhjpg;ghid itf;Fk;NghJ mJ xspUk;. ,k;kpd;dOj;jpapd; mb kPJ if gLk;NghJ ghJfhg;G
cj;jp nraw;gl;L kpd; toq;fy; njhLg;gfw;wg;gLk;.
- ,k;kpd; Rw;wpy; jtWfs; ,y;iy.
- rpW Rw;Wilg;ghd; (RCCB) nraw;gl;L toq;fy; njhLg;gfw;wg;gl;lJ.
- vr;r kpd;Ndhl;lr; Rw;Wilg;ghd; (MCB) nraw;gl;L toq;fy; njhLg;gfw;wg;gl;Ls;;sJ.
- kpd;dOj;jpf;Fk; Gtpj;njhLg;G kpd;tha;f;FkpilNa cs;;s njhlu;G mw;Wg;NghAs;sJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wfspy; cz;ikahdit ahit@
^1& A , B Mfpad
^2& A , C Mfpad ^3& A , D Mfpad ^4& B, C Mfpad ^5& C, D Mfpad
A
B
C
D
37' cUtpy; fhzg;gLk; gy;yjpupr; Rw;Wg; gw;W gpd;tUk;
$w;Wfspy; cz;ikahdit ahit?
A - X, Y Mfpad PNP jpuhd;rpw;wu;fshFk;
B - X, Y Mfpad NPN jpuhd;rpw;wu;fshFk;'
C - Rw;W nraw;gLk;NghJ X, Y Mfpad nraw;ghl;L
tyaj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
D - Rw;W nraw;gLk;NghJ X, Y Mfpad Jz;bf;fg;gl;L
+Vcc
1µF
X
epuk;gy; tyaq;fspilNa khwpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
^2& A, C Mfpad ^3& A, D Mfpad ^4& B, C Mfpad
^1& A, B Mfpad
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
1µF
Y
^5& B, D Mfpad
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 60 -
38'
jpuhd;rpw;wu;fs; njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUk; $w;WfspilNa vJ cz;ikahdJ@
^1& jpuhd;rpw;wu;fs; tpupayhf;fr; Rw;Wfspy; khj;jpuk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
^2& epjKk; mb- fhypr; re;jp Kd; NfhlYWk; tpjj;jpy; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
^3& jpuhd;rpw;wu; ,UikKidTj; jpuhd;rpw;wu; tiff;FupaJ.
^4& jUf;f xd;wpize;j Rw;Wfspy; jpuhd;rpw;wu;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy.
^5& jpuhd;rpw;wupd; mb Kbtplk; vg;NghJk; kpd;Kiwahf nehJkyhdJ.
S1
39' cUtpy; fhzg;gLk; Rw;wpy; cs;s D1, D2, D3, D4, L1, L2
vd;Dk; JizAWg;G tiffSf;Nfw;gr; ru;trkkhdit. S1, S2
vd;Dk; Mspfis %Lk;NghJ
kpd;Ndhl;lk; gha;tjpy;iy@
^1& D1
^4& D4
^2& D2
^5& L 1
vj;JizAWg;gpw;Ff;
^3& D3
3V
S2
FWf;Nf
3V
D2
D1
L1
D4
L2
D3
L3
40' gpd;tUk; nraw;ghl;L tpupayhf;fpr; ^Op Amp& Rw;wpd; gag;Gr; irifapd; tbtj;ijj; njupe;njLf;f.
R1
5k
R1
R
f
5k
3k
ngaug;G
gag;G
nga;g;G
^1&
^2&
^4&
^5&
^3&
41' njhiyf;fhl;rpj; jpiuapd; fpil> epiyf;Fj;J myfplYf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; miy tbtq;fs;
KiwNa ,lk;ngWk; tpil ahJ@
^1& rJu> thl;gw;fs; ^2& rJu> rJu
^3& thl;gw;fs;> thl;gw;fs;
^4& ird;> rJu ^5& rJu> ird;
42' cUtpy; fhzg;gLk; Nru;khdj; jUf;fr; Rw;wpd; Q gag;G
A=1110
B=1101
C=1001
Q=____
A
Q
B
C
^1&
1 1 1 1 ^2& 1 0 0 1
^3& 0 0 0 1
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
^4& 1 1 0 0
^5& 0 0 1 1 gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 61 -
43' khztd; xUtd; njuptpj;j jd;dpaf;f ePu; toq;fy;
xd;wpd; fpilg;glk; cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mjpy;
A, B Mfpad jUf;fg; gliyfSk; (Logic Gates)"
''X'' MdJ <uypg;igAk; ''Y'' MdJ ntg;gepiyiaAk;
(Sensing) czUk; GydpfSk; (Sensors) MFk;. <uypg;G
kpfTk; FiwAk;NghJ X jho;e;j jUf;f kl;lj;ijAk;
(Low Logic Level) ntg;gepiy kpfTk; mjpfupf;Fk;NghJ
Y cau;e;j jUf;f kl;lj;ijAk;
(High Logic Level)
ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wd. gag;Gf;F cau;e;j jUf;f kl;lk;
fpilf;Fk;NghJ khj;jpuk; ePu;g; nghopT "Z" nraw;gLfpd;wJ.
ntg;gepiy kpfTk; mjpfupf;Fk;NghJk; <uypg;G kpff;
FiwAk;NghJk; khj;jpuk; ePu;g; nghopT "Z" nraw;gLnkdpd;
A, B Mfpa gliyfs; KiwNa
^1& NOT, AND ^2& AND, NOT ^3& OR, NOT
Z
T
A
X
^4&
C
B
NOT, OR
^5&
Y
AND, AND
44' gpd;tUk; gad;ghLfSf;F kpfTk; cfe;j Rw;Wg; gyif tif rupahd xOq;FKiwapy; ,lk;ngWk;
tpiliaj; njupe;njLf;f.
A- xU jw;fhypfr; Rw;iw mikj;jy;
B- xU epue;jur; Rw;iw mikj;jy;
C- xU ngupa mstpyhd Rw;iw mikj;jy;
^1& nraw;wpl;lg; gyif> mr;rpl;l Rw;Wg; gyif> ntNuhg;
^2& nraw;wpl;lg; gyif> ntNuhg; gyif> mr;rpl;l Rw;Wg;
^3& mr;rpl;l Rw;Wg; gyif> ntNuhg; gyif> nraw;wpl;lg;
^4& mr;rpl;l Rw;Wg; gyif> nraw;wpl;lg; gyif> ntNuhg;
^5& ntNuhg; gyif> mr;rpl;l Rw;Wg; gyif> nraw;wpl;lg;
45'
gyif
gyif
gyif
gyif
gyif
Nfs; kPbwd; juTfs; thndhyp kPbwd; juTfshf CLflj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
A - fhtp kPbwd; epjKk; Nfs; kPbwdpYk; FiwthFk;.
B- fhtp kPbwd; epjKk; Nfs; kPbwdpYk; $bajhFk;.
C- tPrr; kl;birg;G CLflj;jypy; fhtp miyapd; tPrr; k; juT miyapd; kPbwDf;Nfw;g
kl;birf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
D- juT CLflj;jYf;fhf 30kHz - 300GHz tiuAs;s thndhyp kPbwd; tPr;R gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, D Mfpad
^3& A, C, D Mfpad
^4& B, C , D Mfpad
^5& A, B, C , D Mfpad
46' njhiyf;fhl;rpr; iriffisg; ngWtjw;F ahfp md;nudhitg; gad;gLj;jy; njhlu;ghd ngha;f;
$w;iwj; njupe;njLf;f. ' (Yagi Antenna)
^1& md;nudh epiyf;Fj;jhfg; nghUj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
^2& md;nudh fpilahfg; nghUj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
^3& md;nudh topg;gLj;jpfs; (Directors)" CLflj;Jk; epiyaj;ij Nehf;fpj; jpir
Kfg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
^4& md;nudh cNyhff; Fohapd; %yk; epyj;jpy; nghUj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
^5& cfe;j irif E}f;fpiag; (Booster) gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; iriffisg; ngWjy;
Nkk;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
47' gpd;tUtdtw;wpilNa nraw;ghl;Lj; njhFjpahf (Operating System) mikahjJ ahJ@
^1& Windows XP
^2& Linux
^3& Ubuntu
^4& Mac OSX Snow Leopard ^5& Adobe PhotoShop
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 62 -
48' xU fzpapd; tY toq;fy; rhtp nraw;gLk;nghJ gPg; xyp Vw;gLk; mNj Ntis rhtpg; gyifapd; kpd;
Fkpo;; xspUfpd;wJ. ,t;NtJf; fhuzpfSf;Nfw;g tiuaWf;fg;gLtJ
^1& §nraw;ghl;Lj; njhFjp rupahf epWtg;gltpy;iy¶ vd;gjhFk;.
^2& §njhlf;Ftjw;F (Start - Up) Maj;jk;¶ vd;gjhFk;'
^3& §nraw;ghl;Lj; njhFjpapd; Nfhg;Gfs; (Files) jpwg;gjw;F Maj;jk;¶ vd;gjhFk;.
^4& §rpy mj;jpahtrpaj; njhFjpfs; epWtg;gltpy;iy (Install) ¶ vd;gjhFk;'
^5& §nraw;ghl;Lj; njhFjp rupahf epWtg;gl;Ls;sJ¶ vd;gjhFk;.
49' (Visual Basic) vd;Dk; fzpdp nkhopiag; gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ ,U vz;fisf; $l;liyg; gpuNahfpj;jy;
gw;wpa rupahd $w;W ahJ@
(1) sum = val(Text1.Text) + (Text2.Text)
(2) sum = val(Text1.Text) + val(Text2.Text)
(3) sum = (Text1.Text) + (Text2.Text)
(4) sum = str(Text1.Text) + str(Text2.Text)
(5) sum = str(Text1.Text) + val(Text2.Text)
50' ghlrhiyf; fzpdp Ma;$lj;ij tiyaikg;ghf;Ftjd; %yk; gpd;tUk; trjpfis epiwNtw;w
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
÷ tsq;fisr; rkkhfTk; tpidj;jpwDlDk; gupkhwpf; nfhs;sj;jf;fjhf ,Uj;jy;
÷ vy;yhf; fzpdpfSk; ,izaj;jpw;Fg; gpuNtrpj;jy;
÷ xU fzpdpapy; Vw;gLk; jtW Vida fzpdpfspy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jhjpUj;jy;
÷ Vw;gLk; jtiwj; jpUj;jj;jf;fjhf ,Uj;jy;
Nkw;Fwpj;j Njitfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fg; ghlrhiyf; fzpdp tiyaikg;gpw;F kpfTk; cfe;j
tiyaikg;G tif (Network Topology)@
(1) Bus
(2) Star
(3) Tree
(4) Ring
(5) Expanded Bus
* * *
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 63 -
16 - kpd;> ,yj;jpud;> jfty; njhopEl;gtpay;
tpdhj;jhs; II
Ú gFjp A apy; vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJjy; Ntz;Lk;.
Ú gFjp B kw;Wk; C apy; ,Ue;J xt;nthU gFjpapy; ,Ue;Jk; ,U tpdhf;fs; tPjk; ehd;F
tpdhf;fSf;F khj;jpuk;
tpil vOJf.
gFjp A : fl;Liu tpdhf;fs;
1. gpd;tUk; fw;wy; Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F td; njhopDl;gtpay; tFg;giwf;F Pentium IV
tiff; fzpdpia toq;fj; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
A - fw;wy; gzpfSf;fhfg; gpuNtrpg;gjw;Fk; kpd;dQ;ry; trjpiag; ngWtjw;Fk;
,izaj;Jld; njhLj;jy;
B - juTfisj; Njf;fp itf;Fk; Gwj; Jizf;fUtpfisf; fzpdpAld; njhLj;jy;
C - ,yf;fKiwf; fkuhtpy; cs;s tpk;gq;fisf; fzpdpf;F khw;wy;
D - td; gpujpfis mr;rpLjy;
E - nghwpapay; jfty;fs; ,lk;ngWk; tupg;glq;fis mtjhdpj;jy;
F - nghUs;fspd; tpiyfisAk; njhopyhsu; fl;lzq;fisAk; epfo;epiyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
Vw;ghl;Lld; fl;ll kjpg;gPLfisj; jahupj;jy;
G - khztdpd; my;yJ khztu; FOtpd; nraw;ghLfs; gw;wpa jftiyg; ngWjy;
(a) A, B, C Mfpatw;wpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Njitfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;F ePu; njuptpf;Fk;
njhlu;ghly; Jiw (Communication Port) tiffis KiwNa fhl;Lf.
(b) epiyahd
njhiygd;dp
top
capu;g;ghf
,Uf;Fk;NghJ
mjDld;
njhLf;fg;gl;l
,izaj;jpw;Fg; gpuNtrpf;fj; Njitahd JizAWg;Gfspd; gl;baiyj; jahupf;f. (c) E, F Mfpa Njitfis epiwNtw;wg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f nkd;nghUs;fis KiwNa Fwpg;gpLf.
(d) G apy; Fwpg;gpl;l Njitia epiwNtw;wg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f xU nkd;nghUisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(e) D apd; Njitf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f ,U tifg; nghwpfisr; nraw;ghl;bd; gy;tifikf;Nfw;gf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 64 -
2. jug;gl;Ls;s rkkhd tiujiyg; gad;gLj;jpj; jpir A apy; ghu;j;J mjd; fpilg;glk;> Kfg;G epiyg;glk;>
gf;f epiyg;glk; Mfpatw;iw Kjw; Nfhz vwpaf; Nfhl;ghLfSf;Nfw;g ntWq; ifapdhy; tiuf.
A
(vy;yh mstPLfSk; mm ,yhFk;)
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 65 -
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 66 -
3' Kjd;ik ,af;fpfshfg; (Prime Movers) ngUk;ghYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kpd; Nkhl;lu;fspilNa
J}z;ly; Nkhl;lu;fs; (Induction Motors) mjpf mstpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. J}z;ly; Nkhl;lu;
epiytd; Rw;wiyAk; Rw;wpy; ,y;yhj Roy;tidAk; nfhz;ljhFk;.
(a) J}z;ly; Nkhl;lupy; vt;tifr; Roy;td; mjpf mstpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ?
(b) J}z;ly;
Nkhl;lupd; epiytdpy; khWk;
fjpf;FkpilNa NtWghL cs;sjh@
ckJ tpilf;Ff; fhuzq; fhl;Lf.
fhe;jg;
Gyj;jpd;
fjpf;Fk;
Roy;tdpd;
(c) gpd;tUk; J}z;ly; Nkhl;lu;fspd; Row;rpj; jpiria khw;Wtjw;F vd;d nra;jy;
Ntz;Lk;;@ (i) jdpf; fiyj; J}z;ly; Nkhl;lu;
(ii) Kf;fiyj; J}z;ly; Nkhl;lu;
(d) tPLfspy; ngUk;ghYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Nkir kpd; tprpwpfspYk; ghTif (rPypq;F kpd;
tprpwpfspYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fjp MSif Kiwfis xg;gpLf.
(e) Nkir kpd; tprpwp Nkhl;lupd; njhlf;;fpr; Rw;wYk; (Starting) Xl;lr; Rw;wYk; (Running)
njhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpjk; gpd;tUk; cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mNj Rw;W tupg;glj;jpy;
Nkir kpd; tprpwpapd; fjpia MStjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; cj;jpia tiuf.
Xl;lr; Rw;wy;
njhlf;fpr;
C Rw;wy;
L N
(f) NkNy (e) ,d; Rw;W tupgg; lj;jpy; cs;s nfhs;sstp C Mf vt;tiff; nfhs;sstp gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ@ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
mf;nfhs;sstpapd; Njit ahJ@
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 67 -
4' xU
kpd;Dgfuzj;jpw;Ff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
fpilf;Fk;
kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij
L
RL
D1
R1
R2
R3
7
C1
D2
8
C2
PS1
4 3
6 5 1
MStjw;fhd
Rw;W
fPNo
A
X
555
IC
C
B
R4
C3
N
(a) ,r;Rw;wpd; vj;njhopy;fSf;fhf 555 xd;wpize;j (IC) JizAWg;G gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ@
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(b) Nkw;Fwpj;j Rw;wpd; Njitf;fhf xd;wpize;j JizAWg;Gf;F mOj;jj;ij toq;Fk;
gpujhd JizAWg;ig / JizAWg;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(c) Rw;wpy; D2 ,d; %yk; nra;ag;gLk; njhopy; ahJ@
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(d) ,q;F JizAWg;G X I mwpKfQ; nra;f mjd; A, B, C vd;Dk; Kbtplq;fisg;
ngaupLf.
A - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
B - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
C - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(e) RL ,w;Fg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f %d;W cgfuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
**
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 68 -
gFjp B
5. J}a ePu; kpd;gFg;Gr; nra;ag;gLk;NghJ xl;rprd;> Ijurd; vd;Dk; thAf;fs; fpilf;fpd;wd.
(a) ePu;g;gFg;Gf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Xu; vspa xOq;fikg;gpd; tupg;glj;ij tiue;J> mjd;
gFjpfisg; ngaupLf. mNdhl;ilAk; fNjhl;ilAk; mtw;wpy; tpLtpf;fg;gLk; thAf;fisAk;
rupahff; fhl;Lf.
(b) xl;rprd;> Ijurd; Mfpa thAf;fis NtWNtwhfr; Nrfupf;fj;jf;fjhfg; gupNrhjid xOq;fikg;ig
etPdkakhf;f Ntz;ba tpjj;ijj; njuptpf;f.
(c) Nkw;Fwpj;j mNj Ngiwg; ngWtjw;Fj; J}a ePUf;Fg; gjpyhf cg;Gf; fiuriyg; (NaCl)
gad;gLj;JkhW khztd; xUtd; njuptpj;jhd;. ,k;kpd;gFg;Gr; nraYld;
njhlu;Ggl;l
nghwpEl;gj;ijf; fhl;Lf. ,q;F fpilf;Fk; tpisnghUs;fisAk; mtw;wpd; gad;fisAk;
Fwpg;gpLf.
(d) NkNy (c) ,y; Fwpg;gpl;l ,urhad tpisnghUs;fspd; cw;gj;jpia mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd
Mw;wy; ,yq;ifapy; cs;sJ. mt;tpisnghUs;fis tPl;Lf; ifj;njhopy;fspYk; ntspehl;Lr;
re;ijfspYk; %yg;nghUs;fshfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F mjpf tha;g;G cs;sJ. ,sk; Kaw;rpahsu;
xUtu; ,f;ifj;njhopiy mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy; ftdQ; nrYj;Jfpwhnudf; nfhz;L fPNo
jug;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp mjidg; gw;wpr; RUf;fkhf tptupf;f.
(i) ,t;Tw;gj;jpr; nraYf;fhf kpd;gFnghUs;fshfg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f kpfg; nghUj;jkhd %yg;
nghUs;fs;
(ii) ifj;njhopiy Muk;gpg;gjw;Ff; fhuzpfspd; kPJ jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk; kpfg; nghUj;jkhd
,lk;
(iii) ifj;njhopy; nrad;KiwapYk; jpdrup trjpfSf;Fk; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f rf;jp Kjy;
tiffs;
6. xU Ra njhopyhfg; nghwpapd; %yk; nra;ag;gLk; rPNke;Jj; Jz;lf; fw;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F
,sk; Kaw;rpahsu; xUtu; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;whu;.
(a) ,j;njhopiy Muk;gpg;gjw;F mtUf;Fj; Njitahd gpujhd %yg;nghUs;fspd; gl;baiyj;
jahupf;f.
(b) Njitahd msT fhzpj; Jz;L ,Uf;fpd;wnjdf; nfhz;L ,t;Tw;gj;jpr; nraypy; ,lk;ngWk;
gy;NtW nrad;Kiwfisf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L cfe;j jiuj; jpl;lj;;ijj; jahupf;f.
(c) ,r;nraypd;NghJ Rw;whlypy; Vw;gLk; ,U (r%f> Rw;whly;) jhf;fq;fisAk; Ntiyahsu;fspd;
cldyj;jpYk; ghJfhg;gpYk; Vw;gLk; ,U jhf;fq;fisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.
(d) NkNy (c) ,y; ,dq;fz;l jhf;fq;fis ,optsthf;Ftjw;F ePu; njuptpf;Fk; ,U gbKiwfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
(e) cw;gj;jpapy; tpw;gid tpiyia mikf;fj; Njitahapd;> fpuak; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
tptuk;
1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
tpiy
%yg;nghUs;fs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> $yp
nghwpfspd; Nja;khdk;
kpd;rhuk;> epyk;> ePu;> NtW
vjpu;ghu;j;j ,yhgk;
khj cw;gj;jp
&. 20.50 (xU Jz;lf; fy;ypw;F)
2.5%
&. 18>000.00 xU khjj;jpw;F
17.5% nkhj;jr; nryT
4000 myFfs;
xU Jz;lf; fy;ypd; myFf; fpuaj;ijf; fzpf;f.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 69 -
7. #upa rf;jpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpdi
; d cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhf khztd; xUtdhy; njuptpff
; g;gLk;
Gtpepiyahd khjpupAU fPNoAs;s cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpdw
; J. gly; A Gtpiag; gw;wpr; RoYk; mNj
Ntis mjdhy; cwpQr
; g;gLk; #upa rf;jp xU jFe;j miy ,dj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpj; njwpap B apwF
;
mDg;gg;gLfpdw
; J. gutisT tbtj;ijf; nfhz;l njwpap B kPJ gLk; rf;jp miyfs; kpd; gpwg;ghf;fp
C apwF
; j; njwpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
gly;
A
C
B
Gtp
(a) glypd; %yk; cwpQ;rg;glj;jf;f #upa rf;jpapd; ,U tiffisj; njuptpf;f.
(b) rf;jpia cwpQ;Rtjw;Fg; gly; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba ,U ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(c) gy;NtW fl;lq;fspy; eilngWk; rf;jp ,og;Gfis ,optsthf;Ftijj; njhFjpapd; jpwd; (d)
rhu;e;Js;sJ. Nkw;Fwpj;j nrad;Kiwapd; xt;nthU fl;lj;jpYk; eilngWk; rf;jp ,og;igf; fhl;Lf.
khztd; ,e;j Nahridia tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;Fk;NghJ rNfhju khztu;fs; ,e;j Nahridiar;
nraw;gLj;Jk; rhj;jpaf;$W njhlu;ghfj; jkJ re;Njfj;ijj; njuptpj;jdu;. ,r;nraw;wpl;lj;ij
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F khztd; nty;y Ntz;ba rthy;fs; ahit?
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 70 -
gFjp C
8' xU ghlrhiyapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; miog;Gj; njhFjpapd; gUk;gbf; fpilg;glk; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wJ
X
Y
EZf;Fg;gd;dp
LS
400W
TR
PA
CD ,af;fp
LS
TR
LS
TR
(a) PA vd;gJ
xU tY tpupayhf;fpahFk;. mJ jpuhd;rpw;wu;fisg; gad;gLj;jp
mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;Tgfuzq;fs; nraw;gLk; epiyikapy; mg;gag;Gj; jpuhd;rpw;wu;fs;
(Output Transistors) vt;tyaj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;@
(b) Nkw;Fwpj;j jpuhd;rpw;wupd; Nrfupg;Nghd; kpd;Ndhl;lk; 600mA Mf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis
mb kpd;Ndhl;lk; 15mA MFk;.
mg;NghJ jpuhd;rpw;wupd; kpd;Ndhl;l eak; ^h & vg;ngWkhdj;ij vLf;Fk;@
fe
(c) EZf;Fg;gd;dpapypUe;J PA cgfuzj;jpw;Ff; FWf;Nf xypngUf;fp tiuf;Fk;
eilngWk ; nrad ;Kiwiar ; RUf ;fkhf t ptu pf ;f.
(d)X,Y Kbtplq;fis PA cgfuzj;jpd; vg;gag;G Kbtplq;fSld; njhLf;f Ntz;Lk;@ (e) T R cgfuzj;jpw;F toq;Fk; ngau; ahJ@ ,jd; ,U njhopy;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
9'
RF
AF
A
B
C
F
E
D
kPapjutypd; (Super Het) tif thndhyp thq;fpapd; (Radio Reciver) gUk;gbf; fl;l tupg;glk;
Nkw;Fwpj;j cUtpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
(a) fl;l tupg;glj;jpy; A,B,C,D,E ,F vd;Dk; fl;lq;fisg; ngaupLf.
(b) xU thndhypg; ngl;bapd; czupapd; fl;lj;jpd; gag;Gr; irifia tiuf.
(c) C fl;lj;jpd; %yk; kPapjutypd; nraypy; eilngWk; ,U Nritfisr; RUf;fkhf tptupf;f.
(d) §rpy thndhypg; ngl;bfspd; %yk; njhiyf;fhl;rpr; nry;topfspd; xypfisg; ngwTk;
njhiyf;fhl;rpr; nry;topfis ,irthf;Ftjd; %yk; rpy thndhyp xypgug;Gfisf;
Nfl;fTk; KbAk;.¶ ,f;$w;Wld; ePpu; ,zq;Fjiy my;yJ ,zq;fhikia ,U
tpQ;Qhdf; fhuzpfisr; rhd;Wfshff; fhl;b Kd;itf;f.
(e)
thndhyp njhiyf;fhl;rp Mfpa ,uz;Lf;Fk; nghJthd khWflj;jpiaf;
(Transducer) Fwpg;gpl;L> gFjpfs; ngauplg;gl;l FWf;Fntl;il tiuf
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 71 -
10'
jpl;lk;
37
epakf; FwpaPL
L
L
21
L1
F
P
L
L
L
L
JizAWg;G
- A
L - kpd; Fkpo; (Bulb)
- B
F - kpd; tprpwp (Fan)
- C
P - kpd; nrUfp (Plug)
- D
S - kpd;dhsp (Switch)
DB - E
L
(a) Nkw;Fwpj;j tPl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpy; kp;d; tYitg; ngWtjw;fhf tlq;fis ,Oj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
jug;gl;Ls;s FwpaPLfisAk; Jizf;fUtpfisAk; gad;gLj;jp mjw;fhd gUk;gbj;
jpl;lr; Rw;iw tiuf. Fwpg;G : tPl;lj; jpl;lj;ij tpilj;jhspy; gpujp nra;f
(b) L1 F JizAWg;Gfis xU rpW Rw;Wilg;ghDf;F (MCB) my;yJ cUfpf;Ff; (Fuse)
FWf;Nf njhLf;fg;gLkhW tlq;fs; ,Of;fg;gLk; Rw;iw tiuf.
(c) Nkw;Fwpj;j tPl;by; 60W kpd; Fkpo;fSk; Xu; 700W tprpwpAk; 1500W kpd;dLg;Gk;
epue;jukhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLnkdpd;> tPl;Lf;F vLf;fg;gLk; rhjhuz kpd;Ndhl;lk; ahJ?
(d) tPl;Lf;fhd Rw;Wf;Fupa capUf;Fk; (Live) nehJkYf;Fkhd tlq;fspd; (Neutral) 250 m
Njitnadf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jidf; nfhz;L jpl;lj;jpw;fhd gUk;gb kjpg;gPl;ilj;
jahupf;f. 1' tlq;fs; 25 m ,d; tpiy
&. 200'00
2' Msp - rhtp - jdp KidT &. 150'00 - ,U KidTfs; &. 200'00
- %d;W KidT
&. 300'00 3' tprpwp Msp
&. 475'00
4' nrUfpfs; - 5A &. 350'00
15A &.' 400'00
5' gpujhd Msp> guk;gy; gyif>
Gtpg; nghrpT Msp Mfpatw;Wf;F &. 5000.00
(e) Nkw;Fwpj;j tPl;bw;F kpd;tYit toq;Fk;NghJ epug;g Ntz;ba tpz;zg;gg; gbtj;jpy;
,l Ntz;ba mOj;jf; fiy (Phase) ahJ@
***
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 72 -
17 - czTj; njhopDl;gtpay;
tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;G
tpdhj;jhs; I - Neuk; : 2 kzpj;jpahyk;
5 njupTfs; cs;s gytpDs; njupT tpdhf;fs; 50. vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 02 Gs;spfs; tPjk; nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; 100.
tpdhj;jhs; II - Neuk; : 3 kzpj;jpahyk;
,t;tpdhj;jhs; A, B, C vd;Dk; %d;W gFjpfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
gFjp A -mikg;Gf; fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; ehd;F. vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk;
tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 100 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 400
Gs;spfs;
gFjp B -fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; %d;W. ,U tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOj
Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 150 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 300 Gs;spfs;
gFjp C -fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; %d;W. ,U tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOj
Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 150 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 300 Gs;spfs;
tpdhj;jhs; II ,w;fhd nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; = 1000 fi 10 = 100
,Wjpg; Gs;spfisf; fzpj;jy; : tpdhj;jhs; I = 100
tpdhj;jhs; II = 100
,Wjpg; Gs;sp = 200
fi 2 = 100
tpdhj;jhs; I
ftdpf;Ff
* vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJf.
* rupahd my;yJ kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupe;njLf;f (guPl;irapy; tpil vOJtjw;F gy;Nju;Tj;
jhs; toq;fg;gLk;).
1.
2.
3.
ngUk;ghyhd jhtuq;fs; gjpaKiw ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwfspd; %yk;
,dg;ngUf;fQ; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. cUtpy; fhzg;gLk; gjpaKiw ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp ,dg;ngUf;fQ; nra;aj;jf;f gapu;fs;
(1) jpuhl;ir> kpsF> ky;ypif
(2) vYkpr;ir> ,nykd;> kuKe;jpupif
(3) ky;ypif> vYkpr;ir> ntw;wpiy
(4) nrt;tuj;ij> jpuhl;ir> khkuk;
(5) ,nykd;> Nuhrh> khJis
tptrhap xUtu; jkJ taypy; gapu;r;nra;iff;fhf Ke;jpa Nghfj;jpy; gad;gLj;jpa tpij ney;ypy;
xU gFjpiag; gad;gLj;jj; jPu;khdpj;jhu;. mjpypUe;J 100 tpj;Jfs; tPjkhd %d;W khjpupfis
vOkhw;whf vLj;j mtu; mtw;iwr; Nrk;Gj; jz;bDs;Ns Nrkpj;J itj;jhu;. xU thuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;du;
Nrhjpj;jNghJ Kisj;jpUe;j tpj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;iffs; 80> 97> 78 vd mtjhdpf;fg;gLnkdpd;>
me;ney; tpj;Jfspd; Kisj;jy; rjtPjk;>
(1) 85% (2) 88%
(3) 90% (4) 92%
(5) 95%
fzpdp trjpfs; cs;s tptrhap xUtu; mt;trjpfisg; gad;gLj;jp ntspehl;by; ,Uf;Fk;
nfhs;tdthsu; xUtUld; njhlu;ghlj;jf;f njhluwh ,ilj;jhf;f ^Online interactive& Kiw
ahJ?
(1) kpd;dQ;ry; ^e - mail& (2) FWfpa nra;jpr; Nrit ^SMS&
(3) ciuahly; ^Chatting&
(4) njnyf;]; ^Telex&
(5) njhiyefy; ^Fax&
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 73 -
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
epyj;ijg; gz;gLj;Jk; nrad;Kiwapy; khw;wj;jpw;F cl;glhjJ>
^1& kz;zikg;G ^2& kz; ,ioaikg;G
^3& kz; fl;likg;G ^4& Njhw;w mlu;j;jp
^5& ePiu mfj;JwpQ;Rk; nfhs;ssT
xU ehw;W Nkilapy; elg;gl;l fha;fwp tpj;JfspypUe;J cz;lhfpa ehw;Wfspd; jz;Lfs; kpf
nky;ypajhfTk; caukhfTk; ntz;zpwkhfTk; ,Ue;j mNj Ntis ,iyfs; ,sk; gr;ir epwj;jpy;
,Ue;jd. ,e;epiyikapy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa fhuzk;
^1& $Ljyhd xspr; nrwpT ^2& Fiwthd xspr; nrwpT
^3& $Ljyhd ntg;gepiy ^4& Fiwthd njhlu;G <ug;gjd;
^5& $Ljyhd ntg;gepiyAk; $Ljyhd njhlu;G <ug;gjDk;
Xu; <ug;ghj;jpapypUe;J rpwpjsT kz;izf; ifapy; vLj;Jj; jpuizahf;fpaNghJ mJ eOtpr;
nry;tij khztd; xUtd; mtjhdpj;jhd;. gpd;tUk; gapu;fspy; ,g;ghj;jpapy; eLtjw;F kpfTk;
cfe;j gapu;
^1& fq;Fd; (ts;is)
^2& kpsfha; ^3& Ke;jpupif
^4& nfhapyh
^5& nts;sup
czTf; $k;gfk; vd;gJ
^1& xUtuplk; cs;s czitg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd nghUshjhu Mw;wiy vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ.
^2& xUtu; xU ehspy; cl;nfhs;Sk; cztpd; msitAk; mjpy; cs;s Nghrizf; $WfisAk;
vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ.
^3& xUtu; cl;nfhs;Sk; epiwAzT Ntisapy; cs;s Nghrizf; $WfisAk; mtw;wpd;
tpfpjj;ijAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ
^4& xUtUila jpdrupg; Nghrizj; Njitia vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ
^5& gy;NtW ,d kf;fspd; Nghrizj; Njitfis vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ.
cly; jpzpTr; Rl;b ^BMI& Jzpag;gLtJ xUtUila
^1& taJ> jpzpT Mfpatw;wpyhFk; ^2& cauk;> jpzpT Mfpatw;wpyhFk;
^3& taJ> cauk; Mfpatw;wpyhFk;
^4& Mz;-ngz; Ngjk;> jpzpT Mfpatw;wpyhFk;
^5& taJ> Mz;-ngz; Ngjk; Mfpatw;wpyhFk;.
nehjpak; my;yhj xU nray; fhuzkhf cztpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jpw;F Xu; cjhuzk;
^1& mg;gpisj; Jz;Lfshf ntl;ba Nkw;gug;gpy; eilngWk; fgpy epwkhjy;
^2& Ngf;fwp cw;gj;jpfspd; Nkw;gug;G fgpy epwkhjy;
^3& goq;fs; gOf;Fk;NghJ nkd;ikahjy;
^4& gg;ghrpf; fha;j; Jz;LfSld; ,iwr;rpiar; rikf;Fk;NghJ ,iwr;rp nkd;ikahjy;
^5& kPd; gOjilAk;NghJ nkd;ikahjy;
rikj;j czitf; FspNuw;wpapy; rpy ehl;fSf;Fr; Nrkpj;J itf;Fk;NghJ mjd; kPJ tsu;tjw;Ff;
$ba ehl;lj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;s Ez;zq;fp
^1& ];ugpNyhf;nfhf;f]; mTupa]; ^Staphylococcus aureus&'
^2& grpy]; rPupa]; ^Bacillus cereus&'
^3& Fnsh];jpupbak; Ngu;gpupd;[d;]; ^Clostridium perfringens&'
^4& ry;nkhndy;yh iugp ^Salmonella typhi&'
^5& v];nruprpah Nfhiy ^Escherichia coli&'
vd;Gf;NfhiwNeha; epiyik Vw;gLtjpy; gpd;tUk;
$Ljyhd jhf;fk; Vw;gLk;?
^1& ghw;fl;b ^2& ghy;
^4& Nfhopapiwr;rp ^5& gg;ghrp
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
vt;Tzitf;
Fiwe;jgl;rk;
EfUk;NghJ
^3& nea;j;Njhyp
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 74 -
12.
13.
14.
15.
Njrpar; re;ijapy; vjpu;ghuhky; ney; tpiy cau;tijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F kpfTk; rpwe;j eilKiw
^1& ,aw;iff; fhyepiy mdu;j;jq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
^2& rdj;njhif cau;tijf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
^3& gapupLk; Nghf khww;wpwid ,optsthf;fy;
^4& ghJfhj;j ney; ,Ug;igg; Ngzy;
^5& re;ijf; Nfs;tpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
Nghf;Ftuj;jpd;NghJ fha;fwpfs; CWgLk; ,lq;fSk; cilAk; ,lq;fSk; fgpy epwkhf ,Ug;gijf;
fhzyhk;. ,e;j mWtilr; Nrjq;fspy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; fhuzp
^1& ngsjpf> ,urhadf; fhuzp
^2& ngsjpf> capupay; fhuzp
^3& ,urhad> capupay; fhuzp
^4& ngsjpff; fhuzp khj;jpuk;
^5& ,urhadf; fhuzp khj;jpuk;
jhdpaq;fspdJk; gUg;G tiffspdJk; gpd;dWtil ,og;Gfis ,optsthf;Ftjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f
eltbf;if
^1& jahu; nra;tjw;Fg; ghuk;gupa Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jy;
^2& mWtil nra;jJk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;
^3& new;Wfs; gr;ir epwj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mWtil nra;jy;
^4& gioa Ngjq;fis khj;jpuk; gapupLjy;
^5& taypy; gPilr; Nrjj;ij ,optsthf;fy;
,iwr;rp cw;gj;jpg; nghUs;fspd;
,ay;igg; ghJfhj;jy; njhlu;ghd rpy
$w;Wfs; fPNo
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - tpyq;FfSf;F ey;y NghriziaAk; cj;jkr; Rw;whly; epiyikfisAk; toq;Fjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
B - Fiwe;jgl;r msT FUjp ghaj;jf;fjhf tpyq;Ffisf; nfhd;W tpiuthf ,iwr;rpiag;
ngw Ntz;Lk;
C - jahu; nra;j ,iwr;rpia cfe;jthW nghjpe;J kPf;Fspu;j;Jk; epiyikfspy; Nrkpj;J itf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wfspy; kpfr; rupahdJ/ rupahdit
^1& A khj;jpuk;
^2& B khj;jpuk;
^3& A , B Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
16. ntz; re;jdj; jhtuq;fisg; gapupLk;NghJ gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba tpNrl guhkupg;G Kiw
^1& jhtuj;jpd; NtUf;Ff; fyitg; grisiar; Nru;j;jy;
^2& jhtuj;ijr; Rw;wp Ntu; tyaj;jpd; Nkw;gug;G kz;iz vupj;jy;
^3& Nrjd tskhf;fpiaAk; ,urhad tskhf;fpiaAk; 1 : 1 tpfpjj;jpy; gpuNahfpj;jy;
^4& fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jhjpUj;jy;
^5& ,U ntz; re;jdj; jhtuq;fisf; fpl;lf; fpl;lg; gapupLjy;.
17.
kUe;Jf; fsQ;rpaj;jpy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba Kf;fpa ,ay;G/ ,ay;Gfs; ^2& <ug;gjDk; ntg;gepiyAk; ^3& <ug;gjDk; xspAk;
^5& ntg;gepiy khj;jpuk;
^1& xspAk; ntg;gepiyAk; ^4& xspAk; fhw;Nwhl;lKk;
18.
gpd;tUk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; capu;j;njhopDl;gtpay; Mjpfhyj;jpypUe;J gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
re;ju;g;gj;ijf; fhl;Lk; tpil
^1& nehjpj;jy; nrad;KiwAk; jhtu ,dtpUj;jpAk;
^2& jhtu ,dtpUj;jpAk; Fg;ig kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lKk;
^3& Ntl;iff;fhy xUKfg;gLj;jy; ,iaghf;fKk; jhtu ,dtpUj;jpAk;
^4& Fg;ig kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lKk; nehjpj;jy; nrad;KiwAk;
^5& Ntl;iff;fhy xUKfg;gLj;jy; ,iaghf;fKk; Fg;ig kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lKk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
rupahd
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 75 -
19.
20.
21.
22.
gy;NtW %yg;nghUs;fSld; njhlu;Ggl;l rpy cw;gj;jpfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
capu;j;njhopDl;gtpay; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; re;ju;g;gk;
^1& rPdp
nuhgp cw;gj;jp MFk;.
^2& ghy;
I];fpwPk; cw;gj;jp MFk;.
^3& Njq;fhnaz;nza;
rtu;f;fhu cw;gj;jp MFk;.
^4& jf;fhsp
Ritf;$l;L cw;gj;jpahFk;.
^5& jhtu/ tpyq;Ff; fopTg; nghUs;
fyitg; gris cw;gj;jpahFk;
mtw;wpy;
xU tpahghuj;jpd; ntw;wp Kfhikr; nrad;Kiw kPJ jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;. rpwe;j Kfhikr; nrad;Kiwapd;
gbKiwfs; KiwNa
^1& jpl;lkply;
kjpg;gPL
topg;gLj;jy;
xOq;fikg;G MFk;.
^2& jpl;lkply;
topg;gLj;jy;
xOq;fikg;G
kjpg;gPL MFk;.
^3& jpl;lkply;
xOq;fikg;G
topg;gLj;jy;
kjpg;gPL MFk;.
^4& jpl;lkply;
xOq;fikg;G
kjpg;gPL
topg;gLj;jy; MFk;.
^5& xOq;fikg;G
jpl;lkply;
kjpg;gPL
topg;gLj;jy; MFk;.
xU tpahghuj;jpd; cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapy;
mjpfupf;Fk;NghJ mjd; epiyahd fpuak; ^1& mjpfupf;Fk; fjpapy; mjpfupf;Fk; ^3& khwhky; ,Uf;Fk;
^5& gbg;gbahff; FiwAk;
cw;gj;jp
nra;ag;gLk;
myFfspd;
vz;zpf;if
^2& FiwAk; fjpapy; mjpfupf;Fk;;
^4& Fiwe;J gpd;du; mjpfupf;Fk;
ePu;r; #ow;nwhFjpfspd; ,Ug;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F mtw;wpd; #oy; czu;jpwd; gw;wpa mwpT
,d;wpaikahjJ. gpd;tUk; #ow;nwhFjpfspy; czu;r;rpkpf;f ,aw;if ePu;r; #ow;nwhFjp
^1& Nrw;W epykhFk;
^2& fz;ly; njhFjpahFk;
^3& ed;dPu;f; FskhFk;
^4& KUiff;fw; ghuhFk;
^5& tpy;YthFk;.
23.
khztd; xUtd; capu;r;Rtl;L vupnghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;jpr; nraw;gLj;Jk; nghwpfspd; tpisthf
Vw;gLk; tpUk;gj;jfhj tpisTfshfg; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fisg; gl;baw;gLj;jpAs;shd;.
A - tspkz;lyj;jpy; CO2 mjpfupj;jy;
B - #oypd; ntg;gepiy mjpfupj;jy;
C - fhyepiy khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLjy;
D - gad;gLj;Jgtuplk; er;R thAf;fs; gpuNtrpj;jy;
Nkw;Fwpj;j tplaq;fspy; #oYf;F Vw;gLk; tpUk;gj;jfhj tpisTfshff; fUjg;glj;jf;fd
^1& A , B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^2& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^3& A, D Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^4& A, B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& A, B, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
24.
capu;thAg; gpwg;ghf;fpfs; njhlu;ghd rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - itf;NfhYk; rhzKk; %yg;nghUs;fshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
B - njhlu;r;rpahd Kiwf;F %yg;nghUs;fs; cs;slf;fg;gLk; capu;thAg; gpwg;ghf;fpfspypUe;J
Mz;L g+uhfTk; njhlu;r;rpahf capu;thAitAk; ngwyhk;.
C - xj;j ,U capu;thAg; gpwg;ghf;fpfis mk;ghe;Njhl;il khtl;lj;jpYk; Etnuypah
khtl;lj;jpYk; mikj;jhy;> Etnuypahtpy; cs;s capu;thAg; gpwg;ghf;fpapypUe;J mjpf
msT capu;thA ngwg;gLk;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wfspy; kpfTk; rupahdJ
^1& A khj;jpuk; ^2& C khj;jpuk; ^3& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 76 -
25'
3R vz;zf;fUtpd; gpuNahfq;fspy; capu;thA cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ>
^1& kPs; gad;ghL khj;jpuk;
^2& kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lk; khj;jpuk;
^3& gad;ghL FiwjYk; kPs; gad;ghLk; khj;jpuk; ^4& kPs; gad;ghLk; kPs; Rw;Nwhl;lKk; khj;jpuk;
^5& gad;ghL FiwjYk; kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lKk; khj;jpuk;
26.
czTj; njhopDl;gtpay; gw;wpa ,U $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd. A - njhopDl;gtpaiyg; gad;gLj;jp Xu; cztpd; ngsjpf - ,urhad ,ay;Gfisg; Nghy;
MAl;fhyKk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. B - czitg; NgZtjd; vjpu;ghu;g;Gfis miltjw;F cfe;j njhopDl;gtpaypd; gad;ghL
cjTfpd;wJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wfspy;
^1& A rupahf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis B gpioahdjhFk;.
^2& B rupahf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis A gpioahdjhFk;.
^3& A rupahf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis B apd; %yk; mJ ed;whf tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
^4& B rupahf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis A apd; %yk; mJ ed;whf tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
^5& A gpioahf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis B apd; %yk; mJ ed;whf tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
27.
28.
29.
czTld; xl;rpNaw;wntjpupfisr; Nru;g;gjd; %yk;
^1& ghz;liyj; jLf;fyhk;
^2& Nghriz ,ay;igf; $l;lyhk;
^3& gutiy vspjhf;fyhk;
^4& Ritikia (flavour) Nkk;gLj;jyhk;
^5& cw;gj;jpia nkd;ikahf;fyhk;
nkd; NfhJik khtpYk; ghu;f;f td; NfhJik khtpy;
^1& $Ljyhd msT ehu;fs; ,Uf;Fk; ^2& Fiwe;j msT ehu;fs; ,Uf;Fk;
^3& $Ljyhd msT Gujk; ,Uf;Fk; ^4& Fiwe;j msT Gujk; ,Uf;Fk;
^5& Fiwe;j msT mkpNyhR ,Uf;Fk;.
ghuk;gupa czTg; gof;fq;fs; njhlu;ghf kpfr; rupahd $w;iwj; njupe;njLf;f.
Ml;fspd; Rfhjhu epiyikia Nkk;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
Ml;fspd; Nghrizj; Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F cjTtjpy;iy
Fiwe;j tpiy czTfisj; njupe;njLg;gjw;F Ml;fSf;F cjTfpd;wd.
kUj;Jt ,ay;Gfs; cs;s czTfisj; njupe;njLg;gjw;F cjTfpd;wd.
Ml;fSf;F kpfTk; rpwe;j nghUshjhu kl;lj;ij cUthf;f cjTfpd;wd.
^1&
^2&
^3&
^4&
^5&
÷
30.
30> 31 Mfpa tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOJtjw;Fg; gpd;tUk; czT %yg; nghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;Jf.
A - kJtk; B - rPdp
C - NfhJik kh
D - mNkhdpak; ,UfhgNdw;W
E - FSf;NfhR
nghq;Fk; ,ay;Gfisf; fhl;Lk; %yg;nghUs;fs;
^2& A, D Mfpad
^5& A, E Mfpad
^1& A, C Mfpad
^4& C, D Mfpad
31.
ghzpd; cj;jkf; fdtstpYk; Nky; fiu epwj;jpYk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; %yg;nghUs;fs;
^1& A, B Mfpad
^2& B, D Mfpad ^3& A, E Mfpad ^4& D, E Mfpad
^5& A, D Mfpad
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
^3& B, D Mfpad
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 77 -
32.
33.
jhdpaq;fisAk; mtiuaq;fisAk; Nru;j;J epiwAzT ngwg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk;
jhdpaj;jpy;
^1& vy;yh mj;jpahtrpa mkpNdh mkpyq;fSk; mlq;fpapUf;Fk; mNj Ntis mtiuaq;fspy;
vy;yh mj;jpahtrpaf; fdpg;nghUs;fSk; mlq;fpapUj;jy;
^2& vy;yh tiff; fhNghitjNuw;WfSk; mlq;fpapUf;Fk; mNj Ntis mtiuaq;fspy; vy;yh
mj;jpahtrpa mkpNdh mkpyq;fSk; mlq;fpapUj;jy;
^3& vspjhfr; rkpghlilaj;jf;f khg;nghUSk; rpy mj;jpahtrpa mkpNdh mkpyq;fSk;
mlq;fpapUf;Fk; mNj Ntis mtiuaq;fspy; rkpghlilaf; f\;lkhd khg;nghUSk; rpy
mj;jpahtrpa mkpNdh mkpyq;fSk; mlq;fpapUj;jy;
^4& rkpghlilaf; f\;lkhd khg;nghUSk; rpy mj;jpahtrpa mkpNdh mkpyq;fSk; mlq;fpapUf;Fk;
mNj Ntis mtiuaq;fspy; rpy mj;jpahtrpa mkpNdh mkpyq;fs; mlq;fpapUj;jy;
^5& vy;yh mj;jpahtrpa mkpNdh mkpyq;fSk; mlq;fpapUf;Fk; mNj Ntis mtiuaq;fspy;
vy;yhf; fhNghitjNuw;WfSk; mlq;fpapUj;jy;
Kisj;j (germinated) mtiuaq;fis mbg;gilaha;f; nfhz;l czT clypd;>
^1& nfhOg;G kl;lj;ijf; $l;Ltjw;F cjTk; ^2& Guj kl;lj;ijf; $l;Ltjw;F cjTk;
^3& rf;jp kl;lj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;F cjTk; ^4& rf;jp kl;lj;ijf; $l;Ltjw;F cjTk;
^5& fdpg;nghUs; kl;lj;ijf; $l;Ltjw;F cjTk;
34.
NrhahtpypUe;J jahupf;fg;gl;l Nahfl;bw;Fk; gRg; ghypypUe;J jahupf;fg;gl;l Nahfl;bw;FkpilNa
cs;s Kf;fpa NtWghL>
^1& Nrhah Nahfl; ,yw;wpf;fkpy nehjpg;ig mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNj Ntis gRg;ghy;
Nahfl; kJt nehjpg;ig mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ.
^2& Nrhah Nahfl; %y pH ngWkhdj;jpy; cz;lhFk; mNj Ntis gRg;ghy; Nahfl; mkpy pH
ngWkhdj;jpy; cz;lhfpwJ.
^3& Nrhah Nahfl; ,yw;Nwhirf; nfhz;buhj mNj Ntis gRg;ghy; Nahfl;by; mjpf msT
,yw;NwhR mlq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ.
^4& Nrhah Nahfl; tpUk;gj;jfhj kzj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNj Ntis gRg;ghy; Nahfl;by;
mj;jifa kzk; ,y;iy
^5& gRg;ghy; Nahfl;bYk; ghu;f;fr; Nrhah Nahfl;by; tpUk;gj;jf;f kzk; cz;L.
35.
goq;fs; gw;wpa ,U $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - Fiwe;jgl;rk; jahu;nra;tjw;Fg; goq;fisj; njupe;njLf;Fk;NghJ xU epajpahfg; gjpar;
re;ju;g;gk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. B - goq;fspd; ngsjpf-,urhadj; jw;wpwd;fs; mtw;wpd; MAl;fhyj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjpy;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jit. Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wfspy;
^1& A, B Mfpad rupahf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis B apdhy; A ed;whf tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
^2& A, B Mfpad rupahf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis B apdhy; A tpsf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
^3& A rupahf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis B rupahdJ
^4& A gpioahf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis B rupahdJ
^5& A, B ,uz;Lk; gpioahdit.
36.
[hkpd; epakf; fiuaj;jf;f jpz;kg; nghUs; msT (Brix) vt;tsT?
^1& 40%
^2& 60%
^3& 68%
^4& 72%
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
^5& 82%
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 78 -
37.
38.
39.
[hk; jahupj;jy; gw;wpa rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - [hk; jahupf;Fk; nrad;Kiwapy; ngf;upd; rjtPjk; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ.
B - fyitapd; pH ngWkhdk; [hkpd; ,ay;gpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ.
C - Nrhbak; nkw;wh ,Ury;igw;W> Nrhbak; ngd;NrhNtw;W Mfpad [hk;; cw;gj;jpapy;
nghJthf ,lg;gLk; Ngz;nghUs;fshFk;.
D - ntg;gk; rPuhfg; guk;gy; [hkpd; ,Wjp epiyikapy; Neubahfr; nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj;Jtjpy;iy.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wfspy; kpfTk; rupahdit
^1& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^2& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^3& A, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^5& B, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
rl;dp Xu; cjhuzkhff; fUjg;glj;jf;fJ>
^1& mLg;gpy; cyu;j;jg;gl;l cw;gj;jpg; nghUSf;F
^2&,urhadKiwahfg; NgZk; cw;gj;jpg; nghUSf;F
^3& gpurhuizKiwapy; ePufw;wg;gl;l cw;gj;jpg; nghUSf;F
^4&#upa ntg;gj;jpy; cyu;j;jg;gl;l cw;gj;jpg; nghUSf;F
^5& nehjpj;j cw;gj;jpg; nghUSf;F
Nahfl; cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapd; rupahd xOq;FKiw>
^1& ghr;ru;Kiwg;gLj;jy;> fpUkpGFj;jy;> milfhj;jy;> Fspu;r;rpahf;fy;>
FspNuw;wy;
^2& ghr;ru;Kiwg;gLj;jy;> Fspu;r;rpahf;fy;> fpUkpGFj;jy;> milfhj;jy;>
FspNuw;wy;
^3& ghr;ru;Kiwg;gLj;jy;> fpUkpGFj;jy;> Fspu;r;rpahf;fy;> milfhj;jy;>
FspNuw;wy;
^4& ghr;ru;Kiwg;gLj;jy;> milfhj;jy;> Fspu;r;rpahf;fy;> fpUkpGFj;jy;>
FspNuw;wy;
^5& ghr;ru;Kiwg;gLj;jy;> fpUkpGFj;jy;> Fspu;r;rpahf;fy;> milfhj;jy;>
FspNuw;wy;
kpiff;Fspu;r;rpahf;fy;>
kpiff;Fspu;r;rpahf;fy;>
kpiff;Fspu;r;rpahf;fy;>
kpiff;Fspu;r;rpahf;fy;
kpiff;Fspu;r;rpahf;fy;>
I];fpwPk; cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapy; fyitAld; tspiaf; fyj;jy; kpifNahl;lk; (over run)
vdg;gLk;. ,J I];fpwPkpd; mbg;gil epiyikapd; jPu;khdpg;ghd; vdg;gLk;. ,j;jPu;khdpg;ghd; kpfTk;
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLtJ
^1& ghr;ru;Kiwg;gLj;jy; gbKiwapd;NghJ
^2& fyf;Fk;; gbKiwapd;NghJ
^3& kpiff;Fspu;r;rpahf;Fk; gbKiwapd;NghJ ^4& jpz;kkhf;Fk; gbKiwapd;NghJ
^5& nghjpnra;Ak; gbKiwapd;NghJ
40.
41.
42.
,iwr;rp cw;gj;jpahsu;fspd; jput xOf;F Vw;gLfpd;wikf;Ff; fhuzk;
^1& ,iwr;rpapd; jho;e;j epiyik
^2& eype;j nfhy;if epiyik
^3& eype;j kpiff;Fspu;r;rpahf;fy; epiyik
^4&eype;j Rfhjhu cj;jpfs;
^5& eype;j nghjpnra;if
jfug; Ngzpapy; milj;j kPd;> NrhNrr;R> Gjpa Nfhop ,iwr;rp KiwNa fUjg;glf; $bajhf
miktJ>
^1& gy;tifg;gLj;jg;gl;l> ngWkhdk; Nru;f;fg;gl;l> ,aw;if czthf MFk;.
^2& ngWkhdk; Nru;f;fg;gl;l> gy;tifg;gLj;jg;gl;l> ,aw;if czthf MFk;.
^3& ,aw;if> gy;tifg;gLj;jg;gl;l> ngWkhdk; Nru;f;fg;gl;l czthf MFk;.
^4& gy;tifg;gLj;jg;gl;l> ngWkhdk; Nru;f;fg;gl;l> ,aw;if czthf MFk;.
^5& gy;tifg;gLj;jg;gl;l> ,aw;if> ngWkhdk; Nru;f;fg;gl;l czthf MFk;.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 79 -
43.
Njq;fhnaz;nza; njhlu;ghfr; rupahd $w;iwj; njupe;njLf;f.
^1& Jg;Guthf;fpa> epwk; ePf;fpa> kzk; mfw;wpa (RBD) Njq;fhnaz;nzapy; tpw;wkpd; E FiwthFk;.
^2& ifj;njhopy; Njq;fhnaz;nza; nfhyRj;jpNuhy; kpf;fJ.
^3& Njq;fhnaz;nzapy; gq;fRnfhy;yp ,ay;G ,y;iy.
^4& Ntu;[pd; Njq;fhnaz;nzapdJk; RBD Njq;fhnaz;nzapdJk; ,urhad mikg;Gfs; xj;jd.
^5& gr;irj; Njq;fhnaz;nza; nfhyRj;jpNuhy; capu;j;njhFg;gpw;F cjTfpd;wJ.
44.
cyu; thridr; ruf;F cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapd; rupahd xOq;FKiw
^1& njupe;njLj;jy;> ghFgLj;jy;> Jg;Guthf;fy;> cyu;j;jy; MFk; ^2& Jg;Guthf;fy;> njupe;njLj;jy;> ghFgLj;jy;> cyu;j;jy; MFk;.
^3& ghFgLj;jy;> njupe;njLj;jy;> cyu;j;jy;> Jg;Guthf;fy; MFk;.
^4& Jg;Guthf;fy;> ghFgLj;jy;> njupe;njLj;jy;> cyu;j;jy; MFk;.
^5& njupe;njLj;jy;> cyu;j;jy;> Jg;Guthf;fy;> ghFgLj;jy; MFk;.
45.
xypnahnurpd;> rhu vz;nza; vd;gd njhlu;ghfr; rupahd $w;iwj; njupe;njLf;f. ^1& xypnahnurpd; jput tbg;gpd; %yk; ngwg;gLk; mNj Ntis rhu vz;nza; nfhjpePuhtpKiw
tbg;gpd; %yk; ngwg;gLk;.
^2& rhu vz;nza; jput tbg;gpd; %yk; ngwg;gLk; mNj Ntis xypnahnurpd; nfhjpePuhtpKiw
tbg;gpd; %yk; ngwg;gLk;.
^3& rhu vz;nzapy; xypnahnurpdpYk; ghu;f;f capu;g;Gkpf;f nghUs; nrwpT cz;L.
^4& xypnahnurpdpd; kz ,ay;G rhu vz;nzapd; mt;tpay;gpYk; ghu;f;ff; FiwthFk;.
^5& xypnahnurpd;> rhu vz;nza; Mfpa ,U tiffSk; nfhjpePuhtpKiw tbg;gpd; %yk; ngwg;gLk;.
46.
fpUkpaopj;j nghjpr;nra;jypd; gpujhd ,ay;ghf miktJ>
^1& Kd; fpUkpaopj;j czitr; rhjhuz nghjpnghUspd; %yk; nghjpnra;jy;
^2& rhjhuz czTfis Kd; fpUkpaopj;j nghjpnghUspd; %yk; nghjpnra;jy;
^3& Kd; fpUkpaopj;j czit Kd; fpUkpaopj;j nghjpnghUspd; %yk; nghjpnra;jy;
^4& Kd; ghr;ru;Kiwg;gLj;jpa czit Kd; fpUkpaopj;j nghjpnghUspd; %yk; nghjpnra;jy;
^5& Kd; fpUkpaopj;j czit Kd; ghr;ru;g;gLj;jpa nghjpnghUspd; %yk; nghjpnra;jy;
47.
48.
czT cw;gj;jpg; nghUspd; Rl;Lj;Jz;by; Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;ba kpf Kf;fpa jfty;fs;
^1& tu;j;jff; Fwp> cw;gj;jp nra;j Njjp> fhyhtjpahFk; Njjp> epiw> %yg;nghUs; Mfpad.
^2& cw;gj;jp nra;j Njjp> fhyhtjpahFk; Njjp> epiw> %yg;nghUs;> tpiy Mfpad.
^3& cw;gj;jp nra;j Njjp> fhyhtjpahFk; Njjp> cw;gj;jpg; nghUspd; xspg;glk;> %yg;nghUs;> tpiy Mfpad.
^4& cw;gj;jp nra;j Njjp> fhyhtjpahFk; Njjp> epiw> tpiy> tu;j;jff; Fwp Mfpad.
^5& cw;gj;jp nra;j Njjp> fhyhtjpahFk; Njjp> epiw> tpiy> cw;gj;jpg; nghUspd; xspg;glk; Mfpad.
cztpd; epiyik rhu;e;jpUg;gJ
^1& %yg;nghUs;>
cw;gj;jpr;
nrad;Kiw>
fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;>
tpepNahf
epiyik
Mfpatw;wpyhFk;.
^2& %yg;nghUs;> cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiw> fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;> Efu;Nthu; tpUg;gk; Mfpatw;wpyhFk;.
^3& %yg;nghUs;> re;ijf; Nfs;tp> fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;> tpepNahf epiyik Mfpatw;wpyhFk;.
^4& re;ijf; Nfs;tp> Efu;Nthu;
Ritik> tpepNahfk;> cw;gj;jpr;
nrad;Kiw> epiyik
Mfpatw;wpyhFk;.
^5& cw; g j; j pr; nrad; K iw> %yg; n ghUs; > tpepNahfk; > cw; g j; j pr; nrad; K iw> epiyik Mfpatw;wpyhFk;.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 80 -
49.
50.
Nfl;Lg; gFg;gha;T mtjpf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; Gs;spj; (§Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point¶HACCP) njhFjp gw;wpa rupahd $w;iwj; njupe;njLf;f.
^1& SLS cWjpg;gLj;jy; nrad;Kiwf;F HACCP fl;lha NjitahFk;.
^2& HACCP Xu; cztpd; ru;tNjr epiyikiag; Ngz cjTfpd;wJ.
^3& HACCP epiyikf; FwpaPlhfg; gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;.
^4& HACCP fzf;fha;it Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f xNu xU mjpfhuk; ngw;w gpujpepjp ,yq;if epak epWtfk; ^SLSI) MFk;.
^5& HACCP Xu; cztpd; tu;j;jff; Nfs;tpapy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jtjpy;iy.
czT> kUe;Jr; rl;lj;jpd; rpy thrfq;fs; nry;YgbahtJ cztpd;>
^1& Rl;Lj;Jz;bly;> nghjpnra;jy;> czTf; $l;Lg;nghUs;fis ,Ljy; vd;gd njhlu;ghf MFk;.
^2& Rl;Lj;Jz;bly;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> czTf; $l;Lg;nghUs;fis ,Ljy; vd;gd njhlu;ghf MFk;.
^3& Rl;Lj;Jz;bly;> tu;j;jfk;> czTf; $l;Lg;nghUs;fis ,Ljy; vd;gd njhlu;ghf MFk;.
^4& nghjpnra;jy;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> Rl;Lj;Jz;bly; vd;gd njhlu;ghf MFk;.
^5& Rl;Lj;Jz;bly;> tu;j;jfk;> Nghf;Ftuj;J vd;gd njhlu;ghf MFk;.
***
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 81 -
17 - czTj; njhopDl;gtpay;
tpdhj;jhs;
II
A apy; vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJf.
Ú
Ú
gFjp
tpdhf;fSf;F khj;jpuk; tpil vOJf.
B , C Mfpa gFjpfs; xt;nthd;wpYkpUe;J ,U tpdhf;fs; tPjk; njupe;njLj;J ehd;F gFjp A - mikg;Gf; fl;Liu
1.
mDuhjGug; gpuNjrj;jpy; fha;fwpg; gapu;r;nra;ifia Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F cj;Njrpj;jpUf;Fk; tptrhap
xUtUf;F cupa #oy; tyaj;jpy; ftdQ;nrYj;jpf;nfhz;L cfe;j gapu;fisj; njupe;njLf;FkhW
gpuNjrj;jpd; tptrha mYtyu; mwpTWj;jpAs;shu;.
(a)
(i) 'tptrhar; #oy; tyak;" vd;gij mwpKfQ;nra;f.
(ii) Nkw;Fwpj;j tptrhag; gz;iz vt;tptrhar; #oy; tyaj;ijr; Nru;e;jJ?
(iii) ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; gpujhd kz; $l;lj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(iv) ,g;gpuNjrj;jpw;F kio Kf;fpakhff; fpilf;Fk; rpy khjq;fs; cz;L. mk;khjq;fs;
ahit?
(v) Nkw;Fwpj;j tptrhap njupe;njLf;f Ntz;ba ,U fha;fwpg; gapu;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(b) ,yq;ifapd; ,aw;if ePu;r; #ow;nwhFjpapy; gy tpjq;fs; fhzg;gLk; mNj Ntis gy;NtW
fhuzq;fspd; tpisthf mtw;wpd; epiyj;J epw;iff;F mr;RWj;jy; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
(i) ,r;#ow;nwhFjpfspd; epiyj;J epw;iff;Fg; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; ,U fhuzpfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(ii) ,r;#ow;nwhFjpfspd; Nkk;ghl;bw;fhf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,U murhq;f epWtfq;fisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(iii) xU fz;ly; #ow;nwhFjpapy; fhzj;jf;f> nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cs;s xU
jhtuj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mjd; nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij vOJf.
jhtuk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 82 -
(c)
xU ghlrhiy tptrhaf; fz;fhl;rpf;Fg; gpd;tUk; fhl;rpg;nghUs;fis Kd;itg;gjw;F ,U
khztu; FOf;fs; jahuhfpd;wd.
FO 1 - fha;fwp ehw;WNkilg; ghj;jpf; fz;fhl;rp
FO 2 - gy;NtW gjpa ,dg;ngUf;ff; fl;likg;Gf; fz;fhl;rp
(i) FO 1 gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba tpj;Jfspy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba ,U Kf;fpa ,ay;Gfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(ii) gpd;tUk; gapu;fs; xt;nthd;iwAk; ,dg;ngUf;fQ; nra;tjw;Ff; FO 2 gad;gLj;j
Ntz;ba xt;nthU ,dg;ngUf;ff; fl;likg;igf; Fwpg;gpLf.
gapu; ,dg;ngUf;ff; fl;likg;G
2. ty;yhiu
3. rpd;d ntq;fhak;
4. ghw;fpoq;F 5. ,Q;rpf; fpoq;F
1.
,Q;rp
(iii) Kisf;fr; nra;ag; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tpj;Jfspy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba ,U Kf;fpa
,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(d)
1'
2'
fz;b khtl;lj;jpNy gy;Nyfiyapy; %ypifj; Njhl;lk; fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J Vwj;jho 480 m
cauj;jpy; cs;sJ.
(i) ,k; %ypifj; Njhl;lj;jpd; fhyepiy tyaj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(ii) ,k;%ypifj; Njhl;lj;jpy; fhzj;jf;f ,U %ypiffisf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mk;%ypiffs;
xt;nthd;wpd;
Fwpg;gpLf.
,dg;ngUf;fj;jpw;Fk;
cfe;j
xt;nthU
,dg;ngUf;fg;
nghUisf;
gapu; ,dg;ngUf;fg; nghUs;
(iii) %ypiffspd; ,U ifj;njhopy; gad;ghLfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
2'
(a)
jk;Gy;y tptrhag; nghUshjhu epiyaj;jpy; tpahghup xUtu; jkJ tpahghug; gzpfis
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhfj; jw;fhyj; njhopDl;gtpay;igg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F cj;Njrpj;Js;shu;.
(i) tptrhapfSf;F toq;Ftjw;fhf tpij cUisf; fpoq;if ,wf;Fkjp nra;Ak; nghUl;Lj;
Njitahd jfty;fs; ngwg;glj;jf;f xU njhopDl;gtpaiyf; Fwpg;gpLf.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 83 -
(ii) ,jw;fhf mtu; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f ,U Njly; nghwpfisf; (search engines) Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(iii) mtu; fl;lisapl;l cUisf;fpoq;F ,Ug;gpw;fhf ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s toq;Feu;
xUtUf;Fr;
Fwpg;gpLf.
rpy
epkplq;fspy;
nfhLg;gdT
nra;tjw;fhd
cfe;j
Kiwiaf;
(iv) ,f;nfhLg;gdT Kiwapy; tpahghup vjpu;nfhs;sj;jf;f Xu; ,liuf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(v) etPd njhopDl;gtpaiyg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wikahy; ,t;tpahghupf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; xU
tpNrl mD$yj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(b) #oYld; gy;NtW fopTg; nghUs;fs; Nru;fpd;wikahy; mq;fpfsplk; ntt;NtW rpf;fy;fs;
Vw;gLfpd;wd. mf;fopTg; nghUs;fs; #oypw;Fs;Ns GFtij ,optsthf;Ftjw;Fk; #oypy;
mtw;iwg; gad;juj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; mq;fpfSf;Fj; jPq;Ffs; Vw;gLtijj;
jLg;gjw;Fk; gy;NtW Kiwapay;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
(i) gapu;r;nra;ifapy; ePu; %yq;fSld; Nruj;jf;f ,U khRgLj;jpfisf; (Pollutants) Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(ii) ,k;khRgLj;jpfspd;
tpisthf
mq;fpfSf;F
Vw;glj;jf;f
%d;W
ghjpg;Gfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
3'
(iii) #oYld; NrUk; fopTg; nghUs; Kfhikiaf; nfhz;L elj;jj;jf;f xU nraw;wpl;lj;ijf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
(iv) ,r;nraw;wpl;lj;ijj; njhlq;Fk;NghJ fUj;jpw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba ehd;F fhuzpfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
1'
2'
3'
4'
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 84 -
(c) (i) kdpjdpd; tpNrl Nghizj; Njitfs; njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; cs;s
ntw;wplq;fis epug;Gf.
Njit / gUtk;
Njitahd tpNrl Nghrizf; $W
1. fUg;g epiy
2. ghY}l;Lk; gUtk;
3. njhopy; tpisahl;L tPuu;
(ii) NkNy (i) ,y; ePu; Fwpg;gpl;l Nghrizf; $Wfs; xt;nthd;wpdJk; FiwghL fhuzkhf
kdpjdpy; fhzj;jf;f Nghrizr; rpf;fy;fs; ahit?
Nghriz
rpf;fy;
1'
2'
3'
(d) gpd;tUk;
$w;Wfs;
cz;iknadpd;>
milg;Gf;FwpfspDs;Ns ,Lf.
FwpiaAk;
ngha;nadpd;>
×
(i) Kaw;rpahsu; fl;lhak; tpahghupahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; (ii) #oy; re;ju;g;gq;fis Mf;fg+u;tkhfg; ngWjy; Kaw;rpahsupd; ,ay;ghFk;.
(iii)
(iv)
3'
√
FwpiaAk;
^
^
&
&
Njrpa tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jy; nghUshjhuj;jpy; jdpahs; kl;lj;jpyhd
Kaw;rp fhuzkhf khj;jpuk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glj;jf;f gzpahFk;. ^ &
,yq;if Nghd;w xU ehl;bw;F ciog;Gr; nrwpe;j njhopDl;gtpay;jhd; kpfg; nghUj;jkhdJ. ^ &
(a) gr;irauprp> GOq;fyuprp vd;gd vkJ ehl;by; cs;s muprpAld; njhlu;Ggl;l ,U cw;gj;jpg;
nghUs;fshFk;.
(i) gr;irauprpiaj; jahu; nra;Ak; nrad;Kiwapd; Ie;J
Fwpg;gpLf.
1' 2'
3'
4'
5' nraw;ghLfis xOq;fhff; ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(ii) gr;irauprpapypUe;J jahu; nra;aj;jf;f ,U Jiz cw;gj;jpg; nghUisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(iii) gr;irauprpapypUe;J jahu; n;ra;aj;jf;f xU Jiz cw;gj;jpg; nghUisf; Fwpg;gpLf. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(iv) muprpapy; cs;s gpujhd Nghrizf; $iwf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mjd; %yk; clypDs;Ns
eilngWk; Kf;fpa njhopiyf; $Wf.
Nghriz njhopy;
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 85 -
(b) ePUf;Fk; khg;nghUSf;FkpilNa cs;s ,ilj;jhf;fj;ijr; rpy czT cw;gj;jpg; nghUs;fspd;
epiyikiaAk; ,ay;GfisAk; Jzpag; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
(i) khg;nghUisr; nryw;wPdhf;fypd; ehd;F mbg;gilg; gbKiwfisg; gl;baw;gLj;Jf.
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(ii) czitj; jahupf;Fk;NghJ nryw;wPdhf;fy; nrad;Kiw mtjhdpf;fg;glj;jf;f %d;W
re;ju;g;gq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(iii) nryw;wPdhf;fy;
Neuk;
NrhW
rikf;Fk;
nrad;Kiwapy;
vq;qdk;
nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj;Jk;?
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(c) gy;NtW ehLfspy; kdpju;fspd; czTg; gof;fq;fs; NtWgl;ldthFk;.
(i) NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l gy;tifikf;F VJthd %d;W fhuzpfis vOJf.
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(ii) mj;jifa czTg; gof;fq;fisf; fw;gjd; %yk; ehk; ngwj;jf;f ,U gad;fis
vOJf. 1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(iii) tu;j;jfkakhf;fYld; Vw;gl;l %d;W czTg; gof;fq;fSf;F cjhuzq;fs; jUf.
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 86 -
4'
(a) jw;fhyj;jpd; epiyikfis cWjpg;gLj;jy; czTf; ifj;njhopy; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd
Njitahf cs;sJ.
(i) czT epiyikfis cWjpg;gLj;jypy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; ehd;F Nehf;fq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(ii) epiyikfs; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;l cztpd; %yk; Efu;NthUf;Fk; cw;gj;jpahsUf;Fk;
fpilf;Fk; ,U ed;ikfs; tPjk; Fwpg;gpLf. cw;gj;jpahsu;
Efu;Nthu;
1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
1'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(b) Xu; czT cw;gj;jp epWtfj;jpy; Efu;Nthu; Kiwg;ghl;L tprhuizg; gpupit elj;Jjy; mjd;
ntw;wpf;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.;
(i) re;ijapypUe;J thq;fg;gl;l Nff; Efu;NthUf;F cfe;jjhf mikahj epiyikapy;
,Uj;jy; njhlu;ghf Efu;Nthupdhy; epWtfj;jpw;Fr; nra;ag;gl;l Kiwg;ghl;il
tprhupf;Fk;NghJ me;epWtfj;jpdhy; mwpag;glNtz;ba ehd;F mbg;gil tplaq;fisf;
Fwpg;gpl;L mit xt;nthd;iwAk; ,optsthf;Ftjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f xt;Nthu;
cj;jpiaf; fhl;Lf.
tplak; cj;jp
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(c) kPd;> ,iwr;rp Mfpatw;Wld; njhlu;Ggl;l cw;gj;jpg; nghUs;fs; Efu;Nthiuf; ftUfpd;wd.
(i) gy;tifg;gl;l ,U kPd; cw;gj;jpg; nghUs;fisAk; ,U ,iwr;rp cw;gj;jpg; nghUs;fisAk;
Fwpg;gpLf. ,iwr;rp cw;gj;jpg; nghUs; kPd; cw;gj;jpg; nghUs;
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(ii) kPd;
cw;gj;jpg; nghUspdJk; ,iwr;rp cw;gj;jpg;
Nkk;gLj;jg;glj;jf;f %d;W Kiwapay;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
nghUspdJk;
MAl;fhyk;
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(iii) rpwpa kPd;fspNy mjpf mstpy; ,Uf;Fk; cldyj;jpw;F cfe;j mj;jpahtrpaf;
nfhOg;gkpyq;fspd; ,U tiffisf; Fwpg;gpLf. 1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
**
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 87 -
gFjp B
5'
^a&
^b&
^c&
6'
^a& czTj; njhopDl;gtpaypd; gad;ghLfs; ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; tpjj;ij
^b& kPd; cw;gj;jpapy; gpd;dWtil Nrjkilaj;jf;f re;ju;g;gq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mtw;iw
^c& 'jtwhd czTg; gof;fk; fhuzkhf ,yq;ifr; r%fj;jpy; gy;NtW Nghrizr; rpf;fy;fs;
fy;njkl;l vd;gJ ,yq;iff;Fupa %ypifahFk;. ,k;%ypif mopAk; mr;RWj;jYf;F
MshfpAs;sik gw;wpa jfty;fs; ntspte;Js;sd. ,j;jifa %ypiffs; mope;J Nghtjw;fhd
fhuzq;fisf; fhl;b> mtw;iwf; fhg;gjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f eltbf;iffisj; njuptpf;f.
'capu;thA cw;gj;jp #oYf;F Nerkhd eilKiwahFk;." ,f;$w;iw epWTtjw;fhd
tplaq;fis vLj;Jiuf;f.
tpahghu Kfhikr; nrad;Kiwapd; mbg;gilg; gbKiwfis tptupf;f.
tptupf;f.
,optsthf;Ftjw;fhd eilKiwia tptupf;f.
Vw;gLjtw;fhd Mgj;J cs;sJ". ,f;$w;iw tptupf;f.
7'
^a& tptrhag; gyd;jUjpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; jfty; njhopDl;gtpay; gpuNahfpf;fg;glj;jf;f
^b&
^c&
tpjj;ijf; fhl;Lf.
fhg;G Ntshz;ikapy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; ePu;f; fhg;G Kiwfis tptupf;f.
kz;zpd; Kf;fpa ngsjpf ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L> gapu;r;nra;ifapy; mtw;wpd; jhf;fj;ij
tptupf;f.
gFjp C
8'
(a) czT Ngzg;gLk; gy;NtW Nfhl;ghLfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mtw;wpy; vitNaDk; ,uz;ilj;
(b) fha;fwpfisAk; goq;fisAk; Fiwe;jgl;rj; jahu; nra;jy; nrad;Kiwf;F cl;gLj;Jk;NghJ
fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba tplaq;fisg; gl;baw;gLj;Jf.
Rfhjhug; ghJfhg;G czit cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;; nrad;Kiwapy; ey;y cw;gj;jp eilKiwapd;
(GMP) nry;thf;ifr; RUf;fkhff; fhl;Lf.
njupe;njLj;J czT cw;gj;jpiaf; nfhz;L tptupf;f.
(c)
9'
nghjpnra;jy; czitj; jahu;nra;Ak; nrad;Kiwapd; xU Kf;fpa nraw;ghlhFk;.
(a) nghjpnra;jypd; vjpu;ghu;j;j mbg;gilf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fis tptupf;f.
(b) czT cw;gj;jpg; nghUSf;fhfg; nghjpnghUisj; njupe;njLf;Fk;NghJ fUj;jpy; nfhs;s
Ntz;ba fhuzpfs; ahit?
(c) njhw;wypy;yhj (aseptic) nghjpnra;jy;> rlj;Jt thAr; #oy; epiyikfspy; nghjpnra;jy;
vd;gd ,U gpujhd nghjpnra;jy; KiwfshFk;. ,t;tpU KiwfSf;FkpilNa cs;s
xw;WikfisAk; Ntw;WikfisAk; tptupf;f.
10' (a) [hk; cw;gj;jpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rpw;wpupf;fkpyj;jpdJk; ngf;updpdJk; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij
(b)
(c)
tptupf;f.
rpwpa kPd;fisj; jpdrup czT Ntisapy; Nru;g;gjd; %yk; cldyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; nry;thf;if
tptupf;f.
czT ePufw;wypy; jpwe;j #upa xspapy; cyu;j;jy; (Open air sun drying) njhlu;ghfr; #upa
cyu;j;jiyg; (Solar drying) gad;gLj;Jtjd; mD$yq;fis tpsf;Ff.
***
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 88 -
18 - tptrhaj; njhopDl;gtpay;
tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;G
tpdhj;jhs; I - Neuk; : 2 kzpj;jpahyk;
5 njupTfs; cs;s gytpDs; njupT tpdhf;fs; 50. vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 02 Gs;spfs; tPjk; nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; 100.
tpdhj;jhs; II - Neuk; : 3 kzpj;jpahyk;
,t;tpdhj;jhs; A, B, C vd;Dk; %d;W gFjpfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
gFjp A -mikg;Gf; fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; ehd;F. vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk;
tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 100 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 400
Gs;spfs;
gFjp B -fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; %d;W. ,U tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOj
Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 150 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 300 Gs;spfs;
gFjp C -fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; %d;W. ,U tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOj
Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 150 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 300 Gs;spfs;
tpdhj;jhs; II ,w;fhd nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; = 1000 fi 10 = 100
,Wjpg; Gs;spfisf; fzpj;jy; : tpdhj;jhs; I = 100
tpdhj;jhs; II = 100
,Wjpg; Gs;sp = 200
fi 2 = 100
tpdhj;jhs; I
ftdpf;Ff
* vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJf.
* rupahd my;yJ kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupe;njLf;f (guPl;irapy; tpil vOJtjw;F gy;Nju;Tj;
jhs; toq;fg;gLk;).
1.
2.
3.
ngUk;ghyhd jhtuq;fs; gjpaKiw ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwfspd; %yk;
,dg;ngUf;fQ; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. cUtpy; fhzg;gLk; gjpaKiw ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp ,dg;ngUf;fQ; nra;aj;jf;f gapu;fs;
(1) jpuhl;ir> kpsF> ky;ypif
(2) vYkpr;ir> ,nykd;> kuKe;jpupif
(3) ky;ypif> vYkpr;ir> ntw;wpiy
(4) nrt;tuj;ij> jpuhl;ir> khkuk;
(5) ,nykd;> Nuhrh> khJis
tptrhap xUtu; jkJ taypy; gapu;r;nra;iff;fhf Ke;jpa Nghfj;jpy; gad;gLj;jpa tpij ney;ypy;
xU gFjpiag; gad;gLj;jj; jPu;khdpj;jhu;. mjpypUe;J 100 tpj;Jfs; tPjkhd %d;W khjpupfis
vOkhw;whf vLj;j mtu; mtw;iwr; Nrk;Gj; jz;bDs;Ns Nrkpj;J itj;jhu;. xU thuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;du;
Nrhjpj;jNghJ Kisj;jpUe;j tpj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;iffs; 80> 97> 78 vd mtjhdpf;fg;gLnkdpd;>
me;ney; tpj;Jfspd; Kisj;jy; rjtPjk;>
(1) 85% (2) 88%
(3) 90% (4) 92%
(5) 95%
fzpdp trjpfs; cs;s tptrhap xUtu; mt;trjpfisg; gad;gLj;jp ntspehl;by; ,Uf;Fk;
nfhs;tdthsu; xUtUld; njhlu;ghlj;jf;f njhluwh ,ilj;jhf;f ^Online interactive& Kiw
ahJ?
(1) kpd;dQ;ry; ^e - mail& (2) FWfpa nra;jpr; Nrit ^SMS&
(3) ciuahly; ^Chatting&
(4) njnyf;]; ^Telex&
(5) njhiyefy; ^Fax&
2011 ,Yk; mjd; gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 89 -
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
epyj;ijg; gz;gLj;Jk; nrad;Kiwapy; khw;wj;jpw;F cl;glhjJ>
^1& kz;zikg;G ^2& kz; ,ioaikg;G
^3& kz; fl;likg;G ^4& Njhw;w mlu;j;jp
^5& ePiu mfj;JwpQ;Rk; nfhs;ssT
xU ehw;W Nkilapy; elg;gl;l fha;fwp tpj;JfspypUe;J cz;lhfpa ehw;Wfspd; jz;Lfs; kpf
nky;ypajhfTk; caukhfTk; ntz;zpwkhfTk; ,Ue;j mNj Ntis ,iyfs; ,sk; gr;ir epwj;jpy;
,Ue;jd. ,e;epiyikapy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa fhuzk;
^1& $Ljyhd xspr; nrwpT ^2& Fiwthd xspr; nrwpT
^3& $Ljyhd ntg;gepiy ^4& Fiwthd njhlu;G <ug;gjd;
^5& $Ljyhd ntg;gepiyAk; $Ljyhd njhlu;G <ug;gjDk;
Xu; <ug;ghj;jpapypUe;J rpwpjsT kz;izf; ifapy; vLj;Jj; jpuizahf;fpaNghJ mJ eOtpr;
nry;tij khztd; xUtd; mtjhdpj;jhd;. gpd;tUk; gapu;fspy; ,g;ghj;jpapy; eLtjw;F kpfTk;
cfe;j gapu;
^1& fq;Fd; (ts;is) ^2& kpsfha;
^3& Ke;jpupif
^4& nfhapyh
^5& nts;sup
czTf; $k;gfk; vd;gJ
^1& xUtuplk; cs;s czitg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd nghUshjhu Mw;wiy vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ.
^2& xUtu; xU ehspy; cl;nfhs;Sk; cztpd; msitAk; mjpy; cs;s Nghrizf; $WfisAk;
vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ.
^3& xUtu; cl;nfhs;Sk; epiwAzT Ntisapy; cs;s Nghrizf; $WfisAk; mtw;wpd;
tpfpjj;ijAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ
^4& xUtUila jpdrupg; Nghrizj; Njitia vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ
^5& gy;NtW ,d kf;fspd; Nghrizj; Njitfis vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ.
cly; jpzpTr; Rl;b ^BMI& Jzpag;gLtJ xUtUila
^1& taJ> jpzpT Mfpatw;wpyhFk; ^2& cauk;> jpzpT Mfpatw;wpyhFk;
^3& taJ> cauk; Mfpatw;wpyhFk;
^4& Mz;-ngz; Ngjk;> jpzpT Mfpatw;wpyhFk;
^5& taJ> Mz;-ngz; Ngjk; Mfpatw;wpyhFk;.
nehjpak; my;yhj xU nray; fhuzkhf cztpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jpw;F Xu; cjhuzk;
^1& mg;gpisj; Jz;Lfshf ntl;ba Nkw;gug;gpy; eilngWk; fgpy epwkhjy;
^2& Ngf;fwp cw;gj;jpfspd; Nkw;gug;G fgpy epwkhjy;
^3& goq;fs; gOf;Fk;NghJ nkd;ikahjy;
^4& gg;ghrpf; fha;j; Jz;LfSld; ,iwr;rpiar; rikf;Fk;NghJ ,iwr;rp nkd;ikahjy;
^5& kPd; gOjilAk;NghJ nkd;ikahjy;
rikj;j czitf; FspNuw;wpapy; rpy ehl;fSf;Fr; Nrkpj;J itf;Fk;NghJ mjd; kPJ tsu;tjw;Ff;
$ba ehl;lj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;s Ez;zq;fp
^1& ];ugpNyhf;nfhf;f]; mTupa]; ^Staphylococcus aureus&'
^2& grpy]; rPupa]; ^Bacillus cereus&'
^3& Fnsh];jpupbak; Ngu;gpupd;[d;]; ^Clostridium perfringens&'
^4& ry;nkhndy;yh iugp ^Salmonella typhi&'
^5& v];nruprpah Nfhiy ^Escherichia coli&'
vd;Gf;NfhiwNeha; epiyik
$Ljyhd jhf;fk; Vw;gLk;?
^1& ghw;fl;b
^4& Nfhopapiwr;rp
Vw;gLtjpy;
gpd;tUk;
^2& ghy;
^5& gg;ghrp
vt;Tzitf;
Fiwe;jgl;rk;
EfUk;NghJ
^3& nea;j;Njhyp
2011 ,Yk; mjd; gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 90 -
12.
13.
14.
15.
Njrpar; re;ijapy; vjpu;ghuhky; ney; tpiy cau;tijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F kpfTk; rpwe;j eilKiw
^1& ,aw;iff; fhyepiy mdu;j;jq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
^2& rdj;njhif cau;tijf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
^3& gapupLk; Nghf khww;wpwid ,optsthf;fy;
^4& ghJfhj;j ney; ,Ug;igg; Ngzy;
^5& re;ijf; Nfs;tpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
Nghf;Ftuj;jpd;NghJ fha;fwpfs; CWgLk; ,lq;fSk; cilAk; ,lq;fSk; fgpy epwkhf ,Ug;gijf;
fhzyhk;. ,e;j mWtilr; Nrjq;fspy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; fhuzp
^1& ngsjpf> ,urhadf; fhuzp
^2& ngsjpf> capupay; fhuzp
^3& ,urhad> capupay; fhuzp
^4& ngsjpff; fhuzp khj;jpuk;
^5& ,urhadf; fhuzp khj;jpuk;
jhdpaq;fspdJk; gUg;G tiffspdJk; gpd;dWtil ,og;Gfis ,optsthf;Ftjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f
eltbf;if
^1& jahu; nra;tjw;Fg; ghuk;gupa Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jy;
^2& mWtil nra;jJk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;
^3& new;Wfs; gr;ir epwj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mWtil nra;jy;
^4& gioa Ngjq;fis khj;jpuk; gapupLjy;
^5& taypy; gPilr; Nrjj;ij ,optsthf;fy;
,iwr;rp cw;gj;jpg; nghUs;fspd;
,ay;igg; ghJfhj;jy; njhlu;ghd rpy
$w;Wfs; fPNo
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - tpyq;FfSf;F ey;y NghriziaAk; cj;jkr; Rw;whly; epiyikfisAk; toq;Fjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
B - Fiwe;jgl;r msT FUjp ghaj;jf;fjhf tpyq;Ffisf; nfhd;W tpiuthf ,iwr;rpiag;
ngw Ntz;Lk;
C - jahu; nra;j ,iwr;rpia cfe;jthW nghjpe;J kPf;Fspu;j;Jk; epiyikfspy; Nrkpj;J itf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wfspy; kpfr; rupahdJ/ rupahdit
^1& A khj;jpuk; ^2& B khj;jpuk;
^3& A , B Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
16. ntz; re;jdj; jhtuq;fisg; gapupLk;NghJ gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba tpNrl guhkupg;G Kiw
^1& jhtuj;jpd; NtUf;Ff; fyitg; grisiar; Nru;j;jy;
^2& jhtuj;ijr; Rw;wp Ntu; tyaj;jpd; Nkw;gug;G kz;iz vupj;jy;
^3& Nrjd tskhf;fpiaAk; ,urhad tskhf;fpiaAk; 1 : 1 tpfpjj;jpy; gpuNahfpj;jy;
^4& fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jhjpUj;jy;
^5& ,U ntz; re;jdj; jhtuq;fisf; fpl;lf; fpl;lg; gapupLjy;.
17.
kUe;Jf; fsQ;rpaj;jpy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba Kf;fpa ,ay;G/ ,ay;Gfs; ^2& <ug;gjDk; ntg;gepiyAk; ^3& <ug;gjDk; xspAk;
^5& ntg;gepiy khj;jpuk;
^1& xspAk; ntg;gepiyAk; ^4& xspAk; fhw;Nwhl;lKk;
18.
gpd;tUk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; capu;j;njhopDl;gtpay; Mjpfhyj;jpypUe;J gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
re;ju;g;gj;ijf; fhl;Lk; tpil
^1& nehjpj;jy; nrad;KiwAk; jhtu ,dtpUj;jpAk;
^2& jhtu ,dtpUj;jpAk; Fg;ig kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lKk;
^3& Ntl;iff;fhy xUKfg;gLj;jy; ,iaghf;fKk; jhtu ,dtpUj;jpAk;
^4& Fg;ig kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lKk; nehjpj;jy; nrad;KiwAk;
^5& Ntl;iff;fhy xUKfg;gLj;jy; ,iaghf;fKk; Fg;ig kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lKk;
rupahd
2011 ,Yk; mjd; gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 91 -
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
gy;NtW %yg;nghUs;fSld; njhlu;Ggl;l rpy cw;gj;jpfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
capu;j;njhopDl;gtpay; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; re;ju;g;gk;
^1& rPdp
nuhgp cw;gj;jp MFk;.
^2& ghy;
I];fpwPk; cw;gj;jp MFk;.
^3& Njq;fhnaz;nza;
rtu;f;fhu cw;gj;jp MFk;.
^4& jf;fhsp
Ritf;$l;L cw;gj;jpahFk;.
^5& jhtu/ tpyq;Ff; fopTg; nghUs;
fyitg; gris cw;gj;jpahFk;
mtw;wpy;
xU tpahghuj;jpd; ntw;wp Kfhikr; nrad;Kiw kPJ jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;. rpwe;j Kfhikr; nrad;Kiwapd;
gbKiwfs; KiwNa
^1& jpl;lkply;
kjpg;gPL
topg;gLj;jy;
xOq;fikg;G MFk;.
^2& jpl;lkply;
topg;gLj;jy;
xOq;fikg;G
kjpg;gPL MFk;.
^3& jpl;lkply;
xOq;fikg;G
topg;gLj;jy;
kjpg;gPL MFk;.
^4& jpl;lkply;
xOq;fikg;G
kjpg;gPL
topg;gLj;jy; MFk;.
^5& xOq;fikg;G
jpl;lkply;
kjpg;gPL
topg;gLj;jy; MFk;.
xU tpahghuj;jpd; cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapy;
mjpfupf;Fk;NghJ mjd; epiyahd fpuak; ^1& mjpfupf;Fk; fjpapy; mjpfupf;Fk; ^3& khwhky; ,Uf;Fk;
^5& gbg;gbahff; FiwAk;
cw;gj;jp
nra;ag;gLk;
myFfspd;
vz;zpf;if
^2& FiwAk; fjpapy; mjpfupf;Fk;;
^4& Fiwe;J gpd;du; mjpfupf;Fk;
ePu;r; #ow;nwhFjpfspd; ,Ug;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F mtw;wpd; #oy; czu;jpwd; gw;wpa mwpT
,d;wpaikahjJ. gpd;tUk; #ow;nwhFjpfspy; czu;r;rpkpf;f ,aw;if ePu;r; #ow;nwhFjp
^1& Nrw;W epykhFk; ^2& fz;ly; njhFjpahFk;
^3& ed;dPu;f; FskhFk; ^4& KUiff;fw; ghuhFk;
^5& tpy;YthFk;.
khztd; xUtd; capu;r;Rtl;L vupnghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;jpr; nraw;gLj;Jk; nghwpfspd; tpisthf
Vw;gLk; tpUk;gj;jfhj tpisTfshfg; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fisg; gl;baw;gLj;jpAs;shd;. A - tspkz;lyj;jpy; CO2 mjpfupj;jy;
B - #oypd; ntg;gepiy mjpfupj;jy;
C - fhyepiy khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLjy;
D - gad;gLj;Jgtuplk; er;R thAf;fs; gpuNtrpj;jy;
Nkw;Fwpj;j tplaq;fspy; #oYf;F Vw;gLk; tpUk;gj;jfhj tpisTfshff; fUjg;glj;jf;fd
^1& A , B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^2& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^3& A, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& A, B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& A, B, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
capu;thAg; gpwg;ghf;fpfs; njhlu;ghd rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd. A - itf;NfhYk; rhzKk; %yg;nghUs;fshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
B - njhlu;r;rpahd Kiwf;F %yg;nghUs;fs; cs;slf;fg;gLk; capu;thAg; gpwg;ghf;fpfspypUe;J
Mz;L g+uhfTk; njhlu;r;rpahf capu;thAitAk; ngwyhk;.
C - xj;j ,U capu;thAg; gpwg;ghf;fpfis mk;ghe;Njhl;il khtl;lj;jpYk; Etnuypah
khtl;lj;jpYk; mikj;jhy;> Etnuypahtpy; cs;s capu;thAg; gpwg;ghf;fpapypUe;J mjpf
msT capu;thA ngwg;gLk;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wfspy; kpfTk; rupahdJ
^1& A khj;jpuk; ^2& C khj;jpuk; ^3& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
2011 ,Yk; mjd; gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 92 -
25'
3R vz;zf;fUtpd; gpuNahfq;fspy; capu;thA cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ>
^1& kPs; gad;ghL khj;jpuk;
^2& kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lk; khj;jpuk;
^3& gad;ghL FiwjYk; kPs; gad;ghLk; khj;jpuk; ^4& kPs; gad;ghLk; kPs; Rw;Nwhl;lKk; khj;jpuk;
^5& gad;ghL FiwjYk; kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lKk; khj;jpuk;
26'
jug;gl;Ls;s tupg;glj;jpy; tifFwpf;fg;gLk; khl;L tu;f;fk; ^1& gpwprpad;'
^2& mau;\au;.
^3& rfpthy;
^4& N[u;rp
^5& fpyhup
27' ,yq;ifapd; tuz;l tyaj;jpy; fhzj;jf;f kiotPo;r;rpf; Nfhyk; ^A&" Gy; Njit ^B), Gy; tsk;
^C& Mfpatw;Wf;fpilNa cs;s njhlu;;Gilikiar; rupahf tifFwpf;Fk; tiuG ahJ@
^1&
^3&
A C
khu;r;
B
Nk
a+iy
nrg;
ent [d
A
^5&
khu;r; Nk
29'
khjk;
a+iy
nrg;
ent [d
khu;r;
A
B
khu;r;
Nk a+iy
nrg; ent'
[d
khu;r;
khjk;
khjk;
C
^4&
C
B
A
C
28'
khu;r;
khu;r; Nk
a+iy nrg;' ent' [d
C
^2&
B
A
khu;r;
Nk a+iy
nrg; ent' [d
khu;r;
khjk;
B
khu;r; khjk;
Nfhop tsu;g;gpy; zfhd;bypq; Z ^Candling& cgfuzk; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ
^1& Kl;ilapd; ,urhad mikg;igj; Jzptjw;F
^2& FQ;Rnghupf;Fk; mNj Ntis Kl;ilapd; tho;jfitr; Nrhjpg;gjw;F
^3& Kl;ilFQ;R nghupf;Fk;NghJ Njitahd Rw;whly; epiyikfisj; Jzptjw;F
^4& xU ehs; taJs;s Nfhopf;FQ;Rfspd; ,ypq;fj;ijj; Jzptjw;F
^5& FQ;Rnghupf;Fk; Kl;ilapd; Gw ,ay;Gfisr; Nrhjpg;gjw;F
gpwPrpad; tu;f;fg; gRtpd; tpe;Jr;Nru;f;iff;F kpfTk; cfe;j re;ju;;g;gk; fhkNtl;ifiaf; fhl;b
2 kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;Fg; gpd;du; 6 - 12 kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;F ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy;
12 - 18 kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;F ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy;
18 - 24 kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;F ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy;
24 kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;Fg; gpd;du;
^1&
^2&
^3&
^4&
^5&
30' gpd;tUk; g+r;rpf; $l;lq;fspilNa g+uz cUkhw;wj;ijf; fhl;Lk; g+r;rpfs; khj;jpuk; ,lk;ngWk;
$l;lj;ijj; njupe;njLf;f.
^1& jhdpaj; Jisg;ghd;> ,iyj; jj;jp> njd;id tz;L
^2& g+rpdp <> nre; njd;id tz;L> mTyf;fg;Nghuh
^3& ney; <> jj;Jf;fpsp> vgpyf;dh
^4& fgpy epw ,iyj;jj;jp> nts;is <> go <
^5& ntl;Lf;fpsp> cOthd;> Vgpl;L
2011 ,Yk; mjd; gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 93 -
31' gPilf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lr; nrad;Kiwapy; gPilnfhy;ypiag; gad;gLj;jj; njhlq;f Ntz;baJ taypy;
gPilf; Fbj;njhif
nghUshjhur; Nrj kl;lj;ijf; fhl;bYk; $Ljyhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ
nghUshjhuj; njhlf;f kl;lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ
nghUshjhuj; njhlf;f kl;lj;ijf; fhl;bYk; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ
mtjhdpg;Gr; nra;Ak; re;ju;g;gj;jpd;NghJ vt;thwhapDk; gapu;fis el;lTld;
^1&
^2&
^3&
^4&
^5&
32' new; nra;ifapd; capupay; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;glj;jf;f g+r;rp
^1& jj;Jf;fpsp ^2&NjdP ^3& Jk;gp ^4& nts;is < ^5& cOthd;
33' jhtuq;fisg; gPbf;Fk; rpy Neha;fSk; Neha;f; fhuzq;fSk; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd. xt;nthU
Neha;f;Fk; cupa Neha;f; fhuzpiar; rupahff; fhl;Lk; tpiliaj; njupT nra;f.
^2& jf;fhsp mb mOfy; - gw;wPupah
^4& ney; nrbnaupf;Fk; Neha; - ituR
^1& ful;L nky;yOfy; - gq;fR ^3& grsp Ntu;f; fZ Neha; - nekw;NwhL ^5& ntz;b ,iy gd;dpwg;gL Neha; - gq;fR
34' 15 Ngu;r; rkntspf; fhzpj; Jz;L xd;wpy; tPl;Lld; xU rpwpa Njhl;lj;ijAk; mikg;gjw;F efu;g;
gpuNjrk; xd;wpy; tjpgtu; xUtu; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;whu;. mtUf;F kpfg; nghUj;jkhd Njhl;l tif
^1& fw;g+q;fh ^2&Foe;ijj; Njhl;lk; ^3&ag;ghd; Njhl;lk;
^4& Qhgfhu;j;jj; Njhl;lk; ^5&ePu;j; Njhl;;lk;
35'
Njhl;l mikg;Gj; jpl;lj;ijj; jahupf;Fk;NghJ fl;lhak; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba xU tplak;
^1& epyj;jpy; jw;NghJ ,Uf;Fk; Njhl;l mk;rq;fs;
^2& Nritiag; ngWgtu;fspd; NjitfSk; Nehf;fq;fSk;
^3& maytu;fs; rk;ge;jkhdit
^4& fhyepiyf; fhuzpfs; rk;ge;jkhdit
^5& epyj;jpd; tbfhyikg;G
36' Vw;Wkjpf;fhf Ntu;tpl;l g+f;fisAk; myq;fhu ,iyj;njhFjpj; jhtuq;fisAk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gapu; Clfk; njhlu;ghd rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - vg;NghJk; Clfj;jpd; Nghriz epiyikiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
B - ePiuAk; tspiaAk; rkepiyapy; NgZtjw;fhd Mw;wy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
C - vg;NghJk; ,aw;ifg; nghUs;fisf; fye;J jahupf;fg;gLk; Clfkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
D - fpUkpaopf;fg;gl;l Clfj;ij khj;jpuk; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;
E - Clfj;jpd; %yk; guTk; Neha;fSk; g+r;rpr; Nrjq;fSk; ,y;yhjpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,tw;wpy; kpfr; rupahd tpalq;fs; ,lk;ngWk; tpilahf miktJ
^1& A, B, C Mfpad ^4& B, D, E Mfpad ^2& A, D, E Mfpad ^5& C, D, E Mfpad
^3& B, C, D Mfpad
37' ,yq;ifapd; jw;fhy tptrhak; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; Rw;whly; Nrjj;ij ,optsthf;Ftjw;F
cjtj;jf;f nraw;ghL
^1& cau; mWtilg; Ngjq;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;
^3& ghuk;gupa Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jy; ^5& ghJfhj;j ,y;yj;jpy; gapupLjy;
^2& nghwpkakhf;fy;
^4& xd;wpize;j gPilf; fl;Lg;ghL 2011 ,Yk; mjd; gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 94 -
38' mbg;gil epyg; gz;gLj;Jif gw;wpa rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - tpj;Jfis my;yJ nrbfis taypy; eLtjw;F Kd;ghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; epyg; gz;gLj;Jifg; gzpfs; mbg;gilg; gz;gLj;Jiff;F cupadthFk;.
B - nuhl;lNtw;wUk; Rtp]; N`htTk; mbg;gil epyg; gz;gLj;Jif cgfuzq;fshFk;.
C - mbg;gil epyg; gz;gLj;Jifapd; tpisthf kz;zpd; fl;likg;G Nkk;gLfpd;wJ.
,tw;Ws; rupahdJ/ rupahdit
^1& A khj;jpuk; ^2& B khj;jpuk;
^3& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
39'
gapiuj; jhgpj;jYld; njhlu;Ggl;l gpd;tUk; $w;WfspilNa rupahdJ ahJ@
^1& gapiuj; jhgpf;Fk;NghJ kz; Rw;whlypy; ftdj;ijr; nrYj;jy; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
^2& kpfTk; ntw;wpfukhd NgWfisg; gjpag; gFjpfspypUe;jd;wp tpj;Jfisj; jhgpg;gjpypUe;J ngwyhk;.
^3& gapu;fisj; jhgpf;Fk;NghJ xj;j nrbf; Fbj;njhifiag; ngWjy; Nehf;fkhf ,Uf;fpd;w NghjpYk; nrbfspy; xj;j tsu;r;rp vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
^4& Ntu;j; jz;Lf;fpoq;F> jz;Lf;fpoq;F> Fkpo;> Fkpok; Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; gapu;fisj; jhgpf;f KbahJ.
^5& jiug; gapu;r; nra;ifapy; gapu;fisj; jhgp;g;gjw;F N[hd; gps;is tpijg;ghd; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
40' ePu;g;ghrdj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ikaePf;f ePu;g; gk;gp gpd;tUk; vt;tiff;FupaJ@
^1& Neuplg;ngau;r;rp ^2& mr;rirT
^3& khWk; ,lg;ngau;r;rp
^4& Kry tif ^5& fpau; tif
41' tptrha tpahghup xUtu; Vw;Wkjpf;fhf ];Nuhgupr; nra;ifiaj; njhlq;Ftjw;F cj;Njrpj;Js;shu;.
,jw;fhf xU ghJfhj;j ,y;yj;jpy; ePu;Ntshz;ik Kiwiaj; njupe;njLj;jhu;.
njupe;njLj;jikahy; mtUf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; gpujp$yq;fs; gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; ahit@
A - mjpf %yjdj;ijr; nrytpLjy;
B - njhopDl;gtpay; mwpT Njitg;gLjy;
C - gPilr; Nrjq;fSf;F cl;gLk; ,lu; ,Uj;jy;
D - Rit Fiwe;j ];Nuhngupg; goq;fs; cz;lhjy;
^1& A , B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^2& C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^3& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^4& B, C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& A, C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
,jidj;
42' ePu;Ntshz;ikf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;glj;jf;f mNrjd ,aw;ifj; jpz;k Clfk;
^1& kuj;J}s; ^2& guy; ^3& Ngisw;W
^4& Kw;wh epyf;fup ^5& nuhf;t+y;
43' ,ioa tsu;g;G njhlq;fg;gl;Lr; rpy ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd;du; Foha; epiyikapy; ,Uf;Fk; fjpu;
njhlf;f tbtj;ijr; Rw;wpf; fUik epwg; gq;fR tsu;e;jpUf;ff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,e;epiyikf;Ff;
fhuzk;
A - Clfk; ed;whff; fpUkpaopf;fg;gl;buhik
B - fjpu; njhlf;f tbtj;ij ed;whff; fpUkpaopf;fg;gbuhik
C - mlu; gha;r;ry; Ngio ed;whfr;; nraw;glhik
D - cgfuzk; ed;whff; fpUkpaopf;fg;gl;buhik
Nkw;Fwpj;j fhuzq;fspy; rupahdit
^1& A , B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^2& B, C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^3& A , C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^4& A , B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^5& A , B, C, D Mfpa vy;yhk;
2011 ,Yk; mjd; gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 95 -
44' rupthd taypy; gapu;r;nra;ifia Nkw;nfhs;sSk;NghJ gpuNahfpf;f Ntz;ba nghwpKiw kz;fhg;G
Kiw
^1& kz;iz %Ljy; ^3& gbKiwia Vw;gLj;jy;
^5& kz;izg; Gul;Ljy;
^2&
^4&
rupahf epyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;
SALT Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jy; 45' tpidj;jpwikAld; tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jy; gw;wpa rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - gapupdJk; kz;zpdJk; Njitiaf; fUjpg; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; tskhf;fpapd; msitj;
Jzpa Ntz;Lk;.
B - ,urhad tskhf;fpAld; Nrjd tskhf;fpiaf; fye;J gpuNahfpg;gjdhy; kz;zpd;
Nghrizr; rj;J Nrjkiltijf;; Fiwf;fyhk;.
C - tskhf;fpiag; gpuNahfpj;j gpd;du; ePiu ,Lk;NghJ Nghrizr; rj;J fOtg;gLfpd;wikahy;
kz;iz cyu;thf itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,tw;wpy; kpfr; rupahdJ/ rupahdit
^1& A , B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^2& A , C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^3& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& A khj;jpuk; ^5& B khj;jpuk;
46' xU Fwpj;j taypy; Nrhsj; jhtuq;fspd; tsu;r;rpapy; FiwTk; mtw;wpy; Kjpu;e;j jhtu ,iyfspd;
47'
Xuq;fs; Rlg;gl;l ,ay;igf; nfhz;Lk; ,Ug;gij mtjhdpf;fj;jf;fjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;epiyikiaj;
jtpu;g;gjw;Fr; nra;a Ntz;baJ>
^1& N cs;s fyitiag; gpuNahfpj;jy;;. ^2& P cs;s fyitiag; gpuNahfpj;jy;.
^3& K cs;s fyitiag; gpuNahfpj;jy;. ^4& Mg cs;s fyitiag; gpuNahfpj;jy;
^5& gq;fRnfhy;ypiag; gpuNahfpj;jy;
ePu; epug;gg;gl;l fspkz; epyj;jpy; cs;s fplq;if mikg;gjd; %yKk; gapu;fSf;F ePu;ghrdk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ,k;Kiwiag; gpuNahfpg;gjw;F kpfg; nghUj;jkhd gapu;
^1& nfsgP ^2& md;dhrp ^3& ,Q;rp
^4& g+rpdp ^5& ghfy;
48' gp;d;tUtd ePu; Kfhikj;Jtj;Jld; njhlu;Ggl;l rpy $w;WfshFk;
A - Ml;Brpa ePu;j; Njf;fj;jpy; ePu; cau; mKf;fj;jpy; kwpj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ
B - Jsp ePu;g;ghrdj; njhFjpapy; ePupd; mKf;fk; njspg;G ePu;g;ghrdj; njhFjpapYk; ghu;f;f
cau;e;j ngWkhdj;ij vLf;fpd;wJ.
C - kio ePu;j; jhq;fpfisr; #upanthsp tpohjthW itj;jy; cfe;jJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;WfspilNa kpfr; rupahdJ/ rupahdit
^1& A , B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^2& A , C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^3& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& A khj;jpuk;' ^5& B khj;jpuk;
49' tptrhap xUtUf;Fj; Jsp ePu;g;ghrdj; njhFjpapd; gpd;tUk; gFjpfisf; Nfhf;f Ntz;ba Njit
Vw;gl;lJ. A - gpujhd ePu;f; fl;Lg;ghl;L myF
B - gf;ff; Foha;j; njhFjp
C - gpujhd> cggpujhd Foha;j; njhFjp
D - ePu;g; gk;gp
E - nrhl;bLthd; ^Dripper& ePu; %yj;jpypUe;J gapu;tiuf;Fk; ,g;gFjpfs; Nfhf;fg;gl Ntz;ba xOq;FKiw ahJ@
^1& A B C D E ^2& D A C E B ^3& A D C B E ^4& D A C B E ^5& A D E C B
50' nts;is ,iwr;rp ^white meat& tupirf;Fupa ,iwr;rp tif ^1& khl;biwr;rp ^2& Ml;biwr;rp ^3&
^4& Nfhopapiwr;rp ^5& gd;wpapiwr;rp
nrk;kwpahl;biwr;rp
***
2011 ,Yk; mjd; gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f.ngh.j (c.ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 96 -
18 - tptrhaj; njhopDl;gtpay;
tpdhj;jhs;
II
A apy; vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJf.
Ú
Ú
gFjp
tpdhf;fSf;F khj;jpuk; tpil vOJf.
B, C Mfpa gFjpfs; xt;nthd;wpYkpUe;J ,U tpdhf;fs; tPjk; njupe;njLj;J ehd;F gFjp A - mikg;Gf; fl;Liu
1.
mDuhjGug; gpuNjrj;jpy; fha;fwpg; gapu;r;nra;ifia Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F cj;Njrpj;jpUf;Fk; tptrhap
xUtUf;F cupa #oy; tyaj;jpy; ftdQ;nrYj;jpf;nfhz;L cfe;j gapu;fisj; njupe;njLf;FkhW
gpuNjrj;jpd; tptrha mYtyu; mwpTWj;jpAs;shu;.
(a)
(i) 'tptrhar; #oy; tyak;" vd;gij mwpKfQ;nra;f.
(ii) Nkw;Fwpj;j tptrhag; gz;iz vt;tptrhar; #oy; tyaj;ijr; Nru;e;jJ?
(iii) ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; gpujhd kz; $l;lj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(iv) ,g;gpuNjrj;jpw;F kio Kf;fpakhff; fpilf;Fk; rpy khjq;fs; cz;L. mk;khjq;fs;
ahit?
(v) Nkw;Fwpj;j tptrhap njupe;njLf;f Ntz;ba ,U fha;fwpg; gapu;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(b) ,yq;ifapd; ,aw;if ePu;r; #ow;nwhFjpapy; gy tpjq;fs; fhzg;gLk; mNj Ntis gy;NtW
fhuzq;fspd; tpisthf mtw;wpd; epiyj;J epw;iff;F mr;RWj;jy; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
(i) ,r;#ow;nwhFjpfspd; epiyj;J epw;iff;Fg; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; ,U fhuzpfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(ii) ,r;#ow;nwhFjpfspd; Nkk;ghl;bw;fhf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,U murhq;f epWtfq;fisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(iii) xU fz;ly; #ow;nwhFjpapy; fhzj;jf;f> nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cs;s xU
jhtuj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mjd; nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij vOJf.
jhtuk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 97 -
(c)
xU ghlrhiy tptrhaf; fz;fhl;rpf;Fg; gpd;tUk; fhl;rpg;nghUs;fis Kd;itg;gjw;F ,U
khztu; FOf;fs; jahuhfpd;wd.
FO 1 - fha;fwp ehw;WNkilg; ghj;jpf; fz;fhl;rp
FO 2 - gy;NtW gjpa ,dg;ngUf;ff; fl;likg;Gf; fz;fhl;rp
(i) FO 1 gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba tpj;Jfspy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba ,U Kf;fpa ,ay;Gfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(ii) gpd;tUk; gapu;fs; xt;nthd;iwAk; ,dg;ngUf;fQ; nra;tjw;Ff; FO 2 gad;gLj;j
Ntz;ba xt;nthU ,dg;ngUf;ff; fl;likg;igf; Fwpg;gpLf.
gapu; ,dg;ngUf;ff; fl;likg;G
2. ty;yhiu
3. rpd;d ntq;fhak;
4. ghw;fpoq;F 5. ,Q;rpf; fpoq;F
1.
,Q;rp
(iii) Kisf;fr; nra;ag; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tpj;Jfspy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba ,U Kf;fpa
,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(d)
1'
2'
fz;b khtl;lj;jpNy gy;Nyfiyapy; %ypifj; Njhl;lk; fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J Vwj;jho 480 m
cauj;jpy; cs;sJ.
(i) ,k;%ypifj; Njhl;lj;jpd; fhyepiy tyaj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(ii) ,k;%ypifj; Njhl;lj;jpy; fhzj;jf;f ,U %ypiffisf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mk;%ypiffs;
xt;nthd;wpd; ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpw;Fk; cfe;j xt;nthU ,dg;ngUf;fg; nghUisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
gapu; ,dg;ngUf;fg; nghUs;
(iii) %ypiffspd; ,U ifj;njhopy; gad;ghLfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
2'
(a)
jk;Gy;y tptrhag; nghUshjhu epiyaj;jpy; tpahghup xUtu; jkJ tpahghug; gzpfis
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhfj; jw;fhyj; njhopDl;gtpay;igg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F cj;Njrpj;Js;shu;.
(i) tptrhapfSf;F toq;Ftjw;fhf tpij cUisf; fpoq;if ,wf;Fkjp nra;Ak; nghUl;Lj;
Njitahd jfty;fs; ngwg;glj;jf;f xU njhopDl;gtpaiyf; Fwpg;gpLf.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 98 -
(ii) ,jw;fhf mtu; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f ,U Njly; nghwpfisf; (search engines) Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(iii) mtu; fl;lisapl;l cUisf;fpoq;F ,Ug;gpw;fhf ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s toq;Feu;
xUtUf;Fr;
Fwpg;gpLf.
rpy
epkplq;fspy;
nfhLg;gdT
nra;tjw;fhd
cfe;j
Kiwiaf;
(iv) ,f;nfhLg;gdT Kiwapy; tpahghup vjpu;nfhs;sj;jf;f Xu; ,liuf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(v) etPd njhopDl;gtpaiyg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wikahy; ,t;tpahghupf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; xU
tpNrl mD$yj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(b) #oYld; gy;NtW fopTg; nghUs;fs; Nru;fpd;wikahy; mq;fpfsplk; ntt;NtW rpf;fy;fs;
Vw;gLfpd;wd. mf;fopTg; nghUs;fs; #oypw;Fs;Ns GFtij ,optsthf;Ftjw;Fk; #oypy;
mtw;iwg; gad;juj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; mq;fpfSf;Fj; jPq;Ffs; Vw;gLtijj;
jLg;gjw;Fk; gy;NtW Kiwapay;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
(i) gapu;r;nra;ifapy; ePu; %yq;fSld; Nruj;jf;f ,U khRgLj;jpfisf; (Pollutants) Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(ii) ,k;khRgLj;jpfspd;
tpisthf
mq;fpfSf;F
Vw;glj;jf;f
%d;W
ghjpg;Gfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
3'
(iii) #oYld; NrUk; fopTg; nghUs; Kfhikiaf; nfhz;L elj;jj;jf;f xU nraw;wpl;lj;ijf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
(iv) ,r;nraw;wpl;lj;ijj; njhlq;Fk;NghJ fUj;jpw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba ehd;F fhuzpfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
1'
2'
3'
4'
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 99 -
(c) (i) kdpjdpd; tpNrl Nghrizj; Njitfs; njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; cs;s
ntw;wplq;fis epug;Gf.
Njit / gUtk;
Njitahd tpNrl Nghrizf; $W
1. fUg;g epiy
2. ghY}l;Lk; gUtk;
3. njhopy; tpisahl;L tPuu;
(ii) NkNy (i) ,y; ePu; Fwpg;gpl;l Nghrizf; $Wfs; xt;nthd;wpdJk; FiwghL fhuzkhf
kdpjdpy; fhzj;jf;f Nghrizr; rpf;fy;fs; ahit?
Nghriz
rpf;fy;
1'
2'
3'
(d) gpd;tUk;
√
$w;Wfs;
cz;iknadpd;>
milg;Gf;FwpfspDs;Ns ,Lf.
ngha;nadpd;>
×
(i) Kaw;rpahsu; fl;lhak; tpahghupahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; (ii) #oy; re;ju;g;gq;fis Mf;fg+u;tkhfg; ngWjy; Kaw;rpahsupd; ,ay;ghFk;.
(iii)
(iv)
3'
FwpiaAk;
FwpiaAk;
^
^
&
&
Njrpa tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jy; nghUshjhuj;jpy; jdpahs; kl;lj;jpyhd
Kaw;rp fhuzkhf khj;jpuk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glj;jf;f gzpahFk;. ^ &
,yq;if Nghd;w xU ehl;bw;F ciog;Gr; nrwpe;j njhopDl;gtpay;jhd; kpfg; nghUj;jkhdJ. ^ &
(a) jho;ehl;L <utyaj;jpy; tjpAk;> ghuk;gupa tptrhag; gapu;r;nra;ifapy; <LgLk; tptrhap
xUtu; tpahghu kl;lj;jpy; ntl;ba g+> myq;fhu ,iyj;njhFjpj; jhtur; nra;ifiaj;
njhlf;Ftjw;F cj;Njrpj;jhu;
^⁄& ntw;wpfukhf ntl;ba g+> myq;fhu ,iyj;njhFjpj; jhtur; nra;ifiaj; njhlf;Ftjw;F
mtu; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba %d;W fhuzpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
3'
^⁄⁄& ,g;Gjpa nra;iff;F topg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; mtUf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; ,U mD$yq;fisf;
fhl;Lf.
1'
2'
^⁄⁄⁄& ,t;tptrhap gapupLtjw;F cfe;j ,U tif ntl;Lg; g+f;fisAk; ,U myq;fhu
,iyj;njhFjpj; jhtuq;fisAk; njuptpf;f.
1'
2'
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
ntl;ba g+ tif
myq;fhu ,iyj;njhFjpj; jhtuk;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 100 -
(b) rhbapyplg;gl;l Xu; me;J}upaj; jhtuk; cUtpy;; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ
D
C
B
A
^⁄&
A, B, C, D vd;Dk; gFjpfisg; ngaupl;L mit xt;nthd;wpdJk; xU gad; tPjk; vOJf.
A
B
C
D
-
-
-
-
gFjp
gad;
^⁄⁄& me;J}upag; g+f;fs; mWtil nra;ag;gLk;NghJ fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba %d;W
tplaq;fisf; fhl;Lf.
1'
2'
3'
(c) tptrhap xUtu; jkJ kpsfha;r; nra;iff;Ff; fpilf;Fk; tiuWj;j ePupd; msit ed;whf
Kfhkpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,J njhlu;ghf mtu; ckJ MNyhridfis Ntz;Lfpwhnudf;
nfhs;f.
^⁄& mtUila gapu;r; nra;iff;F ePu;g;ghrdj;ij Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F cfe;j re;ju;g;gk; gw;wpj;
jPu;khdpf;fg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f xU Kiwiaf; Fwpg;gpLf
^⁄⁄& ,g;gapu;r; nra;ifapypUe;J ePu; mfw;wg;gLk;
,U Kiwfisf; fhl;Lf
1'
2'
^⁄⁄⁄& gapupLk; taypw;Ff; fpilf;Fk; ePiuf; fhf;fj;jf;f ,U Kiwfisj; njuptpf;f
1'
2'
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 101 -
(d) #oy; Nerkhfg; Ngzg;gLk; new;nra;if tay; xd;wpy; gpd;tUk; gapu;f; fhg;G cj;jpfs;
gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; tpjk; fhzg;gl;lJ.
A - ePu;f;Foha;
B - ,utpy; taypw;F mUfpy; nfhSj;jpa ge;jk;
C - taypy; ,ilapilNa elg;gl;l njd;dk; Fw;wpfs;
D - Fq;fpypaKk; gyhf;fha;g; gprpDk; g+rg;gl;l fapWfis new;gapu;fSf;Ff; FWf;Nf ,Oj;Jf;nfhz;L nry;yy;
^⁄&
Nkw;Fwpj;j cj;jpfspd; %yk; gPilfs; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
A
B
C
D
^⁄⁄& Nkw;Fwpj;j taypy; ntw;wpfukhd gPilf; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fg; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f ,U tptrha
Kiwfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
4'
1'
2'
(a) gpd;tUk; cUtpy; gR fUg;ge;jupf;fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xU njhopDl;gtpay; El;gKiw
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
^⁄&
,k;Kiwiaf; Fwpg;gpLf.
^⁄⁄& ghw;gRf;fs; fhl;Lk; %d;W Ntl;if ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf
1'
2'
3'
(b) gpau;rd; ehw;gf;fy; Kiwf;Nfw;g ney; jtpl;ilAk; ^gz;gLj;jhg; Gujk; 12]& Njq;fha;g;
gpz;zhf;ifAk; ^gz;gLj;jhg; Gujk; 20]& gad;;gLj;jpg; gz;gLj;jhg; Gujk; 18] MfTs;s
Xu; czTf; fyitiaf; fzpg;gjd; gbKiwfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mjpy; cs;s
ntw;wplq;fis epug;Gf. 2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 102 -
muprpj; jtpL
12]
'''''''''' } muprpj; jtpl;bd; msT } '''''''''']
18
'''''''''' } Njq;fha;g; gpz;zhf;fpd;
} '''''''''']
msT Njq;fha;g;
gpz;zhf;F
} '''''''''''''''''
Kiw ePu;Ntshz;ik MFk;. mjw;fhfj; jpz;k Clfq;fis my;yJ jput Clfq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jyhk;.
^⁄&
^a& ePu;Ntshz;ikapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,U jput Clfg; gapupLk; Kiwfisf; 1'
2'
,U tsu;g;G Clfq;fis vOJf.
1'
2'
^⁄⁄& Ez;
,dg;ngUf;fk;
vd;gJ
tptrhaj;jpy;
mjpf
mstpy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
xU njhopDl;gtpay; KiwahFk;. gad;gLj;jg;gLk; jhtug; gFjpf;Nfw;g Ez;
,dg;ngUf;fj;jpd; gy;NtW tiffs; cs;sd. Ez; ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpd; ,U gpujhd
tpjq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
Fwpg;gpLf.
^b& xU jpz;k Clfg; gapupLk; Kiwap;y; gapupLk; nghUshfg; gad;gLj;jg;glj;jf;f nkhj;jk;
(c) kz;zpy; gapupLk;NghJ vOk; vy;iyg;gl;l fhuzpfis ePf;fg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f xU khw;W
20]
1'
2'
^⁄⁄⁄& ,ioa tsu;g;gpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gpd;tUk; cgfuzq;fspd; xU njhopy; tPjk; vOJf.
cgfuzk;
1' mKf;fr; rikaw;fUtp 2' tspNahl;lr; rpw;wiw 2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
njhopy;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 103 -
(d) gapu;r;nra;ifapy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
C
epyj;ijg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
Xu;
cgfuzk;
cUtpy;
B
gz;gLj;jg;
A
^⁄&
,t;Tgfuzj;jpd; ngau; ahJ?
^⁄⁄&
,q;F A , B, C Mfpa gFjpfisg; ngaupLf.
A -
B -
C -
^⁄⁄⁄& epyg; gz;gLj;Jifapd; ve;jf; fl;lj;jpy; ,t;Tgfuzk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ@
^⁄¤& epyg;
gz;gLj;Jiff;F
,t;Tgfuzj;ijg;
gad;gLj;Jtjd;
,U
Nehf;fq;fis
vOJf'
1'
2'
gz;gLj;Jiff;F ,t;Tgfuzj;jpw;Fg;
cgfuzj;jpd; ngaiu vOJf.
^¤& epyg;
gjpyhfg;
gad;gLj;jj;jf;f
NtNwhu;
**
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 104 -
gFjp B
5'
^a&
^b&
^c&
6'
^a& czTj; njhopDl;gtpaypd; gad;ghLfs; ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; tpjj;ij
fy;njkl;l vd;gJ ,yq;iff;Fupa %ypifahFk;. ,k;%ypif mopAk; mr;RWj;jYf;F
MshfpAs;sik gw;wpa jfty;fs; ntspte;Js;sd. ,j;jifa %ypiffs; mope;J Nghtjw;fhd
fhuzq;fisf; fhl;b> mtw;iwf; fhg;gjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f eltbf;iffisj; njuptpf;f.
'capu;thA cw;gj;jp #oYf;F Nerkhd eilKiwahFk;." ,f;$w;iw epWTtjw;fhd
tplaq;fis vLj;Jiuf;f.
tpahghu Kfhikr; nrad;Kiwapd; mbg;gilg; gbKiwfis tptupf;f.
tptupf;f.
kPd; cw;gj;jpapy; gpd;dWtil Nrjkilaj;jf;f re;ju;g;gq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mtw;iw
,optsthf;Ftjw;fhd eilKiwia tptupf;f.
'jtwhd czTg; gof;fk; fhuzkhf ,yq;ifr; r%fj;jpy; gy;NtW Nghrizr; rpf;fy;fs;
Vw;gLjtw;fhd Mgj;J cs;sJ" ,f;$w;iw tptupf;f.
^b&
^c&
7'
^a& tptrhag; gyd;jUjpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; jfty; njhopDl;gtpay; gpuNahfpf;fg;glj;jf;f
^b&
^c&
tpjj;ijf; fhl;Lf.
fhg;G Ntshz;ikapy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; ePu;f; fhg;G Kiwfis tptupf;f.
kz;zpd; Kf;fpa ngsjpf ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L> gapu;r;nra;ifapy; mtw;wpd; jhf;fj;ij
tptupf;f.
gFjp C
8'
^a& cyu;tya ehw;WNkilahsu; xUtu; tpw;gidf;nfd kpsfha; ehw;W Nkilia mikg;gjw;F
cj;Njrpj;Js;shu;. ,jw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd ehw;WNkil tif ahJ?
rdj;njhif mjpfupg;Gf; fhuzkhf mbg;gilj; Njitfis <Lnra;tjpy; gpur;rpid
vOe;Js;sJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; epakkpy; Kiwapy; fl;ll epUkhzq;fSk;
gapu;r;nra;iffSk; Muk;gpf;fg;gLtijf; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. Kiwaw;w epyg;gad;ghL
kz;tsk; Fd;wYf;Ff; fhuzkhf mikfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd kz;tsk; Fd;wypdhy; Vw;gLk;
#oypaw; gpur;rpidfis tptupf;Ff.
MSif epge;jidfspd; fPo; jf;fhspr; nra;ifiag; guhkupf;Fk; tpjj;ij tptupf;f.
^b&
^c&
9'
^a& kz; mkpyj;jd;ikia milAk;NghJ gapu;r;nra;iff;Fg; gy;NtW gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gLk;. kz;
^b&
^c&
mkpyj;jd;ikapd; ghjfkhd tpisTfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L mkpy kz;izj; jpUj;jpaikf;Fk;
Kiwia tpsf;Ff.
§,ioa tsu;g;G %yk; ngwg;gl;l Neha;j; njhw;Wjyw;w jhtunkd cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;L
tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;l thioapy; nfhj;JKid Neha; Vw;gl;lJ.¶ NkNy jug;gl;Ls;sJ gj;jpupifapy; ntspte;j fl;Liuapd; ghfkhFk;. §,ioa tsu;g;G %ykhf
MNuhf;fpakhd ehw;Wf;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk; vDk; $w;iw cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F
cupa tplaq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L taypy; mj;jhtuk; Neha;f;Fupa mwpFwpfisf; fhl;Lnkdpy;
mjw;Fupa fhuzq;fis tptupf;Ff. ¶
militf;fg; nghUj;jkhd Kl;ilfisj; njupT nra;Ak;NghJ ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl
Ntz;ba fhuzpfis tptupf;Ff.
10' ^a& tptrhap
^b&
^c&
xUtu; jdJ Njhl;lj;jpy; Mf;fpukpg;Gf;fisahd mypNfw;wu; (Alligator)
tsu;e;jpUg;gijf; fz;lhu;. ,tw;wpdhy; gapu;r;nra;iff;F Vw;glj;jf;f ghjpg;Gf;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L
mtw;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f gy;NtW Kiwfis gpNuupf;f
cyu;tyaj;jpy; kfhtyp ePiug; gad;gLj;jp 2 n`f;Nuau; gug;gstpy; kpsfha;r; nra;ifia;
Nkw;nfhs;sg; nghUj;jkhd ePu;g;ghrd Kiwiag; ngaupl;L mk;Kiwiaj; njupT nra;jikf;fhd
fhuzj;ij tpsf;Ff
cyu; tyaj;jpy; jf;fhspr; nra;iff;nfdj; Jizg;gz;gLj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;sg; nghUj;jkhd
cgfuzq;fisg; ngaupl;L Jizg;gz;gLj;jypd; Nehf;fq;fis tptupf;f.
* * *
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 105 -
19 - capu;tsj; njhopDl;gtpay;
tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;G
tpdhj;jhs; I - Neuk; : 2 kzpj;jpahyk;
5 njupTfs; cs;s gytpDs; njupT tpdhf;fs; 50. vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 02 Gs;spfs; tPjk; nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; 100.
tpdhj;jhs; II - Neuk; : 3 kzpj;jpahyk;
,t;tpdhj;jhs; A, B, C vd;Dk; %d;W gFjpfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
gFjp A -mikg;Gf; fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; ehd;F. vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk;
tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 100 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 400
Gs;spfs;
gFjp B -fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; %d;W. ,U tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOj
Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 150 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 300 Gs;spfs;
gFjp C -fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs; %d;W. ,U tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOj
Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 150 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 300 Gs;spfs;
tpdhj;jhs; II ,w;fhd nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; = 1000 fi 10 = 100
,Wjpg; Gs;spfisf; fzpj;jy; : tpdhj;jhs; I = 100
tpdhj;jhs; II = 100
,Wjpg; Gs;sp = 200
fi 2 = 100
tpdhj;jhs; I
ftdpf;Ff
* vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJf.
* rupahd my;yJ kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupe;njLf;f (guPl;irapy; tpil vOJtjw;F gytpDs;
njupTj; jhs; toq;fg;gLk;).
1.
2.
3.
ngUk;ghyhd jhtuq;fs; gjpaKiw ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwfspd; %yk;
,dg;ngUf;fQ; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. cUtpy; fhzg;gLk; gjpaKiw ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp ,dg;ngUf;fQ; nra;aj;jf;f gapu;fs;
(1) jpuhl;ir> kpsF> ky;ypif
(2) vYkpr;ir> ,nykd;> kuKe;jpupif
(3) ky;ypif> vYkpr;ir> ntw;wpiy
(4) nrt;tuj;ij> jpuhl;ir> khkuk;
(5) ,nykd;> Nuhrh> khJis
tptrhap xUtu; jkJ taypy; gapu;r;nra;iff;fhf Ke;jpa Nghfj;jpy; gad;gLj;jpa tpij ney;ypd;
xU gFjpiag; gad;gLj;jj; jPu;khdpj;jhu;. mjpypUe;J 100 tpj;Jfs; tPjkhd %d;W khjpupfis
vOkhw;whf vLj;j mtu; mtw;iwr; Nrk;Gj; jz;bDs;Ns Nrkpj;J itj;jhu;. xU thuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;du;
Nrhjpj;jNghJ Kisj;jpUe;j tpj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;iffs; 80> 97> 78 vd mtjhdpf;fg;gLnkdpd;>
me;ney; tpj;Jfspd; Kisj;jy; rjtPjk;>
(1) 85% (2) 88%
(3) 90% (4) 92%
(5) 95%
fzpdp trjpfs; cs;s tptrhap xUtu; mt;trjpfisg; gad;gLj;jp ntspehl;by; ,Uf;Fk;
nfhs;tdthsu; xUtUld; njhlu;ghlj;jf;f njhluwh ,ilj;jhf;f ^Online interactive& Kiw
ahJ?
(1) kpd;dQ;ry; ^e - mail& (2) FWfpa nra;jpr; Nrit ^SMS&
(3) ciuahly; ^Chatting&
(4) njnyf;]; ^Telex&
(5) njhiyefy; ^Fax&
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 106 -
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
epyj;ijg; gz;gLj;Jk; nrad;Kiwapy; khw;wj;jpw;F cl;glhjJ>
^1& kz;zikg;G ^2& kz; ,ioaikg;G ^3&
^4& Njhw;w mlu;j;jp
^5& ePiu mfj;JwpQ;Rk; nfhs;ssT
kz; fl;likg;G
xU ehw;W Nkilapy; elg;gl;l fha;fwp tpj;JfspypUe;J cz;lhfpa ehw;Wfspd; jz;Lfs; kpf
nky;ypajhfTk; caukhfTk; ntz;zpwkhfTk; ,Ue;j mNj Ntis ,iyfs; ,sk; gr;ir epwj;jpy;
,Ue;jd. ,e;epiyikapy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa fhuzk;
^1& $Ljyhd xspr; nrwpT ^2& Fiwthd xspr; nrwpT
^3& $Ljyhd ntg;gepiy ^4& Fiwthd njhlu;G <ug;gjd;
^5& $Ljyhd ntg;gepiyAk; $Ljyhd njhlu;G <ug;gjDk;
Xu; <ug;ghj;jpapypUe;J rpwpjsT kz;izf; ifapy; vLj;Jj; jpuizahf;fpaNghJ mJ eOtpr;
nry;tij khztd; xUtd; mtjhdpj;jhd;. gpd;tUk; gapu;fspy; ,g;ghj;jpapy; eLtjw;F kpfTk;
cfe;j gapu;
^1& fq;Fd; (ts;is) ^2& kpsfha; ^3& Ke;jpupif ^4& nfhapyh ^5& nts;sup
czTf; $k;gfk; vd;gJ
^1& xUtuplk; cs;s czitg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd nghUshjhu Mw;wiy vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ.
^2& xUtu; xU ehspy; cl;nfhs;Sk; cztpd; msitAk; mjpy; cs;s Nghrizf; $WfisAk;
vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ.
^3& xUtu; cl;nfhs;Sk; epiwAzT Ntisapy; cs;s Nghrizf; $WfisAk; mtw;wpd;
tpfpjj;ijAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ
^4& xUtUila jpdrupg; Nghrizj; Njitia vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ
^5& gy;NtW ,d kf;fspd; Nghrizj; Njitfis vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ.
cly; jpzpTr; Rl;b ^BMI& Jzpag;gLtJ xUtUila
^1& taJ> jpzpT Mfpatw;wpyhFk; ^2& cauk;> jpzpT Mfpatw;wpyhFk;
^3& taJ> cauk; Mfpatw;wpyhFk;
^4& Mz;-ngz; Ngjk;> jpzpT Mfpatw;wpyhFk;
^5& taJ> Mz;-ngz; Ngjk; Mfpatw;wpyhFk;
nehjpak; my;yhj xU nray; fhuzkhf cztpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jpw;F Xu; cjhuzk;
^1& mg;gpisj; Jz;Lfshf ntl;ba Nkw;gug;gpy; eilngWk; fgpy epwkhjy;
^2& Ngf;fwp cw;gj;jpfspd; Nkw;gug;G fgpy epwkhjy;
^3& goq;fs; gOf;Fk;NghJ nkd;ikahjy;
^4& gg;ghrpf; fha;j; Jz;LfSld; ,iwr;rpiar; rikf;Fk;NghJ ,iwr;rp nkd;ikahjy;
^5& kPd; gOjilAk;NghJ nkd;ikahjy;
rikj;j czitf; FspNuw;wpapy; rpy ehl;fSf;Fr; Nrkpj;J itf;Fk;NghJ mjd; kPJ tsu;tjw;Ff;
$ba ehl;lj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;s Ez;zq;fp
^1& ];ugpNyhf;nfhf;f]; mTupa]; ^Staphylococcus aureus&'
^2& grpy]; rPupa]; ^Bacillus cereus&'
^3& Fnsh];jpupbak; Ngu;gpupd;[d;]; ^Clostridium perfringens&'
^4& ry;nkhndy;yh iugp ^Salmonella typhi&'
^5& v];nruprpah Nfhiy ^Escherichia coli&'
vd;Gf;NfhiwNeha; epiyik
$Ljyhd jhf;fk; Vw;gLk;?
^1& ghw;fl;b
^4& Nfhopapiwr;rp
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
Vw;gLtjpy;
gpd;tUk;
^2& ghy;
^5& gg;ghrp
vt;Tzitf;
Fiwe;jgl;rk;
EfUk;NghJ
^3& nea;j;Njhyp
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 107 -
12.
13.
14.
15.
Njrpar; re;ijapy; vjpu;ghuhky; ney; tpiy cau;tijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F cfe;j eilKiw
^1& ,aw;iff; fhyepiy mdu;j;jq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
^2& rdj;njhif cau;tijf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
^3& gapupLk; Nghf khww;wpwid ,optsthf;fy;
^4& ghJfhj;j ney; ,Ug;igg; Ngzy;
^5& re;ijf; Nfs;tpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
Nghf;Ftuj;jpd;NghJ fha;fwpfs; CWgLk; ,lq;fSk; cilAk; ,lq;fSk; fgpy epwkhf ,Ug;gijf;
fhzyhk;. ,e;j mWtilr; Nrjq;fspy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; fhuzp
^1& ngsjpf> ,urhadf; fhuzp
^2& ngsjpf> capupay; fhuzp
^3& ,urhad> capupay; fhuzp
^4& ngsjpff; fhuzp khj;jpuk;
^5& ,urhadf; fhuzp khj;jpuk;
jhdpaq;fspdJk;
gUg;G
tiffspdJk;
gpd;dWtil
,og;Gfis
Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f eltbf;if
^1& jahu; nra;tjw;Fg; ghuk;gupa Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jy;
^2& mWtil nra;jJk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;
^3& new;Wfs; gr;ir epwj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mWtil nra;jy;
^4& gioa Ngjq;fis khj;jpuk; gapupLjy;
^5& taypy; gPilr; Nrjj;ij ,optsthf;fy;
,optsthf;Ftjw;F
,iwr;rp cw;gj;jpg; nghUs;fspd;
,ay;igg; ghJfhj;jy; njhlu;ghd rpy
$w;Wfs; fPNo
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - tpyq;FfSf;F ey;y NghriziaAk; cj;jkr; Rw;whly; epiyikfisAk; toq;Fjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
B - Fiwe;jgl;r msT FUjp ghaj;jf;fjhf tpyq;Ffisf; nfhd;W tpiuthf ,iwr;rpiag;
ngw Ntz;Lk;
C - jahu; nra;j ,iwr;rpia cfe;jthW nghjpe;J kPf;Fspu;j;Jk; epiyikfspy; Nrkpj;J itf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wfspy; kpfr; rupahdJ/ rupahdit
^1& A khj;jpuk; ^2& B khj;jpuk;
^3& A , B Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
16. ntz; re;jdj; jhtuq;fisg; gapupLk;NghJ gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba tpNrl guhkupg;G Kiw
^1& jhtuj;jpd; NtUf;Ff; fyitg; grisiar; Nru;j;jy;
^2& jhtuj;ijr; Rw;wp Ntu; tyaj;jpd; Nkw;gug;G kz;iz vupj;jy;
^3& Nrjd tskhf;fpiaAk; ,urhad tskhf;fpiaAk; 1 : 1 tpfpjj;jpy; gpuNahfpj;jy;
^4& fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jhjpUj;jy;
^5& ,U ntz; re;jdj; jhtuq;fisf; fpl;lf; fpl;lg; gapupLjy;.
17.
kUe;Jf; fsQ;rpaj;jpy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba Kf;fpa ,ay;G/ ,ay;Gfs; ^2& <ug;gjDk; ntg;gepiyAk; ^3& <ug;gjDk; xspAk;
^5& ntg;gepiy khj;jpuk;
^1& xspAk; ntg;gepiyAk; ^4& xspAk; fhw;Nwhl;lKk;
18.
gpd;tUk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; capu;j;njhopDl;gtpay; Mjpfhyj;jpypUe;J gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
re;ju;g;gj;ijf; fhl;Lk; tpil
^1& nehjpj;jy; nrad;KiwAk; jhtu ,dtpUj;jpAk;
^2& jhtu ,dtpUj;jpAk; Fg;ig kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lKk;
^3& Ntl;iff;fhy xUKfg;gLj;jy; ,iaghf;fKk; jhtu ,dtpUj;jpAk;
^4& Fg;ig kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lKk; nehjpj;jy; nrad;KiwAk;
^5& Ntl;iff;fhy xUKfg;gLj;jy; ,iaghf;fKk; Fg;ig kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lKk;
rupahd
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 108 -
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
gy;NtW %yg;nghUs;fSld; njhlu;Ggl;l rpy cw;gj;jpfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
capu;j;njhopDl;gtpay; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; re;ju;g;gk;
^1& rPdp
nuhgp cw;gj;jp MFk;.
^2& ghy;
I];fpwPk; cw;gj;jp MFk;.
^3& Njq;fhnaz;nza;
rtu;f;fhu cw;gj;jp MFk;.
^4& jf;fhsp
Ritf;$l;L cw;gj;jpahFk;.
^5& jhtu/ tpyq;Ff; fopTg; nghUs;
fyitg; gris cw;gj;jpahFk;
mtw;wpy;
xU tpahghuj;jpd; ntw;wp Kfhikr; nrad;Kiw kPJ jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;. rpwe;j Kfhikr; nrad;Kiwapd;
gbKiwfs; KiwNa
^1& jpl;lkply;
kjpg;gPL
topg;gLj;jy;
xOq;fikg;G MFk;.
^2& jpl;lkply;
topg;gLj;jy;
xOq;fikg;G
kjpg;gPL MFk;.
^3& jpl;lkply;
xOq;fikg;G
topg;gLj;jy;
kjpg;gPL MFk;.
^4& jpl;lkply;
xOq;fikg;G
kjpg;gPL
topg;gLj;jy; MFk;.
^5& xOq;fikg;G
jpl;lkply;
kjpg;gPL
topg;gLj;jy; MFk;.
xU tpahghuj;jpd; cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapy;
mjpfupf;Fk;NghJ mjd; epiyahd fpuak; ^1& mjpfupf;Fk; fjpapy; mjpfupf;Fk; ^3& khwhky; ,Uf;Fk;
^5& gbg;gbahff; FiwAk;
cw;gj;jp
nra;ag;gLk;
myFfspd;
vz;zpf;if
^2& FiwAk; fjpapy; mjpfupf;Fk;;
^4& Fiwe;J gpd;du; mjpfupf;Fk;
ePu;r; #ow;nwhFjpfspd; ,Ug;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F mtw;wpd; #oy; czu;jpwd; gw;wpa mwpT
,d;wpaikahjJ. gpd;tUk; #ow;nwhFjpfspy; czu;r;rpkpf;f ,aw;if ePu;r; #ow;nwhFjp
^1& Nrw;W epykhFk; ^2& fz;ly; njhFjpahFk;
^3& ed;dPu;f; FskhFk; ^4& KUiff;fw; ghuhFk;
^5& tpy;YthFk;.
khztd; xUtd; capu;r;Rtl;L vupnghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;jpr; nraw;gLj;Jk; nghwpfspd; tpisthf
Vw;gLk; tpUk;gj;jfhj tpisTfshfg; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fisg; gl;baw;gLj;jpAs;shd;. A - tspkz;lyj;jpy; CO2 mjpfupj;jy;
B - #oypd; ntg;gepiy mjpfupj;jy;
C - fhyepiy khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLjy;
D - gad;gLj;Jgtuplk; er;R thAf;fs; gpuNtrpj;jy;
Nkw;Fwpj;j tplaq;fspy; #oYf;F Vw;gLk; tpUk;gj;jfhj tpisTfshff; fUjg;glj;jf;fd
^1& A , B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^2& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^3& A, D Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^4& A, B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& A, B, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
capu;thAg; gpwg;ghf;fpfs; njhlu;ghd rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd. A - itf;NfhYk; rhzKk; %yg;nghUs;fshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
B - njhlu;r;rpahd Kiwf;F %yg;nghUs;fs; cs;slf;fg;gLk; capu;thAg; gpwg;ghf;fpfspypUe;J
Mz;L g+uhfTk; njhlu;r;rpahf capu;thAitAk; ngwyhk;.
C - xj;j ,U capu;thAg; gpwg;ghf;fpfis mk;ghe;Njhl;il khtl;lj;jpYk; Etnuypah
khtl;lj;jpYk; mikj;jhy;> Etnuypahtpy; cs;s capu;thAg; gpwg;ghf;fpapypUe;J mjpf
msT capu;thA ngwg;gLk;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wfspy; kpfTk; rupahdJ
^1& A khj;jpuk; ^2& C khj;jpuk; ^3& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 109 -
25'
3R vz;zf;fUtpd; gpuNahfq;fspy; capu;thA cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ>
^1& kPs; gad;ghL khj;jpuk;
^2& kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lk; khj;jpuk;
^3& gad;ghL FiwjYk; kPs; gad;ghLk; khj;jpuk; ^4& kPs; gad;ghLk; kPs; Rw;Nwhl;lKk; khj;jpuk;
^5& gad;ghL FiwjYk; kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lKk; khj;jpuk;
26' gy;NtW NjitfSf;fhf mupkuq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLk; rpy ,ay;Gfs;
fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
typik
RUq;FjYk; tpupTk;
rpuhaikg;G ,Uj;jy;
mlu;j;jp Fiwjy; ,ay;Gfspy; jsthl cw;gj;jpf;fhf mupkuq;fisj; njupe;njLf;Fk;NghJ Kf;fpakhff;
fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba ,ay;Gfs;
^1& A, B Mfpad
^2& A, C Mfpad
^3& B, C Mfpad
^4& B, D Mfpad
^5& C, D Mfpad
27'
^1& fUq;fhyp> neJd;> Njf;F Mfpad ^2& rtz;liy> gyh> kNfhfdp Mfpad
^3& nts;iskuk;> fUq;fhyp> rz;gfk; Mfpad ^4& rQ;rPtp> ikf;fpNuhf;Nfhupa];> kUJ Mfpad
^5& vz;nza; kuk;> gyh> kUJ Mfpad
28'
^1&
^2&
^3&
^4&
^5&
A -
B -
C -
D -
Nkw;Fwpj;j
29'
tu;j;jf mupkuq;fisg; ghFgLj;Jk;NghJ RfNghff; $l;lj;jpw;Fupa mupku tiffs;
mupkuq;fisg; gjdplypy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; Kf;fpa fhuzpfs;
gjdpLk; ntg;gepiyAk; mupkuj;jpd; epwKk;
mupkuj;jpd; fl;likg;Gk; mupkuj;jpd; epwKk;
mupkuj;jpd; epwKk; mupkuj;jpd; ,ioaikg;Gk;
gjdpLk; ntg;gepiyAk; mupkuj;jpd; fl;likg;Gk;
gjdpLk; ntg;gepiyAk; mupkuj;jpd; ,ioaikg;Gk;
#ow;nwhFjpg; gy;tifik cz;lhtjw;Ff; fhuzk;
^1& xNu mq;fpf; $l;lj;jpy; xd;wpypUe;njhd;W NtWgl;l ,ay;Gfs; cs;s mq;fpfs; ,Uj;jy;
^2& mq;fpfs; tjpAk; #oy;fs; xd;wpypUe;njhd;W NtWgLjy;
^3& xU Fwpj;j #oypy; thOk; xd;wpypUe;njhd;W NtWgl;l ,ay;Gfs; cs;s mq;fpf; $l;lq;fs; ,Uj;jy;
^4& #oypy; NtWgl;l epyj;Njhw;wq;fs; ,Uj;jy;
^5& xU Fwpj;j #oypy; $Ljyhd xU ehl;Lf;Fupa tpyq;Ffs; ,Uj;jy;
30'
,lj;Jf; (in-situ) fhg;G Kiwf;F Xu; cjhuzk;
^1& Gfyuiz mikj;jy;
^3& ahid mehijr;rhiyfis mikj;jy; ^5& jhtutpay; g+e;Njhl;lq;fis mikj;jy;
"
^2& flyhik ,dtpUj;jp epiyaq;fis mikj;jy;
^4& tpj;J tq;fpfis mikj;jy;
31' gapu; taypy; cs;s gy;yhz;Lf; fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f kpfTk; ntw;wp fukhd
#oYf;F Nerkhd Kiw
^1& njhLiff; fis nfhy;ypiag; gpuNahfpj;jy;
^2& Rw;Wj;jiyairg;Gf; fis nfhy;ypiag; gpuNahfpj;jy;
^3& fisfspd; fhw;Wg; gFjpfisj; njhlu;r;rpahf mfw;wy;
^4& kz;izg; Gul;LjYk; fisfspd; gFjpfis mfw;wYk;
^5& fisfspd; ,iyfis mfw;wYk; ,urhadf; fisnfhy;ypiag; gpuNahfpj;jYk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 110 -
32' ntt;NtW epyj;Njhw;wq;fisf; nfhz;l epyq;fSf;Fr; rpy cjhuzq;fs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - N`hl;ld; rkntsp
B - n`y;kY tay; Kiwik
C - tuz;l gj;jid epyk;
D - guhf;fpuk rKj;jpuk;
Nkw;Fwpj;jtw;wpilNa ,aw;if epyj;Njhw;wj;jpw;F cjhuzq;fs;
^1& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^2& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^3& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& B, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^5& C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
33' Rw;whly; cy;yhrg; gazf; ifj;njhopypypUe;J ghuk;gupa cy;yhrg; gazf; ifj;njhopy;
NtWgLfpd;wikf;Ff; fhuzk; vJ? ^1& ,aw;ifr; Rw;whly; fhg;gpw;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wik
^2& ,aw;if tsq;fspy; kjpg;Gld; nraw;gLfpd;wik
^3& cy;yhrg; gazf; ftu;r;rpia Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F mt;tsT gq;fspg;igr; nra;ahik
^4& fpuhk kf;fspd; tho;f;iff; Nfhyj;jpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jhik
^5& epiyj;J epw;Fk; mgptpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wik
34' capu;tskhd fhl;L mq;fpfspd; epiyj;jpUf;if Rw;whlypw;F Kf;fpaj;Jk; tha;e;jjhf ,Uf;Fk;
rpy tpjq;fs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - goq;fspdJk; tpj;JfspdJk; guk;gYf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jy; B - rpy jhtuq;fspd; g+f;fspy; kfue;jr;Nru;f;ifia eilngwr; nra;jy;
C - #oy; rkepiyiag; Ngzy;
D - capupay; gPilf; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jy;
E - kdpjDf;F Neubg; nghUshjhug; gad;fis toq;fy;
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wfspy; fhl;L mq;fpfs; ,Ug;gjd; #oy; Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fshff; fUjg;gLtd
^1& A, B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^2& A, B, D Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^3& A, B, C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& A, B, C, E Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& A, B, C, D, E Mfpa vy;yhk;
35'
czthff; fhl;L tsq;fisj; njhlu;r;rpahfg; gad;gLj;jg; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f xU nray; mt;tsq;fis
^1& njhopyhsu;fis <LgLj;jpr; Nru;j;jy;
^2& mopit ,optsthf;fYk; tPl;Lkakhf;fYk;
^3& Nru;j;Jf; fhg;ghf itj;Jf; nfhs;sy;
^4& jw;NghJ gad;gLj;jhky; vjpu;fhyj;jpw;fhf kPjg;gLj;jy;
^5& jw;NghJ cau;e;jgl;rkhfg; gad;gLj;jy;
36' nfhjpePuhtp Kiw tbj;jypd; %yk; gpupj;njLf;fj;jf;f jhtu vz;nza; tifapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba
Kf;fpa ,ay;G
^1& ePupy; ed;whff; fiutjw;F cs;s Mw;wy;
^2& ePupd; mlu;j;jpapYk; ghu;f;f mjd; mlu;j;jp $Ljyhf ,Uj;jy;
^3& ePupd; nfhjpepiyapYk; ghu;f;f mjd; nfhjpepiy Fiwthf ,Uj;jy;
^4& ePUld; fye;J Fok;ghFk; Mw;wy;
^5& ePupy; kpjf;Fk; Mw;wy;
37'
rtu;f;fhu cw;gj;jpf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Kf;fpa %yg;nghUs;
^1& vupNrhlh> rhu vz;nza;> ePu; Mfpad ^2& vupNrhlh> Njq;fhnaz;nza;> ePu; Mfpad ^3& Njq;fhnaz;nza;> epwg;nghUs;> ePu; Mfpad ^4& vupNrhlh> epwg;nghUs;> ePu; Mfpad
^5& rhu vz;nza;> epwg;nghUs;> Njq;fhnaz;nza;> ePu; Mfpad
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 111 -
38' Fsj;jpd; Nkw;gug;G> eLg; gFjp> mbg; gFjp Mfpa vy;yh ePu;g; gilfSk; gad;gLj;jg;glj;jf;fjhf
tsu;f;fj;jf;f ePu;tho; mq;fpfs;
ngUe; jiyf; nfz;il> fw;yh> nts;spf; nfz;il Mfpad
nts;spf; nfz;il> jpyhg;gpah> Gw;nfz;il Mfpad
,why;> Gw;nfz;il> rhjhuz nfz;il Mfpad
ngUe;jiyf; nfz;il> jpyhg;gpah> ,why; Mfpad
rhjhuz nfz;il> kpupfy;> ,why; Mfpad
^1&
^2&
^3&
^4&
^5&
39' Fsj;jpy; kPd;FQ;Rfis ,Lk;NghJ gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba rupahd eilKiw
^1& kPd;FQ;Rfs; cs;s igiaf; nfhz;L te;jTld; ftdkhfj; jpwe;J gbg;gbahff; FQ;Rfis ^2&
^3&
^4&
^5&
40'
ePupy; tpLtpj;jy;
kPd; FQ;Rfs; cs;s igia 10-15 epkplq;fSf;F ePupy; kpjf;ftpl;Lg; gbg;gbahfj; jpwe;J FQ;Rfis tpLtpj;jy;
kPd; FQ;Rfs; cs;s igia Vwj;jho 1-2 kzpj;jpahyj;jpw;F ePupy; kpjf;ftpl;L FQ;Rfis tpLtpj;jy;
kPd; FQ;Rfs; cs;s igiaf; nfhz;L te;jJk; igiaj; jpwe;J Fsj;J ePiu mjpy; epug;gp Vwj;jho 10-15 epkplq;fSf;F itj;Jg; gbg;gbahff; FQ;Rfis tpLtpj;jy;
kPd; FQ;Rfs; cs;s igiaj; jpwe;J rpwpa iftiyapd; %yk; gpbj;J gbg;gbahff; Fsj;jpy; tpLtpj;jy;
tsu;g;gjw;F kpfTk; cfe;j kPdpdkhfj; jpyhg;gpah fUjg;gLtjw;Ff; fhuzk;
^1& Nky; czT khw;Wk; tpidj;jpwid toq;fpf; nfhz;L cau; Ritiaj; jUfpd;wik.
^2& cau; ntg;gepiyapy; ntw;wpfukhf ,dtpUj;jp nra;aj;jf;fjhf ,Uf;fpd;wik
^3& njhlu;r;rpahfr; re;ij tha;g;Gfis toq;Ftjw;Fg; Nghjpa tsu;r;rp tPjk; ,Uf;fpd;wik
^4& vspa> nryT Fiwe;j> Fiwe;jgl;rj; njhopDl;g Kiwapay;fs; Nghjpadthf ,Uf;fpd;wik.
^5& Neha;fis vjpu;f;fpd;wikahy; mjpf Fbj;njhif mlu;j;jpiaf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Mw;wy;
41'
capu;tsq;fs; njhlu;ghfr; nraw;gLk; rKjha mbg;gil mikaj;jpd; Neub Nehf;fk;
^1& #oYf;Fg; Gjpa mq;fpfis mwpKfQ;nra;jy;
^2& capu;r; #oYf;Fk; capuw;w #oYf;FkpilNa njhlu;Gfis cUthf;fy;
^3& gapu;r;nra;ifiag; ghJfhj;jy;
^4& #oypy; cs;s capu;tsj;ijf; fhj;jy;
^5& fhyepiy khw;wq;fisj; jtpu;g;gjw;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jy;
42' ed;dPu; kPd; tsu;g;gpw;fhff; Fsj;ijj; jahu; nra;tjw;fhf epyj;ijj; njupe;njLf;Fk;NghJ kpfTk;
ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;ba fhuzp>
^1& #upanthsp ed;whf; tpOk; ,lkhf ,Uj;jy;
^2& ePiu itj;jpUf;fj;jf;f ,ioaikg;igf; nfhz;l kz;zhf ,Uj;jy;
^3& kz;zpy; gy;NtW rhjfkhd ,urhadr; Nru;itfs; ,Uj;jy;
^4& ePiu ew;Nghriz epiyikf;F khw;wj;jf;f fhuzpfs; mjpy; ,uhik.
^5& ,yFthfg; ghJfhg;igf; nfhLf;Fk; ,lkhf ,Uj;jy;
43'
gpd;tUk; kPd;gpb cgfuzq;fspy; #oYf;F kpfTk; Nerkhd cgfuzk;
^1& ngUtiy> tPr;Rtiy> igtiy
^2& js;Stiy> ngUtiy> igtiy
^3& nrTs; tiy> ePs; J}z;by;> fuf;nfba
^4& ePs; J}z;by;> Kg;Guptiy> J}z;by; nfhSf;fp
^5& fuf;nfba> kbtiy> js;Stiy
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 112 -
44'
,yq;ifapy; Kf;fpakhf tsu;f;fg;gLk; czT kPd;fs;
^1& jpyhg;gpah> nfha;f; nfz;il tif> nts;spf; nfz;il tif Mfpad
^2& jpyhg;gpah> Gw;nfz;il> Ntf;if Mfpad
^3& rhjhuz nfz;il> ntw;wpiyf; nfz;il> Ntf;if Mfpad
^4& jpyhg;gpah> Ntf;if> tpyhq;F Mfpad
^5& ngUe;jiyf; nfz;il> tuhy;> nfhlah Mfpad
45'
^1&
^2&
^3&
^4&
^5&
$L> milg;G Mfpatw;wpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; kPd; tsu;g;gpd; gpujp$y epiyikahff; fUjg;glj;jf;fJ.
kPd;fs; ,aw;if czit khj;jpuk; rhu;e;jpUj;jy;
ePupd; ,ay;Gfisr; nraw;ifahff; fl;Lg;gLj;j Kbahik
$Ljyhd Fbj;njhif mlu;j;jpAld; tsu;f;f Kbahik
mikg;gjw;Fk; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; $Ljyhf Kaw;rpnaLg;gjw;F NeupLjy;
cs;s ePu; %yq;fspypUe;J cau;e;jgl;rg; gaidg; ngwKbahky; ,Uj;jy;
46' capupay; vupnghUshd vjNdhypd; cw;gj;jpapd; %yk; kpd;rf;jp njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidia
,optsthf;fyhk;. ,jw;Fg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f capu;tsk;
rPikf;fpSit> Nrhsk;> my;fh ,dk; Mfpad
,wg;gu; tpj;J> Ntg;gk; tpj;J> epyf;fup Mfpad
my;fh ,dk;> gpope;j Njq;fha;> Ntg;gk; tpj;J Mfpad
ghF> Nrhsk;> fUk;G Mfpad
rpul;il> fhl;lhkzf;F> ghF Mfpad
^1&
^2&
^3&
^4&
^5&
47' C6H12O6
48'
49'
C2H5OH + CO2
Nkw;Fwpj;j ,urhad khw;wj;jpw;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; Ez;zq;fp ,dk;
^1& Lactobacillus bulgaricus ^2& Acetobacter
^3& Streptococcus bacillus
^4& Saccharomyces cerevisiae
^5& Streptobacillus thermophyllus
czT cw;gj;jpj; njhopDl;gtpay; gw;wpa rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - ghz;> gdp]; Mfpatw;wpd; cw;gj;jpapy; nehjpg;Gj; njhopDl;gtpay; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
B - nts;sup> Nfhth Nghd;w fha;fwpfisf; fhg;gjw;F ,yw;wpf;fkpyk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
C - Nrhahr; Ritf;$l;L cw;gj;jpapy; nrwpthf;fy; eilngWfpd;wJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;jtw;wpilNa rupahdJ/ rupahdit
^1& A khj;jpuk; ^2& B khj;jpuk; ^3& C khj;jpuk; ^4& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& C, B Mfpad khj;jpuk;
capu; tsq;fisAk; capu;tsj; njhopDl;gtpaiyAk; gw;wpa rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - capu;tsj; njhopDl;gtpay; %yjdr; nrwpe;j KiwapayhFk;
B - capu;tsq;fis kpifahfg; gad;gLj;jy; #oypd; ,af;ftpay; rkepiyf;Fg; ghjfkhdJ
C - capu;tsj; njhopDl;gtpay; vg;NghJk; epiyj;J epw;Fk; mgptpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wJ.
D - GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f capu;tsq;fisAk; GJg;gpf;f Kbahj capu;tsq;fisAk; epiyahfg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wfspy; rupahdJ/ rupahdit
^1& A khj;jpuk; ^2& B khj;jpuk;
^3& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& A, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^5& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
50'
gy;gapu;r;nra;ifj; njhFjpiaAk; tPjpg; gapu;r;nra;ifj; njhFjpiaAk; xg;gpLk;NghJ gy;gapu;r;nra;ifj;
njhFjpapy;
^1& iejurd; ehl;ly; $Ljyhf eilngWfpd;wJ.
^2& fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; kpf ed;whf eilngWfpd;wJ
^3& gPilf; fl;Lg;ghL fbdkhFk;.
^4& capu;g;gy;tifik FiwthFk;.
^5& kz;zpd; gy;NtW gilfspy; cs;s Nghrizg; nghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;jy; njhlu;gstpy; $bajhFk;.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 113 -
19 - tptrhaj; njhopDl;gtpay;
tpdhj;jhs;
II
A apy; vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJf.
Ú
Ú
gFjp
tpdhf;fSf;F khj;jpuk; tpil vOJf.
B , C Mfpa gFjpfs; xt;nthd;wpYkpUe;J ,U tpdhf;fs; tPjk; njupe;njLj;J ehd;F gFjp A - mikg;Gf; fl;Liu
1.
mDuhjGug; gpuNjrj;jpy; fha;fwpg; gapu;r;nra;ifia Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F cj;Njrpj;jpUf;Fk; tptrhap
xUtUf;F cupa #oy; tyaj;jpy; ftdQ;nrYj;jpf;nfhz;L cfe;j gapu;fisj; njupe;njLf;FkhW
gpuNjrj;jpd; tptrha mYtyu; mwpTWj;jpAs;shu;.
(a)
(i) 'tptrhar; #oy; tyak;" vd;gij mwpKfQ;nra;f.
(ii) Nkw;Fwpj;j tptrhag; gz;iz vt;tptrhar; #oy; tyaj;ijr; Nru;e;jJ?
(iii) ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; gpujhd kz; $l;lj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(iv) ,g;gpuNjrj;jpw;F kio Kf;fpakhff; fpilf;Fk; rpy khjq;fs; cz;L. mk;khjq;fs;
ahit?
(v) Nkw;Fwpj;j tptrhap njupe;njLf;f Ntz;ba ,U fha;fwpg; gapu;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(b) ,yq;ifapd; ,aw;if ePu;r; #ow;nwhFjpapy; gy tpjq;fs; fhzg;gLk; mNj Ntis gy;NtW
fhuzq;fspd; tpisthf mtw;wpd; epiyj;J epw;iff;F mr;RWj;jy; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
(i) ,r;#ow;nwhFjpfspd; epiyj;J epw;iff;Fg; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; ,U fhuzpfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(ii) ,r;#ow;nwhFjpfspd; Nkk;ghl;bw;fhf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,U murhq;f epWtfq;fisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(iii) xU fz;ly; #ow;nwhFjpapy; fhzj;jf;f> nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cs;s xU
jhtuj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mjd; nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij vOJf.
jhtuk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 114 -
(c)
xU ghlrhiy tptrhaf; fz;fhl;rpf;Fg; gpd;tUk; fhl;rpg;nghUs;fis Kd;itg;gjw;F ,U
khztu; FOf;fs; jahuhfpd;wd.
FO 1 - fha;fwp ehw;WNkilg; ghj;jpf; fz;fhl;rp
FO 2 - gy;NtW gjpa ,dg;ngUf;ff; fl;likg;Gf; fz;fhl;rp
(i) FO 1 gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba tpj;Jfspy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba ,U Kf;fpa ,ay;Gfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(ii) gpd;tUk; gapu;fs; xt;nthd;iwAk; ,dg;ngUf;fQ; nra;tjw;Ff; FO 2 gad;gLj;j
Ntz;ba xt;nthU ,dg;ngUf;ff; fl;likg;igf; Fwpg;gpLf.
gapu; ,dg;ngUf;ff; fl;likg;G
2. ty;yhiu
3. rpd;d ntq;fhak;
4. ghw;fpoq;F 5. ,Q;rpf; fpoq;F
1.
,Q;rp
(iii) Kisf;fr; nra;ag; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tpj;Jfspy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba ,U Kf;fpa
,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(d)
1'
2'
fz;b khtl;lj;jpNy gy;Nyfiyapy; %ypifj; Njhl;lk; fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J Vwj;jho 480 m
cauj;jpy; cs;sJ.
(i) ,k; %ypifj; Njhl;lj;jpd; fhyepiy tyaj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(ii) ,k;%ypifj; Njhl;lj;jpy; fhzj;jf;f ,U %ypiffisf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mk;%ypiffs;
xt;nthd;wpd;
Fwpg;gpLf.
,dg;ngUf;fj;jpw;Fk;
cfe;j
xt;nthU
,dg;ngUf;fg;
nghUisf;
gapu; ,dg;ngUf;fg; nghUs;
(iii) %ypiffspd; ,U ifj;njhopy; gad;ghLfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
2'
(a)
jk;Gy;y tptrhag; nghUshjhu epiyaj;jpy; tpahghup xUtu; jkJ tpahghug; gzpfis
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhfj; jw;fhyj; njhopDl;gtpay;igg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F cj;Njrpj;Js;shu;.
(i) tptrhapfSf;F toq;Ftjw;fhf tpij cUisf; fpoq;if ,wf;Fkjp nra;Ak; nghUl;Lj;
Njitahd jfty;fs; ngwg;glj;jf;f xU njhopDl;gtpaiyf; Fwpg;gpLf.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 115 -
(ii) ,jw;fhf mtu; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f ,U Njly; nghwpfisf; (search engines) Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(iii) mtu; fl;lisapl;l cUisf;fpoq;F ,Ug;gpw;fhf ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s toq;Feu;
xUtUf;Fr;
Fwpg;gpLf.
rpy
epkplq;fspy;
nfhLg;gdT
nra;tjw;fhd
cfe;j
Kiwiaf;
(iv) ,f;nfhLg;gdT Kiwapy; tpahghup vjpu;nfhs;sj;jf;f Xu; ,liuf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(v) etPd njhopDl;gtpaiyg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wikahy; ,t;tpahghupf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; xU
tpNrl mD$yj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(b) #oYld; gy;NtW fopTg; nghUs;fs; Nru;fpd;wikahy; mq;fpfsplk; ntt;NtW rpf;fy;fs;
Vw;gLfpd;wd. mf;fopTg; nghUs;fs; #oypw;Fs;Ns GFtij ,optsthf;Ftjw;Fk; #oypy;
mtw;iwg; gad;juj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; mq;fpfSf;Fj; jPq;Ffs; Vw;gLtijj;
jLg;gjw;Fk; gy;NtW Kiwapay;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
(i) gapu;r;nra;ifapy; ePu; %yq;fSld; Nruj;jf;f ,U khRgLj;jpfisf; (Pollutants) Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
(ii) ,k;khRgLj;jpfspd;
tpisthf
mq;fpfSf;F
Vw;glj;jf;f
%d;W
ghjpg;Gfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1'
2'
3'
(iii) #oYld; NrUk; fopTg; nghUs; Kfhikiaf; nfhz;L elj;jj;jf;f xU nraw;wpl;lj;ijf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
(iv) ,r;nraw;wpl;lj;ijj; njhlq;Fk;NghJ fUj;jpw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba ehd;F fhuzpfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
1'
2'
3'
4'
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 116 -
(c)
(i) kdpjdpd; tpNrl Nghizj; Njitfs; njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; cs;s
ntw;wplq;fis epug;Gf.
Njit / gUtk;
Njitahd tpNrl Nghrizf; $W
1. fUg;g epiy
2. ghY}l;Lk; gUtk;
3. njhopy; tpisahl;L tPuu;
(ii) NkNy (i) ,y; ePu; Fwpg;gpl;l Nghrizf; $Wfs; xt;nthd;wpdJk; FiwghL fhuzkhf
kdpjdpy; fhzj;jf;f Nghrizr; rpf;fy;fs; ahit?
Nghriz
rpf;fy;
1'
2'
3'
(d) gpd;tUk;
$w;Wfs;
cz;iknadpd;>
milg;Gf;FwpfspDs;Ns ,Lf.
√
FwpiaAk;
ngha;nadpd;>
×
(i) Kaw;rpahsu; fl;lhak; tpahghupahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; (ii) #oy; re;ju;g;gq;fis Mf;fg+u;tkhfg; ngWjy; Kaw;rpahsupd; ,ay;ghFk;.
(iii)
(iv)
3' (a) (i)
(ii) FwpiaAk;
^
^
&
&
Njrpa tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jy; nghUshjhuj;jpy; jdpahs; kl;lj;jpyhd
Kaw;rp fhuzkhf khj;jpuk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glj;jf;f gzpahFk;. ^ &
,yq;if Nghd;w xU ehl;bw;F ciog;Gr; nrwpe;j njhopDl;gtpay;jhd; kpfg; nghUj;jkhdJ. ^ &
'capu; tsq;fs;" vd;gij tiuaWf;f.
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
capu; tsq;fspd; %d;W rpwg;gpay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(iii) capu;tsg; ghFghl;by; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; %d;W epajpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(iv) Nkw;Fwpj;j epajpfis mbg;gilaha;f; nfhz;L capu;tsg; ghFghl;bd; ,U gpujhd Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 117 -
(b)
,yq;if cyfj;jpy; cs;s Kf;fpa gy;tifik ntg;g tyaq;fspy; (Bio divercity hot spot)
xd;whFk;.
(i) capu;g;gy;tifik ntg;g tyak; vd;gJ ahJ?
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(ii) capu;g;gy;tifikf;F cs;s %d;W mr;RWj;jy;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(iii) cyff; fhg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; %yk; ntspaplg;gLk; cyfpy; mr;RWj;jYf;F MshfpapUf;Fk;
mq;fp ,dq;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fs; ,lk;ngWk; E}ypw;F toq;Fk; ngau; ahJ?
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(iv) #oypd; epiyj;J epw;iff;F td mq;fpfs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jdthf ,Uf;Fk; ,U
tpjq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(v) Nrid Ntshz;ik ,yq;ifapd; ghuk;gupa Ntshz;ik KiwahFk;. ,g;ghuk;gupaj;
njhopDl;gtpaypy; capu;tsj;jpw;F Vw;gLk; Nrjq;fis ,optsthf;fg; gpd;gw;Wk; %d;W
eilKiwfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(c) rupahd tpilfisg; gad;gLj;jp ntw;wplq;fis epug;Gf.
mupkuq;fspd; ,ioaq;fspy; ePu; ,U tpjq;fspy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mit ^1& ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ePu;> gpize;j ePu; vd;gdthFk;. ^2& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ePu; mjpf mstpy;
,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis ^3& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' re;ju;g;gj;jpy; mupkuq;fspypUe;J tspf;Fk;
tspapypUe;J mupkuq;fSf;Fk; eilngWk; ePu;g; gha;r;ry; xU rkepiyr; re;ju;g;gj;jpw;F
khWfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapy; ,e;epiyikf;F khWk; jbj;j gyifapy; Vwj;jho ^4& ''''''''''''']
ePu; ,Uf;Fk;. mupkuj;ij ^5& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' mupkuj;jpw;Ff; Fiwe;jgl;rr; Nrjk;
Vw;glj;jf;fjhf ePiu mfw;w Ntz;ba vy;iy ,JthFk;. ,r;nraypw;fhf ,yq;ifapNy mjpf
mstpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Kiwfshf ^6& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' cyu;j;jy;> mLg;gpy; cyu;j;jy;
Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
4' (a) (i) fl;Lg;ghl;L KiwfSf;Nfw;g ePu; tsu;g;Gj; njhFjpfs; ghFglj;jf;f ehd;F tpjq;fisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(ii) kPd;fs; gOjilAk;NghJ eilngWk; ,U nrad;Kiwfisf; fhl;Lf.
1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 118 -
(b) (i) ePu;tsu;g;Gf;fhf
mq;fp
czTfisg;
gad;gLj;Jtjd;
%d;W
mE$yq;fisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(ii) ePu;tsu;g;gpy; kPd;FQ;RfSf;F toq;fj;jf;f %d;W tif mq;fp czT tiffisf;
Fwpg;gpLf. 1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(c) fhLfspd; ,ay;G ngUk;ghYk; mg;gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s fhyepiy epiyikfSf;Nfw;g
NtWgLk;. gy;NtW fhuzq;fspd; tpisthf Vw;gLk; Nrjj;ij ,optsthf;fpf; fhLfspd;
,t;NtWgl;l ,ay;Gfis epiyahfg; NgZjy; jw;fhyj;jpy; mj;jpahtrpa tplakhf
mike;Js;sJ.
(i) fhyepiy ,ay;Gfis mbg;gilaha;f; nfhz;L Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ,g;ghFghl;by;
,dq;fhzj;jf;f %d;W tpjf; fhLfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(ii)
1'
2'
3'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
,yq;ifapy; fhl;Lf; Fbj;njhif Fiwtjpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; %d;W gpujhd
tplaq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(iii) fhLfspypUe;J kdpjDf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; mupkuky;yhj %d;W fhl;L ed;ikfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(iv) fhl;L mq;fpfspd; epiyj;J epw;wYf;F cs;s ehd;F mr;RWj;jy;fis vOJf.
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
**
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 119 -
gFjp B
5'
^a&
^b&
^c&
6'
^a& czTj; njhopDl;gtpaypd; gad;ghLfs; ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; tpjj;ij
fy;njkl;l vd;gJ ,yq;iff;Fupa %ypifahFk;. ,k;%ypif mopAk; mr;RWj;jYf;F
MshfpAs;sik gw;wpa jfty;fs; ntspte;Js;sd. ,j;jifa %ypiffs; mope;J Nghtjw;fhd
fhuzq;fisf; fhl;b> mtw;iwf; fhg;gjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f eltbf;iffisj; njuptpf;f.
'capu;thA cw;gj;jp #oYf;F Nerkhd eilKiwahFk;." ,f;$w;iw epWTtjw;fhd
tplaq;fis vLj;Jiuf;f.
tpahghu Kfhikr; nrad;Kiwapd; mbg;gilg; gbKiwfis tptupf;f.
tptupf;f.
kPd; cw;gj;jpapy; gpd;dWtil Nrjkilaj;jf;f re;ju;g;gq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mtw;iw
,optsthf;Ftjw;fhd eilKiwia tptupf;f.
'jtwhd czTg; gof;fk; fhuzkhf ,yq;ifr; r%fj;jpy; gy;NtW Nghrizr; rpf;fy;fs;
Vw;gLjtw;fhd Mgj;J cs;sJ". ,f;$w;iw tptupf;f.
^b&
^c&
7'
^a& tptrhag; gyd;jUjpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; jfty; njhopDl;gtpay; gpuNahfpf;fg;glj;jf;f
^b&
^c&
tpjj;ijf; fhl;Lf.
fhg;G Ntshz;ikapy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; ePu;f; fhg;G Kiwfis tptupf;f.
kz;zpd; Kf;fpa ngsjpf ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L> gapu;r;nra;ifapy; mtw;wpd; jhf;fj;ij
tptupf;f.
gFjp C
8'
(a) tptrhag; gy;tifikapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fis tptupf;f.
(b) gapu;r;nra;ifj; Jiwapy; fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;NghJ gad;gLj;jj;jf;f #oYf;F Nerkhd
(c)
Kiwfis tptupf;f.
,urhad tskhf;fpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wikahy; #oYf;F Vw;gLk; Nrjq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L>
mtw;iw ,optsthf;Ftjw;F capu;tsq;fs; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f tpjj;ij tptupf;f.
9' (a) xU kPd; khjpupiag; Gwj;Nj mtjhdpj;J> mJ GjpaJ vd;gij vq;qdk; jPu;khdpf;fyhnkdf;
(b)
(c)
Fwpg;gpLf.
myq;fhu kPd; tsu;g;Gfisj; jf;fthW guhkupf;Fk;NghJ fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba gpujhd
tplaq;fis tptupf;f.
ePu;tsu;g;Gf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kPdpdj;jpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba rpwg;gpay;Gfis tptupf;f.
10' (a) fhLfspypUe;J mupkuky;yhj fhl;L cw;gj;jpfisg; ngWk;NghJ vOk; gpur;rpidfisf;
Fwpg;gpl;L> mtw;iw ,optsthf;Ftjw;F Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba eilKiwfis tptupf;f.
(b) jhtug; gFjpfspypUe;J ehu;fis NtWgLj;Jtjw;F ePupy; Cuitf;Fk; njhopDl;gtpay;
(c)
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. Cwitf;Fk; gpujhd tpjpKiwfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L> Cwitg;gjdhy;
Vw;gLk; #oy; gpur;rpidfis tpsf;Ff.
gy;NtW cw;gj;jpfSf;fhfj; jhtur; Rug;Gfs; ngwg;glj;jf;f jhtu tFg;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
mj;jhtuq;fspd; Rug;Gfs; ngwg;gLk; tpjj;ijAk; mtw;wpd; %yk; eilngWk; cw;gj;jpfisAk;
Fwpg;gpLf.
***
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 120 -
20 - jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gtpay;
tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;G
tpdhj;jhs; ˚ -
Neuk; : 2 kzpj;jpahyk;
Ie;J njupTfs; tPjk; 50 gy;Nju;T tpdhf;fisf; nfhz;lJ. vy;yh
tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJjy; Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhTf;F 02 Gs;spfs; tPjk;
nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; 100. tpdhj;jhs; ˚˚ - Neuk; : 3 kzpj;jpahyk;
,t;tpdhj;jhs; mikg;Gf; fl;Liu kw;Wk; fl;Liu tif vd
,uz;L gFjpfisf; nfhz;lJ.
gFjp A - ehd;F mikg;Gf; fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs;.
vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhTf;F 10
Gs;spfs; tPjk; 40 Gs;spfs;.
gFjp B - MW fl;Liu tif tpdhf;fs;. ehd;F tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOj
Ntz;Lk;. xU tpdhtpw;F 15 Gs;spfs; tPjk; 60 Gs;spfs;.
tpdhj;jhs; ˚˚,w;fhd nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; 100
,Wjpg;; Gs;spiaf; fzpj;jy; ( tpdhj;jhs; ˚ } 100
tpdhj;jhs; ˚˚ } 100
,Wjpg; Gs;sp } 200 fi 2 } 100
tpdhj;jhs;
˚
ftdpf;f:
Ú
Ú
vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJf.
rupahd my;yJ kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupT nra;f (guPl;irapd; NghJ tpil vOJtjw;Fg;
gy;Nju;T tpilj;jhs; toq;fg;gLk;)
0'1780 vd;Dk; vz;zpy; ngUk kjpg;G ,yf;fk; (MSD), rpWk kjpg;G ,yf;fk; (LSD) Mfpad KiwNa
^1& 0, 0 MFk;. ^2& 1, 8 MFk;. ^3& 1, 0 MFk;. ^4& 8, 1 MFk;.
^5& 0, 1 MFk;.
1'
2' jw;fhyf; fzpdp mikg;G mbg;gilaha;f; nfhz;bUg;gJ
^1& $u;g;gpau;e;j fzpg;G (Evolutionary Computing) vz;zf;fUit
^2& Ez;kjp> kdntOr;rpf; fzpg;G (Intelligent and Emotional Computing) vz;zf;fUit
^3& nraw;if Ez;kjp (Artificial Intelligence) vz;zf;fUit
^4& nthd; neha;khd; (Von Neumann) vz;zf;fUit
^5& gy;Kftu; nkd;nghUs; (Multi Agent Software) vz;zf;fUit
3' gpd;tUk; vt;tplaj;ijf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L fzpdpfis xj;jpirf; (Analog) fzpdp vdTk;
,yf;fKiwf; (Digital) fzpdp vdTk; ghFgLj;jyhk;?
^1& fzpdpapd; fjp
^2& fzpdpapd; ngsjpfg; gUkd;
^3& gad;gLj;jg;gLk; njhopDl;gtpay;
^4& ngwj;jf;f jutpd; msT
^5& ngwj;jf;f jftypd; msT
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 121 -
4' fzpdp Kiwtopahf;fpfs; (Processors) gw;wpa gpd;tUk; tplaq;fisf; fUJf.
A - fjp
B - nfhs;ssT
C - Kiwtopahf;fpapy; cs;s Crpfspd; (Pins) vz;zpf;if
,tw;wpilNa fzpdpiaf; nfhs;tdT nra;Ak;NghJ fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba tplakhf/ tplaq;fshf mikahjJ/ mikahjit>
^1& A khj;jpuk;
^2& B khj;jpuk;
^4& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^5& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^3& C khj;jpuk;
xU Ftpaj;ij (Hub) khj;jpuk; gad;gLj;jpf; fzpdpfs; njhLf;fg;gLk; ,lj;Jup tiyaikg;gpw;F (LAN) kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tiyaikg;G ,ltpay; (Network Topology) ahJ?
^1& ghl;il (Bus)
^2& fz;zp (Mesh) ^3& kuk; (Tree)
^4& tpz;kPd; (Star) ^5& tisak; (Ring)
5'
6' xd;wpypUe;njhd;W Vwj;jho 170 kPww
; u; J}uj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ,U fl;llq;fspy; cs;s fzpdpfisAk; JizAWg;GfisAk; njhLg;gjw;F kpfTk; cfe;j njhlu;ghly; Clfk; gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vJ?
^1& jbj;j Xur;R tlk; (Thick co-axial cable)
^2& Ez;ziy (Microwave)
^3& ,io xspapay; tlk; (Fiber optic cable)
^4& ftrkplh KWf;fpiz tlk; (Unshielded twisted pair cable)
^5& ftrkpl;l KWf;fpiz tlk; (Shielded twisted pair cable)
OSI khjpupaj;jpy; cs;s ve;jg; gilfs; TCP/IP khjpupaj;jpy; cs;s gpuNahfg; gilf;F
(Application layer) xj;jit?
^1& ngsjpf (Physical), juT ,izg;G (Data link), Nghf;Ftuj;J (Transport)
^2& juT ,izg;G> tiyaikg;G (Network), mku;T (Session)
^3& Nghf;Ftuj;J> gpuNahf (Application), mku;T
^4& epfo;j;Jif (Presentation), gpuNahf> mku;T
^5& gpuNahf> ngsjpf> tiyaikg;G
7'
8' juT Kiwtopahf;f MAs; tl;lj;jpd; (Data Processing Life Cycle) gbKiwfs; gw;wpa gpd;tUk; tplaq;fisf; fUJf.
A - juT cs;sPL
B - juT Nrfupj;jy;
C - juT Kiwtopahf;fk;
D - juTj; Njf;fKk; tUtpisTk;
,tw;wpd; rupahd xOq;FKiw
^1& A, B, C, D ^4& C, B, D, A ^2& B, A, C, D ^5& D, A, B, C ^3& B, D, A, C
9' fzpdpr; nra;gzpj; njhFjpgw;wpa gpd;tUk; $w;Wfisf; fUJf. A - fzpdp tsq;fis Kfhkpf;fpd;wJ.
B - gadUf;Fk; fzpdpf;FkpilNa ,ilKfj;ij cUthf;Ffpd;wJ.
C - er;R epuypypUe;J (Virus) fzpdpiag; ghJfhf;fpd;wJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;WfspilNa cz;ikahdJ/ cz;ikahdit
^1& A khj;jpuk;
^2& B khj;jpuk; ^3& C khj;jpuk;
^4& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 122 -
10' gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; jpwe;j %yk; (Open Source) ahJ?
^1& Ubuntu
^2& Lotus 123
^4& PhotoShop
^5& Auto CAD
11' gpd;tUk; igjd; juTfisf; fUJf.
'win', ['Nimal',55,'male'], ('abc',45,'xyz'),
mj;juTfSf;Fupa igjd; juT tiffs; KiwNa
^1& string, float, double, array MFk;.
^2& string, tuple, dictionary, list MFk;.
^3& string, long, float, complex MFk;.
^4& string, array, integer, list MFk;.
^5& string, list, tuple, dictionary MFk;.
^3& DOS
{2:'name','tel':'0721475454'}
12' xU juTj; jsj;ijj; jpl;lkpLk;NghJ gpd;gw;wg;gLk; gbKiwfs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
A - jUf;f tbtikg;G (Logical design)
B - ngsjpf cs;sf tbtikg;G (Physical design)
C - vz;zf;fU tbtikg;G (Conceptual design)
,g;gbKiwfspd; Fwpj;j xOq;FKiw
^1& A, B, C
^2& A, C, B ^3& B, A, C ^4& B, C, A
^5& C, A, B
13' CSS gw;wpa
A B C D -
gpd;tUk; $w;Wfisf; fUJf.
tiyg; gf;fj;jpd; nraw;ghl;il topg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
Cascade Style Sheet ,d; KjnyOj;Jg; ngauhFk; (acronym). Computer System Software ,d; KjnyOj;Jg; ngauhFk;.
tiyg; gf;fk; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjj;ij Kiwtopahf;fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;WfspilNa kpfr; rupahd $w;Wfs; ahit?
^1& A, D
^2& B, D ^3& A, B, C ^4& A, B, D ^5&
B, C, D
14' BLOG gw;wpa gpioahd $w;iwj; njupe;njLf;f.
^1& NtW BLOG cld; njhlu;G ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis ghlk;> glk; Nghd;wtw;iwf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
^2& tpahghug; gzpfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. ^3& fUj;Jfisg; gupkhwpf;nfhs;sg; gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;.
^4& gzj;ij mwtplhj BLOG ntspaPl;Lf; fUtp ^publishing tool& tiyapy; ^www)
^5&
,Uf;fpd;wJ.
jdpg;gl;l jpdg;gjpNtL Nghd;wJ.
15' tiyg; gf;fg; guPl;rfu; fzpdpapy; jw;fhypfj; juTfisj; Njf;fp itg;gjw;Fg; gad;glj;jf;fJ>
^1& CSSs ^2& Frames ^3& Sessions ^4& Forms
^5& Cookies
16' juk; 8 ,d; ,Wjpj; jtizg; guPl;irg; Gs;spfspd; mwpf;iffisj; jahupj;J Kbj;j Mrpupia
tFg;gpy; fPjh Kjy; khztp vd vy;NyhiuAk; mioj;J ntspapl;lhu;. ,j;jfty;fspd; cau;e;jgl;rg;
ngWkhdk; fPjhTf;F vf;fzj;jpy; fpilj;jJ?
^1& ghlrhiyapd; guprspg;G tpohtpy; fPjhtpd; ngaiu ntspapl;l fzj;jpy;
^2& tFg;gpy; Kjyhk; Ms; fPjh vd khztu;fSf;F Mrpupia mwptpj;j fzj;jpy;
^3& tFg;gpy; Kjyhk; Ms; fPjh vdg; ngw;Nwhu; mwpe;Jnfhz;l fzj;jpy;
^4& ez;gpfs; fPjhTf;F tho;j;Jj; njuptpj;j fzj;jpy;
^5& fPjhtpd; jhahu; mtUf;Fg; gupR toq;fpa fzj;jpy;
17' xUtu; jkJ tPl;bypUe;J tpkhdg; gazr; rPl;ilg; ngWjy; gpd;tUk; ve;j tif kpd;tu;j;jfj;jpw;F cupaJ?
^1& B 2 B
^2& B 2 C
^3& C 2 C
^4& C 2 G ^5& G 2 C
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 123 -
18' gpd;tUk; epidtfq;fisf; fUJf.
A - thrpg;G kl;Lk; epidtfk; (Read Only Memory)
B - Jizj; Njf;ffk; (Secondary Storage)
C - gjpNtl;L epidtfk; (Register Memory)
D - gspr;rPl;L epidtfk; (Flash Memory)
E - jw;Nghf;Fg; ngWtop epidtfk; (Random Access Memory)
,e;epidtf tiffspilNa mopjF epidtfr;
^1& A, B
^2& A, C ^3& C, D
(Volatile Memory) Nrhb ahJ?
^4& C, E
^5& D, E
19' Kiwtopahf;f epiyik tupg;glk; (Process State Diagram) fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j tupg;glj;jpy; KiwNa A, C, E Mfpatw;wpdhy; tifFwpf;fg;gLk; Kiwtopahf;f
epiyikfs; (Process States) ahit?
^1& Xl;l epiyik (Running State)" Mf;fpa epiyik (Created State)" jilg;gl;l epiyik
(Block State)
^2& Mf;fpa epiyik> Xl;l epiyik> jilg;gl;l epiyik
^3& jilg;gl;l epiyik> Xl;l epiyik> Mf;fpa epiyik
^4& Xl;l epiyik> jilg;gl;l epiyik> Mf;fpa epiyik
^5& Mf;fpa epiyik> jilg;gl;l epiyik> Xl;l epiyik
20' juTj;js Kfhikj; njhFjpapd; (Database Management System) gpujhd njhopyhf mikahjJ>
^1& juT Nrfupj;jy; (Data Collection)
^2& Njf;fp itf;fNtz;ba juTfspd; tif (type)" khjpupak;> vy;iy Kiwtopahf;fk;
^3& tpN\l juTfisj; njupe;njLj;jy;> juTfis ,w;iwg;gLj;jy;> mwpf;iffisj; jahu; nra;jy;
^4& gad;gLj;Jgtu; juTj; jsj;ijf; ifahs;tjw;F tha;g;ig mspj;jy;
^5& Njitaw;w gad;ghLfspypUe;J juTfisg; ghJfhj;jy;
21' njhlu;ghly; gw;wpa gpd;tUk; $w;Wfisf; fUJf.
A - miu ,Utopg;Nghf;Fj; (half duplex) njhlu;ghly; xt;nthU fzj;jpYk; ,U jpirfspYk; eilngWfpd;wJ.
B - nghJ epiykhw;Wj; njhiygd;dp tiyaikg;G (PSTN -Public Switched Telephone Network)" miu ,Utopg;Nghf;Fj; njhlu;ghly; Kiwiag; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
C - njhiyfhl;rpj; njhlu;ghly; xw;iwj; (simplex) njhlu;ghly; Kiwiag; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;WfspilNa rupahdJ/ rupahdit
^1& A khj;jpuk; ^2& B khj;jpuk; ^3& C khj;jpuk;
^4& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; 2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 124 -
22' gpd;tUk; A, B, C, D vd;Dk; cUf;fspd; tiyaikg;G ,ltpay;fspd; (Network Topologies)
ngau;fs; KiwNa"
A
^1&
^2&
^3&
^4&
^5&
B
C
D
tpz;kPd;fs;> tisak;> ghl;il> rhyfk; MFk;.
tpz;kPd;fs;> tisak;> kuk;> rhyfk; MFk;.
rhyfk;> tpz;kPd;fs;> tisak;> ghl;il MFk;.
ghl;il> tpz;kPd;fs;> tisak;> rhyfk; MFk;.
kuk;> tisak;> ghl;il> rhyfk; MFk;.
23' Ms;fsg; ngau;r; Nritafk; fzpdp DNS (Domain Name Server) njhlu;ghfr; rupahd $w;iwj;
njupe;njLf;f.
^1& tpUe;Njhk;Geu; ngau; (Host Name) IP Kftupf;Fg; glkplg;gLk; (Mapping) Nritaff; fzpdp
^2& tputy; juTj;jsj; njhFjpiaf; (Distributed Database System) ifahsg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
Nritaff; fzpdp
^3& mbfhug;gbepiy (hierarchical) my;yhj epu;khzpg;G khjpupak; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Nritaff; fzpdp
^4& kpd;dQ;ry; Njf;fp itf;fg;gLk; Nritaff; fzpdp
^5& If;fpa mnkupf;f muRfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ngupa mstpyhd Nritaff; fzpdp
24' gpd;tUk; IP Kftupfisf; fUJf.
A - 137.10.23.4 B - 192.10.23.4 C - 200.10.23.4
D - 222.10.23.4
E - 224.10.23.4
,tw;wpy; tFg;G C apd; (Class C) IP Kftupfs;
^1& A, B, C Mfpad
^2& A, B, E Mfpad
^3& A, D, C Mfpad
^4& B, C, D Mfpad
^5& B, D, E Mfpad
25' %ba njhFjp (Closed system) njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUk; ,ay;Gfisf; fUJf.
A - gy;NtW njhFjpfSld; njhlu;Ggl;l jfty;fisg; ngWfpd;wJ.
B - epr;rakhd vy;iyapDs;Ns> mjhtJ> xU Fwpj;j tiuaWj;j epahahjpf;f vy;iyapDs;Ns jdpj;J ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
C - Gw khWe; njhlu;Gfis Kf;fpakw;wdthff; fUJfpd;wJ.
D - njhFjpf;F khj;jpuk; tiuaWj;j fUj;JfSk; Fwpf;Nfhs;fSk; cs;sd.
E - cl;GftpLk; njhFjpahFk;
,tw;wpilNa xU %ba njhFjpapy; ,Uf;fj;jf;f mbg;gil ,ay;Gfs;
^1& A, B, C
^2& A, B, E ^3& B, C, D'
^4& B, C, E
26' xU njhFjp gw;wpa gpd;tUk; ,ay;Gfisf; fUJf.
A - njhFjp xOq;fike;jpUj;jy;
B - cgnjhFjpfspilNa ,ilj;njhlu;Gilikfs; ,Uj;jy;
C - xU epr;ra Nehf;fk; ,Uj;jy;
D - vg;NghJk; ntw;wpfukhd tUtpisT ,Uj;jy;;
,tw;wpilNa njhFjpapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba mbg;gil ,ay;Gfs;
^1& A, B ^2& B, C 2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
^3& C, D
^4& A, B, C
^5& C, D, E ^5& B, C, D
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 125 -
27' fd;nra; njhFjp (Kansei System) Kiwapay; gw;wpa gpd;tUk; $w;Wfisf; fUJf.
A - czu;r;rpfukhf cgtpay;Gfisf; ifahs;fpd;wJ.
B - Gjpa cyff; fzpdpj; jpl;lkplypd; ehl;lj;Jld; njhlu;Ggl;Ls;sJ.
C - ifj;njhopd;kakhf;fj;jpy; ghjf tpisitf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
,tw;wpilNa cz;ikahdJ
^1& A khj;jpuk;
^2& B khj;jpuk;
^3& C khj;jpuk;
^4& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
28' HTML tiyg; gf;fj;jpy; cs;s Xu; ml;ltizAld; xU epiuiar; Nru;f;Fk;NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
epakf; Nfhit ahJ?
^1& <tr> line ^4& <tr> line <tr>
^2& <tr> line <tr/>
^5& <tr line tr>
^3& <tr> line </tr>
29' gpd;tUtdw;wpilNa kpd;tu;j;jfj;jpw;F (E-commerce) Xu; cjhuzkhf mikahjJ ahJ? ^1&gq;Fr; re;ijapd; gq;F tpiyfis ,izaj;jpD}lhf tpsk;guQ; nra;jy;
^2&gq;Fr; re;ijapypUe;J gq;Ffisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jiyAk; tpw;wiyAk; juFf; fk;gdpfspDlhf
,izaj;jpd; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sy;
^3&fldl;ilfisg; gad;gLj;jp ,izaj;jpD}lhff; nfhLg;gditr; nra;J nghUs;fis ,wf;Fkjp
nra;jy;
^4&xU epWtfj;jpd; Ntjdq;fisj; jahu; nra;jiyf; fzpdpg;gLj;jy;
^5&,izaj;jpD}lhff; nfhLg;gdT nra;tjd; %yk; Gj;jfq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy;
30' 27510> 25010 vd;Dk; vz;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; $w;Wfs; KiwNa
^1& 4238> FA16 MFk; ^2&4238> 3718 MFk; ^4& 11316> 4728 MFk;
^5&4218> FA16 MFk;
31'
Student
SNo Name
1
Kamal
2
Seetha
^3& 21316> FB16 MFk;
Address
Negombo
Colombo
,t;tl;ltiz gw;wpa gpd;tUk; $w;Wfisf; fUJf :
A - mjpy; %d;W epiufs; (Tuples) cs;sd.
B - student njhlu;ig (Relation) tif Fwpf;fpd;wJ.
C - SNo %yk; Kjy; rhtpiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
D - ,q;F Kjypik (Cardinality) 3 MFk;
,tw;wpilNa rupahdJ/ rupahdit
^1& A khj;jpuk;
^2& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^3& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^4& B, D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
^5& D khj;jpuk;
32' fPNoAs;s cUtpy; Xu; ER tupg;glj;jpd; xU gFjp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
DOB
Age
Emp-No
Employee
Qualifications
Emp-Name
Designation
mt;tupg;glj;jpdhy; gpd;tUk; vt;tpay;G tif Fwpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy?
^1& cs;nghUs; (Entity)
^2& gz;G (Attribute)
^3& gy;ngWkhdg; gz;G (Multi Attribute)
^4& njhlu;Gilik (Relationship)
^5& ngw;w gz;G (Derived Attribute)
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 126 -
÷
ntg;gepiyiar; nry;rpa]; mstpilapypUe;J guidw;W mstpilf;F khw;Wtjw;F mikf;fg;gl;l
nra;epuy; (Program) fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mjidf; nfhz;L 33> 34 Mfpa tpdhf;fSf;F tpil
vOJf.
#program to convert Celsius Temperature to Fahrenheit
c=input ('Enter Temperature in Celsius:')
f=c*9/5.0+32
print "Fahrenheit %d" %f
33'
,g;igjd; nra;epuiyr; Nrkpf;fg;
gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; ahJ?
(save) gad;gLj;jj;jf;f kpf cfe;j ePl;bg;G cs;s Nfhg;Gg; ngau;
^1& Temperature Celsius into Fahrenheit.python
^2& Temperature Celsius into Fahrenheit.pyp
^3& cel_into_fah.pyc
^4& cel_into_fah.py
^5& temp_conv.pyc
34' jug;gl;Ls;s nra;epuy; tOTs;sJ. vjpu;ghuhj tUtpisitg; ngWtjw;F mjidg; gpd;tUk;
35'
vt;tpjkhfr; rupg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
^1& #program to convert Celsius Temperature to Fahrenheit vd;Dk; epiuia mfw;Wjy;
^2& c= input('Enter Temperature in Celsius:') epiuia c-input('Enter Temperature in
Celsius.') Mf khw;Wjy;
^3& F=c*9/5.0+32 epiuia f=c*9.0/5.0+32 Mf khw;Wjy;
^4& print "Fahrenheit %d" %f epiuia print "Fahrenheit %f" %f Mf khw;Wjy;
^5& print "Fahrenheit %d" %f epiuia print "Fahrenheit %f" f Mf khw;Wjy;
Student
SNumber
72339043 V
Mark
SNumber
72339043 V
60376682 V
72339043 V
Sname
Wijerathne
SubjectCode
NB1
NB2
NB2
SDOB
72.12.08
Sex
M
Address
Mawanella
Marks
54
87
65
Nkw;Fwpj;j ,U ml;ltizfisAk; fUJk;NghJ gpd;tUk; vf;$w;W cz;ikahdJ?
^1& SNumber MdJ Mark njhlu;gpd; (ml;ltizapd;) Kjy; rhtpahFk;.
^2&SNumber MdJ Mark njhlu;gpd; md;dpar; rhtp (Foreign key) MFk;.
^3& SNumber ck; SubjectCode ck; Student ml;ltizapd; xUq;FNru; rhtp (Composite key MFk;. ^4&SubjectCode MdJ Mark ml;ltizapy; cs;s khw;Wr; rhtp (Alternate key) MFk;.
^5& SubjectCode MdJ Student ml;ltizapy; cs;s Ntl;ghsu; rhtp (Candidate key)MFk;.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 127 -
SQL $w;iwf; fUJf.
SELECT emp.deptno, ename,sal, hiredata
FROM emp, dept
WHERE emp.deptno=dept.deptno
ORDER BY ename
36'
gpd;tUk;
37'
jug;gl;Ls;s nka;epiy ml;ltizapd; tUtpistpw;Fupa jUf;ff; $w;W
A
^1& A + B MFk;.
0
^2&A . B MFk;.
0
^3& A + B MFk;.
^4&A ⊕ B MFk;.
1
^5& A ⊕ B MFk;. 1
,f;$w;W njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUk; vk;KbT cz;ikahdJ?
^1& tUtpisT vd;gJ ename,sal, hiredata vd;Dk; gz;G khj;jpuNkahFk;.
^2& juTfisg; ngWtjw;F dept njhlu;Gilik khj;jpuk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
^3& juTfisg; ngWtjw;F emp, dept vd;Dk; ,U njhlu;GilikfSk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
^4&emp.deptno %yk; dept njhlu;gpd; gz;G tif Fwpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
^5& ,Wjpg; NgW deptno ngWkhdj;jpw;Nfw;g xOq;fhfj; njupe;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
38'
B
Output
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
B.C(A+BA) vd;Dk; g+ypad; Nfhitiar; RUf;Fk;NghJ fpilf;Fk; tpil ahJ?
^1& A B C ^2& A B C
^3& A B C ^4& A B C ^5& C A + B.C.A.
39' fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s HTML FwpaPl;Lj; Jz;ilf; fUJf.
<dl>
<dt>Sinharaja</dt>
<dd>Wet zone forest</dd>
<dt>Ritigala</dt>
<dd>Dry zone forest</dd>
</dl>
,f;FwpaPl;Lj; Jz;lk; tiy NkNyhbapd; (Web browser) %yk; vt;thW fhl;lg;gLk;?
Sinharaja
Wet zone forest
Ritigala
Dry zone forest
^1&
Sinharaja
Wet zone forest
Ritigala
Dry zone forest
^4&
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
Sinharaja
Sinharaja Wet zone forest
Wet zone forest
Ritigala Dry zone forest
Ritigala
Dry zone forest
^2&
^3&
Sinharaja
Wet zone forest
Ritigala
Dry zone forest
^5&
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 128 -
KFe;jd; nfhs;tdT nra;j xU jdpAupik cWjpr;rPl;L (proprietory licence) nkd;nghUis
mtDila ez;gd; Nkhfd; ,Wtl;by; gpujpnra;jhd;.
A- Nkhfd; mk;nkd;nghUisg; gpujpnra;jy; rl;luPjpahdjd;W
B - Nkhfd; jdJ ez;gdplkpUe;J nkd;nghUisf; Nfl;Lg; ngw;Ws;sikahy; mJ nkd;nghUs; fsT (software piracy) md;W.
C - KFe;jd; nkd;nghUisf; nfhs;tdT nra;Js;s NghjpYk; mjidg; gpujpnra;tjw;fhf NtW egu;fsplk; nfhLf;Fk; cupik mtDf;F ,y;iy.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;WfspilNa cz;ikahdJ/ cz;ikahdit
^1& A khj;jpuk; ^2& B khj;jpuk; ^3&
C khj;jpuk; ^4& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
40'
41'
r=11; y=2.5; c=4 vd r, y, c vd;Dk; khwpfSf;Fg; ngWkhdk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;J
,jw;Nfw;g> r%3*c+10/y vd;Dk; igjd; $w;wpd; rupahd ngWkhdk; ahJ?
42'
milg;gpDs;Ns ,Uf;Fk; igjd; nra;epuypd; tUtpisT ahJ?
÷ 43> 44 Mfpa tpdhf;fs; gpd;tUk; gha;r;ry; Nfhl;Lg;glj;ij mbg;gilaha;f; nfhz;lit.
^1& 6'2
^2& 8'0
^3& 12'0
^1& 4
^2& 6
^3& 10
^4& 14
^5& 40
^4& 24'0
^5& 40'0
j=10
y=4
if j<y or j!=4:
j-=y
print j
else:
y*=j
Print y
Start
r=5
s=3
r=r+s
s=r+3
display s
?
r<25
no
Yes
end
43' gha;r;ry; Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpd; tUtpisTfs; KiwNa
^1& 8" 11" 14" 17" 20" 23" 26 MFk;. ^2& 8" 11" 14" 17" 20" 23 MFk;.
^3& 8" 11" 22" 44" 88 MFk;. ^4& 11" 22" 44" 88 MFk;. ^5& 11" 22" 44 MFk;.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 129 -
44' gha;r;ry; Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpd; jUf;fj;jpw;Fupa rupahd Nghypf; FwpKiw (pseudo code) ahJ?
begin
r=5
s=3
r=r+s
s=r+3
display s
if r<25
end
^1&
begin
r=5
s=3
if r<25
r=r+s
s=r+3
display s
else
end
begin
r=5
s=3
while r<25
r=r+s
s=r+3
display s
end while
end
begin
r=5
s=3
do
r=r+s
s=r+3
display s
while r<25
end
^3&
^4&
^2&
begin
r=5
s=3
do
r=r+3
s=r+3
display s
while r<25
end
^5&
45' gpd;tUk; igjd; $w;Wfisf; fUJf. A - s="It's correct"
B - x=y=z=2.5
C - x,y,z=1,2.3,'string'
D - #This is not correct
E - a=['string',123]
F - b=5
while 4<=b>10:
b+=1
G - for x in range(0,12,3):
print x
H - a={'a':'b',4:40}
I - def fun1(a,b=4,l=[]):
return b*a
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wfs; njhlu;ghfr; rupahd KbG ahJ?
^1& A, B, C vd;Dk; $w;Wfs; khj;jpuk; rupahFk;.
^2&A, C, F vd;Dk; $w;Wfs; khj;jpuk; rupahFk;.
^3& D, E, F vd;Dk; $w;Wfs; khj;jpuk; rupahFk;.
^4&G, H, I vd;Dk; $w;Wfs; khj;jpuk; rupahFk;.
^5& vy;yhf; $w;WfSk; rupahFk;.
46' jkJ tpahghuj;ij tpupTgLj;jj; jPu;khdpj;j xUtu; mbg;gilahf mjw;F cfe;j xU fhzpiaf;
nfhs;tdT nra;aj; jPu;khdpj;jhu;. ,q;F Rw;whly; mjpy; tjpAk; kf;fspdJk; jdpahupdJk;
Njitfisg; g+u;j;jpnra;tjw;F vt;tsT J}uk; cfe;jJ vd;gij mtu; mwpaTs;shu;.
njhFjpiaf; jpl;lkpLtjw;F ePu;tPo;r;rp (Water fall) khjpupaw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ ,J kpfTk;
nghUj;jkhdJ.
^1& Njitfis ,dq;fhZk; fl;lj;jpw;F
^2& Njitfisg; gFg;ghAk; fl;llj;jpw;F
^3& njhFjpiaj; jpl;lkpLk; fl;lj;jpw;F
^4& njhFjpia mgptpUj;jpnra;Ak; fl;llj;jpw;F
^5& njhFjpiar; Nrhjpf;Fk; fl;lj;jpw;F
47'
njhFjp Vw;Gf; (System Acceptance) fl;lj;jpy; gadu; nra;a Ntz;ba kpf cfe;j Nrhjid
^1& ntz; ngl;br; Nrhjid (White box Testing).
^2& fUk; ngl;br; Nrhjid (Black box Testing).
^3& myFr; Nrhjid (Unit Testing).
^4& xUq;fpiz Nrhjid (Integrated Testing).
^5& FwpKiwr; Nrhjid (Code Testing).
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 130 -
48' ,aq;Fepiy vOkhdg; ngWtop epidtfj;jpw;Fk; (DRAM) khwhepiy vOkhdg; ngWtop
epidtfj;jpw;Fk; (SRAM) ,ilNa cs;s NtWghLfs;:
A - jw;fhyf; fzpdpfspy; ngUk;ghYk; fhzj;jf;f epidtf tif ,aq;Fepiy vOkhdg;
ngWtop epidtfk; (DRAM) MFk;.
B - ,aq;Fepiy vOkhdg; ngWtop epidtfj;jpDs;Ns cs;s juTfs; epjKk; GJg;gpf;fg;gLk;
(Refresh) mNjNtis khwhepiy vOkhdg; ngWtop epidtfj;jpDs;Ns (SRAM)
,Uf;Fk; juTfs; vt;thwy;y.
C - khwhepiy vOkhdg; ngWtop epidtfj;jpYs;Ns ,Uf;Fk; juTfs; mlu;j;jp Fiwe;jit.
,tw;wpilNa cz;ikahd $w;W/ $w;Wfs;
^1& A khj;jpuk;
^2& A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^3& A , C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^4& B, C Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& A "B, C Mfpa vy;yhk;
49' fzpdp nkhopngau;g;Gg; gw;wpa gpd;tUk; $w;Wfisf; fUJf.
A - tupnkhopkhw;wp (interpreter) vd;gJ xU fzpdp nkhopngau;g;ghf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis
mJ epiuapypUe;J epiu %yf; FwpKiwia (source code) nghwpnkhopahf (machine
language) khw;Wfpd;wJ.
B- njhFg;gp (compiler) %yk; Jtpjf; FwpKiw %y igw;Wf; FwpKiwahf
nkhopngau;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
C - epidTj; Jizf; (mnemonics) FwpKiw nkhopngau;g;Gf;fhf xUq;FNru;g;gp
vd;Dk; fzpdp nkhopngau;g;G epuy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
,tw;wpilNa cz;ikahdJ/ cz;ikahdit
^1& A khj;jpuk;
^2& B khj;jpuk;
^3& C khj;jpuk;
^4&A, B Mfpad khj;jpuk; ^5& A, C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
(assembler)
50' gpd;tUk; igjd; nra;epuiyf; fUJf.
from date import date
class dtcheck:
def_init_(self,y,m,d):
self.now=date.today()
self.dob=date(y,m,d)
self.age=self.now - self.dob
def printage(self):
return "your age %d"%((self.age.days)/365)
,q;F gpwe;j jpdj;ij ,l;lgpd;du; taij Mz;Lfspy; tUtpisthf;Ftjw;Fj; jahu; nra;j tFg;G
nkhba+y; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,k;nkhba+y; "dcheck.py" vd;Dk; Kftupg; ngaupd; %yk; igjd;
nra;epuyhfr; (save) Nrkpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;tFg;G nkhba+ypd; %yk; xU nghUis ^object&
epu;khzpj;J> mjw;F cs;sPl;il toq;Ftjd; %yk; tUtpisitg; ngwg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f rupahd
igjd; nkhba+y; ahJ?
import dcheck
^1&
w=dcheck.dtcheck(1976,11,10)
result=w.printage()
print w
^3&
^5&
^2&
import dcheck
w.dcheck(1976/11/10)
result=w.printage()
print result
import dcheck
u=dcheck.dtcheck(1976,11,10)
print u.printage()
^4&
import dcheck
w.dtcheck.dcheck(1976,11,10)
result=w.printage()
print result
w=dcheck.dcheck(1976/11/10)
result=w.printage()
print result
***
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 131 -
20 - jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gtpay;
tpdhj;jhs; II
Ú
gFjp A apy; vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJf.
* gFjp B apypUe;J ehd;F tpdhf;fSf;F khj;jpuk;
tpil vOJf.
gFjp A
1. (a) juTfSf;Fk; jfty;fSf;FkpilNa cs;s NtWghLfis cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(b) ifKiw (manual) njhlu;ghff; fzpdpfisg; gad;gLj;jpj; juTfisj; jahu; nra;tjd; %d;W
gpujhd mD$yq;fisf; fhl;Lf.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(c) fzpdpf; $u;g;gpy; Kjy; jiyKiw> ,uz;lhk; jiyKiw> %d;whk; jiyKiw> ehd;fhk;
jiyKiw Mfpatw;wpy; Vw;gl;l njhopDl;gtpay; NtWghLfis tpsf;Ff.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(d) fzpdpfs; njhlu;ghfj; juT Kiwtopahf;fj;jpy; ASCII, Unicode Nghd;w FwpKiwfisg;
gad;gLj;Jtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Ff.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(e) fzpdp mikg;gpy; cs;s vz;fzpjj; jUf;f myF ALU (Arithmetic and Logical Unit),
fl;Lg;ghl;L myF CU (Control Unit) vd;Dk; gFjpfspd; njhopiy tptupf;f.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 132 -
Employee
EmployeeNo EmpName EmpAddress EmpSalary
A001
Perera
Negombo
30,000
A002
Kamal
Kandy
45,000
(a) Nkw;Fwpj;j ml;ltizapy; gz;Gfs; (Attributes) Vw;gLfpd;wthW xU juTj;jsj;jpd;
ml;ltizia mikg;gjw;fhf Xu; SQL $w;iw cUthf;Ff.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2. (b) Insert Into 'Employee'('EmployeeNo', 'EmpName', 'EmpAddress', 'EmpSalary')
Values('A 003', 'Saman', 'Kandy', 20000)
,e;j SQL $w;iwr; nraw;gLj;Jk;NghJ juT mbapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; ahJ?
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(c) ALTER TABLE 'EMPLOYEE' ADD 'Department' VARCHAR (20)
,e;j SQL $w;iwr; nraw;gLj;jpa gpd;du; ml;ltizapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; ahJ?
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(d)
SELECT EmployeeNO, EmpName, EmpSalary
FROM Employee
WHERE EmpSalary >=30000
,e;j SQL $w;wpd; gpd;du; fpilf;Fk; NgW vJntd tptupf;f.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(e) NkNy (d) ,y; SQL $w;wpd; ,Wjpapy; ORDER BY EmpSalary vd;Dk; Jz;lj;ij
,izf;Fk;NghJ Ngwpd; ,Wjpapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; ahJ?
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 133 -
3. gj;J khztu;fshy; fzpjg; ghlj;jpw;Fg; ngwg;gl;l Gs;spfis cs;sPL nra;J mg;Gs;spfspd;
ruhrupg; ngWkhdj;ijf; fz;L mr;ruhrupg; ngWkhdj;jpw;Nfw;g tUtpisit ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
cUthf;fpa xU gha;r;ry; Nfhl;Lg;glk; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
Start
x=1
total=0
x<=10
NO
YES
get marks to the variable
maths
x=x+1
total=total+maths
avg=total/(x-1)
avg>50
YES
NO
Display"Bad"
Display"Good"
END
(a) ,g;gha;r;ry; Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpw;F cfe;j Nghypf; FwpKiwia (pseudo code) vOJf.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(b) ,g;gha;r;ry; Nfhl;Lg;glj;jpy; fhzj;jf;f fl;Lg;ghl;Lf; fl;likg;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(c) gpd;tUk; igjd; FwpKiwapd; %yk; tUtpisthf;fg;gLtJ ahJ?
for letter in “python-programming”:
if letter==’-’:
break
print letter
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
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(d) NkNy (c) apy; fhzg;gLk; igjd; FwpKiwapy; Fwpg;gpl;l break ,w;Fg; gjpyhf continue vd;gij ,Lk;NghJ fpilf;Fk; tUtpisitf; fhl;Lf.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4. ExpoBooks vd;gJ Gj;jf tpepNahf> re;ijg;gLj;jy; Nritfis toq;Fk; tiy flg;gplkhFk;. ,jd; xU tiyg;gf;fk; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
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(a) (i) kPapiz (hyperlink) vd;gjd; fUj;J ahJ?
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(ii) ,t;tiyg; gf;fj;jpy; Home vd;gJ xU nghj;jhd; vdpd;> mij click nra;Ak;NghJ Kjy;
gf;fj;jpw;F> mjhtJ index.html ,w;Fr; nry;tjw;F vOj Ntz;ba HTML FwpKiwj;
Jz;lj;ij vOJf. (Home nghj;jhDf;Fupa glj;ij Home.jpg vdf; fUJf.)
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(b) ,t;tiyg; gf;fj;jpy; Text Books vdf; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk; glj;ij Books.jpg vd;Dk; web
Nfhg;G ciwapDs;Ns Images cgNfhg;G ciwapDs;Ns ,Ug;gjhff; nfhz;L mjidf;
fhl;rpg;gLj;jg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba HTML FwpKiwia (link) ,izg;G> gz;Gfs; (attributes)
Mfpatw;Wld; vOJf. ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(c) Nkw;Fwpj;j tiyg;gf;fj;jpy; cs;s New Books ml;ltiziaf; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s
gpd;tUk; HTML FwpKiwj; Jz;lj;ijg; g+uzg;gLj;Jf.
<table border=1>
<tr>
.................................
.................................
.................................
................................
.................................
.................................
</table>
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
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(d)New Books ml;ltizapy; cs;s ,U Gj;jfq;fspdJk; ngau;fis xOq;fhd gl;bayhfj;
(ordered list) jahu; nra;tjw;F ePu; gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba HTML Kiwia vOJf.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(e) fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s ntw;wplq;fis epug;Gtjd; %yk; xml Ig; gad;gLj;jp Nkw;Fwpj;j ml;ltizapy;
Gj;jfq;fspd; ngau;fSk; tpiyfSk; vOjg;gLk; tpjj;ijf; fhl;Lf.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(f) tiyf; flg;gplj;jpy; cs;s Shopping cart ,d; %yk; mspf;fg;gLk; ,U Nritfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(g) kpd;re;ijiar; rhjhuz re;ijAld; xg;gpLk;NghJ kpd;re;ijapy; fhzg;gLk; ,U kl;Lg;ghLfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
* *
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
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gFjp B
1. ^a& gpd;tUk; g+ypad; Njw;wj;ij ^Boolean theorem& nka;epiy ml;ltizfisf; nfhz;L tha;g;Gg;
ghu;f;f.
A.(B+C) = A.B+A.C
^b& xU jUf;fr; Rw;wpd; tupg;glk; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mjidf; nfhz;L ^⁄&" ^⁄⁄&" ^⁄⁄⁄& vd;Dk;
gFjpfSf;F tpil vOJf.
A
B
F
C
^i& jug;gl;Ls;s jUf;fr; Rw;wpy; ^logical circuit& tUtpisT ^output) F ,w;fhd g+ypad;
Nfhitia cs;sPL (input) A, B, C Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;L vOJf.
^ii& jUf;fr; Rw;wpy; tUtpisT F vdpd;> f (A, B, C) ,w;Ff; fpilf;Fk; g+ypad; Nfhitiag;
ngUf;fj;jpd; $l;Lj;njhif ^sum of product - sop& ,d; epak tbtj;jpw;F khw;Wf.
^iii& NkNy ^ii& ,y; (standard sop) ,y; cs;s epak tbtf; Nfhitiaf; $l;Lj;njhifapd;
ngUf;f epak tbtj;jpw;F (standard pos) khw;Wf.
^c& g pd;tUk; g+ypad; Nfhitiaf; fu;dh tiuglj;ijg; (Karnaugh Map) gad;gLj;jpr; RUf;Ff.
f (A, B, C, D) = ABCD + ABCD+ ABCD +ABCD + ABCD + ABCD
+ ABCD+ ABCD + ABCD + ABCD
2. ^a& ^i& fzdp epidtf mjpfhug;gbepiyg; glj;ij tiue;J mjpy; cs;s epidtff; $l;lq;fspd;
gUkdpd; xOq;FKiwapy; nfhs;ssT> ngWtopf; fjp ^Access speed&> tpiy vd;Dk;
tplaq;fspy; ftdQ; nrYj;jp xg;gpl;Lg; gFg;gha;T nra;f.
^ii& 'jw;Nghf;Fg; ngWtop epidtfk; ^RAM& fzpdpg; gpuNahf nkd;nghUs; ^Application
software& gad;;ghl;by; gadUf;Fg; ngupJk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j epidtf tifahFk;."
,f;$w;Wg; gw;wpa ckJ fUj;ij tpsf;Ff.
^iii& gpd;tUk; epidtf tiffspd; gad;ghl;ilAk; mtw;wpd; rpwg;gpay;GfisAk; RUf;fkhff;
fhl;Lf.
a. thrpg;G kl;Lk; epidtfk; (Read Only Memory)
b. ,aq;Fepiyj; jw;Nghf;Fg; ngWtop epidtfk; (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
c. mopjF epidtfk; (Volatile Memory)
d. gspr;rPl;L epidtfk; (Flash Memory)
^b& ^i& Kiwtopfs; (processes) njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUtdgw;wpr; RUf;ff; Fwpg;Gfs; vOJf.
a. nray;tPjk; (Throughput)
b. kPs;tU Neuk; (Turnaround time)
c. fhj;jpU Neuk; (Waiting time)
d. Jyq;fy; Neuk; (Response time)
^ii& gpd;tUk; Kd;Fwpg;gPl;bfspd; (Scheduler) gpujhd njhopiy tptupf;f.
a. mDg;gp (dispatcher)
b. neLq;fhy Kd;Fwpg;gPl;b (Long-term scheduler)
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 137 -
3. xU tpisahl;Lf; fofj;jpd; cWg;gpdu; ^Member) gq;Fgw;Wtjw;Fg; gy;NtW tpisahl;Lfs; ^Sports)
cs;sd. ,t;tpisahl;Lfs; xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; xJf;fg;gl;l gapw;rpahsu; tPjk; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;.
cWg;gpdu;fspd; tptuk;> mtu;fs; njupe;njLj;j tpisahl;Lfs;> cupa gapw;rpahsu;fs; ^Coach)
gw;wpa juTfs; xU jl;ilf; Nfhg;gpy; (flat file) Njf;fpitf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mjpypUe;J ngau;j;njLj;j
,U cWg;gpdu;fs; gw;wpa
jfty;fs; fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
MemberID
M123
M123
M125
M125
MemberName
Saman
Saman
Anura
Anura
SportID
S 12
S 14
S 12
S 13
SportName
Judo
Karate
Judo
Boxing
CoachID
C 02
C 09
C 02
C 08
CoachName
Gamini
Sarath
Gamini
Nimal
(a) jl;ilf; Nfhg;gpy; Nkw;Fwpj;jthW juTfisj; Njf;fp itf;Fk;NghJ cz;lhFk; ,U Kf;fpa
tOf;fis Nkw;Fwpj;j ml;ltiziaf; nfhz;L tpsf;Ff.
(b) Xu; cWg;gpdu; jkJ juTfis xU njhlu;Gj; juTj;jsjjpy; (Relational Database) Njf;fp itf;fj;
jPuk
; hdpjJ
; s;shu;. mjw;F cfe;j gytpwF
; g; gythd (many-to-many) cs;nghUs; cwT khjpupaj;ij
ER (Entity Relationship Model) mikf;f.
(c) Nkw;Fwpj;j ER khjpupaj;jpd; %yk; fhl;lg;gLk; cs;nghUs;fisAk; (Entities) njhlu;GfisAk;
(Relationships) %d;whtJ rhjhuz tbtkhf (Third Normal Form) khw;wpa gpd;du; fpilf;Fk;
ml;ltizfis khjpupaq;fs; (Tables) > cupa rhtpg; Gyq;fs; (Key Fields) Mfpatw;Wld;
fhl;Lf.
4. (a) jpwe;j njhFjp ,ilj;njhlu;G (Open System Interconnection - OSI) khjpupaj;jpd; gilfis
KiwNa Fwpg;gpLf.
(b) ngsjpf (Physical), gpuNahfg; (Application) gilfspd; gpujhd njhopy;fis tptupf;f.
(c) tiyaikg;Gg; gilapy; (Network Layer) gad;gLj;jg;gLk; %d;W nrk;ik elg;G tof;Ffis
(Protocols) vOJf.
(d) gpd;tUk; cgfuzq;fs; gw;wpr; RUf;ff; Fwpg;Gfs; vOJf.
• kPs;nra;apfs; (Repeaters)
• Ftpaq;fs; (Hubs)
• Eiothapy;fs; (Gateways)
(e) Ftpaq;fSf;Fk; (Hubs) epiykhw;wpfSf;Fk; (Switches) ,ilNa cs;s NtWghLfis
tpsf;Ff.
(f) VO fzpdpfSk; tiyaikg;Gg; glq;fSk; ck;kplk; toq;fg;gl;ljhff; fUjp> ku ,ltpay;
(Tree Topology) tpjkhf xU rpwpa fzpdp tiyaikg;G cUthf;fg;gLk; tpjj;ij xU
tupg;glj;jpy; tiue;J fhl;Lf.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 138 -
5. (a) nkhopj; njhFg;gpfs; (Compilers), tupnkhop khw;wpfs; (Interpreters) Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilj;
njhopy;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L
; >
gpujp$yq;fisAk; xg;gpLf.
mtw;iwg;
gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ
fpilf;Fk;
mD$yq;fisAk;
(b) gpd;tUk; igjd; nra;epuy;fspilNa tO ,y;yhj nra;epuy;fisf; fhl;Lf.
tO ,y;yhj nra;epuy;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;NghJ fpilf;Fk; tUtpisTfisf; fhl;Lf.
tO cs;s nra;epuy;fisj; jpUj;jp mr;rupahd nra;epuy;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;NghJ
fpilf;Fk; tUtpisTfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(i) animals=['Dog','Rat','Cat']
animals.sort()
for animal in animals:
print i,animal.strip(),len(animal)
i t=1
(ii) def times(a):
for i in range(1,12):
print a,' x ', i,' = ',a*i
times(5)
(c) xU tFg;gpd; khztu;fspd; %d;W ghlq;fSf;Fg; ngw;w Gs;spfs; xt;nthU khztdJk;
ngaUld; gpd;tUkhW "Input.text vd;Dk; ngaupYs;s Nfhg;gpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.
Nimal, 20, 10, 30
Saman, 40, 60, 45
Mala, 22, 65, 75
xt;nthU khztDk; %d;W ghlq;fSf;Fg; ngw;w Gs;spfspd; $l;Lj;njhifAk; ,ilAk; gpd;tUkhW cs;sL
P nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lnkdf; fUJf.
1. Nimal 60
20.0
2. Saman 145 48.3
3. Mala 162 54.0
,jw;fhf mikj;j g+uzkw;w xU igjd; FwpKiw fPNo fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;FwpKiwapd; g+uzkw;w jhdq;fs; Kwpe;j NfhLfspdhy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s.
def total(marks):
#compute the total
total=0
for mark in marks
__________
return total
f=open("inpit.text")
line=f.readline()
i= _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
while(line ='')
record=line.strip('\n').split(",")
aggregate=total_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
print i,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
i +=1
line = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
f.close()
Nkw;Fwpj;j FwpKiwfis cupa tUtpisitg; ngWtjw;F cfe;jthW g+uzg;gLj;Jf.
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
- 139 -
6. (a) xUtu; flYzitj; (sea food) jahu; nra;tjw;Fk; re;ijg;gLj;Jtjw;Fkhd xU epWtfj;ij
elj;Jtjw;F cj;Njrpj;Js;shu;. mtu; jdJ njhFjpiaj; jpl;lkpLk;NghJ gpd;gw;Wtjw;F
vjpu;ghu;fF
; k; ,U njhFjp mgptpUj;jp Kiwapay;fisf; fhl;Lf.
,tw;wpy; kpf cfe;j Kiwapaiyf; fhuzq;fSld; fhl;Lf.
(b) njhFjp Kfhikiaf; fUj;jp; y; nfhz;L
(i) njhFjp Kfhik kl;l Kf;Nfhzpf;Fupa re;ju;g;gq;fis tifFwpf;f.
(ii) mYtyfj; jd;dpaf;fj; njhFjpapy; Nkw;Fwpj;j re;ju;g;gq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;glj;jf;f
tpjj;ijf; fhl;Lf.
(iii) mYtyfj; jd;dpaf;fj; njhFjpapd; %yk; fpilf;fj;jf;f %d;W mD$yq;fisAk; %d;W
gpujp$yq;fisAk; fhl;Lf.
(c) njhFjpr; Nrhjidapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nts;isg; ngl;br; (white box) NrhjidiaAk;
fWg;Gg; ngl;br; (black box) NrhjidiaAk; xg;gpLf.
(d) nra;epuy;fis mikf;Fk;NghJ mikf;fg;gLk; nra;epuy;fs; njhlu;ghff; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s
Ntz;ba ehd;F tpNrlkpf;f fUkq;fis Fwpg;gpLf. mtw;Ws; ,U tplaq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
mjw;fhd fhuzq;fisf; fhl;Lf.
***
2011 ,Yk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s f. ngh.j. (c. ju)g; guPl;irf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk;
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