CDM 植 林 人 材 育 成 事 業

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人
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߹߃߇߈
ᐔᚑ 9 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ࿖ㅪ᳇୥ᄌേᨒ⚵᧦⚂╙ਃ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏㧔COP㧟㧕ߢណᛯߐ
ࠇߚ੩ㇺ⼏ቯᦠߪᤓᐕ 2 ᦬ߦ⊒ലߒ‫ࠍࠇߎޔ‬ฃߌߡࠞ࠽࠳ߩࡕࡦ࠻࡝ࠝ࡯࡞ߢ 11㨪12 ᦬ߦ
੩ㇺ⼏ቯᦠ╙৻࿁✦⚂࿖ળว߇㐿௅ߐࠇߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ળวߦࠃࠅ‫ࡦ࡯࡝ࠢޟޔ‬㐿⊒ࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ
㧔CDM㧕‫ࠍޠ‬฽߻੩ㇺࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߩ࡞࡯࡞߇ᱜᑼߦ᳿ቯߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ㅜ਄࿖ߩᜬ⛯
น⢻ߥ᫪ᨋ⚻༡߳ߩข⚵ࠍ CDM ᬀᨋߩታᣉࠍㅢߓߡᡰេߔࠆㅜ߇㐿߆ࠇߚ‫ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬
CDM ᬀᨋߩડ↹‫ޔ‬ታᣉ‫ࠍߤߥࠣࡦ࡝࠲࠾ࡕޔ‬ᜂ߁ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ㅜ਄࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬
ᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ࠆ⃻⁁ߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
‫ޟ‬CDM ᬀᨋੱ᧚⢒ᚑ੐ᬺ‫⁁ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔߪޠ‬ᴫߦኻᔕߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᨋ㊁ᐡߩ࿖㓙ᨋᬺදജ੐ᬺ
ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 19 ᐕᐲ߹ߢߩ 5 ࠞᐕߩ⸘↹ߢ㧔⽷㧕࿖㓙✛ൻផㅴ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ታᣉߒߡ
޿ࠆ߽ߩߢ‫ޔ‬
ㅜ਄࿖෸߮ᚒ߇࿖ߩ CDM ᬀᨋࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻࡮ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߩੱ᧚⢒ᚑࠍⴕ޿ CDM
ᬀᨋߩផㅴࠍ࿑ࠅ‫ߡߞ߽ޔ‬ㅜ਄࿖ߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ᫪ᨋ⚻༡߳ߩข⚵ࠍᡰេߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣ
ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
੐ᬺߩታᣉߦᒰߚߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇᢎ᝼ ᫪Ꮉ㕏ඳ჻ࠍᆔຬ㐳ߣߔࠆ‫ޟ‬CDM ᬀᨋੱ᧚
⢒ᚑ⺞ᩏᆔຬળ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔߡ޿߅ߦޠ‬ታⴕ⚿ᨐࠍ〯߹߃ߟߟ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺߩᣇ㊎߿⸘↹ߩ╷ቯ‫ޔ‬
ౕ૕⊛ߥታᣉᣇᴺ╬ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ޿‫੹ޔ‬ᐕᐲߪ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝ⎇ୃߦ޽ߞߡߪ‫ᤨୃ⎇ޔ‬㑆ߩ᜛
ᄢ‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖ⎇ୃߦ޽ߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߥኻ⽎࿖(ࡌ࠻࠽ࡓ)ߢߩታᣉ╬ߩኻᔕࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬
⺞ᩏᆔຬળߦෳ↹ߐࠇߚᆔຬߩ⻉వ↢ᣇࠍᆎ߼‫ޔ‬࿖ౝ⎇ୃ࡮ᶏᄖ⎇ୃߩ⻠Ꮷࠍ߅㗿޿ߒ
ߚᣇ‫⃻ޔޘ‬࿾ߢߩ⎇ୃḰ஻ߦදജ㗂޿ߚ㑐ଥᯏ㑐ߩ⊝᭽ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᩰ೎ߩߏᜰዉ࡮ߏදജࠍ⾦
ࠅෘߊ߅␞↳ߒ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬
߹ߚ‫ᧄޔ‬੐ᬺࠍታⴕߔࠆߦ޽ߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ᙣಾߥߏᜰዉࠍ⾦ߞߚᨋ㊁ᐡߩ‫ޔ‬ጊ↰ᄈᄦ೨⸘↹⺖㐳‫ޔ‬
ᴧ↰ᱜବ⸘↹⺖㐳ਗ߮ߦ᳗⋡દ⍮㇢ᶏᄖᨋᬺදജቶ㐳ߘߩઁ㑐ଥฦ૏ߦߪᷓߊᗵ⻢ࠍ↳ߒ
਄ߍߚ޿‫ޕ‬
ᐔᚑ㧝㧤ᐕ㧟᦬
㧔⽷㧕࿖㓙✛ൻផㅴ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
ℂ੐㐳 Ⴆᧄ 㦪ਭ
⋡ ᰴ
Σ ੐ᬺߩ᭎ⷐ ········································································· 1
㧝 ੐ᬺߩ⢛᥊ߣ⋡⊛ ························································ 1
㧞 ታᣉ⸘↹╬ߩᬌ⸛ ························································ 1
㧔㧝㧕㧯㧰㧹ᬀᨋੱ᧚⢒ᚑ⺞ᩏᆔຬળ ········································ 1
㧔㧞㧕╙৻࿁ᆔຬળ ································································ 2
㧔㧟㧕╙ੑ࿁ᆔຬળ ································································ 4
Τ ᶏᄖ⎇ୃ ············································································· 6
㧝 ᣣ⒟㨯ෳട⠪╬ ····························································· 6
㧞 ⎇ୃ᭎ⷐ ······································································ 6
㧟 ⎇ୃᚑᨐ ······································································ 7
Υ ࿖ౝ⎇ୃ ··········································································· 14
㧝 ⎇ୃࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ ······················································ 14
㧞 ⎇ୃ↢෸߮⎇ୃᚑᨐ··················································· 14
⾗ᢱ ··························································································· 19
Σ ੐ᬺߩ᭎ⷐ
㧝 ੐ᬺߩ⢛᥊ߣ⋡⊛
࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ㒐ᱛኻ╷ࠍല₸⊛ߦផㅴߔࠆ‫ࡦ࡯࡝ࠢޟ‬㐿⊒ࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ㧔CDM㧕‫ޔߪޠ‬ᐔᚑ 9
ᐕᣣᧄߢ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬࿖ㅪ᳇୥ᄌേᨒ⚵᧦⚂╙ਃ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏㧔COP3㧕‫ߢޠ‬ណᛯߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬੩
ㇺ⼏ቯᦠ‫ߡߞࠃߦޠ‬ഃ⸳ߐࠇߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫ߩߎޔ‬೙ᐲࠍታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߩౕ૕⊛ߥ࡞࡯࡞૞ࠅ
ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 13 ᐕߩ COP7 ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ ߩߎޟޔ‬CDM ೙ᐲߦๆ෼Ḯ CDM ੐ᬺ㧔ᬀᨋ㧕
ࠍ฽߼ࠆ‫߇ߣߎޠ‬วᗧߐࠇ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬ᐔᚑ 15 ᐕߩ COP9 ߢߪ‫ޟ‬ๆ෼Ḯ CDM ᬀᨋ੐ᬺߩౕ૕
⊛ߥታᣉᚻ⛯߈࡮ⷐઙ╬‫߇ޠ‬᳿ቯߐࠇ‫ߩߎޔ‬੐ᬺࠍታᣉߔࠆ࿖㓙⊛ߥ᧦ઙ߇㗅ᰴᢛߞߡ߈
ߚ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ਛߦ޽ߞߡ‫ޔ‬
‫ޟ‬੩ㇺ⼏ቯᦠ‫ޔߪߩ߽ߩߘޠ‬ណᛯ߆ࠄ 7 ᐕ૛ࠍ⚻ߚᐔᚑ 17 ᐕ 2
᦬ߦ⊒ലߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߩ߽ߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿖ߢߪ‫ޟ‬᷷ᥦൻኻ╷ߣߒߡߩ CDM ᬀᨋࠍ⥄࿖ߩ
ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ᫪ᨋㅧᚑ੐ᬺߣߒߡᵴ↪ߒߚ޿‫ޠ‬ᗧะࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ ߪߢ⁁⃻ޔ‬CDM ᬀᨋߩડ
↹࡮ታᣉ࡮ࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣߥߤࠍᜂ߁ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߇ਇ⿷ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬CDM ᬀᨋࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻࡮ࠬ
࠲࠶ࡈߩ⢒ᚑࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᚒ߇࿖ߢ߽ౝ㑑✚ℂᄢ⤿ࠍᧄㇱ㐳ߣߔࠆ࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻኻ
╷ផㅴᧄㇱ߇᳿ቯߒߚ‫ޟ‬࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻኻ╷ផㅴᄢ✁‫ޟߢޠ‬CDM ߳ߩ᳃㑆੐ᬺ⠪╬ߦࠃࠆข⚵
ࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑࠍⴕ߁‫ޔࠅ߅ߡࠇߐߣޠ‬CDM ᬀᨋࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ታᣉߩߚ߼ߩࠬ
࠲࠶ࡈ⢒ᚑ߇࿖ౝ⊛ߦ߽ᕆോߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߎߩߚ߼‫ᧄޔ‬੐ᬺߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅜ਄࿖෸߮ᚒ߇࿖ߩ CDM ᬀᨋࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻࡮ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߩੱ᧚⢒ᚑ
ࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬CDM ᬀᨋߩផㅴࠍ࿑ࠅ‫ߡߞ߽ޔ‬ㅜ਄࿖ߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ᫪ᨋ⚻༡߳ߩข⚵ࠍᡰេߔࠆ
ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧞 ታᣉ⸘↹╬ߩᬌ⸛
㧔㧝㧕%&/ ᬀᨋੱ᧚⢒ᚑ⺞ᩏᆔຬળ
ᆔຬ㐳
᫪Ꮉ 㕏
ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇੱ㑆⑼ቇㇱᢎ᝼
೽ᆔຬ㐳 ᫪ ᓼౖ
࿖㓙✛ൻផㅴ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ਥછ⎇ⓥຬ
ᆔຬ
ᄤ㊁ ᱜඳ
ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇੱ㑆⑼ቇㇱᢎ᝼
ᆔຬ
ᄢⷺ ᵏᄦ
࿖㓙✛ൻផㅴ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ਥછ⎇ⓥຬ
ᆔຬ
ᷡ㊁ ཅਯ
᫪ᨋ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ᫪ᨋᬀ↢⎇ⓥ㗔ၞ㐳
ᆔຬ
ዊፉ సᏆ
᧲੩ᄢቇࠕࠫࠕ↢‛⾗ḮⅣႺ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᢎ᝼
ᆔຬ
᧻የ ⋥᮸
ࠢ࡜ࠗࡔ࡯࠻ࠛࠠࠬࡄ࡯࠷ઍ⴫
ᆔຬ
ᮮ↰ ᐽ⵨
࿖㓙ㄘᨋ᳓↥⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᨋᬺㇱ⎇ⓥຬ
ጟጊᄢቇㄘቇㇱᢎ᝼ ᆔຬ ศᎹ ⾫
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㧔㧞㧕╙৻࿁ᆔຬળ㧔ᐔᚑ 17 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 13 ᣣ 㐿௅㧕
ᐔᚑ ᐕᐲ੐ᬺታᣉ⚿ᨐߣᐔᚑ ᐕᐲ੐ᬺታᣉ⸘↹ߣࠍ⼏㗴ߣߒߡክ⼏߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
ᐔᚑ ᐕᐲ੐ᬺታᣉ⚿ᨐߩႎ๔ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕᐲߩታⴕႎ๔ᦠߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ ᐕᐲ੐ᬺታᣉ⸘↹ߩክ⼏ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬᭎ⷐߪᰴߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧝㧕ᐔᚑ ᐕᐲᶏᄖ⎇ୃ
੐ോዪ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬
࡮ 㐿௅࿾ߪੑᐕㅪ⛯ߩࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߦઍ߃ߡࡌ࠻࠽ࡓߩࡂࡁࠗ‫ᧃ᦬ ߪᦼᤨޔ‬㨪 ᦬ೋ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ฃ⻠⠪ߪㄘᬺ㨯࿾ၞ㐿⊒⋭᫪ᨋዪߘߩઁ㑐ଥᯏ㑐⡯ຬ෸߮ࡒࡖࡦࡑ࡯ᨋᬺዪ⡯ຬ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߪ⧷⺆ߣࡌ࠻࠽ࡓ⺆ߢ૞ᚑ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ⎇ୃᦼ㑆ߪᐳቇੑᣣ㨯ታ⠌৻ᣣߩ⸘ਃᣣ㑆‫ޔ‬
࡮ ࡌ࠻࠽ࡓ஥⻠Ꮷ߆ࠄߪ‫ߩࡓ࠽࠻ࡌޟ‬᫪ᨋ᡽╷ߣ %&/ ᬀᨋ᡽╷‫ޟޠ‬%&/ ᬀᨋߩ␠ળ㨯⚻ᷣ㨯
ⅣႺᓇ㗀ߣ૑᳃⚵❱ൻ‫ޔ⟵⻠ߩޠ‬
࡮ ᣣᧄ஥⻠Ꮷ߆ࠄߪ‫ޟ‬%&/ ᬀᨋ᭎⺰‫ޠ‬
‫ޟ‬%&/ ᬀᨋߩ⿰ᣦߣ઀⚵ߺ‫ޟߣ⟵⻠ߩޠ‬὇⚛ๆ෼㊂᷹
ቯᴺ‫ߩޠ‬ታ⠌‫ޔ‬
╬ߩౝኈߢࡌ࠻࠽ࡓߩ᫪ᨋዪߣ⺞ᢛਛߢ޽ࠆᣦ‫⺑ޔ‬᣿ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ᆔຬ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ╙ਃ࿖߆ࠄߩෳടߦߟ޿ߡࡒࡖࡦࡑ࡯ߦჿࠍ߆ߌߡ޿ࠆℂ↱
࡮ ࠲ࠗߦᛂ⸻ߔࠆߎߣߩᤚ㕖
ߦߟ޿ߡ⾰໧߇಴ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬
੐ോዪࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ࡒࡖࡦࡑ࡯ߦߟ޿ߡߪ೎ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߢ⸰ࠇߚ ,+(241 ࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦߦኻߒᨋᬺዪ㐳߆ࠄ
%&/ ᬀᨋߦᒝ޿㑐ᔃ߇␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ࠲ࠗߦߟ޿ߡߪ %&/ ߦᓟࠈะ߈ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬
ࠍ⺑᣿ߒ‫ޔߦᦝޔ‬
࡮ ,+%# ߩ㐳ᦼᵷ㆜ኾ㐷ኅዊ↰⻞ᚑ᳁߆ࠄߩᖱႎߢߪ‫ ߪߢࡓ࠽࠻ࡌޔ‬%&/ ᬀᨋߦ㑐ᔃߪ޽ࠆ
߽ߩߩ %&/ ᬀᨋᣉ╷ߩᬌ⸛⁁ᴫߪᭂ߼ߡૐ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ‫᧚ੱޔ‬㙃ᚑߩ࠾࡯࠭ߪ㜞޿‫ޔ‬
ᣦߩ⵬⿷⺑᣿߇ⴕࠊࠇ‫ߪߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬੐ോዪ᩺ߦࠃࠅࡌ࠻࠽ࡓ஥ߣᦨ⚳⺞ᢛߦ౉ࠆߎߣ߇ੌ
⸃ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
㧞㧕ᐔᚑ ᐕᐲ࿖ౝ⎇ୃ
੐ോዪࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ᤨᦼߪ 2 ᦬ 20㨪23 ᣣߢ႐ᚲߪᨋ෹ࡆ࡞‫৻ߩୃ⎇ߒߛߚޔ‬Ⅳߣߒߡ߽૏⟎ઃߌࠆ࿖㓙ࡈ
ࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ(22 ᣣ)ߦߟ޿ߡߪࠝ࡝ࡦࡇ࠶ࠢ⸥ᔨ㕍ዋᐕ✚ว࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޔ‬
࡮ 16 ᐕᐲߪೋ⚖㨯ਛ⚖ߩ㧞ࠦ࡯ࠬࠍ㐿⸳ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ೋ⚖ฃ⻠⠪ߩᱴߤ߇ߘࠇߥࠅߩ⚻㛎⠪ߢ
޽ߞߚߩߢ‫੹ޔ‬ᐕᐲߪೋᐕᐲߩ 15 ᐕᐲห᭽ߩ㧝ࠦ࡯ࠬ૕೙ߦᚯߔ‫ޔ‬
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࡮ ᤓᐕᐲߩࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߢ‫ᤨ⇼⾰ޟޔ‬㑆߇ዋߥ޿‫ᤨୃ⎇ޟޔޠ‬㑆ߘߩ߽ߩ߇⍴޿‫ߩߣޠ‬ᗧ⷗߇
ᄙߊነߖࠄࠇߚߩߢ‫ ࠍࡑࠦߣ߭ୃ⎇ޔ‬75 ಽ߆ࠄ㧞㨪3 ᤨ㑆ߦ᜛ᄢ‫ᦼୃ⎇ޔ‬㑆߽࿖㓙ࡈ
ࠜ࡯࡜ࡓࠍ㒰޿ߚ 1.5 ᣣࠍ 3 ᣣߦ୚Ⴧ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻‫ߪ⟵⻠ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆‫⻠ࡓ࡜࡯ࠜࡈߒߛߚޔ‬Ꮷߣߩᗧ⷗੤឵ߪ⧷⺆‫ޔ‬
࡮ ⻠⟵⑼⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬ᨋ㊁ᐡᜂᒰቭߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬COP/MOP ߩേะ‫ޔޠ‬᫪ᨋ✚⎇ၳవ↢ߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬ᣇᴺ
⺰੐଀⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬
‫ޔ‬NGO ߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬PDD ߩ੐଀⎇ⓥ‫ޔޠ‬૑෹ᨋᬺᦥ↰᳁ߦࠃࠆ‫࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊޟ‬
ᒻᚑ੐଀‫ޔޠ‬JIFPRO ᫪ਥછ⎇ⓥຬߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬὇㉄ࠟࠬๆ෼㊂੍᷹ᴺ‫ޔޠ‬หᄢⷺਥછ⎇ⓥຬ
ߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬ዊⷙᮨ CDM ᬀᨋ‫੍ࠇߙࠇߘࠍޠ‬ቯߒ‫⟵⻠ޔ‬એᄖߢߪࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ⻠Ꮷߣߩᗧ⷗
੤឵ࠍ⸘↹‫ޔ‬
╬ߩᬌ⸛ࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆౝኈࠍ⺑᣿ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ᆔຬ߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ฦ⻠⟵Ფߦ⾰⇼ᔕ╵ᤨ㑆ࠍขࠆߩߪ⦟╷‫ߒߛߚޔ‬੐ോዪ߇มળㅴⴕߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬
࡮ 㧞㨪㧟ᤨ㑆ߩ⻠⟵ߪ⻠Ꮷ㨯ฃ⻠⠪෺ᣇߦߣߞߡ⚿᭴ࠠ࠷ࠗߩߢ‫ޔ‬ભᙑߣ⾰⇼ࠍ❱ࠅㄟࠎ
ߛᣇ߇⎇ୃലᨐ߽ࠕ࠶ࡊ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ฦ⻠⟵Ფߩ⾰⇼ᔕ╵ߣߪ೎ߦ‫ోޔ‬૕⊛ߥ⾰⇼ᔕ╵ࠍᦨ⚳ᣣߦ࠮࠶࠻ߒߚࠄ޿޿‫ޔ‬
࡮ ฃ⻠⠪ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߪᤓᐕߩਛ⚖⒟ᐲࠍᗐቯߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ޔ‬
࡮ ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⋧ᒰㇱಽ߇ᤓᐕߣห᭽ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ߽޿޿ߩ߆‫ޔ‬
࡮ ⻠⟵࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪห᭽ߢ߽‫ޔ‬COP ߿ᣇᴺ⺰㨯PDD ߩክᩏ⁁ᴫࠍ〯߹߃ߚࡃ࡯࡚ࠫࡦࠕ࠶
ࡊߦߥࠆߩߛࠈ߁‫ޔ‬
࡮ ᣇᴺ⺰੐଀⎇ⓥߪ‫ࠄߚߒߣ߁ࠃߒ੺⚫ࠍߡోࡁࡕࠆ޿ߡࠇߐ⺧↳ޔ‬ᄢᄌߛ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ࡄࡉ࡝࠶ࠢࠦࡔࡦ࠻ߢߤࠎߥᗧ⷗߇಴ߚ߆‫߁ߤߦࠇߘޔ‬ኻᔕߒߚ߆‫ޔ‬ᛚ⹺ߦ⥋ࠄߥ߆ߞ
ߚߩߪߤߎߢᒁߞដ߆ߞߚߩ߆‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬㘃ߩᖱႎ߇ታ㓙ߦߪᓎߦ┙ߟ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ᧪ᐕ 2 ᦬ᤨὐߢᛚ⹺ߐࠇߚᣇᴺ⺰߇಴ߡߊࠆ߆ߤ߁߆‫ޔ‬ᓸᅱߥߣߎࠈ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔ‬
╬ߩ⾰⇼㨯⼏⺰߇ߥߐࠇᦨ⚳⊛ߦߪ‫⟵⻠ޔ‬ౝኈߩ⺞ᢛߥߤ࿖ౝ⎇ୃߩ⸘↹૞ᚑߪ੐ോዪߦ৻
છߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
㧟㧕ߘߩઁ㧔 ᐕᐲ㨯 ᐕᐲߩᶏᄖ⎇ୃ⸘↹㧕
੐ോዪࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬
‫ޟ‬%&/ ᬀᨋੱ᧚⢒ᚑ੐ᬺߪ ࡩᐕ੐ᬺߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬㨪 ᐕᐲߩਃࡩᐕ㑆ߩᶏᄖ⎇
ୃߦߟ޿ߡߪࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ㨯ࡌ࠻࠽ࡓߣ૗ࠇ߽ࠕࠫࠕߢ㐿௅ߒߚ߇‫ᧄޔ‬ઙ੐ᬺߩ⿰ᣦ߇ࠃࠅ
ᄙߊߩㅜ਄࿖ߢߩੱ᧚⢒ᚑߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ ޔ‬ᐕᐲߦߟ޿ߡߪਛධ☨‫ ޔ‬ᐕᐲߦߟ޿ߡߪ
ࠕࡈ࡝ࠞߢߘࠇߙࠇ㐿௅ߔࠆᣇะߢᬌ⸛ࠍߔߔ߼ߚ޿‫ߩߣޠ‬⠨߃߇␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
ᆔຬ߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ߿ࡌ࠻࠽ࡓߩࠃ߁ߥᄥ޿ࠦࡀ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩ޽ࠆ࿾ၞߢߪߥ޿ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળߣ
ߒߡᣧ߼ߦ᳿߼ߡ‫ޔ‬੐ോዪ߇೨ᐢߦ⺞ᢛࠍㅴ߼ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ,+%# ᵷ㆜ኾ㐷ኅߩᖱႎ߿ੱ⣂ࠍᵴ↪ߔߴ߈‫ޔ‬
࡮ ੍▚߽ࠠ࠷ࠗߛࠈ߁߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ߆ࠄߩ⻠Ꮷߪᦨዊ㒢ߦᛥ߃‫⃻ޔ‬࿾ߩኾ㐷ኅࠍᦨᄢ㒢ᵴ↪
― 3 ―
ߔߴ߈ߛ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⎇ୃታ❣ࠍవᣇߦ␜ߒߡ‫ࠍࠫ࡯ࡔࠗߩୃ⎇ޔ‬ឞࠎߢ߽ࠄߞߚ਄ߢవᣇߦࡊࡠ
ࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ૞ߞߡ߽ࠄߞߚࠄ޿޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆‫ޔ‬
╬ߩᗧ⷗߇␜ߐࠇߚ‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐ ᐕᐲߩᶏᄖ⎇ୃߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᗧ⷗߽〯߹߃ਛධ
☨㐿௅ߦะߌߚ⺞ᢛࠍ㐿ᆎߔࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬
㧔㧟㧕╙ੑ࿁ᆔຬળ㧔ᐔᚑ㧝㧤ᐕ㧞᦬㧢ᣣ㐿௅㧕
ᶏᄖ⎇ୃߩታᣉႎ๔‫ޔ‬࿖ౝ⎇ୃߩታᣉ⸘↹‫ ޔ‬ᐕᐲᶏᄖ⎇ୃߩᬌ⸛⁁ᴫࠍ⼏㗴ߣߒߡክ⼏
߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
㧝㧕ᶏᄖ⎇ୃႎ๔
17 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 31 ᣣ㨪11 ᦬ 2 ᣣߦࡌ࠻࠽ࡓߩࡂࡁࠗߢ㐿௅ߒߚ੹ᐕᐲߩ੐ᬺታᣉ᭎ⷐࠍ੐ോዪ
߆ࠄႎ๔ࠍⴕߞߚ㧔╙Τ┨ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬
ᆔຬ߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ㅜ਄࿖ߢߪฃ⻠⠪߇⎇ୃᚑᨐࠍ⁛ࠅභ߼ߦߒߡઁߩ㑐ଥ⠪ߦવ᠞ߐߖߥ޿௑ะ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬
⎇ୃᚑᨐߩ᥉෸߇㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߛ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ࠍ⧷⺆ ߣࡌ࠻࠽ࡓ⺆ ߢ↪ᗧߒߚߩߪ‫⹏ޔ‬ଔߢ߈ࠆ߇‫৻ߩߘޔ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ㅢ⸶ߩ
ജ㊂߇⎇ୃᚑᨐࠍᄢ߈ߊ૞↪ߔࠆߎߣߦ߽⇐ᗧߔߴ߈‫ޔ‬
╬ߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻߇ነߖࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
㧞㧕࿖ౝ⎇ୃ⸘↹
੐ോዪࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ‫ޟ‬%&/ ᬀᨋߩ࡞࡯࡞ߣᦨㄭߩേะ‫ޠ‬㧔ᨋ㊁ᐡᷡ᳓⻠Ꮷ ᤨ㑆㧕
‫ޟ‬὇⚛ๆ෼㊂᷹ቯᴺ‫ޠ‬㧔,+(241 ᫪⻠Ꮷ ᤨ㑆㧕 ‫ޟ‬ዊⷙᮨ %&/ ᬀᨋ‫ޠ‬㧔,+(241 ᄢⷺ⻠Ꮷ ᤨ㑆㧕 ‫ޟ‬ᣇᴺ⺰੐଀⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔᫪ᨋ✚⎇ၳ⻠Ꮷ ᤨ㑆㧕 ‫ޟ‬2&& ੐଀⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔%+ ࠫࡖࡄࡦᣣᲧ⻠Ꮷ ᤨ㑆㧕 ‫ޟ‬࿖㓙ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ‫ޠ‬㧔ற⡬ ඦᓟඨᣣ㧕
‫࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊޟ‬ᒻᚑ੐଀⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔૑෹ᨋᬺᦥ↰⻠Ꮷ ᤨ㑆㧕
‫ޟ‬ᗧ⷗੤឵㧛⾰⇼ᔕ╵‫ޠ‬㧔࿖㓙ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ⻠Ꮷઁ ᤨ㑆㧕 ߢ‫ޔ‬ฦ⻠Ꮷߣ⎇ୃ⸘↹ࠍ⺞ᢛਛ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ࿖㓙ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓߩ⻠Ꮷߪ /U%NCWFKC&QGVU㧔ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳㐿⊒ᯏ᭴㧕‫&ޔ‬T-KTUHKCPVK.
)KPQIC㧔ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕᨋᬺ⋭␠ળ⚻ᷣ⎇ⓥᚲ㧕‫ޔ‬ᣣᲧ ଻ผ㧔%+ ࠫࡖࡄࡦ㧕‫&ޔ‬T/CTMMW
-CPPKPGP
%+(14‫&ޔ‬T&CPKGN/CTVKPQ
࠙࡞ࠣࡢࠗ %#4$157454.ߢ⺞ᢛਛ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ቯຬࠍ ฬ⒟ᐲߣᗐቯߒߡ޿ߚߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ᔕ൐ߪ ฬߢ‫ޔ‬ᔕ൐ߩേᯏ߆ࠄߪ‫ߥࠇߘޔ‬
ࠅߩ⋡⊛ᗧ⼂߇߁߆߇ࠊࠇࠆ‫ޔ‬
╬ࠍ⺑᣿ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ᆔຬ߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬
― 4 ―
࡮ ᤨ㑆ࠦ࡯ࠬ‫ᤨ ޔ‬㑆ඨࠦ࡯ࠬߪ⻠Ꮷߪ߽ߣࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ฃ⻠↢ߦߣߞߡ߽ࠠ࠷ࠗ‫ޕ‬ㅜਛભᙑ
߇ᔅⷐ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ‛ℂ⊛ࠬࡍ࡯ࠬ߇⸵ߖ߫‫ޔ‬ቯຬ ฬߦ᜔ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᔕ൐⠪ోຬࠍฃ⻠ߐߖߡ⦟޿‫ޔ‬
╬ߩᗧ⷗߇ነߖࠄࠇ‫ߩୃ⎇ߡ߃߹〯ࠍࠄࠇߎޔ‬ታᣉߦ޽ߚࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬
㧟㧕 ᐕᐲᶏᄖ⎇ୃߩᬌ⸛⁁ᴫ
ᐕ ᦬ߦ ,+%# 㐳ᦼᵷ㆜ኾ㐷ኅߩදജࠍᓧߡࡄ࠽ࡑߦ߅޿ߡ੐೨⃻࿾⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ᫪ᆔຬ
ࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬
࡮ ੱ⣂‫ޔ‬࿯࿾ൊߩߥ޿࿖߳ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߒߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬CDM ᛩ⾗ኅߣ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ୃ⎇ߑࠊߑࠊޕ‬
ࠍታᣉߒߡߊࠇࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪᓐࠄߩℂ⸃ࠍ⿥߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫⚳ᦨޕ‬ᐕᐲߩࠕࡈ࡝ࠞߢ߽ⷐ⇐
ᗧ‫ޕ‬
࡮ ㄭ㓞ߩ╙ਃ࿖߆ࠄߩ⻠Ꮷ‫ޔ‬ฃ⻠↢߽ⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࡮ ᡽ᐭߣߒߡߪ CDM ߦᄢ‫ߦ⊛ޘ‬ขࠅ⚵߻ᆫ൓ࠍ⷗ߖߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬CDM ᬀᨋߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬
BAU ߐ߃‫ߊోޔ‬ℂ⸃ߐࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ߪ࠭࡯࠾ୃ⎇ޔ‬㜞޿‫ޕ‬
╬ߩ⁁ᴫႎ๔߇ⴕࠊࠇ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ‫ౕߩ↹⸘ޔ‬૕ൻࠍㅴ߼ࠆߎߣ߇ੌᛚߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
― 5 ―
Τ ᶏᄖ⎇ୃ
ᐔᚑ 17 ᐕᐲߩᶏᄖ⎇ୃߩታⴕ⚿ᨐߪᰴߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫↢ୃ⎇߅ߥޕ‬෸߮⎇ୃࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ┨ᧃߦ
ᷝઃߒߚ‫ޕ‬
㧝 ᣣ⒟࡮ෳട⠪╬ 㧔㧝㧕 ᦼᣣ ᐔᚑ ᐕ ᦬ ᣣ㧔᦬㧕㨪 ᦬ ᣣ㧔᳓㧕
㧔㧞㧕 ႐ᚲ ࡌ࠻࠽ࡓ࿖ࡂࡁࠗᏒ
㧔㧟㧕 ⻠Ꮷ╬ ࡌ࠻࠽ࡓ஥ ㄘᬺㄘ᧛㐿⊒⋭ᨋᬺዪᰴ㐳 2JCO&WE6WCP
ㄘᬺㄘ᧛㐿⊒⋭ᨋᬺዪᰴ㐳 0IQ&KPJ6JQ ㄘᬺㄘ᧛㐿⊒⋭ᨋᬺዪ $WK%JKPJ0IJKC
ㄘᬺㄘ᧛㐿⊒⋭ᨋᬺዪ .G6JK6JWC
᫪ᨋ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ 0IQ&KPJ3WG
ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳㐿⊒ᯏ᭴
508 (GNKZVGT*GGIFG
ᣣᧄ஥ ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᢎ᝼ ᫪Ꮉ 㕏
ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮 ᐔႦ ၮᔒ
࿖㓙✛ൻផㅴ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ᄢⷺ ᵏᄦ
࿖㓙✛ൻផㅴ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ખ ᑪਃ
࿖㓙✛ൻផㅴ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ 㘵↰ ᢅ㓷
㧔㧠㧕 ⎇ୃ↢ 㧔✚⸘ ฬ‫ ⴫ޔ‬ෳᾖ㧕
ࡒࡖࡦࡑ࡯࿖᫪ᨋዪ ฬ
ㄘᬺㄘ᧛㐿⊒⋭ᨋᬺዪ ฬ
ㄘᬺㄘ᧛㐿⊒⋭⑼ቇᛛⴚዪ ฬ
᫪ᨋ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ ฬ
᫪ᨋ⺞ᩏ⸘↹⎇ⓥᚲ ฬ
ࡌ࠻࠽ࡓᨋᬺᄢቇ ฬ
࿖┙ᨋᬺ⒳ሶ౏␠ ฬ
㧞 ⎇ୃ᭎ⷐ
╙৻ᣣߪ㐿⻠ᑼߦᒁ߈⛯߈㧠⺖㗴ߩ⻠⟵‫╙ޔ‬ੑᣣߪ⃻࿾ታ⠌ߣ⃻࿾ታ⠌࠺࡯࠲ߩ⸃ᨆ‫╙ޔ‬ਃᣣߪ㧞
⺖㗴ߩ⻠⟵ߣᗧ⷗੤឵ߩᓟߦ㐽⻠ᑼ‫ޕ‬
㧔⴫㧞ෳᾖ㧕
㧔㧝㧕╙৻ᣣ
⎇ୃߩ㐿⻠ߦ޽ߚߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᨋᬺዪ 2JCO&WE6WCP ᰴ㐳෸߮ ,+(241 ખℂ੐߇‫⿰ߩୃ⎇ޔ‬ᣦ㨯ᗧ⟵߿ᦼᓙ
― 6 ―
ߔࠆᚑᨐ╬ߦ⸒෸ߒߟߟ᱑ㄫ᜿ᜦ‫ޕ‬
ᨋᬺዪᰴ㐳 0IQ&KPJ6JQ ⻠Ꮷ߇‫ޔ‬
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ᣇಽᮭൻ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ᭎ⷐ⺑᣿‫ޕ‬
ᨋᬺዪ .G6JK6JWC ⻠Ꮷ߇‫ޔ‬
‫ޟ‬#(QTGUVT[#FOKPKUVTCVKQPU[UVGO$0CVKQPCN(QTGUVT[5VTCVGI[
1TKGPVCVKQP
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᫪ᨋᢛ஻⋡ᮡ‫ޔ‬
ᧁ᧚↢↥⋡ᮡ‫ޔ‬ᨋᬺഭ௛⠪⢒ᚑ‫⊛⋉౏ޔ‬ᯏ⢻ߩ㜞ᐲ⊒ើ‫⋡ޔ‬ᮡ㆐ᚑߦᔅⷐߥᬌ⸛⺖㗴╬ߦߟ޿ߡ᭎
ⷐ⺑᣿‫ޕ‬
ᣣᧄ஥ߩ᫪Ꮉ㕏⻠Ꮷ߇‫ޔ‬
‫)ޟ‬NQDCN'PXKTQPOGPVCPF(QTGUVU‫ߣޠ‬㗴ߒߡ‫ ޔ‬ంᐕߩ࿾⃿ผ‫ޔ‬ㄭ਎ߩ
᫪ᨋᷫዋ‫ޔ‬࿾⃿♽ߩ὇⚛ᓴⅣ‫ޔ‬᫪ᨋ㨯ᧁ᧚ߩ὇⚛ๆ෼ᯏ⢻‫ޔ‬᫪ᨋ࿁ᓳߩദജ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ฦ࿾ߢߩੱᎿᨋ὇
⚛ๆ෼㊂෸߮ࡌ࡯ࠬ࡜ࠗࡦ᷹ቯ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐ᭎ⷐ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ᭎ⷐ⺑᣿‫ޕ‬
ᣣᧄ஥ߩᄢⷺᵏᄦ⻠Ꮷ߇‫ޔ‬
‫ޟ‬/QFCNKV[2TQEGFWTGQH(QTGUVCVKQP%&/‫ߣޠ‬㗴ߒߡ‫ޔࡦࠗ࡜ࠬ࡯ࡌޔ‬
࡝࡯ࠤ࠶ࠫ‫ੱޔ‬ὑ⊛⚐ๆ෼㊂‫ޔ‬ㅊടᕈ‫)ޔࠣࡦ࡝࠲࠾ࡕޔ࡞࡯ࡊࡦࡏ࡯ࠞޔ‬QQF2TCEVKEG)WKFCPEG‫ޔ‬
ౕ૕⊛⺞ᩏ㗄⋡‫ޔ‬ዊⷙᮨ %&/ ߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻╬ߦߟ޿ߡ᭎ⷐ⺑᣿‫ޕ‬
㧔㧞㧕╙ੑᣣ
ඦ೨ਛߦࡌ࠻࠽ࡓᨋᬺᄢቇṶ⠌ᨋߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬᫪Ꮉ⻠Ꮷ‫ޔ‬ᐔႦ⻠Ꮷߩᜰዉߦࠃࠅ‫ࠬࡑࠝࠗࡃޔ‬᷹ቯታ
⠌㧔ࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߩ⸳ቯ‫ޔ‬⢷㜞⋥ᓘ᷹ቯ㧕ࠍታᣉ‫ޕ‬
ඦᓟߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᜬߜᏫߞߚ᷹ቯ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ 'ZEGN ࠰ࡈ࠻ߦ౉ജߒߡࡃࠗࠝࡑࠬ㊂ផቯߩṶ⠌ࠍታᣉ‫ޕ‬
㧔㧟㧕╙ਃᣣ
᫪ᨋ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ 0IQ&KPJ3WG ⻠Ꮷ߇‫ޔ‬
‫ޟ‬2TQRQUKPI'PXKTQPOGPVCN+ORCEV#UUGUOGPV%TKVGTKCQH
2NCPVCVKQP(QTGUVD[%NGCP&GXGNQROGPV/GEJCPKUOVQ'PXKTQPOGPV5QEKCNCPF'EQPQOKEKP
8KGVPCO‫ߣޠ‬㗴ߔࠆ⺞ᩏႎ๔ߦၮߠ߈‫ޔ‬ⅣႺࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻㕙ߢߪ᮸⒳᭴ᚑ‫⪲⪭ޔ‬㨯⪭ᨑ㊂‫ޔ‬࿯ფᷓᐲ‫ޔ‬
ᓸ᳇⽎‫ޔ‬બᦼ㦂‫↢ޔ‬㐳㊂╬ߦࠃࠆࠬࠦࠕൻࠍ‫␠ޔ‬ળ㨯⚻ᷣࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻㕙ߢߪ 028
0GV2TGUGPV8CNWG‫ޔ‬
+44
+PVGTPCNTCVGQHTGVWTP෸߮⽺ንᐲวߦࠃࠆ್ቯࠍឭ᩺‫ޕ‬
508 ߩ (GNKZVGT*GGIFG ⻠Ꮷ߇‫ޔ‬
‫ޟ‬#4%&/%CUGKP8KGVPCO 4WPI8CPI2TQLGEVYQTMKPRTQITGUU‫ޠ‬
ߣ㗴ߒߡ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥࠤ࡯ࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖ࡯ߦࠃࠆࡌ࡯ࠬ࡜ࠗࡦ‫ޔ‬὇⚛ๆ෼㊂‫ޔࠫ࠶ࠤ࡯࡝ޔ‬࿾ၞ㐿⊒‫ޔ‬
⾗㊄⸘↹╬ߦߟ޿ߡ᭎ⷐ⺑᣿‫ޕ‬
ᨋᬺዪ $WK%JKPJ0IJKC ߩมળㅴⴕߦࠃࠅ⥄↱⸛⺰߇ⴕࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬%&/ ᬀᨋ᡿ߩબណ೙㒢ߩ᦭ή‫ޔ‬ੑᲑ
ᨋ %&/ ߩนุߣࡃࠗࠝࡑ᷹ࠬቯᴺ‫ߩࠫ࠶ࠤ࡯࡝ޔ‬ቯ⟵‫ޔ‬ዊⷙᮨ %&/ ߩࡔ࡝࠶࠻╬ߦߟ޿ߡ⾰⇼ᔕ╵
߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ᦨᓟߦ‫ޔ‬ᨋᬺዪ 2JCO&WE6WCP ᰴ㐳෸߮ ,+(241 ખ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ਔ⠪ㅪฬߩୃੌ⸽ᦠ߇⎇ୃ↢ోຬߦᚻᷰߐ
ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
㧟 ⎇ୃᚑᨐ
⎇ୃ⹏ଔࠍ⋡⊛ߦ㧡㗄⋡ߩࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ߦᧃ┨
ޕ‬ឝߍߚࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻࿁╵੐଀ߩ⴫㧟ෳ
ᾖ
― 7 ―
ੱ᧚⢒ᚑലᨐߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᱴߤ߇⢐ቯ⊛ߢ‫ޔ‬%&/ ߣ޿߁ᣂߚߥ઀⚵ߺߦߎࠇ߆ࠄขࠅ⚵ߺߚ޿‫ޔ‬෼
౉Ⴧᄢ㨯ⅣႺᡷༀߦ߽ലᨐߩ޽ࠆ %&/ ࠍㅴ߼ࠆߴ߈╬ߩᗧ⷗߇ነߖࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
୘‫ୃ⎇ߩޘ‬ౝኈߩ᦭⋉ᕈߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬508 ߩࠤ࡯ࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖ࡯߇ౕ૕⊛ߢಽ߆ࠅᤃ޿‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ㨯␠ળ⚻
ᷣᓇ㗀ߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍౣ⹺⼂ߒߚ‫ࠬࡑࠝࠗࡃޔ‬᷹ቯࠍታ૕㛎ߢ߈ߡ⦟߆ߞߚ‫ޔ‬%&/ ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻┙ߜ਄
ߍ߹ߢߩ઀⚵ߺᚻ⛯߈߇ಽ߆ߞߚ╬ߩᗧ⷗߇ነߖࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
୘‫ୃ⎇ߩޘ‬ౝኈߩ㔍⸃ᕈߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ࠬࡑࠝࠗࡃޔ‬᷹ቯ‫ޔ‬%&/ ߩ઀⚵ߺᚻ⛯߈߇ㅢ⸶ߩ໧㗴߽฽߼ߡ
㔍ߒ߆ߞߚߣߩᗧ⷗߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
⎇ୃߩᡷༀὐߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ᤨୃ⎇ޔ‬㑆ߩ᜛ᄢ‫ޔ‬ታ⠌ᤨ㑆ߩ᜛ᄢ‫ߜ┙࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊޔ‬਄ߍṶ⠌ߩታᣉ‫ޔ‬
ኾ㐷⍮⼂ࠍ᦭ߒߚㅢ⸶ߩណ↪╬ߩᗧ⷗߇ነߖࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
ࡌ࠻࠽ࡓߢߩᬀᨋ %&/ ߩ⷗ㅢߒߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬಴᧪ࠆ㨯ᦼᓙߒߡ޿ࠆߣߩᗧ⷗߇ᄙᢙߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭߩ
㑐ᔃ߿᳃㑆㨯1&# ߩᡰេ߇ᔅⷐߣߩᗧ⷗߽ነߖࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
― 8 ―
表1
― 9 ―
表 2-1
― 10 ―
表 2-2
― 11 ―
表 3-1
― 12 ―
表 3-2
― 13 ―
Υ ࿖ౝ⎇ୃ
㧝 ⎇ୃࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
╙ੑ࿁ᆔຬળߢߩ⼏⺰ࠍ〯߹߃‫ޔ‬ฦ⻠Ꮷߣߩ⺞ᢛߩ⚿ᨐ‫⴫ߪୃ⎇ޔ‬㧠ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦࠃ
ࠅታᣉߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
⴫㧠
㧞᦬㧞㧜ᣣ㧔᦬㧕
㨪
㨪
㨪
ฃઃ‫⊓ޔ‬㍳
ࠝ࡝ࠛࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ
㐿⻠ᑼ
㧝 %&/ ᬀᨋߩ࡞࡯࡞ߣᦨㄭߩേะ
ᨋ㊁ᐡ⸘↹⺖ ᶏᄖᛛⴚ⃰ᜂᒰ⺖㐳⵬૒ 㧨ᷡ᳓ ବੑ㧪
㧞 ὇⚛ๆ෼㊂੍᷹
࿖㓙✛ൻផㅴ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ਥછ⎇ⓥຬ 㧨᫪ ᓼౖ㧪
㧟 ዊⷙᮨ %&/ ᬀᨋ
࿖㓙✛ൻផㅴ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ਥછ⎇ⓥຬ 㧨ᄢⷺ ᵏᄦ㧪
㧞᦬㧞㧝ᣣ㧔Ἣ㧕
㨪
㨪
㧠 %&/ ᬀᨋࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ․ᕈߣ #4%&/ ᣇᴺ⺰
᫪ᨋ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ ᶏᄖ⎇ⓥදജቶ㐳 㧨ၳ 㕏ੱ㧪
㧡 2&& ੐଀⎇ⓥ
ࠦࡦࠨࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࡮ࠗࡦ࠲࡯࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞࡮ࠫࡖࡄࡦ ઍ⴫ 㧨ᣣᲧ ଻ผ㧪
㧞᦬㧞㧞ᣣ㧔᳓㧕
㧢 ࿖㓙ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓෳട㧔ᣈ ࠝ࡝ࡦࡇ࠶ࠢ⸥ᔨ㕍ዋᐕ✚ว࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕
㧞᦬㧞㧟ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕
㨪
㨪
㧣 #4%&/
ᄢⷙᮨ࡮ዊⷙᮨ㧕ࠤ࡯ࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖ
૑෹ᨋᬺᩣᑼળ␠ ࠴࡯ࡓࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ 㧨ᦥ↰ ⦟㧪
㧤 ᗧ⷗੤឵⾰⇼ᔕ╵
࿖㓙ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓᶏᄖ⻠Ꮷ߶߆
㐽⻠ᑼ
ᵈ ᦬ ᣣߩ࿖㓙ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓߦߟ޿ߡߪ⴫㧤ෳᾖ
― 14 ―
㧞 ⎇ୃ↢෸߮⎇ୃᚑᨐ
㧔㧝㧕⎇ୃ↢ߩ൐㓸
⎇ୃ↢ߩ൐㓸ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߦឝタߒߚઁ‫ޔ‬ᨋ㊁ᐡ㑐ଥ࿅૕‫ޔ‬Ⅳ
Ⴚ⋭㑐ଥ࿅૕‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ㑐ଥ࿅૕‫ޔ‬࿖㓙දജ㑐ଥ࿅૕╬ߩࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ߳ߩ࡝ࡦࠢ╬‫ޔ‬น⢻ߥ
㒢ࠅ᏷ᐢ޿ᣇ㕙߳ߩ๟⍮ദജߦോ߼ߚ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ᒰೋߩ੍ቯࠍ਄࿁ࠆᔕ൐ࠍᓧࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ᦨ⚳⊛ߦߪ⎇ୃળ႐ߩࠬࡍ࡯ࠬ㒢ᐲߣߥࠆ㧞㧟ฬߩ⎇ୃ↢ࠍฃߌઃߌߚ(⴫㧡)‫ޕ‬
⴫㧡 ⎇ୃ↢ߩ᭎ⷐ
඙ಽ
ࠦࡦࠨ࡞㑐ଥ
㧝㧜
NGO 㑐ଥ
㧟
᫪ᨋ㨯ᨋᬺ㑐ଥ
㧞
ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㑐ଥ
㧞
ᣏⴕ㑐ଥ
㧞
ቇ↢
㧝
ߘߩઁ
㧟
ว⸘
㧞㧟
㧔㧞㧕⎇ୃᚑᨐߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹏ଔ
⎇ୃ⚳ੌᓟ‫⴫ޔ‬㧢ߩ⎇ୃ⹏ଔࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍታᣉߒ‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐߩ᭎ⷐߪ⴫㧣ߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬
✚ߓߡ‫ޔ‬CDM ᬀᨋߩ⢛᥊߆ࠄᦨㄭߩേะ߿ౕ૕଀߹ߢℂ⸃ߢ߈ߚ‫ޔ‬ᬀᨋࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⃻
ታታᘒࠍ⍮ࠅᓧߚ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩ PDD ੐଀߇ᄢ޿ߦෳ⠨ߦߥࠆ╬㜞޿⹏ଔ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬෻
㕙‫ޔ‬
‫ޟ‬tCER㨯lCER‫ޠ‬
‫ޟ‬ㅊടᕈ‫߇╬ޠ‬ℂ⸃ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫↢ୃ⎇ޔ‬ห჻ߩ࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦᤨ㑆
߇᰼ߒ޿‫ޔ‬᫪ᨋಽ㊁એᄖߩ⻠Ꮷ߽᜗޿ߡ᰼ߒ޿╬ߩᜰ៰‫ޔߪߦᦝޔ‬CDM ᬀᨋ࡞࡯࡞ߪ᧦ઙ
✭๺ߔߴ߈ߛ‫⵬ޔ‬Ⴏ⟵ോߩ⸃ᶖ㨯シᷫ߇ᔅⷐߛ╬ߩᗵᗐ࡮ᗧ⷗߇ነߖࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
― 15 ―
⴫㧢
⎇ୃ⹏ଔࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻
੹ᓟߩ CDM ᬀᨋ੐ᬺੱ᧚⢒ᚑ⎇ୃࠍࠃࠅ⦟޿߽ߩߣߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߩෳ⠨ߦߐߖߡ޿ߚߛ
߈ߚ޿ߣሽߓ߹ߔߩߢߏදജࠍ߅㗿޿ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
໧㧝 CDM ᬀᨋߦ㑐ߔࠆታോ⢻ജߩะ਄߇࿑ࠇߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߆㧫 㧔ߪ޿‫߃޿޿ޔ‬㧕
㧔ࠦࡔࡦ࠻㧕
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------໧㧞 ੹࿁ߩ⎇ୃߩਛߢ․ߦᓎ┙ߞߚ࡮⹺⼂ࠍᷓ߼ߚ⎇ୃౝኈߪߤࠇߢߒߚ߆㧫
߹ߚ‫ߩߘޔ‬ℂ↱ߪߥߗߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫
㧔ࠦࡔࡦ࠻㧕
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------໧㧟 ੹࿁ߩ⎇ୃߩਛߢ․ߦ㔍ߒ߆ߞߚ⎇ୃౝኈߪߤࠇߢߒߚ߆㧫
߹ߚ‫ߩߘޔ‬ℂ↱ߪߥߗߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬
㧔ࠦࡔࡦ࠻㧕
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------໧㧠 ੹ᓟߩ⎇ୃࠍࠃࠅ⦟޿߽ߩߣߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ߏޔ‬ᗧ⷗࡮ߏឭ⸒╬ࠍ߅ነߖਅߐ޿‫ޕ‬
㧔ࠦࡔࡦ࠻㧕
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------໧㧡 ੹ᓟ CDM ᬀᨋࠍታ㓙ߦታⴕߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߦߪ‫߇ߣߎߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ᔅⷐߛߣ
߅⠨߃ߢߔ߆㧫 ߏᗧ⷗࡮ߏឭ⸒╬ࠍ߅ነߖਅߐ޿‫ޕ‬
㧔ࠦࡔࡦ࠻㧕
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ꮕߒᡰ߃ߥߌࠇ߫߅ฬ೨ࠍ߅㗿޿ߒ߹ߔ 㧔㨋㨋㨋㨋㨋㨋㨋㨋㨋㨋㨋㨋㨋㨋㨋㨋㨋㨋㧕
ߏදജ᦭ࠅ㔍߁ߏߑ޿߹ߒߚ
― 16 ―
⴫㧣
⎇ୃ⹏ଔࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻(᭎ⷐᛮ☴)
໧㧝 CDM ᬀᨋߦ㑐ߔࠆታോ⢻ജߩะ਄߇࿑ࠇߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߆㧫
㧔ߪ
ߪ޿㧩20‫߃޿޿ޔ‬㧩0㧕
㧔ࠦࡔࡦ࠻㧕 ၮ␆߆ࠄౕ૕੐଀߹ߢ᏷ᐢ޿⎇ୃౝኈ‫࡞࡯࡞ޕ‬㨯േะ㨯ౕ૕੐଀߇ᓎ┙ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
CDM ᬀᨋߩᛴ߃ࠆ໧㗴ߩᚲ࿷߇ߟ߆߼ߚ‫ޕ‬
໧㧞 ੹࿁ߩ⎇ୃߩਛߢ․ߦᓎ┙ߞߚ࡮⹺⼂ࠍᷓ߼ߚ⎇ୃౝኈߪߤࠇߢߒߚ߆㧫
߹ߚ‫ߩߘޔ‬ℂ↱ߪߥߗߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫
㧔ࠦࡔࡦ࠻㧕 ታ㓙ߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ᒻᚑ߿ PDD ૞ᚑ੐଀‫ޕ‬ᣇᴺ⺰૞ᚑߩᚻ㗅㨯⺖㗴㨯⧰ᔃ‫ޕ‬
૑᳃ෳടࠍ⛽ᜬ⛮⛯ߐߖࠆߎߣߩ࿎㔍ᕈ‫ޕ‬
໧㧟 ੹࿁ߩ⎇ୃߩਛߢ․ߦ㔍ߒ߆ߞߚ⎇ୃౝኈߪߤࠇߢߒߚ߆㧫
߹ߚ‫ߩߘޔ‬ℂ↱ߪߥߗߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬
㧔ࠦࡔࡦ࠻㧕 tCER㨯lCER‫ޕ‬ㅊടᕈ‫ޕࡦࠗ࡜ࠬ࡯ࡌޕ‬
໧㧠 ੹ᓟߩ⎇ୃࠍࠃࠅ⦟޿߽ߩߣߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ߏޔ‬ᗧ⷗࡮ߏឭ⸒╬ࠍ߅ነߖਅߐ޿‫ޕ‬
㧔ࠦࡔࡦ࠻㧕 ⎇ୃ↢ห჻ߢߩ࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩᤨ㑆‫ޕ‬PDD Ṷ⠌߿ᛩ⾗ಽᨆṶ⠌‫ޕ‬
᫪ᨋ㨯ᨋᬺಽ㊁એᄖߩ⻠Ꮷ(໡␠㨯ࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶࠻ขᒁᬺ⠪㨯ᛚ⹺ࠍᓧߚࡊࡠࠫࠚ
ࠢ࠻㑐ଥ⠪㨯DOE 㑐ଥ⠪╬)ࠍ᜗޿ߡ᰼ߒ޿‫ޕ‬
໧㧡 ੹ᓟ CDM ᬀᨋࠍታ㓙ߦታⴕߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߦߪ‫߇ߣߎߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ᔅⷐߛߣ
߅⠨߃ߢߔ߆㧫 ߏᗧ⷗࡮ߏឭ⸒╬ࠍ߅ነߖਅߐ޿‫ޕ‬
㧔ࠦࡔࡦ࠻㧕 ᧦ઙߩ✭๺‫ޕ‬࿖ߩࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶࠻⾈޿਄ߍ‫⓹⺣⋧ޕ‬ญߩᢛ஻‫ޕ‬
⵬Ⴏ⟵ോߩ⸃ᶖ㨯シᷫ
― 17 ―
表８
ๆ෼Ḯ CDM ࿖㓙ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ
ᣣᤨ ᐔᚑ 18 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 22 ᣣ㧔᳓㧕 13 ᤨ㨪16 ᤨ㧔12 ᤨ 45 ಽฃઃ㐿ᆎ㧕
႐ᚲ ࠝ࡝ࡦࡇ࠶ࠢ⸥ᔨ㕍ዋᐕ✚ว࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ࿖㓙ળ⼏ቶ
ᰴ╙
㧝 ਥ௅⠪᜿ᜦ ࿖㓙✛ൻផㅴ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ℂ੐㐳 Ⴆᧄ 㦪ਭ
㧞 ᧪⾠᜿ᜦ ᨋ㊁ᐡᰴ㐳 ㄞ ஜᴦ
㧟 ႎ๔ Dr. Kirsfianti L. Ginoga㧔ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕᨋᬺ⋭␠ળ⚻ᷣ⎇ⓥᚲ
਄Ꮸ⎇ⓥຬ㧕
Institutional of ArCDM in Indonesia:Progress and Role.
ᄤ㊁ ᱜඳ 㧔ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇᢎ᝼㧕
ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ὇⚛࿕ቯ᫪ᨋ⚻༡⃻࿾ታ⸽⺞ᩏ
Ms. Claudia Doets㧔SNV ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳㐿⊒ᯏ᭴ ᫪ᨋ⚻༡ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠩ࡯㧕
Case Study of AR-CDM Project in Vietnam
ᣣᲧ ଻ผ㧔ࠦࡦࠨߴ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㨯ࠗࡦ࠲࡯࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞㨯ࠫࡖࡄࡦઍ⴫㧕
Case Study of Ar-CDM Project in Ecuador, what is solved, what
is to be solved
Dr. Daniel Martino (࠙࡞ࠣࡢࠗ CARBOSUR ␠ ઍ⴫)
Case Study of Ar-CDM Project in Uruguay, what is solved, what
is to be solved
㧠 ⾰⇼ᔕ╵㧛ࡄࡀ࡞࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ㧔ᄤ
ᄤ㊁ᱜඳᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇᢎ᝼㧕
ㅜ਄࿖ߩ᫪ᨋ࿾ၞߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ㐿⊒ߦነਈߔࠆ CDM ᬀᨋ
― 18 ―
⾗ ᢱ
㧝 ᶏᄖ⎇ୃᢎ᧚
㧔㧝㧕ᨋᬺዪ 0IQ&KPJ6JQ ⻠Ꮷ ············································ 21
㧔㧞㧕ᨋᬺዪ .G6JK6JWC ⻠Ꮷ ·············································· 25
㧔㧟㧕ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇᢎ᝼ ᫪Ꮉ㕏⻠Ꮷ ·········································· 31
㧔㧠㧕,+(241 ਥછ⎇ⓥຬ ᄢⷺᵏᄦ⻠Ꮷ ··································· 36
㧔㧡㧕᫪ᨋ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ 0IQ&KPJ3WG ⻠Ꮷ ································ 43
㧔㧢㧕508 ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳㐿⊒ᯏ᭴ (GNKZVGT*GGIFG ⻠Ꮷ ·················· 57
㧞 ࿖ౝ⎇ୃᢎ᧚
㧔㧝㧕ᨋ㊁ᐡ ᷡ᳓ବੑ⻠Ꮷ ··················································· 63
㧔㧞㧕JIFPRO ਥછ⎇ⓥຬ ᫪ᓼౖ⻠Ꮷ ···································· 75
㧔㧟㧕JIFPRO ਥછ⎇ⓥຬ ᄢⷺᵏᄦ⻠Ꮷ ································· 82
㧔㧠㧕᫪ᨋ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ ၳ㕏ੱ⻠Ꮷ ·········································· 90
㧔㧡㧕ࠦࡦࠨࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㨯ࠗࡦ࠲࡯࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞㨯ࠫࡖࡄࡦ
ᣣᲧ଻ผ⻠Ꮷ ············· 102
㧔㧢㧕૑෹ᨋᬺ ᦥ↰⦟⻠Ꮷ ················································· 115
― 19 ―
資料 1 ―（1）海外研修教材 林業局 Ngo Dinh Tho 講師
General forestry policies in forest
protection and development law
Briefly on Viet Nam’s
forestry policy
1. Directly investment of Government
2. Investment asisstance of Goverment
3. Invesment encouragement of
Goverment
Ngo Dinh Tho – Department
I. Forest allocation and lease policy
Some specific policy
1. forest allocation and rent policy
2. Investment policy
3. Credit policy,
4. Tax policy,
5. Science and technology policy
6. Beneficiaries sharing policy
7. Policy on encourage of production consumption
8. Foreign invesment policy
9. Forest state enterprice reform policy
10. state decentralization of forest and forestry
land
1. element base for forest allocation and lease
- Planning for forest protection and development
- Forest and forest land resources
- Demand and capability of forest owners
2. component of forest allocation and rent
- Organizations
- Households, individuals
- Communities
- Vietnamese oversea
- Foreign organizations
management
I. Forest allocation and lease policy
3. Forest allocation:
I. Forest allocation and lease policy
4. forest lease
- Allocate the special use forest to organization
without payment of land use tax,
- Allocate the protection forest to organizations,
households, individuals without payment of land use
tax,
- Allocate the production forest to organizations,
households, individuals without tax but within limit of
areas.
- Allocate the production forest to organizations
and platation production forest to foreigner with
payment of tax.
― 21 ―
a) Goverment leases the type of forest as bellow to
organisations and individuals with annual payment:
- Protections forest combined with product
forest, agricultural and aquacultural activities and
eco-tourism services
- Special use forest for eco-tourism services,
- Production forest for forest productive and
agro-forestry activities,
b) Leases to Vietnamese oversea and foreigners
the platation production forest for productive forestry
activities, eco-tourism services.
I. Forest allocation and lease policy
I. Forest allocation and lease policy
5. Scale of forest allocation
7. Competence of authorities
- Regarding to organization, the scale of forest
depending on the project which is approved by the
authority.
- Regarding to househols and individuals:
- People commitee of Provicial level
- People commitee of District level
8. The right and obligation of forest owner
+ Not exceed 30 ha per household;
+ If they have agriculture land, not exceed 25 ha per
household;
+ Unused
exceed 30 ha per household.
6. Period
of landland
usenot
right.
Depending on type of forest which they have
been allocated and the form of use. The orgabisations,
households and individuals has the right and
responsibilities as follow:
- Long term: special use and protection forest
- Limit period of use right: Production forest not
right of land use, transfer, re-rent, inherit, mortage,
co-finacial, forest and agro-forestry etc
exceed 50 to
70 years. After that, they can rent again
II. Investment policy
III. Credit policy
1. From 661 programme
1. State credit with low interest rate
- Special use and protection forest: payment for
- Investment loans: to loan 70% of total investment; 1215year period ; interest rate is 70% of commercial interest
protection is 50.000 dong/ha/year; Nature rehabilitation 1
million dong/ha, plantation: 4million/ dong/ha.
- Assisted interest rate after investment period:
condition, period.. .
- Production forest: support to plant the esspecially
valuable species with the cost is 2 million dong/ha, production
forest for raw material purpose is from 1 million –1.5 million
dong/ha the encouragement of investment law
2. Following
- Listed A: sector investment
- List B: Having a difficult of ecnomic and social conditions
- List C: Having extrem difficult of ecnomic and social
- Credit investment guarantee: objects, level 70%
2. Commercial credit
- Loans rate: demand, feasibility, guarantee
- Interest of loan: depending on period
- Loan period: 12 month; 12 - 60 month, more than 60
month
- Loan saefguar: household loan not exceed 20 million
conditions
dong
IV. Tax policy
V. Science technology policy
1. Nature resourse tax
- State investment: basical science and applies;
- objects: having a wood havest in nature forest
- Basic element: yield of forest, prices of sale...
gent preservation; mother tree production;
import; training.
- Tax exemption or reduction
- State support: support for generation of
production species with high technology, well using
2. Agriculture tax
- Object: having forest land
- basic element for tax calculation: Land ares, land
- State encouragement: reduction of import and
export tax. Loans with suitable interest, period, give
high priority to gender production, protect the right of
gender production organisations.
category
- Tax exemption or reduction
― 22 ―
VI. Benefit share policy
VI. Benefit share policy
1. Following the decision number 178/Q㫝-TTg
- Object: households, individual.
- Content of benefit: labour cash, sub-product , indirect
products, NTFP, agri-products, wood product.
- Basic of benefit sharing: base on cotract, time
allocation, type of forest, state of forest, resourse contribution:
labour
2. Following to decision nuber 661/Q㫝-TTg
- object of benefit sharing: Organisations, households
and individuals who is participate in the project
- Content of benefit sharing: Labour cost, forest
thinning product, NTFP, ... and have a support from
investment policy.
3. Benefit from others projects.
Depending on the regulation of each project: Some time
the responsibility of the forest owner or contractor is the
contribution of 50-100 kg rice or 3% of total value of
havest products
Tentative changes of degree numbered 178/QDTTg
One more add is community and commune people
commitee, who
are involve to forestry benefit sharing,
The new degree also not mention to forest lease , and have
more
d t il i th t
ff
t
VII. Encourage consumption policy
VIII. Foreign investment policy
1. Modalities and investment period
1. Degree number 91/2000/TT/BTC: exemption of tax
- Modalities: Cooperation, Joint-venture, direct investment.
- Period investment: 50 to 70 years
2. degree number 80/2002/Q㫝-TTg:
2. measure of investment guarantee
- production consumption contract
- equity and satisfy
- Having transfer to abroad (1)benefit, (2)Capital
- Responsible and Obligation
- State has incentive policy on land, credit
investment, market and technology transfer,
commercial promotion
contribute to
technical, services (3)capital foreign loans, (4)capital
investment,
and (5) other capital, resourses.
- Address the conflict: through a negotiation, conciliate,
referee or the court
IX. State forest enterprise reform
VIII. Foreign investment policy
1. Oriented
3. some solution to call for roreign investment
- Remain, consolidation, development
- Transfer to Management Board
- Transfer to administration unit
- Disintergrate
- Incentive investment: Have right to select the types of
investment, extent the period of investment, ensure the
right if Vietnam policy changes; have right to use the land
and forest for capital loans; exemption or reduction of
import tax, benefit tax and others
- Preferential investment: in case of If they have huge of
capital, using a lot of local labour, in remote areas. They
will have
exempt of land use tax
― 23 ―
2. Main solutions.
- Land management
- Property and financial
- Employment
- Join-stock
X. Management decentralization
1. State management on forestry
Issue and implement the regulations, degrre on forest;
Identify and damacation of the difference type of forest; lËp
hå s¬ qu㫬n lý rõng, c«ng nhËn QSD rõng; tæ chøc viÖc
nghiªn cøu ®µo t¹o, quan hÖ quèc tÕ; tuyªn truyÒn, phæ
biÕn ph¸p luËt, kiÓm tra, thanh tra, xö lý vi ph¹m.
-
Thank you
2. content of decentralise.
- Forest protection and development plan
- Competent for indentify forest areas
- allocation, lease, withdraw and change use of forest
- Manage the forest areas where there are no tenure
- Plantation exploit
― 24 ―
資料 1 ―（2）海外研修教材 林業局 Le Thi Thua 講師
A. Forestry administration system
1. Period: 1945 – 1975
- 14/11/1945: Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) established
- 2/1955, MoA changed into Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF): Forestry
bureau under the management of MAF
- In 1958: Department of Forestry established
- 28/4/1960, MAF reorganized into 4 organisations under the management of the
cabinet council (Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Agricultural Enterprise,
General Department of Forestry and General Department of Fishery).
- In 1961: At central level General Department of Forestry apparatus includes
department of Forestry plantation, Forest Inventory and Planning, Forest
Product Exploitation, Forest Product Delivery and Transportation, and Forest
Product Processing; At provincial level there are Forestry Department/Agroforestry Department; At district level there are district Forestry Department,
State Forest Enterprise belonging to Forestry Department.
- In 1972: Forest protection force established. There are Forest Protection
Department (FPD) (At central level), Provincial FPD under the management
of PPC, and district FPD under the management of provincial FPD
A. Forestry Administration system
B. National Forestry Strategy
Orientation (2006 - 2010)
------------------------Presented by Le Thi Thua – Department of Forestry
References:
- FSSP&P, 2005. A handbook of Forestry;
- GTZ/REFAS. Forest policy analysis;
- MARD. National forestry strategy (2006-2020) (Draft)
- Forest management structure (local level):
A. Forestry administration system (Cont)
+ Forestry department was established in almost province
and under the management of PPC. Provincial FPD was
under the management of Provincial Agriculture
department
+ In 1994 the Decree No. 39/CP issued by the government
regulated that Provincial FPD was under the
management of PPC
+ At district level: there are district FPD (under the
management of provincial FPD)and forestry/agro-forestry
section (under the management of district PC);
District Agriculture board had been established since 1981
aiming to assist for district PC on forestry administration
management. The board was jointed into district FPD in
1985.
+ At communal level: Forestry board or responsible staff or
not
2. Period 1976 – 1995:
- 7/1976: General Department of Forestry had been
changed into Ministry of Forestry and the ministry
manages three General Department in the North,
Centre and South.
- Organizational Hierarchy of Ministry of Forestry in 1989:
+ Assistant department functions for Minister on
administrative management include department of
Silviculture, Forest Industry, Technical and Science,
International Cooperation, statistic and Planning,
Financial, Personnel and organisation; Forest
Protection, Inspection, Ministerial office
+ Career work organisation: FSIV, FIPI, National Parks,
FUV, Forest officer management school, Secondary
and Technical schools
A. Forestry administration system (Cont)
A. Forestry administration system (Cont)
- To assist the minister on management of forestry sector
the government issued the Decree No. 86/CP dated
18/7/2003:
+ DoF: under management of MARD with main function is
state management on forestry sector in the nation-wide.
Organisational structure of DOF comprises 5
divisions/section including Administration and general
coordination; Planning; Forest Inventory; Sylviculture;
Forest Management and Utilisation; representative
section in Ho Chi Minh
+ FPD: under the management of MARD with main
function is forest protection and law enforcement in the
nation wide. Organisational structure of FPD comprises
divisions of Administration and general coordination;
Propagation and force development; Inspection and
Legislation; Natural Conservation; Forest protection and
Fire Prevention; Information and Documentation; and
Centre for Forest Protection Technique I, II, III
3. From 1995 – 2005:
- 10/1995 MARD was establishment by a combination of
3 ministries of Forestry; Agriculture and Food industry;
and Fishery. The function, obligation, task and
organisational structure of MARD is regulated by the
Decree No. 73/CP issued by the government dated
November 1, 1995.
- At provincial level: Provincial DARD and FPD are under
the management of PPC
- 7 national parks under the management of MARD
- At district level: district DARD and FPD
― 25 ―
A. Forestry administration system (Cont)
A. Forestry administration system (Cont)
Forest Protection force: a total of 9875 civil servants;
- At central level: FPD has 7 divisions (84 staff) and 3
centres (94 staff)
- At provincial level: a total of 1300 civil servants (43
provincial FPD under the PPC and the remaining 18
under the provincial DARD)
- At district level: 424 district FPD/47 Forest product
investigation units are under the provincial FPD with a
total of 3500 staff. There are 4454 communal forest
protection staff and about 441 communes have no
communal forest protection staff
- At commune level: no separate forest protection
organisation
Forest development system:
- At central level: DOF has 6 divisions/section with 44 civil
servants and 10 contract staff;
- Al provincial level: 63 DARD and 1 Agro-forestry,
Fishery Department. There are 34 Sub-forestry
departments are under the management of DARD.
- At district level: Economic/Agriculture and Rural
Development department. There is 1-2 responsible staff
for forestry
- At commune level: no separate forestry organisation
The necessity of preparation of NFS
(2006-2020)
MARD decided to prepare a new national forestry
strategy (NFS) in the end of 2004 aiming at:
™The existing NFS will be integrated with FSSP
framework
™Up-to-date new decisive policy opinions such as
overall growing strategy, hunger alleviation and
poverty reduction, forest protection and
development law (2004), changing policy at
microscopic level, integrating into global
economy through to joint WTO
B. National Forestry Strategy Orientations
(2006 - 2020)
in discussing and consultation
Principles for preparation of new NFS
What are the objectives of NFS
(2006-2020)?
’
’
’
’
’
To give comprehensive orientation for forestry sector:
Opinion, orientation, objective, program and solution
To highlight main concern issues for forestry sector
To orient for preparing 5 year plan/project and action
plan
To attract state investment, ODA, FDI and private
sector
’
’
’
― 26 ―
To conform the national socio-economic strategy and
committed international conventions
To use suitable contents of NFS (2001-2010) and
FSSP framework
To use new participatory approach such as
socialization and diversification of investing capital
sources, harmonizing social, economic and
environmental objectives, to value for environmental
services etc
To ensure the feasibility with clear objectives and detail
criteria for plan preparation, monitoring and evaluation
Forestry development opinion
’
’
Forestry development opinion
To contribute to national economic growth, hunger
alleviation and poverty reduction and environment
protection
Sustainable management of natural and plantation
forest, establishing the national forest stand stability,
SFE innovation, carrying out forest/forested land
allocation /rent to forest owners
’
’
’
’
The society, all levels of government, sectors, forest
owners, organisation, community are responsible for
forest protection
Improve the effectiveness and competitive in timber
and NTFP production, environment services to
contribute to national economy
Promote the socialization of forestry activity (SFE
innovation, Forest/forested land allocation and rent)
Find different financial sources for forestry
development
Goal to 2020
Forest development orientation
to 2020
’
’
Sustainable forest management and
development (SUF, protection, production forest
are natural and plantation forest) to contribute
more and more for socio-economic
development, ecological and environment
protection, biodiversity conservation,
environment services; to improve standard of
living of rural people; to involve the widespread
participation and give reasonable benefit for
relevant stakeholders (state, HHS, individuals,
community, ethnic group and women).
Goal
Objective
Economic objective
Objective of the NFS
(2006 – 2020):
‰
‰
‰
Strict protect and manage sustainability the existing
natural and plantation forest; increase area and yield of
plantation forest and agro-forestry; use bare land
effectively for forestry development (through
establishing the stable national forest area including
SUF, production and protection forest less than 14 mil
ha/16.2 mil ha, in 2010, completion of SFE innovation.
Forest/forested land are allocated and rented to
organisation, HHs, community, individual). Timber and
NTFP production and processing are competitive and
sustainable, meet domestic need and export
opportunity during global economic integration.
Economic objective
Social objective
Environment objective
― 27 ―
Economic objective
Economic objective
Increase the contribution into the national economy
with the following target:
2.6 mil ha of production forest (plantation) per year
with commercial timber yield at least from 12-15
m3/ha/ year. Number of scatted tree planted is not
less than 200 mil/year. About 3 mil ha of natural
forest (production forest) are applied sustainable
management.
Annual timber supply (mainly from plantation forest)
is range from 21-25 mil m3;
’
’
’
’
Social objective
Social objective
’
’
To attach importance to hunger alleviation,
poverty reduction, livelihood improvement for
ethnic community in remote areas;
To ensure equity in forest allocation,
dissemination, credit, to provide sustainable
management knowledge for forest owners to
meet local timber demand, increase income and
to protect forest and biodiversity
’
’
’
Environment objective
’
Increase yield of timber and NTFPs with
issuance of certificate from natural and
plantation forest, strive for 50% of timber
product export with certificate
Increase forest product export value from $1
bil (2004) to $ 2.1 bil (2010) and $3 bil (2020).
To create regular and part-time job for about 1 mil
labours in 2010 and 2 mil in 2020 (including
processing);
To raise income from forest production and
reduce 30% poor HHs in 2010 compare to 2004
at key forestry areas;
To increase number of trained labour in forestry
to 40% comparing to 2000 (especially in remote
areas, ethnic people, poor HHs and women)
Environment objective
Environment should be improved in term of natural
disaster prevention, soil improvement, erosion
reduction, sufficient water supply for hydro-electric
work, irrigation system, urban environment protection
and industrial zones as well as providing other
environment services (CDM, ecotourism etc) for
national economy. Forest allocation/rent should be
carried out and forest owners closely work in
collaboration with HHs, community and local people in
order to manage effectively and improve their
livelihood
The expected targets:
9 To increase the cover of forest to 43% in 2010 and
48% in 2020
9 In the first 5 year plan, master forest planning for
the whole country should conducted using the new
criteria issued by MARD to identify and demarcate
forest boundary on field
― 28 ―
Environment objective
Environment objective
’
To improve forest quality and ensure protection
function and environment services.
’
To develop environment services (CO2
absorption, water supply, ecotourism etc) to to
cover for 50% of forest protection fee.
Programs
’
Build environment protection forest in key urban
and industrial areas
’
Establish legal framework, raise awareness of
people, strengthen law enforcement aiming to
reduce 50% forest product violation in 2010 and
no more clearance of forest for cultivation in
2020
Promoting contribution of
forest environment service
1. Development program
1.1 Sustainable forest management, development programs
1.2 Forest protection, biodiversity conservation and
environment service programs
1.3 Forest product processing and commercial program
2. Aid program
2.1 Forest research, training & universalizing program
2.2 Policy frame, plan preparation and monitoring
1. Research on the environment protection functions
of forest as soil erosion control, water regulation,
flood control, sea wave prevention, alluvia
prevention, CO2 absorption, pollution reduction,
ecotourism and proposing fee cost and fee
management mechanism in 2006 – 2007;
Promoting contribution of
forest environment service
Big problems in discussion and
consultation
9 Problem 1: Stable national forest area: SUF,
protection and production forest
9 Problem 2: Sustainable forest management and
forest certificate
9 Problem 3: SFE innovation
9 Problem 4: Land-use planning, forest land
allocation/rent
9 Problem 5: Forestry socialisation and community
forestry
9 Problem 6: Benefit sharing
2. To build environment policy; identify the distribution of
beneficiary from those services
3. To establish forest protection and development fund
from different sources (government, ODA, private) in
which income sources from environment services
such as CO2 emission market, watershed protection,
ecotourism will be used to reinvest for protection and
SUF as well as improvement of local living standard
through forest management activities.
― 29 ―
Big problems in discussion and
consultation
Big problems in discussion and
consultation
9 Problem 7: Hunger alleviation, poverty reduction and
gender
9 Problem 8: Improving the effectiveness of forest
industrial operation
9 Problem 9: Development of labour source
9 Problem 10: Forest sector management improvement
9 Problem 11: Future of the 5MHFRP?
9 Problem 12: Effective use of state budget and attract
capital from ODA, private and FDI ?
9 Problem 13: Mechanism for NFS implementation and
monitoring?
To redefine the forestry sector?
“Forestry is one of the economic and technical
sectors of the national economy consisting of forest
production activities; related environment services
to forest; forest product exploitation, transport and
processing (timber and NTFPs)
Thank you very much for your attention!
― 30 ―
資料 1 ―（3）海外研修教材 早稲田大学教授 森川靖講師
Earth Calendar
Global Environment and Forests
1-Jan
Carbon trapper?
4,䋶00,000,000 Birth of earth
15-Dec
200,000,000
Dinosaurs,
mammals
2-Apr
3,300,000,000 Birth of living things 19-Dec
2-Jul
2,000,000,000 Alrae
26-Dec
65,000,000
1-Sep
1,500,000,000 Eucaryote
27-Dec
60,000,000 Monkeys
10-Oct 1,000,000,000 Animals
160,000,000 Birds
Extinction of
dinosaurs
31-Dec
Ozon layer
(UV decrease)
27-Nov
420,000,000
1-Dec
380,000,000 Fishes
23:36
2-Dec
370,000,000 Amphibians
23:54
50,000 Homo sapiens
7-Dec
300,000,000 Insects
23:59
80,000
290,000,000 Reptiles
23:59
59.5
Forest decline by Sox, Nox?
8-Dec
16:00
4,000,000 Australopithecus
200,000 Neanderthal
Agricultural and
pastoral age
Radio broadcasting
85
(USA)
Yasushi Morikawa
Waseda University
Terrestrial ecosystem
Tragedy of commons
Plants
Wild animals
1.6 Tt
Grasslands
Cattle: 100
ίcommonsὸ
ίCarrying Capacityὸ
1 Gt
D = 1,200 m
11 cattle/person 㬍 1 㪂 10 cattle/person 㬍 9 person
ḵ 101 cattle ḵ Beyond carrying capacity
Humans
Livestocks
Commons ḵ Degradation
0.1 Gt
0.4 Gt
ḵ Benefit for 1 person caused disadvantages for 10 person
Change of forest cover
Europe
ḵ Sustainable
10 cattle/person
D = 830m
USA
Change of forest cover
Brazil
In 1620
North America
Europe
Total
Industrial
revolution
in1973
in1850
In 900
Japan
Change of forest cover in France
Latin
America
in1976
in1940
In 1900
Asia
Recently
― 31 ―
Africa
Standard year = 1900
When the
standard year?
Distribution of carbon in the earth (Kitano 1995)
Photosynthesis
Atmosphere
Limestone
Fossil fuel
As 10 GtCO2
Light energy 688 kcal
O2
(264 g)
1 mol
6 mol
(180 g)
(192 g)
Primitive atmosphere: 0ή ḵ Present: 20.9%
CO2 Primitive atmosphere: 97% ḵ Present: 0.035%
6CO2 + 12H2O ḵ C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
6 mol
0.026
1,800
0.2
Assumption:
Photsynthesic activity in the earth = 0
and Fossil fuel in the earth ḵ Burning
O2: 20.9% ḵ 20.4%
CO2: 350ppm ḵ 5,000ppm
Atmosphere
3.3
Atmosphere
Atmosphere
Atmosphere
CO2
CO2
Fossil fuel
Fuel use and
land use in the
tropics
ίe.g. Cementὸ
1.6
1.6
Forests in the
northern hemisphere
0.5
Ocean
Terrestrial
ecosystem
2.0
1.3
Carbon budget at the earth
(Gt yr-1, IPCC 1995ὸ
Photos; E. Guhardja et al. (eds). 2000. Rainforest Ecosystems of East Kalimantan
Extinction of tropical forests; Indonesia
Carbon dynamics in the forest ecosystem
Plants
Mass in t ha-1
Accumulation rate
Total
Release rate
Yearly change
Burned forest by fires ίhaὸ
Forest fire
Total
Plants
Soils
Soils
Age (year)
Age (year)
Barnes et al., 1997
― 32 ―
Role of forests and forest products in
carbon sequestration
Carbon
sequestration
in the houses
C
CO2
Carbon
sequestration
in the forest
Co-benefit
(e.g., water availability or erosion control)
Forest products
for construction
Big roller coaster in Japan
Efforts to fire preservation
Eternal live charcoal?
Rehabilitation efforts in the Philippines
Before
Rehabilitation efforts in the Philippines
After
Project office in 1978
― 33 ―
Project office in 2003
Industrial plantation and rehabilitated forests
Rehabilitation in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Biomass accumulation
Rehabilitated forest
alang-alang
2 to 3-year-old
20-year-old
grassland.
S. macrophylla
S. macrophylla
Photo;Morikawa (1985)
Photo;Morikawa (1985)
Photo;Morikawa (2001)
Time period
Industrial plantation
(7 to 10 year rotation)
Big tree in Lombok Island, Indonesia
Illegal logging?
ίJuly 2005ὸ
Industrial plantation in Brazil
Industrial plantation in Brazil
― 34 ―
Biomass
Mature forest
ᵮᶊᵿᶌᶒᴾᵄᴾᵠᶓᶐᶌ
Time period
Field survey in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Carbon accumulationίtC ha-1)
Surveyed sites
150
100
50
0
0
5
10
Forest age
Plantation
15
Base line
Carbon accumulation
Mean annual increment
-1
-1
ίMg ha yr )
Eucalyptus globulus
8.6 - 16.3
Eucalyptus grandis
7.9 - 8.4
Eucalyptus nitens
8.4 - 8.9
Acacia mangium
7.8 - 14.4
Acacia auricliformis
2.4 - 8.0
Cassia siemea
8.6 - 13.5
Azadirachta indica
7.6 - 18.7
Dalbergia ltifolia
5.9 - 12.5
Swietenia macrophylla
3.1 - 6.5
Tectona grandis
1.9 - 2.1
Tree species
Root to total
ί%ὸ
15.8
17.9
16.2
15.3
32.5
25.3
22.9
33.2
22.8
Thank you for your attention
― 35 ―
資料 1 ―（4）海外研修教材 JIFPRO 主任研究員 大角泰夫講師
Mitigation system of global warming
(Kyoto Protocol)
Modality & Procedure of
Forestation CDM
Energy efficiency䊶Fuel conversion䊶CFs
Mitigation of global warming & Role of
Forestation CDM(AR-CDM)
Mechanism of AR-CDM
Meaning of technical words and methodology for
measurement
Special modality of small scale AR-CDM
For initiating AR-CDM
Emission Reduction
Mitigation System
Sequestration of CO2
General Regulations of AR-CDM
Removal Limit of CO2 (Japanese Case)
Max. amount of
CO2 Removal by Forest
• 1st Commitment Period(2008-2012) =
Limitation to Afforestation & Reforestation
• Afforestation = non forest over 50 years
• Reforestation = non forest at the end of 1989
• Countries involved = Ratification of Kyoto Mechanism
• Criteria of Forest = to follow FAO criteria
minimum acreage = 0.05-1.0ha
minimum crown coverage =10-30%
minimum tree height =2-5m
(host country decides the criterion between the range)
13mil.tCO2/y:Japan
Total
Framework
Joint
Implementation
With other
Ann. 㸇Country
Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM)
CO2 sequestration projects
Forestation䍃Forest management
GHG Mitigation System under Kyoto Protocol &
Domestic
Implementation
Emission reduction projects
Sustainable Development Scheme
About3.34mil.tCO2/y:Japan
With non
Ann.㸇Country
Non eligible land of secondary forest
Eligible land, mosaic of grassland & degraded forest
― 36 ―
Mechanism of AR-CDM
Rules on AR-CDM
• Project period : ~䋳䋰 years or 䋲䋰 years㬍1~䋳
reputations 䋨maximum 䋶䋰 years䋩
• Types :
ordinal AR-CDM & small scale AR-CDM
• Rules of small scale AR-CDM :
8,000tCO2/year>, Involvement of low income
communities or individuals
• Modality of small scale AR-CDM :
Simplified modality & procedures would be
adapted (e.g.: simplified baseline methodology,
exclusion of one or two carbon pools, & so on)
• Sequestered carbon by plantation = Actual Net
GHG Removals (tCO2)
• Sequestered carbon by the proposed area
without planting activities = Baseline Net GHG
Removals (tCO2)
• GHG emission outside of the project triggered by
AR-CDM = Leakage (tCO2)
• Actual removal䋭Baseline removal䋭Leakage =
Net anthropogenic GHG removals
• Net anthropogenic GHG removals = Additionality
= Credits (tCO2)
Calculation of Anthropogenically removed
Carbon by the AR-CDM project
Determination on necessity of AR-CDM
-additionality• Business as usual –land use without project
Biomass carbon
㽲present condition of land use䇮㽳economical condition for
forestation䇮㽴accessibility to the site䇮㽵technological level for
forestation
In the case of no-leakage
(tCO2/ha)
Actual net GHG removal
• Evaluation of forestation plan in current condition
㽲Forest plan existed䇮㽳Current plan is difficult for implementation䇮
㽴What barriers are existed for forestation
䋭to discuss from the aspects of finance, technology, regulations䇮&
other barriers䋭
Net anthropogenic GHG removal
• Necessity for AR-CDM
㽲Role of AR-CDM for solving these difficulty䇮㽳Additionality of
anthropogenic removal
䋭to stress benefit for implementation and to evaluate positive
aspects of the Plan䋭
Baseline net GHG removal
Project period (Year)
Issuance of credits as 䍀Adittionality䇹
Methodology of carbon pool
Items to be measured or analyzed
䋭Items to be measured䋭
• Green House Gas (GHG) :CO2, CH4, N2O, CFs
• 䋵 carbon pools :㽲above ground䇮and 㽳below
ground of vegetation䇮㽴dead tree䇮㽵forest litter䇮
㽶soil organic carbon
• Leakage:GHG emission derived from forestation
䋭Items to be analyzed䋭
Environmental impacts and socio-economic
impacts derived from AR-CDM project
• Frequency for determination : at least every 5
years (Monitoring)
• tree䊶vegetation䋺 Above- & under- ground
Biomass(t/ha)㬍0.5 = Sequestered carbon
(tC/ha)㬍 44/12(CO2) = Sequestered
CO2(tCO2/ha) 䋭designated in CO2䋭
䋭䌡䌬䌬䌯䌭䌥䌴䌲䌹 method would be adapted䋭
• 㽴dead tree & 㽵litter
䋭biomass id determined in sample plots, and calculated
by the equation above䋭
• 㽶Soil organic matter
䋭soil organic matter in 0~30cm depth of sample plots,
carbon is analyzed by chemical analysis䋭 designated
in tCO2/ha
― 37 ―
Allometry for common plantation
trees
Common methodology for Items
• Guided by IPCC
䋭 Good Practice Guidance (GPG)
Guideline on Items to be analyzed
Methodology for each Items
Default value & equation
• Methodology reported by scientific
magazines is also permitted
• Limited to trees with
growth data
• Tree Biomass (Kg)=
0.0118㬍dbh2.45㬍Basic
density0.379
• Simplified method
㪈㪇㪇
㪈㪇
㪈㪇
㪈㪇㪇
㪈㪇㪇㪇
㪤㪼㪸㫊㫌㫉㪼㪻㩷㪹㫀㫆㫄㪸㫊㫊㩷㩿㫂㪾㪀
• CFs : no emission in AR-CDM
• CH4 : gas chromatography, particularly wet land
䋭so far no default value
Ruminants such as caw, goat䋺 produce CH4.
100cc or 400cc soil core
䋰cm
㪪㫎㫀㪼㫋㪼㫅㫀㪸
㪧㪼㫉㫆㫅㪼㫄㪸
㪘㪺㪸㪺㫀㪸
㪚㪸㫊㫊㫀㪸
㪘㫑㪸㪻㫀㫉㪸㪺㪿㫋㪸
㪛㪸㫃㪹㪼㫉㪾㫀㪸
㪫㪼㪺㫋㫆㫅㪸
Methodology for GHG besides 䋵
carbon pools
Soil collection method for AR-CDM
• Standard method
㪜㫊㫋㫀㫄㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㪹㫀㫆㫄㪸㫊㫊㩷㩿㫂㪾㪀
-Calculation by AllometryDBH & wood density
Adapted to almost all
common plantation trees
Wood density䋺 from text
book or determined value
㪈㪇㪇㪇
0cm
Refer GHG for default value
10cm
20cm
30cm
• N2O : gas chromatography 䋭in case of
fertilization䋺 default value
• GHG emission by forest management :
e.g. Fuel䊶chemicals including fertilizer╬and
others 䋭designated in CO2
Please refer GPG by IPCC for default values
10cm
20cm
30cm
Baseline
Leakage
• Baseline = 䇸sequestered carbon before Project䇹
Carbon amount without AR-CDM
• Common vegetation condition under “business as usual”
land use since 䋱䋹䋸䋹
• Designated carbon pool (tCO2/ha) in the proposed ARCDM area
• If significant change is expected, re-determined at the
time
• In case of small scale AR-CDM䋭Simplified methodology
will be developed by CDM Executive Board in grassland,
wet land, farm land and residential area
• Other source of emission䋭confirm changes after
starting AR-CDM
• Leakage = Items transferred to outside
• GHG emission which occurs outside the project
by the activities of AR-CDM (CO2t)
For example䋺Gas emission by transference of
farming, pasturing, fuel collection and such types
of activities including shifting cultivation. Gas
emission by the people’s activities attracted by
the AR-CDM project
-leakage should be measurable and attributable-
― 38 ―
Relation with other international framework
Items to be analyzed
䋭particularly Sustainable Forest Management䋭
•
• Analysis on environmental impacts 䋭including climate,
hydrology, soil, ecosystems, & rare or endangered
specie and habitat
• Analysis on socio-economic impacts 䋭including legal
title to the land, access to the sequestered carbon,
current land tenure and land use, & stake holder’s
opinions
Judged by Host Country under her standard
Significant negative impacts
•
•
Requirement of
assessment
AR-CDM :Should be implemented
under the international frame work
of 䇸Sustainable Forest
Management䇹 and other framework
such as Biodiversity, Desertification
Reduce negative impacts to
environment 䃂Endangered and
rare species and Invasive trees䇮
䃂Health of forest by pests &
disease, and forest fire䇮
䃂Atmosphere and climate, 䃂Soil
condition and hydrological condition
Reduce negative impacts to socioeconomic conditions
䃂Composition of people and
income䇮 䃂Employment and
food production䇮
䃂Cultural
and religious sites䇮
䃂Access to
fuel and other forest products
• Other issues required judgement by Host Country
Selection of invasive plants to the Project
- in an example of a proposed AR-CDM in
Indonesia-
• Take note that items differ in Host Country
-Example of basic items for environmental impacts• 㽲Existence of rare & endangered fauna & flora 䋭If it
is yes, the project site would be reexamine.
• 㽳Categorized plant as a invasive tree by IUCN and Host
Country 䋭Exclude from target species for forestation
• 㽴Out break of pest and wide forest fire䋭Present the
control methods
• 㽵Climate 䋭Change of temperature and humidity
• 㽶Soil conservation䋭Frequency of soil erosion,
degradation of soil fertility
• 㽷Hydrology 䋭Water for agriculture and living, Water
level in rainy & dry season
•
1)Degradation of natural
components by forestation –
air, water, waste, chemicals
• 2)Regulated natural
conservation area –
International & domestic
protection area
• 3)Endangered or rare fauna &
flora - International, National &
Regional
• 4)Out break of pest & diseases
– possibility on host trees
• 5)Invasive plants – IUCN &
domestic regulation
Basic items to be analyzed for socioeconomic impacts
Take note that items differ in Host
Countries
-Example of basic items for
environmental impacts㽲Local community and indigenous
people-Back ground & historical
㽳Land tenure䋭Ownership and/or
cultivation right
㽴Employment䋭Income & type
㽵Agriculture䋭Food production & supply,
marketing
㽶Cultural & religious sites䋭
Management procedure
㽷Type of fuel & access䋭Place, volume
㽸Access to forest products and
marketing䋭Type, production, volume,
site
㽲Conservation of biodiversity
㽳Maintenance of productive
capacity of forest ecosystems
㽴Maintenance of forest ecosystem
health and vitality
㽵Conservation and maintenance of
soil and water resources
㽶Maintenance of forest contribution
to global carbon cycles
㽷Maintenance and enhancement of
long-term multiple socioeconomic benefits to meet the
needs of societies
㽸Legal, institutional and economic
framework for forest conservation
and sustainable management
Checklist of environmental impacts
Basic items to be analyzed for
Environmental Impacts
•
Criteria in {sustainable Forest
Management}
•
6)Control method on wild fire –
possibility, counter measure
• 7)Climate change by
forestation – temperature of air
& soil, moisture of soil & air
• 8)Water environmental change
by forestation – water out flow
in dry & rainy seasons, water
holding capacity of soil,
percolation rate of soil, water
quality
• 9)Soil environmental change
by forestation – fertility, eroded
area, gullies, surface erosion,
soil conservation trees
Monitoring & reporting
Questionnaire䋭an
example at Indonesia
• Monitoring is required at least in every 5 years
• Items to be monitored are as follows: monitoring
result are requested to be reported
• Items: 㽲䋵 carbon pool䇮㽳GHG emission by
project operation䇮㽴other GHG䇮㽵Baseline䇮㽶
Leakage䇮㽷out break of pest and occurrence of
forest fire䇮㽸environmental impact䇮㽹socioeconomic impacts䇮㽺other note worthy items
• Mode and method for management of data on
items above should be reported (㔚ሶ䊂䊷䉺䊶ᢥ
ᦠ䊂䊷䉺)
㽲Type of income of people in
project site
㽳Originated place of involved
people
㽴Level of income
㽵Age and family
㽶Fuel collection
㽷Opinion to forest logging
㽸Illegal logging from outside
㽹Participation to plantation project
㽺Opinion to forestation
㽻Method for good project
㽼Reason of participation
㽽Problems facing
㽾Impacts of project to community
― 39 ―
Rule of small scale AR-CDM
• Size of Small Scale AR-CDM 䋭
av.8,000tCO2/year 㺯40,000tCO2/䋵years
• Essential issue of Small scale AR-CDM
䋭 Involvement of low income community
or individuals
• Modalities 䋭
More simplified methodology than ordinal
AR-CDM would be adapted.
Points of small scale AR-CDM
Specific rule of small scale ARCDM
Difficult issues for actual operation
•
Monitoring methodology
Simplified methodology of
Baseline for small scale ARCDM
No significant changes in carbon stock =
• Monitoring of baseline is not required
• Simplified monitoring methodologies =
EB develops
• Simplified methodology of net
anthropogenic GHG removal = EB
directs
• One or more carbon pools
=
excluded from the estimation of baseline
net GHG and/or actual net GHG removal
Present carbon stock prior to implementation
• Significant changes = use simplified baseline
methodology developed by Executive Board
• Simplified baseline would be developed by CDM EB
㽲Grassland to
forested land
㽳Farmland to
forested land
㽴Wet land to
forested land
㽵Settlements to
forested land
with considering soil types, project period, climatic conditions
Rule of Leakage
Notable rule for AR-CDM
䋭Bundling and Debundling䋭
• Demonstrate that Small-scale AR-CDM
doesn’t result in the displacement of
activities or people, or doesn’t trigger
activities outside the project boundary
= leakage estimation not required
• Other cases = measure
• EB would develop a guide line for
determination of leakage
• Bundling=joint together
• For reduce implementation cost, several ARCDM would be able to “bundle”
• On the contrast, large project could not be
debundled because of adaptation of simplified
methodology (Debundling)
• Rule for debundling䋺
(a) with the same participant, &
(b) registered within 2 years, &
(c) within 1km of the boundary
― 40 ―
Before starting AR-CDM
• Project outline
Project Idea Note (PIN)
• Discussion with DNA (Host Country) and
Annex 㸇䋭DNA (Japan) by using PIN
• Selection of counterpart organization
• Confirmation of guidelines of Host Country
• Confirmation of eligibility of the target area
• Confirmation of barriers for AR-CDM
(additionality)
• Compile Project Design Document (PDD)
Starting process of AR-CDM
and Credits
Flow of CDM project
Required Items for PDD
Credits
Project planning
Flow of CDM Project
Items to be documented in PDD
Project Design Document
Approval by DNAs
Operational entity A
• A: General
information of
project activities
planned
• B: Methodology of
baseline additionality
• C: Methodology of
monitoring
Validation, registration
Financial planning
Monitoring
Investors
Project participants
Monitoring report
Verification, certification
Operational entity B
Reports for verification & certification
Issuance of CER
• D: Determination
methodology of net
anthropogenic removal and
emission by the project
• E: Documentation on
environmental impacts by
the project
• F: Documentation on socioeconomic impacts by the
project
• G: Stake holders’ opinion
with respect to the project
CDM Executive Board䊶CDM account
Examination of PDD
Who can plan and operate projects
• PDD is to be approved by Host Country & Annex
㸇Country 䋭Every Country should have special Account
for Credits
• Present to CDM Executive Board (EB)
• Judge Validity by Designated Operational Entity (DOE
qualified by EB)
• After Validation, Registered by EB
• Actual additionality is verified (Verification) by DOE
• After verification, EB certifies Credit and credit issuance
• Registration fee (DNA & EB)䈫Validation & Certification
fees may be requested
• Planner of AR-CDM Project
Groups of Annex 㸇 &
non-Annex㸇 countries
㽲 Case 1: non Annex㸇 plan and
implement, alone
㽳Case 2: non Annex㸇 plan and
cooperatively implements with
investor (s) of Annex 㸇
㽴Case 3: non Annex㸇 &
investors of Annex㸇 plan and
implement
― 41 ―
• Treatment of
Credits
㽲Case 1: to sell at
international
market䇮
Annex㸇 may buy
the credits
㽳Case 2 & 3:
Annex㸇 would buy
the credits for
targets of GHG
mitigation
Credits from AR-CDM
• Type of credits from AR-CDM: tCER (temporally) or lCER
(long-term)
Because of Fire & Logging Risks, these CERs might be
cheaper than that of emission reduction
• Credit would be transferred to the Account of
Annex㸇Country and be used for target of GHG mitigation
Main Target of Investor
• At present, credits from emission reduction may cost
US$6>? in international markets.
• However, AR-CDM gives favorable impacts to local
economy & environment
Therefore, CIFOR & other international organization
recommend.
― 42 ―
資料 1 ―（5）海外研修教材 森林科学研究所 Ngo Dinh Que 講師
PROPOSING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CRITERIA OF
PLANTATION FORESTS BY CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM TO
ENVIRONMENT, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IN VIETNAM
By Associate Prof. Dr. Ngo Dinh Que and collaborators
Forest Environment and Ecological Research Centre
INTRODUCTION
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the three flexible mechanisms of the
Kyoto protocol. In order to meet the protocol conditions it allows developed nations to
meet greenhouse gas emission by investment for forest plantation in developing countries
to absorb CO2 from atmosphere and mitigate gas emission.
Currently, gas emission in developing countries has not been restricted due to its amount
from those countries is less than its requirement by the protocol. CDM projects have been
conducted in collaboration between developing and developed countries would be a great
effort to reduce globally gas emission.
CDM projects have two major goals as follows:
x
To assist developing countries where CDM project will be carried out to attain
sustainable development target.
x
To give developed countries a flexible opportunity to meet the protocol condition
through their investment for CDM projects in developing countries.
In reality, the concept and implementation of CDM project are new to Vietnam. Vietnam
is one of the 168 nations to approve and is the full country member of the International
Convention for Climate Change. International Cooperation Department, Ministry of
Environment and Natural resources is officially the national focal point agency for the
CDM in March 2003. The CDM expert group has been established including
representatives from relevant ministries and sectors. The group has conducted activities
such as technical service, policy, investment, management etc. Forestry sector plays an
important role of implementing CDM projects to reduce gas emission through forest
plantation and rehabilitation.
In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the CDM projects, identification of EIA criteria
and indicators is the prerequisite for preparation and implementation of CDM projects.
Based on the study, some pilot research results on environment impact of plantation forest
types are reported for establishment of criteria and norms.
I. RESEARCH OBJECT, CONTENTS AND METHOD
1.1. Research object
Land area is planned for CDM plantation especially prioritizing for long rotation
indigenous timber species and highly absorption of CO2.
1
― 43 ―
1.2. Research content
1.2.1. Environment field
- Carry out field survey to collect information on yield, biological yield of
plantation forests;
- Elaborate the relationship between plantation forests and environmental factors
(soil characteristic, vegetation, forest structure, litter fall, microclimate, protection
ability);
- Calculate amount of CO2 absorption.
1.2.2. Socio-economic field
- Economic: Evaluation of economic efficiency based on study the change of
composition, expenditure and income from plantation forests.
- Social: Elaborate participation of people in project implementation as well as
impacts of the project to people's awareness on forest planting, protection and
management, and to livelihood of people.
1.3. Method
1.3.1. Environment
- Establish sample plot to measure forest growing and productivity criteria:
measuring the paradiameters (DBH, Height and stand volume).
- Gather and analyze environmental criteria both on field and experiment room
by common methods applied in forestry sector:
x
The changes of forest area, covering and ground vegetation
x
The changes of microclimate (humidity, temperature, light).
x The changes of soil fertility before start and termination of project through
following criteria: humus, total amount of nitrogen, natural weight, pH, digestible
phosphor, digestible kalium, soil microorganism etc.
- Measure amount of CO2 absorption by NIRI method and stem analytic method,
analyse Carbon content in tree and soil.
1.3.2. Economy: Economic efficiency evaluation is figured as the following criteria:
- Net Present Value (NPV): NPV is measured by the formula of DK. Paul
- Benefit Cost Rate (BCR): BCR is measured by the formula of John E. Gunter
- Internal Return Rate (IRR):
1.3.3. Society: Using participatory rural appraisal method (PRA)
The CDM project has not conducted yet, therefore, there has no clear evident of
social impacts. Hence, social impacts are qualitatively assessed.
2
― 44 ―
- Social impacts are assessed by local people and filled on the table below:
Assessment criteria
people participation
Job opportunity
Income
Timber and non-timber forest
products supply
Forest land-use right
Settlement
Forest protection awareness
General evaluation
Comment and recommendation
Very poor
Poor
Medium
Good
Very good
- Final evaluation of social impacts would be synthesized based on interviewing
results from local people.
Assessment criteria table is formulate based on environmental, economic and
social information processed by Excel processor and expertise method.
II. RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION
2.1. Impact to environment
2.1.1. Forest structure and biodiversity features
Normally, over 10 age plantation forest of pine (Pinus merkusii, P. massoniana),
and Eucalypt (Eucalyptus urophylla) have two stratums with a rich ground vegetation
under the main layer. In cases, those plantation forests have only one timber layer and
poor ground vegetation layer due to heavily disturbance of human such as collecting
dry leaves, firewood on ground and livestock grazing. The rate of canopy cover of
young pine forest with density from 1,300 to 1,500 tree per hectare is significant (0.6)
and equivalent to over 20 age pine forest with density from 700-800 tree/ha. However,
structure and diversity of pine forest with age over 20 age is more complicated than
those of pine forest of 10-15 age.
2.1.2. Soil characteristics
x Physical composition: Most visited pine forest sites is planted on light to medium
composition soil. Ratio of clay at control plot (grass, shrub) is slightly higher than pine
forest from 6 age upward. The lower age pine forest has higher ratio of clay than older
one. Soil is more porous with older plantation forest.
x pH: At 6 age of pine forest pH level of soil decrease, especially on the surface layer.
x Ratio of humus and nitrogen: Ratio of humus and nitrogen has not been improved
for pine forest under 19 age even this ratio reduced in case of 19 year old pine forest
3
― 45 ―
due to it is under growing stage. People collecting dry leaves is one of the reasons
contributing to the amount of humus and nitrogen compensation less than its removal.
However, the change of humus ratio of over 20 age pine forest is significant.
x Soil layer dept: The dept of soil layer reflect the fertility of soil and directly affect
to growth ability and production. Soil under the pine forest in the North of centre is
poor belonging to soil class II and III.
x Microorganism: amount of microorganism under 21 year old pine forest has
increased significantly (7.94*105) compare to bare land area (grass and shrub)
(0.76*105). Amount of fixed nitrogen microorganism under the 21 year old pine forest
is about 1.3*103 while it could not find in the bare land area.
x Litter fall: Fall amount of older pine forest is higher than younger one. Fall amount
of 8 to 26 year old pine forest is range from 3 to 14.2 tones/ha at the study sites. Litter
fall amount is higher for the good protection area than other areas e.g. fall amount of 6
year old pine forest in the centre region is 5.5 ton/ha and 8.5 ton/ha for 9 year old one
while it is 4.7 ton/ha for 26 year old forest and 3 ton/ha for 16 year old forest in poor
protection. Pine forest from 6 age upward can make soil condition changing and over
20 age pine forest could improve soil condition comprehensively.
2.1.3. Protection ability
Protection ability of forest is based on 4 factors including forest and vegetation cover,
sloping ratio and soil composition according to ”Assessing the protection ability of
plantation forest" (Nguyen Xuan Quat 2003). The result of Pine forest study is range
from 8 to 26 age (17 age on average) in North of centre shows that 71.4% in good
protection ability, 21.4% in medium protection ability and 7.1% in poor protection
ability. Over 17 age pine forest is good protection ability.
2.1.4. Microclimate feature
x Air temperature: Air temperature in the plantation forest is usually lower than
outside. Air temperature in older age pine forest (over 20 years) is about 4oC lower
than outside and it is about 1-2oC for 15-16 age pine forest.
x Air moisture: There is a big different in air temperature between inside and outside
of forest area. Compare to air temperature outside forest area, air moisture in the 26 age
pine forest is about 18% higher. This rate is about 16% higher for 21 age and from 28% for 15-16 age pine forest.
2.1.5. Forest yield and CO2 absorption capacity
a. CO2 absorption capacity measured by NIRI.
4
― 46 ―
Table 1: Measuring amount of CO2 absorption of different ages of Pinus merkusii forest
Sum total
Above
Sum total Sum total C
Dry timber
CO2
TL
ground
biomass
absorption
biomass
Age
Density
3
biomass
absorption
m /ha
ton/ha (D)
ton/ha (E)
ton/ha (B)
(year) tree/ha
ton/ha (C)
ton/ha (G)
(A)
D=C*1.2
E= D*0.5
B=A*0.5
C=B*1.33
G= E*3.67
5
1700
8.20
4.10
5.45
6.54
3.27
12.01
8
1423
18.68
9.34
12.42
14.91
7.45
27.35
9
2500
30.36
15.18
20.19
24.23
12.11
44.46
13
660
71.04
35.52
47.24
56.69
28.34
104.03
16
500
74.76
37.38
49.72
59.66
29.83
109.47
17
960
106.44
53.22
70.78
84.94
42.47
155.86
18
1130
125.04
62.52
83.15
99.78
49.89
183.10
20
1280
111.20
55.60
73.95
88.74
44.37
162.83
21
800
182.00
91.00
121.03
145.24
72.62
266.51
22
1800
167.70
83.85
111.52
133.82
66.91
245.57
25
1140
203.83
101.92
135.55
162.66
81.33
298.47
1263
99.93
49.97
66.45
79.75
39.87
146.33
Average
Table 2: Measuring amount of CO2 absorption of different ages of Pinus massoniana forest
Age
(year)
10
11
12
15
18
Average
Density
tree/ha
950
1050
1100
1500
850
1090
TL
m3/ha
(A)
108.95
129.02
172.00
184.00
296.00
177.99
Dry timber
biomass
ton/ha (B)
B=A*0.5
54.48
64.51
86.00
92.00
148.00
89.00
Above
Sum total
Sum total
ground
C
biomass
biomass
absorption
ton/ha (D)
ton/ha (C)
ton/ha (E)
D=C*1.2
C=B*1.33
E= D*0.5
72.45
86.94
43.47
85.80
102.96
51.48
114.38
137.26
68.63
122.36
146.83
73.42
196.84
236.21
118.10
118.37
142.04
71.02
Sum total
CO2
absorption
ton/ha (G)
G= E*3.67
159.54
188.93
251.86
269.44
433.44
260.64
5
― 47 ―
Table 3: Measuring amount of CO2 absorption of different ages of Eucalyptus urophylla
Above
Sum total Sum total
Dry timber
Sum total
ground
C
CO2
TL
Age
Density
biomass
biomass
biomass
m3/ha
absorption absorption
(year)
tree/ha
ton/ha (B)
ton/ha (D)
(A)
ton/ha (C)
ton/ha (E) ton/ha (G)
B=A*0.5
D=C*1.2
C=B*1.33
E= D*0.5 G= E*3.67
3
1800
60.10
30.05
39.97
47.96
23.98
88.01
4
1317
97.83
48.92
65.06
78.07
39.03
143.26
5
1300
117.02
58.51
77.82
93.38
46.69
171.36
6
1390
127.68
63.84
84.91
101.89
50.94
186.97
11
1200
227.00
113.50
150.96
181.15
90.57
332.40
12
1350
211.00
105.50
140.32
168.38
84.19
308.97
1393
140.11
70.05
93.17
111.80
55.90
205.16
Average
b. Measuring productivity and CO2 absorption of Pinus merkusii forest
The result indicates that older forest has higher standing volume as well as sum total
biomass (including stem, leaves, branches and root) than younger one, therefore,
amount of CO2 absorption is also higher. For instance, amount of CO2 absorption is not
less than 100 tones/ha for of over 20 age and 7.604 tones/ha/year for 16 age pine forest
and about 22.540 tones/ha for ground vegetation and 4.703 tones/ha forest floor.
Amount of CO2 absorption by timber layer of over 16 age pine forest is much higher
than floor, ground vegetation and scrub.
According to the analysis result of correlation equation – linear regression between
annual CO2 absorption amount (dependent variable D) and timber yield (independent
variable B) of pine forest shows that the existence of correlation equation is D = 0,91B
+ 1,08 ; r2 = 0,74 (t-stat = 2,40 > t (D = 0.05 & n-1=9) = 2,26). Correlatively, a correlation
equation between annual CO2 amount absorption (dependent variable D) and timber
yield (independent variable C) is D = 0,68C + 1,81 ; r2 = 0,96 (t-stat = 6,69 > t (D = 0.05 &
n-1=9) = 2,26). In theory based on the regression correlation equation it would measure
CO2 absorption amount for any forest stand when data of independent variables such as
yield and biomass are identified.
6
― 48 ―
Figure 1
The correlation between timber productivity (m3/ha/year), biological productivity
(ton/ha/year) and annual CO2 absorption of Pimus merkusii
20
Annual amount of CO2
absorption (ton/ha/year)
18
Timber productivity D =
0,91B + 1,08 ; r2 = 0,74
Biological productivity D =
0,68C + 1,81 ; r2 = 0,96
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
M3/ha/year/ton/ha/year)
Calculating the change coefficient: ratio coefficient between biological yield and
productivity for different age forest is 1.30 on average. The average ratio between annual
amount of CO2 absorption and biological yield is about 0.80 and this ration is lower than
exchange value that is applied by NIRI for other tree species (1.56 and 0,917).
However, this is preliminary research result and will be continued supplementary.
Age
(year)
5
8
9
13
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
25
TB
Table 4: Test calculation amount of CO2 absorption by Pinus merkusii
Yield
CO2 absorption
Density TL m3/ha
Timber
SH
ton/ha/year
ton/ha/year
Accumulation
tree/ha
(A)
3
m /ha/n¨m (B)
(C)
(D)
ton/ha
1700
8.20
1.64
2.13
1.71
8.53
1423
18.68
2.34
3.04
2.43
19.43
2500
30.36
3.37
4.38
3.51
31.57
660
71.04
5.46
7.10
5.68
73.88
500
74.76
4.67
6.07
4.86
77.75
960
106.44
6.26
8.14
6.51
110.69
1130
125.04
6.95
9.03
7.22
130.04
600
89.70
4.72
6.14
4.91
93.29
1280
111.20
5.56
7.23
5.78
115.65
800
182.00
8.67
11.27
9.01
189.27
1800
167.70
7.62
9.91
7.93
174.41
1140
203.83
8.15
10.60
8.48
211.98
1208
99.08
5.45
7.09
5.67
103.04
7
― 49 ―
The average standing volume of pine forest is about 99.08 m3/ha and biological yield is
7.09 tones/ha/year on average, equivalent to annual CO2 amount absorption about 5.67
tones/ha/year, and amount of CO2 absorption by biomass about 103.04 tones/ha.
c. The change of volume, yield and CO2 absorption of plantation species
In order to identify the rotation of CDM plantation forest, the calculating result for Acasia sp,
Eucalyptus urophylla and Pinus kesiya is presented on figure 2 and 3 below:
Figure 2
Volume, productivity and annual CO2 absorption by Eucalyptus Urophilla
20
CO2(ton/ha/year)
18
16
MAI(m3/ha/year)
14
12
CAI(x10m3/ha)
10
8
MAI
6
CAI
4
CO2
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Year
Figure 3
70
CAI(x10m3/ha)
60
MAI
CAI
CO2
50
40
30
CO2 (ton/ha/year)
20
MAI (m3/ha/year)
10
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
Year
8
― 50 ―
To identify the forest rotation it is necessary to know the age of tree with the highest
yield, the maximum and minimum amount of CO2 absorption. In reality, fast growing
species are exploited soon, therefore, the lowest growing stage of tree could not be
identified. Identification of forest cycle having both economic and environment
effectiveness should be based on practice and experience.
Table 5: The highest and lowest yield and amount of CO2 absorption of some species
Species
Maximum
Minimum
Soil
Density
MAI
CAI
CO2
CAI
CO2
class Age Density 3 MAI
Age
tree/ha m3/ha/year m3/ha ton/ha/year
tree/ha m /ha/year m3/ha ton/ha/year
II
6
1078
18.20 190.00
26.04 13
584
4.20 180.0
0
6.01
III
II
III
II
7
10
11
15
893
1020
1230
1351
14.60 102.00
19.70 196.50
14.80 162.40
6.50 96.80
20.89
28.18
21.17
9.30 30
436
8.15
III
18
1392
94.90
7.58 30
589
II
33
584
20.70 682.00
29.61 60
439
III
35
608
14.90 535.00
21.31 60
384
5.70 171.0
0
5.00 150.0
0
18.20 1084.0
0
13.30 797.0
0
II
P.
massoniana III
20
20
810
900
15.80 315.00
10.80 215.90
22.60
15.45
Styrax
tonkiensis
Eucalyptus
Urophylla
P. merkusii
P. kesiya
5.30
7.15
26.04
19.03
2.1.6. Assessing environment impact factors by pine forest
The study results show that impacts of pine forest to surrounding environment (soil,
air) have depended on many factors. The most important factors are forest structure,
topography, forest yield, climate (temperature, air moisture and light), and reduction of
CO2 emission. In which those factors interact and impact each other. For instant, forest
structure, ground vegetation cover has been influenced by geological factor and
sylviculture technical apply for plantation.
Forest is better growing in the low land areas and on light to medium and heavy
composition soil. Therefore, soil category and slopping factors plays an important role
in affecting the environment. Hence, forest-planting modality should be suitable.
To assess the impact of plantation forest to environment it should take in consideration
of the following factors: forest structure, forest soil (the thickness of floor vegetation
and soil layer), microclimate (difference in temperature between inside and outside of
forest), forest yield. pH index is very important to Pinus merkusii forest.
9
― 51 ―
The different use purposes of product of CDM regulate Carbon keeping time in that
product.
2.2. Evaluation of economic and social efficiency of project
2.2.1 Economic efficiency of CDM Pinus merkusii plantation forest
Plantation forest business is long cycle. However, plantation forest cycle for industrial
material supply by eucalyptus, acacia etc is from 8 to 10 years while the cycle for large
size timber may last for 30-40 years. Pinus merkusii cycle currently lasts for 50-80
years.
Other feature of plantation forest business is includes many stages of work: soil
preparation, planting, tending, protection etc. Those stages take place continuously in
the whole cycle of plantation forest business.
The test measurement for Pinus merkusii forest shows that (Hoang Minh Giam 2005).
- Growth D1,3 > 20 cm at age of 19.
- 3 times of thinning at age of 12, 15 and 18, the final density is 700 tree/ha
(resin extracted before each thinning).
- Afforestation cost and initial income:
x
Total cost for first 18 years is VND16,497,600 and total income is VND
5,980,000. Annual income (resin) from age of 19 is VND 9.100.000/ha, annual
cost is VND 2.744.000/ha, profit VND 6.356.000/ha/year.
x
To assume that the production cycle of Pinus merkusii is 50 years, rate of
discount is 5.4%/year, the result of economic efficiency is as follows:
¾
Total cost VND 104.003.200
¾
Total income VND 297.180.000
¾
Total profit VND 193.176.000
¾
Internal rate of capital recover 11.4% > 5.4%
¾
Rate of profit B/C = 2,04
¾
Capital recover point (NPV= 0) year 20th.
Remark: For Pinus merkusii forest with production cycle of 50 years it bears profit.
The internal rate of capital recover (11.4%) is greater than rate of discount (5.4%). It
means that one capital unit bears 2.04 time profit. It takes long time (20 years) to get
capital recover point for non-intensive planting. Plantation under the CDM project the
economic efficiency would be higher because CO2 index will be sold for developed
nations.
If planting establishment cost is 500 USD/ha and CO2 selling price is 5 USD/ton (by
NIRI) the amount of CO2 absorption is about 100 tones/ha (equivalent to over 50
m3/ha) can cover plantation investment. As the average amount of CO2 absorption
above Pinus massoniana forest (16 age), Pinus kesiya (10 age), Eucalyptus urophylla
10
― 52 ―
(4-5 age), Acacia hybrid (4-5 age), Acacia mangium (5-6 age), and Styrax tonkinesis (6
age) will recover the planting investment by selling CO2 absorption. In additional, over
20 age Pinus merkusii forest could extract 2.5-3 kg of resin/tree/year and firewood.
2.2.2. Social efficiency
a. Participation of people
Project succeeds when it actually contributes significant efficiency and engages the
participation of people. In addition, the objective of the project is in accordance with
local development target. The involvement of local people is the indicator for sociality
in forest planting.
b. Labour attraction
To assess the engagement of labour for each area, at least 30 households are
investigated before start and after completion of project. Successful project should
involve a large number of local labour during their idle time.
c. Awareness-raising of local people in forest tending, protection and management
Awareness of local people could be assessed based on the results of forest planting, tending
and protecting as well as the number of forest fires, violations before and after project.
2.3. Proposing impact assessment criteria of plantation to environment, economy
and society
2.3.1. Impact assessment criteria of CDM plantation to environment
Based on the research result on growth assessment and environment factors under the
influence of forest plantation modalities, the environment assessing criteria for canopy
closure forest is as follows:
11
― 53 ―
Table 6: Environment impact assessing criteria for plantation forest
No
Criteria
Factor
Norm
Forest structure
- Forest composition
Protection ability
- Protection ability
- Thickness of forest
floor (litter fall)
3.
Forest soil
- Thickness of soil layer
4
Microclimate
- Air moisture
Fast growing species
5
Production cycle
Medium growing
species
Slow growing species
Fast growing species
6
Forest yield
Medium growing
species
Slow growing species
7
Forest product use
General evaluation
Long term use
Pulp material
Fuel
> 75 points
61-75 points
46-60 points
<= 45 points
Score
Mixed planting
Sole
Good
Medium
Poor
> 4 cm (>8 tones/ha)
2-4 cm (5-8 tones /ha)
< 2 cm (<5 tones /ha)
> 50 cm
30-50 cm
< 30 cm
Lower than outside 3oC
Lower than outside 1-3oC
Lower than outside <1oC
> 15 years
10-15 years
<10 years
> 20 years
15-20 years
< 15 years
> 30 years
20-30 years
< 20 years
> 20 m3/ha/year
15-20 m3/ha/year
<15 m3/ha/year
> 15 m3/ha/year
12-15 m3/ha/year
< 12m3/ha/year
> 12 m3/ha/year
8-12 m3/ha/year
< 8 m3/ha/year
10
7
20
10
5
10
7
3
10
7
3
10
7
3
15
10
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
15
10
5
10
7
5
Environment sustainability
Security environment
Input to reach Environment security
Insecurity environment
12
― 54 ―
x Assessment test: The assessment result for 10 Pinus merkusii sites at ages from 6
to 26) in commencement of strong growth stage and canopy closure in North of centre
shows that one site (accounting for 10%) is insecurity environment, 4 sites (40%) need
input for environment security, and 5 sites (50%) of environment security. No study
site meets environment sustainability.
x Reason: The forest sites where do not ensure environment security may be the
causes of natural and human factors. The main causes are as follows:
- Inappropriate composition of planted species
- Poor growing
- Inappropriate forest structure due to sylviculture techniques (planting density,
tending).
- Regularly collect falling leaves, firewood and livestock grazing in the forest.
2.3.2. Impact assessment criteria of CDM plantation forest to social and economic
Economic field:
- Net Present Value (NPV)
x
NPV > 0: bearing interest, accepted
x
NPV = 0: capital recover, taking into consideration
x
NPV < 0: loss, unaccepted
- Internal rate of return (IRR)
x
IRR > r: possible capital recover, accepted
x
IRR < r: impossible capital recover, unaccepted
(Where: r is interest rate or discount rate there NPV= 0)
Social field:
Divided into 5 levels: Very poor, poor, medium, good, and very good rely
basically on assessment of local people
General evaluation: Good operation projects are the projects to achieve environment,
social and economic requirements. In case one of 3 above factors is not acceptable the
solutions should be drawn to overcome.
III. Conclusions and recommendations
3.1. Conclusions
Influence of forest on surrounding environment (soil, air) depends on interactive
factors: forest structure, topography, forest yield influencing directly to forest
environment (soil and microclimate: temperature, moisture, light), and CO2 reduction
in the atmosphere by absorption.
13
― 55 ―
CDM plantation project has influence on social, economic fields of local people,
especially to local community directly involves in the project’s activities.
3.2. Recommendations
To ensure environment security the solutions are given as follows:
-
To select appropriate tree species and site
-
To prepare a reasonable planting technique, tending and protection plan
-
To replace new planting species for poor growth species
Forest plantation and rehabilitation according to CMD is new to Vietnam. This
is both opportunity and challenge to forestry sector.
To conduct CDM projects in Vietnam there are following potentials and
challenges should be taken into consideration:
Potentials:
- Land resource: Availability of land.
- Planting species: diversity, fast growing, ensuring biodiversity conservation
requirements, sustainable development and effective use of natural resources.
- Labour force: Availability of labour
- Experience: Good experience of forest project management and implementation
Challenges:
- Knowledge and experience in guiding CDM project are restricted and new to
Vietnam.
- Lack of Knowledge and experience in managing, monitoring and evaluation of
environmental social and economic impact of CDM project.
- The absence of norm and criteria for implementation, monitoring and evaluation
of CDM project as well as international integration in CDM frame, Kyoto
protocol.
- Community and authority at all level are not familiar with long time project.
Though study met difficulties as limitation of time and budget, and large study
area the study has done a significant work and proposed initial norms and criteria for
CDM plantation forest in Vietnam. However, it is necessary to have additional study,
more number of species and expanding study areas for a comprehensive evaluation.
14
― 56 ―
資料 1 ―（6）海外研修教材 SNV オランダ開発機構
Felix ter Heegde 講師
Outline of the presentation
AR-CDM Case in Vietnam
Rung Vang Reforestation and Carbon project
•
Proposed Project Activity
•
Current stage
For MARD-DoF AR-CDM training
•
Baseline scenario
2 November 2005
Felix ter Heegde and Claudia Doets, SNV
•
Carbon scenario
•
Leakage
Vietnam
•
Difference between tCER and lCER
•
Expected benefits to farmers
•
Other benefits (Sustainable Development)
•
Activities and budget
Rung Vang Project – work in progress
Rung Vang: project site
Propose Project Activity
North-Central Vietnam / Thua Thien Hue/ A Luoi
Highly degraded barren hills, used for shifting cultivation
Forest land is allocated to local households (LUPLA)
Total project area: 4000 ha
80% People belong to ethnic peoples (Pa Co, Ta Oi, Ca Tu)
35% People live under the poverty line
Average land area 2,5 ha per farmer
Mixed native species and fast-growing exotic species (Acacia)
Farmer decides on tree species
Start with proto-project 100 ha in Hong Trung Commune
Project Idea Note (PIN)
Project Activities
Activity
Result
Land Use Planning and
Red-book certificate,
Land Allocation
Land entitlement household
Forestry extension
Household knowledge on
plantations
Plantation establishment
Each farmer a forest
Use of the Clean
Extra income household
Development Mechanism
Positive environmental
impact
― 57 ―
Realistically the baseline is a mix of scenario A and B
Baseline Methodology (first ideas)
General pattern of land use change in developing
Area countries
Developing countries
have already initiated
conservation, regeneration,
reforestation and soil
management activities in
an attempt to improve
their situation.
Agricultural and Urban Areas
Agricultural and Urban Areas
A
Degraded Areas
Natural Forest Areas
Degraded Areas
Past
Time
Area
Natural Forest Areas
Future
Present
Carrying capacity diminishes
Ecosystem resilience
and functions diminish
Poverty increases
Unsustainable development
Time
Improved management
Agricultural and Urban Areas
of agricultural soils
Degraded Areas
Natural forest
regeneration
Reforestation
Increasing
negative
Impacts
B
Natural Forest Areas
Past
If scenario B, what to include in Rung Vang?
Improved
management of
Reforestation
= Relevant as there is reforestation going on
in the district
Natural forest
regeneration
= Relevant as natural forest regenaration
does occur
Conservation of
remaining forest
= Not relevant as the project area is not a
natural forest
Area
currently
reforested
Area
currently
regenerated
Assessing the probability of reforestation in the
baseline
worse
similar
better
Land tenure and
a
land use rights
Area*a
Area*a
Area*a
Compared to
participants in
Rung Vang,
existing
plantation
owners have
Conditions:
b
less
Area*b
similar
Area*b
more
Area*b
Capacity to invest in
reforestation activities
c
less
Area*c
similar
Area*c
more
Area*c
Skills and technological
capacities for forestry
d
less
Area*d
similar
Area*d
more
Area*d
Reforestation dependent
livelihoods
e
less
Area*e
similar
Area*e
more
Area*e
Productive lands
for reforestation
Criteria weight as decided and
justified by the project proponent;
A = (¦ Areas*i)
remaining forest
Time
When to consider reforestation and nat.
regeneration in Rung Vang?
= Not relevant as the project area is not very
suitable for agriculture
agricultural soils
Conservation of
Future
Present
Less than 5%
of the proposed
project target
Reforestation is not part of the
baseline.
More than 5%
of the proposed
project target
Reforestation could be part of the
baseline. See next slide
Less than 5% of areas where
forest should be restored
(in advance land ass. needed )
Regeneration is not part of the
baseline.
More than 5% of areas where
forest should be restored
(in advance land ass. needed )
Regeneration could be part of the
baseline. See next slide
Assessing the probability of natural regeneration in
the baseline (needs more work)
Assess
entire
livelihood
B = (¦ Areas*i) C = (¦ Areas*i)
a+b+c+d+e =1
If A x 2 + B > 5% of project area: reforestation is part of the baseline
If A x 2 + B < 5% of project area: reforestation is not part of the baseline
― 58 ―
Describe
use of ARCDM
eligible
area
Decide
whether
described
land uses
are of high
or low
importance
for the
livelihood
If of low
importance for
the livelihood,
can natural
regeneration
occur and
increase
carbon stocks?
If yes, natural
regeneration
needs to be
included in
the baseline!
Assessing the probability of current land-use in
the baseline
Baseline Scenario
Probability of Reforestation
being part of the baseline
X Carbon stocks in the carbon pools
of existing plantations
+
100 %
-
Probability of
Reforestation
in the
baseline
Probability of
- Natural
Regeneration
in the baseline
=
Probability of
Current Land
Use in the
baseline
Carbon stocks in the carbon pools
of existing regeneration
Prob. of Natural Regeneration in the baseline
X
Prob. of Current Land-Use
in the baseline
Carbon stocks in the carbon pools
X
of current land use
+
Baseline
Scenario
Baseline Scenario, first estimations for Hong
Trung Commune (by RCFEE)
Vegetation
types
Carbon Scenario
Carbon Pools
Carbon stocks in the carbon pools of current land use
Forest model 2
Shrub
Grass
Root
Litter
Dead stem
0.00
1.62
7.43
0.00
2.10
11.15
= tC/ha
Co Tranh
0.54
1.84
4.15
1.06
0.00
7.6
= tC/ha
Lau Lach
0.00
1.95
11.48
7.80
4.76
Te guot
0.60
3.25
5.44
4.08
0.00
=
Pinus Keysia
model
=
Mangletia
glauca model
=
Planted
X Area per
X Estimate CO2e
stored in dead
model
organic material per
model per year
Forest model 3
Forest model 4
Forest model 5
= 13.37
tC/ha
=
Total CO2e
stored per
year
Estimate CO2e
stored in soil per
model per year
= 25.99
tC/ha
NOTE: When planting leguminous species (e.g. Acacia) , emission
of N2O should be deducted from Carbon Pools in CO2e!
Leakage
Carbon Scenario, first estimations for Hong Trung
Commune (by RCFEE)
Agro-forestry
model
Estimate CO2e
stored in above
ground biomass per
model per year
Forest model 1
Co Tranh
mixed
with Lau
Chay
=
15.5 tCO2e stored
in all pools/ ha/ yr
31.96 tCO2e stored
in all pools/ha/yr
Probability
of leakage
due to
shifting
activities
19.13 tCO2e
stored in all
pools/ha/yr
― 59 ―
Carbon stocks
X in the carbon
pools of land
uses where
activities will
be shifted
Other
+ sources
of
leakage
=
Total
Leakage
Net GHG effect
Project scenario
Baseline scenario
+
Total Leakage
=
Net Anthropogenic
GHG effect
AR-CDM tCERs and lCERs: Quantification
AR-CDM tCERs and lCERs: lifetime
Reduction of
antrop. net
CO2e
n
㪩㪼㪻㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷
㪸㫅㫋㫉㫆㫇㪅㩷㫅㪼㫋㩷
㪚㪦㪉㪼
n+5
n+10
n+15
Years
n
n+5
Reduction of
antrop. ne
CO2e
n+10
n+15
Crediting Period
Crediting Period
(20x1, 20x2, 20x3 or 30 years)
(20x1, 20x2, 20x3 or 30 Years)
Reduction of
antrop. ne
CO2e
Years
2012
2017
2022
2027 2032
Lifetime until the following
batch is issued
AR-CDM tCERs and lCERs: What happens if you loose
carbon?
Reduction
Net
of
CO
antrop.
2e
net CO2e
invalid
lCERs
Reduction
Net
of
CO
antrop.
2e
net CO2e
No change
R
V1
V2
V3
V4
E
R
V1
V2
V3
V4
E
― 60 ―
Lifetime until the end of the
crediting period
Rung Vang: expected benefits to farmers
Benefit to farmers: revenue in between harvests
Cashflow w ith loan and CDM
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
Cash Flow Farm er
(m il VND)
Cash Flow Farmer
(mil VND)
Cashflow with and without loan
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
Time (year)
Time (year)
Matrix of Benefits
Matrix of Benefits
Meso
Macro
Wood production/
Forest coverage/
Employment/
Carbon Credits/
Micro
Formal
Formal
Household income increase
Increase wood provision
Environmental awareness/ Contribution MDG 7
Increase fuelwood and agricultural produce
Water retention
Increase land ownership
Informal Less Land-slides/ Reduced Reduced risk Global
Informal
Less vulnerability ethnical poor
Knowledge level raised
Grass-root democracy
pressure forest/ Less
warming/ Biodiversity/
illegal logging/ Scenic
Prestige CDM show
beauty
case Vietnam
Women empowerment
Questions?
Rung Vang: budget
#
Activity
1
LUPLA
2
Extension & training
3
Direct plantation costs
4
Advisory services
659,250
5
Transaction costs CDM
142,000
6
Project management by
91,500
Amount
%
Source
37,473
1% ODA
514,935
19% ODA
1,217,226
46% International bank (VN
bank)
25% SNV
5% Mitsubishi Securities
3% ODA
District Authority
― 61 ―
Thank you for your attention!
Contact details:
Claudia Doets
[email protected]
Telephone ++84(0) 54 830192
Fax
++84(0) 54 820275
― 62 ―
資料 2 ―（1）国内研修教材 林野庁 清水俊二講師
― 63 ―
― 64 ―
― 65 ―
― 66 ―
― 67 ―
― 68 ―
― 69 ―
― 70 ―
― 71 ―
― 72 ―
― 73 ―
― 74 ―
資料 2 ―（2）国内研修教材 JIFPRO 主任研究員 森徳典講師
὇㉄䉧䉴ๆ෼㊂੍᷹ᴺ
὇⚛䊒䊷䊦䈱ㆬᛯ
䋱䋮ᬀᨋᧁ࿾਄ㇱ䇮ห࿾ਅㇱ䉕ㆬᛯ䈚䈢ᤨ
䋲䋮ᨗ䉏ᧁ䇮⪭⪲⪭ᨑ䇮࿯ფ᦭ᯏ὇⚛䉅ㆬᛯ䈱ᤨ
⃻ታ⚐ๆ෼㊂
ੱὑ⊛
⚐ๆ෼㊂
㸣
䌴CER
䌬CER
ឃ಴㊂
⃻ታๆ෼㊂
Baseline䈱⁁ᘒ
䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮
ๆ෼㊂
䊶ᣇᴺ⺰䋨NBM䋬NMM䋩䈱ਛᔃ䈲CO2ๆ෼㊂䈱ផቯᣇᴺ䈪䈅䉎䇯
䊶ᣇᴺ⺰䈲䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃᧦ઙ䈮ว䉒䈞䈩䈧䈒䉎䉅䈱䈪䋬
ቯ䉁䈦䈢ᣇᴺ⺰䈲䈭䈇䇯
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮CO2ๆ෼㊂ផቯᚻ㗅
䋱䋮 ⨲࿾㸢᫪ᨋ࿾䋺ૐἠᧁ࿾䉕฽䉃
䋲䋮 ⠹࿾㸢᫪ᨋ࿾䋺⃻⁁ᬀ↢䋨⨲and/orૐᧁ䋩䈮䉋䉎
䋳䋮 Ḩ࿾㸢᫪ᨋ࿾䋺CH4⊒↢䈭䈬ᮡḰ⊛ᣇᴺ䈏ᧂ㐿⊒
䋴䋮 ૑ዬ࿾㸢᫪ᨋ࿾䋺䈾䈫䉖䈬䈭䈇䈫ᕁ䉒䉏䉎
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮ᣇᴺ⺰䈪䈲
ੱὑ⊛䋨ᬀᨋᧁ䈮䉋䉎䋩⚐CO2ๆ
෼㊂䈱੐೨ផቯ䈏ᔅⷐ
䋱䋺䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉲䊅䊥䉥䈮ၮ䈨䈇䈢ᬀ↢䈱㓏ጀ
䋨⒳ 㘃䋩ಽ䈔
ᬀ‛⒳㘃䇮䈫䈒䈮ᧁᧄ䋯ᬀ↢㜞䋯ᬀ↢ኒᐲ䈭䈬
䋲䋺ᧁᧄએᄖ䈱ᬀ↢䈲ๆ෼㊂ᄌൻ䈲䉷䊨䈫䈚䈩䉋䈇
䈚䈎䈚䋬࿾ᜥ䈋䈭䈬䈪㒰෰䈘䉏䉎䈱䈪䋬࿾਄ㇱ⃻ሽ
㊂䉕CO2ឃ಴㊂䈫䈚䈩ᷫ䈛䉎䋨ᓟㅀ䋩䇯
䋳䋺㓏ጀ䈗䈫䈮䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴⃻ሽ㊂䈱ផቯ
ๆ෼㊂䋽䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴Ⴧട㊂䋽⃻ሽ㊂t䋭⃻ሽ㊂0
䊶ૐἠᧁ䊶⨲࿾䈱䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴᷹ቯᴺ䈲ᓟㅀ䈜䉎
䊶ዊⷙᮨ䈪䈲䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴⃻ሽ㊂䉕䉪䊧䊂䉞䉾䊃ᦼ㑆䉕ㅢ䈛䈩
ᬀᨋᧁๆ෼㊂䋭䋨䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮ๆ෼㊂䋫GHGឃ಴㊂
䋫䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䋩
䉕ផቯ䈚䋬䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱ㅊടᕈ䉕⸽᣿䈜䉎
䈖䈱ផቯᣇᴺ䈲䋬੐ᓟ䋨䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫ᓟ䋩䈱CO2ๆ෼㊂䈱᳿ቯ
䈮䉅䋬ේೣ೑↪䈪䈐䉎䇯
৻ቯ䈫⷗䈭䈚䇮䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䈲ਇⷐ
II. ᨋᧁ䈱႐ว A. ᐕᚑ㐳㊂䋨MAI)䈎䉌ផቯ
CO2㊂䈫ᬀ‛䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂䈫䈱ၮᧄ㑐ଥ
䋱䋺ᐕ䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴Ⴧട㊂
CO2㊀㊂㬍12/44䋽C㊀㊂
C㊀㊂䋽CF䋨䋽0.5䋩䋪㬍ᬀ‛૕㊀㊂䋨䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂䋩
એ਄GPG䈱ⷙቯ䋨Default)୯
଀䈲ዋ䈭䈇䈏䋬ᐕჇട㊂䋨ton/ha䊶yr䋩䈱䈅䉎᮸⒳
↥ᬺ↪ᣧ↢᮸䋬䊙䉿㘃䋬䉼䊷䉪䈭䈬
࿾਄ㇱCO2䋨WCa) 䋽࿾਄ㇱੇ‛ᐕჇട㊂㬍CF㬍44/12
ోᧁCO2䋨䂦Ct䋩䋽WCa㬍䋨䋱䋫R䋩 R:࿾ਅㇱᲧ₸
䂦Ct㬍㕙Ⓧ䋽䂦Cp䋺䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ๆ෼㊂
䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂㬍1/2㬍44/12䋽CO2㊂
䈅䉎ᦼ㑆䈱
CO2ๆ෼㊂䋽䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴Ⴧട㊂䋽ᚑ㐳㊂䋨㊀㊂䋩
䋱䋺ᬀ‛૕㊀㊂䋨䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䋩Ⴧട㊂
䂦W䋽䋨Wt 䋭W0䋩
䋲䋺ᐙ䈱૕Ⓧ䋨᧚Ⓧ䋩Ⴧട㊂䈎䉌㊀㊂䈮឵▚
䂦W䋽䂦V㬍D㬍BEF
䂦V䋽䋨Vt䋭V0䋩
D=᧚ኒᐲ䇮BEF=䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴᜛ᄢᒻᢙ䋨ᓟㅀ䋩
ᬀᨋᧁ䈮䉋䉎὇⚛ๆ෼㊂䈱଀
᮸ ⒳
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus
Acacia
Cassia
Swietenia
Techtona
䋪䉶䊦䊨䊷䉴䋨C6H12O5)n䈱C฽᦭₸䈲⚂䋴䋴䋦
― 75 ―
ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ᫪Ꮉ⎇䉋䉍
ᐕ㑆὇⚛ๆ෼㊂䋨ton/ha䊶䌹䌲䋩 ᩮㇱ䈱ഀว(%)
globulus
grandis
mangium
siemea
macrophylla
grandis
8.6 – 16.3
7.9 䋭 8.4
7.8 䋭14.4
8.6 䋭13.5
3.1 䋭 6.5
1.9 䋭2.1
15.8
17.9
15.3
32.5
33.2
22.8
䋲䋺ᐕᐔဋᚑ㐳㊂䋨MAI䋺 m3/ha䊶yr 䋩
WCa䋽MAI㬍D䋨ton/m3䋩㬍CF㬍44/12㬍BEF
䂦Ct䋽WCa䊶䋨䋱䋫R䋩
R:࿾ਅㇱᲧ₸
䋨Acacia mangium ࿾૏䋱䋩
ᨋ㦂
ᧄᢙ
ᐔဋ᮸㜞
ᐔဋ⢷㜞⋥ᓘ
᧚ Ⓧ
ᐕᐔဋᚑ㐳㊂
ᐕ
㪉
ᧄ䋯㪿㪸
㫄
㪺㫄
㫄㪊䋯㪿㪸
㫄㪊䋯㪿㪸䊶䌹
㪈㪍㪇㪇
㪋㪅㪐㩷
㪊㪅㪎㩷
㪥
㪥
㪊
㪈㪍㪇㪇
㪎㪅㪎㩷
㪌㪅㪐㩷
㪈㪐㪅㪐㩷
㪍㪅㪍㩷
㪋
㪈㪍㪇㪇
㪈㪇㪅㪉㩷
㪎㪅㪎㩷
㪋㪉㪅㪍㩷
㪈㪇㪅㪎㩷
㪌
㪈㪋㪉㪍
㪈㪉㪅㪊㩷
㪐㪅㪋㩷
㪍㪋㪅㪍㩷
㪈㪉㪅㪐㩷
㪍
㪈㪉㪊㪍
㪈㪋㪅㪉㩷
㪈㪇㪅㪏㩷
㪏㪊㪅㪌㩷
㪈㪊㪅㪐㩷
㪎
㪈㪈㪇㪋
㪈㪌㪅㪏㩷
㪈㪉㪅㪉㩷
㪈㪇㪉㪅㪉㩷
㪈㪋㪅㪍㩷
㪏
㪈㪇㪇㪍
㪈㪎㪅㪊㩷
㪈㪊㪅㪋㩷
㪈㪉㪇㪅㪋㩷
㪈㪌㪅㪇㩷
㪐
㪐㪊㪈
㪈㪏㪅㪎㩷
㪈㪋㪅㪌㩷
㪈㪊㪏㪅㪇㩷
㪈㪌㪅㪊㩷
㪈㪇
㪏㪎㪇
㪈㪐㪅㪐㩷
㪈㪌㪅㪍㩷
㪈㪌㪌㪅㪈㩷
㪈㪌㪅㪌㩷
B䋺䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂䈱ᦼ㑆Ꮕ䈎䉌ផቯᴺ
䈅䉎ᤨὐ䈪䈱㊂䉕ផቯ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮䇮䈠䈱䈫䈐䈱
ᐙ⋥ᓘ䋨⢷㜞䋩䋬᮸㜞䋬ᧄᢙኒᐲ䈫䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂䈱㑐ଥ䈎䉌⸘▚
D
H
㱝
䋱䋺ᨋ࿾䈱D,H, 㱝䈱ផቯ
ᮡḰ࿾䈱ోᧁ⺞ᩏ 䋨⋡቟䈱㕙Ⓧ䋺30䌾50ᧄಽ䋬ᐔဋ᮸㜞ಽ䈱⋥ᓘ䋩
A:⋧ኻᚑ㐳ᑼ䋨allometric equation䋩䈱೑↪
Ws䋽a䋨D䋲䋩b or Ws䋽a䋨D䋲H䋩b
B䋺ᐙ᧚Ⓧᑼ䈱೑↪䋬෼ⓠ⴫䈱೑↪
V䋽aDbHc logV=a+b(1/A)+c(S/A) A: age, S: site index
ᨋᧁ䈱໡ᬺ᧚Ⓧ䈎䉌ផቯ䈜䉎
ᵈ䋩⮌ណ㓸䈭䈬䈮䉋䉍䋬䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂䈏ᷫዋ䈜䉎䈫䈐䈲
䈠䈱㊂䉕ផቯ䈚䈩Ꮕ䈚ᒁ䈒ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䉎䇯
䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂ផቯ੐଀䋱
A䋺Allometryᑼ䈱೑↪
䉝䉦䉲䉝䊙䊮䉩䊠䉡䊛䇭㪈㪊ᐕ↢ 㪧㫃㫆㫋㩷㪘㫉㪼㪸㪑㩷㪈㪇㪇㫄㪉
㪥㫆
㪛
㪟
㪮㫊
㪛㪉
㪛㪉㪟
㫂㪾
㪺㫄
㫄
㪺㫄㪉 㪺㫄㪉䊶㫄
㪈
㪈 㪌 㪅㪈 㪈 㪐 㪅㪊 㪉㪉㪏㪅㪇 㪋㪋㪇㪇㪅㪍 㪏㪋㪅㪏㪎㪈
㪉
㪈 㪍 㪅㪉 㪉 㪇 㪅㪊 㪉㪍㪉㪅㪋 㪌㪊㪉㪎㪅㪌 㪈㪇㪇㪅㪌㪉
㪊
㪈 㪏 㪅㪊 㪉 㪈 㪅㪌 㪊㪊㪋㪅㪐 㪎㪉㪇㪇㪅㪈 㪈㪊㪈㪅㪉㪌
㪋
㪈 㪐 㪅㪋 㪉 㪉 㪅㪎 㪊㪎㪍㪅㪋 㪏㪌㪋㪊㪅㪋 㪈㪌㪉㪅㪎㪉
㪌
㪉 㪈 㪅㪌 㪈 㪏 㪅㪉 㪋㪍㪉㪅㪊
㪏㪋㪈㪊 㪈㪌㪇㪅㪍㪌
䊶 䇭 䇭䊶 䇭䇭䊶 䇭䇭䊶
䇭䇭䊶
䇭䇭䇭䊶
㪈㪌 㪈 㪌 㪅㪇 㪈 㪏 㪅㪎 㪉㪉㪌㪅㪇 㪋㪉㪇㪎㪅㪌 㪏㪈㪅㪌㪍㪌
㪘㫍㫉㪅
㪈㪏㪅㪍
㪉㪈㪅㪇 㪊㪐㪇㪅㪍 㪏㪉㪇㪉㪅㪍 㪈㪋㪎㪅㪊㪈
㪫㫆㫋㪸㫃㩷
㪈㪋㪎㪊㪅㪈
䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂ផቯ੐଀䋲
B䋺᧚Ⓧᑼ೑↪
䉝䉦䉲䉝䊙䊮䉩䊠䉡䊛䇭㪈㪊ᐕ↢
㪥㫆
㪛
㪟
㪭㫊
㪺㫄
㫄
㫄㪊
㪈
㪈 㪌 㪅㪈
㪈 㪐 㪅㪊
㪇㪅㪈㪎㪈
㪉
㪈 㪍 㪅㪉
㪉 㪇 㪅㪊
㪇㪅㪉㪇㪊
㪊
㪈 㪏 㪅㪊
㪉 㪈 㪅㪌
㪇㪅㪉㪍㪍
㪋
㪈 㪐 㪅㪋
㪉 㪉 㪅㪎
㪇㪅㪊㪈㪈
㪌
㪉 㪈 㪅㪌
㪈 㪏 㪅㪉
㪇㪅㪉㪐㪉
䊶
䇭 䇭䊶
䇭䇭䊶
䇭䇭䇭䊶
㪈㪌
㪈 㪌 㪅㪇
㪈 㪏 㪅㪎
㪇㪅㪈㪍㪊
㪘㫍㫉㪅
㪈㪏㪅㪍
㪉㪈㪅㪇
㪇㪅㪉㪍㪎
㪫㫆㫋㪸㫃㩷
㪉㪅㪍㪎
◲⇛ᴺ
ᨋಽᐔဋD㸢Ws
Ws㬍ha䈅䈢䉍ᧄᢙ䋽W䌴/ha
Ws:නᧁ䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴
Wa䋺㕙Ⓧᒰ䈢䉍
㪘㫃㫃㫆㫄㪼㫋㫉㫐㪑 㪮㫊㪔㪇㪅㪇㪌㪇㪋䋪䋨㪛 㪉 䋪㪟䋩 㪇 㪅㪏 㪏 㪌 㪌 䋨㫂㪾䋩
㪫㫆㫋㪸㫃㩷㪮㫊㩷㪈㪋㪎㪊㪅㪈㬍㪈㪇㪇㪇㪇㫄 㪉 㪆㪈㪇㪇㫄 㪉 䋽㪈㪋㪎㪊㪈㪇㫂㪾㪆㪿㪸
䇭㪮㪸䋽㪈㪋㪎㪅㪊㪈㫋㫆㫅㪆㪿㪸
㪘㫃㫆㫄㪼㫋㫆㫉㫐ᑼ䈏࿾਄ㇱ䈱䉂䈱䈫䈐
ోᧁ䈱㊀㊂䈲࿾਄ㇱ䈫࿾ਅㇱ䈱Ყ₸䈎䉌⸘▚
䇭଀䋺࿾ਅㇱ䈏࿾਄ㇱ䈱㪉㪇䋦䈱ᤨ䇭䇭࿾਄ㇱ㊀㬍䋨䋱䋫㪇㪅㪉䋩
䇭㪮㫋䋽㪈㪋㪎㪅㪊㪈㬍㪈㪅㪉䋽㪈㪎㪍㪅㪎㪎㫋㫆㫅㪆㪿㪸
WCpj-WCpi䋽䂦Cp
jᤨ䈫iᤨ䈱Ꮕ䋽ๆ෼㊂
㪧㫃㫆㫋㩷㪘㫉㪼㪸㪑㩷㪈㪇㪇㫄㪉
᧚Ⓧផቯᑼ䋺
㪭㪔 㪸㪛 㪹 㪟 㪺 㩿㫄㪊㪀
㪸㪔㪇㪅㪇㪇㪇㪇㪎㩷㩷㩷㪹㪔㪈㪅㪍㪐㪎㪌㩷㩷㩷㪺㪔㪈㪅㪇 㪎㪏㪉
䇭㪿 㪸䈅䈢䉍᧚Ⓧ䋺 㪉 㪅㪍 㪎 㬍㪈 㪇 㪇 䋽㪉 㪍 㪎 㫄㪊 㪆 㪿 㪸
᧚䈱ኒᐲ䋺 㪇㪅㪌㪈䇭䋨 㫋㫆㫅㪆㫄㪊䋩䇭䇭
䇭㪿 㪸䈅䈢䉍᧚䈱㊀㊂䋺 㪉 㪍 㪎 㬍㪇 㪅㪌 㪈 䋽㪈 㪊 㪍 㪅㪈 㪎 㫋㫆㫅 㪆 㪿 㪸
㪙㪜㪝䋺࿾਄ㇱ㊂㪆 ᐙ㊂䋽㪈 㪅㪈 㪉
࿾਄ㇱ䋺࿾ਅㇱᲧ₸䋽㪈 㪅㪉
䇭㪿 㪸䈅䈢䉍ోᧁ㊀㊂䋺 㪈 㪊 㪍 㪅㪈 㪎 㬍㪈 㪅㪈 㪉 㬍㪈 㪅㪉 䋽㪈 㪏 㪊 㪅㪇 㪈 㫋㫆㫅 㪆 㪿 㪸
WCt㊂䋽183.0㬍CF㬍44/12䋽335.5ton/ha䋬WCt㬍㕙Ⓧ䋽projectో㊂䋨WCp䋩
WCt䋨CO2㊂䋩䋽176.8㬍0.5䋨CF)㬍44/12䋽324.1ton/ha
䋲ᤨὐ䈱WCt㊂䈱Ꮕ䈎䉌ᦼ㑆ๆ෼㊂䋨䂦Ct䋩䈲▚಴䈜䉎
ⷙቯ୯䋬ቯᢙ䋬⸘▚ᑼ䈭䈬䈱౉ᚻ 䋨೎⚕ෳᾖ䋩
V:m3
BEF
Root/Shoot
䋪࿖㓙⊛䈭ⷙቯ୯䋺 CF䋽0.5 C㸢CO䋲䋽44/12
䋪᧚ኒᐲ䋺࿖䈱ᧁ᧚ଢⷩ䋬GPG⴫
䋪࿾ਅㇱ₸䋺ᢥ₂䋬GPG⴫
䋪BEF䋺ᢥ₂䋬GPG⴫
䋪᧚Ⓧᑼ䊶෼ⓠ⴫䈭䈬䋺࿖䋬ᢥ₂෼㍳㓸䋬GPG⴫
䋪Allometricᑼ䋺ᢥ₂䋬GPG⴫
D:t/m3
ⷙቯ୯䈱᮸㦂䈮䉋䉎ᄌൻ
ේೣ
䊶䈠䈱࿾ၞ䊶ห᮸⒳䈱᷹ቯ୯䈱೑↪
䊶࿖䈱ᮡḰ୯䋬ᄢ࿖䈪䈲⥄ὼ᧦ઙ䈱ૃ䈢ㄭ㓞࿖䈱୯
䊶ห᮸⒳䈏䈭䈇ᤨ䋺 ห䈛ዻ䋬㘃ૃ᮸ᒻ䋬㘃ૃ↢ᵴᒻ
䊶࿖㓙⊛䈭୯䋨GPG䋩
ታ᷹୯એᄖ䈲䋬಴ౖ䉕᣿⸥䈜䉎
ណ↪䈮ᒰ䈢䈦䈩䈲Conservative䉕ᔃ䈏䈔䉎
V, D, BHF, Root/Shoot䈫⢷㜞⋥ᓘ䈱㑐ଥ䋨A. mangium䋩
䋨Miyakuni䋬Kiyono et.al 2005䋿䋩
࿾ਅㇱ₸䉇BEF䈲᮸⒳䋬᮸㦂䈮䉋䈦䈩ᄌ䉒䉎䈱䈪䋬
႐ว䈮䉋䈦䈩䈲䋬ታ᷹䉕᳞䉄䉌䉏䉎႐ว䉅䈅䉍䈉䉎
― 76 ―
GHG䈱ឃ಴㊂䈱ផቯ
ឃ಴Ḯ
䉧䉴
ൻ⍹Άᢱ CO2 N2O CH4
ᬀ‛὾ළ CO2 N2O CH4
⢈ᢱ
N2O
䋨䈠䈱䋱䋩
GHG䈱ឃ಴㊂䈱ផቯ
஻⠨
䋨䈠䈱䋲䋩
GHGE䋽Άᢱ䋫὾ළ䋨CO2એᄖ䋩䋫⢈ᢱ䋫B⃻ሽ㊂
CO2એᄖ䈲ήⷞ䈪䈐䉎
CO2䈲䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴ᷫዋ㊂䈫䈚䈩⸘▚ᷣ䉂
N2Oએᄖ䈲ήⷞ䈪䈐䉎
⓸⚛⢈ᢱ䈎䉌䈱ឃ಴䋨CO2឵▚䋩
N2O䈱ឃ಴㊂Wn䋽䈀วᚑ⢈ᢱN㊂㬍䋨䋱䋭ើ⊒₸sn䋩䋫᦭ᯏ⢈ᢱN㊂
㬍䋨䋱䋭ើ⊒₸on䋩䈁㬍N2Oឃ಴ଥᢙ
CO2឵▚N2O㊂䋽Wn㬍44/28㬍310
ឃ಴ଥᢙ䋨EF䋩䋺ᣉ⢈⓸⚛㊂䈱1.25% 䋨GPG)
ើ⊒₸䋺sn䋨วᚑ⢈ᢱ䋩䋽0.1䋬 on䋨᦭ᯏ⢈ᢱ䋩䋽0.2 (IPCC guideleine)
GHGE䋽Άᢱ䋫὾ළ䋨CO2એᄖ䋩䋫⢈ᢱ䋫B⃻ሽ㊂
Άᢱ䈎䉌䈱⸘▚
diesel෸䈶gasoline䈱ᶖ⾌㊂䋨l/y䋩䈫䈠䉏䉌䈱ឃ಴ଥᢙ䋨EF䋺kgCO2/l䋩
EF䈲IPCCguideline
䋨ෳ⠨DEF:733.8g/l GEF:615.6g/l䋩
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮㕖ᧁᧄᬀ↢䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂䋨B⃻ሽ㊂䋩
WCO2䋽Wb㬍CF㬍44/12㬍㕙Ⓧ
Ἣ౉䉏࿾ᜥ䈋
Wb䋺ton ੇ㊀/ha
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂䋨Wb)᷹ቯᴺ䈲ᓟㅀ
CO2឵▚䈱N2O⊒↢㊂䋽὇⚛὾ᄬ㊂㬍䋨N/C₸䋩㬍0.007㬍44/28㬍310
CO2឵▚䈱CH4⊒↢㊂䋽὇⚛὾ᄬ㊂㬍0.012㬍16/12㬍21
IPCCⷙቯ⊒↢₸䋺N2O䋽0.007䋬CH4䋽0.012
CO2䈮ኻ䈜䉎᷷ᥦൻ₸䋺N2O䋽310䋬CH4䋽21
ዊⷙᮨA/R CDM䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈪䈲䇮B⃻ሽ㊂䉕䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃ᦼ㑆ਛ৻ቯ䈫⷗䈭
䈚䈩䇮ឃ಴㊂䈫䈜䉎䇯䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈱䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䈲ਇⷐ䇯
⃻ታ⚐GHGๆ෼㊂䋨Actual net GHG removals by sinks䋩
䋨䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈏zero䈱ᤨ䋩
੐೨੍᷹䈱⚐ੱὑ⊛GHGๆ෼㊂
䋨Ex-ante Net anthropogenic GHG removals)
੐೨੍᷹䋺Cact䋽ᐕ㑆CO2ๆ෼㊂䋨䂦Cp䋩䊷ᐕ㑆GHGឃ಴㊂䋨GHGE䋩
䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䋨Leakage䋩
଀䋺
䊶䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃Ⴚ⇇ᄖ䈮䈍䈔䉎⾗᧚ㆇ៝Άᢱ
䊶Ⴚ⇇ᄖΆᢱ↪⮌䈱ណ㓸㊂㸢⃻ታ⚐ๆ෼㊂2-5%䇮
䈖䉏એ਄䈲᫪ᨋഠൻ䉕⸘᷹䇮2%એਅ䈲䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䈭䈚䇯
䊶Ⴚ⇇ᄖ䈻䈱⒖േኅ⇓䈎䉌䈱CH4ឃ಴
੐೨੍᷹䋺Cante䋽Cp䋭Cbsl䋭Ce䋭LK
=ᬀᨋᧁCO2ๆ෼㊂䋭䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮CO2ๆ෼㊂
䋭CO2឵▚GHGឃ಴㊂䋭CO2឵▚䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳㊂
‐䋱㗡䈅䈢䉍80䌾120kg䈱CH4ឃ಴䈏䈅䉎䈫ផቯ
䊶䈠䈱ઁ᫪ᨋબណ䊶㐿ნ╬㸢᧚Ⓧ䈎䉌▚಴
ዊⷙᮨ◲⚛ൻᣇᴺ⺰䈪䈲䇮
䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䈏✚↢↥㊂䋨଀䋺Ⓝ㘃䇮⡺䋩䈱
10䋦એਅ䈱ᤨ䋺䉷䊨䈫⷗䈭䈜
10-50䋦䈱ᤨ䋺ๆ෼㊂䈱15%䈫⷗䈭䈜
50䋦એ਄䈪䈲◲⚛ൻᣇᴺ⺰䈲ណ↪䈪䈐䈭䈇
䈖䉏䈏䊒䊤䉴䈪䈅䉏䈳ㅊടᕈ䈏䈅䉎䇯
䋱䋺䊒
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᨋ࿾䉕⒳㘃ಽ೎䋨㓏ጀൻ䋩
੐ᓟCO䋲ๆ෼㊂▚಴䈱䈢䉄䈱䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫
὇⚛⫾Ⓧ䈮ᓇ㗀䈜䉎࿃ሶ䈮䉋䉎඙ಽ
࿯ფ䋬ᓸ᳇⽎䋬࿾ᒻ䋬೨ᬀ↢䋨೑↪䋩䋬᮸⒳䋬᮸㦂
଀䋺 ࿾ᒻ
᮸⒳
ᬀᩱᐕ䋨᮸㦂䋩
ᐔ࿾
A, B
㽲A:05䋬㽳A:08䋻 㽴B:07+08
௑ᢳ࿾
A, C
㽵A䋺05 㽶C:06䋬 㽷C:08
ㅢᏱ䈱᫪ᨋ▤ℂ䈮ട䈋䈩䋬㑆બ䋬બណ䋬ౣᬀᨋ䈭䈬䈱႐ว
䈮CO2ๆ෼/ឃ಴㊂䉕▚಴䈪䈐䉎⾗ᢱ䉕෼㓸䊶଻▤
᧚Ⓧ/䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂䈱ᄌൻ䈱▚಴ᚻ㗅
䋲䋺㓏
㓏ጀ೎䈱੍஻⺞ᩏ䉕ታᣉ
⺞ᩏ䊒䊨䉾䊃䋺200䌾500m2 䋳▎ᚲ⒟ᐲ
Ფᧁ⺞ᩏ䋨᮸⒳䋬ᧄᢙ䋬DBH䋬ᔅⷐ䈭䉌᮸㜞
ᬀ↢⺞ᩏ䋨ਅ⨲䉕Sink䈫䈚䈢ᤨ4m2⒟ᐲ䋩䋺ᬀⵍ₸䋬ᬀ↢㜞䋬⒳㘃
࿯ფ⺞ᩏ䋨࿯ფ᦭ᯏ䉕Sinkᤨ䊒䊨䉾䊃ౝ䋩䋺᦭ᯏ὇⚛᷹ቯ⾗ᢱណข
࿯ფ⺞ᩏ䋬ᬀ↢⺞ᩏ䈲ⅣႺᓇ㗀⺞ᩏ䈱৻Ⅳ䈫䉅䈭䉎䋿
䋱䋺䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᨋ࿾䉕⒳㘃ಽ೎䋨㓏ጀൻ䋩䈜䉎
䋲䋺㓏ጀ೎䈮㵰䈳䉌䈧䈐㵱⁁ᘒ䉕⍮䉎䈢䉄䈱੍஻⺞ᩏ䉕ታᣉ
䋳䋺㓏ጀ䈱᳿ቯ䈫㓏ጀಽᏓ࿾࿑䈱૞ᚑ
䋴䋺㓏ጀౝ⺞ᩏ࿾䈱ᢙ䈱᳿ቯ
䋵䋺᳗ਭ⺞ᩏ࿾䈱䊤䊮䉻䊛ಽᏓ⸳ቯ
䋶䋺⺞ᩏ࿾ౝ䈱ฦⷐ⚛䋨䊌䊤䊜䊷䉺䊷䋩䈱᷹ቯ
䋷䋺CO䋲ๆ෼㊂䈱▚಴
䋳䋺㓏
㓏ጀ䈱᳿ቯ䈫㓏ጀಽᏓ࿾࿑䈱૞ᚑ
᷹ቯ⚿ᨐ䋬ಽᢔ䈱ᄢዊ䈮䉋䉍䋬㓏ጀൻ䈱ಽഀ䋬ว૬䈅䉍
㓏ጀಽᏓ࿑䈱૞ᚑ
Baseline 䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䈏ᔅⷐ䈭ᤨ䈲䋬䈠䉏䉕ട䈋䉎䇯
― 77 ―
䋴䋺㓏
㓏ጀౝ⺞ᩏ࿾䈱ᢙ䈱᳿ቯ䋨Sample size䋩
䋵䋺᳗ਭ⺞ᩏ࿾䈱䊤䊮䉻䊛㈩⟎
plot 㕙Ⓧ (100)䌾200䌾500䌾(1000) m2
ฦ㓏ጀ䈮♽⛔⊛䊤䊮䉻䊛㈩⟎
⛔⸘⊛䈮᳿ቯ䋬䌴䈱ା㗬඙㑆95%䋬⸵ኈ⺋Ꮕ䋺ᐔဋ୯䈱㫧10%
n=䋨䌴/E)2䊶䌻㺌Wh䊶sh䊶㺕Ch䌽䌻㺌Wh䊶sh䋯㺕Ch䌽䊶䊶䊶䋨䋱䋩
㺌䈲㓏ጀ䈗䈫䈮Ⓧಽ䈜䉎
n: ోplotᢙ
Wh: 䋨Nh䋽ฦ㓏ጀ㕙Ⓧ䋯plot㕙Ⓧ䋩䋯 㺌Nh
Sh: ฦ㓏ጀ䈱ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ
Ch: ฦ㓏ጀ䈱plot᷹ቯ⾌↪
E䋺⸵ኈ⺋Ꮕ 䋨ᐔဋ୯䈱㫧10%䋩
nh䋺ฦ㓏ጀ䈱plotᢙ䋽
n䋪䌻䋨Wh䋪Sh/ 㺕Ch䋩/䋨 㺌Wh䊶sh䋯㺕Ch䋩
䃂
䃂
䃂
䋶䋺⺞ᩏ࿾ౝ䈱ฦⷐ⚛䋨䊌䊤䊜䊷䉺䊷䋩䈱᷹ቯ
↢┙ᧁ䋺ᧄᢙ䋬⢷㜞⋥ᓘ䋬᮸㜞䋨ᔅⷐ䈭䉌䋩
䃂
䃂
䃂
䃂
䃂
ᨗ䉏ᧁ䋬ਅ⨲䉕sink䈮ട䈋䈢ᤨ
ᨗ䉏ᧁ䋺 DBH䇮H䇮ኒᐲ↪䉰䊮䊒䊦
ୟᧁ䋺 plotౝ䈱రᧃ⋥ᓘ䋬㐳䈘䋬ኒᐲ↪䉰䊮䊒䊦
ਅ⨲䋺 ⒳㘃䋬ⵍᐲ䋬ᬀ↢㜞
䊥䉺䊷䈲Ფ᦬⒟ᐲ䈮࿁෼䋬ੇ῎㊀㊂᷹ቯ
䋨ᐕ㑆ಽ⸃₸䉅ᔅⷐ䋨GPG䋽⴫3.2.1䋩䋩
n㻢䋨䋨䌴䊶Cv䋩/E䋩䋲䊶䊶䊶䊶䊶䋨䋲䋩
n: plotᢙ䇮 䌴ಽᏓ୯䋨95%ା㗬඙㑆䋩䇮
C䌶䋺ᄌേଥᢙ䋽ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ䋯ᐔဋ୯䇮 E䋺⸵ኈ⺋Ꮕ₸
ਅ⨲䇮䊥䉺䊷䇮ᨗ䉏ᧁ䈭䈬䈱䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䈱႐ว
䋷䋮 CO䋲ๆ෼㊂䈱▚಴
ਅ⨲䋬䊥䉺䊷䋬࿯ფ὇⚛䉕sink䈮ട䈋䈢ᤨ
ਅ⨲䋺plotౝ䈮1䌾4m2⒟ᐲ䈱sub-plot 䉕⸳⟎
䊥䉺䊷෼㓸↪䊃䊤䉾䊒䋨1m2ౝᄖ䋩䉕
䋳䋬䋴୘/plot䉕ⶄᢙplot䈮㈩⟎
࿯ფ↪䈱plotᢙ䇮䉰䊮䊒䊦ᢙ䈲೎ㅜ
• ೨ㅀ䈱Allometryᑼ䈎䇮᧚Ⓧᑼ䉕೑↪䈚䈩䇮
ฦ㓏ጀ䈱৻ቯᦼ㑆䈱䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴Ⴧട㊂䉕
▚಴䈚䇮ᐕ㑆䈱CO2ๆ෼㊂䈮឵▚䈜䉎
䋨䂦Cp䋩䇯
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱⚐ੱὑ⊛CO2ๆ෼㊂
䋽䂦Cp䋭䂦Cb䋭䂦Ce䋭䂦LK
㻍䌴CER or 䌬CER
ᬀᨋᧁ䇮ᨗ䉏ᧁ
⪭⪲䇮ᨋᐥᬀ‛䇮࿯ფ
20m
1mx1m
ᷓ䶢
ฦጀ䈎䉌
䉰䊮䊒䊥䊮䉫
20m
䊥䉺䊷䊃䊤䉾䊒
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮෸䈶ਅ⨲ᬀ↢
䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴᷹ቯᴺ
ᬀ‛࿾ਅㇱ෸䈶࿯ფ䉰䊮䊒䊥䊮䉫
䋱䋺 Plotౝ䈱ᩮ䉕ជ䉍ข䉍䇮᷹ቯ䈜䉎
䋲䋺࿯ფណข ฦጀ䈎䉌᭴ㅧ䉕უ䈘䈭䈇䉋䈉䈮
౞╴䉕᛼䈚ㄟ䉖䈪࿯ფ䉕ណข䈜䉎
ណขㇱ૏
଀䋺 A,B,Cጀ䉇ᷓ䈘೎䈮ណข
ಽ೎
࿯ფណข౞╴䋨䉴䊁䊮䊧䉴⵾䋩
ha
Plot㕙Ⓧ
100cc 䉁䈢䈲 400cc
ㇱ૏೎䈮৻ㇱ䉕sampling
࿯ფ὇⚛฽㊂෸䈶ኈⓍኒᐲ䉕᳞䉄䉎
฽᦭₸㬍ኈⓍኒᐲ㬍࿯ფ䈱㊂䋺䌴C/ha
ోㇱ૏೎↢㊀㊂᷹ቯ
ห䈛࿯ფဳ䈱ห৻ᨋ࿾䈪ඨᓘ10䌭䈱౞๟ㇱ䈱9plot㑆䈱
὇⚛㊂䈱䈳䉌䈧䈐䋺37䌾92䌴C/ha 䋨䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝䈪䈱଀䋩
ੇ῎䊷䋾ੇ㊀᷹ቯ䊷䋾ੇ㊀₸䊷䋾ㇱ૏೎ోੇ㊀䊷䋾ోੇ㊀㬍㕙Ⓧ₸
䋽䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂ ton䋯ha
― 78 ―
ૐἠᧁ䋫⨲ᧄᷙวᬀ↢䈱὇⚛㊂
䈱◲ᤃផቯ
ᬀᨋᧁ䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䈱᷹ቯᴺ䋨䋱䋩
ᷡ㊁2005
㪇
㪈
㪉
㪊
㪋
㪌
὇⚛㊂䋨C t/ha䋩
㪋㪇
㪊
㪉㪅㪌
㪉
㪈㪅㪌
㪈
㪇㪅㪌
㪇
䋱䋩⺞ᩏplot䈱⸳ቯ
䋲䋩ోᢙ(n)䈱⢷㜞⋥ᓘ䋨DBH䋩䋨ᤨ䈮᮸㜞䋨H䋩䋩䉕᷹ቯ
䋳䋩DBH䈱㗫ᐲಽᏓ࿑䉕૞䉎
䋴䋩⋥ᓘ㓏䈱ዊ䌾ᄢ䈱⹜ᢱᧁ䉕4䌾6ᧄㆬ䈹
䋵䋩⹜ᢱᧁ䈱બୟ㸢ᨑ䇮⪲䇮ᐙ䈮ಽ೎㸢↢㊀㊂᷹ቯ
䋶䋩sampling㸢ੇ῎㸢ੇ㊀㊂䋨䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䋩
䋷䋩allometryᑼ䉕૞䉎
䋸䋩haᒰ䈢䉍䈱䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂䉕᳞䉄䉎
㪊㪇
㪉㪇
㪈㪇
㪇
㪇
㪈
ᐕ㦂䋨A)
㪉
㪊
ᬀ↢㜞䋨H䋩
H䋽0.7709䊶ln(A)+1.649
C䋽1.592䊶e1.1275H
䊍䊣䊄䊥䊋䊅䇮䊤䊮䉺䊅䇮䉟䊈⑼⨲䈭䈬䇯 䉝䊤䊮䉝䊤䊮䈲೎ㅜ䈅䉍
ᬀᨋᧁ䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䈱᷹ቯᴺ䋨䋳䋩
ᬀᨋᧁ䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䈱᷹ቯᴺ䋨䋲䋩
㪏
㪈㪅㪐㪊㪋
㫐㩷㪔㩷㪇㪅㪇㪌㪏㪈㫏
㪉
㪩 㩷㪔㩷㪇㪅㪐㪎㪇㪈
㪎
㪍
㪝㪅㪮㩿㫂㪾㪀
㪌
㪋
㪊
㪉
㪈
㪇
㊀㊂᷹ቯ
㪇
㪌
㪈㪇
㪈㪌
㪛㫀㪸㫄㪼㫋㪼㫉㩿㪺㫄㪀
ಽ೎
ಽ೎
ㇱ૏೎䉰䊮䊒䊥䊮䉫㸢ੇ῎㸢ੇ῎㊀㊂
ᬀᨋᧁ䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䈱᷹ቯᴺ䋨䋴䋩
⚳䉒䉍
⹜ᢱᧁ䈱ోੇ㊀䈫⢷㜞⋥ᓘ䈱䋲ਸ਼䋨D2䋩䉇D2H䈱㑐ଥ䉕
ਔኻᢙ䉫䊤䊐䈮⪭䈜䋨ਅ࿑䋩䇯
ᣇᴺ⺰㐿⊒䈱⋡ᮡ䋺ᱜ⏕ᕈ䋬଻቞⊛䋨Underestimate䋩䋬◲ଢ䈪቟ଔ
Allometry㑐ଥ䋺᮸ᧁ䈱ฦㇱ૏㑆䈮䈲W1䋽a䋪䋨W2䋩b
㺯 logW1䋽a䋫b䋪logW2
Y䋽a䋫bX䈱⋥✢㑐ଥ䈏ᚑ䉍┙䈧䈱䈪䇮
䈖䈱࿁Ꮻ⋥✢䈎䉌ଥᢙa,b䉕᳿ቯ䈜䉎䇯
଀
Stem dryweight y = 0.0239x
⋥ᓘ ੇ㊀
R = 0.9991
1000
5
9
10
20
100
15
70
10
18
100
20
150
1
0.9778
2
Ws(kg)
ᬀ↢㜞
䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝䈪䈱੐଀
100
1000
D2 H(cm2 .m)
䈗㕒⡬䈅䉍䈏䈫䈉䈗䈙䈇䉁䈚䈢
10000
― 79 ―
CDM ੱ᧚⢒ᚑ⎇ୃ 2006
JIFPRO ᫪ ᓼౖ
GPG 㧟┨ߩ default ୯߇ឝタߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⴫
ᧄᢥਛ
Forestland
3.2.1
⪭⪲㊂ߣߘߩᶖᄬᐕᢙ㧔᳇୥Ꮺ೎‫ޔ‬ᄢ㒽೎‫ޔ‬㊎⪲᮸‫ޔ‬ᐢ⪲᮸೎╬㧕
3.2.2
⥄ὼᨗᱫ₸‫ޔ‬ᐔဋᨗᱫᧁ㊂‫ᧁ↢ޔ‬㧛ᨗࠇᧁ₸ߥߤ㧔᳇୥Ꮺ࡮⟲⪭♽㧕
3.2.3
ᵹᄬ᦭ᯏ࿯ფ߆ࠄ CO2 ⊒↢₸
3.2.4
࿯ფ type ೎࿯ფ᦭ᯏ὇⚛㊂㧔ᄤὼᨋߩ 0-30cm㧕
Cropland
3.3.2
ᧁᧄᬀ‛ߩ࿾਄ㇱ biomass ߣ᳗ᐕᕈ૞‛ᩱၭ૕♽ߩ෼ⓠࠨࠗࠢ࡞㧔᳇୥Ꮺ࡮⟲⪭♽㧕
3.3.3
࿯ფ὇⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂㧔⥄ὼᬀ↢‫ޔ‬0-30cm㧕࿯ფဳ࡮᳇୥Ꮺ೎
3.3.4
⠹૞࿾ߩ⇣ߥࠆᩱၭ૕♽೎Ყ὇⚛⫾Ⓧᄌൻଥᢙ㧔20 ᐕએ਄㧕
3.3.5
᦭ᯏ࿯ფ⠹૞ߦࠃࠆᐕ὇⚛ឃ಴㊂㧔᳇୥Ꮺ೎㧕
3.3.7 ⠹࿾ൻߦࠃࠆᷫዋߔࠆ biomass ὇⚛⫾Ⓧ㧔᫪ᨋψ‫⨲ޔ‬࿾ψ㧕
3.3.8 ⠹૞࿾ൻ㧝ᐕᓟߩ biomass ὇⚛⫾Ⓧ
3.3.9 ⠹૞࿾ൻᓟߩ࿯ფ὇⚛ᄌൻଥᢙ
Grassland
3.4.2 ᳇୥Ꮺ೎ߩ⨲ᧄ࿾਄ㇱ biomass㧔ᨗࠇ⨲㒰ߊ㧕෸߮⚐↢↥㊂
3.4.3 ਥߥࠨࡃࡦ࠽㧛ࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߩ root㧛shoot Ყ
3.4.4 ࿯ფ὇⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂㧔⥄ὼᬀ↢‫ޔ‬0-30cm㧕࿯ფဳ࡮᳇୥Ꮺ೎
3.4.5 ⨲࿾▤ℂ೎ߩ὇⚛⫾Ⓧᄌൻଥᢙ
3.4.6 ▤ℂߐࠇߚ⨲࿾࿯ფ߆ࠄߩᐕឃ಴ଥᢙ㧔ton C/ha࡮yr㧕
㧔⨲࿾ൻߒߚ႐วߩ default ୯ 3.4.8㨪3.4.10㧕
Wetland
CO2‫ޔ‬CH4‫ޔ‬N2O ឃ಴޽ࠅ
3.5.2 ឃ᳓Ꮏ੐ᓟߩ᦭ᯏ࿯ფ߆ࠄߩឃ಴ଥᢙߣߘߩ▸࿐
Settlement‫ޔ‬Other land ߪߥߒ‫ ޕ‬
Annex ਛߩ⴫৻ⷩ
㧟A.1.1 ࿖೎᫪ᨋ㕙Ⓧᄌൻ
㧟A.1.2 ⥄ὼౣ↢ᨋߩ࿾਄ㇱ Biomass㧔᳇୥Ꮺ೎‫ޔ‬ᄢ㒽೎‫ޔ‬㊎⪲᮸‫ޔ‬ᐢ⪲᮸೎╬㧕
㧟A.1.3 ੱᎿᨋߩ࿾਄ㇱ Biomass㧔᳇୥Ꮺ࡮⟲⪭♽ߥߤ㧕
㧟A.1.4 ࿖೎ߩᐔဋ᧚Ⓧߣ Biomass
㧟A.1.5 ᄤὼᦝᣂᨋߩᐕᐔဋ biomass ᚑ㐳㊂㧔᳇୥Ꮺ࡮⟲⪭♽ߥߤ㧕
㧟A.1.6 ੱᎿᨋߩᐕᐔဋ biomass ᚑ㐳㊂㧔᳇୥Ꮺ‫ޔࠢ࡯࠴ޔ࠷ࡑޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࡙ޔ‬ᐢ⪲᮸㧕
㧟A.1.7 ੱᎿᨋߩᐕᐔဋ᧚Ⓧᚑ㐳㊂㧔⒳೎‫ޔ‬27 ⒳㧕
㧟A.1.8 ᄤὼᦝᣂᨋߩ࿾਄ㇱੇ㊀‫ޔ‬root-shoot ₸㧔᳇୥Ꮺ࡮⟲⪭♽ߥߤ㧕
1
― 80 ―
CDM ੱ᧚⢒ᚑ⎇ୃ 2006
JIFPRO ᫪ ᓼౖ
㧟A.1.9-1 ੝ኙᏪ‫ޔ‬᷷Ꮺ᮸⒳ߩᐙኈⓍ㊀㧔24 ⒳㧕
㧟A.1.9-2 ᾲᏪᨋ᮸⒳ߩᐙኈⓍ㊀㧔⚂ 600 ⒳㧕
㧟A.1.10 ࡃࠗࠝࡑࠬ᜛ᄢଥᢙ㧔᳇୥Ꮺ࡮⟲⪭♽ߥߤ㧕
㧟A.1.11 બណᓟߩᨋ࿾ᱷ᧚ߩ⣣᧎ଥᢙ㧔᳇୥Ꮺ࡮⟲⪭♽ߥߤ㧕
㧟A.1.12 ᬀ↢⒳㘃ߏߣߩἫἴߦࠃࠆΆ὾ല₸
㧟A.1.13 ᬀ↢⒳㘃೎ߩἫἴߦࠃࠆ὾ᄬࡃࠗࠝࡑࠬ㧔t/ha㧕
㧟A.1.14 Ἣ౉ࠇ࿾ᜥ߃ᤨߩΆ὾ല₸㧔᳇୥Ꮺ࡮⟲⪭♽ߥߤ㧕
㧟A.1.15 ⊝બ࿾ߢߩΆ὾ߣ CH4,CO,N2O,NO㨤ߥߤߩឃ಴₸
㧟A.1.16 ᬀ↢೎Ά὾ᤨฦ⒳ࠟࠬឃ಴㊂㧔g/kg biomass㧕
GPG㧠┨㧟▵ LULUCF Project
ᧄᢥ
Table 4.3.2 㕖 CO2GHG ߩឃ಴޽ࠆ޿ߪๆ෼ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔᵴേ੐଀㧔CH4, N2O㧕
Table 4.3.3 㕖 CO2GHG ߩឃ಴޽ࠆ޿ߪๆ෼ߩផቯߩߚ߼ߩⷙቯ୯߿ data ߩ޽ࠅ߆
Annex 4A.1 ⠹࿾‫⨲’ޔ‬࿾ߩ▤ℂߩ㆑޿ߦࠃࠆ࿯ფ὇⚛ᄌൻࠍផቯߔࠆᣇᴺ
Annex 4A.2 ᮸ᧁߩ࿾਄ㇱ‫ޔ‬࿾ਅㇱࡃࠗࠝࡑࠬផቯ Allometric ᑼ
Table 4.A.1 ᷷Ꮺ෸߮ᾲᏪᐢ⪲᮸‫࠷ࡑޔ‬㘃ߩ࿾਄ㇱ biomass ផቯ Allometric equations
(4 ⒳㘃)
Table 4.A.2 ࡗࠪ㘃ߩࡑ࠷㘃ߩ࿾਄ㇱ biomass ផቯ Allometric equations (㧡᮸⒳)
Table 4.A.3 ᾲᏪ࿾ၞߢࠃߊᬀᨋߐࠇࠆ᮸⒳ߩ࿾਄ㇱ biomass ផቯ Allometric equations
(9 ᮸⒳)
Table 4.A.4 ࿾਄ㇱ biomass ߆ࠄ࿾ਅㇱ biomass ផቯ Allometric equations㧔᳇୥Ꮺ೎㧕
ߘߩઁෳ⠨⾗ᢱ
㧝㧦ᾲᏪᨋߩᚑ㐳࠺࡯࠲㓸㍳㧔ߘߩ㧝㧒㧞㧕 1996 ᐕ ࿖㓙✛ൻផㅴ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
㧞㧦JICA ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ὇⚛࿕ቯ᫪ᨋ⚻༡ታ⸽⺞ᩏ ႎ๔ᦠ
㧟㧦ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇੱ㑆⑼ቇㇱ ᫪Ꮉ⎇ⓥቶ HP http://www.f.waseda.jp/yasu/
㧠㧦᫪ᨋ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ ᫪ᨋๆ෼Ḯ⸘᷹࡮ᵴ↪૕೙ᢛ஻ᒝൻ੐ᬺ⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ
㧔㧞㧕CDM ᬀᨋၮ␆࠺࡯࠲ᢛ஻ ᐔᚑ 15 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ
ઍ⴫⠪ ᫪ᨋᬀ↢㗔ၞ㐳 ᷡ㊁ ཅਯ
ዊⷙᮨ A/R CDM ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ᵴേߢߪ‫ޔ‬
root㧛shoot Ყ߇౉ᚻߢ߈ߥ޿ߣ߈ߪ‫ޔ‬PB(t)=exp(-7747+0.8836㧖lnE(t))㧖0.5
Cairns ࠄ㧔1997㧕߇೑↪ߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬
2
― 81 ―
資料 2 ―（3）国内研修教材 JIFPRO 主任研究員 大角泰夫講師
᷷ቶലᨐ䉧䉴೥ᷫ䈫CDMᬀᨋ
ዊⷙᮨCDMᬀᨋ䈱䊘䉟䊮䊃
࿖ౝភ⟎
1,300ਁtCO2/y
᷷ቶലᨐ䉧䉴䈱೥ᷫ䈫CDMᬀᨋ
AR-CDM䈱㊀ⷐ੐㗄
౒หታᣉ(JI)
ᨒ⚵䉂
ઃዻᦠ㸇࿖
᷹ቯ䊶ಽᨆ䈜䈼䈐㗄⋡
ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM䈱⚂᧤
ዊⷙᮨAR-CDMታᣉ䈱䊘䉟䊮䊃
䉪䊥䊷䊮㐿⊒䊜䉦䊆䉵䊛
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᦼ㑆 䋭
䋳䋰ᐕ䈅䉎䈇䈲䋲䋰ᐕ㬍䋳࿁䉁䈪
• ᬀᨋ䈮䉋䉎ๆ෼ 䋭 䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䈱⊒↢
• ⒳㘃 䋭 ㅢᏱAR-CDM 䈫
ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM
• ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM 䋭 ૐᚲᓧ࿾ၞ␠ળ䈱ෳട
ᦨዋ㕙Ⓧ =
0.05-1.0ha
ᦨዋ᮸౰₸ = 10-30%
ᦨዊᚑᧁ᮸㜞 = 2-5m
ㆡ↪ⷙೣ䉕✭๺
AR-CDM䈱㊀ⷐ੐㗄
ᬀᨋ䈮䉋䉎ੱὑ⊛ๆ෼㊂▚ቯ䈱઀⚵䉂
㕖᫪ᨋ䈱⸽᣿䋭䋱䋹䋸䋹ᧃ or 䋵䋰ᐕએ਄
ㅊടᕈ䈱⸽᣿䋭ㅢᏱ࿯࿾೑↪䈫䈱⋧㆑
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䋭࿯࿾⃻ᴫ䈱ᛠី䈫⛮⛯ᕈ
䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䋭೑↪䈱⃻ᴫ䈫ឃ಴น⢻ᕈ
䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䋭䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃⛽ᜬ⸘↹䊶ႎ๔
࿕ቯ὇⚛㊂䊶᷷ቶലᨐ䉧䉴᷹ቯ䋭ㅘ᣿䈭ᣇᴺ䊶
GPGෳ⠨
• ૐᚲᓧၮḰ䈱್ቯ䋭ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM
• ␠ળ⚻ᷣ䊶ⅣႺᓇ㗀ಽᨆ䋭⽶䈱ᓇ㗀䈱⹏ଔ
•
•
•
•
•
•
䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂
ᬀᨋ࿾⚐ๆ෼
⚐ੱὑ⊛ๆ෼
⚂334ਁtCO2/y
AR-CDM䈱⒳㘃䈫઀⚵䉂
• ╙৻⚂᧤ᦼ㑆(2008-2012)
ᣂⷙㅧᨋ䈫ౣㅧᨋ䈮㒢ቯ
• ᣂⷙㅧᨋ(Afforestation) = 50ᐕએ਄㕖᫪ᨋ
• ౣㅧᨋ(Reforestation)
= 1989ᐕᧃ㕖᫪ᨋ
• ෳട࿖⾗ᩰ
੩ㇺ䊜䉦䊆䉵䊛ᛕಎ࿖
(tCO2/ha)
ᜬ⛯น⢻䈭㐿⊒
㕖ઃዻᦠ㸇࿖
ๆ෼ḮCDM(AR-CDM)䈱⚂᧤
• ᫪ᨋ䈱ቯ⟵
ๆ෼Ḯ೥ᷫ਄㒢୯
䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䈭䈇႐ว
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᦼ㑆(ᐕ)
― 82 ―
㕖᫪ᨋ䈱⸽᣿
ㅊടᕈ䈱⸽᣿
• ᫪ᨋ䈱䉦䊁䉯䊥䊷 䋭 ࿖Ფ䈱ၮḰ䈮ᵈᗧ
• ᣂⷙᬀᨋ䈱䉬䊷䉴 䋭
䉟䊮䉺䊷䊎䊠䊷
䋭ឭ᩺੐ᬺ䈱⋥㕙䈜䉎㓚ኂ䈱⹏ଔ䋭
ᛩ⾗䇮ᛛⴚ䇮ᴺ೙ᐲ䇮䈠䈱ઁ
• Business as usual䈫䈚䈩ᬀᨋ⸘↹䈱᦭ή
ⴡᤊ౮⌀
ⓨਛ౮⌀
౏⊛ᢥᦠ
䉟䊮䉺䊷䊎䊠䊷
䋭ᬀᨋ⸘↹䈱᦭ή䈫ታᣉ䈱น⢻ᕈ⹏ଔ䋭
• AR-CDM䈱ᔅὼᕈ䈱ℂ↱
౏⊛ᢥᦠ䊶౮⌀
• ౣᬀᨋ䈱䉬䊷䉴 䋭
䋱䋹䋸䋹ᐕᧃ䈱⃻࿾⃻ᴫ
䋭ឭ᩺⸘↹䈱೑ὐ䈱ᒝ⺞䈫ቴⷰ⊛⹏ଔ䋭
ㅊടᕈ䉕⸽᣿䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮
•
•
•
CDMℂ੐ળ䈱䇸Tool for the
demonstration & assessment
of additionality䇹䉕ෳᾖ
䉴䊁䉾䊒䈮ᓥ䈇⸃ᨆ
䈜䈪䈮㐿ᆎ䈚䈩䈇䉎䊒䊨䉳䉢
䉪䊃䈲੍஻ክᩏ䈏ᔅⷐ䈪䇮
ฝᰣ䈱䉴䊁䉾䊒䋰䉕ෳᾖ䈜䉎
䋭䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝䈪䈲੍஻ክ
ᩏ䈱䈭䈇䉅䈱䈲CDM䈫䈚䈩
⹺䉄䈭䈇䇯䈚䈢䈏䈦䈩䇮ᦨㄭ
ᆎ䉁䈦䈢䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈪䉅ᬀ
ᩱ೨䈮DNA╬䈱⹺น䈏ᔅ
ⷐ
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䊋䉡䊮䉻䊥䊷
䉴䊁䉾䊒䋰䋺⊓㍳ᣣએ೨䈱䉪䊧䉳䉾
䊃⊒↢䇸䉟䊮䉶䊮䊁䉞䊑䇹䈏䈭䈔䉏
䈳䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃㐿ᆎ䈭䈇䈖䈫䈱౏ᢥ
ᦠ
• 䉴䊁䉾䊒䋱䋺䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䈱ઍ
᩺䈱ี๧
• 䉴䊁䉾䊒䋲䋺CDM䈫䈚䈩ᛩ⾗ಽᨆ
• 䉴䊁䉾䊒䋳䋺䊋䊥䉝䊷(ታᣉ㓚ო)䈱
ಽᨆ
• 䉴䊁䉾䊒䋴䋺ᬺോಽᨆ䈪⃻࿷䈱ᛛ
ⴚ䈱㒢⇇╬䈱ಽᨆ
• 䉴䊁䉾䊒䋵䋺CDM⊓㍳䈱ലᨐ
•
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䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱▸࿐䈲࿾ℂ⊛䈭Ⴚ⇇
䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䈫䈱㑐ଥ䈪⹏ଔ
䊋䊮䊄䊥䊮䉫䋭ᢔ࿷࿾䉕䉁䈫䉄䉌䉏䉎
ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM䈱႐ว䈲⚐ੱὑ⊛὇⚛
࿕ቯ㊂䈮㒢⇇䈅䉍
8,000tCO2/ha䈱೙㒢= 300ha~1,000ha
ᬀᨋ࿾࿕ቯ὇⚛᷹ቯ
᷹ቯ䊶ಽᨆ䈜䈼䈐㗄⋡
㪈㪇㪇㪇
㪪 㫎 㫀㪼 㫋㪼 㫅 㫀㪸
㪧 㪼 㫉㫆 㫅 㪼 㫄 㪸
㪘 㪺 㪸 㪺 㫀㪸
㪚 㪸 㫊 㫊 㫀㪸
㪘 㫑 㪸 㪻 㫀㫉 㪸 㪺 㪿 㫋㪸
㪛 㪸 㫃㪹 㪼 㫉 㪾 㫀㪸
㪫 㪼 㪺 㫋㫆 㫅 㪸
㪈㪇㪇
㪈㪇
㪈㪇
㪈㪇㪇
㪤 㪼 㪸 㫊 㫌 㫉 㪼 㪻 㩷 㪹 㫀㫆 㫄 㪸 㫊 㫊 㩷 㩿 㫂 㪾 㪀
࿯ფ⹜ᢱណขᴺ
• 䋵὇⚛䊒䊷䊦䈱᷹
ቯ
䋭࿾਄ㇱ䇮࿾ਅㇱ䇮
ᨗᱫᧁ䇮⪭⪲䊶⪭
ᨑ䇮࿯ფ὇⚛䋭
• ઁ䈱᷷ቶലᨐ䉧䉴
᷹ቯ
(᫪䈘䉖䈱⻠⟵ෳᾖ)
᷹ቯ䈜䈼䈐㗄⋡
• ᬀᨋ࿾὇⚛࿕ቯ㊂䋭Actual net GHG removal
• 䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮὇⚛࿕ቯ㊂-Baseline net GHG
removal
• 䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳ឃ಴㊂-leakage
• ᷷ቶലᨐ䉧䉴ឃ಴㊂-GHG emission
ಽᨆ䈜䈼䈐㗄⋡
• ␠ળ⚻ᷣᓇ㗀
• ⅣႺᓇ㗀
㪜㫊㫋㫀㫄㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㪹㫀㫆㫄㪸㫊㫊㩷㩿㫂㪾㪀
䋵䋰ᐕ㑆㕖᫪ᨋ䈱⸽᣿
• CDM䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈫䈚䈩ㅊടᕈ䈱᦭ή
0~30cm
― 83 ―
㪈㪇㪇㪇
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮
䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳
• ⹺⸽䈘䉏䈢੐ᬺᵴേ䈏䈭䈇႐ว䈱ๆ෼㊂
• ᮡḰ࿾ታ᷹䈅䉎䈇䈲䊥䊝䊷䊃䉶䊮䉲䊮䉫䈮
䉋䉎䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮
• ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM䈮䈲䇮◲න䈭ᣇᴺ䉕
CDMCOP11䉁䈪䈮㐿⊒੍ቯ
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേႺ⇇ᄖ䈪⊒↢䈜䉎ឃ಴Ḯ䈎䉌䈱
᷷ቶലᨐ䉧䉴ឃ಴䈱Ⴧട
• ᷹ቯน⢻䈎䈧ᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈮⿠࿃䈜䉎䉅䈱
• ଀䈋䈳䋺᡼’࿾䈏⒖േ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉎ኅ⇓䈮䉋䉎
ឃ಴䇮὾䈐⇌䈱⒖േ䈮䉋䉎ឃ಴䇮Άᢱណข䈱ឃ
㒰䈮䉋䉎ᄖㇱ䈪䈱ឃ಴䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈮䉋䉎ੱ䈱
⒖േ䈮઻䈉ᄖㇱ䈪䈱ឃ಴䈭䈬
䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫⸘↹
ⅣႺᓇ㗀䊶␠ળ⚻ᷣᓇ㗀ಽᨆ䈮㑐ㅪ䈜䉎࿖㓙⊛ᨒ⚵䉂
•
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ฦ⒳᷹ቯ㗄⋡䈱᷹ቯ⸘↹䋭䋵ᐕએౝ
䊂䊷䉺෼㓸䊶⸥㍳䊶଻▤ᣇᴺ䈱⏕ቯ䊶⸥タ
࿕ቯ㊂䊶䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䊶䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䊶ឃ಴Ḯ
⸘↹䈱ୃᱜ䈱⸥タ䈫ክᩏ
࿯࿾ᮭ೑䊶὇⚛䊒䊷䊦䈻䈱䉝䉪䉶䉴ᮭ䈱ᄌൻ
䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䊒䊨䉶䉴ຠ⾰଻⸽䈫▤ℂᣇᴺ
⚐ੱὑ⊛ๆ෼㊂⸘▚ᚻ⛯䈐䈫㑐ㅪᣇᴺ䈱ᢥᦠൻ
䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳ૐᷫᵴേ䈫ታᣉ䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱ቯᦼ⊛ክᩏ
EB䈻䈱ႎ๔⟵ോ
• ࿖㓙⊛ᨒ⚵䉂
䈱ਛ䈪䇮․䈮
䇸ᜬ⛯น⢻䈭
᫪ᨋ⚻༡Sustainable
Forest
Management䇹
䈫䈇䈉ℂᔨ䈱䉅
䈫䈪ታᣉ䈜䉎
ᜬ⛯น⢻䈭᫪ᨋ⚻༡䈱ၮḰ
㽲↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ䈱଻ో
㽳᫪ᨋ↢ᘒ♽䈱↢↥ജ䈱⛽ᜬ
㽴᫪ᨋ↢ᘒ♽䈱ஜోᕈ䈫ᵴജ䈱⛽ᜬ
㽵࿯ფ෸䈶᳓⾗Ḯ䈱଻ో䈫⛽ᜬ
㽶࿾⃿⊛὇⚛ᓴⅣ䈻䈱᫪ᨋ䈱ነਈ䈱⛽ᜬ
㽷␠ળ䊆䊷䉵䈮ኻᔕ䈚䈢㐳ᦼ⊛䊶ᄙ㕙⊛䈭
␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛䈭ଢ⋉䈱⛽ᜬ෸䈶Ⴧㅴ
㽸ᜬ⛯น⢻䈭᫪ᨋ⚻༡䈱䈢䉄䈱ᴺ⊛䇮೙ᐲ
⊛䇮⚻ᷣ⊛䈭ᨒ⚵䉂
ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM䈱⚂᧤
• ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM䈱䉰䉟䉵 䋭
ᐔဋ8,000tCO2/year 㺯40,000tCO2/䋵ᐕ㑆
• ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM䈱ᔅ㗇ⷐઙ 䋭
ૐᚲᓧ⠪䊶୘ੱ䈏㐿⊒䈅䉎䈇䈲ታᣉ䊶ෳട
• ㆡ↪ⷙೣ 䋭 ㅢᏱⷙᮨ䈱AR-CDM䉋䉍
✭๺䈘䉏䈢ⷙೣ䉕ㆡ↪
ዊⷙᮨAR-CDMታᣉ䈱䊘䉟䊮䊃
ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM䈱⚂᧤
ౕ૕⊛⸳⸘੐଀䈪໧㗴䈫䈭䈦䈢ὐ
― 84 ―
ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM䈱․ᱶᕈ
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮ᣇᴺ⺰
• No significant changes in carbon stock = Present
carbon stock prior to implementation
• Significant changes = use simplified baseline
methodology developed by Executive Board
• Net anthropogenic GHG removal = Less
than 8 kilotonnes of CO2/year
• Developed or implemented by low-income
communities and individuals as determined
by the host party
• Excess removals not eligible (䋵ᐕ㑆ᐔဋ)
• Modalities & procedures are simplified for
small-scale AR-CDM
• CDMℂ੐ળ䈏ᰴ䈱࿯࿾೑↪䈮◲ଢᴺ㐿⊒
㽲⨲࿾
ᬀᨋ࿾
㽳ㄘ࿾
ᬀᨋ࿾
㽴Ḩ࿾
ᬀᨋ࿾
㽵ዬ૑࿾
ᬀᨋ࿾
䈢䈣䈚࿯ფ䉺䉟䊒䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᦼ㑆䇮᳇୥᧦ઙ䉕㈩ᘦ
䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫ᣇᴺ⺰
䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳
• Demonstrate that Small-scale AR-CDM
doesn’t result in the displacement of
activities or people, or doesn’t trigger
activities outside the project boundary
= leakage estimation not required
• 䈠䉏એᄖ䈱႐ว = ᷹ቯ
• EB䈲᷹ቯ䈱䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮䉕㐿⊒
• 䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈱䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䈲ਇⷐ
• Simplified monitoring methodologies =
EB develops (EB䈱䊖䊷䊛䊕䊷䉳䈪)
• ⚐ੱὑ⊛GHGๆ෼᷹ቯᴺ = EB ᜰ␜
• One or more carbon pools
=
excluded from the estimation of baseline net
GHG and/or actual net GHG removal
␠ળ⚻ᷣಽᨆ䈱㊀ⷐᕈ
␠ળ⚻ᷣಽᨆ䈮䈍䈇䈩ᗐቯ䈘䉏䉎ᬌ⸛㗄⋡
ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM䈮᳞䉄䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎㗄⋡
䋭SBSTA 20䈪଀␜䋭
• ૐᚲᓧ࿾ၞ␠ળ䈫୘ੱ䈱್ቯ
䋭䊖䉴䊃࿖䈮䉋䉎್ቯ䈱䈢䉄䈱⾗ᢱ䉕૞ᚑ
• 䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䈱᦭ή䊶㊂䈱್ቯ
䋭ㄘᬺ೑↪䇮ኅ⇓᡼’䈱ታᘒ෸䈶Άᢱ䈱
೑↪ታᘒ╬䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳್ቯ⾗ᢱ䉕૞ᚑ
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱࿾ၞ␠ળ䈻䈱ᓇ㗀䈱್ቯ
䋭 Ⴚ⇇ᄖ䈻䈱ᓇ㗀䇮೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪䈱⹏ଔ
• ⽶䈱ᓇ㗀੍ᗐ 䋭 䉝䉶䉴䊜䊮䊃䉕ታᣉ
•
Information on:
Local communities,
Indigenous people,
Land tenure,
Local employment,
Food production,
Cultural & religious sites,
Access to fuelwood & other forest
products
• Opinions of stakeholders
ฦ䊖䉴䊃࿖䈮䉧䉟䊄䊤䉟䊮䈅䉎น⢻ᕈ㜞䈇
― 85 ―
ⅣႺᓇ㗀ಽᨆ
ⅣႺᓇ㗀ಽᨆ䈪ᗐቯ䈘䉏䉎㗄⋡
• ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ㑐ㅪ੐㗄
(ฦ䊖䉴䊃࿖䈮ၮḰ䈏䈅䉎น⢻ᕈ)
• ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM䈪᳞䉄䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎੐㗄
㽲Ꮧዋ↢‛෸䈶⛘Ṍෂᗋേᬀ‛䇮㽳ଚ౉ᕈേ
ᬀ‛䇮㽴∛⯻₞ኂ䊥䉴䉪
䈭䈍䇮㽲䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲࿖(࿾ၞ)Ფ䈮䊥䉴䊃ሽ࿷䋭
↢ᕷ⏕⹺䈘䉏䉎䈫࿎㔍䈭⺑᣿ⷐ䇮㽳䈮䈧䈇䈩
IUCN䊥䉴䊃ሽ࿷䋭࿖䈮䉋䈦䈩್ᢿ䈏⇣䈭䉎
䋭↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ䈫⥄ὼ↢ᘒ♽䈻䈱ᓇ㗀䉕ಽᨆ䋭
䈭䈍䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃Ⴚ⇇ᄖ䈱ᓇ㗀䉅ಽᨆ
• 䊥䉴䉪▤ℂ㑐ㅪ੐㗄䈱ಽᨆ䉕฽䉃
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈮䉋䉍䇮䈅䈐䉌䈎䈭⽶䈱ᓇ㗀䈏
੍ᗐ䈘䉏䉎႐ว䈲䉝䉶䉴䊜䊮䊃䉕ታᣉ
• ⥄ὼ↢ᘒ♽㑐ㅪ੐㗄
㽲᳓ⅣႺ䇮㽳࿯ფ㑐ㅪ੐㗄䇮㽴᫪ᨋἫἴ䊥䉴䉪
ౕ૕⊛⸘↹⸳⸘䈮䈍䈔䉎໧㗴ὐ
⸘↹੐଀䈱᭎ⷐ
䋭䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝䈪䈱䋱੐଀䋭
•
•
•
•
•
•
੐଀᭎ⷐ
ኻ⽎࿾᭎ⷐ
䋱䋹䋸䋹ᐕⷐઙ䈱䉪䊥䉝䋭
ᵴേ䊶⚻⾌⸘↹
⥄ὼ᧦ઙ
࿾ၞ␠ળേᘒ
ኻ⽎࿾䈱඙↹
㆏〝✂
࿯࿾೑↪⃻ᴫ
ᬀᩱ䊶଻⢒▤ℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛
੍ቯኻ⽎᮸ᧁ
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട䉮䊚䊠䊆
䊁䉞䊷
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ㆇ༡䉲䉴䊁䊛
• ᬀᩱ࿾䊥䉴䉪▤ℂᴺ
• ⅣႺᓇ㗀ಽᨆ
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝࿖ᄖፉ
ኻ⽎࿾ోၞ㕙Ⓧ䋭700ha
CDM੍ቯ࿾䋭120ha
ኻ⽎CDM䋭ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM
• ⋧ᚻᯏ㑐䋭࿾ၞ䉮䊚䊠䊆䊁䉞䊷
• ᬀᨋ䊶଻⢒⸘↹䋭䋳ᐕ㑆䋫䋱ᐕ㑆=䋴ᐕ㑆
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᦼ㑆䋭䋳䋰ᐕ
⨲࿾䈫ഠൻੑᰴᨋ䈱䊝䉱䉟䉪࿾
CDM੍ቯ࿾᭎ⷐ
• 䉮䊚䊠䊆䊁䉞䊷▤ℂ࿾=૑᳃▤ℂ࿾
• ኻ⽎࿾ోၞ䋭᳓↰䊶⇌࿾䊶⨲࿾䊶ૐ⾰ᨋ䈱
䊝䉱䉟䉪
• CDM੍ቯ࿾䋭⇌࿾䊶⨲࿾䊶ૐ⾰ᨋ
৻ㇱ䈲䉮䊚䊠䊆䊁䉞䊷䈮䉋䈦䈩ᨐ᮸╬ᬀᩱ
• ᐔဋᢳᐲ䋳䋰ᐲ⒟ᐲ䈱ᕆ௑ᢳ࿾
• Ფᐕ਄ㇱ䈪Ἣἴ⊒↢
― 86 ―
૑᳃䈮䉋䉎᳗ᐕ૞‛ᬀᩱ࿾
䋱䋹䋸䋹ᐕⷐઙ䈱䉪䊥䉝䊷
• ⓨਛ౮⌀䈱೑↪䈱น⢻ᕈ
䋭䋱䋹䋸䋹ᐕ䈫⃻࿷䈱౮⌀䋭
• ᧛䈱ᒰᤨ䈱࿯࿾೑↪䈱⸥㍳
䋭ኻ⽎࿾䈱᧛䈱౏ᑼ⸥㍳䋭
• ᫪ᨋዪ䊶࿯࿾▤ℂዪ╬౏ᑼ⸥㍳䈱᦭ή
䋭DNAផᅑ࿾䈎䈬䈉䈎䇮ᨋᬺ⋭䈱౏ᑼ⸥㍳䋭
• ᧛䈱㐳⠧䈱ᗧ⷗⡬ข䈱น⢻ᕈ
㪧㫃㪸㫅㩷㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㩷㪘㪺㫋㫀㫍㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㩷㪙㫌㪻㪾㪼㫋㩷㩷㫆㪽㩷㩷㪝㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㩷㪧㫃㪸㫅㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㩷㪜㫊㫋㪸㪹㫃㫀㫊㪿㫄㪼㫅㫋
㪘㪺㫋㫀㫍㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㪆㪺㫆㫄㫇㫆㫅㪼㫅㫋㪆㫊㫇㪼㫅㪻㫀㫅㪾㩷㫀㫋㪼㫄㫊
㪬㫅㫀㫋㩷㫇㫉㫀㪺㪼㩿㪩㪧㪀
㪭㫆㫃㫌㫄㪼
㪰㪼㪸㫉
㪜㫏㫇㪼㫅㫊㪼
㪈㪃㪇㪇㪇㪩㫇
㪬㪪㩻
㪭㫆㫃㫌㫄㪼
㪰㪼㪸㫉
㪜㫏㫇㪼㫅㫊㪼
㪈㪃㪇㪇㪇㪩㫇
㪬㪪㩻
㪭㫆㫃㫌㫄㪼
㪰㪼㪸㫉
㪜㫏㫇㪼㫅㫊㪼
㪈㪃㪇㪇㪇㪩㫇
㪬㪪㩻
㪭㫆㫃㫌㫄㪼
㪫㫆㫋㪸㫃
㪜㫏㫇㪼
㪈㪃㪇㪇㪇㪩㫇
⥄ὼ᧦ઙ䈱⹏ଔ
㪈㪅㩷㪧㫃㪸㫅㫅㫀㫅㪾
㽲㪪㫌㫉㫍㪼㫐㪃㩷㫄㪸㫇㫇㫀㫅㪾
㽳㪮㪸㪾㪼㫊㩷㫆㪽㩷㫎㫆㫉㫂㪼㫉
㽴㪤㪸㫋㪼㫉㫀㪸㫃㫊
એਅ㕍ሼ䈲⋡⊛䊶⿒ሼ䈲⸃ᨆ㗄⋡
㪉䋮㪤㪸㫋㪼㫉㫀㪸㫃㩷㫇㫌㫉㪺㪿㪸㫊㪼㩷
㽲㪪㪼㪼㪻㫃㫀㫅㪾
䇭㪸㪅㩷㪮㫆㫆㪻㩷㫋㫉㪼㪼
䇭㪹㪅㩷㪤㫌㫃㫋㫀㫇㫌㫉㫇㫆㫊㪼㩷㫋㫉㪼㪼
• ᳓ᢥ䊂䊷䉺䋭᮸ᧁᬀᩱ䉇㑆૞ㆡᦼ䇮Ἣἴ▤ℂ䋭
ㄭற࿾䈱᦬೎㒠᳓㊂䇮ᦨૐ䊶ᦨ㜞᳇᷷䇮Ḩᐲ෸
䈶㒠㔎ᣣᢙ
• ࿾ᒻ䊶࿾⾰䊂䊷䉺䋭ẜ࿷⊛⢈ᴅᐲ䈱ផቯ䋭࿾ᒻ
࿑䇮⴫ጀ࿾⾰࿑
• ࿯ფ䊂䊷䉺䋭⢈ᴅᐲ䈱ផቯ䈫䉣䊨䊷䉳䊢䊮䈱ផ
ቯ䋭࿯ფ࿑䇮࿯ფ䉺䉟䊒
• ㄭ䈇዁᧪䈱࿯࿾೑↪⸘↹䋭ㅊടᕈⷐઙ䈫䈱ᢛ
วᕈ䋭౏ᑼ⸥㍳䈱᦭ή䈫࿯࿾೑↪඙ಽ࿑
㩷㩷㪺㪅㩷㪝㫉㫌㫀㫋㩷㫋㫉㪼㪼
㽳㪦㫋㪿㪼㫉㫊
㪊㪅㩷㪝㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㩷㫇㫃㪸㫅㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㩷㪜㫊㫋㪸㪹㫃㫀㫊㪿㫄㪼㫅㫋
㽲㩷㪧㫃㪸㫅㫋㫀㫅㪾
㩷㩷㩷㪸㪅㩷㪣㪸㫅㪻㩷㫇㫉㪼㫇㪸㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅
㩷㩷㩷㪹㪅㩷㪧㫃㪸㫅㫋㫀㫅㪾
㩷㩷㩷㪺㪅㩷㪪㫌㫇㫇㫃㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋㪸㫉㫐㩷㫇㫃㪸㫅㫋㫀㫅㪾
㩷㩷㩷㪻㪅㩷㪦㫉㪾㪸㫅㫀㪺㩷㪝㪼㫉㫋㫀㫃㫀㫑㪼㫉
㽳㪤㪸㫀㫅㫋㪼㫅㪸㫅㪺㪼
䇭㪸㪅㩷㪤㪸㫀㫅㫋㪼㫅㪸㫅㪺㪼㩷㫆㪽㩷㩷㫇㫃㪸㫅㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪄㩷㪽㫀㫉㫊㫋㩷㫎㪼㪼㪻㫀㫅㪾
䇭㪹㪅㩷㪤㪸㫀㫅㫋㪼㫅㪸㫅㪺㪼㩷㫆㪽㩷㩷㫇㫃㪸㫅㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪄㩷㪉㫅㪻㩷㫎㪼㪼㪻㫀㫅㪾
䇭㪺㪅㩷㪦㫋㪿㪼㫉㫊
㪋㪅㩷㩷㪝㪸㪺㫀㫃㫀㫋㫐㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㫇㫃㪸㫅㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪼㫊㫋㪸㪹㫃㫀㫊㪿㫄㪼㫅㫋
㩷㩷㪸㪅㩷㪝㫀㫉㪼㩷㪹㫉㪼㪸㫂
㩷㩷㪹㪅㩷㪦㫋㪿㪼㫉㫊
㪌㪅㩷㪦㫋㪿㪼㫉㫊
㩷㩷㪸㪅㩷㪪㫀㪾㫅㪹㫆㪸㫉㪻㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫅㪸㫄㪼㩷㫆㪽㩷㪻㫆㫅㫆㫉㫊
㩷㩷㪹㪅㩷㪦㫋㪿㪼㫉㫊
㪍㪅㩷㪤㫀㫊㪺㪼㫃㫃㪸㫅㪼㫆㫌㫊
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪫㫆㫋㪸㫃
ኻ⽎࿾䈱᧛䈱േᘒ
ኻ⽎࿾䈱඙↹
• ੱญേᘒ䈫ㇱ⪭䈱᭴ᚑ䋭␠ળ⚻ᷣ᭴ㅧ䈱⏕⹺
䋭ㆊ෰10ᐕ䈱ੱญផ⒖(น⢻䈪䈅䉏䈳๟࿐䈱᧛
䉅)䇮ㇱ⪭䈱᭴ᚑ䈫ฬ⒓
• ᧛䈱෼౉േᘒ䋭ૐᚲᓧ䈱್ᢿ䇮⾗㊄⊛䊋䊥䉝䊷
䈱್ᢿ䋭᧛䈱෼౉ផ⒖䇮෼౉᭴ᚑ
• ෼౉䈱䉺䉟䊒䋭ૐᚲᓧ䈱್ᢿ䋭ㄘᨋ᳓↥ᬺ䇮⾓
ഭ௛䇮ᵹㅢᬺ
• ୘ੱ䈱෼౉േᘒ䋭ૐᚲᓧ䈱್ᢿ䈫੍ቯ࿾ౝ䈪
䈱ㄘ૞ᬺ䈱น⢻ᕈ䋭᧛䈫੍ቯ࿾ౝ૑᳃䈱ᐔဋ
ኅᣖ෼౉䇮䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝ᐔဋ୯
• ၮᧄ࿑䋭૞ᬺ䊶↳⺧↪䋭1/2,000䈅䉎䈇䈲
1/5,000࿾ᒻ࿑and/or1/50,000࿾ᒻ࿑(౉ᚻ
ਇ⢻䈱႐ว䈲᜛ᄢ࿑૞ᚑ)
• ኻ⽎࿾ోၞ䈱࿾࿑਄䈪䈱඙↹䋭700haో
ၞ䈱૏⟎್ቯ
• CDM੍ቯ࿾䈱࿾࿑਄䈪䈱඙↹䋭ోၞ䈱
ਛ䈱䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃࿾ၞ䈱᣿␜
― 87 ―
ኻ⽎࿾ోၞ䈱㆏〝✂
࿯࿾೑↪⃻ᴫ䋭੍ቯ࿾๟ㄝ
• ో䉲䊷䉵䊮ゞਔㅢⴕน⢻㆏〝䋭䊋䊥䉝䊷್ቯ䇮
ฦ⒳䉝䉪䉶䉴್ቯ䋭4WDน⢻㆏〝䈪ၮᧄ࿑਄
䈮᣿␜
• ੇᦼㅢⴕน⢻㆏〝䋭䊋䊥䉝䊷䇮䉝䉪䉶䉴್ቯ䋭
4WDน⢻㆏〝䈪ၮᧄ࿑਄䈮᣿␜
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᦼ㑆੍ቯ㆏〝䋭੍ቯ࿾䈻䈱䉝䉪䉶䉴
್ቯ䋭ⷙᩰ䇮ၮᧄ࿑਄䈮᣿␜
• ᱠ㆏䋭੍ቯ࿾䈻䈱䉝䉪䉶䉴್ቯ䋭ၮᧄ࿑਄䈮
᣿␜
• ోၞ䈱ㄘ࿾䋭น⢻࿾䈱್ቯ䋭᳓↰䇮⇌࿾䇮ᨐ᮸
࿦╬䈱ၮᧄ࿑䈮඙↹
• ၞౝ䈱౏⊛╬ฦ⒳ၮ㊄䈱ᣢሽㅧᨋ࿾䋭BAU䇮
䊋䉡䊮䉻䊥䊷䈱್ቯ䋭ౝኈ䈱⺑᣿䈫ၮᧄ࿑਄䈱
᣿␜
• ౏⊛ၮ㊄䈮䉋䉎ㅧᨋ੍ቯ࿾䋭BAU䇮䊋䉡䊮䉻
䊥䊷䈱್ቯ䋭ౝኈ䈱⺑᣿䈫ၮᧄ࿑਄䈱᣿␜
• ࿾ၞ૑᳃䈮䉋䉎ᨐ᮸䊶MPTS䉕฽䉃ㅧᨋ੍ቯ䋭
BAU䇮䊋䉡䊮䉻䊥䊷䈱್ቯ䋭ౝኈ䈱⺑᣿䈫ၮᧄ
࿑਄䈱᣿␜
੍ቯ࿾⃻ᴫ
ᬀᩱ䊶଻⢒▤ℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛
• ੍ቯ࿾120haਛ䈱⨲࿾(Ꮧዋᬀ‛:ᓟㅀ)䋭 CDM
ㆡ࿾್ቯ䋭ਥ䈭⨲⒳ 䇮ၮᧄ࿑਄䈮඙↹
• ੍ቯ࿾ౝ䈱ἠᧁ࿾(Ꮧዋᬀ‛:ᓟㅀ)䋭 CDMㆡ
࿾್ቯ䋭㜞ᧁ⒳ᐜ᮸㒰ᄖ 䇮ၮᧄ࿑਄䈮඙↹
• ᄤὼᨋ(Ꮧዋᬀ‛:ᓟㅀ) 䋭CDMㆡ࿾䊶䊋䉡䊮䉻
䊥䊷್ቯ䋭ૐ⾰䊶㜞⾰䈮᜔䉒䉌䈝ਥ䈭⒳䈫ᚑ⢒
⁁ᴫ䉕⸥タ䇮ၮᧄ࿑਄䈮඙↹
• 㒰࿾(Ꮧዋᬀ‛:ᓟㅀ) 䋭 CDMㆡ࿾䊶䊋䉡䊮䉻
䊥䊷್ቯ䋭ፗ䇮ᴡᎹၞ䇮㆏〝╬ၮᧄ࿑਄䈮඙↹
• ᫪ᨋዪ䈎䉌䈱ഥ⸒䊶ᡰេ䋭ᬀᩱ䊶ᵴ⌕䊶▤
ℂല₸ะ਄䋭࿾ၞ૑᳃䈱ᛛⴚ䊧䊔䊦⏕⹺䇮
᫪ᨋዪෳ↹䉕ഥ⸒
• ᛛⴚᡰេ䉫䊦䊷䊒䈱⚿ᚑ䋭䉴䊁䊷䉪䊖䊦
䉻䊷ᗧ⷗⡬ข䋭▤ℂㆇ༡䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱᭴▽䇮
NGO䍂ᄢቇ䇮᫪ᨋ⎇ⓥᚲ䈱ෳ↹䉕ഥ⸒
• ᬀᩱ䊶▤ℂ⸘↹䈱૞ᚑ䋭ᬀᩱ࿾▤ℂ䈱๟
⍮䊶ല₸ะ਄䋭▤ℂ䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦䈱૞ᚑ
੍ቯኻ⽎᮸ᧁ
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട䉮䊚䊠䊆䊁䉞䊷
• ᮸⒳䈫⒳ሶ⿠Ḯ䋭ๆ෼㊂䇮ଚ౉ᕈᬀ‛್ቯ䋭
┙࿾ㆡᕈ䈱੐଀䇮∛ኂ⯻⊒↢⁁ᴫ䇮ᚑ㐳ㅦᐲ੐
଀䈱⺑᣿
• ⧣ᧁ䈱⢒ᚑ䋭ឃ಴䇮ᛛⴚ᳓Ḱ䋭᧛䈪䈱↢↥䈱
᦭ή䇮↢↥น⢻㊂䇮ᛛⴚ⊛໧㗴ὐ
• ᮸⒳೎ᬀᩱഀว䈫ᬀᩱ㑆㓒䋭ๆ෼㊂ផቯ䇮▤
ℂ⾌䈱ૐᷫ䋭㑆૞䈱ዉ౉䇮଻⢒▤ℂᴺ
• ੍ቯኻ⽎᮸ᧁ䈱ᣢሽㅧᨋ࿾䋭ᐕ↢㐳㊂䈱್ቯ
䋭ᚑ㐳⸃ᨆኻ⽎ᧁ䈱៰಴䈫䊥䉴䊃ൻ
• 䉮䊚䊠䊆䊁䉞䊷䈱ฬ⒓䋭⋧ᚻᯏ㑐䋭⧷⺆䈫⃻࿾
⺆
• ⚵❱ᘒ᭽䋭ᗧᔒ᳿ቯ䈱ᵹ䉏䋭⚵❱࿑䉕૞ᚑ
• ⚵❱䈱㐳䈫⽷᡽ᜂᒰ⠪䋭⽿છ䈱ᚲ࿷䈱⏕⹺䋭
⃻࿷䈱᳁ฬ䈫੤ઍ䈱䉲䉴䊁䊛
• ੍▚䈱ᵹ䉏࿑䋭ା㗬น⢻ᕈ䈱⏕⹺䋭ᵹ䉏࿑䈱
૞ᚑ
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട⠪ฬ★䋭䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳⺞ᩏ䋭ฬ★
䈫⚵❱࿑䈱૏⟎䈱૞ᚑ
― 88 ―
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ㆇ༡䉲䉴䊁䊛
ᬀᩱ࿾䊥䉴䉪▤ℂ
• ㆇ༡ᆔຬળ䋭ᗧᔒ᳿ቯ䋭ᡰេᆔຬળ䊜䊮
䊋䊷䉕฽䉂䇮᭴ᚑ䈮䈧䈇䈩૞ᚑ
• CDMㆇ༡䋭PDD૞ᚑ䇮㑆ធᓇ㗀䇮䊝䊆䉺
䊥䊮䉫䋭DNA䈫䈱ᗧᔒ⇹ㅢ䇮␠ળ⚻ᷣ䊶Ⅳ
Ⴚᓇ㗀⺞ᩏ䇮䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䈫ႎ๔ᦠ
• ↢↥‛೑↪▤ℂ䋭䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䇮ᨋ↥‛䋭▤
ℂ೑↪䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱૞ᚑ
• 䊥䉴䉪▤ℂ䉕฽䉃ᬀᩱ࿾▤ℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛䋭䊥
䉴䉪▤ℂ䋭Ἣἴ㒐ᱛ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ឭ᩺䇮▤
ℂ⚵❱䈱⚿ᚑഥ⸒
• ᫪ᨋἫἴ䊶∛ኂ⯻㒐ᱛᛛⴚ䋭䊥䉴䉪▤ℂ
䋭᫪ᨋἫἴ㒐ᱛ䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦䈱૞ᚑ䇮ᄢⷙ
ᮨ∛⯻ኂ䈱⊒↢ኻᔕ䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦䈱૞ᚑ
• ਇᴺબណ㒐ᱛ䉲䉴䊁䊛䋭䊥䉴䉪▤ℂ䋭䊙
䊆䊠䉝䊦䈱૞ᚑ
ⅣႺᓇ㗀䈱ಽᨆ
⸘↹ታᣉ䈮ะ䈔䈩
• Ꮧዋ↢‛䈱䉼䉢䉾䉪䊥䉴䊃䋭ⅣႺᓇ㗀䋭䊥䉴䊃䈱
౉ᚻ䈫⺞ᩏ䇮ᄢቇ䊶᫪ᨋ⎇ⓥᚲ䈻䈱⺞ᩏᆔ⸤
• ࿯ფ଻ో䋭ⅣႺᓇ㗀䋭፣უ࿾䇮ഠൻ࿾䈱ಽᏓ
࿑䈱૞ᚑ䇮ᄢቇ䊶᫪ᨋ⎇ⓥᚲ䈻䈱⺞ᩏᆔ⸤
• ᳓⾗Ḯ䋭ⅣႺᓇ㗀䋭ᵩ᳓ᦼ䊶ᷢ᳓ᦼᵹ㊂ផቯ䇮
᳗ਭᴡᎹ࿑䈱૞ᚑ䇮ᄢቇ䊶᫪ᨋ⎇ⓥᚲ䈻䈱⺞ᩏ
ᆔ⸤
• PIN(᭎ⷐડ↹ᦠ)䈱૞ᚑ䈫DNA(࿖䈱⓹
ญ)䈫䈱ᗧ⷗੤឵
• PDD⺞ᩏ䈫૞ᚑ (DNA䈫䈱౒ㅢ⹺⼂䈱㉯
ᚑ䈏ᔅⷐ)
• ࿖䈮䉋䈦䈩AR-CDMታᣉᣇ㊎䈏⇣䈭䉎੐
䈮ᵈᗧ
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃⸳⸘
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃⸳⸘ᦠ(PDD)
世丬䷷䷦䷮万䶺ᵹ䉏
CDM
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃⸘↹┙᩺
࿖䈮䉋䉎ᛚ⹺
ㆇ༡ᯏ㑐
• 䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䈱ᛒ䈇
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃┙᩺⠪
ઃዻᦠ㸇࿖䈮㒢ቯ䈘 㽲࿖㓙Ꮢ႐䈪ขᒁ䇮
䉏䈝
೥ᷫ䉕ᔅⷐ䈫䈜
䉎ઃዻᦠ㸇࿖䈏
㽲㕖ઃዻᦠ㸇࿖䈏ឭ᩺䈚䇮ታ
ᣉ
⾼౉
㽳㕖ઃዻᦠ㸇࿖䈏ឭ᩺䈚䇮ઃ 㽳౒หታᣉઃዻ
ᦠ㸇࿖䈮⽼ᄁ䊶
ዻᦠ㸇࿖䈫౒หታᣉ
⒖▤䈚䇮ઃዻᦠ
㽴ઃዻᦠ㸇࿖䈏ឭ᩺䈚䇮㕖ઃ
㸇࿖䈱ឃ಴೥
ዻᦠ㸇࿖䈫౒หታᣉ
ᷫ⋡ᮡ䈮ᵴ↪
᦭ലൻ䊶⊓㍳
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃Ⲣ⾗
䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫
ᛩ⾗ኅ
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട⠪
䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫ႎ๔ᦠ
ᬌ⸽䊶⹺⸽
ㆇ༡ᯏ㑐
ᬌ⸽ႎ๔ᦠ䊶⹺⸽ႎ๔ᦠ
CER䈱⊒ⴕ
CDMℂ੐ળ䊶CDM⊓㍳★
― 89 ―
資料 2 ―（4）国内研修教材 森林総合研究所 堀靖人講師
⋡ᰴ
䋱䋮ᨋ㊁ᐡ㸢᫪ᨋ✚⎇ฃ⸤੐ᬺ䈱⚫੺
䋲䋮CDMᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱․ᕈ
䋳䋮CDMᬀᨋ䈱ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱ᛚ⹺䊒䊨䉶䉴
䋴䋮CDMᬀᨋ䈱ᣇᴺ⺰䈱᭴ᚑⷐ⚛
䋵䋮䋱䋸䈱ᣇᴺ⺰ឭ᩺䈱⚿ᨐ䈫․ᓽ
䋶䋮ᛚ⹺䈘䉏䈢ᣇᴺ⺰䋨ARAM0001䋩䈱᭎ⷐ
䋷䋮CDMᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䉕䉄䈓䉎⺖㗴
CDMᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱․ᕈ䈫
A/R CDMᣇᴺ⺰
᫪ᨋ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ
ၳ 㕏ੱ
CDMᬀᨋၮ␆䊂䊷䉺ᢛ஻
੐ᬺౝኈ
㩿㪈㪀㩷ዊⷙᮨⅣႺᬀᨋ䈮䈍䈔䉎὇⚛឵▚ଥᢙ෸䈶䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴ᚑ㐳੍᷹ᚻ
ᴺ䈱㐿⊒
㩿㪉㪀㩷ዊⷙᮨⅣႺᬀᨋ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᬀᨋ੐ᬺ䈱䈢䉄䈱▤ℂᣇᑼ෸䈶䈠䈱䉮䉴䊃
䈱ᬌ⸽
㩿㪊㪀㩷ዊⷙᮨ㪚㪛㪤ᬀᨋ䈱䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃⸳⸘⸘↹ᦠ䈱૞ᚑᜰ㊎䈱૞ᚑ
㩿㪋㪀㩷㪚㪛㪤ᬀᨋ䈱ᛩ⾗䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮䊒䊨䉫䊤䊛䈱㐿⊒䈫੐ᬺᕈ⹏ଔ
㩿㪌㪀㩷㪚㪛㪤ℂ੐ળ䈮ឭ಴䈘䉏䈢ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ಽᨆ
㩿㪍㪀 ੐ᬺታᣉ⠪䉕ኻ⽎䈫䈜䉎⠨䈋ᣇ䈫ᚻ⛯䈐䈱⸃⺑ᦠ䈱૞ᚑ
㩿㪎㪀㩷㪚㪛㪤ᬀᨋ䈮㑐䈜䉎ᖱႎ⊒ା
䋱䋮ᨋ㊁ᐡ㸢᫪ᨋ✚⎇ฃ⸤੐ᬺ䈱⚫੺
䋨⁛䋩᫪ᨋ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ
䋨⽷䋩࿖㓙✛ൻផㅴ䉶䊮䉺䊷
䋨␠䋩ᶏᄖ↥ᬺᬀᨋ䉶䊮䉺䊷䋨౒หᯏ㑐䋩
ᷡ㊁䊒䊧䉷䊮⾗ᢱ䋨05.11.09䋩
CDMᬀᨋ
ዊⷙᮨCDMⅣႺᬀᨋ
䋱 ὇⚛឵▚
ଥᢙ෸䈶䊋䉟
䉥䊙䉴ᚑ㐳੍
᷹ᚻᴺ䈱㐿
⊒
䋲 ᬀᨋ੐ᬺ䈱
䈢䉄䈱▤ℂᣇ
ᑼ෸䈶䉮䉴䊃䈱
ᬌ⸽
⚐ੱὑ
⊛ๆ෼
㊂▚ቯ
䊝䊂䊦
䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴
䊂䊷䉺䊔䊷䉴
㪚㪛㪤ℂ੐ળ䈮ឭ಴䈘䉏䈢ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ಽᨆ
• 䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䇮䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䈱ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ಽᨆ
㵨 䋱䋳䈱ᣇᴺ⺰䈏ឭ಴䈘䉏䇮੹䈱䈫䈖䉐ណᛯ䈭䈚䇯㪘㪩㪄㪮㪞䈱ᦨ⚳⹏ଔႎ
๔䉕ర䈮ઁ䈱ᯏ㑐䈫䈱ㅪ៤䈚䈭䈏䉌ಽᨆ䉕ㅴ䉄䉎䇯䊌䊑䉮䊜䈮⽸₂䇯
㵨 ห䈛䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈏ౣឭ಴䊶ౣ䇱ឭ಴䈘䉏䈩䈍䉍䇮䈠䉏䉌䉕੐଀䈮ᡷᱜ
ὐ䈫䈠䉏䈮ኻ䈜䉎䉮䊜䊮䊃䉕ಽᨆ䈜䉎䇯
㽳ᛩ
ᛩ⾗
䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮
䊝䊂䊦䈫ಽᨆ
• CDMℂ੐ળℂ੐䈻䈱ᖱႎឭଏ
␠ળ
⚻ᷣ⊛
ᓇ㗀
ⅣႺ⊛
ᓇ㗀
ෳᾖ
㵨 㪚㪛㪤ℂ੐ળ㐿௅䈮䈅䉒䈞䇮㪘㪩㪄㪮㪞૞ᚑᢥᦠ䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮ᣣᧄੱℂ੐
䈮䉮䊜䊮䊃䉕ឭ಴䈜䉎䇯
㽷ᖱ
ᖱႎ
⊒ା
• ⸘↹⺖䈱㑐ㅪ੐ᬺ*䈻䈱ᚑᨐឭଏ
COP/MOP1
䉰䉟䊄䉟䊔䊮䊃
㽴ᣇ
ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ಽᨆ
㪁 㪚㪛㪤ᬀᨋੱ᧚⢒ᚑ䋺㪚㪛㪤ᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱᩺ઙ⊒ជ䇮⸘↹┙᩺䇮ታ〣
╬䉕ᜂ䈉⠪䈱⢒ᚑ䉕⋡⊛䈫䈜䉎䇯
ෳᾖ
䋳 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃⸳⸘⸘↹ᦠ䈱
㽲㊀ⷐ㗄⋡⇐ᗧ੐㗄䋩
૞ᚑᜰ㊎䋨㽲
䈠䈱ઁ
ෳᾖ
• ᜂᒰ
㽵CDMᬀᨋ䈱⠨䈋ᣇ
䈫ᚻ⛯䈐䈱⸃⺑ᦠ
– ᫪ᨋ✚⎇䋨⽿છ⠪䋺ၳ䋩䇮JIFPRO
㽶ᨋ㊁ᐡ䊓䊦䊒䊂䉴䉪䈻䈱䊥䊮䉪䉕ᔨ㗡䈮䈍䈇䈢ᚑᨐ䈱㔚ሶൻ
ᷡ㊁䊒䊧䉷䊮⾗ᢱ䋨05.11.09䋩
ᷡ㊁䊒䊧䉷䊮⾗ᢱ䋨05.11.09䋩
― 90 ―
CDMᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈫䈲
• ᫪ᨋ䈏ᚑ㐳䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍䇮 CO2䉕᫪ᨋ䈮ๆ෼䈘䈞
䉎䇯
㸣
• ᡼䈦䈩䈍䈇䈢䉌᫪ᨋ䈮䈭䉌䈭䈇࿯࿾䉕᫪ᨋ䈮䈜䉎䇯
㸣
• 䈬䈱䈒䉌䈇᫪ᨋ䈏CO2䉕ๆ෼䈚䈢䈎䉕᣿⏕䈮䈜䉎䈖
䈫䈏ᔅⷐ䇯
㸣
• ᡼䈦䈩䈍䈇䈢⁁ᘒ䉋䉎CO2ๆ෼㊂䈫᫪ᨋൻ䈮䉋䉎
CO2䈱ๆ෼㊂䈫䈱Ꮕ䋨䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳ಽ䈱CO䋲䉅Ꮕ䈚ᒁ
䈒䋩䈏ๆ෼㊂䇯
䋲䋮CDMᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱․ᕈ
CDMᬀᨋ䈱․ᕈ
ᛒ䈉ኻ⽎䈏䇸᫪ᨋ䇹䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫
CDMᬀᨋ䈱․ᕈ
⥄ὼ䊶␠ળ᧦ઙ䉕⇣䈮䈜䉎ᄙ᭽䈭࿾ၞ䈪ታᣉ䈘䉏䉎䈖䈫
᫪ᨋ䈫䈇䈉↢ᘒ♽
• ᫪ᨋ䈱ᚑ┙䇮ᚑ㐳䈲⥄ὼജ䈮ଐሽ䇯
• ᫪ᨋ䈲࿯࿾೑↪ᣇᴺ䈱৻䈧䈪䈅䉍䇮␠ળ⊛
ሽ࿷䇯
㸢 ࿯࿾䈱ㆡᩰᕈ䇮ㅊടᕈ䈱⸽᣿䇮䊥䊷䉬䊷
䉳䈱᦭ή䊶䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉲䊅䊥䉥䈭䈬䇯
• ⥄ὼ䈱ਛ䈱CO2䊒䊷䊦䈱᷹ቯ䈫੍᷹䇯
㸢 䉮䊮䉰䊋䊁䉞䊑䋨䈵䈎䈋䉄䋩䈭੍᷹䇮ਇ⏕
ታᕈ䈱⹏ଔ䇯
• ᷷Ꮺ࿾ၞ䈱䉋䈉䈮᡼䈦䈩䈍䈇䈩᫪ᨋ䈮䈭䉌䈭
䈇ᖡ᧦ઙ䈱䉅䈫䈪䈱ᬀᨋ
㸢ᬀᨋ䈠䈱䉅䈱䈏䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䇯
• ࿾ၞ䈮䉋䈦䈩ᄙ᭽䈭⥄ὼ䊶␠ળ᧦ઙ䇯
㸢ᄙ᭽䈭࿾ၞ䉕ኻ⽎䈫䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉎ᄙ᭽䈭
CDMᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᣇᴺ⺰䈱น⢻ᕈ䇯
CDMᬀᨋ䈱․ᕈ
䊦䊷䊦䈮䉅䈫䈨䈒ᄙ᭽䈭ᣇᴺ⺰
• CDMᬀᨋ䈱․ᕈ䈎䉌ᄙ᭽䈭ᣇᴺ⺰䈏䈅䉍ᓧ
䉎䇯
• 䈢䈣䈚䇮CDM䈲੩ㇺ⼏ቯᦠ䈱✭๺ភ⟎䈪䈅
䉍䇮䊦䊷䊦䈮ၮ䈨䈇䈢䉅䈱䇯
• CDMᬀᨋ䈱ᣇᴺ⺰䈮䈍䈇䈩৻ቯ䈱౒ㅢ䈱
࿯ୈ䈏ᔅⷐ䇯
• ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱ឭ᩺䈫ᛚ⹺䉕ㅢ䈚䈩䇮CDMᬀᨋ
䈱᥉෸䇯
䋳䋮CDMᬀᨋ䈱ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱
ᛚ⹺䊒䊨䉶䉴
― 91 ―
ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ᗧ⟵
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ᗧ⟵
• ᣇᴺ⺰䈫䈲䇮CDM䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䉕ታᣉ䈜䉎਄
䈪ᔅⷐ䈫䈭䉎䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉲䊅䊥䉥䈱ᬌ⸛䈫
․ቯ䈱ᣇᴺ䇮䊋䉡䊮䉻䊥䊷䈱⸳ቯᣇᴺ䇮ㅊട
ᕈ䈱⸽᣿䇮䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䈱ᣇᴺ䉕␜䈜䉅䈱䇯
• 䈅䉎․ቯ䈱ㆡ↪᧦ઙ䋨Applicability䋩䈱䉅䈫䈮
䈍䈇䈩૶↪น⢻䈪䈅䉎䇯
• 䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ᗧ⟵䈲䇮䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮
䉲䊅䊥䉥䉕․ቯ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱ᣇᴺ䉕␜䈜䈖䈫䈪
䈅䉎䇯
• 䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉲䊅䊥䉥䈫䈲䇮CDMᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢
䉪䊃䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈭䈎䈦䈢႐ว䈮䈬䈉䈪䈅䉎䈎䉕
␜䈜䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯
• CDMᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱ๆ෼㊂䈲䇮䊔䊷䉴䊤
䉟䊮ๆ෼㊂䈫䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ๆ෼㊂䈱Ꮕಽ䈮䉋䉍
᳞䉄䉎䇯
ᣂ䈚䈇ᣇᴺ⺰ឭ᩺䈏ᔅⷐ䈫䈭䉎⢛᥊
ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱ឭ᩺䈎䉌ℂ੐ળ᳿ቯ䉁䈪䈱䊒䊨䉶䉴
䌾䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട⠪䈮䉋䉎ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ㆬᛯ䌾
• CDM䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈲䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃⸳⸘ᦠ䋨䌐䌄䌄䋩䉕૞ᚑ䈜䉎
㓙䈮ᦨ䉅㊀ⷐ䈫䈭䉎䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈍䉋䈶䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䈮㑐䈜䉎
⠨䈋ᣇ䉕੐೨䈮ᢛℂ䈚䈩䈍䈒䈖䈫䈏㊀ⷐ䈪䈅䉍䇮CDMℂ੐ળ
䈮䉋䈦䈩ᛚ⹺䈘䉏䈢䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈍䉋䈶䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䈮㑐䈜䉎
ᣇᴺ⺰䉕↪䈇䉎ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䉎䇯
A/R䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䈱᦭ലൻ䊶⊓㍳䉕ᦸ䉃
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട⠪䈲䇮
• 䈜䈪䈮CDMℂ੐ળ䈮ᛚ⹺䈘䉏䈢ᣇᴺ⺰䉕૶
↪䈜䉎䇯
• ᣢ䈮ᛚ⹺䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎ᣇᴺ⺰䉕↪䈇䉎䈖䈫䈏಴᧪䈭䈇႐ว䇮੐
ᬺታᣉ⠪䈏⹺⸽ᯏ㑐䉕ㅢ䈚䈩ᣂ䈚䈇ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ឭ᩺䉕ⴕ䈇䇮
ᣇᴺ⺰䊌䊈䊦䋨AR䊪䊷䉨䊮䉫䉫䊦䊷䊒䋩䈮䉋䉎෩ኒ䈭ክᩏ䉕
䈻䈩䇮ᒰ⹥ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈏CDMℂ੐ળ䈮䈍䈇䈩ᛚ⹺䈘䉏䉎䈫䈇
䈉䊒䊨䉶䉴䉕⚻䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍䇮⥄䉌ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䉕૞䉍಴䈘䈭䈒䈩
䈲䈭䉌䈭䈇䈖䈫䈫䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯
• ᣂA/Rᣇᴺ⺰䉕CDMℂ੐ળ䈮ឭ᩺䈚䇮ክᩏ䇮
ᛚ⹺䈘䉏䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇䇯
ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱ឭ᩺䈎䉌ℂ੐ળ᳿ቯ䉁䈪䈱䊒䊨䉶䉴
䌾ᣂA/Rᣇᴺ⺰䉕CDMℂ੐ળ䈮ឭ᩺䈜䉎႐ว䌾
CDM䈱㑐ㅪ⚵❱
•
•
•
CDM䈲CDMℂ੐ળ䈫ᜰቯㆇ༡ᯏ㑐䋨DOE䋩䈮䉋䈦䈩ㅴ䉄䉌䉏䉎䇯
CDMℂ੐ળ䈲CDM䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱ታ⾰⊛䈭▤ℂ䊶⋙〈ᯏ㑐䈪䈅䉍䇮䊔䊷
䉴䊤䉟䊮䈱⸳ቯ䇮ឃ಴㊂䈱䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃Ⴚ⇇⸳ቯ䈭䈬䈮㑐䈜
䉎ᣂ䈚䈇ᚻᴺ䈱ᛚ⹺䉇DOE䈱⹺ቯ䊶ขᶖ䇮CDM⊓㍳★䈱㐿⊒䊶ᢛ஻䇮
CDM䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱ᱜᑼ⊓㍳䇮ឃ಴೥ᷫ㊂䋨CER䋩䈱⊒ⴕ䈭䈬ⴕ䈉䇯
DOE䈲CDM䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱ታോ਄䈱ክᩏᯏ㑐䈪䈅䉎䇯
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട⠪䈲䇮ᣂA/Rᣇᴺ⺰䉕DOE
䋨ᜰቯㆇ༡ᯏ㑐䋩䉕ㅢ䈛䈩ឭ᩺䈚䇮A/R CDM
䈱䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃⸳⸘ᦠ䋨CDM-AR-PDD䇮
CDM-AR-NM䋩䉕ឭ಴䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇䇯
• DOE䈲䇮ᦠ㘃䋨CDM-AR-PDD䊄䊤䊐䊃䈫
CDM-AR-NM䇮㑐ㅪ䈜䉎ઃዻᢥᦠ䋩䈏ቢᚑ䈘
䉏䈩䈇䉎䈖䈫䉕䉼䉢䉾䉪䈚䇮CDMℂ੐ળ䈮ㅍ
ઃ䈜䉎䇯
COP/MOP
CDMℂ੐ળ
Methodology
Panel
Accreditation
Panel
SBSTA
Afforestation and
Reforestation
Working Group
SBI
Small-Scale
CDM
Project Group
Assessment
Team
CDMℂ੐ળ䉕ਛᔃ䈫䈚䈢⚵❱࿑
಴ᚲ䋩ዊᨋ♿ਯ(2005)䇺࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ䈫᫪ᨋ䊎䉳䊈䉴䋨╙ਃ 䋩䇻ᣣᧄᨋᬺ⺞ᩏળ
― 92 ―
ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱ឭ᩺䈎䉌ℂ੐ળ᳿ቯ䉁䈪䈱䊒䊨䉶䉴
䌾ℂ੐ળ䈮䉋䉎ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱䊧䊎䊠䊷䌾
ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱ឭ᩺䈎䉌ℂ੐ળ᳿ቯ䉁䈪䈱䊒䊨䉶䉴
䌾ℂ੐ળ䈮䉋䉎ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱ᛚ⹺䌾
• CDM੐ോዪ䈲ᦠ㘃䈏ቢో䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䉕⏕⹺䈚䈢ᓟ䇮
CDMℂ੐ળ䈫ARWG䋨䊪䊷䉨䊮䉫䉫䊦䊷䊒䋩䈮ᦠ㘃䉕
ㅍઃ䈜䉎䋨ℂ੐ળ䈻䈱વ㆐䈱ᣣઃ䈲ℂ੐ળ䈏⊒ⴕ䈜䉎ᣂ
A/Rᣇᴺ⺰ឭ᩺䈱ฃℂ䈱ᣣઃ䈫䈜䉎䋩䇯
• ℂ੐ળ䈲ㄦㅦ䈮䇮น⢻䈪䈅䉏䈳ᰴ䈱ℂ੐ળ䉁䈪䇮
䈅䉎䈇䈲ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱ฃℂᣣ䈎䉌䋴䊱᦬એౝ䈮䇮
CDM A/R䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃M&P䈮Ḱ䈛䈩䇮ឭ᩺䈘䉏䈢ᣂ
ᣇᴺ⺰䈱䊧䊎䊠䊷䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇䇯
• ᣂ䈚䈇ᣇᴺ⺰䈲䇮ℂ੐ળ䈮䉋䉍৻ᐲᛚ⹺䈘䉏䉏䈳䇮
䈠䉏䈲৻⥸⊛䈮೑↪น⢻䈭ᛚ⹺䈘䉏䈢ᣇᴺ⺰䈫䈭
䉎䇯
• DOE䈲䇮ឭ᩺䈘䉏䈢CDM A/R䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱᦭ലൻ
䈱䊒䊨䉶䉴䈮ㅴ䉂䇮⊓㍳䈱䈢䉄䈱PDD䉕ឭ಴䈜䉎
䈖䈫䈮䈭䉎䇯
• ੐ ോ ዪ 䈲 ឭ ᩺ 䈘 䉏 䈢 ᣂ A/R ᣇ ᴺ ⺰ 䉕 UNFCCC
CDM web site਄䈪৻⥸䈮౏㐿䈚䇮䊌䊑䊥䉾䉪䉮䊜䊮
䊃䉕ฃ䈔ઃ䈔䉎䇯
• 䊌䊑䊥䉾䉪䉮䊜䊮䊃䇮ኾ㐷ኅ䈱䊧䊎䊠䊷䉕ฃ䈔ARWG
䈪ክ⼏䈚䇮ℂ੐ળ䈮൘๔䇯ℂ੐ળ䈪ክ⼏䈚䇮᳿ቯ䇯
࿯࿾䈱ㆡᩰᕈ
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട⠪䈲䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃Ⴚ⇇ౝ䈱
࿯࿾䈏CDMᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䈫䈚䈩ㆡᩰ
ᕈ䈏䈅䉎䈫䈇䈉⸽᜚䉕ឭ␜䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭
䈇䇯
• 㽲䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃㐿ᆎᤨ䈮䈍䈇䈩䇮䈠䈱࿯࿾䈏
᫪ᨋ䈪䈭䈇䈖䈫
• 㽳䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䈏ౣᬀᨋ䇮ᣂⷙᬀᨋᵴേ
䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫
䋴䋮CDMᬀᨋ䈱ᣇᴺ⺰䈱
᭴ᚑⷐ⚛
࿯࿾䈱ㆡᩰᕈ
࿯࿾䈱ㆡᩰᕈ
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃㐿ᆎᤨ䈮䈍䈇䈩䇮䈠䈱࿯࿾䈏
᫪ᨋ䈪䈭䈇䈖䈫䈱⸽᣿
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䈏ౣᬀᨋ䇮ᣂⷙᬀᨋᵴേ䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䈱⸽᣿
• 䋨a䋩䈠䈱࿯࿾䈏䇮Decision11/CP.7䈫19/CP.9䈮䉅䈫
䈨䈒࿖䈱᫪ᨋ䈱㑣୯䋨᮸౰₸䇮᮸㜞䇮ᦨዊ㕙Ⓧ䋩䉋䉍
䉅ዊ䈘䈇䈖䈫䇯
• 䋨b䋩䈠䈱࿯࿾䈲બណ䈭䈬䈱ੱὑ੺౉䈅䉎䈇䈲⥄ὼ
ἴኂ䈪৻ᤨ⊛䈮⫾Ⓧ䈏䈭䈇⁁ᘒ䈮䈭䈦䈢䈱䈪䈲䈭
䈇䈖䈫䇯䉁䈢䈲䇮䈠䈱࿯࿾䈲࿖䈱㑣୯䈪䈅䉎᮸౰
₸䊶᮸㜞䈮㆐䈚䈢ᬀ↢䈮䉋䈦䈩ⷒ䉒䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇䈖䈫䇮
䈎䈧䇮ੱὑ䈮䉋䉌䈭䈇䈪᫪ᨋ࿁ᓳ䈜䉎น⢻ᕈ䈱䈅䉎
ᬀ↢䈮ⷒ䉒䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇䈖䈫䇯
䋨a䋩ౣᬀᨋ
• 1989ᐕ12᦬31ᣣ䈮䈠䈱࿯࿾䈏䇮Decision 11/CP.7䈫
19/CP.9䈮䉅䈫䈨䈒࿖䈱᫪ᨋ䈱㑣୯䋨᮸౰₸䇮᮸㜞䇮ᦨዊ㕙
Ⓧ䋩䉋䉍䉅ዊ䈘䈇䈖䈫䇯
• 䈠䈱࿯࿾䈲બណ䈭䈬䈱ੱὑ੺౉䈅䉎䈇䈲⥄ὼἴኂ䈪৻ᤨ
⊛䈮⫾Ⓧ䈏䈭䈇⁁ᘒ䈮䈭䈦䈢䈱䈪䈲䈭䈇䈖䈫䇯䉁䈢䈲䇮䈠䈱
࿯࿾䈲࿖䈱㑣୯䈪䈅䉎᮸౰₸䊶᮸㜞䈮㆐䈚䈢ᬀ↢䈮䉋䈦䈩
ⷒ䉒䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇䈖䈫䇮䈎䈧䇮ੱὑ䈮䉋䉌䈭䈇䈪᫪ᨋ࿁ᓳ䈜䉎
น⢻ᕈ䈱䈅䉎ᬀ↢䈮ⷒ䉒䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇䈖䈫䇯
䋨b䋩ᣂⷙᬀᨋ
• 䈠䈱࿯࿾䈏ᦨૐ50ᐕ㑆䈱㑆䇮Decision 11/CP.7䈫19/CP.9
䈮䉅䈫䈨䈒࿖䈱᫪ᨋ䈱㑣୯䋨᮸౰₸䇮᮸㜞䇮ᦨዊ㕙Ⓧ䋩䉋䉍䉅
ዊ䈘䈇䈖䈫䇯
― 93 ―
࿯࿾䈱ㆡᩰᕈ
⸽᣿䈱䈢䉄䈱ታ⸽น⢻䈭⸽᜚䈱ឭ಴
ㅊടᕈ䈱⸽᣿
• 䋨a䋩࿯࿾䈱ෳᾖ䊂䊷䉺䈪⵬ቢ䈘䉏䈢⥶ⓨ౮⌀
䈅䉎䈇䈲ⴡᤊ↹௝
• 䋨b䋩࿯࿾⺞ᩏ䋨࿯࿾૶↪⸵น䇮࿯࿾೑↪⸘↹䇮
࿾☋࿑䇮ᚲ᦭⠪⊓㍳䇮࿯࿾೑↪䊶▤ℂ⊓㍳䈭
䈬䋩
• 䋨c䋩਄⸥䋨a䋩䈫䋨b䋩䈏౉ᚻਇน⢻䇮ㆡ↪ਇ⢻
䈱႐ว䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട⠪䈲䇮ෳടဳㄘ᧛
⺞ᩏᴺ䈮ᓥ䈦䈩૞ᚑ䈚䈢ᦠ㕙䈮䉋䉎⸽⸒䉕ឭ
಴䈜䉎䇯
• ㅊടᕈ䋨additionality䋩䈫䈲䇮ㅢᏱ䈱੐ᬺ
䋨business as usual䋩䈪䈲䈭䈇䈖䈫䇯CDMᬀ
ᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈲䇮ㅢᏱ䈱੐ᬺ䈪䈭䈇䈖䈫䈏⹺
䉄䉌䉏䈭䈇䈫ᚑ┙䈚䈭䈇䇯
• ARᣇᴺ⺰䈪䈲䇮Tool for the demonstration
and assessment of additionality in A/R
CDM project activities (EB21Annex16)䈮
䉋䈦䈩⸽᣿䇯
ㅊടᕈ䈱⸽᣿䈱䉴䊁䉾䊒
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉲䊅䊥䉥
• 䉴䊁䉾䊒䋰 䋨AR䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䈱࿕᦭䈱ᕈ
⾰䈮䉅䈫䈨䈒੍஻ክᩏ䋩㸢࿯࿾䈱ㆡᩰᕈ䈱⸽
᣿䈪ਇⷐ䈫䈭䈦䈢䋨EB22䋩䇯
• 䉴䊁䉾䊒䋱 䋨⃻࿷䈱ᴺᓞ䊶ⷙೣ䈮⍦⋫䈚䈭䈇
AR䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䈱ઍ᩺䈱․ቯ䋩
• 䉴䊁䉾䊒䋲 䋨ᛩ⾗ಽᨆ䋩
• 䉴䊁䉾䊒䋳 䋨䊋䊥䉝ಽᨆ䋩
• 䉴䊁䉾䊒䋴 䋨CDM⊓㍳䈱ᓇ㗀䋩
• CDMᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䈱䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉲䊅䊥䉥
䈲䇮䈠䈱ᵴേ䈏䈭䈎䈦䈢႐ว䈮⿠䈖䉍䈉䉎䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪
䊃Ⴚ⇇ౝ䈱䉦䊷䊗䊮䊒䊷䊦䈱὇⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ䉕
ㆡಾ䈮⴫⃻䈜䉎䉲䊅䊥䉥䇯
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേએ೨䈱⁁ᴫ䈮䈧䈇䈩᭽䇱䈭䊔䊷䉴
䊤䉟䊮䉲䊅䊥䉥䉕౉ᔨ䈮૞䉍਄䈕䉎䇯
• ᭽䇱䈭౉ᔨ䈭䉲䊅䊥䉥䉕૞䉎䈢䉄䈮䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳ
ട⠪䈲䇮ℂ੐ળ䈮䉋䈦䈩಴䈘䉏䈢㑐ㅪ䈜䉎䉧䉟䉻䊮
䉴䉕⠨ᘦ䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇䇯䈜䈭䉒䈤䇮࿖䋯㑐ㅪ
ㇱ㐷䈱᡽╷䈫⁁ᴫ䇮ᛛⴚ䈱ㅴ᝞⁁ᴫ䇮ㆊ෰䈱࿯࿾
೑↪䈫ᄌൻ䇮ᛩ⾗㓚ო䈭䈬䇯
䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳
EB22䈮䈍䈔䉎᳿ቯ੐㗄
• 䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䈫䈲䇮CDMᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱ታᣉ䈮䉋䈦
䈩䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃Ⴚ⇇ᄖ䈪⿠䈖䉎CO2ឃ಴䈱䈖䈫䉕䈇䈉䇯
• ଀䈋䈳䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃Ⴚ⇇ౝ䈪૑᳃䈏὾䈐⇌䉕ⴕ䈦
䈩䈇䈢䈏䇮ᬀᨋ䈮䉋䉍䈠䉏䈏䈪䈐䈭䈒䈭䉍䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪
䊃Ⴚ⇇ᄖ䈮⒖േ䈚䈩὾䈐⇌䉕ⴕ䈭䈇䇮CO2䉕⊒↢䈘
䈞䈩䈚䉁䈉䇯
• 䈖䈱䉋䈉䈭䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䈱⊒↢䉕੐೨䈮੍᷹䈅䉎䈇䈲
ᦨዊ㒢䈮ᛥ䈋䉎䈢䉄䈮␠ળ⚻ᷣ⺞ᩏ䈲ਇนᰳ䈪䈅
䉎䇯
• 䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮ᣇᴺ⺰䋨NMB䋩䈫䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫ᣇ
ᴺ⺰䋨NMM䋩䈱⛔วൻ
• AR-CDM䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈮䈍䈔䉎࿯࿾䈱ㆡᩰᕈ
䈱⸽᣿ᣇᴺ䈱ᛚ⹺
• ዊⷙᮨAR-CDM䈱◲⚛ൻ䈘䉏䈢ᣇᴺ⺰
• t/l-CER䈱Ḱๆ෼㊂䈱ቯ㊂ൻ
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ታᣉ೨䈱CO2એᄖ䈱GHGឃ಴
⸘▚
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␠ળ⚻ᷣ⺞ᩏ䈱ᔅⷐᕈ
␠ળ䊶⚻ᷣ⺞ᩏ䈱ᚻᴺ
• RRA
Rapid Rural Apraisal
䋨◲ᤃㄘ᧛⺞ᩏᴺ䋩
• ਅ⸥䈱ὐ䉕᣿䉌䈎䈮䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮ਇนᰳ䈫䈭䉎䇯
•
•
•
•
࿯࿾䈱ㆡᩰᕈ
ㅊടᕈ䈱⸽᣿
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉲䊅䊥䉥䈱᳿ቯ
䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳
• PRA
Participatory Rural Apraisal
䋨ෳടဳㄘ᧛⺞ᩏᴺ䋩
RRA䋨◲ᤃㄘ᧛⺞ᩏᴺ䋩
PRA䋨ෳടဳㄘ᧛⺞ᩏᴺ䋩
• 㐳ᦼ⊛䈮⺞ᩏ䈱ኻ⽎࿾ၞ䈮ṛ࿷䈚䇮࿾ၞ૑
᳃䈱ା㗬䉕ᓧ䈩䇮ኻ⽎࿾ၞ䈱ᖱႎ䉕᛽಴䈜
䉎ㄘ᧛⺞ᩏ䈱ᚻᴺ䇯ၮᧄ⊛䈭⾰໧੐㗄䉕↪
ᗧ䈚䇮⹤䉕⡞䈐಴䈜ਛ䈪㊀ⷐ䈫ᕁ䉒䉏䉎ὐ䉕
䊔䊷䉴䈮䈚䈩ᰴ䇱䈫㑐ㅪ੐㗄䈱⺞ᩏ䈻䈫⊒ዷ
䈘䈞䉎䇯
• RRA䈲ၮᧄ⊛䈮េഥ䈜䉎஥䈏ᖱႎ䉕ᓧ䉎䈢
䉄䈱⺞ᩏᚻᴺ䈫䈇䉒䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯
• RRA䉕䈘䉌䈮⊒ዷ䈘䈞䈢䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯
• RRA䈪䈲᧛⪭␠ળ䈱ో૕௝䈱ᛠី䉕㊀ⷞ䈚䇮䈠䈱
⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐ䈠䈱䉅䈱䈮㊀䈐䉕⟎䈒䈱䈮ኻ䈚䈩䇮PRA䈪
䈲૑᳃䈱໧㗴ᗧ⼂䉇䊆䊷䉵䈮⌕⋡䈚䇮䊐䉜䉲䊥䊁䊷
䉺䊷䈱ജ䉕୫䉍䈭䈏䉌䇮૑᳃䈏⥄䉌࿾ၞ䈱⃻⁁䈫໧
㗴ὐ䉕⹺⼂䈚䇮⥄ಽ㆐䈪⸃᳿ᣇᴺ䉕ᮨ⚝䈚䈩䈇䈒䈠
䈱䊒䊨䉶䉴䉕㊀ⷞ䈜䉎䇯
• ⺞ᩏ䈱⚿ᨐ䉋䉍䉅⺞ᩏ䈱䊒䊨䉶䉴䇮⺞ᩏ䉕ㅢ䈚䈩䈱
ᢎ⢒ലᨐ䈏㊀ⷞ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯
␠ળ⚻ᷣ⺞ᩏ䈮䈍䈔䉎ౕ૕⊛䈭ᣇᴺ
䋨䋱䋩
␠ળ⚻ᷣ⺞ᩏ䈮䈍䈔䉎ౕ૕⊛䈭ᣇᴺ
䋨䋲䋩
• ੑᰴ⾗ᢱ䋺ㆊ෰䈱䊐䉜䉟䊦䇮ႎ๔ᦠ䇮࿾࿑䇮⥶ⓨ౮⌀䇮ⴡᤊ↹
௝䇮⸥੐䇮ᦠ☋䈭䈬䉕૶↪䈚䈩䇮ೋᦼᲑ㓏䈮䈬䈖䈪䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃
䉕ታᣉ䈜䉎䈎䉕᳿䉄䈢䉍䇮䉁䈢䈬䈖䈮ℂ⸃䈱䉩䊞䉾䊒䉇⍦⋫䈏
䈅䉎䈎䉕ᛠី䈚䈢䉍䈜䉎䇯
• ␠ળ⊛䈭䉅䈱䉇⾗Ḯ䈱࿾࿑䋺⃻࿾䈱ੱ䇱䈏ਥ૕䈫䈭䉍䇮䉼䊢䊷
䉪䇮᫔ಾ䉏䇮⒳䇮☳䇮䊕䊮䈭䈬䉕↪䈇䈩䇮࿾㕙䉇ᐥ䉇⚕䈮࿾࿑䉇
⛗䉕ឬ䈇䈢䉍⦡䉕Ⴃ䈦䈢䉍䈚䈩૞ᚑ䈜䉎䇯␠ળ⊛䇮଻ஜⴡ↢⊛䇮
ੱญ⛔⸘ቇ⊛䈭࿾࿑䇮᧛䈱࿯࿾䉇᫪ᨋ䈱⾗ḮಽᏓ࿑䇮↰⇌䇮
ㄘ࿦䇮ኅᐸ⩿࿦䈱࿾࿑䇮․ቯ䈱䊁䊷䊙䉇䊃䊏䉾䉪䈮ᴪ䈦䈢࿾࿑䇮
䉰䊷䊎䉴䉇ᯏળ䉕⴫䈜࿾࿑䈭䈬䇯
• 㑐ㅪઃ䈔࿑䋺࿑⴫䉕↪䈇䈩䇮ේ࿃䈫⚿ᨐ䇮䊙䊷䉬䊁䉞䊮䉫䈱ᵹ
䉏䇮ㄘ႐䈮䈍䈔䉎ᩕ㙃ಽ䈱ᵹ䉏䇮ᄖㇱ䈎䉌䈱੺౉䉇ᵹⴕ䈱෸
䈿䈜ᓇ㗀䈭䈬䈱ಽᨆ䉇෼౉䈫ᡰ಴䉕␜䈜䇯
• ቄ▵䉦䊧䊮䉻䊷䋺ቄ▵䈗䈫䈮䈅䉎䈇䈲᦬䈗䈫䈮㔎䈱
ᣣ䈱ಽᏓ䇮ㄘ૞‛䈱ᩱၭ๟ᦼ䇮ᅚᕈ䇮↵ᕈ䇮ሶ䈬
䉅䈠䉏䈡䉏䈱઀੐㊂䇮㘩੐䈫㘩‛ᶖ⾌㊂䇮∛᳇䇮
ଔᩰ䇮෼౉䇮ᡰ಴䈭䈬䉕␜䈚䈢䉅䈱䇯
• ৻ᣣ䈱ᤨ㑆೑↪ಽᨆ䋺ቄ▵䉦䊧䊮䉻䊷䉕৻ᣣන૏
䈪ಽᨆ䈚䈢䉅䈱䇯
• 䊃䊤䊮䉶䉪䊃䉡䉤䊷䉪䋺࿾ర䈱ੱ䉕䉧䉟䊄䈫䈚䇮ಽᨆ
⠪䈏䈠䈱࿾ၞ䉕৻ቯ䈱ⷙೣ䈮䈱䈦䈫䈦䈩ᱠ䈐䇮䈠
䈖䈪ⷰኤ䈚䇮⾰໧䈚䇮⹤䉕⡞䈐䇮⼏⺰䈚䇮໧㗴䇮⸃
᳿╷䇮䈠䈚䈩ᯏળ䉕⷗಴䈜䇯䈠䈱㓙䇮ฦ඙ၞ䇮⾗
Ḯ䇮䈠䈱ઁ⊒⷗䈚䈢䈖䈫䉕࿾࿑䉇࿑⴫䉕૶䈦䈩ᦠ
䈐ㄟ䉃䇯
― 95 ―
␠ળ⚻ᷣ⺞ᩏ䈮䈍䈔䉎ౕ૕⊛䈭ᣇᴺ
䋨䋳䋩
• ᱧผ⊛䈭ᵹⴕ䋨䊍䉴䊃䊥䉦䊦䊶䊃䊧䊮䊄䋩䋺䈍䈍䉋䈠䈱
ᣣઃ䈔䉕౉䉏䈢಴᧪੐䈱ᐕ⴫䇮࿾ၞ䈱ਥ䈭಴᧪
੐䈱䊥䉴䊃䈱૞ᚑ䇯ੱ䇱䇮⥄ಽ䈱ㆊ෰䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱
⺑᣿䇯䉁䈢ᘠ⠌䉇ᘠ଀䇮⥄ಽ䈢䈤䈮䈫䈦䈩りㄭ䈭
䉅䈱䈱ᄌൻ䈮ኻ䈜䉎⺑᣿䉕10ᐕ䈗䈫╬䈮඙ಾ䈦䈩
ᦠ䈐ㄟ䉃䇯
• ⴫䉕↪䈇䈢ὐᢙઃ䈔䇮㗅૏ઃ䈔䋺✚ᒰ䉍⴫䉇⒳䉇
⍹䈭䈬ᢙ䈋䉌䉏䉎䉅䈱䉕↪䈇䈩䇮ὐᢙ䉕䈧䈔䉎䈖䈫
䈮䉋䉍Ყセ䉕ⴕ䈭䈉䇯᭽䇱䈭໧㗴ὐ䈫䈠䈱⸃᳿╷
䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱ఝవ㗅૏䉕䈧䈔䉎㓙䈮䉅↪䈇䉌䉏䉎
䋵䋮䋱䋸䈱ᣇᴺ⺰ឭ᩺䈱
⚿ᨐ䈫․ᓽ
ARNM0001䌾0005
ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱ឭ᩺⁁ᴫ
㪘㪩㪥㪤 ᣇᴺ⺰䉺䉟䊃䊦
• 18䈱ឭ᩺䇯䈖䈱䈉䈤䇮ౣឭ಴ಽ䇮ౣ䇱ឭ಴ಽ
䉕Ꮕ䈚ᒁ䈒䈫䇮15䈱ឭ᩺䇯
• 䈉䈤䇮䌁್ቯ䈏䋱䈧䇮䌂್ቯ䈏৻䈧䇯䌃್ቯ䈲䇮
䈱䈼䋹䈧䇮PR䈏䋲䈧䇮ᧂቯ䈏䋵䈧䇯
• 15ឭ᩺䈱࿾ၞ೎ౝ⸶䈲䇮ਛධ☨9䇮䉝䊐䊥䉦2䇮
䉝䉳䉝2䇮᰷Ꮊ䋲䈪䇮ਛධ☨䈏࿶ୟ⊛䈮ᄙ䈇䇯
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䉺䉟䊃䊦 䊖䉴䊃࿖ 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട⠪
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼 ㆡ↪᧦ઙ
䉦䊷䊗䊮
䊒䊷䊦
㪇㪇㪇㪈
䇭㸣
㪇㪇㪇㪌
㪧㫃㪸㫅㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪼㫊㫋㪸㪹㫃㫀㫊㪿㫄㪼㫅㫋 㪫㪿㪼㩷㪤㫆㫌㫅㫋㪸㫀㫅㩷㪧㫀㫅㪼
㪸㫅㪻㩷㫄㪸㫅㪸㪾㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫀㫅㩷㪸㩷㪽㫀㫉㪼 㪩㫀㪻㪾㪼㩷㪩㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅
㫄㪸㫀㫅㫋㪸㫀㫅㪼㪻㩷㪼㪺㫆㫊㫐㫊㫋㪼㫄
㪧㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋㩷㩿㪤㪧㪩㩷㪧㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋㪀
㪙㪼㫃㫀㫑㪼
㪫㪿㪼㩷㪞㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪙㪼㫃㫀㫑㪼㪃
㪫㪿㪼㩷㪞㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪚㪸㫅㪸㪻㪸㪃
㪪㫀㫃㫍㫀㪺㫌㫃㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㪙㪼㫃㫀㫑㪼㩷㪣㫋㪻㪅㪃
㪙㫀㫅㫂㫄㪸㫅㩷㩽㩷㪘㫊㫊㫆㪺㫀㪸㫋㪼㫊
㪩㪼㪺㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪣㫋㪻㪅㩿㪚㪸㫅㪸㪻㪸㪀㪃
㪫㪿㪼㩷㪤㫆㫌㫅㫋㪸㫀㫅㩷㪧㫀㫅㪼㩷㪩㫀㪻㪾㪼
㪝㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㩷㪚㫆㫄㫇㪸㫅㫐㩷㪣㫋㪻㪅㩿㪙㪼㫃㫀㫑㪼㪀㪅
䊶Ἣ੐䈏䈅䉍▤ℂ䈘䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇䉰䊋䊮
㐿ᆎᤨ䈱น⢻ᕈ䈱㜞䈇 䊅
㪘㪞
࿯࿾೑↪ᣇᴺ䈎䉌䈱὇ 䊶䉲䊷䊄䉸䊷䉴䈏䈭䈇
㪙㪞
䊶࿯ფ὇⚛䊧䊔䊦䈏㐿ᆎᤨ䉋䉍ૐ䈇
⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
䊶࿯࿾೑↪䈱␠ળ⊛ⷐ᳞䈏ૐ䈇
㪇㪇㪇㪉
㪩㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫇㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋
㪩㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪾㫉㪸㫊㫊㫃㪸㫅㪻 㫌㫊㫀㫅㪾㩷㫅㪸㫋㫀㫍㪼㩷㫊㫇㪼㪺㫀㪼㫊
㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㫅㪸㫋㫀㫍㪼㩷㫊㫇㪼㪺㫀㪼㫊
㪸㫉㫆㫌㫅㪻㩷㪘㪜㪪㪄㪫㫀㪼㫋㪼
㪩㪼㫊㪼㫉㫍㫆㫀㫉㫊
㪙㫉㪸㫑㫀㫃
㪘㪜㪪㪄㪫㫀㪼㫋㪼㩷㪪㪆㪘䇭㩿㪙㫉㪸㫑㫀㫃㪀
㪘㪞
䊶଻ో䊶଻⼔⋡⊛䈱ᬀᨋ
㪙㪞
㐿ᆎᤨ䈱น⢻ᕈ䈱㜞䈇
䊶⃻࿷䈱⚻ᷣ⁁ᴫ䈪䈲ㇹ࿯᮸⒳䈱ᬀ
㪣
࿯࿾೑↪ᣇᴺ䈎䉌䈱὇
ᨋ䈲⷗ว䉒䈭䈇
㪛㪮
⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
䊶ㇹ࿯᮸⒳䈱ᬀᨋ
㪪㪦
㪇㪇㪇㪊
㪪㫀㫄㫇㫃㫀㪽㫀㪼㪻㩷㪹㪸㫊㪼㫃㫀㫅㪼
㫄㪼㫋㪿㫆㪻㫆㫃㫆㪾㫐㩷㪽㫆㫉
㫊㫄㪸㫃㫃㪿㫆㫃㪻㪼㫉㩷㪘㪆㪩㩷㫇㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋㫊
㫀㫅㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸㫊㩷㫌㫅㪻㪼㫉㪾㫆㫀㫅㪾
㪺㫆㫅㫋㫀㫅㫌㪼㪻㩷㪻㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅
㪇㪇㪇㪋
䇭㸣
㪇㪇㪈㪋
㪤㪼㫋㪿㫀㪻㫀㫃㫆㪾㫐㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㪼㫊㫋㫀㫄㪸㫋㫀㫅㪾
㪺㪿㪸㫅㪾㪼㫊㩷㫀㫅㩷㪺㪸㫉㪹㫆㫅㩷㫊㫋㫆㪺㫂㫊
㫀㫅㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪹㪸㫊㪼㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㫊㪺㪼㫅㪸㫉㫀㫆㩷㫆㪽 㪫㫉㪼㫅㫋㪸㩷㫐㩷㪫㫉㪼㫊㩾
㫇㫉㫆㫇㫆㫊㪼㪻㩷㫇㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋㩷㪸㪺㫋㫀㫍㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊 㪸㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪺㫆㫄㪹㫀㫅㪼㪻
㪚㪸㫉㪹㫆㫊㫌㫉㩷㪪㪩㪣㩷㩿㪬㫉㫌㪾㫌㪸㫐㪀㪃
㪬㫉㫌㪾㫌㪸㫐 㪞㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪬㫉㫌㪾㫌㪸㫐
㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㫃㫀㫍㪼㫊㫋㫆㪺㫂
㫆㪽㩷㪸㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㫅
㪾㫉㪸㫊㫊㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㫊㫀㫋㪼㫊㪃㩷㪺㫆㫄㪹㫀㫅㪼㪻 㫀㫅㫋㪼㫅㫊㫀㪽㫀㪺㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅
㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㫃㫀㫍㪼㫊㫋㫆㪺㫂
㫀㫅㫋㪼㫅㫊㫀㪽㫀㪺㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅 㩿㩾㪠㪹㫀㫉㪸㩾
㪇㪇㪇㪌
䇭㸣
㪇㪇㪈㪊
㪧㫃㪸㫅㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㫉㫐㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿
㪹㪸㫊㪼㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㪺㫆㫅㫋㫉㫆㫃
㪫㪿㪼㩷㪠㫅㫋㪼㫉㫅㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㪪㫄㪸㫃㫃
㪬㫂㫌㫑㪸㫁㫀㩷㪤㪸㪼㫅㪻㪼㫃㪼㫆㩷㪜㫅㪻㪼㫃㪼㫍㫌 㐿ᆎᤨ䈱น⢻ᕈ䈱㜞䈇
㪞㫉㫆㫌㫇㩷㩽㩷㪫㫉㪼㪼㩷㪧㫃㪸㫅㫋㫀㫅㪾 㪫㪸㫅㫑㪸㫅㫀㪸 㪫㪸㫅㫑㪸㫅㫀㪸㩷㪣㫋㪻㪅㪃
࿯࿾೑↪ᣇᴺ䈎䉌䈱὇
㪮㫆㫉㫃㪻㩷㪙㪸㫅㫂㩷㪙㫀㫆㪚㪸㫉㪹㫆㫅㩷㪝㫌㫅㪻㪅 ⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
㪧㫉㫆㪾㫉㪸㫄㩷㩿㪫㪠㪪㪫㪀
㪫㪿㪼㩷㪤㫆㫌㫅㫋㪸㫀㫅㩷㪧㫀㫅㪼
㪩㫀㪻㪾㪼㩷㪩㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅
㪧㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋㩷㩿㪤㪧㪩㩷㪧㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋㪀
㪙㪼㫀㫃㫀㫑㪼
㪫㪿㪼㩷㪞㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪙㪼㫃㫀㫑㪼㪃
㪫㪿㪼㩷㪞㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪚㪸㫅㪸㪻㪸㪃
㪪㫀㫃㫍㫀㪺㫌㫃㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㪙㪼㫃㫀㫑㪼㩷㪣㫋㪻㪅㪃
㪙㫀㫅㫂㫄㪸㫅㩷㩽㩷㪘㫊㫊㫆㪺㫀㪸㫋㪼㫊
㪩㪼㪺㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪣㫋㪻㪅㩿㪚㪸㫅㪸㪻㪸㪀㪃
㪫㪿㪼㩷㪤㫆㫌㫅㫋㪸㫀㫅㩷㪧㫀㫅㪼㩷㪩㫀㪻㪾㪼
㪝㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㩷㪚㫆㫄㫇㪸㫅㫐㩷㪣㫋㪻㪅㩿㪙㪼㫃㫀㫑㪼㪀㪅
⹏ଔ
㪚
㪘㪩㪮㪞㪊㪑㪚
㪜㪙㪈㪐㪑㪚
㪚
㪘㪩㪮㪞㪊㪑㪚
㪜㪙㪈㪐㪑㪚
㪘㪞
㪙㪞
㪚
㩿㪣㪀
㪘㪩㪮㪞㪋㪑㪚
㩿㪛㪮㪀 㪜㪙㪉㪇㪑㪚
㩿㪪㪦㪀
䊶࿯࿾೑↪䈱ㆬᛯ䈏㒢䉌䉏䇮ㆊᐲ䈭᡼ 㪘㪞
㐿ᆎᤨ䈱น⢻ᕈ䈱㜞䈇
㪙㪞
’䈏䈍䈖䈭䉒䉏䈩䈇䉎⨲ේ
࿯࿾೑↪ᣇᴺ䈎䉌䈱὇
㪛㪮
䊶଻⼔䈘䉏䈢ᄤὼᨋ䈏฽䉁䉏䈭䈇
⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
㪪㪦
䊶▤ℂ䈮Ἣ䈲૶䉒䈭䈇
䊶䉮䊮䊃䊨䊷䊦䉣䊥䉝䈪䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈱 㪘㪞
⚻ᷣ⊛䈮㝯ജ䈱䈅䉎࿯
㪙㪞
὇⚛⫾Ⓧ䈏᷹ቯน⢻
࿾೑↪ᣇᴺ䈎䉌䈱὇⚛
䊶䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉮䊮䊃䊨䊷䊦䉣䊥䉝䈱⸳ 㪣
⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
㪪㪦
⟎䊶▤ℂ䈏น⢻
㪚
㪘㪩㪮㪞㪋㪑㪚
㪜㪙㪉㪇㪑㪚
㪚
㪘㪩㪮㪞㪋㪑㪚
㪜㪙㪉㪇㪑㪚
಴ᚲ䋩䋨␠䋩ᶏᄖ↥ᬺᬀᨋ䉶䊮䉺䊷䈱wave site䉋䉍
ARNM0010䌾0013
ARNM0006䌾0009
㪘㪩㪥㪤 ᣇᴺ⺰䉺䉟䊃䊦
㪇㪇㪇㪍
㪇㪇㪇㪎
㪇㪇㪇㪏
㪇㪇㪇㪐
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䉺䉟䊃䊦 䊖䉴䊃࿖ 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട⠪
㪪㫀㫄㫇㫃㫀㪽㫀㪼㪻㩷㪹㪸㫊㪼㫃㫀㫅㪼
㫄㪼㫋㪿㫆㪻㫆㫃㫆㪾㫐㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㫊㫄㪸㫃㫃
㪙㪸㪾㪼㫇㪸㫃㫃㫀㩷㪚㪛㪤
㫊㪺㪸㫃㪼㩷㪚㪛㪤㩷㪸㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪆
㪘㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅
㪻㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㫅㩷㪻㪼㪾㫉㪸㪻㪼㪻
㪧㫉㫆㪾㫉㪸㫄㫄㪼
㫃㪸㫅㪻㫊㪃㩷㪾㫉㪸㫊㫊㫃㪸㫅㪻㫊㩷㪸㫅㪻
㪽㪸㫃㫃㫆㫎㩷㪺㫉㫆㫇㫃㪸㫅㪻㫊
㪩㪼㫊㫋㫆㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪛㪼㪾㫉㪸㪻㪼㪻
㪣㪸㫅㪻㫊㩷㫋㪿㫉㫆㫌㪾㪿
㪘㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪆
㪩㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅
㪤㫆㫃㪻㫆㫍㪸㩷㪪㫆㫀㫃
㪚㫆㫅㫊㪼㫉㫍㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪧㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋
㪠㫅㪻㫀㪸
㪮㫆㫄㪼㫅㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㪪㫌㫊㫋㪸㫀㫅㪸㪹㫃㪼
㪛㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㩿㪠㫅㪻㫀㪸㪀
㪤㫆㫃㪻㫊㫀㫃㫎㪸㩷㩿㪤㫆㫃㪻㫆㫍㪸㪀㪃
㪤㫆㫃㪻㫆㫍㪸 㪧㫉㫆㫋㫆㫋㫐㫇㪼㩷㪚㪸㫉㪹㫆㫅㩷㪝㫌㫅㪻㪃
㪮㫆㫉㫃㪻㩷㪙㪸㫅㫂
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼 ㆡ↪᧦ઙ
䉦䊷䊗䊮
䊒䊷䊦
䊶⨹ᑄ࿾䇮⨲࿾䇮⇌䈪䈱䉮䊚䊠䊆䊁䉞䊐䉤 㪘㪞
㐿ᆎᤨ䈱น⢻ᕈ䈱㜞䈇
㪙㪞
䊧䉴䊃䇮ㄘ᳃ᬀᨋ
࿯࿾೑↪ᣇᴺ䈎䉌䈱὇
䊶ⶄᢙ᮸⒳䉕㐳⍴ᦼ䊨䊷䊁䊷䉲䊢䊮䈪 㪣
⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
㪪㪦
ᬀᨋ
⃻⁁෶䈲ᱧผ⊛䈭὇⚛ 䊶⨹ᑄ࿾䈮ᬀᨋ
⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
䊶ೋᦼ䈱὇⚛⫾Ⓧ䈏ዋ䈭䈇
㪘㪞
㪙㪞
㪣
㪛㪮
㪪㪦
䊶᫪ᨋ଻⼔࿾඙䈪࿯࿾೑↪ㆬᛯ⢇䈏
㪙㪸㫊㪼㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㫄㪼㫋㪿㫆㪻㫆㫃㫆㪾㫐㩷㪽㫆㫉
᫪ᨋ䈱䉂䈪ઁ䈱࿯࿾೑↪䈲㆑ᴺ
㪸㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻
㪾㫃㫆㪹㪸㫃㪄㫎㫆㫆㪻㩷㪘㪞䋨㪞㪼㫉㫄㪸㫅㫐䋩㪃
⃻⁁෶䈲ᱧผ⊛䈭὇⚛
㪢㫀㫂㫆㫅㪻㪸㩷㪝㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㩷㪩㪼㫊㪼㫉㫍㪼
䊶࿾ర૑᳃䈱ෳട
㫉㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪻㪼㪾㫉㪸㪻㪼㪻
㪬㪾㪸㫅㪻㪸 㪪㫌㫊㫋㪸㫀㫅㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷㪬㫊㪼㩷㫆㪽㩷㪙㫀㫆㫄㪸㫊㫊
⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
㪩㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪧㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋
㪣㫋㪻㪅䋨㪬㪾㪸㫅㪻㪸䋩㪅
䊶䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈱὇⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䈏ᷫዋ
㪹㫌㫊㪿㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫎㫆㫆㪻㫃㪸㫅㪻㫊㩷㫀㫅
䊶ೋᦼ䈱὇⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䈏᷹ቯน⢻
㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㫉㫍㪼㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸㫊
㪘㪞
㪙㪞
㪣
㪛㪮
㪪㪦
㪙㪸㫊㪼㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㫄㪼㫋㪿㫆㪻㫆㫃㫆㪾㫐㩷㪽㫆㫉 㪩㫀㫆㩷㪘㫈㫌㫀㪻㪸㪹㪸㫅
㫉㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪻㪼㪾㫉㪸㪻㪼㪻 㪩㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪧㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋
㩿㪩㪘㪀
㪹㫌㫊㪿㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪾㫉㪸㫊㫊㫃㪸㫅㪻㫊
㪘㪞
㪙㪞
㪣
㪛㪮
㪪㪦
㪾㫃㫆㪹㪸㫃㪄㫎㫆㫆㪻㩷㪘㪞㩷㩿㪞㪼㫉㫄㪸㫅㫐䋩㪃
㪧㪸㫉㪸㪾㫌㪸㫐 㪥㫆㫋㪸㫉㫐㩷㪞㫌㪻㫉㫌㫅㩷㪞㫉㫀㫄㫄
䋨㪧㪸㫉㪸㪾㫌㪸㫐䋩㪅
⃻⁁෶䈲ᱧผ⊛䈭὇⚛ 䊶䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈱὇⚛䈏ᷫዋ䈚䈩䈇䉎
⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
䊶ೋᦼ䈱὇⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䈏᷹ቯน⢻
㪘㪩㪥㪤 ᣇᴺ⺰䉺䉟䊃䊦
⹏ଔ
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䉺䉟䊃䊦 䊖䉴䊃࿖ 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട⠪
㪝㪸㪺㫀㫃㫀㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪾
㪇㪇㪈㪇
㪩㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪽㫆㫉
䇭㸣
㪩㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪻㪼㪾㫉㪸㪻㪼㪻
㪞㫌㪸㫅㪾㫏㫀㩷㪮㪸㫋㪼㫉㫊㪿㪼㪻
㪘㪩㪘㪤 㫃㪸㫅㪻
㪤㪸㫅㪸㪾㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫀㫅㩷㪧㪼㪸㫉㫃
㪇㪇㪇㪈
㪩㫀㫍㪼㫉㩷㪙㪸㫊㫀㫅㪃㩷㪚㪿㪸㫀㫅㪸
㪚
㪘㪩㪮㪞㪌㪑㪚
㪜㪙㪉㪈㪑㪚
㪇㪇㪈㪈
㪙㪸㫊㪼㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㫄㪼㫋㪿㫆㪻㫆㫃㫆㪾㫐㩷㪽㫆㫉
㪸㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㫉
㪚㪿㫆㪺㬩㪄㪤㪸㫅㪸㪹㬣㩷㪚㫆㫉㫉㫀㪻㫆㫉
㫉㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫇㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋
㪩㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻
㪜㪺㫌㪸㪻㫆㫉
㪸㪺㫋㫀㫍㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㫋㪿㪸㫋㩷㪸㫉㪼
㪚㫆㫅㫊㪼㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪚㪸㫉㪹㫆㫅
㪸㪻㪻㫀㫋㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㪻㫌㪼㩷㫋㫆㩷㪽㫀㫅㪸㫅㪺㫀㪸㫃
㪧㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋
㪹㪸㫉㫉㫀㪼㫉㫊㩷㫋㫆㩷㫋㪿㪼㫀㫉
㫀㫄㫇㫃㫀㫄㪼㫅㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅
㪇㪇㪈㪉
㪙㪸㫊㪼㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㫄㪼㫋㪿㫆㪻㫆㫃㫆㪾㫐㩷㪽㫆㫉
㪸㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻
㫉㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫇㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋
㪸㪺㫋㫀㫍㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㫀㫄㫇㫃㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋㪼㪻㩷㫆㫅
㫌㫅㫄㪸㫅㪸㪾㪼㪻㩷㪾㫉㪸㫊㫊㫃㪸㫅㪻
㪇㪇㪈㪊
㪘㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪆
㪫㪿㪼㩷㪤㫆㫌㫅㫋㪸㫀㫅㩷㪧㫀㫅㪼
㫉㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㪹㪸㫊㪼㫃㫀㫅㪼 㪩㫀㪻㪾㪼㩷㪩㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅
㪺㫆㫅㫋㫉㫆㫃㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸㪆㫊
㪧㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋㩷㩿㪤㪧㪩㩷㪧㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋㪀
㪙
㪘㪩㪮㪞㪍㪑㪙
㪜㪙㪉㪉㪑㪙
㪚
㪘㪩㪮㪞㪌㪑㪚
㪜㪙㪉㪈㪑㪚
㪚㪿㫀㫅㪸
㪘㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㫉
㫉㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㫇㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋
㪸㪺㫋㫀㫍㫀㫋㫐㩷㫀㫄㫇㫃㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋㪼㪻㩷㫆㫅 㪙㫉㪸㫑㫀㫃
㫌㫅㫄㪸㫅㪸㪾㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋
㪾㫉㪸㫊㫊㫃㪸㫅㪻
㪚
㪘㪩㪮㪞㪌㪑㪚
㪜㪙㪉㪈㪑㪚
಴ᚲ䋩䋨␠䋩ᶏᄖ↥ᬺᬀᨋ䉶䊮䉺䊷䈱wave site䉋䉍
㪙㪼㫀㫃㫀㫑㪼
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼 ㆡ↪᧦ઙ
⹏ଔ
䊶⨹ᑄ࿾䈮ᬀᨋ
䊶࿯࿾㔛ⷐ䈏ૐ䈒䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮࿯࿾೑
↪䈲⚻ᷣ⊛㝯ജ䈏䈭䈇
䊶࿖䊶࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭ䈏ᬀᨋ䈮䈲ᾲᔃ䈪䈅䉎
㪘㪞
⃻⁁෶䈲ᱧผ⊛䈭὇⚛
䈏䇮䊋䊥䉝䈏ሽ࿷䈜䉎
㪙㪞
⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
䊶ⅣႺ᧦ઙ䉇ੱὑᓇ㗀䈪ᄤὼᬀ↢䈏
᜛ᄢ䈪䈐䈭䈇
䊶䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼䈏㪘㪩㩷㪚㪛㪤
㪤㩽㪧㩷㪉㪉㩿㪸㪀
㪩㪠㪚㪦㪟㩷㪣㫋㪻㪅㩿㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㪀㪃
㪤㪸㫈㫌㫀㫇㫌㪺㫌㫅㪸㩷㪝㫆㫅㪻㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅
㩿㪜㪺㫌㪸㪻㫆㫉㪀㪃
㪪㫌㫊㪸㫅㩷㪪㪿㪼㫇㫇㪸㫉㪻㩷㪝㫆㫌㫅㪻㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅
㩿㪜㪺㫌㪸㪻㫆㫉㪀㪃
㪚㫆㫅㫊㪼㫉㫍㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪠㫅㫋㪼㫉㫅㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪸㩷㪄
㪜㪺㫌㪸㪻㫆㫉㪆㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㪃
㪡㪸㫋㫌㫅䇭㪪㪸㪺㪿㪸㩷㪝㫆㫅㪻㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅
㩿㪜㪺㫌㪸㪻㫆㫉㪀㪅
䊶㪚㪛㪤䈱ㆡᩰᕈ䈱䈅䉎࿯࿾
⚻ᷣ⊛䈮㝯ജ䈱䈅䉎࿯ 䊶࿯࿾ᚲ᦭䈏᣿⏕
࿾೑↪ᣇᴺ䈎䉌䈱὇⚛ 䊶࿯࿾ᚲ᦭⠪䈱↢ᵴ䈏䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䉣䊥
䉝䈮ଐሽ䈚䈭䈇
⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
䊶㆑ᴺ䈭࿯࿾೑↪䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇
㪘㪜㪪㪄㪫㫀㪼㫋㪼㩷㪪㪆㪘㩷㩿㪙㫉㪸㫑㫀㫃㪀㪃
㪙㫀㫆㪚㪸㫉㪹㫆㫅㩷㪝㫌㫅㪽㪃㩷㪠㫅㫋㪼㫉㫅㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃
㪙㪸㫅㫂㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㪩㪼㪺㫆㫅㫊㫋㫉㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻
㪛㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫄㪼㫅㫋㪅
䊶ੱ㑆ᵴേ䈏὇⚛䉴䊃䉾䉪䉕ᷫዋ䈘䈞䈭
䈇
㐿ᆎᤨ䈱น⢻ᕈ䈱㜞䈇
㪘㪞
䊶⋥ធ⊛䈭⚻ᷣᵴേ䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈭䈇
࿯࿾೑↪ᣇᴺ䈎䉌䈱὇
䊶࿯࿾ⵍⷒ䈏ቯᏱ⁁ᘒ䈱⨲࿾䉁䈢䈲 㪙㪞
⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
᫪ᨋ䈮䈭䉌䈭䈇ᄤὼᦝᣂਛ䈱࿯࿾
䊶଻⼔䈘䉏䈢▤ℂ䈘䉏䈭䈇⨲࿾䈪䈅䉎
㪘㪩㪮㪞㪍㪑
㪧㪩
㪫㪿㪼㩷㪞㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪙㪼㫃㫀㫑㪼㪃
㪪㫀㫃㫍㫀㪺㫌㫃㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㪙㪼㫃㫀㫑㪼㩷㪣㫋㪻㪅㪃
㪙㫀㫅㫂㫄㪸㫅㩷㩽㩷㪘㫊㫊㫆㪺㫀㪸㫋㪼㫊
㪩㪼㪺㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪣㫋㪻㪅㩿㪚㪸㫅㪸㪻㪸㪀㪃
㪫㪿㪼㩷㪤㫆㫌㫅㫋㪸㫀㫅㩷㪧㫀㫅㪼㩷㪩㫀㪻㪾㪼
㪝㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㩷㪚㫆㫄㫇㪸㫅㫐㩷㪣㫋㪻㪅㩿㪙㪼㫃㫀㫑㪼㪀㪅
䊶䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉲䊅䊥䉥䈱὇⚛⫾Ⓧ䈏䉮
㪘㪞
䊮䊃䊨䊷䊦䉣䊥䉝䈪᷹ቯน⢻
⚻ᷣ⊛䈮㝯ജ䈱䈅䉎࿯
䊶䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉮䊮䊃䊨䊷䊦䉣䊥䉝䉕⸳ 㪙㪞
࿾೑↪ᣇᴺ䈎䉌䈱὇⚛
㪣
⟎น⢻
⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
䊶䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉮䊮䊃䊨䊷䊦䉣䊥䉝䉕▤ 㪪㪦
ℂ䈪䈐䉎
㪘㪩㪮㪞㪍㪑
㪧㪩
಴ᚲ䋩䋨␠䋩ᶏᄖ↥ᬺᬀᨋ䉶䊮䉺䊷䈱wave site䉋䉍
― 96 ―
䉦䊷䊗䊮
䊒䊷䊦
㪠㫅㪻㫀㫍㫀㪻㫌㪸㫃㩷㪽㪸㫉㫄㪼㫉㫊㪃
㪢㪸㫅㪾㫐㫌㪸㫅㩷㪝㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㩷㪝㪸㫉㫄㪃
㪝㫌㫐㫌㪸㫅㩷㪝㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㩷㪝㪸㫉㫄㪃
㪣㫌㪿㫌㪸㫅㩷㪝㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㩷㪝㪸㫉㫄㪃
㪯㫀㫅㪾㪿㫌㪸㫅㩷㪝㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㫉㫐
㪛㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㪚㫆㫄㫇㪸㫅㫐㩷㪣㫋㪻㪅㪃
㪙㫀㫆㩷㪚㪸㫉㪹㫆㫅㩷㪝㫌㫅㪻㪃
㪠㫅㫋㪼㫉㫅㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㪹㪸㫅㫂㩷㪽㫆㫉
㪩㪼㪺㫆㫅㫊㫋㫉㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻
㪛㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫄㪼㫅㫋㪅
㪘㪞
㪙㪞
㪣
㪛㪮
㪪㪦
㪘
㪘㪩㪮㪞㪍㪑㪘
㪜㪙㪉㪉㪑㪘
㪚
㪘㪩㪮㪞㪌㪑㪚
㪜㪙㪉㪈㪑㪚
ARNM0017䌾0018
ARNM0014䌾0016
㪘㪩㪥㪤 ᣇᴺ⺰䉺䉟䊃䊦
㪇㪇㪈㪋
㪇㪇㪈㪌
㪇㪇㪈㪍
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䉺䉟䊃䊦 䊖䉴䊃࿖ 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട⠪
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼 ㆡ↪᧦ઙ
䉦䊷䊗䊮
䊒䊷䊦
㪤㪼㫋㪿㫀㪻㫀㫃㫆㪾㫐㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㪼㫊㫋㫀㫄㪸㫋㫀㫅㪾
㪺㪿㪸㫅㪾㪼㫊㩷㫀㫅㩷㪺㪸㫉㪹㫆㫅㩷㫊㫋㫆㪺㫂㫊
㫀㫅㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪹㪸㫊㪼㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㫊㪺㪼㫅㪸㫉㫀㫆㩷㫆㪽
㪫㫉㪼㫅㫋㪸㩷㫐㩷㪫㫉㪼㫊㩾
㫇㫉㫆㫇㫆㫊㪼㪻㩷㫇㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋㩷㪸㪺㫋㫀㫍㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊
㪸㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪺㫆㫄㪹㫀㫅㪼㪻
㪚㪸㫉㪹㫆㫊㫌㫉㩷㪪㪩㪣㩷㩿㪬㫉㫌㪾㫌㪸㫐㪀㪃
㪬㫉㫌㪾㫌㪸㫐 㪞㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪬㫉㫌㪾㫌㪸㫐
㫆㪽㩷㪸㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㫅
㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㫃㫀㫍㪼㫊㫋㫆㪺㫂
㪾㫉㪸㫊㫊㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㫊㫀㫋㪼㫊㪃㩷㪺㫆㫄㪹㫀㫅㪼㪻
㫀㫅㫋㪼㫅㫊㫀㪽㫀㪺㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅
㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㫃㫀㫍㪼㫊㫋㫆㪺㫂
㫀㫅㫋㪼㫅㫊㫀㪽㫀㪺㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㩿㩾㪠㪹㫀㫉㪸㩾
㪙㪸㫊㪼㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㪤㪼㫋㪿㫆㪻㫆㫃㫆㪾㫐㪀
䊶࿯࿾೑↪䈱ㆬᛯ䈏㒢䉌䉏䇮᡼’䈏䈍
䈖䈭䉒䉏䈩䈇䉎⨲ේ
䊶ੱญኒᐲ䈏ૐ䈇
䊶ਥ䈮⑳᦭࿾䈪࿯࿾ᚲ᦭䈏᣿⏕
㐿ᆎᤨ䈱น⢻ᕈ䈱㜞䈇 䊶⛔⸘䉇᳇୥䊂䊷䉺䇮࿯ფ䊂䊷䉺䈏ሽ
࿯࿾೑↪ᣇᴺ䈎䉌䈱὇ ࿷䈜䉎
䊶䉴䉺䊷䊃ᤨ䈮࿯ფ὇⚛䈏ዋ䈭䈒䇮࿾਄
⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䉅᡼’䈮䉋䉍ዊ䈘䈇
䊶଻⼔䈘䉏䈢ᄤὼᨋ䈏฽䉁䉏䈭䈇
䊶▤ℂ䈮Ἣ䈲૶䉒䈭䈇
䊶䊜䉺䊮䇮὇ൻ⓸⚛ឃ಴䈏䊔䊷䉴
㪘㪞
㪙㪞
㪣
㪛㪮
㪪㪦
㪘㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻
㪩㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫊
㫉㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫇㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋
㫉㪼㫅㪼㫎㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷㫊㫆㫌㫉㪺㪼㫊㩷㫆㪽
㪸㪺㫋㫀㫍㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㫀㫄㫇㫃㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋㪼㪻㩷㪽㫆㫉
㫎㫆㫆㪻㩷㫊㫌㫇㫇㫃㫀㪼㫊㩷㪽㫆㫉
㫀㫅㪻㫌㫊㫋㫉㫀㪸㫃㩷㪸㫅㪻㪆㫆㫉
㫀㫅㪻㫌㫊㫋㫉㫀㪸㫃㩷㫌㫊㪼㩷㫀㫅㩷㪙㫉㪸㫑㫀㫃
㪺㫆㫄㫄㪼㫉㪺㫀㪸㫃㩷㫌㫊㪼㫊
㐿ᆎᤨ䈱น⢻ᕈ䈱㜞䈇
䊶ቯᏱ⊛䈮⨲࿾䇮▤ℂ䈘䉏䈢⨲࿾
࿯࿾೑↪ᣇᴺ䈎䉌䈱὇
䊶ᄤὼᦝᣂ䈏ᦸ䉄䈭䈇
⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
㪘㪞
㪙㪞
㪘㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪽㫆㫉
㪿㪸㫉㫍㪼㫊㫋㫀㫅㪾㩷㫇㫌㫉㫇㫆㫊㪼㩷㫀㫅
㫌㫅㫊㫌㫊㫋㪸㫀㫅㪸㪹㫃㫐㩷㫄㪸㫅㪸㪾㪼㪻
㪾㫉㪸㫊㫊㫃㪸㫅㪻
㩹㪣㫆㫊㩷㪜㫌㪺㪸㫃㫀㫇㫋㫌㫊㩹
㪸㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫇㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋
㪙㫉㪸㫑㫀㫃
㪧㫃㪸㫅㫋㪸㫉㩷㪪㪆㪘㩷㩿㪙㫉㪸㫑㫀㫃㪀㪃
㪧㫉㫆㫋㫆㫋㫐㫇㪼㩷㪚㪸㫉㪹㫆㫅㩷㪝㫌㫅㪻㪃
㪮㫆㫉㫃㪻㩷㪙㪸㫅㫂㪅
䊶࿾ജ䈏ૐ䈇
㪣㫆㫊㩷㪜㫌㪺㪸㫃㫀㫇㫋㫌㫊㪃㩷㪪㪘㩷㩿㪬㫉㫌㪾㫌㪸㫐㪀㪃 ⃻⁁෶䈲ᱧผ⊛䈭὇⚛ 䊶ᧁ᧚↢↥⋡⊛䈱ᬀᨋ↪࿾䈏䈅䉎
㪬㫉㫌㪾㫌㪸㫐 㪠㪹㪼㫉㫇㪸㫇㪼㫃㩷㪞㪼㫊㫋㫀㫆㫅㪃㩷㪪㪘㩷㩿㪪㫇㪸㫀㫅㪀㪅
⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
䊶ᜬ⛯น⢻䈭▤ℂ䉕ⴕ䈉
䊶න৻᮸⒳
㪘㪩㪥㪤 ᣇᴺ⺰䉺䉟䊃䊦
⹏ଔ
㪇㪇㪈㪎
㪘㪞
㪙㪞
㪣
㪛㪮
㪪㪦
㪇㪇㪈㪏
಴ᚲ䋩䋨␠䋩ᶏᄖ↥ᬺᬀᨋ䉶䊮䉺䊷䈱wave site䉋䉍
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䉺䉟䊃䊦 䊖䉴䊃࿖ 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട⠪
㪙㪸㫊㪼㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㫄㪼㫋㪿㫆㪻㫆㫃㫆㪾㫐㩷㪽㫆㫉
㪸㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㫉
㫉㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪻㪼㪾㫉㪸㪻㪼㪻
㫃㪸㫅㪻㫊㩷㪸㪺㪺㫆㫌㫅㫋㫀㫅㪾㩷㪽㫆㫉
㪤㪼㫏㫀㪺㫆㩷㫊㪼㪸㫎㪸㫋㪼㫉
㪺㪸㫉㪹㫆㫅㩷㫊㫋㫆㪺㫂㩷㪺㪿㪸㫅㪾㪼㫊㩷㫀㫅
㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㫉㫐㩷㫇㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋
㫋㪿㪼㩷㪸㪹㫆㫍㪼㪄㪾㫉㫆㫌㫅㪻
㪹㫀㫆㫄㪸㫊㫊㪃㩷㪹㪼㫃㫆㫎㪾㫉㫆㫌㫅㪻
㪹㫀㫆㫄㪸㫊㫊㪃㩷㪻㪼㪸㪻㩷㫎㫆㫆㪻㩷㪸㫅㪻
㫊㫆㫀㫃㩷㫆㫉㪾㪸㫅㫀㪺㩷㪺㪸㫉㪹㫆㫅㩷㫇㫆㫆㫃㫊
㪘㪽㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪆
㪘㫊㫊㫀㫊㫋㪼㪻㩷㫅㪸㫋㫌㫉㪸㫃
㫉㪼㪽㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪻㪼㪾㫉㪸㪻㪼㪻
㫉㪼㪾㪼㫅㪼㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽
㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㫋㪿㫉㫆㫌㪾㪿㩷㪺㫆㫅㫋㫉㫆㫃㩷㫆㪽
㪻㪼㪾㫉㪸㪻㪼㪻㩷㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㫀㫅
㪸㫅㫀㫄㪸㫃㩷㪾㫉㪸㫑㫀㫅㪾㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪸㫊㫊㫀㫋㪼㪻
㪘㫃㫃㪹㪸㫅㫀㪸
㫅㪸㫋㫌㫉㪸㫃㩷㫉㪼㪾㪼㫅㪼㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅
㪪㪼㪸㫎㪸㫋㪼㫉㩷㪝㫆㫌㫅㪻㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪃
㪠㫅㫋㪼㫉㫅㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㪙㪸㫅㫂㩷㪽㫆㫉
㪤㪼㫏㫀㪺㫆 㪩㪼㪺㫆㫅㫊㫋㫉㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻
㪛㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫄㪼㫅㫋㪅
㪘㫃㪹㪸㫅㫀㪸
㪞㪼㫅㪼㫉㪸㫃㩷㪛㫀㫉㪼㪺㫋㫆㫉㪸㫋㪼㩷㪽㫆㫉
㪝㫆㫉㪼㫊㫋㫊㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪧㪸㫊㫋㫌㫉㪼㫊㪃㩷㪞㫆㫍㪅
㫆㪽㩷㪘㫃㪹㪸㫅㫀㪸㪃
㪫㪿㪼㩷㪠㫅㫋㪼㫉㫅㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㪙㪸㫅㫂㩷㪽㫆㫉
㪩㪼㪺㫆㫅㫊㫋㫉㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻
㪛㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㪸㫊㩷㪫㫉㫌㫊㫋㪼㪼㩷㫆㪽
㫋㪿㪼㩷㪙㫀㫆㪚㪸㫉㪹㫆㫅㩷㪝㫌㫅㪻
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼 ㆡ↪᧦ઙ
䉦䊷䊗䊮
䊒䊷䊦
⹏ଔ
䊶⨹ᑄ࿾
䊶ἠṴ䉕ⴕ䈉႐ว䇮ᅢ᳇᧦ઙ䈪▤ℂ䈚
㪚㪟㪋䈱ឃ಴䉕ዊ䈘䈒䈜䉎
䊶࿯ფ䈱ឃ᳓䈫ᡬੂ䈏㒢䉌䉏㪚㪦㪉ឃ಴
䈲ήⷞ䈪䈐䉎
䊶㪥࿕ቯ᮸⒳䈱૶↪䉕㒢ቯ䈚䇮⎣ൻ䊶⣕ 㪘㪞
㪙㪞
⃻⁁෶䈲ᱧผ⊛䈭὇⚛ ⓸䈏ήⷞ䈪䈐䉎
䊶࿯࿾㔛ⷐ䈏ૐ䈒䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈱࿯࿾೑ 㪛㪮
⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
↪䈲⚻ᷣ⊛㝯ജ䈏䈭䈇
㪪㪦
䊶࿖䊶࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭ䈏ᬀᨋ䈮䈲ᾲᔃ䈪䈅䉎
䈏䇮䊋䊥䉝䈏ሽ࿷䈜䉎
䊶ᄤὼᦝᣂ䈏䈱䈡䉄䈭䈇
䊶䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼䈏㪘㪩㩷㪚㪛㪤
㪤㩽㪧㩷㪉㪉㩿㪸㪀
䊶᮸ᧁ䈲䈅䉎䈏䇮᫪ᨋ䈪䈲䈭䈇⨹ᑄ࿾
䊶᫪ᨋᬀ↢䈱ᄤὼᦝᣂ䈏ᦸ䉄䈭䈇
䊶ἠṴ䉕ⴕ䈉႐ว䇮ᅢ᳇᧦ઙ䈪▤ℂ䈚
㪚㪟㪋䈱ឃ಴䈲ዊ䈘䈇
䊶࿯ფ䈱ឃ᳓䈫ᡬੂ䈏㒢䉌䉏㪚㪦㪉ឃ಴
䈲ήⷞ䈪䈐䉎
⃻⁁෶䈲ᱧผ⊛䈭὇⚛
㪘㪞
䊶㪥࿕ቯ᮸⒳䈱૶↪䉕㒢ቯ䈚䇮⎣ൻ䊶⣕
⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
㪙㪞
⓸䈏ήⷞ䈪䈐䉎
䊶⃻⁁䈱᡽╷䈪䈲᫪ᨋൻ䈚䈭䈇
䊶䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈱࿯࿾೑↪䈏὇⚛ๆ෼㊂
䈱Ⴧട䉕䉁䈰䈒႐ว䈮䈲ㆡ↪䈪䈐䈭䈇
䊶䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼䈏㪘㪩㩷㪚㪛㪤
㪤㩽㪧㩷㪉㪉㩿㪸㪀
಴ᚲ䋩䋨␠䋩ᶏᄖ↥ᬺᬀᨋ䉶䊮䉺䊷䈱wave site䉋䉍
ឭ᩺䈘䉏䈢ᣇᴺ⺰䈱․ᓽ
䊖䉴䊃࿖⿠᩺ဳ
• 䊖䉴䊃࿖⿠᩺ဳ
• ឭ᩺䈘䉏䈢ᣇᴺ⺰䉕䉂䉎䈫䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട⠪䈮䊖䉴䊃࿖એ
ᄖ䈱࿖䈱䉅䈱䈏฽䉁䉏䈩䈇䉎䈱䈲䇮ARNM0001 䋨0005䇮
0013䋩 䈱䉦䊅䉻䇮ARNM0008䈫0009䈱䊄䉟䉿䇮ARNM001䋱
䈱ᣣᧄ䇮ARNM0016䈱䉴䊕䉟䊮䈱䉂䇯
• 䈚䈎䉅䇮ᛩ⾗࿖䈎䈬䈉䈎ਇ᣿䇯ᛩ⾗࿖䈏ᧂቯ䈱䉁䉁䊖䉴䊃࿖
䈏ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱ឭ᩺䇯
• 䈇䈒䈧䈎䈱䉅䈱䈮਎㌁䈏㑐䉒䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯
• ᛩ⾗⠪䉇ᛩ⾗࿖䈎䉌⷗䉎䈫䇮CDMᬀᨋ䈱┙䈤਄䈕䈮ᔅⷐ䈭
ഭജ䇮⾌↪䉕૶䉒䈝䈮䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃⾼౉ᯏળ䉕ᓧ䉌䉏䉎䇯
• ࿖㓙⊛䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪䈱ᵴ↪
• ੐ᬺᦼ㑆䇮䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䈲㐳ᦼ䈱䉅䈱䈏ᄙ䈇
಴ᚲ䋩ዊᨋ♿ਯ(2005)䇺࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ䈫᫪ᨋ䊎䉳䊈䉴䋨╙ਃ 䋩䇻ᣣᧄᨋᬺ⺞ᩏળ
ෳ⠨䋩ዊᨋ♿ਯ(2005)䇺࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ䈫᫪ᨋ䊎䉳䊈䉴䋨╙ਃ 䋩䇻ᣣᧄᨋᬺ⺞ᩏળ
࿖㓙⊛䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪䈱ᵴ↪
੐ᬺᦼ㑆䇮䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䈲㐳ᦼ
• ࿖㓙⊛䈭䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪䉕ᵴ↪䈚䈩CDMᬀᨋ䊒
䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱┙䈤਄䈕䉕䉄䈙䈜䉬䊷䉴䈏ᵈ⋡
䈘䉏䉎䇯
• ଀䈋䈳䇮ARNM0011䈱䉣䉪䉝䊄䊦䈱䊒䊨䉳䉢
䉪䊃䈲䇮☨࿖䈱᦭ജ䈭NGO䇮䉮䊮䉰䊔䊷䉲䊢䊮
䉟䊮䉺䊷䊅䉲䊢䊅䊦䋨CI䋩䈏䉣䉪䉝䊄䊦䈱䋲䈧䈱
NGO䈫ㅪ៤䇯CI䈱ᣣᧄᡰㇱ䈏䋨ᩣ䋩䊥䉮䊷䈫
䈱䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃⾼౉䈱᛬ⴣ䉕ᜂᒰ䇯
• CDMᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈲䇮⍴䈇䉅䈱䈪20ᐕ䇮
㐳䈇䉅䈱䈲60ᐕ䈫䇮䈇䈨䉏䉅㐳ᦼ䈮䉒䈢䉎䊒
䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䇯
• 䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䈲䌬-CER䈱₪ᓧ䉕䉄䈙䈜䇯
಴ᚲ䋩ዊᨋ♿ਯ(2005)䇺࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ䈫᫪ᨋ䊎䉳䊈䉴䋨╙ਃ 䋩䇻ᣣᧄᨋᬺ⺞ᩏળ
಴ᚲ䋩ዊᨋ♿ਯ(2005)䇺࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ䈫᫪ᨋ䊎䉳䊈䉴䋨╙ਃ 䋩䇻ᣣᧄᨋᬺ⺞ᩏળ
― 97 ―
Martin Enderlin᳁䈮䉋䉎ឭ᩺䈘䉏䈢
ARᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱⹏ଔ
AR-WG䈮ឭ಴䈘䉏䈢ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱⹏ଔ
⹏ଔㆊ⒟䈮䈍䈇䈩⺖㗴䈫䈭䈦䈢੐㗄䋨Issues䋩
䉕㓏ጀ⊛䈮ᢛℂ䋨ਅ⸥䈱䋳䈧䋩䋺
• COP/MOP1(2005ᐕ11᦬28ᣣ䌾12᦬9ᣣ)
䈱䉰䉟䊄䉟䊔䊮䊃䋺
㵰Gaining approval for LULCF project and
project methodologies under the CDM :
Lessons learned㵱䈮䈍䈔䉎
Martin Enderlin ᳁䋨ARWG⼏㐳䊶CDMℂ੐
ળ䊜䊮䊋䊷䋩䈱⻠Ṷ䉋䉍
• Basic Issue䌳
• Primary Issues
• Secondary Issues
Primary Issues
Basic Issue
•
•
•
•
AR-CDM䈱䉮䊮䉶䊒䊃䇮ታᣉᚻ㗅෸䈶↪
⺆䈱⛔৻
• Decision19/CP.9 (AR CDM M&P)䈮␜䈘䉏
䈢᭽ᑼ䇮ᚻ㗅䈮ኻ䈜䉎ℂ⸃ਇ⿷䇯
• ๆ෼Ḯ䈮䉋䉎䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮⚐GHG⫾Ⓧ㊂䇮⚐
ੱὑ⊛ๆ෼㊂䇮⃻ታ⚐ๆ෼㊂䈱ቯ⟵䈍䉋䈶
⠨ኤ䈏AR CDM M&P䈮␜䈘䉏䈢᭽ᑼ䇮ᚻ㗅
䈮ว⥌䈚䈩䈇䈭䈇䇯
•
•
•
•
•
Secondary Issues
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮⚐GHG⫾Ⓧ㊂
⃻ታ⚐ๆ෼㊂
䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈮䉋䉎ឃ಴
೑↪䈜䉎䊝䊂䊦䇮౏ᑼ䇮䉝䊦䉯䊥䉵䊛䈍䉋䈶䊂䊷䉺
Ḯ
• ਇ⏕ታᕈ
• ᢥᦠ䈱⸳⸘䇮⸒⪲㆜䈇䇮䈠䈱ઁో૕䉕ㅢ䈛䈢ຠ⾰
•
•
•
•
•
― 98 ―
ㆡ↪ᕈ䈫᧦ઙ䈮ኻ䈜䉎⠨ኤ
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䊋䉡䊮䉻䊥䊷
࿯࿾䈱ㆡᩰᕈ
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼䇮ᱜᒰᕈ䇮䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮࿯࿾
೑↪䉲䊅䊥䉥䈱᳿ቯ
ㅊടᕈ䈱⹏ଔ
὇⚛䋯㕖ੑ㉄ൻ὇⚛GHG䊒䊷䊦䈱ㆬቯ䈫⠨ኤ
⚐ੱὑ⊛ๆ෼㊂
ᄌᦝ䈏䈭䈘䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇䋨╙䋲Ბ㓏䈱႐ว䋩
ᣢሽ䈱ᣇᴺ⺰䈮䉋䉍䈜䈪䈮䉦䊋䊷䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎▸࿐
Martin Enderlin᳁䈮䉋䉎⚿⺰䈫ផᅑ
• ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱⾰䈲਄䈏䈦䈩䈐䈢䇯
• AR CDM M&P䋨Dec.19/CP.9䋩䈱ᔀᐩ⊛䈭೑↪䈏䈐䉒䉄䈩
㊀ⷐ䇯
• ೋᱠ⊛䈭੐㗄䋨Primary Issues䋩䈮䉅⌀೶䈮䈫䉍䈒䉃䈖䈫䇯
• www.Unfcc.int/CDM䈱䊕䊷䉳䉕ቯᦼ⊛䈮ෳᾖ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯
• ᦨᣂ䈱䉧䉟䉻䊮䉴䉕૶䈉䈖䈫䋺tool for eligibility and
additionality, leakage, baseline determination etc
• WG07䈮ᵈ⋡䋺ਇ⏕ታᕈ䇮࿖䈱᡽╷䇯
• ಴⊒ὐ䈫䈚䈩䈱ᛚ⹺䈘䉏䈢ᣇᴺ⺰䈫ዊⷙᮨCDM◲⚛ൻᣇᴺ
⺰䈱೑↪䇯
• 䉋䉍䉋䈇⾰䈱ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ឭ಴䇯
ᣇᴺ⺰ಽᨆ䈱੐଀
• Mountain Pine Ridgeౣᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䋨䊔䊥䊷
䉵䋩䋺ᄤὼᦝᣂਇ⦟䈪䇮2000ᐕ䈮↲⯻ⵍኂ䉕ฃ䈔䈢
䉦䊥䊎䉝᧻(var. hondulensis)ᨋ䈻ᬀᨋ䇯 䇸ኻᾖ඙䍁
䈮ᣉᬺ䉕ታᣉ䈚䇮䈠䈖䈪䉰䊮䊒䊥䊮䉫䈚䈢὇⚛ᄌൻ
䈏䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䇯
• ARNM0001㸢ARNM0005㸢ARNM0013䈱䉮䊜䊮䊃
䈫ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ᄌൻ䉕ㅊ䈦䈩䉂䉎䇯
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃Ⴚ⇇䈱ቯ⟵䈏ਇ᣿⏕䇯ARWG䈱䉮䊜䊮
䈫ឭ᩺⠪஥䈱ୃᱜὐ䈫䈱㑐ㅪ䈏᣿⏕䈪䈲䈭䈇䇯
• ⚿ዪ䇮CDMℂ੐ળ䈪಴䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎ฦ⒳ᢥᦠ䈮ᔘታ
䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䈏᳞䉄䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯
䋶䋮ᛚ⹺䈘䉏䈢ᣇᴺ⺰
䋨ARAM0001䋩䈱᭎ⷐ
ARAM0001ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ㆡ↪᧦ઙ䋨䋱䋩
ARAM0001
䋨ਅ⸥䈱᧦ઙ䈱ਅ䈪䈖䈱䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䊶䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫ᣇᴺ⺰䈲᦭ല䋩
• 䈖䈱䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䈏䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䊋䉡䊮䉻䊥䊷ᄖ
䈪䈱䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃೨䈱ᵴേ䈮ᄌൻ䉕ਈ䈋䈭䈇䈖䈫䇯䈜
䈭䉒䈤䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱ਅ䈮䈅䉎࿯࿾䈲䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃
䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈩䈭䈇䈱䈫ห䈛㊂䈱⽷䈫䉰䊷䊎䉴䉕ዋ䈭䈒
䈫䉅ឭଏ䈚䈧䈨䈔䉎䇯
• ᬀᨋ䈘䉏䉎࿯࿾䈲䇮⪺䈚䈒ഠൻ䈚䈢࿯࿾䈪䇮ᬀ↢䈱
ᜰᮡ䋨᮸౰₸䇮᮸㜞䋩䈏ቯ⟵䈘䉏䈢᫪ᨋ䈱㑣୯䉕ਅ
࿁䈦䈩䈇䉎䈖䈫䇯
• ⅣႺ᧦ઙ䈫ੱὑ䈏ᒁ䈐⿠䈖䈜ഠൻ䈮⿠࿃䈜䉎⥄ὼ
䈱᫪ᨋᬀ↢䈱ଚ౉䈏䈭䈇䈖䈫䇯
• ࿯࿾䈲⋥ធ⊛䈭ᬀᩱ䈅䉎䈇䈲᠞⒳䈮䉋䈦䈩ᨋ࿾ൻ
䈘䉏䉎䈖䈫䇯
• ARNM0010䈱ណᛯ䈮઻䈇䇮䈖䈱ᣇᴺ⺰䋨䊔䊷
䉴䊤䉟䊮䈱ᣇᴺ⺰䉕䇸䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䊋䉡䊮䉻
䊥䊷ౝ䈱ᣢሽ䈱ታ⾰⊛䈅䉎䈇䈲ㆊ෰䈱὇⚛
⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ䇹䉕ㆬᛯ䋩䉕ర䈮䇮Draft
methodology for AR project activity ARAM00XX䈏䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦䈫䈚䈩ឭ᩺䈘䉏䈢䇯
• ARAM0001䈫䈭䈦䈢䇯
― 99 ―
ARAM0001
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼
ARAM0001ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ㆡ↪᧦ઙ䋨䋲䋩
䋨ਅ⸥䈱᧦ઙ䈱ਅ䈪䈖䈱䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䊶䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫ᣇᴺ⺰䈲᦭ല䋩
• ࿾䈗䈚䉌䈋䈮䉋䈦䈩䇮㊀ᄢ䈪㐳ᦼ䈮䉒䈢䉎࿯ფౝ䈱
὇⚛䈱⚐᡼಴䈏ᒁ䈐⿠䈘䉏䈭䈇䈖䈫䇯
• ᬀᨋ࿾䈲⍴ᦼ䉁䈢䈲㐳ᦼ䈱䊨䊷䊁䊷䉲䊢䊮䈪બណ䈘
䉏䇮⋥ធᬀᩱ䉁䈢䈲⪚⧘䈪ᦝᣂ䈘䉏䉎䈖䈫䇯
• ࿯ფ᦭ᯏ‛䇮䊥䉺䊷䇮ᨗᱫᧁౝ䈱὇⚛⫾Ⓧ䈲䇮䊒䊨
䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈭䈇႐ว䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䉲䊅䊥
䉥䈫Ყセ䈚䈩䇮࿯ფᶐ㘩䈫ੱὑᐓᷤ䈮䉋䉍䉋䉍ᄙ䈒䈏
ᷫዋ䈚䇮ઁᣇ䇮䉋䉍ዋ㊂䈚䈎Ⴧട䈚䈭䈇䈫⷗ㄟ䉁䉏䈩
䈇䉎䈖䈫䇯
• 䈖䈱䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱႐ว䇮䊋䉡䊮䉻䊥䊷ౝ䈪᡼’䈏ⴕ
䉒䉏䉏䈭䈇䈖䈫䇯
• A/R CDM M&P䈱䊌䊤䉫䊤䊐䋲䋲䈱䋳䈧䈱䊔䊷
䉴䊤䉟䊮䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼䈱䈉䈤䇮(a)䉕ណ↪䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯
• 䈜䈭䉒䈤䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䊋䉡䊮䉻䊥䊷ౝ䈱ᣢሽ
䈱ታ⾰⊛䈅䉎䈇䈲ㆊ෰䈱὇⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䈱ᄌൻ
ARAM0001
ARAM0001
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈱ᣇᴺ⺰
䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䈱ᣇᴺ⺰
㽲ㅊടᕈ䈲䇸Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality
for afforestation and reforestation CDM project activities䇹䉕૶䈦䈩⸽
᣿䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯
㽳὇⚛⫾Ⓧ䈱ᄌൻ䈲䇮࿾਄ㇱ䈫࿾ਅㇱ䈱䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱䉂ផቯ䈜䉎䇯
ઁ䈱䊒䊷䊦䋨࿯ფ᦭ᯏ‛䇮ᨗᱫᧁ䇮䊥䉺䊷䋩䈎䉌䈱ឃ಴䈲䉮䊮䉰䊋䊁䉞䊑
䋨ប䈋䉄䋩䈪䈅䉎䈫⷗䈭䈜䇯䈠䈱ℂ↱䈲䇮䈠䈱ઁ䈱䊒䊷䊦䈲䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃
䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈭䈇䉁䉁䈱⁁ᘒ䈪䈲䇮CDM A/R䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱䉲䊅䊥䉥䈫Ყセ䈚
䈩䇮䉋䉍ᄙ䈒䈏ᷫዋ䈚䇮䉋䉍ዋ䈭䈒䈚䈎Ⴧട䈏⷗ㄟ䉄䈭䈇䈢䉄䈪䈅䉎䇯
㽴䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈱䉲䊮䉪䈮䉋䉎GHG䈱㒰෰㊂䈲ផቯ䈞䈝䇮䉷䊨䈫䈜䉎䇯
㽵䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈮䉋䉎ឃ಴䈲GPG LULUCF䈮䉋䈦䈩ឭଏ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎ᣇᴺ䉕
↪䈇䈩▚಴䈜䉎䇯
㽶ឭ᩺䈘䉏䈢A/R CDM䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䈱䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䈲䇮⧣ᧁ䇮ഭ௛⠪䇮䉴
䉺䉾䊐䉇෼ⓠ‛䈱ャㅍ䈮ᔅⷐ䈭⥄േゞ䈱ൻ⍹Άᢱ䈱Ά὾䈮䉋䉎GHGឃ
಴䈪䈅䉎䇯ㆡಾ䈭GHGឃ಴㊂䈲䇮න⚐䈭৻ᰴᣇ⒟ᑼ䈮䉋䈦䈩ផቯ䈜䉎䇯
㽲䈖䈱ᣇᴺ⺰䈮฽䉁䉏䉎ⷐ⚛䈲䇮ਅ⸥䈱䈫䈍䉍䈪䈅䉎䇯
• ឭ᩺䈘䉏䈢A/R CDM䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᵴേ䈱䈜䈼䈩䈱䊌䊐䉤䊷䊙䊮䉴䇯䈖䉏䈮
䈲䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䊋䉡䊮䉻䊥䊷⸳ቯ䇮᫪ᨋㅧᚑ䇮᫪ᨋ▤ℂᵴേ䈮䉋䉎⚿ᨐ
䈏฽䉁䉏䉎䇯
• 䉲䊮䉪䉋䉎ታ㓙䈱GHG䈱⚐೥ᷫ㊂䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䊋䉡䊮䉻䊥䊷ౝ䈱⓸⚛
⢈ᢱ䇮࿾䈗䈚䉌䈋䇮㑆બ䇮៝಴䇮㕖ᧁᧄᬀ↢䈱ឃ㒰䈮䉋䉎GHGឃ಴䈱Ⴧ
ട㊂䇯
• ⥄േゞ䈱૶↪䈮䉋䉎䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䇯
• QA/QC䊒䊤䊮䇯䈖䉏䈮䈲䇮㓸䉄䈢䊂䊷䉺䈱♖ᐲ䉕䈅䈕䇮䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䈱ല
₸䉕ᡷༀ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫⸘↹䈱ㇱಽ䈫䈚䈩ਇน
ᰳ䈪䈅䉎䊐䉞䊷䊦䊄᷹㊂䇮䊂䊷䉺෼㓸䊶⸽᣿䇮䊂䊷䉺⸥タ䊶଻▤䉕฽䉃䇯
㽳䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈱䉲䊮䉪䈮䉋䉎⚐GHG೥ᷫ㊂䈲᷹䉎ᔅⷐ䈲䈭䈒䇮䊝䊆䉺䊷䈜
䉎ᔅⷐ䉅䈭䈇䇯
㽴䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䈲䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䊋䉡䊮䉻䊥䊷ᄖ䈪↢䈛䉎GHGឃ಴䉕Ⴧട䈘䈞
䉎Ḯ䈫䈚䈩䇮䈖䈱䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䈱ኻ⽎䈫䈭䉎䇯䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䈱ẜ࿷⊛䈭಴ᚲ
䈲䇮⥄േゞ䈱೑↪䈮䉋䉎ൻ⍹Άᢱ䈱Ά὾䈪䈅䉎䇯
ARAM0001䈱⹏ଔ
• ․ᓽ⊛䈭䈖䈫䈲䇮὇⚛⾂⇐䈱ᄌൻ䉕⹏ଔ䈜䉎䈮ᒰ
䈢䉍䇮࿯ფ὇⚛䇮䊥䉺䊷䇮ᨗᱫᧁ╬☻ᄢ᦭ᯏ‛䈫䈇䈉
䋳䈧䈱䊒䊷䊦䉕⸘▚䈮౉䉏䈭䈇䈖䈫䇯
• 䈖䉏䉌䈱䊒䊷䊦䉕ᱜ⏕䈮⹏ଔ䈜䉎䈱䈲࿎㔍䈪䇮ഭജ
䈏䈎䈎䉎䇯䈚䈢䈏䈦䈩䇮䉮䉴䊃䉕ᄢ᏷䈮೥ᷫ䈪䈐䉎䇯
• 䈖䈱ᣇᴺ䈲䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈏ᣢሽ䈱࿯࿾೑↪ᵴേ䈮෸
䈿䈜ᓇ㗀䉕⠨ᘦ䈚䈭䈇䇮䈅䉎䈇䈲䇮ᓇ㗀䈏⊒↢䈚䈢
䈫䈚䈩䉅ర䇱䈱䉦䊷䊗䊮䉴䊃䉾䉪䈏ᄢ䈚䈢䈖䈫ή䈇䈱
䈪䇮㊂⊛䈮䉅ᄢ䈚䈢䈖䈫䈏䈭䈇䈫⸃㉼䈜䉎䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼
䈪䈅䉎䇯䈅䉎ᗧ๧䇮↹ᦼ⊛䈪䈅䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮䈠䈱䈢䉄
䈮䈲䇮䈖䉏䉌䈱೨ឭ䈏䈠䉐䈦䈩䈇䉎䈖䈫䉕䇮⹏ଔ⠪䈮
චಽ䈮⚊ᓧ䈪䈐䉎ᒻ䈪⸽᣿䈘䉏䉎䈖䈫䈏㊀ⷐ䈫䈭䉎䇯
䋷䋮CDMᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃
䉕䉄䈓䉎⺖㗴
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䌃䌄䌍ᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱․ᱶᕈ䈎䉌
੍᷹䈘䉏䉎Ꮻ⚿
䌃䌄䌍ᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱․ᱶᕈ
• CDMᬀᨋ䈪₪ᓧ䈚䈢὇⚛䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䈏㕖᳗⛯ᕈ䈫䈇
䈉ᱜ⏕䉕䉅䈧䈏䉉䈋䈮䇮䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䈱㝯ജ䈏ૐ䈒䇮ଔ
ᩰ䉅቟䈒䈭䉌䈙䉎䉕ᓧ䈭䈇䇯
• ᣇᴺ⺰䈮ᔅⷐ䈭࿯࿾䈱ㆡᩰᕈ䇮ㅊടᕈ䈱⸽᣿䇮
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉲䊅䊥䉥᳿ቯ䇮䊥䊷䉬䊷䉳䈱⠨ᘦ䈭䈬䇮
⥄ὼ᧦ઙ䈣䈔䈪䈭䈒␠ળ⊛᧦ઙ䈮䉅ᄢ䈐䈒Ꮐฝ䈘䉏䇮
䈠䉏䈡䉏䈱䊦䊷䊦䉕䉪䊥䉝䊷䈜䉎䈮䈲੐೨䈱䈚䈦䈎
䉍䈚䈢⺞ᩏ䈏ᔅⷐ㸢䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃⾌↪䈱Ⴧᄢ䇯
• એ਄䈱ਔ㕙䈪䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱ណ▚ᕈ䈲⥄䈝䈫ૐ䈇
䉅䈱䈮䈭䉌䈙䉎䉕ᓧ䈭䈇㸢⚻ᷣ⊛ᛩ⾗䈫䈚䈩⠨䈋䉎
䈫䈚䈢䉌㝯ജ䈲ዊ䈘䈇䇯
• ₪ᓧ䈘䉏䉎CER䈏㕖᳗⛯⊛䈪䈅䉎䇯
• ᫪ᨋ䈲࿯࿾೑↪䈱৻䈧䈱ᒻᘒ䈪䈅䉍䇮࿯࿾
೑↪ᣇᴺ䈲䇮⥄ὼ᧦ઙ䇮࿾ᒻ᧦ઙ䇮␠ળ⚻
ᷣ⊛䇮ᱧผ⊛᧦ઙ䈮䉋䉍ᄢ䈐䈒Ꮐฝ䈘䉏䉎䇯
• ὇⚛䉕ๆ෼䈜䉎ᨋᧁ䈱ᚑ㐳䈲䇮᳇୥᧦ઙ䇮
࿯ფ᧦ઙ䇮᮸⒳䇮ᣉᬺᣇᴺ䈮䉋䈦䈩ᄢ䈐䈒Ꮐ
ฝ䈘䉏䉎䇯
CDMᬀᨋ䈱ᛩ⾗࿖䈮䉋䉎䊜䊥䉾䊃
䌃䌄䌍ᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱䊖䉴䊃࿖䈮䈍䈔䉎䊜䊥䉾䊃
• 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈮䉋䉎㓹↪䈱႐䈱ഃ಴䇯
• 䈠䈱䉁䉁䈪䈲✛ൻ䈏㔍䈚䈎䈦䈢࿯࿾䈱᫪ᨋ
ൻ䈫䈠䉏䈮䉋䉎ଢ⋉䇯
• ᧁ᧚ଔᩰ䈮ട䈋䇮὇⚛䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䈫䈇䈉ઃടଔ
୯䈱⏕଻䇯
• ᫪ᨋൻ䈲ᛩ⾗䈱㐳ᦼ㑆䈮䉒䈢䉎࿕ቯൻ䉕ᗧ
๧䈜䉎䈏䇮䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䈮䉋䉍䉋䉍⍴䈇ᦼ㑆䈪ᛩ
⾗䈱࿁෼䈏น⢻䇯
• ᷷ᥦൻ䉧䉴೥ᷫ䈱䊉䊦䊙䉕ᨐ䈢䈞䈭䈇႐ว
䈱଻㒾䈫䈇䈉஥㕙䇯
• ડᬺ䈱CSRᵴേ䈫䈚䈩䈱૏⟎䈨䈔䇯
• వㅴᎿᬺ࿖䈫䈚䈩䈱⟵ോ䉕ᨐ䈢䈜ᯏળ䇯
CDMᬀᨋ䈱ᣇᴺ⺰䈱⺖㗴
CDMᬀᨋ䈱⺖㗴
• t/䌬-CER䈱ଔᩰ䇮⾼౉⠪䈏ᧂቯ䇯
• 䊖䉴䊃࿖⿠᩺ဳ䈪䇮ᛩ⾗࿖䈏ᧂቯ䇯
㸣
• ᣂᣇᴺ⺰䈱ᛚ⹺䈏ᧂ䈣ዋ䈭䈇䇯
• ᛚ⹺䈘䉏䈢ARAM0001䈱ㆡ↪᧦ઙ䈲䇮৻⥸
⊛䈫䈲⸒䈇䈏䈢䈒䇮䈖䈱ᣇᴺ⺰䉕↪䈇䈩ឭ᩺
䈪䈐䉎႐ᚲ䈲㒢䉌䉏䉎䈱䈪䈲䈭䈇䈎䇯
• 䊌䊑䊥䉾䉪䉮䊜䊮䊃䈱൐㓸ᦼ㑆䈏⍴䈒䇮䉮䊜䊮䊃
䈜䉎䈮䉅䈎䈭䉍⃻࿾䈱ታᖱ䈮⹦䈚䈇ኾ㐷ኅ䈪
䈭䈇䈫࿎㔍䇯
౏⊛䈭ਥ૕䋨䈫䈒䈮࿖䋩䈻䈱௛䈐䈎䈔
䈠䈱䈢䉄䈮䈲䇮὇⚛䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䈱㔛⛎੍᷹
䈱ᔅⷐᕈ䇯
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資料 2 ―（5）国内研修教材 コンサベーション・インターナショナル・ジャパン 日比保史講師
‼※‸⁂⁄⁁⅙‵‶‿ʴ஬Ꮛ঺‫׎‬ϋᄂ̲
‼※‸⁂⁄⁁⅙‵‶‿ʴ஬Ꮛ঺‫׎‬ϋᄂ̲
⻠䇭⟵䇭ᰴ䇭╙
⁂‶‶ʙ̊ᄂᆮ
⁂‶‶ʙ̊ᄂᆮ
䈲䈛䉄䈮䋨CI
䈱⚫੺䋩
䈲䈛䉄䈮䋨CI䈱⚫੺䋩
䋱䋮᳇୥ᄌേ䈫↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ
䋲䋮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱᭎ⷐ
䋳䋮ᣇᴺ⺰䈱㐿⊒䈫BL
⸳ቯ䊶ㅊടᕈ
䋳䋮ᣇᴺ⺰䈱㐿⊒䈫BL⸳ቯ䊶ㅊടᕈ
䋴䋮CDM/EB
䈮䉋䉎ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ክᩏ
䋴䋮CDM/EB䈮䉋䉎ᣇᴺ⺰䈱ክᩏ
䋵䋮␠ળ䊶ⅣႺಽᨆ
䋶䋮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱ታᣉ૕೙
䋷䋮੹ᓟ䈱⺖㗴
⇎⇕⇈⇯∑
⇎⇕⇈⇯∑
Ⅶ⇮∐⇽∑∝⇿⇳⇻⇉⇩⇮‫׹‬Ⅷ
Ⅶ⇮∐⇽∑∝⇿⇳⇻⇉⇩⇮‫׹‬Ⅷ
ϐౡ௎‵‶‿ʙಅ↝૾ඥᛯ⇁ɶ࣎↚
ϐౡ௎‵‶‿ʙಅ↝૾ඥᛯ⇁ɶ࣎↚
․••
࠰
࠰․உ․‣ଐ
․••
․‣ଐ
․••
࠰․உ․‣ଐ
⅙⇙∙⇛⇿∞⇝∍∙∝⇊∙⇥∞⇰⇝∍⇰∑
⅙⇙∙⇛⇿∞⇝∍∙∝⇊∙⇥∞⇰⇝∍⇰∑
ଐൔ⅙̬Ӫ
ଐൔ⅙̬Ӫ
CI’s MISSION
‫ྶע‬ƕᧈƍ࠰உǛƔƚƯᏋǜ
ưƖƨᐯ໱ᢡငƱƠƯƷဃཋ‫ٶ‬
ಮࣱǛ̬ᜱƠŴʴ᧓ᅈ˟Ʊᐯ໱
ƕᛦԧƠƯဃƖǔᢊǛφ˳ႎƴ
ᅆƢƜƱŵ
To conserve the Earth’
Earth’s living
natural heritage, our global
biodiversity, and to demonstrate
that human societies are able to
live harmoniously with nature.
ỊẳỜỆίᵡᵧỉኰʼὸ
ỊẳỜỆίᵡᵧỉኰʼὸ
ORGANIZATION
CI’
CI’s APPROACH
—ӸᆅᲴdzȳǵșȸǷȧȳȷǤȳǿȸȊǷȧȊȫᲢ%+Უ
—ᚨᇌᲴ࠰
—ȟȃǷȧȳᲴဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ̬μ
—ྸʙᧈ%'12GVGT#5GNKIOCPP
—෇ѣ‫؏ע‬Ჴ቟‫׎‬ȯǷȳȈȳ&%ᲢஜᢿᲣŴӲʙಅʙѦ৑
ᲢǢȕȪǫŴǢǸǢ‫࠯ٽ‬බŴɶ‫ځ‬ǢȡȪǫŴҤǢȡȪ
ǫᲣŴ഑߸ʙѦ৑ŴଐஜʙѦ৑ų →‫ٻ‬ᨕǫ‫ˌ׎‬ɥ
—ǹǿȃȕᲴኖӸᲢဃཋ‫ܖ‬ᎍŴʴ᫏‫ܖ‬ᎍŴኺųųų
ฎ‫ܖ‬ᎍŴȞȸDZȆǣȳǰŴ+6‫ܼᧉݦ‬ƳƲǛԃljᲣ
—ȉȊȸᲴ˖ಅŴ̾ʴŴᝠ‫ׇ‬Ŵ૎ࡅŴ‫׎‬ᨥೞ᧙ƳƲ
—෇ѣᲴᐯ໱̬ᜱғƷᚨ‫ܭ‬ȷᢃփŴዌ๒үूᆔƷ̬μŴ
˰ൟӋь‫׹‬Ʒ᝻เሥྸඥƷ‫ݰ‬λŴǨdzȄȸȪǺȠƳƲƷ
ˊஆဃᚘ৖െƷ੩̓ŴǫȸȜȳȷǪȕǻȃȈʙಅ GVE
― 102 ―
ἭἕἚἋἯἕἚ̬μỉẺỜỉᵡᵧ
ᵡᵧỉ෇ѣ
ỉ෇ѣ
ἭἕἚἋἯἕἚ̬μỉẺỜỉ
ἭἕἚἋἯἕἚ̬μỉẺỜỉᵡᵧỉ෇ѣ
ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱἭἕἚἋἯἕἚ
‫ע‬ᘙ᩿ᆢƷǘƣƔưƋǓƳƕǒŴ‫ྶע‬ɥưஇNjዌ๒ƕүूƞǕƯƍǔ
Ռʐ᫏Ŵᯓ᫏Ŵɲဃ᫏ᆔƷƕဃऒ
ųዌ๒үूᆔƷ̬μ
ųᐯ໱̬ᜱ‫؏ע‬ȷෙබ̬ᜱғƷሊ‫ܭ‬
ųဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱdzȪȉȸᲢዯƷ‫ࡔׅ‬ᲣƷᚨፗ
ųౕ௎̬μȷ‫ࣄׅ‬ǍȬȳǸȣȸƷᏋ঺
ųྵ‫˰ע‬ൟǁƷ࿢‫ؾ‬૙ᏋǍǭȣȳȚȸȳ
ųdzȟȥȋȆǣɼ‫ݰ‬ƴǑǔᐯ໱᝻เሥྸƷ̟ᡶ
ųʴӝƱ࿢‫ؾ‬ȗȭǰȩȠ
ų࿢‫ؾ‬ȷͺѦǹȯȃȗ
ųᴐᴰᴛᴀᴎᴱ᳽ᴌᴒᴔᴕᴛᴩ᳽ᴢᴷᴈᴜᴝᴈᴔᴇᴤᴷؕ᣿Ტ%'2(
ųᴐᴰᴛᴀᴎᴱ᳽ᴌᴒᴔᴕᴛᴩ᳽ᴢᴷᴈᴜᴝᴈᴔᴇᴤᴷؕ᣿Ტ%'2(
ųǨdzȄȸȪǺȠ
ų࿢‫̬ؾ‬μ‫׹‬ȓǸȍǹȢȇȫƷ᧏ႆ
ųǫȸȜȳȷǪȕǻȃȈ
ƳƲ
䰏䰕䬽᳇୥ᄌേ໧㗴⸃᳿䭇䬽䭩䮞䮴䯃䮈
䰏䰕䬽䮏䮱䮞䮲䯂䮠䮔䮜䭪䮊䮏ဳ䬆䭺䮺䭼䮠䯃䭾䮮䮺䯂䭲䯃䮣䮺䬇䬽䭺䮺䮂䮞䮏
•ౕ௎̬ᜱƴǑǔ)*)
੎ЈЪถǯȬǸȃȈ҄Ʒ̟ᡶȷૅੲ
ౕ௎̬ᜱƴǑǔ)*)੎ЈЪถǯȬǸȃȈ҄Ʒ̟ᡶȷૅੲ
᳇୥ᄌേኻ╷䈻䈱⽸₂
→䫹䎸䎱䎩䎦䎦䎦䎐䎦䎲䎳䬶䬽௛䬜䬚䬠䫺ฦ⒳⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ䬷ᚑᨐ⊒⴫䫺
䫹䫹䮘䭫䮴䮊䮏䯂䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬽ታᣉ╬
䋨䉦䊷䊗䊮䊶䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䋩
•᫪ᨋᶖᄬ䈱㒐ᱛ䈮䉋䉎䌇䌈䌇ឃ಴䈱੍㒐
•଻ో䊶ౣ↢ᨋ䈮䉋䉎䌇䌈䌇ๆ෼
•ȈȪȗȫȷșȍȕǣȃȈ‫׹‬ʙಅ̟ᡶƷƨNJƷؕแሊ‫ܭ‬
↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ో䈻䈱⽸₂ ࿾ర䉮䊚䊠䊆䊁䉞䊷䈱
䋨䊖䉾䊃䉴䊘䉾䊃䈱଻ో䋩
ᜬ⛯น⢻䈭⊒ዷ䈻䈱⽸₂
•଻ో࿾ၞ䈱ᜰቯ
•↢ᘒ♽࿾ၞ䈱଻ో䈫࿁ᓳ
•↢ᘒ♽䉰䊷䊎䉴䈱࿁ᓳ䈫⚻ᷣଔ
୯䈱ઃਈ
•⥄ὼἴኂ䈻䈱㒐ᱛ
→ 䫹ડᬺ䯂䎱䎪䎲䬹䬸䬷䬽ㅪ៤䬺䭗䭚䎦䎦䎥䎤ၮḰ
䏚䏚䏚䎑䏆䏏䏌䏐䏄䏗䏈䎐䏖䏗䏄䏑䏇䏄䏕䏇䏖䎑䏒䏕䏊
•଻ోᵴേ䈮䉋䉎㓹↪䈱ഃ಴
•ᜬ⛯น⢻䈭ㄘᬺ䊶ᨋᬺ䈮ะ䈔
䈢ᛛⴚ⒖ォ䊶䇭⢻ജ㐿⊒
•ȈȪȗȫȷșȍȕǣȃȈ‫׹‬ǫȸȜȳʙಅƷ˖ဒȷܱ଀
→䫹ᬀᨋ䎒ౣᬀᨋ䎦䎧䎰੐ᬺ䬙䭗䭂᫪ᨋ଻⼔੐ᬺ
→䫹਎⇇㌁ⴕ䎥䏌䏒䎦䏄䏕䏅䏒䏑䎩䏘䏑䏇䬹䬸䬷䬽ㅪ៤䬹䬸
䎦䎬䭲䯃䮣䮺੐ᬺ䬺䬙䬠䭚ડᬺ䬷䬽ㅪ៤
䎦䎬䭲䯃䮣䮺੐ᬺ䬺䬙䬠䭚ડᬺ䬷䬽ㅪ៤
ડᬺ䬺䭗䭚ᦨㆡ䬹ข䭙⚵䭎䬽⠨䬗ᣇ
࠰ग़ჷɢҦȷɤᓛசஹ᫾Ჺ
'CTVJ
࠰ग़ჷɢҦȷɤᓛசஹ᫾Ჺ'CTVJ
䯂䎕䎓䎓䎘ᐕᗲ⍮ਁඳ䬺಴ዷ䬤䭛䭚ਃ⪉䭷䮲䯃䮞䬽䮘䮚䮱䭱䮺䬽ᑪ⸳䯂ㆇ༡䬺䬚䬚䭚
䎦䎲䎕ឃ಴㊂䭡䭱䮜䮂䮊䮏
䯂⚂䎖䎓䎓䎓䏗䬽䎦䎲䎕䭡䎦䎬䬽᫪ᨋ଻ో䬺䭗䭚䮏䮱䮞䮲䯂䭲䯃䮣䮺䯂䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬶䭱䮜䮂䮊䮏
䯂ਃ⪉㙚᧪㙚⠪䭇䬽䭶䮳䭿䮊䮏⽼ᄁ䭑ᬌ⸛
䯂ਁඳ䭡ㅢ䬧䬵䫺ᐢ䬞৻⥸䭇↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ䬽଻ో䬷᳇୥ᄌേ䬺䬳䬓䬵໪⊒
䯂⥄ਥ⊛䯴㕖䰏䰐䰙䯵䭶䮳䭿䮊䮏
䎔䎌 䮤䯃䮏䮜䭰䮱䭱䬺䭗䭚൮᜝⊛䬹᷷ᥦൻኻ╷ᚢ⇛
䎕䎌 䭯䮔䮲䭵䯃ല₸ൻ䬷䫺䬬䭛䬺઻䬕⾌↪೥ᷫಽ䬺䭗䭚䭗䭙
㕟ᣂ⊛䬹ឃ಴೥ᷫኻ╷䭇䬽ᛩ⾗䬽⚵䭎ว䭞䬪
ǯȩǤȡǤȈȷȈȩǹȈᅈ
Ტ቟‫׎‬ŴǪȬǴȳ߸Უ
䎖䎌 䭷䮱䯃䮺㔚ജ䬺䬳䬓䬵䭑䫺↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ䭓࿾ర䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪
䭇䬽⽸₂䬺㈩ᘦ
䯂䭱䮳䭻䮺Ꮊᴺ䬺䭗䭙䫺⊒㔚ᚲ䬛⊒↢䬤䬪䭚᷷ቶലᨐ䭳䮀䭡䭱䮜䮂䮊䮏
ȑȸȫȷǸȣȠųųȯȸȫȉȄǢȸ
䎗䎌 ೥ᷫ䬶䬜䬹䬓ឃ಴㊂⋧ᒰಽ䬺䬳䬓䬵䬾䫺↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ
䬽଻ో䫺ᜬ⛯น⢻䬹㐿⊒䭇䬽⽸₂䬹䬸䫺䬂䮥䮲䮈䯂䮠䮔
䮜䭪䮊䮏䬃䭡䭑䬮䭘䬨䬄䭺䮺䭼䮠䯃䭾䮮䮺䯂䭲䯃䮣䮺੐ᬺ䬅䬺䭗
䭚䭱䮜䮂䮊䮏
䯂 䰄䯼౏Ṷ䎒䎗䮽᦬䬺䭞䬮䭚䮶䯃䮲䮐䮋䭩䯃䬺䬚䬚䭚䰓䰔䰓ឃ಴ಽ䭡䭱䮜䮂䮊䮏
䯂䮗䮺䮐䮨䮺䮗䯃䯂䭶䮲䯃䯂ᯏ᧚╬䬽⒖േ䬷ṛ࿷䫺䭾䮮䯃䬶ᶖ⾌䬨䭚㔚ജ䫺ⷰቴ䬽⒖േ
䬺䬚䬚䭚䰓䰔䰓ឃ಴㊂䭡⸘▚䫹䰉䫹䎚䎏䎛䎓䎓䱀䎐䎦䎲䎕
䯂᫪ᨋ଻ో䯴㕖䎦䎧䎰䎌䬺䭗䮱䭱䮜䮂䮊䮏
)'%ᛦ௹ʙಅƴ
)'%ᛦ௹ʙಅƴ
Ǒǔ2&&
˺঺→
Ǒǔ2&&˺঺→
ȪdzȸᅈƱƷᡲઃ
― 103 ―
䯂䭯䭶䭩䮐䮲䬺䬙䬠䭚ౣᬀᨋ䎦䎧䎰੐ᬺ
䯂䎖䎓ᐕ㑆䬶⚂䎔䎙ਁ䏗䎐䎦䎲䎕䭡ๆ෼੍ቯ
䯂䎕䎓䎓䎘ᐕ䎙᦬䬺䎦䎧䎰ℂ੐ળ䬺ᣇᴺ⺰䬙䭗䭂䎳䎧䎧䭡ឭ಴ᷣ䯴⃻࿷ክᩏਛ䯵
ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ↝̖͌↗↞≢
↝̖͌↗↞≢
ဃཋ
ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ↝̖͌↗↞≢
ኺฎႎ̖͌Ჴ
᫢૰ȷእ஬Ʒ੩̓Ჵᢡˡ‫܇‬ȗȸȫᲵǨdzȄȸȪǺȠǛԃljȬǯȪǨȸǷȧ
ȳೞᏡƷ੩̓Ჵʚᣠ҄໗እԈӓȷ‫ܭ׍‬เ
ဃ७ኒǵȸȓǹᲴ
‫ٻ‬ൢ঺ЎƷᛦૢᲵൢͅƷᛦૢᲵ൦ឋ෋҄ȷ൦เ෪᫱Ჵᐯ໱໎ܹȷ‫ٓם‬ේ᫢
ƷዼᘔೞᏡᲵ ‫ٓם‬ဃ঺Ჵᑶብᢃ੿ᲵѣౡཋǁƷဃऒ‫ע‬Ʒ੩̓
‫̖͌נ܍‬Ჴ ų
ᅹ‫ܖ‬ႎŴ୎ᚇȷ‫ݙ‬፦ႎŴ૙ᏋႎŴ͒ྸȷ‫ܪ‬૙ႎ̖͌ƳƲ
ਤዓӧᏡƳ᧏ႆǁƷᝡྂ Ჷ %&/ƷႸႎᲛ
%&/ƷႸႎᲛ
ᵏώൢͅ‫٭‬ѣểဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ
ᵏώൢͅ‫٭‬ѣểဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ
ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ↗ᝢ‫׉‬
↗ᝢ‫׉‬
ဃཋ
ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ↗ᝢ‫׉‬
ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱồỉᏣ‫ی‬
ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱồỉᏣ‫ی‬
• ဃᚘ৖െƷ‫ٶ‬ಮ҄Ʊӓλೞ˟Ʒ‫ف‬ь
–
–
–
–
䯂ㄘ࿾䭇䬽࿯࿾೑↪ォ឵䫺ㇺᏒ㐿⊒䬽ㅴዷ䬺䭗䭚↢ᕷ࿾
䬽⎕უ
ᜬ⛯⊛䬹⥄ὼ⾗Ḯ▤ℂ
⥄ὼ⾗Ḯ䯂⾗↥䭇䬽䭩䭶䮂䮀䬽ᡷༀ
␠ળ䯴䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䎌⾗↥䬽⾰䯂㊂䬽ᡷༀ
ੱ⊛⾗Ḯ㐿⊒䭇䬽⽸₂
䯂ᄖ᧪⒳䯴⒖౉⒳䯵
䯂㘩ᢱ䭓⮎䫺䮡䮊䮏䬹䬸䭇䬽೑↪䭡⋡⊛䬷䬦䬮⁚⁸䯂ណข
• ͤࡍȷᘓဃཞ७Ʒોծ
– 䬜䭛䬓䬹᳓⾗Ḯ䬽⏕଻
– ⼾ን䬹㘩ᢱ䯂ᩕ㙃Ḯ䬽⏕଻
– ∔∛₸䬽ૐਅ䎒વ⛔⊛ක⮎䭇䬽䭩䭶䮂䮀
䯂㆑ᴺબណ
䯂᳇୥ᄌേ䬺䭗䭚↢ᕷⅣႺ䬽
⎕უ䭓ಽᢔൻ
• ᐯ໱໎ܹƴ‫ݣ‬ƢǔᏤࢊࣱƷોծ
– ᵩ᳓䫺᫪ᨋἫἴ䫺บ㘑䫺࿾Ṗ䭙䫺ᵤᵄ䬹䬸䬺ኻ䬨䭚㒐ᓮ
– ␠ળ䯂⚻ᷣⅣႺ䬽ᄌേ䬺ኻ䬨䭚㒐ᓮ
ൢͅ‫٭‬ѣ↗ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ↝᧙ᡲࣱ
ჷỤẵჷỤẵỉạẼỆ‫ڂ‬ỪủỦဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ
ჷỤẵჷỤẵỉạẼỆ‫ڂ‬ỪủỦဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ
¾ ో਎⇇䬶䯽ᐕ㑆䬺ឃ಴䬤䭛䭚᷷ቶല
ᨐ䭳䮀䯴䎪䎫䎪䎌䬽⚂䯽䎒䰁䬾䫺᫪ᨋᶖᄬ
䭓᫪ᨋ䬚䭘䬽࿯࿾೑↪ォ឵䬺ၮ䬴䬞
䯴⚂䰂䯼ం䱀䎐䎦䎲䎕䯵
ųžဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱƷ੷‫ڂ‬Ʊဃ७ኒƷ᧙̞ƸŴ᫠ᘍ
ೞƷ፶Ʊ፶ǛƱNJǔȜȫȈƷ᧙̞ƷǑƏƳNjƷ
ưƋǔŵ᳸̾ƷȜȫȈƕ৷ƚᓳƪƯNj‫ٻ‬Ơ
ƨƜƱƴƸƳǒƳƍƕŴ˂ƷȜȫȈƴ‫ݣ‬Ƣǔ᝟
ᒵƸჷǒƣჷǒƣƷƏƪƴᄩܱƴࢍLJǓŴƍƣ
ǕഏŷƱ৷ƚᓳƪƯƍƘƜƱƴƳǓƔƶƳƍŵ
ƦƏƢǕƹŴɟൢƴ፶ఌƕߐǕᓳƪŴೞ˳μ˳
ƕүƿLJǕǔ‫ृٻ‬ʙƱƳƬƯƠLJƏƩǖƏſ
Ტǹǿȳȕǩȸȉ‫ܖٻ‬ȝȸȫȷǢȸȪȃǯҦٟ
䫹→䫹䭩䮨䮱䭲䬽ᐕ㑆ឃ಴㊂䬺඘ᢜ
¾ ᫪ᨋ⎕უ䭡㒐ᱛ䬨䭚䬢䬷䬶䎪䎫䎪ឃ಴
䭡㒖ᱛ䬨䭚䬷䬷䭑䬺䫺ᬀᨋ䬺䭗䭚䎪䎫䎪
ๆ෼䬺䭗䬲䬵᳇୥ᄌേኻ╷䬽᦭ജ
䬹ᚻᲑ䬷䬹䭚
¾ ᳇୥ᄌേ䬽ㅴዷ䬺䭗䭙↢‛䬽↢ᕷ
ⅣႺ䬛ᡷᄌ
ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱỉᄊْỊɧӧᡞႎὲ
― 104 ―
Ⅴဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ∁⇩⇮⇟∃⇩⇮Ⅵ↝‫ٶ↝⅝׎‬ⅾⅻ⅚ൢͅ‫٭‬ѣ‫ݣ‬ሊ⅚ဃཋ‫ٶ‬
ಮࣱ̬μ⅚ᝢ‫׉‬Ъถ↚ӷ଺↚ᝡྂ↖ⅼ↺ӧᏡࣱ⇁ஊↈ↺
‫ᙹྶע‬೉բ᫆↞
Ⴛʝᡲ᧙ↆ↕ⅳ↺≆
᳇୥ᄌേ䈮㑐䈜䉎᡽ᐭ㑆䊌
䊈䊦 㩿㪠㪧㪚㪚㪀㩷╙㪊ᰴ⹏ଔႎ๔
ᦠ䋨㪫㪘㪩㪀䈮䉋䉏䈳䋺
䇭䇸᳇୥ᄌേ䈲䇮⁛┙䈚䈢໧㗴䈪䈲䈭䈒䇮ઁ䈱⥄ὼ
ἴኂ䉇࿾⃿ⅣႺ໧㗴䈫ኒធ䈮㑐ㅪ䈚䈩䈇䉎䇹
䇭䇸䋨࿾⃿ⅣႺ໧㗴䈮ଥ䉎䋩ฦ⒳࿖㓙᧦⚂㑆䈮䈍䈔
䉎⑼ቇ⊛䊶᡽╷⊛ㅪ៤䉕࿑䉍䇮ਇⷐ䈭䇺⽶䈱ᓇ㗀䇻䉕
࿁ㆱ䈚䇮ᄙ㊀⊛䈭ଢ⋉䈏ౕ⃻ൻ䈘䉏䉎䉋䈉䈭ข䉍⚵
䉂䈏䈭䈘䉏䉎䈼䈐䈪䈅䉎䇹
ൢͅ‫٭‬ѣ↗ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ↝᧙ᡲࣱ
↞ᅹ‫ܖ‬ႎ↚↱ᄩᛐↄ↻↕ⅳ↺
‵‶‿↝ችᅕ↗
↝ችᅕ↗‫ܭ‬፯
‫ܭ‬፯
‵‶‿
‵‶‿↝ችᅕ↗‫ܭ‬፯
ਤዓӧᏡ↙᧏ႆⅺ↸↝
ਤዓӧᏡ↙᧏ႆⅺ↸↝
″⁄‡‵‶‿
″⁄‡‵‶‿
ʮᣃᜭ‫୿ܭ‬
வųᲢ৷ቦᲣ
ʮᣃᜭ‫୿ܭ‬வųᲢ৷ቦᲣ
ȷЪถ‫׹‬%&/
ʙಅƷ‫ئ‬ӳŴƋǔᆉࡇƷငಅᨼᆢǍ
ȷЪถ‫׹‬%&/ʙಅƷ‫ئ‬ӳŴƋǔᆉࡇƷငಅᨼᆢǍ
ኺฎ᧏ႆȷ঺ᧈƕᙸᡂLJǕƯƍǔƜƱƕŴ৲᝻ͨƷ
வˑƱƠƯ᣻ᙲų→ųஇᝢ‫׎‬ưƷ৲᝻ʙಅƸ‫ݲ‬Ƴƍ
䯽䫹ૐឃ಴ဳ䬽㐿⊒䬽೙ᐲ䯴←䎦䎧䎰䬽౏ቯ⸶䯵䬺䬳䬓䬵䬢䬢䬺ቯ䭐䭚䫻
䯾䫹ૐឃ಴ဳ䬽㐿⊒䬽೙ᐲ䬾䫺㒝ዻᦠ䜓䬺ឝ䬡䭚✦⚂࿖એᄖ䬽✦⚂࿖䬛ᜬ⛯น⢻䬹㐿⊒䭡㆐ᚑ
䬦෸䭂᧦⚂䬽ⓥᭂ⊛䬹⋡⊛䬺⽸₂䬨䭚䬢䬷䭡ᡰេ䬨䭚䬢䬷ਗ䭂䬺㒝ዻᦠ䜓䬺ឝ䬡䭚✦⚂࿖䬛╙ਃ
᧦䬽ⷙቯ䬺ၮ䬴䬞ឃ಴䬽ᛥ೙෸䭂೥ᷫ䬺㑐䬨䭚ᢙ㊂ൻ䬤䭛䬮⚂᧤䬽ㆩ቞䭡㆐ᚑ䬨䭚䬢䬷䭡ᡰេ䬨䭚
䬢䬷䭡⋡⊛䬷䬨䭚䫻
ȷ#4%&/ʙಅƷ‫ئ‬ӳŴ
.&%᳭ưƋƬƯNj৲᝻‫ݣ‬
᳭ưƋƬƯNj৲᝻‫ݣ‬
#4%&/ʙಅƷ‫ئ‬ӳŴ.&%
ᝋƱƳǓƏǔ
䯿䫹ૐឃ಴ဳ䬽㐿⊒䬽೙ᐲ䬽ਅ䬶䫺
ȷƨƩƠŴૼƨƳ২ᘐᆆ᠃ƳƲƷјဇƸ‫ݲ‬ƳƍᲹ
䫹䎋䏄䎌䫹㒝ዻᦠ䜓䬺ឝ䬡䭚✦⚂࿖એᄖ䬽✦⚂࿖䬾䫺⹺⸽䬤䭛䬮ឃ಴೥ᷫ㊂䭡↢䬩䭚੐ᬺᵴേ䬚䭘
೑⋉䭡ᓧ䭚䫻
䫹䎋䏅䎌䫹㒝ዻᦠ䜓䬺ឝ䬡䭚✦⚂࿖䬾䫺╙ਃ᧦䬽ⷙቯ䬺ၮ䬴䬞ឃ಴䬽ᛥ೙෸䭂೥ᷫ䬺㑐䬨䭚ᢙ㊂ൻ䬤
䭛䬮⚂᧤䬽৻ㇱ䬽ㆩ቞䬺⾗䬨䭚䬮䭐䫺䎋䏄䎌䬽੐ᬺᵴേ䬚䭘↢䬩䭚⹺⸽䬤䭛䬮ឃ಴೥ᷫ㊂䭡䬢䬽⼏ቯ
ᦠ䬽✦⚂࿖䬽ળว䬷䬦䬵䬽ᓎഀ䭡ᨐ䬮䬨✦⚂࿖ળ⼏䬛᳿ቯ䬨䭚䬷䬢䭜䬺ᓥ䬲䬵↪䬓䭚䬢䬷䬛䬶䬜䭚䫻
ʙಅϋ᪸؏
੐ᬺ䉕ㅢ䈛䈢Ꮢ႐䊶
⵾ຠ䈱ⅣႺᕈ⢻䋨ឃ಴ේන૏䋩
䈱ะ਄䈭䈬
⚻༡䊶␠ળ䈱㕟ᣂ
ʙಅ‫ٳ‬᪸؏
䊶Ⓧᭂ⊛䈭␠ળ⽸₂ᵴേ
䊶Ⓧᭂ⊛䈭␠ળ⽸₂ᵴേ
䊶䊐䉞䊤䊮䉸䊨䊐䉞䊷
䊶䊐䉞䊤䊮䉸䊨䊐䉞䊷
␠ળ䊶ⅣႺ䈮䉅⽸₂䈜䉎
ᛩ⾗⊛䈭
CDM
␠ળ⽸₂ᵴേ
˖ ಅ˄ь̖͌
˖ಅ↝‵⁅⁄
ኺփ৆ဦ
˖ಅ↝‵⁅⁄ኺփ৆ဦ
䊶ᴺ઎㗅቞
䊶ᴺ઎㗅቞
䊶⥄Ꮖⷙ೙
䊶⥄Ꮖⷙ೙
ίᅈ˟Ὁ࿢‫ؾ‬Ệ‫ݣ‬ẴỦἧỵἿἏἧỵὊὸ
⥄␠䈱ડᬺᵴേ䈎䉌䈱
ડᬺ୶ℂ䊶⟵ോ
ឃ಴೥ᷫ
䊶ᶖᭂ⊛䈭␠ળ⽿છᵴേ
䊶ᶖᭂ⊛䈭␠ળ⽿છᵴേ
ឃ಴೥ᷫ⋡ᮡ㆐ᚑ
᜛ᄢડᬺ⽿છ
䈱䈢䉄䈱CDM
Ȫǹǯሥྸ
ૌNJƷ CSR ‫ܣ‬ǓƷ CSR
ᶝᆢಊႎᶞ
ᶝ፯Ѧႎᶞ
䊶ⅣႺ㈩ᘦဳ໡ຠ䈱㐿⊒
䊶ⅣႺ㈩ᘦဳ໡ຠ䈱㐿⊒
䊶ᴺ઎䈱వ䉕ⴕ䈒ⅣႺኻᔕ
䊶ᴺ઎䈱వ䉕ⴕ䈒ⅣႺኻᔕ
≕†
≕† ⇽∓⇞⇍⇕⇮↝ಒᙲ
⇽∓⇞⇍⇕⇮↝ಒᙲ
಴ᚲ䋩䇭㊁᧛✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ૞ᚑ䉕ၮ䈮╩⠪䈏ㅊട䊶ᄌᦝ
― 105 ―
ᣇᴺ⺰䯂PDD
䬽╷ቯ䬺䬑䬮䬲䬵
ᣇᴺ⺰䯂PDD䬽╷ቯ䬺䬑䬮䬲䬵
¾ 䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ฬ⒓䰆䫹䭯䭶䭩䮐䮲䬺䬙䬠䭚䬄䮏䮱䮞䮲䯂䮠
䮔䮜䭪䮊䮏ဳ䬅ౣᬀᨋ䎦䎧䎰੐ᬺ
¾ 䎳䎧䎧╷ቯ䬺䬑䬮䬲䬵䬽⺞ᩏౝኈ䰆䫹੐ᬺ࿾䬽ㆬቯ
䫺੐ᬺ࿾䬺㑐䬨䭚ฦ⒳ᖱႎ䬽෼㓸䯂ಽᨆ䫺䮢䮀䮏
࿖䬽᡽╷䯂೙ᐲ╬䬽ᛠី䫺ᣇᴺ⺰䬽㐿⊒䫺䮠䯃
䮀䮰䭫䮺䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬽⸳ቯ䬷ㅊടᕈ䬽ᬌ⸛䫺䎪䎫䎪ๆ
෼㊂䬽▚ቯ䫺ⅣႺ䯂␠ળᓇ㗀䬽ಽᨆ䫺࿾ర೑ኂ
㑐ଥ⠪䬷䬽ኻ⹤䫺࿯࿾ᚲ᦭ᮭ䬽⏕⹺䯂⏕ቯ䬹䬸
¾ ኻ⽎࿾ၞ䰆䫹䭯䭶䭩䮐䮲ർ⷏ㇱ䫺䮥䮈䭮䮈䮺䮎䮬䮲࿾
ၞ
¾ ⃻࿾⺞ᩏ䰆䫹⸘䎕࿁䯷䮘䯃䮏䮑䯃࿅૕╬䬛ᢙ࿁⃻
࿾౉䭙䫻䬤䭘䬺⃻࿾੐ോᚲ䫺⃻࿾䭺䮺䭼䮲䮆䮺䮏䬛
㗫❥䬺ኻ⽎࿾⸰໧
䮏䭬䮺䮠䮀䯂䮈䮮䭺䯂䮥䭷䮇䮳䮑䯂䮢䮊䮏䮀䮤䮊䮏䫹
䮢䮀䮏࿖䯂࿾ၞ䬽᭎ᴫ
ᾲᏪ䭩䮺䮎䮀䯂䮢䮊䮏䮀䮤䮊䮏
¾ ৻ੱᒰ䬮䭙䬽࿖᳃ᚲᓧ䰆䎇䎕䎏䎔䎔䎛䯴࿖᳃䬽⚂䎙䎘䯲䬛⽺࿎䮰䭫䮺એਅ䯵
¾ 䎪䎧䎳ᚑ㐳₸䬾䎕䎑䎚䯲䎋䎕䎓䎓䎖ᐕ䯵䫺䭫䮺䮜䮳₸䬾䎕䎑䎔䯲䯴䎕䎓䎓䎗ᐕ䯵
¾ ਥ䬹↥ᬺ䰆䫹⍹ᴤ䫺䮗䮑䮑䫺㙃ᱺ䭯䮚䫺↢⧎䫺ⷰశ䬹䬸
¾ ᧲ㇱ䬽䭩䮥䮅䮺᫪ᨋ࿾Ꮺ䫺ਛᄩㇱ䎙䎏䎓䎓䎓䏐⚖䬽䭩䮺䮎䮀࿾ၞ䫺ᄥᐔᵗ
ᴪጯ࿾ၞ䫺䭳䮰䮘䭻䮀⻉ፉ䬚䭘䬹䭙䫺ᄙ᭽䬹᳇୥Ꮺ䫺↢ᘒ♽䭡᦭䬨
¾ ᕆㅦ䬹᫪ᨋᷫዋ䬷ౣᬀᨋ䮤䮍䮺䭾䮪䮲䯴
䎖䎓䎓ਁ䏋䏄䫻䎬䎷䎷䎲⺞ᩏ䯵
¾ 䯾䬳䬽↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ䮢䮊䮏䮀䮤䮊䮏䬛੤䭞䭚࿾
ၞ
䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ౝኈ
䮢䮀䮏࿖䬽CDM
ฃ䬠౉䭛⁁ᴫ
䮢䮀䮏࿖䬽CDMฃ䬠౉䭛⁁ᴫ
¾
¾ 䎕䎓䎓䎓ᐕ䎔᦬䎔䎖ᣣ䬺੩ㇺ⼏ቯᦠ✦⚿
¾ 䎕䎓䎓䎖ᐕ䎗᦬䬺ⅣႺ⋭䭡䎧䎱䎤䬺ᜰቯ
¾ ࿖ኅ᳇୥ᆔຬળ䬛䫺䎧䎱䎤䬽䭊䬚䫺䎦䎧䎰ᛚ⹺ᯏ㑐䎋䎤䎧䎐䎰䎧䎯䯵䭓䎦䎧䎰
ផㅴᯏ㑐䯴䎦䎲䎵䎧䎨䎯䎬䎰䎌䭡⛔᜝
¾ 䎔䎜䎜䎕ᐕ䭗䭙ᬀᨋ䎦䎧䎰䬽น⢻ᕈ䭡ត䭚੐ᬺ䭡ฃ䬠౉䭛ታᣉ
¾ 䎕ઙ䬽᳓ജ⊒㔚䬺䭗䭚䎦䎧䎰੐ᬺ䬛᦭ലᕈክᩏਛ䯴䎖᦬ᧃᣣ⃻࿷䯵
¾
¾
¾
¾ 䎦䎧䎰䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬽䮢䮀䮏࿖䬷䬦䬵䬽ᛚ⹺
ᚻ⛯䬜䬺䬳䬓䬵䬾䫺䎕䎓䎓䎖ᐕ䎗᦬䬺ⅣႺ⋭
઎䎔䎙ภ䬷䬦䬵ᴺ઎ൻ
¾ 䎦䎧䎰੐ᬺ䬺䬙䬠䭚䎨䎬䎤䬽ᔅⷐᕈ䬺䬳䬓䬵
䬾䫺᡽ᐭ䬛ᬌ⸛ਛ
ⅣႺᄢ⤿䭇䬽੐ᬺ䮝䮱䯃䮜䭪䮺䭷 →
― 106 ―
䭯䭶䭩䮐䮲ർ⷏ㇱ䮥䮈䭮䮈䮺䮎䮬䮲࿾ၞ䬽᡼᫈䬤䭛䬮’⨲࿾䫺’⨲࿾䬙䭗䭂䭼䮏
䭭䭴䮚⇌䭡ਛᔃ䬷䬦䬮⚂䎘䎓䎓䏋䏄䬶䬽ౣᬀᨋ䎦䎧䎰੐ᬺ
ᬀᨋኻ⽎࿾ၞ䬾䫺ᐔမ࿾䬚䭘௑ᢳ䎘䎓䱊䎙䎓䎈䬺ㄭ䬓ᕆᢳ㕙䭍䬶฽䭍䭛䭚䫻䬨䭈
䬵䬽ౣᬀᨋ੍ቯ࿾䬾⥩ⵝ㆏〝䬚䭘䯾䭴䮴એౝ䬺૏⟎䬨䭚
↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ䬽଻ో䬺หᤨ䬺⽸₂䬨䭚੐ᬺ䬷䬨䭚䬢䬷䭡⋡⊛䬷䬦䫺䡾⃻࿾࿕᦭
⒳䭡฽䭏࿷᧪⒳䬺䭗䭚ᷙวᬀᨋ䯴䎔䎓䱊䯾䯼⒳䯵䫺䡿બណ䬺䭗䭚⚻ᷣ⊛䬹೑⋉
࿁෼䬾ⴕ䭞䬹䬓
䰸䎦䎨䎵䯴ᦝᣂ䬹䬦䬽䯿䯼ᐕ㑆䬽䭶䮳䭿䮊䮏ᦼ㑆䯵䭡ណ↪䫻⚂䎔䎘ਁ䏗䎐䎦䎲䎕䬽⚐ੱὑ
⊛ๆ෼㊂䭡੍ቯ
੐ᬺኻ⽎࿾䬽ㆡᩰᕈ
Fig. 1. 䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬺䭗䭚ੱὑ⊛ታ⾰GHG
Actual
net, baseline net and net GHGๆ෼㊂䯴
anthropogenic
GHG
removals
ๆ෼㊂䯴NAR
NAR䯵
䯵
䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬺䭗䭚ੱὑ⊛ታ⾰
䎔䎜䎛䎜ᐕ䎔䎕᦬䎖䎔ᣣ⃻࿷䫺᫪ᨋ䬶䬹䬚䬲䬮䬢䬷䬽⸽᣿
䫹䫹䫹→䫹⥶ⓨ౮⌀䫺࿾ᮭ⠪䬙䭗䭂๟ㄝ䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䬚䭘䬽⸽⸒⺞ᦠ䬺䭗䭙⏕⹺
᫪ᨋ䬷䬾䰆䡾ᦨૐ᮸౰₸䬛䎔䎓䱊䎖䎓䯲䫺䡿ᦨዊ㕙Ⓧ䬛䎓䎑䎓䎘䱊䎔䏋䏄䫺䢀ᦨૐ᮸
㜞䬛䎕䱊䎘䏐䫻䬬䭛䬭䭛䬽ၮḰ୯䬾䫺䮢䮀䮏࿖䬛᳿ቯ䬶䬜䭚
300 000
䫹䫹䫹→䫹䭯䭶䭩䮐䮲䬶䬾䫺䭍䬯ᦨ⚳᳿ቯ䬤䭛䬵䬓䬹䬓䭑䬽䬽䫺䎧䎱䎤䬶䬾䰆䡾ᦨૐ᮸౰₸䎖䎓䯲䫺
䡿ᦨዊ㕙Ⓧ䎔䏋䏄䫺䢀ᦨૐ᮸㜞䎘䏐䬷䬨䭚ᣇ㊎
250 000
200 000
⃻࿷䬾䫺䎨䎥䬛╷ቯ䬦䬮࿯࿾ㆡᩰᕈ䮍䮀䮏䯴䎯䏄䏑䏇䎃䎨䏏䏌䏊䏌䏅䏌䏏䏌䏗䏜䎃䎷䏈䏖䏗䯵䭡૶↪䬨䭚䬢
䬷䬛⟵ോઃ䬠䭘䭛䬵䬓䭚䫹䫹䫹
䫹䫹䫹→䫹䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏㐿ᆎᤨ䬺਄⸥䬄᫪ᨋ䬅䬶䬹䬓䬢䬷䫺䬬䭛䬛ੱὑ⊛ᵴേ䯴બណ䬹䬸䯵䫺⥄ὼ
tCO2e
¾
Baseline net
150 000
Project net
Net anthropogenic
100 000
ἴኂ䫺ᐜ᮸䬺䭗䭚䭑䬽䬶䬹䬓䬢䬷
䫹䫹䫹→䫹ౣᬀᨋ䬽႐ว䫺䎔䎜䎛䎜ᐕ䎔䎕᦬䎖䎔ᣣᤨὐ䬶䫺਄⸥䬄᫪ᨋ䬅䬶䬹䬓䬢䬷䫺䬬䭛䬛ੱὑ⊛
ᵴേ䯴બណ䬹䬸䯵䫺⥄ὼἴኂ䫺ᐜ᮸䬺䭗䭚䭑䬽䬶䬹䬓䬢䬷
䫹䫹䫹→䫹਄⸥䭡⸽᣿䬨䭚䬮䭐䬺䎋䏄䯵⥶ⓨ౮⌀䭓ⴡᤊ䮎䯃䮆䬷࿾਄䮎䯃䮆䬺䭗䭚⵬⿷䭍䬮䬾䫺䯴䏅
䯵࿾਄⺞ᩏ䯴࿯࿾೑↪⸘↹䫺࿯࿾೑↪⸵น䫺ᚲ᦭䯂࿯࿾೑↪⊓㍳⸥㍳䬹䬸䯵䭍䬮䬾䫺
䯴䏆䯵਄⸥䬛౉ᚻ䬶䬜䬹䬓႐ว䫺ෳടဳ⺞ᩏᚻᴺ䬺ೣ䬲䬮࿾ర೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪䬽⸽⸒⺞
ᦠ
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
8
10
6
0
50 000
4
¾
350 000
2
¾
-50 000
Crediting period
䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃ᦼ㑆䋨ᐕ䋩
䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ᒻᚑ䬺䬑䬮䬲䬵䬽䫹Lessons
䫹Learnt
䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ᒻᚑ䬺䬑䬮䬲䬵䬽䫹Lessons䫹
¾ ੐ᬺኻ⽎࿾ၞ䬽ㆬቯ䯂᳿ቯ䫹→䫹䎦䎧䎰䮲䯃䮲䬺ว⥌䬨䭚ㆡ࿾䬽⏕଻䬾࿎䫹
䫹䰊䫹䎛䎜ᐕ䮲䯃䮲䭡ḩ䬮䬨࿯࿾䬛㒢ቯ⊛䫹
䫹䰊䫹䎛䎜ᐕ䮲䯃䮲ว⥌䭡䬄⸽᣿䬅䬶䬜䭚࿯࿾䬾䬤䭘䬺㒢ቯ⊛䫹䯴→╙䎕䎕࿁䎦䎧䎰ℂ੐
ળ䯴䎨䎥䎕䎕䎌䬺䬙䬓䬵䫺ㆡ࿾್ቯ䮋䯃䮲䬛ណᛯ䫻䎳䎧䎧䬺䬙䬠䭚ห䮋䯃䮲䬽ㆡ↪䬛
⟵ോൻ䯵䫹
䫹䰊䫹䮏䮱䮞䮲䮠䮔䮜䭪䮊䮏ဳᬀᨋ੐ᬺ䬺⾥ห䬨䭚࿾ᮭ⠪䬾੹䬽䬷䬢䭜ዋᢙ䯴બណ䬺
䭗䭚⚻ᷣ⊛ଢ⋉䬛ᓧ䭘䭛䭚੐ᬺ䭡᳞䭐䭚䯵
¾ ╙䎔⚂᧤ᦼ㑆ਛ䬽䭶䮳䭿䮊䮏ഃ಴㊂䭡⠨䬗䭛䬿䫺ㆡ࿾䫺ᛩ⾗⠪䫺ᣇᴺ⺰૞ᚑ
䯂↳⺧䬹䬸䭡หᤨਗ೉⊛䬺ㅴⴕ䬤䬪䭚ᔅⷐ䬛䬑䭚䫹→䫹䮱䮀䭶ⷐ࿃
¾ 䎤䎵䎒䎦䎧䎰䬾䭍䬯㤡᣿ᦼ䬶䭑䬑䭙䫺䬹䭚䭈䬞ᄙ䬞䬽ኾ㐷ኅ䬹䬸䬷䬽ᗧ⷗੤឵䭡䬦䬹
䬛䭘ㅴ䭐䭚ᔅⷐ䬛䬑䭚䯴䎤䎵૞ᬺㇱળ䯴䎤䎵䎺䎪䎌䬶䬽⼏⺰䬽ᣇะᕈ䬽⏕⹺䫺ઁ䬽
䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬽⠨䬗ᣇ䭓ㅴ᝞⁁ᴫ䬹䬸䯵
ᾂώ૾ඥᛯỉ᧏ႆể
ᾂώ૾ඥᛯỉ᧏ႆể
ᵠᵪᚨ‫ܭ‬Ὁᡙьࣱ
ᵠᵪᚨ‫ܭ‬Ὁᡙьࣱ
ᣂⷙ䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺ᣇᴺ⺰䬽㐿⊒䬷↳⺧䬽⚻✲
䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺⸳ቯ䭇䬽䭩䮞䮴䯃䮈䯴M&P
䯵
䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺⸳ቯ䭇䬽䭩䮞䮴䯃䮈䯴M&P para.22
para.22䯵
¾ ᩺ઙᒻᚑ㐿ᆎ䫹䯴䎕䎓䎓䎕ᐕ䯵
¾ ੐ᬺኻ⽎࿾䬽ᄌᦝ䫹䯴䎕䎓䎓䎖ᐕ䯵
¾ 䎪䎨䎦⾗㊄䭡೑↪䬦䬵ᣂⷙᣇᴺ⺰䯴䎱䎰䎌䬙䭗䭂䎳䎧䎧㐿⊒㐿ᆎ䫹䯴䎕䎓䎓䎗
ᐕ䎚᦬䯵
¾ ੐ᬺኻ⽎࿾䬽ౣᄌᦝ䫹䯴䎕䎓䎓䎗ᐕ䯵
¾ 䎪䎨䎦⺞ᩏ䯴ᣂⷙᣇᴺ⺰䬽㐿⊒䯵ቢੌ䫹䯴䎕䎓䎓䎘ᐕ䎖᦬䯵
¾ 䎳䎧䎧㐿⊒ቢੌ䫹䯴䎕䎓䎓䎘ᐕ䎗᦬䯵
¾ 䎱䎰䬙䭗䭂䎳䎧䎧䬽ౝᄖ䬽ኾ㐷ኅ䬺䭗䭚䮈䭮䮊䭶䬷ᦨ⚳ൻ䫹䯴䎕䎓䎓䎘ᐕ䎘᦬䯵
¾ 䎱䎰䬙䭗䭂䎳䎧䎧䭡䎨䎥䭇↳⺧→䎤䎵䎱䎰䎓䎓䎔䎔䫹䯴䎕䎓䎓䎘ᐕ䎙᦬䯵
¾ 䎨䎥䬚䭘䎦್ቯ䯴ළਅ䯵䫹䯴䎕䎓䎓䎘ᐕ䎜᦬䯵
¾ 䎤䎵䎱䎰䎓䎓䎔䎓䬛ೋ䬽䎱䎰䬷䬦䬵ᛚ⹺䫹䯴䎕䎓䎓䎘ᐕ䎔䎕᦬䯵
¾ ୃᱜ䎱䎰䭡↳⺧䭇䫹䯴䎕䎓䎓䎙ᐕ䎖᦬䯵
䎤䎑 䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏Ⴚ⇇ౝ䬽὇⚛䮞䯃䮲䬺䬙䬠䭚⃻ⴕ䭍䬮䬾ᱧผ⊛䬹὇⚛࿕
ቯ㊂䬽ᄌൻ䫹→䫹⃻ⴕ䬽࿯࿾೑↪䬽⛮⛯
䎥䎑 䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏Ⴚ⇇ౝ䬽὇⚛䮞䯃䮲䬺䬙䬓䬵䫺ᦨ䭑⚻ᷣ⊛䬺㝯ജ⊛䬹࿯
࿾೑↪䬺䬙䬠䭚὇⚛࿕ቯ㊂䬽ᄌൻ䫹→䫹⚻ᷣ⊛⁁ᴫ䬺䭗䭚࿯࿾೑
↪䬽ᄌൻ
䎦䎑 䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏Ⴚ⇇ౝ䬽὇⚛䮞䯃䮲䬺䬙䬓䬵䫺੐ᬺ㐿ᆎᤨὐ䬶䭑䬲䬷䭑䬑
䭙ᓧ䭚࿯࿾೑↪䬺䬙䬠䭚὇⚛࿕ቯ㊂䬽ᄌൻ䫹→䫹⚻ᷣ⊛᧦ઙએᄖ
䯴ᣂⷙᴺ઎䬹䬸䬽ᣉⴕ䯵䬺䭗䭚࿯࿾೑↪䬽ᄌൻ
䝮䫹ᒰ⹥ᣇᴺ⺰䬶䬾䫺䭩䮞䮴䯃䮈䎥䭡ណ↪
― 107 ―
ᣂⷙ䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺ᣇᴺ⺰
䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬽⸳ቯ
¾ 䬄੐ᬺታᣉ䬺䬙䬠䭚⽷᡽⊛䮗䮱䭩䬚䭘ㅊടᕈ䭡᦭䬨䭚ᬀᨋ䯂ౣᬀᨋ੐
ᬺ䬽䬮䭐䬽䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺ᣇᴺ⺰䬅䭡㐿⊒䯂↳⺧
¾ ᏷ᐢ䬞ᬀᨋ䯂ౣᬀᨋ䰏䰐䰙੐ᬺ䬺ㆡ↪䬶䬜䭚᳢↪⊛䬹ᣇᴺ⺰
¾ ⽷᡽ಽᨆ䬺䬳䬓䬵䬾䫺৻⥸⊛䬹⽷᡽䯂ᛩ⾗ᜰᮡ䬛೑↪น⢻䯴䎬䎵䎵䫺
䎱䎳䎹䫺䎦䎒䎥䬹䬸䯵
¾ 䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺ᣇᴺ⺰䬺ၮ䬴䬜䫺ᦨ䭑⚻ᷣ⊛วℂᕈ䭡ᜬ䬳䭾䮑䮱䭱䭡䮠䯃
䮀䮰䭫䮺䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬷䬨䭚
¾ ઍᦧ䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬷䬦䬵䬾䫺䭼䮏䭭䭴䮚⇌䫺᡼’䯂’⨲࿾䫺᡼᫈
䬤䭛䬮᡼’䯂’⨲࿾䫺䮗䮑䮑⇌䭡ᗐቯ
¾ ኻ⽎䬷䬹䭚䭲䯃䮣䮺䮞䯃䮲䰆࿾਄䬙䭗䭂࿾ਅ䮗䭫䭱䮥䮀䫺⪭⪲⪭ᨑ䫺ᨗᱫ
ᧁ䫺࿯ფ᦭ᯏ‛
¾ 䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䫹↓
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎔䰆 䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ኻ⽎࿾ၞ䭡↢‛‛ℂ⊛䬹䭘䭂䬺␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛䬺ဋ৻䬹඙ಽ䬣䬷䬺ಽ㘃
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎕䰆䫹ฦ㓏ጀ䬣䬷䬺䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱᩺䭡฽䭐䬮䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬷䬹䭙䬕䭚࿯࿾೑↪
䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹ઍᦧ᩺䭡․ቯ
䫹䫹
䬄੹ᓟ䎖䎓ᐕ㑆䫺࿾ᮭ⠪䬺䭗䭚ㆊ෰䎔䎘
ᐕ㑆䬺䬙䬠䭚࿯࿾೑↪ᒻᘒ䯴䭼䮏䭭䭴
䮚⇌䫺’⨲࿾䫺᡼᫈䬤䭛䬮’⨲࿾䫺䮗
䮑䮑⇌䯵䬛ᜬ⛯䬨䭚䬅
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎖䰆䫹䬄䎤䎒䎵ㅊടᕈ䮋䯃䮲䯴䰏䰐䰙ℂ੐ળ䬺䭗䭚ㅊടᕈ䮋䯃䮲䭡䰍䰞ะ䬠䬺ᡷ⦟䬦䬮䭑䬽䯵䬅䭡
䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹೑↪䬦䬮䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬽ㅊടᕈ್ቯ
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎗䰆䫹⚻ᷣ⊛䬺ᦨㆡ䬹ઁ䬽࿯࿾೑↪䭾䮑䮱䭱䬽⏕ቯ
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎘䰆䫹䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬶䬽࿯࿾೑↪䬺䭗䭚䭲䯃䮣䮺䯂䮞䯃䮲ౝ䬽὇⚛⾂⫾䬽✚ᄌൻ㊂
䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䬷䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬶䬽✚὇⚛ឃ಴㊂䬽ቯ㊂ൻ
⁛⥄䬺ᡷ⦟䬦䬮ㅊടᕈ䮋䯃䮲䬽᭎ⷐ
䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬽ㅊടᕈ
¾ ೥ᷫ䎦䎧䎰↪䬺㐿⊒䬤䭛䬮ㅊടᕈ䮋䯃䮲䭡ᡷ⦟䯴䬬䬽ᓟ䎕䎓䎓䎘ᐕ䎚᦬䬺䬄
䎤䎵ㅊടᕈ䮋䯃䮲䬅䬛䎨䎥䬶ᛚ⹺䯵
ᡷ⦟䬦䬮ㅊടᕈ䮋䯃䮲䬽೑↪䬺䭗䭙䫺ᴺಽᨆ䯴䎛䎔ᐕᨋᬺᴺ䯵
䫺ᛩ⾗ಽᨆ䯴න⚐⾌↪ಽᨆ䯵䫺㘃ૃᵴേಽᨆ䫺ᛩ⾗䮗䮱䭩
ಽᨆ䫺⃻ⴕ࿯࿾೑↪ಽᨆ䬽ታᣉ
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎔䏄䰆䫹䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬺ઍᦧ䬨䭚࿯࿾೑↪䭾䮑䮱䭱䭡䯴ⶄᢙ䯵․ቯ䬨䭚
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎔䏅䰆䫹ᒰ⹥࿖䯂࿾ၞ䬽ㆡ↪ᴺ䯂ⷙ೙䭡ో䬵ḩ䬮䬨䬢䬷䯴ḩ䬮䬤䬹䬓႐ว䬺䬾䫺ᒰ⹥ᴺ䯂ⷙ೙䬛ᘠ↪
⊛䬺ၫⴕ䬤䭛䬵䬓䬹䬓䬢䬷䭡⸽᣿䬪䭗䫻ઁ䬺ㆡ↪ᴺ䯂ⷙ೙䭡ḩ䬮䬨䭾䮑䮱䭱䬛䬹䬓႐ว䬾ㅊട⊛䬶䬹䬓䯵
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎕䏄䰆䫹⽷ോಽᨆᚻᴺ䬽ㆬቯ䯴䡾න⚐⾌↪ಽᨆ䫺䡿ᛩ⾗Ყセಽᨆ䫺䢀䮠䮺䮈䮥䯃䭶ಽᨆ䬚䭘ㆬᛯ䯵
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎕䏅䰆䫹䎕䏄䬶ㆬቯ䬦䬮ᚻᴺ䬶⽷ോಽᨆ䭡ታᣉ䯴䡾䭡ㆬᛯ䬦䫺䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䭾䮑䮱䭱䬛䎦䎧䎰㑐ㅪ෼౉䬹䬦
䬶䬾⽷ോ⊛䬺ᚑ䭙┙䬮䬹䬓䬢䬷䬛⸽᣿䬤䭛䭛䬿䫺䮀䮍䮊䮞䎗䭇䯵
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎕䏆䰆䫹䡿䢀䭡ㆬᛯ䬦䬮႐ว䬺䬾䫺છᗧ䬽⽷ോᜰᮡ䯴䎬䎵䎵䫺䎱䎳䎹䬹䬸䯵䭡Ყセ
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎕䏇䰆䫹䡿䢀䭡ㆬᛯ䬦䬮႐ว䬺䬾䫺ᗵᐲಽᨆ䭡ታᣉ
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎖䏄䰆䫹䮗䮱䭩ಽᨆ䯹䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬽ታᣉ䭡㒖ኂ䬨䭚ⷐ࿃䬽․ቯ
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎖䏅䰆䫹․ቯ䬤䭛䬮㒖ኂⷐ࿃䬛䫺ઍᦧ䭾䮑䮱䭱䬽ታ⃻䭡㒖ኂ䬦䬹䬓䬢䬷䭡␜䬪
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎗䰆䫹䫹㘃ૃᵴേ䯴৻⥸ᘠⴕ䯵ಽᨆ䯹䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬷ห᭽䯴࿾ၞ䬛ห䬧䫺ห䬧䭗䬕䬹ᛛⴚ䭡೑
↪䫺ⷙᮨ䬛ห䬧䫺ห᭽䬽ᛩ⾗ⅣႺਅ䯵䬽ᘠⴕ䯂ᵴേ䭡ಽᨆ
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎘䰆䫹䎦䎧䎰⊓㍳䬺䭗䭚ᓇ㗀䯹䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬛䎦䎧䎰⊓㍳䬤䭛䭚䬢䬷䬺䭗䭙䫺䬸䬽䭗䬕䬺䮀䮍䮊䮞䯾䯸
䯿䬽㓚ኂ䭡ਸ਼䭙⿧䬗䭚䬚䭡␜䬨
䝮䫹ో䬵䭡ḩ䬮䬪䬿䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬾䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺䬶䬹䬓䯴䬳䭍䭙ㅊടᕈ䬛䬑䭚䯵
䬰䬹䭎䬺䫻䫻䫻䬄AR
ㅊടᕈ䮋䯃䮲䬅䬽᭎ⷐ
䬰䬹䭎䬺䫻䫻䫻䬄ARㅊടᕈ䮋䯃䮲䬅䬽᭎ⷐ
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎓䰆䫹੐ᬺ㐿ᆎᣣ䬺䭗䭚䮞䮱䱏䮀䭶䮱䯃䮒䮺䭷
䫹䮀䮍䮊䮞䎓䏄䰆䫹ኻ⽎࿾䬽ㆡᩰᕈ䫺੐ᬺ䬽ੱὑᕈ䬽⸽᣿䫹
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎔䰆䫹․ቯ䬤䭛䬮ઍᦧ䭾䮑䮱䭱䬽ᴺ䯂ⷙ೙䭇䬽ㆡวᕈ
䫹䮀䮍䮊䮞䎔䏄䰆䫹䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬽ઍᦧ᩺䭡ቯ⟵
䫹䮀䮍䮊䮞䎔䏅䰆䫹ㆡ↪䬤䭛䭚ᴺⷙ೙䬽ၫⴕ⁁ᴫ
䫹䮀䮍䮊䮞䎔䏆䰆䫹䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬽ㆬᛯ
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎕䰆䫹⽷ോಽᨆ
䫹䮀䮍䮊䮞䎕䏄䰆䫹⽷ോಽᨆᚻᴺ䬽ㆬቯ䯴䡾න⚐⾌↪ಽᨆ䫺䡿ᛩ⾗Ყセಽᨆ䫺䢀䮠䮺䮈䮥䯃䭶ಽᨆ䯵
䫹䮀䮍䮊䮞䎕䏅䰆䫹䎕䏄䬶ㆬቯ䬦䬮ᚻᴺ䬶⽷ോಽᨆ䭡ታᣉ䯴䡾䭡ㆬᛯ䬦䫺䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䭾䮑䮱䭱䬛䎦䎧䎰㑐ㅪ෼౉䬹
䬦䬶䬾⽷ോ⊛䬺ᚑ䭙┙䬮䬹䬓䬢䬷䬛⸽᣿䬤䭛䭛䬿䫺䮀䮍䮊䮞䎗䭇䯵
䫹䮀䮍䮊䮞䎕䏆䰆䫹䡿䢀䭡ㆬᛯ䬦䬮႐ว䬺䬾䫺છᗧ䬽⽷ോᜰᮡ䯴䎬䎵䎵䫺䎱䎳䎹䬹䬸䯵䭡Ყセ
䫹䮀䮍䮊䮞䎕䏇䰆䫹䡿䢀䭡ㆬᛯ䬦䬮႐ว䬺䬾䫺ᗵᐲಽᨆ䭡ታᣉ
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎖䰆䫹䮗䮱䭩ಽᨆ
䫹䮀䮍䮊䮞䎖䏄䰆䫹੐ᬺታᣉ䭡㒖ኂ䬨䭚ⷐ࿃䬽․ቯ䯴ᛩ⾗䫺೙ᐲ䫺ᛛⴚ䫺⃻࿾․᦭䬽ᘠⴕ䫺↢ᘒ⊛䬹䬸䯵
䫹䮀䮍䮊䮞䎖䏅䰆䫹․ቯ䬤䭛䬮㒖ኂⷐ࿃䬛䫺ઍᦧ䭾䮑䮱䭱䬽ታ⃻䭡㒖ኂ䬦䬹䬓䬢䬷䭡␜䬪
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎗䰆䫹䎦䎧䎰⊓㍳䬺䭗䭚ᓇ㗀
䝮䫹ో䬵䭡ḩ䬮䬪䬿䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬾䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺䬶䬹䬓䯴䬳䭍䭙ㅊടᕈ䬛䬑䭚䯵
䡾䫹䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䯴࿕᦭⒳䯂࿷᧪⒳䬺䭗䭚ᷙวᬀᨋ䯵䬛䫺᣿
䫹䫹䫹䭘䬚䬺䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬷⇣䬹䭚
䡿䫹䎦䎧䎰䬺㑐ㅪ䬨䭚෼౉䬛䬹䬠䭛䬿⚻ᷣ⊛วℂᕈ䭡ᰳ䬞
䢀䫹ኻ⽎࿾ၞ๟ㄝ䬙䭗䭂䭯䭶䭩䮐䮲࿖ౝ䬶䬾䫺䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱
䫹䫹䫹䬽䭗䬕䬹ⅣႺᬀᨋ䬾䭊䬷䭢䬸଀䬛䬹䬓
䢁䫹᣿䭘䬚䬺䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䬷Ყ䭈䬵䎪䎫䎪ๆ෼㊂䬶਄࿁䭚
䮱䯃䭸䯃䭿
¾ ᧄ䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬶䬾Ⴚ⇇ᄖ䬶䬽Άᢱᶖ⾌䬺䭗䭚὇⚛ឃ಴䬾ో䬵ᧄ䮞䮴
䭿䭮䭶䮏䬺฽䭍䭛䭚䬷䬦䬵ోΆᢱ૶↪㊂䬺ౝㇱൻ
¾ ଻⼔ᨋ䬽▤ℂ䬷⋙ⷞ䬺䬚䬚䭚ੱઙ⾌䭡⾔䬕䬮䭐䬺䭼䮏䭭䭴䮚⇌䬷‐᡼’
䬺䭗䬲䬵ᓧ䬵䬓䭚⃻࿷䬽෼౉䭡䎦䎨䎵ᄁළ䬺䭗䭚෼⋉䬶⵬ఘ䬨䭚䬽䬶䫺࿾
ᮭ⠪䬛䬢䬕䬦䬮⚻ᷣᵴേ䬽႐䭡䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏Ⴚ⇇ᄖ䭇⒖ォ䬨䭚䬷䬓䬕ᒻ䬽
䮱䯃䭸䯃䭿䬾⊒↢䬦䬹䬓
ੱ⊛ታ⾰GHG
ๆ෼㊂
ੱ⊛ታ⾰GHGๆ෼㊂
ੱὑ⊛ታ⾰䰓䰔䰓ๆ෼㊂䫹䎠䎃
䫹䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ๆ෼㊂ – 䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺ๆ෼㊂
ੱὑ⊛ታ⾰䰓䰔䰓ๆ෼㊂䫹䎠䎃䫹䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ๆ෼㊂
䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹–
䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹– 䮱䯃䭸䯃䭿
=‫ޓ‬320,117 tCO2‫ޓ–ޓ‬153,011 tCO2‫ޓ–ޓ‬0 tCO2‫ޓ‬
=‫ޓ‬167,106 tCO2
― 108 ―
䮩䮒䮆䮱䮺䭷ᣇᴺ⺰
Fig. 1. 䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬺䭗䭚ੱὑ⊛ታ⾰GHG
Actual
net, baseline net and net GHGๆ෼㊂䯴
anthropogenic
GHG
removals
ๆ෼㊂䯴NAR
NAR䯵
䯵
䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬺䭗䭚ੱὑ⊛ታ⾰
¾ 䬄ᬀᨋ䯂ౣᬀᨋᵴേ䬽䬮䭐䬽䫺৻⥸ൻ䬤䭛䬮䮩䮒䮆䮱䮺䭷ᣇᴺ⺰䬅䭡㐿⊒
䯂↳⺧
¾ 䰎䰘ᣇᴺ⺰䬷ห᭽䬺䫺᳢↪⊛䬹ᣇᴺ⺰䬽㐿⊒䭡⋡ᜰ䬦䬮
¾ 䰕䰜䰏䰏䬄 䎯䎸䎯䎸䎦䎩ఝ⦟੐଀ᜰ㊎䯴䎪䎳䎪䯵䬅䬺Ḱ᜚
¾ ኻ⽎䬷䬹䭚䭲䯃䮣䮺䮞䯃䮲䰆࿾਄䬙䭗䭂࿾ਅ䮗䭫䭱䮥䮀䫺⪭⪲⪭ᨑ䫺ᨗᱫ
ᧁ䫺࿯ფ᦭ᯏ‛
350 000
300 000
250 000
tCO2e
200 000
Baseline net
150 000
Project net
Net anthropogenic
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎔䰆 䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ኻ⽎࿾ၞ䭡↢‛‛ℂ⊛䬹䭘䭂䬺␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛䬺ဋ৻䬹඙ಽ䬣䬷䬺ಽ㘃
100 000
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎕䰆䫹ฦ㓏ጀ䭡චಽ䭲䮗䯃䬦䫺ઍ⴫䬨䭚䭼䮺䮞䮲䮞䮴䮊䮏䬽ㆬቯ䬷䮗䭫䭱䮥䮀䬽᷹ቯ
50 000
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎖䰆䫹䎬䎳䎦䎦䎒䎪䎳䎪䬹䬸䬺ᓥ䬓䫺὇⚛䮗䭫䭱䮥䮀Ყ䯴䎦䎥䎵䯵䬚䭘὇⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䭡ផ⸘
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
8
12
6
10
4
2
0
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎗䰆䫹ฦ㓏ጀ䬽න૏㕙Ⓧ䬑䬮䭙䬽὇⚛⫾Ⓧ㊂䭡▚಴䬦䫺䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ో૕䬽⫾Ⓧ㊂䭡ផ⸘
䮀䮍䮊䮞䎘䰆䫹䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏Ⴚ⇇ౝ䬶䬽੐ᬺ⿠Ḯ䬽䎪䎫䎪ឃ಴㊂䬽᷹ቯ䯴ൻ⍹Άᢱ䬽૶↪䫺ᣉ⢈䫺䫹
䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹㔀⨲䬽ಣℂ䬹䬸䬺઻䬕ឃ಴䯵
-50 000
Crediting period
䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃ᦼ㑆䋨ᐕ䋩
AR/CDMȷ
ᲣƷ‫ݙ‬௹ཞඞ
AR/CDMȷૼᙹ૾ඥᛯᲢNM
ૼᙹ૾ඥᛯᲢNMᲣ
ᲧƜƜLJưƷLJƱNJᲢ05
࠰12உ஛ྵ‫נ‬Უ
ƜƜLJưƷLJƱNJᲢ05࠰
12உ஛ྵ‫נ‬Უ
•䫹䬢䭛䭍䬶䬺ឭ಴䬤䭛䬮ᣂⷙᣇᴺ⺰䬾䫺䎔䎚ઙ
•䫹䬬䬽䬕䬰䫺䯽ઙ䬯䬠䬛ᛚ⹺䯴䎤䎵䎱䎰䎓䎓䎔䎓䎃“䎵䏈䏉䏒䏕䏈䏖䏗䏄䏗䏌䏒䏑䎃䏒䏉䎃
䏇䏈䏊䏕䏄䏇䏈䏇䎃䏏䏄䏑䏇”䯵䫻䰃ઙ䬛䎤䎵䎺䎪䬺䭗䭙ᬌ⸛ਛ䫻䎜ઙ䬛ළਅ䯴䎦䎬䬽
ᣇᴺ⺰䎤䎵䎱䎰䎓䎓䎔䎔䭑䎦್ቯ䭡ฃ䬠䬮䯵
•䫹ዊⷙᮨ䎦䎧䎰䯴䎶䎶䎦䰉ᐕ䎛䎏䎓䎓䎓એਅ䫺䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䬽㑐ਈ䬺䭗䭚
੐ᬺ䯵䬺䬳䬓䬵䬾䫺ᮡḰᣇᴺ⺰䭡ណᛯ䫹→䫹⨲࿾䬙䭗䭂ㄘ࿾䬶
䬽ᬀᨋ䬽䭎䫻⠹૞૞ᬺ䬾฽䭍䬹䬓
ᾃώᵡᵢᵫᵍᵣᵠỆợỦ
ᾃώᵡᵢᵫᵍᵣᵠỆợỦ
૾ඥᛯỉ‫ݙ‬௹
ૼᙹ૾ඥᛯᲠPDD
Ʒ‫ݙ‬௹ȗȭǻǹ
ૼᙹ૾ඥᛯᲠPDDƷ‫ݙ‬௹ȗȭǻǹ
ƜǕLJưƷARWG
ƴǑǔᚸ̖ƔǒƷᅆՐ
ƜǕLJưƷARWGƴǑǔᚸ̖ƔǒƷᅆՐ
ᲢCЙ‫ܭ‬ǛӖƚƨARNM
ƴƓƚǔբ᫆ໜᲣ
Й‫ܭ‬ǛӖƚƨARNMƴƓƚǔբ᫆ໜᲣ
䡾䎧䎲䎨䯴ᜰቯㆇ༡ᯏ㑐䯵䭡ㅢ䬧䬵䫺䎦䎧䎰䎒䎨䎥䬺↳⺧
•䫹ឭ᩺䬦䬵䬓䭚䎱䎰䬽ㆡ↪▸࿐䭓᧦ઙ䬛᣿⏕䬶䬹䬓
䡿䮎䮀䭶䮳䮚䮬䯃䭩䯃䯴䎤䎵䎺䎪䬛ㆬቯ䬦䬮ኾ㐷ኅ䯵䎕ฬ䬺䭗䭚⹏ଔ
•䫹੐ᬺႺ⇇䬛᣿⏕䬶䬹䬓
•䫹ኻ⽎࿾䬽ㆡᩰᕈ್ቯ䬛චಽ䬶䬹䬓
•䫹ㅊടᕈ䬽್ቯ䬛චಽ䬶䬹䬓
•䫹὇⚛䮞䯃䮲䬽ㆬቯ䬛ਇㆡಾ
䢀䮎䮀䭶䮳䮚䮬䯃䭩䯃䬺䭗䭚䮳䭺䮨䮺
䢁䎤䎵䎺䎪䬛䢀䭡ฃ䬠䬵⹏ଔ䭡᳿ቯ䬦䫺䎨䎥䬺ኻ䬦䬵䮳䭺䮨䮺䫹䯴
䎤䎵䎺䎪䬺䬾䫺䎨䎥䮨䮺䮗䯃䬛䎕ฬ౉䬲䬵䬓䭚䯵
•䫹⚐ੱὑ⊛ๆ෼㊂䯴䎱䎤䎵䎌䬽⸘▚䬛ਇㆡಾ䯴䎦䎲䎕એᄖ䬽䎪䎫䎪䎌
䢂䎨䎥䬛䢁䭡ฃ䬠䬵䫺ᦨ⚳⊛䬹⹏ଔ䭡᳿ቯ䫹䯴䎨䎥䮨䮺䮗䯃䬾ᔅ䬩
䬦䭑䎤䎵䬽ኾ㐷ኅ䬶䬾䬹䬓䯵
•䫹䮱䯃䭸䯃䭿䬽⸳ቯ䯂⹏ଔ䯂⸘᷹䬛ਇචಽ䯂ਇㆡಾ
•䫹ਇ⏕ታᕈ䭇䬽ኻᔕ䬛ਇචಽ
•䫹ౣឭ಴䬽㓙䬺䫺ో䬵䬽ᜰ៰੐㗄䬺ኻᔕ䬶䬜䬵䬓䬹䬓
― 109 ―
ƜǕLJưƷARWG
ƴǑǔᚸ̖ƔǒƷᅆՐᲧμᑍƴ᧙Ƣǔʙ᪮
ƜǕLJưƷARWGƴǑǔᚸ̖ƔǒƷᅆՐᲧμᑍƴ᧙Ƣǔʙ᪮
ᲢMartin Enderlin ARWGᜭᧈƷȗȬǼȳǑǓᲣ
ARWGᜭᧈƷȗȬǼȳǑǓᲣ
•䫹䎱䎰䬾䮭䯃䭽䯃ᜰะ䬶䬹䬠䭛䬿䬹䭘䬹䬓
•䫹◲ẖ䯴䬹䭚䭈䬞⍴䬞䯵䫺ታ㓙⊛䫺ಽ䬚䭙䭓䬨䬞ᦠ䬚䭛䬵䬓䬹䬠䭛䬿
䬹䭘䬹䬓
•䫹ㅘ᣿ᕈ䬽⏕଻
•䫹䮀䮍䮊䮞䯂䮗䭫䱏䮀䮍䮊䮞䯴“䏆䏒䏒䏎䏅䏒䏒䏎䎃䏐䏄䏑䏑䏈䏕”䯵䬶䬽⸥ㅀ䯂⺰ᴺ
䬛ᦸ䭍䬦䬓
•䫹↪⺆䬹䬸䬾䫺䬄䎦䎧䎰↪⺆䬅䭡ᱜ䬦䬞૶↪䬨䭚䬢䬷䬛೨ឭ
ƜǕLJưƷARWG
ƴǑǔᚸ̖ƔǒƷᅆՐ
ƜǕLJưƷARWGƴǑǔᚸ̖ƔǒƷᅆՐ
ųųųųᲧૼᙹ૾ඥᛯƷ᧏ႆƴƋƨƬƯƷදॖໜᲧ
Ტɭမ᤼ᘍȐǤǪ໗እؕ᣿ȯȸǯǷȧȃȗǑǓᲣ
•䫹䬶䬜䭚䬯䬠◲ẖ䬺䯴◲න䬺䬶䬾䬹䬞䯵
•䫹ో䬵䬽㗄⋡䬺ኻᔕ䬨䭚䬢䬷
•䫹ᣢ䬺⸥ㅀ䬦䬮੐㗄䯂ౝኈ䫺ઁ䬽䎤䎰䬹䬸䬚䭘ᒁ↪䬨䭚㓙䬾䫺㊀
ⶄ䬦䬹䬓䭗䬕䬺䬨䭚
•䫹䭾䮀䮍䮥䮈䮊䭶䬺⸥ㅀ䬨䭚䯴䎦䏒䏒䏎䎃䏅䏒䏒䏎䎃䏖䏗䏜䏏䏈䯵
•䫹ઁ䬽䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏㐿⊒⠪䬛૶䬗䭚䭗䬕䬹䭑䬽䬶䬹䬠䭛䬿䬹䭘䬹䬓
䯴⥄ಽ䬽䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䫺࿾ၞ䬯䬠䬺ㆡ↪น⢻䬶䬾䮇䮨䯵
•䫹⹦⚦䬹ਇ⏕ታᕈಽᨆ䭡䬨䭚䭗䭙䫺଻቞⊛䬹ផ⸘䬽ᣇ䬛ᭉ䰋
•䫹䎨䎥䬽䎤䎵ㅊടᕈ䮋䯃䮲䭡૶䬗
•䫹⋭䬞὇⚛䮞䯃䮲䬛䬑䭚႐ว䬺䬾䫺䬬䭛䬺䭗䭙⚐ੱὑ⊛ๆ෼㊂
䬛Ⴧ䬗䬹䬓䬢䬷䭡␜䬨䭈䬜
•䫹䎦䎲䎳᳿ቯ䫺䎦䎧䎰ㆇ↪⚦ೣ䯴䏇䏈䏆䎔䎜䎒䎦䎳䎜䰉䎰䏒䏇䏄䏏䏌䏗䏌䏈䏖䫹䎉䫹
䎳䏕䏒䏆䏈䏇䏘䏕䏈䏖䰉䎰䎉䎳䯵䫺䬬䬽ઁ䎨䎥䭳䭫䮇䮺䮀䬹䬸䬽ೣ䬲䬵䬓䭚䬢䬷
‵※ⅻ੩కↆ↎
″⁄⁀‿••‣‣↧↝
↧↝‷‴
‷‴ᚸ̖
ᚸ̖‚‣‛
‚‣‛
‵※ⅻ੩కↆ↎″⁄⁀‿••‣‣
‵※ⅻ੩కↆ↎
″⁄⁀‿••‣‣↧↝
↧↝‷‴
‷‴ᚸ̖
ᚸ̖‚․‛
‚․‛
‵※ⅻ੩కↆ↎″⁄⁀‿••‣‣
≋“‴⁓⁥⁗⁞⁛⁠⁗‒ ⁗⁦⁚⁡⁖⁡⁞⁡⁙‒⁘⁡⁤‒⁓⁘⁘⁡⁤⁗⁥⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠
‴⁓⁥⁗⁞⁛⁠⁗‒ ⁗⁦⁚⁡⁖⁡⁞⁡⁙‒⁘⁡⁤‒⁓⁘⁘⁡⁤⁗⁥⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠ ⁡⁤‒⁤⁗⁘⁡⁤⁗⁥⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠‒⁢⁤⁡⁜⁗⁕⁦‒⁓⁕⁦⁛⁨⁛⁦⁛⁗⁥‒
⁦⁚⁓⁦‒⁓⁤⁗‒⁓⁖⁖⁛⁦⁛⁡⁠⁓⁞‒⁖⁧⁗‒⁦⁡‒⁘⁛⁠⁓⁠⁕⁛⁓⁞‒⁔⁓⁤⁤⁛⁗⁤⁥‒⁦⁡‒⁦⁚⁗⁛⁤‒⁛ ⁢⁞⁗ ⁗⁠⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠
⁦⁚⁓⁦‒⁓⁤⁗‒⁓⁖⁖⁛⁦⁛⁡⁠⁓⁞‒⁖⁧⁗‒⁦⁡‒⁘⁛⁠⁓⁠⁕⁛⁓⁞‒⁔⁓⁤⁤⁛⁗⁤⁥‒⁦⁡‒⁦⁚⁗⁛⁤‒⁛ ⁢⁞⁗ ⁗⁠⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠””≌
≋“‴⁓⁥⁗⁞⁛⁠⁗‒ ⁗⁦⁚⁡⁖⁡⁞⁡⁙‒⁘⁡⁤‒⁓⁘⁘⁡⁤⁗⁥⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠
‴⁓⁥⁗⁞⁛⁠⁗‒ ⁗⁦⁚⁡⁖⁡⁞⁡⁙‒⁘⁡⁤‒⁓⁘⁘⁡⁤⁗⁥⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠ ⁡⁤‒⁤⁗⁘⁡⁤⁗⁥⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠‒⁢⁤⁡⁜⁗⁕⁦‒⁓⁕⁦⁛⁨⁛⁦⁛⁗⁥‒
⁦⁚⁓⁦‒⁓⁤⁗‒⁓⁖⁖⁛⁦⁛⁡⁠⁓⁞‒⁖⁧⁗‒⁦⁡‒⁘⁛⁠⁓⁠⁕⁛⁓⁞‒⁔⁓⁤⁤⁛⁗⁤⁥‒⁦⁡‒⁦⁚⁗⁛⁤‒⁛ ⁢⁞⁗ ⁗⁠⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠
⁦⁚⁓⁦‒⁓⁤⁗‒⁓⁖⁖⁛⁦⁛⁡⁠⁓⁞‒⁖⁧⁗‒⁦⁡‒⁘⁛⁠⁓⁠⁕⁛⁓⁞‒⁔⁓⁤⁤⁛⁗⁤⁥‒⁦⁡‒⁦⁚⁗⁛⁤‒⁛ ⁢⁞⁗ ⁗⁠⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠””≌
ਥ䬹ᜰ៰ὐ
•䫹੐ᬺ࿾䬶䬽᷹ቯ୯䯂䮎䯃䮆䬽૶↪䬛ᔅⷐ
•䫹⚻ᷣᕈ⹏ଔ䬛ਇචಽ䯴䭺䮀䮏ಽᨆ䬽䭎䯵
•䫹Ⴚ⇇ᄖ䭇⒖േ䬨䭚ᵴേ䯴䏄䏆䏗䏌䏙䏌䏗䏜䎃䏇䏌䏖䏓䏏䏄䏆䏈䏐䏈䏑䏗䯵䬺䭗䭚䮱䯃䭸䯃䭿
⹏ଔ䬛ᔅ㗇䫻䬮䬷䬗䬿Ꮢ႐૞↪䬺䭗䭚䮱䯃䭸䯃䭿䬾ή䬓䬽䬚䰋䯴ή䬓
䬽䬶䬑䭛䬿䫺䬬䭛䭡චಽ┙⸽䬨䭈䬜䯵
•䫹ਇ⏕ታᕈ⹏ଔ䬛ਇචಽ
•䫹૶↪䬦䬵䬓䭚᫪ᨋ䮩䮎䮲䬶䬾䫺ㄘ࿾䫺᡼’࿾䬚䭘䬽䎪䎫䎪ឃ಴䭓⢈
ᢱ૶↪䭡ㆡᩰ䬺ផ⸘䬶䬜䬹䬓䬽䬶䬾
•䫹䮩䮎䮲䬺䭗䭚䎪䎫䎪ๆ෼㊂ផ⸘୯䬷ታ᷹࿾䬽Ყセ⹏ଔ䬺䭗䭚ା㗬
ᐲ䮈䭮䮊䭶
䎦್ቯ䯴ළਅ䯵
ో૕⊛䬹䎶䏗䏕䏈䏑䏊䏗䏋
•䫹᳢↪⊛䬺ᚑ䭙䬕䭚䯴․䬺ో䬵䬽὇⚛䮞䯃䮲䬺ኻᔕ䯵
ో૕⊛䬹䎺䏈䏄䏎䏑䏈䏖䏖
•䫹᳢↪⊛䬨䬝䭚䯴੐ᬺ䯂੐ᬺ࿾䬺හ䬦䬮䮎䯃䮆䭡䭑䬲䬷૶䬕䭈䬜䯵
•䫹৻ᣇ䬶䫺᳢↪⊛䬶䬹䬓ㇱಽ䭑䬑䭚䯴᫪ᨋ䮩䮎䮲䬛᳢↪⊛䬶䬹䬓䫺䮎
䯃䮆䬽౉ᚻน⢻ᕈ䭡ൊ᩺䬨䭛䬿ታ㓙䬺䬾㒢䭘䭛䬮੐ᬺ䬺䬦䬚ㆡ↪䬶
䬜䬹น⢻ᕈ䬑䭙䯵
•䫹⺑᣿ਇ⿷
•䫹ㆡ↪᧦ઙ䬛ਇචಽ䯴䮱䯃䭸䯃䭿䬺㑐䬨䭚ㇱಽ䬹䬸䯵
‵※ⅻ੩కↆ↎
″⁄⁀‿••‣‣↧↝
↧↝‷‴
‷‴ᚸ̖
ᚸ̖‚‥‛
‚‥‛
‵※ⅻ੩కↆ↎″⁄⁀‿••‣‣
‵※ⅻ੩కↆ↎
″⁄⁀‿••‣‣↧↝
↧↝‷‴
‷‴ᚸ̖
ᚸ̖‚…‛
‚…‛
‵※ⅻ੩కↆ↎″⁄⁀‿••‣‣
≋“‴⁓⁥⁗⁞⁛⁠⁗‒ ⁗⁦⁚⁡⁖⁡⁞⁡⁙‒⁘⁡⁤‒⁓⁘⁘⁡⁤⁗⁥⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠
‴⁓⁥⁗⁞⁛⁠⁗‒ ⁗⁦⁚⁡⁖⁡⁞⁡⁙‒⁘⁡⁤‒⁓⁘⁘⁡⁤⁗⁥⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠ ⁡⁤‒⁤⁗⁘⁡⁤⁗⁥⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠‒⁢⁤⁡⁜⁗⁕⁦‒⁓⁕⁦⁛⁨⁛⁦⁛⁗⁥‒
⁦⁚⁓⁦‒⁓⁤⁗‒⁓⁖⁖⁛⁦⁛⁡⁠⁓⁞‒⁖⁧⁗‒⁦⁡‒⁘⁛⁠⁓⁠⁕⁛⁓⁞‒⁔⁓⁤⁤⁛⁗⁤⁥‒⁦⁡‒⁦⁚⁗⁛⁤‒⁛ ⁢⁞⁗ ⁗⁠⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠
⁦⁚⁓⁦‒⁓⁤⁗‒⁓⁖⁖⁛⁦⁛⁡⁠⁓⁞‒⁖⁧⁗‒⁦⁡‒⁘⁛⁠⁓⁠⁕⁛⁓⁞‒⁔⁓⁤⁤⁛⁗⁤⁥‒⁦⁡‒⁦⁚⁗⁛⁤‒⁛ ⁢⁞⁗ ⁗⁠⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠””≌
≋“‴⁓⁥⁗⁞⁛⁠⁗‒ ⁗⁦⁚⁡⁖⁡⁞⁡⁙‒⁘⁡⁤‒⁓⁘⁘⁡⁤⁗⁥⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠
‴⁓⁥⁗⁞⁛⁠⁗‒ ⁗⁦⁚⁡⁖⁡⁞⁡⁙‒⁘⁡⁤‒⁓⁘⁘⁡⁤⁗⁥⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠ ⁡⁤‒⁤⁗⁘⁡⁤⁗⁥⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠‒⁢⁤⁡⁜⁗⁕⁦‒⁓⁕⁦⁛⁨⁛⁦⁛⁗⁥‒
⁦⁚⁓⁦‒⁓⁤⁗‒⁓⁖⁖⁛⁦⁛⁡⁠⁓⁞‒⁖⁧⁗‒⁦⁡‒⁘⁛⁠⁓⁠⁕⁛⁓⁞‒⁔⁓⁤⁤⁛⁗⁤⁥‒⁦⁡‒⁦⁚⁗⁛⁤‒⁛ ⁢⁞⁗ ⁗⁠⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠
⁦⁚⁓⁦‒⁓⁤⁗‒⁓⁖⁖⁛⁦⁛⁡⁠⁓⁞‒⁖⁧⁗‒⁦⁡‒⁘⁛⁠⁓⁠⁕⁛⁓⁞‒⁔⁓⁤⁤⁛⁗⁤⁥‒⁦⁡‒⁦⁚⁗⁛⁤‒⁛ ⁢⁞⁗ ⁗⁠⁦⁓⁦⁛⁡⁠””≌
ਥ䬹ᜰ៰ὐ䯴䬳䬴䬜䯵
•䫹ㅊടᕈ䮋䯃䮲䬽ㆡಾ䬹ㆡ↪䯴䭩䮞䮴䯃䮈䎥䯴⽷ോ⊛䮗䮱䭩䬚䭘䬽䭩
䮞䮴䯃䮈䯵䭡ㆡ↪䬦䬵䬓䭚એ਄䫺⹦⚦䬹⽷ോಽᨆ䭡ታᣉ䬦䫺䮗䮱䭩
ಽᨆ䬺ㅊടᕈ䬽⸽᣿䭡㗬䭚䭈䬜䬶䬹䬓䯵
•䫹࿾ਅ䮗䭫䭱䮥䮀㊂䬺䬳䬓䬵䬾䫺࿾਄䮗䭫䭱䮥䮀㊂䬺ኻ䬨䭚Ყ₸䬚
䭘᳞䭐䭚䬽䬛ᦨ䭑◲න
•䫹ᬀᨋ࿾䬽ਅḰ஻䯴⠹૞䯵䬺⿠࿃䬨䭚䎪䎫䎪ឃ಴䬽น⢻ᕈ䬺䬳䬓
䬵䬽⸒෸䯂ផ⸘䬛ᔅⷐ
•䫹䎰䎰䬺䬳䬓䬵䬾䫺ᜰᮡ䬽䮩䮒䮆䮱䮺䭷䬽น⢻ᕈ䯴࿎㔍䬤䭓䭺䮀䮏䯵䬺
䬳䬓䬵䫺චಽ䬹ᬌ⸛䬛ᔅⷐ
•䫹 䎕䎓䎓䎛ᐕએ㒠䬽੐ᬺ㐿ᆎ䬽႐ว䬽䮩䮒䮆䮱䮺䭷ᦼ㑆䯴䎘ᐕ䯵䬾䰋
ਥ䬹ᜰ៰ὐ䯴䬳䬴䬜䯵
•䫹ᣇᴺ⺰䬽ᦠ䬜ᣇ䫹
䫹䫹→䫹䎦䏒䏒䏎䏅䏒䏒䏎䎃䏖䏗䏜䏏䏈䬶䯯
䫹䫹→䫹䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺⸳ቯ䬷ㅊടᕈ್ቯ䭡᣿⏕䬺ಽ䬠䭚
䫹䫹→䫹䎪䎳䎪䬹䬸ᄖㇱ⺰ᢥ䯂ᦠ㘃䬚䭘ᒁ↪䬨䭚㓙䬺䬾⹥ᒰ䮡䯃
䭿䭡⸥ㅀ䬽䬢䬷
― 110 ―
ARAM0001 “Reforestation of degraded land”
land”ƷಒᙲᲢƭƮƖᲣ
ARAM0001 “Reforestation of degraded land”
land”Ʒಒᙲ
•䫹ഠൻ䬦䬮࿯࿾䯴᡼᫈䬤䭛䬮ㄘ࿾䬹䬸䯵䬽䭎䭡ኻ⽎
•䫹䎬䎳䎦䎦䎐䎪䎳䎪䫹䯴䎪䏒䏒䏇䎃䎳䏕䏄䏆䏗䏌䏆䏈䎃䎪䏘䏌䏇䏄䏑䏆䏈䯵䬺Ḱ᜚
•䫹὇⚛䮞䯃䮲䬷䬦䬵䬾䫺࿾਄䮗䭫䭱䮥䮀䬷࿾ਅ䮗䭫䭱䮥䮀䬽䭎䭡ኻ
•䫹䮩䮎䮲䬺૶↪䬨䭚䮘䮰䮨䯃䮆䯃䬽䬕䬰䫺䮗䭫䭱䮥䮀୯䬺䬳䬓䬵䬾᷹
⽎䬷䬨䭚䯴⪭⪲⪭ᨑ䫺ᨗᱫᧁ䫺䬙䭗䭂࿯ფ᦭ᯏ‛䬾฽䭍䬹䬓䯵
•䫹䭩䮞䮴䯃䮈䎤䰉䬄⃻ⴕ䭍䬮䬾ᱧผ⊛䬹὇⚛࿕ቯ㊂䬽ᄌൻ䬅䬚䭘
䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺䯂䭾䮑䮱䭱䭡ዉ಴
•䫹੐ᬺᵴേ䬾৻ቯ
•䫹ᬀ↢䬽⥄ὼㆫ⒖䬾䬹䬓
•䫹ᬀᨋ೨䬽⠹૞૞ᬺ䬺䭗䭚὇⚛᡼಴䬛ᦨዊ㒢䬺ᛥ䬗䭘䭛䭚႐
ว䬽䭎
•䫹䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬽ਛ䬶᡼’ᵴേ䬾฽䭍䬹䬓
ቯ䮎䯃䮆䭡䫺䎪䎫䎪ឃ಴㊂䬺㑐䭞䭚୯䬺䬳䬓䬵䬾䫺䎪䎳䎪䭍䬮䬾ኻ⽎
࿖ో૕䬽䮎䮜䭰䮲䮏୯䭡૶↪
•䫹䎪䎫䎪ឃ಴㊂䬷䬦䬵䬾䫺ൻ⍹Άᢱ૶↪䫺੐ᬺ೨䬚䭘䬑䭚ᬀ↢䬽
࿕ቯ㊂䫺૶↪⢈ᢱ䬚䭘䬽ឃ಴䭡⹏ଔ
•䫹䮱䯃䭸䯃䭿䬺䬳䬓䬵䬾䫺ర䫽᡼᫈䬤䭛䬮࿯࿾䬶䬑䭙䫺䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏
䬺䭗䭙Ⴚ⇇ᄖ䭇⒖േ䬨䭚ឃ಴Ḯᵴേ䬾䬹䬓䬢䬷䬛೨ឭ䬷䬹䬲䬵䬙
䭙䫺Ⴚ⇇ᄖ䬶䬽ൻ⍹Άᢱ૶↪䯴䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬺㑐䭞䭚ゞ䬽૶↪䬹
䬸䯵䬽䭎䭡⠨ᘦ
䮢䮀䮏࿖䯂࿾ర䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䬽␠ળ䯂⚻ᷣ⁁ᴫ
¾ ࿖᳃৻ੱᒰ䬮䭙䬽࿖᳃ᚲᓧ䰆䎇䎕䎏䎔䎔䎛䯴࿖᳃䬽⚂
䎙䎘䯲䬛⽺࿎䮰䭫䮺એਅ䯵
¾ ኻ⽎࿾ၞ๟ㄝ䬶䬾䫺ੱญ䬽䎛䎘䯲䬛⛘ኻ⽺࿎䬺
⧰䬦䭎䫺ਛ╬ᢎ⢒ୃੌ⠪䬾ో૕䬽䎘䎑䎖䯲
¾ ࿾ၞ⚻ᷣ䯂↥ᬺ䬾ㄘᬺ䬛ਛᔃ䫹→䫹࿖㓙Ꮢᴫ䬺
ᔕ䬧䬵䫺䭼䮏䭭䭴䮚䬚᡼’䬽䬸䬰䭘䬚䭡ㆬᛯ
¾ ᫪ᨋબណ䬽ㅴዷ䬺䭗䭙䫺↢ᘒ♽䭼䯃䮚䮀㕙䬶ᓇ
㗀䬛ᣢ䬺಴䬵䬓䭚䯴䮀䮍䯃䭶䮢䮲䮇䯃䯂䮶䯃䭶䭾䮮䮊䮞
䬶䭑ᗧ⷗䬑䭙䯵
ᾄώᅈ˟Ὁ࿢‫ؾ‬Ўௌ
ᾄώᅈ˟Ὁ࿢‫ؾ‬Ўௌ
¾ ৻ᣇ䬶䫺䭯䭺䮋䯃䮱䮁䮧䬽⪚⧘䬛䭎䭘䭛䭚
Ⅴဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱⅹ↷↢‫ע‬Ψ⇙∅∋⇱⇬⇉↚ᣐॾↆ↎
ൢͅ‫٭‬ѣʙಅ↝↎↰↝˖ಅ∝⁀‹⁁
ᡲӳⅥ
Ⅵ
ൢͅ‫٭‬ѣʙಅ↝↎↰↝˖ಅ∝⁀‹⁁ᡲӳ
AR/CDMʙಅƴƓƚǔᅈ˟ȷ࿢‫ؾ‬ЎௌƴƭƍƯ
AR/CDMʙಅƴƓƚǔᅈ˟ȷ࿢‫ؾ‬ЎௌƴƭƍƯ
•䫹䎧䏈䏆䎑䎔䎜䎒䎦䎳䎜䯴䎰䎉䎳䎌䬺䬙䬓䬵䬾䫺䎤䎵䎒䎦䎧䎰䬺䬙䬠䭚␠ળ䯂ⅣႺ
ಽᨆ䬺䬳䬓䬵ਅ⸥䬽䭗䬕䬺ⷙ⒟䰆
䡾੐ᬺ⠪䬛␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛䯂ⅣႺ⊛ᓇ㗀䬺㑐䬨䭚ಽᨆ䯴䎤䏑䏄䏏䏜䏖䏌䏖䎌
䭡ⴕ䬓䫺䬬䬽ᓇ㗀䬛㊀ᄢ䬶䬑䭚䬷੐ᬺ⠪䭍䬮䬾䮢䮀䮏࿖䬛್ᢿ䬨
䭚႐ว䬺䬾䫺⹏ଔ䯴䎤䏖䏖䏈䏖䏖䏐䏈䏑䏗䎌䭡ⴕ䬕䯴→೥ᷫ䎦䎧䎰䬷ห᭽䬽䮞
䮴䮂䮀䯵
䡿⹏ଔ䬺䬳䬓䬵䬾䫺࿖㓙ᢜ౒ㅢၮḰ䬶䬾䬹䬞䫺䮢䮀䮏࿖䬽ၮḰ䯂
ᚻ⛯䬜䬺ၮ䬴䬓䬵ⴕ䬕
•䫹ⅣႺಽᨆ㗄⋡଀→᳓ℂ䫺࿯ფ䫺Ἣἴ䮱䮀䭶䫺∛ኂ⯻䬹䬸
•䫹␠ળ⚻ᷣಽᨆ㗄⋡଀䫹→䫹⃻࿾䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䫺వ૑᳃ᣖ䫺࿯
࿾ᚲ᦭ᮭ䫺࿾ర㓹↪䫺㘩ᢱ↢↥䫺ᢥൻ⊛䯂ቬᢎ⊛࿯࿾䫺ᨋ↥
‛䭇䬽䭩䭶䮂䮀䬹䬸
᣿⏕䬹䮏䮱䮞䮲䯂䮠䮔䮜䭪䮊䮏䭡↢䭎಴䬨࿯࿾೑↪
䯴䎯䎸䎯䎸䎦䎩䎌੐ᬺ䭡⊒ជ䯂ᒻᚑ䬨䭚䬮䭐䬽ၮḰ䬽㐿⊒䬷
ଦㅴ
ో䬵䬽࿯࿾೑↪੐ᬺ䬛䫺䮏䮱䮞䮲䯂䮠䮔䮜䭪䮊䮏䬺㈩ᘦ
䬨䭚䬢䬷䬽ଦㅴ䭡⋡ᜰ䬨
ෳട䮘䯃䮏䮑䯃
䎥䎳␠䫺 䎶䎦䎃䭿䮮䮺䮄䮺␠䫺 䎪䎩䎤䎃䮍䮰䯂䭾䮀䮍䮧䮁␠䫺䭫䮺䮍
䮲␠䫺䎦䎬䫺䮖䮺䮝䮲䭷࿖㓙⚻ᷣ⎇ⓥᚲ䫺䎷䎱䎦䫺䮡䮰䮺䭵
www.climatewww.climate-standards.org
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CCBA䯴
CCBA䯴䬆᳇୥ᄌേኻ╷䬺䬙䬠䭚䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪෸䭂↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ䭇
䬽㈩ᘦ䬺㑐䬨䭚ડᬺ䯂NGO
ㅪว䬇
䬇䯵 䬺䬳䬓䬵
䬽㈩ᘦ䬺㑐䬨䭚ડᬺ䯂NGOㅪว
¾ ᳇୥ᄌേኻ╷䫺↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ో䫺ᜬ⛯น⢻䬹㐿⊒
䭇䬽⽸₂䭡หᤨ䬺ḩ䬮䬨䎦䎧䎰䭡ਛᔃ䬷䬦䬮࿯࿾೑↪
ဳ੐ᬺ䭡⹏ଔ䯂ଦㅴ䬨䭚䬮䭐䬽ડᬺ䯂䎱䎪䎲ㅪว
¾ 䎦䎬䬽ઁ䫺䎥䎳␠䫺䎪䎩䎤䎃䮍䮰䯂䭾䮀䮍䮧䮁␠䫺䮖䮺䮝䮲䭷࿖
㓙⚻ᷣ⎇ᚲ䫺䭫䮺䮍䮲␠䫺䎷䎱䎦䫺䮡䮰䮺䭵䫺䎶䎦䎃䭿䮮䮺䮄
䮺␠䬛䮨䮺䮗䯃䫻ઁ䬺䎺䎤䎦䯴ᣥ䎬䎦䎵䎤䎩䯵䭯䮺䭼䮑䮺䭼ᾲ
Ꮺㄘᬺ⎇ⓥ䮂䮺䮆䯃䫺䎦䎬䎩䎲䎵䬛䭩䮐䮗䭫䭽䮱䯃ᯏ㑐䬷䬦
䬵ෳട
¾ ਎⇇㌁ⴕ䎥䏌䏒䎦䎩䫺ਛ࿖ᨋᬺ⋭䬹䬸䬛
䎦䎦䎥ၮḰ䭡ណ↪䫻䮐䭫䮋䫺䮜䭪䮺䮰䮺䮐᡽
ᐭ䬽䭊䬚䫺䬓䬞䬳䬚䬽䎤䎵䎒䎦䎧䎰੐ᬺ⠪䭑
ណ↪䯂ㆡ↪䭡ᬌ⸛ਛ䫻
ἱἕἉἹὅ
CCBၮḰ䬽᭎ⷐ
CCBၮḰ䬽᭎ⷐ
ଢᄩễἚἼἩἽὉἫ
἟ἧỵἕἚửဃỚЈ
Ẵ‫עם‬Мဇ
ίᵪᵳᵪᵳᵡᵤᵇʙಅử
ႆ੐Ὁ࢟঺ẴỦẺ
Ờỉؕแỉ᧏ႆể
̟ᡶ
¾ ৻⥸ⷐ᳞㗄⋡䯴ᴺ⊛ᩮ᜚䭓䭺䮺䮞䮰䭫䭩䮺䮀䫺࿯࿾ᚲ᦭ᮭ⏕⹺䬹䬸䬽ᔅ㗇㗄⋡䯵
ἑὊἄἕἚ
μềỉ‫עם‬Мဇʙ
ಅầẆἚἼἩἽὉἫ
἟ἧỵἕἚỆᣐॾẲ
ếếẆཎỆԈӓ᣽
Ệấẟề੘ảỜễ
෇ѣểễỦẮể
¾᳇୥଻ో
¾䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪⽸₂
¾ታ⾰⊛䬹䮞䮰䮀䬽䭫䮺䮘䭶䮏䯴ㅊടᕈ䯵䯴ᔅ㗇䯵
¾⚐ੱὑ⊛ๆ෼㊂䬽ㆡಾ䬹▚಴䯴ᔅ㗇䯵
¾䭼䭫䮏ᄖ䬶䬽䭫䮺䮘䭶䮏䯴䮱䯃䭸䯃䭿䯵䯴ᔅ㗇䯵
¾᳗⛯ᕈ䯴䎔ὐ䯵
¾䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬽᳇୥ᄌേ䭇䬽ㆡᔕ䯴䯽ὐ䯵
¾䮩䮒䮆䮱䮺䭷䬷⹺⸽䯴䯽ὐ䯵
¾࿾ర䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䭇䬽ታ⾰⊛䬹䮞䮰䮀䬽䭫䮺䮘䭶䮏䯴
䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ෳട䭡฽䭏䯵䯴ᔅ㗇䯵
¾䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ᓥ੐⠪䬽቟ోᕈ䯴ᔅ㗇䯵
¾䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬽ㅘ᣿ᕈ䯴䎔ὐ䯵
¾੐ᬺ▤ℂ䭇䬽࿾ర䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䬽⊓↪䯴䎔ὐ䯵
¾⢻ജ㐿⊒䭇䬽⽸₂䯴䯽ὐ䯵
¾䮠䮀䮏䯂䮞䮰䭶䮍䭪䮀䯴࿾ర䬽␠ળ⊛ᘠ⠌䬽ዅ㊀
䬹䬸䯵䬽ዉ౉䯴䯽ὐ䯵
¾↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ో
¾଻ో⸘↹䬽╷ቯ䯴ᔅ㗇䯵
¾⛘Ṍෂᗋ⒳䬺ෂኂ䭡ട䬗䬹䬓䯴ᔅ㗇䯵
¾䎪䎰䎲䬽ਇ૶↪䯴ᔅ㗇䯵
¾࿷᧪⒳䬽೑↪䯴䎔ὐ䯵
¾⛘Ṍෂᗋ⒳䭓࿕᦭⒳╬䬽଻⼔䭇䬽⽸₂䯴䎔ὐ䯵
¾᳓䯂࿯ფ䬽ᡷༀ䯴䯽ὐ䯵
¾䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ኻ⽎࿾䬽૏⟎䯴䎔ὐ䯵
㽲 ోᔅ㗇㗄⋡䉕ḩ䈢䈚䇮ฦ䉶䉪䉲䊢䊮䈪ᦨૐ1
ὐ₪ᓧ→䇸ᛚ⹺䇹
㽳 ട䈋䈩✚ᓧὐ䈏9䌾10ὐ→䇸䊑䊨䊮䉵䇹
㽴 ട䈋䈩䇮ฦ䉶䉪䉲䊢䊮䈪ᦨૐ2ὐ₪ᓧ䈚䇮✚
ᓧὐ䈏11䌾12ὐ→䇸䉲䊦䊋䊷䇹
㽵 ട䈋䈩䇮ฦ䉶䉪䉲䊢䊮䈪ᦨૐ3
ട䈋䈩䇮ฦ䉶䉪䉲䊢䊮䈪ᦨૐ3ὐ₪ᓧ䈚䇮✚
ᓧὐ䈏13
䌾14ὐ→
ᓧὐ䈏13䌾
14ὐ→ 䇸䉯䊷䊦䊄䇹
ᒰ⹥䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬽CCB
ၮḰ䬺䭗䭚⹏ଔ
ᒰ⹥䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬽CCBၮḰ䬺䭗䭚⹏ଔ
䮀䮍䯃䭶䮢䮲䮇䯃䬷䬽ද⼏
¾ ৻⥸ⷐ᳞㗄⋡䯴ᴺ⊛ᩮ᜚䭓䭺䮺䮞䮰䭫䭩䮺䮀䫺࿯࿾ᚲ᦭ᮭ⏕⹺䬹䬸䬽ᔅ㗇㗄⋡䯵
¾ ో䎖࿁䯴⺞ᩏ⚳ੌᓟ㐿௅䭑฽䭏䯵䫺೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪䬷
䬽䮶䯃䭶䭾䮮䮊䮞䭡㐿௅
¾ ࿾ᮭ⠪䯴䮥䭴䮞䭶䮑⽷࿅䯵䬾䭑䬰䭜䭢䫺⽷࿅㓹↪⠪
䫺๟ㄝ䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪૑᳃䫺࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭ㑐ଥ⠪䬹䬸䬛ෳ
ട
¾ ෳട⠪䯴․䬺๟ㄝ䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪૑᳃䯵䬽㑐ᔃ䬾㜞䬞䫺
ᑪ⸳⊛䬹ᗧ⷗䭓⾰⇼䬛ᄙ䬞಴䬤䭛䬮
¾ ⚻ᷣ䬷ⅣႺ䯴↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ䯵଻ో䬽ਔ┙䬽㊀ⷐᕈ
䭡ℂ⸃
¾ ᬀᨋ૞ᬺ䬺㓹↪䬤䭛䭚⠪䬽⾓㊄᳓Ḱ䬛࿾ၞ䬽⒎
ᐨ䭡ੂ䬤䬹䬓䬢䬷䭡ⷐ᳞䬤䭛䬮
¾ ዁᧪⊛䬺䬾๟ㄝ࿾ၞ䭇䬽᜛ᄢ䭡ᦸ䭏ჿ䬛ᄙ䬓䯴䬮
䬯䬦䫺䎛䎜ᐕ໧㗴䬛䭶䮱䭩䬶䬜䭚䬚䫺ㅊടᕈ䬛⏕଻䬶
䬜䭚䬚䬹䬸䬾ᧂ⍮䯵
䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹䫹→䫹ోᔅ㗇㗄⋡䭡䭶䮱䭩䯷䯾ὐ
¾᳇୥଻ో
¾䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪⽸₂
¾ታ⾰⊛䬹䮞䮰䮀䬽䭫䮺䮘䭶䮏䯴ㅊടᕈ䯵䯴䭶䮱䭩䯵
¾⚐ੱὑ⊛ๆ෼㊂䬽ㆡಾ䬹▚಴䯴䭶䮱䭩䯵
¾䭼䭫䮏ᄖ䬶䬽䭫䮺䮘䭶䮏䯴䮱䯃䭸䯃䭿䯵 䯴䭶䮱䭩䯵
¾᳗⛯ᕈ䯴䎔ὐ䯵
¾䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬽᳇୥ᄌേ䭇䬽ㆡᔕ䯴䯼ὐ䯵
¾䮩䮒䮆䮱䮺䭷䬷⹺⸽䯴䯽ὐ䯵
¾࿾ర䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䭇䬽ታ⾰⊛䬹䮞䮰䮀䬽䭫䮺䮘䭶䮏䯴
䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ෳട䭡฽䭏䯵 䯴䭶䮱䭩䯵
¾䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ᓥ੐⠪䬽቟ోᕈ䯴䭶䮱䭩䯵
¾䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬽ㅘ᣿ᕈ䯴䎔ὐ䯵
¾੐ᬺ▤ℂ䭇䬽࿾ర䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䬽⊓↪䯴䎓ὐ䯵
¾⢻ജ㐿⊒䭇䬽⽸₂䯴䎔ὐ䯵
¾䮠䮀䮏䯂䮞䮰䭶䮍䭪䮀䯴࿾ర䬽␠ળ⊛ᘠ⠌䬽ዅ㊀
䬹䬸䯵䬽ዉ౉䯴䎔ὐ䯵
¾↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ో
¾଻ో⸘↹䬽╷ቯ䯴䭶䮱䭩䯵
¾⛘Ṍෂᗋ⒳䬺ෂኂ䭡ട䬗䬹䬓䯴䭶䮱䭩䯵
¾䎪䎰䎲䬽ਇ૶↪䯴䭶䮱䭩䯵
¾࿷᧪⒳䬽೑↪䯴䎔ὐ䯵
¾⛘Ṍෂᗋ⒳䭓࿕᦭⒳╬䬽଻⼔䭇䬽⽸₂䯴䎔ὐ䯵
¾᳓䯂࿯ფ䬽ᡷༀ䯴䎔ὐ䯵
¾䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ኻ⽎࿾䬽૏⟎䯴䎔ὐ䯵
ో䈩䈱ᔅ㗇ⷐઙ䉕䉪䊥䉝䈚䇮ฦ䉶䉪䉲䊢䊮䈪
2ὐએ਄₪ᓧ䇯✚ᓧὐ䋽11ὐ
䇭→䇭䇸䉲䊦䊋䊷䇹
↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ䬽଻ో䭇䬽⽸₂
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䬽ᜬ⛯น⢻䬹⊒ዷ䭇䬽⽸₂
↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ䭇䬽⢿ᆭ䬽ಽᨆ䯴᫪ᨋબណ䫺ਇᴺ䬹⁚⁸䬹䬸䯵
⒘ዋേᬀ‛⒳䬽ᛠី䯴䎬䎸䎦䎱⛘Ṍෂᗋ⒳䰉䎖䎕⒳䬽଻ో䬛ᔅ
ⷐ䬹࿕᦭䮰䮺⒳䫺䎜⒳䬽䮳䮊䮐䮱䮀䮏ູ੃㘃䬛↢ᕷ䫺䮗䯃䮐䮰䭫
䮜䬽䮎䯃䮆䰉⒘ዋ㠽㘃䬛䎙䎓⒳એ਄䬹䬸䯵
ኻ⽎࿾ၞ䬺䬾䫺䎔䎚䎓䎓⒳એ਄䬽⛽▤᧤ᬀ‛⒳䫺䎘䎘⒳એ਄䬽
ູ੃㘃䫺䎖䎗䎚⒳䬽㠽㘃䬛↢ᕷ
࿷᧪⒳䫺࿕᦭⒳䬽䭡ᬀ᮸⒳䬷䬦䬵ណ↪
ේ↢ᨋ䬺ㄭ䬓ᒻ䬶䬽ᷙวౣᬀᨋ䭡ታᣉ䬨䭚䬢䬷䬺䭗䭙䫺േᬀ
‛䬽↢ᘒ♽䬛଻⼔䯂᜛ᄢ䬤䭛䭚
䮢䮊䮏䮀䮤䮊䮏䫺㊀ⷐ㊁㠽↢ᕷ࿾䬺૏⟎䬨䭚䬮䭐䫺ㆡಾ䬺⸘↹
ታᣉ䬤䭛䭚੐ᬺ䬾䫺↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ䬽଻ో䬺⽸₂
๟ㄝ࿾ၞ䬾䫺ኻ⽎࿾䭡฽䭏ᵹၞ䬺᳓⾗Ḯ䬽ଏ⛎䭡ଐሽ䬦䬵
䬙䭙䫺੐ᬺ䬾᳓⾗Ḯ䬽⾰䯂㊂䬺䬙䬠䭚ᜬ⛯⊛଻ో䬺䬳䬹䬛䭚
ൻቇ‛⾰䯂ൻቇ⢈ᢱ䬽૶↪䬾ᦨዊ㒢䬺ᛥ೙
⃻࿾࿕᦭⒳䬽ᷙวᬀᨋ䭡ㅴ䭐䭚䬢䬷䬺䭗䭙䫺∛ኂ䭓ኂ⯻䬾ᛥ
೙䬤䭛䭚
¾ 䎦䎦䎥ၮḰ䬶䬾䫺࿾ၞ૑᳃䭓࿾ᮭ⠪䬺䭗䭚⸘↹Ბ㓏䬚䭘䬽ෳട䭡ផㅴ
䬦䬵䬓䭚
¾ ᧄ੐ᬺ䬶䬾䫺䮥䭴䮞䭶䮑⽷࿅䬛໑৻䬽࿾ᮭ⠪䬽䬮䭐䫺⋥ធ⊛䬹೑ኂ㑐
ଥ⠪䬷䬓䬕ᒻ䬶䬽࿾ర䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䬽ෳട䬾㒢ቯ⊛
¾ 䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏⸘↹䭓䮩䮒䮆䮱䮺䭷੐ᬺ䬹䬸䫺䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬽ㅘ᣿ൻ⏕଻䬽䬮
䭐䬺ᓟᣣᐢႎ੍ቯ
¾ 䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䬚䭘䬽㓹↪⏕଻䯴⾓㊄᳓Ḱ䬺䬳䬓䬵䬾䫺࿾ర䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䬷䬽
✎ኒ䬹ᗧ⷗੤឵䭡⚻䬵᳿ቯ੍ቯ
¾ 䭯䭺䮋䯃䮱䮁䮧੐ᬺ䭇䬽᜛ᄢน⢻ᕈ
¾ ࿾ర૑᳃䬚䭘䬽䭶䮳䯃䮧䬽ฃઃ䬷ኻᔕ
― 112 ―
ᜬ⛯น⢻䬹⊒ዷ䭇䬽⽸₂䭡੐ᬺ䬽ਛ䬶⏕ታ䬺䬦䬵䬓䬞䬮䭐䬽⺖㗴
¾
ᧄ䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ኻ⽎࿾ၞ䬾䫺⽷࿅ᚲ᦭䬽࿯࿾䬶䬑䭙䫺࿾ర䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䭇䬽⋥ធ
⊛䬹䭫䮺䮘䭶䮏䬛ᒙ䬓
¾ ⃻ሽ䬨䭚ේ↢ᨋ䭡଻ో䬦䬵䬓䬞㊀ⷐᕈ䬺䬳䬓䬵䬾䫺ᄙ䬞䬽࿾ర೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪䬚
䭘䭑ᜰ៰䬤䭛䬮䬛䫺䎦䎧䎰䬽䮜䮳䯃䮧䬽ਛ䬶䬾㔍䬦䬓
¾ ๟ㄝ䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䬚䭘䬾䫺䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬽᜛ᄢ䬽ⷐᦸ䭑䬑䭙䫺㐳ᦼ⊛䬺䬾࿾ర䬽ⷐ
ᦸ䭡ข䭙౉䭛䬳䬳䭑䫺䬄䮏䮱䮞䮲䯂䮠䮔䮜䭪䮊䮏䬅䬽ℂ⸃䭡ᐢ䭐䬵䬓䬞࿾㆏䬹ദജ䬛
ᔅⷐ䯴䬳䭍䭙䫺બណ䬺䭗䭚⚻ᷣ⊛೑⋉䭡ㅊ᳞䬨䭚䮩䮎䮲䬶䬹䬓䬷䬓䬕䬢䬷䯵
¾ ๟ㄝ࿾ၞ䬶䬾䫺࿾ర䭺䮦䮬䮒
䮍䭪䭑ෳ↹䬨䭚䭯䭺䮋䯃䮱䮁䮧
䬛ዷ㐿䬤䭛䬵䬙䭙䫺੹ᓟ䬾ᧄ
䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏䬷䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏๟ㄝ
䬽ᜬ⛯น⢻䬹㐿⊒䭓↢‛ᄙ
᭽ᕈ଻ో䭇䬽ข䭙⚵䭎䬷䬽䮱
䮺䭸䯃䭿䭡ㅊ෸䬦䬵䬓䬞䬢䬷䬛
ᔅⷐ
ᾅώἩἿἊỹἁἚỉܱ଀˳С
ᾅώἩἿἊỹἁἚỉܱ଀˳С
ᣇᴺ⺰/
ᣇᴺ⺰/PDD㐿⊒૕೙
PDD㐿⊒૕೙
䋨ᣣᧄ࿖ౝ䋩
ᣣᧄ᡽ᐭ㑐ㅪᯏ㑐䈭䈬
੹ᓟ䬽੐ᬺታᣉ૕೙
䋨ᣣᧄ࿖ౝ䋩
ᣣᧄ᡽ᐭ
㑐ㅪᯏ㑐╬
ᛩ⾗ડᬺ
䋨ᣣᧄડᬺ䋩
CI䉳䊞䊌䊮䋺
CI䉳䊞䊌䊮䋺੐ᬺ⛔᜝
੐ᬺ⛔᜝
࿖ౝ䈱ኾ㐷ኅ
ᛩ⾗ડᬺ
䋨ᣣᧄડᬺ䋩
CI䉳䊞䊌䊮䋺
CI䉳䊞䊌䊮䋺੐ᬺ⛔᜝
੐ᬺ⛔᜝
ᴺᓞ੐ോᚲ
䋨䊨䊮䊄䊮䋩
䋨䊪䉲䊮䊃䊮DC䋩
䋨䊪䉲䊮䊃䊮DC䋩
䋨䊨䊮䊄䊮䋩
䉣䉮䉶䉨䊠䊥䊁䉞䊷䉵␠
CIⅣႺ䊎䉳䊈䉴䊥䊷䉻䊷䉲䉾䊒䉶䊮䉺䊷
CIⅣႺ䊎䉳䊈䉴䊥䊷䉻䊷䉲䉾䊒䉶䊮䉺䊷
CIⅣႺ䊎䉳䊈䉴䊥䊷䉻䊷䉲䉾䊒䉶䊮䉺䊷
CIⅣႺ䊎䉳䊈䉴䊥䊷䉻䊷䉲䉾䊒䉶䊮䉺䊷
੩ㇺ䊜䉦䊆䉵䊛㑐ㅪ䈱ᛛⴚᡰេ
੩ㇺ䊜䉦䊆䉵䊛㑐ㅪ䈱ᛛⴚᡰេ
੩ㇺ䊜䉦䊆䉵䊛㑐ㅪ䈱ᛛⴚᡰេ
੩ㇺ䊜䉦䊆䉵䊛㑐ㅪ䈱ᛛⴚᡰេ
DOE 䋨㪪㪞㪪䉕੍ቯ䋩 ᦭ലൻክᩏ╬
CI䉣䉪䉝䊄䊦䋺
CI䉣䉪䉝䊄䊦䋺
䋨䉣䉪䉝䊄䊦䋩
DOE 䋨㪪㪞㪪䉕੍ቯ䋩 ᦭ലൻክᩏ╬
CI䉣䉪䉝䊄䊦䋺
CI䉣䉪䉝䊄䊦䋺
䋨䉣䉪䉝䊄䊦䋩
⃻࿾ᬺോ⛔᜝
⃻࿾ᬺോ⛔᜝
⃻࿾ᬺോ⛔᜝
⃻࿾ᬺോ⛔᜝
⃻࿾ᴺᓞ੐ോᚲ
䊊䊃䉠䊮䊶䉰䉼䊞⽷࿅䋺ᬀᨋ੐
ᬺ䈱ᛛⴚᡰេ
䊙䉨䊒䉪䊅⽷࿅䋺
䊊䊃䉠䊮䊶䉰䉼䊞⽷࿅䋺ᬀᨋ੐
ᬺ䈱ᛛⴚᡰេ
࿾ᮭ⠪䊶੐ᬺታᣉ䊌䊷䊃䊅䊷
䊙䉨䊒䉪䊅⽷࿅䋺
࿾ᮭ⠪䊶੐ᬺታᣉ䊌䊷䊃䊅䊷
䉣䉮䊶䊂䉞䉲䉳䊢䊮␠䋺
䉣䉮䊶䊂䉞䉲䉳䊢䊮␠䋺
䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䊶䊂䊷䉺᷹ቯ䈭䈬
䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫䊶䊂䊷䉺᷹ቯ䈭䈬
ᣇᴺ⺰䬽ౣឭ಴ᣇ㊎
ᾆώʻࢸỉᛢ᫆
ᾆώʻࢸỉᛢ᫆
― 113 ―
•䎶䎶䎦䬽೑↪䬽น⢻ᕈ
䫹䯂ⷙᮨ䬷䬦䬵䬾䫺䎶䎶䎦䬺⹥ᒰ
䫹䯂䮢䮀䮏࿖䯴䭯䭶䭩䮐䮲䯵䬶䬾䫺䭍䬯䬄ૐᚲᓧ䭺䮦䮬䮒䮍䭪䬅䬷䬬䬽੐ᬺ䭇䬽䬄
䫹䫹㑐䭞䭙ᣇ䬅䬛ቯ⟵䬤䭛䬵䬓䬹䬓
䫹䯂◲⇛ൻ䬤䭛䬮䮱䯃䭸䯃䭿▚ቯ䬺䭗䭙䫺⚐ੱὑ⊛ๆ෼㊂䬛ታ㓙䬽୯䭗
䫹䫹䭙ૐ䬞䬹䭚น⢻ᕈ
•ᣂⷙᣇᴺ⺰䬽ౣឭ಴ᣇ㊎
䫹䯂䭩䮞䮴䯃䮈䎥䭇䬽ᄌᦝ䯴ኻ⽎࿾䬶䬽ᱧผ⊛䬹὇⚛࿕ቯ㊂ផ⒖䯵䬺䭗
䫹䫹䭚䮠䯃䮀䮰䭫䮺⸳ቯ
䫹䯂᳢↪ᕈ䬽䬑䭚䭑䬽䬶䬾䬹䬞䫺੐ᬺ䯂ኻ⽎࿾䬺․ൻ䬦䬮ᣇᴺ⺰䭡ౣᬌ
䫹䫹⸛
䫹䯂䎶䎶䎦ᣇᴺ⺰䫺䎤䎵䎤䎰䎓䎓䎓䎔䫺䬬䬽ઁᬌ⸛ਛ䎱䎰䭡ෳᾖ
䫹䯂䮱䯃䭸䯃䭿䬽⚵䭎ㄟ䭎
•ឭ಴䮀䭸䭿䮬䯃䮲
䫹䯂䎕䎓䎓䎙ᐕ䎖᦬䬽ౣឭ಴䭡⋡ᜰ䬨䯴ឭ಴䫾ಾ䬾䭍䬯ឭ␜䬤䭛䬩䯵
䮞䮴䭿䭮䭶䮏ታᣉ䮀䭸䭿䮬䯃䮲䬷੹ᓟ䬽⺖㗴
•᦭ലൻክᩏ
䫹䯂䎦䎧䎰ℂ੐ળ䬺䭗䭚ᣇᴺ⺰䬽ክᩏ䯴䎙᦬䬺ឭ಴䯂↳⺧䫺䮘䮝䮱䮊䭶䯂䭺䫹
䫹䫹䮨䮺䮏䬾ฃઃ⚳ੌ䯵䬷᦭ലᕈክᩏ
•㙃᮸࿦⸳⟎䬷੐ᬺ⊓㍳䬽䮆䭫䮦䮺䭷
䫹䯂㙃᮸࿦䬽⸳⟎䯴⒳ሶ䬽෼㓸䬷⧣䬽⢒ᚑ䯵䬺䬾䫺⚂䎙䮽᦬䬽ᦼ㑆䭡ⷐ
䫹䫹䬦䫺ᬀᨋ㐿ᆎ䬾㔎ቄ䯴଀ᐕ䬹䭘䎔䎕᦬䬣䭜䬚䭘䎖䎐䎗䮽᦬䯵䬛ㆡᒰ䬯䬛䫺
䫹䫹੐ᬺᛚ⹺䯂⊓㍳䬽ᤨᦼ䬷㙃᮸࿦⸳⟎䯂ᬀᨋᤨᦼ䬽䭾䮺䭶䮴䫹→䫹䫹
䫹䫹䎤䎵䬺䬳䬓䬵䬾䫺੐ᬺ⊓㍳೨䬽੐ᬺ䯴ๆ෼㊂䯵䬺䬳䬓䬵䫺䬤䬚䬽䭋䬲䬵
䫹䫹䬽⊓㍳䬛น⢻䯴䎨䎥᳿ቯ䯵
•ᛩ⾗࿖䯴ᣣᧄ᡽ᐭ䯵ᛚ⹺䬙䭗䭂⊓㍳
䫹䯂ᣣᧄ᡽ᐭ䬶䬾䫺䎤䎵䎒䎦䎧䎰䬽ᛩ⾗࿖ᛚ⹺䭓⊓㍳ᣇᴺ䬺䬳䬓䬵ᧂ᳿
•䮱䮞䮳䯃䮀䮨䮺䮏䯂䮱䮀䭶
䫹䯂䱀䎦䎨䎵䎒䰸䎦䎨䎵䬽䭶䮳䭿䮊䮏ᦼ㑆⚳ੌᤨ䬽䮱䮞䮳䯃䮀䮨䮺䮏䬛䬸䬕䬹䭚䬚
䫹䯂᡽ᐭ䬺䭗䭚⾈ขኻ⽎䬷䬹䭚䬽䬚
Thank you!
www.conservation.or.jp
― 114 ―
資料 2 ―（6）国内研修教材 住友林業 曽田良講師
AR-CDM੐ᬺ䈱⋡⊛
ARAR-CDM‚
CDM‚‫ᙹٻ‬೉∝‫ᙹݱ‬೉≌
⇗∞⇟⇟⇥⇭⇉
䋱䋮䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䈱ᄁ⾈
䋲䋮⥄␠↪䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃₪ᓧ
䋳䋮ᧁ᧚╬䈱᧚ᢱ⏕଻
䋴䋮ᨋᬺ䈻䈱ᛩ⾗
䋵䋮ㅜ਄࿖䈻䈱␠ળ⽸₂䇮䌃䌓䌒
䈍䉋䈶
䋶䋮䉮䊮䉰䊦䉺䊮䊃䋨⋡⊛䈲㘈ቴᰴ╙䋩
ᧁ᧚↢↥䉕⋡⊛䈫䈚䈢
૑᳃ෳടဳᬀᨋ੐ᬺ䈱଀
૑෹ᨋᬺᩣᑼળ␠
ᦥ↰ ⦟
ㅜ਄࿖䈪ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䉎ᬀᨋ䊶᫪ᨋ䈱ലᨐ
ౕ௎↝‫ٶ‬᩿ႎೞᏡ
䋱䋮࿾ၞ⚻ᷣ㕙䈻䈱⽸₂
1)
2)
3)
4)
ᧁ᧚↢↥䈮䉋䉎࿾ၞ૑᳃(࿾ਥ)䈱෼౉Ⴧട
࿾ၞ૑᳃䈻䈱㓹↪䊶⾓㊄ഭ௛䈱ឭଏ
⵾᧚╬䈱ዊⷙᮨᧁ᧚Ꮏᬺ䇮ㆇㅍᬺ╬䈱⿠ᬺ
ઁ↥ᬺ䈻䈱ᵄ෸ലᨐ䈫䈚䈩࿾ၞ↥ᬺᝄ⥝䇮ᵴᕈൻ
䋲䋮࿾ၞ૑᳃䈱↢ᵴ䊶ⅣႺ㕙䈻䈱⽸₂
1) ᧁ䈱ታ䈭䈬䈱㘩ᢱ䊶ᑪ▽᧚䊶Άᢱ᧚䈱౉ᚻ
2) ᫪ᨋ䈱ᓳర䈮䉋䉎᳓Ḯᶩ㙃䇮࿯ფ଻ోലᨐ
3) ⚻ᷣᵴᕈൻ䈱ലᨐ䈫䈚䈩␠ળ䉟䊮䊐䊤䋨ቬᢎ⸳஻䇮ቇ
ᩞ䇮㆏〝䇮ᯅ╬䋩䈱ᢛ஻
ᣣᧄ䈪䈱⚻ᷣଔ୯䈲
ᐔᚑᐕᐲ
ว⸘ ᾆ὿Ϋό
వㅴ࿖ੱ䈱⠨䈋䈫䊚䉴䊙䉾䉼䈏䈅䉎䈫੐ᬺ䈲㐳⛯䈐䈚䈭䈇
᫪ᨋ࡮ᨋᬺ⊕ᦠࠃࠅᛮ☴
䌃䌄䌍ᬀᨋ੐ᬺ䉕ᬌ⸛䈜䉎೨䈮
䌃䌄䌍ᬀᨋ੐ᬺ䉕ᬌ⸛䈜䉎೨䈮
䋱䋮ㅜ਄࿖䈪䈲ᣣᧄ䈱Ᏹ⼂䈲ㅢ↪䈚䈭䈇䈫ⷡᖗ䈞䉋
z
䋲䋮ᶏᄖ䈪䈱૑᳃䊶↥䊶ቭ䊶ቇ౒ห੐ᬺ䈱┙䈤਄䈕䈫
⋙ℂ䈪䈅䉎䇯
ੱ 䋺⸒⪲䇮↢ᵴ⠌ᘠ䇮࿖᳃ᕈ䇮ଔ୯ⷰ
㸢 ἣὊἚἜὊầ঺ԁửЎẬỦẇ
z ␠ળ䋺ቬᢎ䇮ᴦ቟䇮ᱧผ䇮ᢎ⢒
z ⚻ᷣ䋺࿖ജ䇮ડᬺⷙᮨ䇮୘ੱ䊔䊷䉴
z ᡽ᴦ䋺㒢䉌䉏䈢᳃ਥਥ⟵䇮౒↥ౄ䇮ァ᡽etc
(1) ࿾ၞ૑᳃䈱䉋䈐ᜰዉ⠪䈏䈇䉎䈎
(2) 㐳ᦼ㑆䈱੐ᬺ▤ℂᆔ⸤వ䋨ડᬺ䋩䈏䈅䉎䈎
(3) ੐ᬺታᣉ⠪䋨࿾ၞ૑᳃╬䋩䉕䉁䈫䉄䉎ᜰើ♽
⛔䈏䈅䉎䈎
(4) ਛᄩ᡽ᐭ䊶࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭ䈎䉌䉋䈇䉰䊘䊷䊃䈏ᓧ䉌
䉏䉎䈎
(5) ⋧ᚻ࿖䈱ቇ⇇䈮ੱ⣂(⍮⊛េഥ)䈅䉎䈎
z ᤨ㑆䋺↢ᵴ䇮䊎䉳䊈䉴䇮↢‛⊛
z ⥄ὼ䋺᳇୥䇮ᬀ‛䇮േ‛䇮࿯䇮ᧁ䈱ᚑ㐳
― 115 ―
CDMㆡᩰᕈ䈮䈍䈔䉎⺖㗴 䋭䋱䋭
䌃䌄䌍ᬀᨋ੐ᬺ䉕ᬌ⸛䈜䉎೨䈮
䋱䋮᫪ᨋ䈱ቯ⟵䋨䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝䈱႐ว䋩
䋳䋮↢↥‛䈲䈬䈉䈜䉎
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1) ᦨૐ᮸㜞䋺5m
(2) ᦨૐ᮸౰₸䋺30%
(3) ᦨૐ㕙Ⓧ䋺0.25ha
੐ᬺ࿾ౝᄖ䈎䉌䈱ᧁ᧚↢↥੍ᗐ㊂䈲䈇䈒䉌䈎
䈠䈱↢↥㊂䈏䈘䈳䈔䉎䈎
䈠䈱䉮䉴䊃䈲ๆ෼䈪䈐䉎䈎
ᨐ᮸䋨䈭䉁䉅䈱䋩↢↥䉕฽䉃႐ว
䊶 ↢↥࿾䈻䈱䉝䉪䉶䉴䈲䈇䈇䈎
䊶 ↢↥࿾䈎䉌ᄢᏒ႐䉁䈢䈲ടᎿᎿ႐䈏ㄭ䈇䈎
䊶 㓸⩄䊶଻ሽ䊶ャㅍ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈏䈅䉎䈎
䈜䈼䈩䉕ḩ䈢䈜䈖䈫
䋲䋮ᣂⷙᬀᨋ䊶ౣᬀᨋ䋨1989ᐕ໧㗴䋩
(1) 1989ᐕ12᦬31ᣣએ㒠䇮᫪ᨋ䈪䈭䈎䈦䈢ᚲ
㸢⸽᣿䈜䉎౮⌀╬䈲䇮䉁䉏䇯
䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝䈱᫪ᨋ⎕უ䈲1997ᐕએ㒠
㸢 ㆡ࿾䈏ዋ䈭䈇䋿
㸢(ᵈᗧ)↢↥‛䈏ᵹ䉏䈭䈇䈫䇮䈚䉒ነ䈞䈲࿾ၞ૑᳃䈮
CDMㆡᩰᕈ䈮䈍䈔䉎⺖㗴 䋭䋲䋭
CDMㆡᩰᕈ䈮䈍䈔䉎⺖㗴 䋭䋳䋭
䋳䋮Non Business as Usual
䋴䋮䊋䉡䊮䉻䊥䊷
䊶 Business as Usual䈱ቯ⟵䈲䋿
䊶 ᨋᬺᛩ⾗䈮IRR䈣䈔䈪⺑᣿䈪䈐䉎䈎䋿
㸢ᬀᨋ੐ᬺ䈲࿾ၞ↥ᬺᝄ⥝੐ᬺ䈪䈅䉎
䊶 ㅢᏱ䈱੐ᬺ䈪䈲䈪䈐䈭䈇䈫䈖䉐
㸢ഠᖡ᧦ઙ䈱䈫䈖䉐䈚䈎ᱷ䉌䈭䈇
䊶 ৻⥸䈮ੱญኒᐲ䈏㜞䈇䈫䈖䉐䈪䈲ዊ
ⷙᮨᬀᨋ࿾䈏ᢔ࿷䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏ᄙ䈇
䊶 ᚲ᦭࿾Ⴚ⇇䈏ਇ᣿⏕䈭႐ᚲ䈏ᄙ䈇
䋨⣄ᖡ࿯ფ䇮ੇ῎䇮䉝䉪䉶䉴ᖡ䈇䇮ጊἫ੐ᄙ䈇╬䋩
䊶 䈚䈎䈚䇮䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃ଔᩰ䈲቟䈇䋣
䊶 CDMታᣉ䈏⏕ቯ䈚䈭䈇䈫ෳട൘⺃䈪
䈐䈭䈇
⃻⁁⺰ℂ㸢䇸䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃ᄁ䉏䉎䈎䉌੐ᬺ䈏ᚑ䉍┙䈧䇯䇹
䈚䈎䈚䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䈮୯Ბ䈭䈚
੐ᬺෳട⠪䈫䈱䌃䌄䌍ㆡᩰ࿾⺞ᩏ
੐ᬺෳട⠪䈫䈱䌃䌄䌍ㆡᩰ࿾⺞ᩏ
(㕖ㆡᩰ࿾䈱଀䋩
ర䉮䊷䊍䊷࿦䇮੹᡼᫈࿾
ర䉼䊷䉪ᨋ䇮੹䉨䊞䉾䉰䊋ㄘ࿦
⧯䈇ੱ䈲ᾲᔃ䈣䈏䇮CDM䈱䊦䊷䊦䈫઀⚵䉂䈏ⶄ㔀䈭䈢䉄ℂ⸃ਇ⿷
― 116 ―
CDMᬀᨋ੐ᬺ┙᩺䈱ታ㓙
੐ᬺෳട⠪䈫䈱੐೨⏕⹺੐㗄
䋱䋮႐ᚲ䈱ㆬቯ
䋲䋮੐ᬺታᣉ䈱䈢䉄䈱ᓎഀಽᜂ
䋳䋮ᬀᨋ੐ᬺ⸘↹䈱┙᩺
䋴䋮䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈱⺞ᩏ䊶⸳ቯ
䋵䋮䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫᩺
䋶䋮ឃ಴䇮䊥䊷䉬䉾䉳䈱▚ቯ
䋷䋮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈮䉋䉎CO2ๆ෼㊂䈱▚ቯ
䋸䋮CDMᬀᨋ䈱੐ᬺᕈ
䋹䋮࿾ၞ␠ળ䊶⚻ᷣᓇ㗀⺞ᩏ
䋱䋰䋮ⅣႺᓇ㗀⺞ᩏ
䋱䋱䋮CDMᬀᨋ੐ᬺ䈱⺖㗴
䋱䋲䋮ᬀᨋ੐ᬺ䈱ലᨐ
(1) ಴⾗⠪䋺ᣣᧄડᬺ
䊶 ਇ⏕ቯⷐ⚛䈫䈅䉍ᓧ䉎ᦨᖡ䉬䊷䉴
䊶 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ਛᱛᤨ䈱ಣℂ䋨․䈮ኻ૑᳃䋩
䊶 ᓎഀಽᜂ䇮⾌↪⽶ᜂ䇮෼⋉ಽ㈩䈱⏕⹺
(2) ੐ᬺታᣉ⠪䊶ෳട⠪䋺⃻࿾ડᬺ䇮࿾ၞ૑᳃䇮⃻࿾NGO
䊶 ᓎഀಽᜂ䇮⾌↪⽶ᜂ
䊶 䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䈱ಽ㈩
䊶 ᄾ⚂੐㗄䈱⏕ታ䈭ጁⴕ䈱ᜂ଻
䊶 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ਛᱛᤨ䈱ಣℂᣇᴺ䇮䊕䊅䊦䊁䉞╬
(3) ⋧ᚻ࿖ਛᄩ䊶࿾ᣇⴕ᡽ᐭ
䊶 ⋧ᚻ࿖ᴺⷙ䇮ⷙ೙䇮૕೙䈱♖ᩏ
䊶 䇸࿾ၞ㐿⊒䇹䈮ኻ䈜䉎䉰䊘䊷䊃ⷐ⺧
䊶 䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃ಽ㈩
䋱-2 ૏⟎࿑
䋱-1 ႐ᚲ䈱ㆬቯ䋨䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝䈱଀䋩
䊑䊨䊝ጊ
(1) ႐ᚲ䋺᧲䉳䊞䊪Ꮊ䊒䊨䊗䊥䊮䉯⋵ౝ䈱⇌࿾
⃻႐䈪૗䈮࿎䈦䈩䈇䉎䈎䇮ᬀᨋ䈮㑐ㅪ䈚䈩䈬䈉䈇䈉⸃᳿ᣇᴺ䈏䈅䉎䈎䇮
⃻႐䉕䉋䈒⷗䇮࿾ర䈱ડᬺ䇮૑᳃䇮ⴕ᡽䇮ቇ⼂⠪䈫䊂䉞䉴䉦䉾䉲䊢䊮䈜䉎䇯
䊒䊨䊗䊥䊮䉯
᧲䉳䊞䊪䈱⇌࿾䋨ἠṴ䈭䈚䋩
᧲䉳䊞䊪䈱⇌࿾䋨䊙䊮䉯䊷࿦䋩
ἠṴ↪᳓〝
― 117 ―
䋱-3 ㆡᩰ࿾䋨ㄘ࿾╬䋩
⨲࿾
䋱-4 ᧲䉳䊞䊪Ꮊ䊒䊨䊗䊥䊮䉯⋵ౝ䈱4㇭䈱૏⟎
ᄬᢌ䈚䈢ᨐ᮸࿦
Tongas
䋺7,795 ha
Sumberasih䋺3,025 ha
Wonomerto䋺4,567 ha
Lumbang 䋺9,271 ha
Total
㪂
24,658 ha
᳓↰(ะ䈖䈉)䈫⨹ᑄ࿾(ᚻ೨)
⨹ᑄ࿾
ੇቄ䈲᳓䈭䈚
੗ᚭជ೥
䈮䉋䉎ἠṴ
䋱-5 ᬀᨋ੐ᬺ⸘↹࿾䈪䈱૞੗䈮䉋䉎ἠṴ
䋱-6 ᷓ੗ᚭ䈮䉋䉎ἠṴ䉝䉫䊨䊐䉤䊧䉴䊃䊥䊷
⹜ជ੗ᚭ义⋵੐ᬺ䶷Ყ
䷅㕖Ᏹ䶷◲ᤃ乊
వ┵䊄䊥䊦
ᷓ੗ᚭ䈱ជ೥
⋵䶺⁛⥄੐ᬺ䶳䷎㐿⸳
义丙丶䷸䶙ㆃ䶑 )
+
᳓䉕೑↪䈜䉎
ઃㄭ䈱૑᳃
䈖䈱࿾䈪䈱⋵䈱⸳⟎䊕䊷䉴䈲1䌾2ၮ䋯ᐕ
䋲-1 ੐ᬺታᣉ䈱䈢䉄䈱ᓎഀಽᜂ
䋲-2 䌃䌄䌍ᬀᨋ੐ᬺ䈱઀⚵䉂(଀)
(1) ੐ᬺ┙᩺
૑෹ᨋᬺᩣᑼળ␠
ᄾ⚂
㸢↢↥ᧁ᧚䉕⾈ข䉍଻⸽
䋨㊀ⷐ䈭䉟䊮䉶䊮䊁䉞䊑䋩
(3) ੐ᬺෳട⠪
䊶࿾ၞ૑᳃䊥䊷䉻䊷䋨㊀ⷐ䋩
䊶࿾ၞ૑᳃
⑳┙ᄢቇ
ℂ੐㐳
૑෹ᨋᬺ
(2) ੐ᬺታᣉ⠪
࿾రᧁᎿળ␠
วᗧ
࿾ర
㓸⩄䈘䉏䈢ᬀᨋᧁ
ᧁᎿળ␠
䊑䊨䉾䉪䊗䊷䊄䈫䈚䈩⵾ຠൻ
ᄾ⚂
࿾ၞ᦭ജ⠪
࿾ၞ᦭ജ⠪
࿾ၞ᦭ജ⠪
(৻ㇱ䈲ᄾ⚂)
(4) ᬀᨋ↪࿾䈱೑↪ᒻᘒ
ㄘ᳃
䊶୫࿾
䊶ಽ෼
䊶୫࿾䈫ಽ෼䈱⚵䉂ว䉒䈞
ㄘ᳃
ㄘ᳃
ㄘ᳃
ㄘ᳃
ㄘ᳃
㶎 1਎Ꮺᒰ䈢䉍ᐔဋᚲ᦭࿾㕙Ⓧ 0.5䌾1 ha
― 118 ―
ㄘ᳃
䋳-2 ᬀᩱ੍ቯ䈱᮸ᧁ䈱⋥ᓘ䋯᮸㜞䈱ᚑ㐳੍᷹
䋳-1 ᬀᨋ੐ᬺ⸘↹䈱┙᩺䋨଀䋩
㑆બ䋨ᮡḰ䋩
⃻࿾䈪ᣢሽ䈱ᬀᨋ࿾䈱䊂䊷䉺䉕෼㓸䈜䉎
20ᐕ
໧㗴ὐ 䊶㜞㦂ᨋಽ䈱䊂䊷䉺䈏䈭䈇
Estimated Growth of DBH and Height of Gmelina
䊶⨹ᑄ࿾䈱႐วᬀᨋኻ⽎᮸ᧁ䈠䈱䉅䈱䈏䈭䈇
䉝䉫䊨䊐䉤䊧䉴䊃䊥䊷
Gmelina
Waru
Teak
675
675
150
135
1,000
135
1,000
30
600
7ᐕ⋡
7ᐕ⋡
700㸢400ᧄ
750㸢400ᧄ
67 m3/ha
44 m3/ha
10ᐕ
153 m3/ha
14ᐕ⋡
198 m3/ha
䈭䈚
37
53
䋭
35
estimated DBH
estimated Height
actual DBH
actual Height
DBH in SLJ(SBL)
H in SLJ(SBL)
30
DBH (cm) / Height (m)
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᦼ㑆
ᬀᨋᣇᑼ
᮸⒳
ᬀᨋ㕙Ⓧ ᄢⷙᮨ 1,500
(ha)
ha)
ዊⷙᮨ 300
ᬀᩱᧄᢙ(
ᬀᩱᧄᢙ(ᧄ/ha)
ha)
䈭䈚
25
䊂䊷䉺䈏䈭䈇
20
15
10
ਥબ䋨ᮡḰ䋩
᧚ଔ(USD/m
᧚ଔ(USD/m3)
5
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Age (year)
䋳-3 ᬀᩱ੍ቯᧁ䈱᧚Ⓧᚑ㐳੍᷹
䋳-4 ᬀᩱ᮸⒳䈱ᚑ㐳䈱଀
世丬䷷䷦䷮万ኻ⽎࿾ౝ
㪞㫉㫆㫎㫋㪿㩷㫆㪽㩷㪞㫄㪼㫃㫀㫅㪸㩷㫀㫅㩷㫅㫆㫅㪄㫀㫃㫀㪾㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸
250
㪭㫆㫃㫌㫄㪼㩷㪞㫄㪼㫃㫀㫅㪸㩷㪞㫆㫆㪻
200
㪭㫆㫃㫌㫄㪼㩷㪞㫄㪼㫃㫀㫅㪸㩷㪤㫀㪻㪻㫃㪼
ᄢ⢙䈭੍ᗐ䈫䈭䉌䈙
䉎䉕ᓧ䈭䈇
1ᐕ↢Gmelina
ෳ(⠨
100
)
50
1ᐕ↢Waru
世丬䷷䷦䷮万ኻ⽎࿾ᄖ
Volume(m3/ha)
㪭㫆㫃㫌㫄㪼㩷㪞㫄㪼㫃㫀㫅㪸㩷㪧㫆㫆㫉
150
0
0
5
Age
10
15
7ᐕ↢Gmelina
1.5ᐕ↢Waru
䋳-5 䉝䉫䊨䊐䉤䊧䉴䊃䊥䊷䈱଀䋨਄ᧁFalcata䋩
䋳-6 ᬀᨋ࿾䈱CO2ๆ෼㊂⹜▚
CO2ๆ෼㊂䋽ฦ᮸⒳䈱᧚Ⓧᚑ㐳㊂ว⸘ 䌸 Ყ㊀
䌸 䋰䋮䋵 䌸 䋴䋴㬭䋱䋲 䌸 ᜛ᄢଥᢙ
᧚Ⓧᚑ㐳㊂䋽ᐕ㑆ᐔဋᚑ㐳㊂ 䌸 ᐕᢙ
ᐕ㑆ᐔဋᚑ㐳㊂䈱᳞䉄ᣇ
䊶 䈠䈱࿾ၞ䈱෼ⓠ⴫䈏䈅䉏䈳䈠䉏䉕೑↪䈜䉎
2ᐕ↢Falcata+㘺ᢱ૞‛
䊶 ෼ⓠ⴫䈏䈭䈔䉏䈳ኻ⽎࿾䉁䈢䈲䈠䈱ㄭ㓞䈱ᣢሽᬀ
ᨋ࿾䊂䊷䉺䈎䉌Tᐕ↢䈱⋥ᓘD䇮᮸㜞H䇮┙ᧁᧄᢙn䉕
ផቯ䈚䇮᧚Ⓧ䉕᳞䉄䇮Tᐕ䈪ഀ䉎䇯
2ᐕ↢Falcata+䊌䉟䊅䉾䊒䊦
D(m)2䌸3.14㬭4䌸H(m)䌸ଥᢙ*1䌸n㬭T
ଥᢙ*1䋺ᄙ䈒䈱䉰䊮䊒䊦ᧁ䉕⎕უᬌᩏ䈚䇮නᧁ䈱D2H䈫ታ᧚Ⓧ䉕䊒
䊨䉾䊃䈚䈠䈱Ყ䉕᳞䉄䉎䇯
4ᐕ↢Falcata+䊌䊌䉟䉝
― 119 ―
䋴-1 䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮ᣇᴺ⺰
䋴-2 䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮ᣇᴺ⺰(䈧䈨䈐)
3) 䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼
䊋䉡䊮䉻䊥䊷ౝ䈱὇⚛⫾Ⓧ䈱ᄌൻ䈲⃻⁁⛽ᜬ䈘䉏䉎
1) ኻ⽎䈫䈜䉎䉦䊷䊗䊮
࿾਄ㇱ䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䇮࿾ਅㇱ䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䇮࿯ფ὇⚛
2) ኻ⽎࿾䈱᧦ઙ
ℂ↱ 㽲 ᦨ⽺ㄘ᳃䈪ᚲ᦭࿯࿾ዊ䈘䈒䇮෼౉䉅ዋ䈭䈇䇯
㽳 㘩♳䉕࿯࿾ଐሽ䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯
㽴 ᄖㇱ䈎䉌䈱௛䈐䈎䈔䉇᡽╷ᄌᦝ䈭䈔䉏䈳⃻⁁⛽ᜬ䇯
㽲 䈖䉏䉁䈪㐳䉌䈒ੇ῎ㄘ࿾䉁䈢䈲᡼᫈࿾䈪䈅䈦䈢
㽳 ࿾ၞ૑᳃䈲㘩♳↢↥䉕䈚䈩䈇䈩䇮ഭോ䈲⼾ን
䈪䈅䉎
㽴 ࿾ၞ૑᳃䈮ᬀᨋ䈜䉎⚻ᷣ⊛૛⵨䈲䈭䈇
㽵 ᬀᨋ䈲ណ▚䈮ว䉒䈝䇮᡽ᐭ䈱ᅑബ╷䉅䈭䈇
4) ㅊടᕈ䈱⸽᣿
㽲 㘃ૃ䈚䈢᡽ᐭ䈱ᬀᨋ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈏䈭䈇䈖䈫
㽳 ⚻ᷣ⊛䈮䉅⽷᡽⊛䈮䉅ᬀᨋ䈮㝯ജ䈏䈭䈇䈖䈫
㽴 ㅢᏱ䈱ᬀᨋ䈣䈫᮸ᧁ䈱↢ሽ₸䈏ਅ䈏䉍䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃
䈏ᚑ┙䈚䈭䈇䈖䈫
䋴-4 䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮⺞ᩏ࿾᮸ᧁ㈩⟎࿑
䋴-3 䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮䈱⺞ᩏ䊶⸳ቯ
ਥⷐ᮸⒳䈱䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂ၮ␆⺞ᩏ
100
⺞ᩏ䊒䊨䉾䊃᮸౰ᛩᓇ࿑
㪥
10000
㫆㫋㪿㪼㫉㫊㩷㪌㫄
90
Mimbo
Mimbo(Est)
Jaran
Jaran(Est)
Kapok
Kapok(Est)
Mango
Mango(Est)
Lamtoro
Lamtoro (Est)
Sengon
Sengon (est)
㫆㫋㪿㪼㫉㫊㩷㪉㫄
80
㫁㪸㫉㪸㫅㩷㪉㫄
1000
㪢㪸㫇㫆㫂㩷㪏㫄
70
㪢㪸㫇㫆㫂㩷㪌㫄
log(DW)
60
㪢㪸㫇㫆㫂㩷㪋㫄
㪢㪸㫇㫆㫂㩷㪊㫄
100
50
㪢㪸㫇㫆㫂㩷㪉㫄
㪤㫀㫄㪹㫆㩷㪎㫄
40
㪤㫀㫄㪹㫆㩷㪌㫄
30
10
㪤㫀㫄㪹㫆㩷㪋㫄
㪤㫀㫄㪹㫆㩷㪊㫄
20
㪤㫀㫄㪹㫆㩷㪉㫄
10
0.001
0.010
0.100
1
1.000
10.000
log(D^2H)
0
0
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮ᬀ↢
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮ᬀ↢ᚑ㐳㊂(‘03/12䌾’05/1)
ㄘ ࿾
ᚲ᦭࿾Ⴚ⇇ᧁ
1.13(CO2ton/ha/ᐕ)㸢㐳ᦼ⊛䈮䈲䉷䊨䈮ㄭ䈇
Ⴚ⇇ᧁ⸘᷹㘑᥊
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
䋵-1 䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫ᣇᴺ⺰
䋴-5 䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐ
⃻ ⁁
10
1) CO2ๆ෼㊂䈱䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫
㽲 ࿾਄ㇱ䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䊶࿾ਅㇱ䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ෳട⠪䋺 ᬀᩱ䈘䉏䈢᮸ᧁ䈱⋥ᓘ䈫᮸㜞䉕⸘᷹䇯
㐿⊒⠪䋺 䈠䈱⚿ᨐ䈎䉌࿾਄ㇱ䊶࿾ਅㇱ䈱䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴㊂䉕⸘▚䇯
䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮ๆ෼㊂䈲䉰䊮䊒䊦䊒䊨䉾䊃⺞ᩏ䇯
㽳 ࿯ფ὇⚛
㐿⊒⠪䈏䊒䊨䉾䊃䉕⸳ቯ䈚䇮࿾⴫ਅ5䌾10cm䇮10䌾15cm䇮15䌾
20cm䈱࿯ფ䉰䊮䊒䊦ਛ䈱᦭ᯏ὇⚛㊂䉕⸘᷹䈜䉎䇯
࿾ၞ૑᳃䈱Ά᧚ណข
2) ឃ಴䈱䊝䊆䉺䊥䊮䉫
㽲 Άᢱ
ᧁ᧚ㆇ៝↪ઁฦゞਔ䇮ἠṴ↪䊘䊮䊒䇮䉼䉢䊮䉸䊷䈱Άᢱᶖ⾌㊂䉕
䉰䊮䊒䊥䊮䉫⺞ᩏ䈜䉎䇯
㽳 N2O
ᣉ⢈䈮䉋䉎N2O䈱᡼಴㊂䈱ផቯ䈲䌇䌐䌇䈮䉋䉎䇯
― 120 ―
䋶-1 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ឃ಴ 䋭䋱䋭
䋶-2 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈱ឃ಴ 䋭䋲䋭
ᣉ⢈䈮䉋䉎N2O䈱᡼಴
(1) ᣉ⢈䈮䉋䉎N2O䈱᡼಴
䊶 ㄘ᳃䈮䉋䉎ㄘ૞‛䈻䈱ᣉ⢈䈲ᓥ᧪ㅢ䉍䇯
(2) ゞਔΆᢱ䈎䉌䈱ឃ಴
䊶 ᬀᩱᧁ䈱䈢䉄䈱ᣉ⢈(N15%)䈲䇮ᬀᨋ䋱䉰䉟䉪䊦䈅䈢䉍䇮
1ᐕ⋡ 䋻 80g/ᧄ䌸1,000ᧄ/ha䋽80 kg/ha
䊶 ⧣ㆇ៝䈭䈬䈱ᬀᨋ૞ᬺ↪ゞਔ䈱Άᢱ
2ᐕ⋡ 䋻 120g/ᧄ䌸900ᧄ/ha䋽108 kg/ha
䊶 ᬀᨋ࿾▤ℂ↪ゞਔ䈱Άᢱ
ว⸘
188 kg/ha 䋨N㊂28.2 kg/ha䋩
䊶 ଻⢒૞ᬺຬㅍㄫ↪ゞਔ䈱Άᢱ
㸢 ઒䈮N㊂䈱1.25% (GPG 3.2.1.4.1.2䋩䈏N2O䈮䈭䉎䈫䇮
䊶 ㆏〝⵬ୃ䈱䈢䉄䈱ゞਔ䈱Άᢱ
N2O ㊂឵▚䋽28.2 kg䌸1.25%䋽0.3525 kg/ha
CO2឵▚䋽 N2O㊂䌸310䋽109.275 kg/ha
(3) ἠṴ↪੗ᚭ૞േ↪䊘䊮䊒䈱Άᢱ䈎䉌䈱ឃ಴
䋽0.109 ton-CO2/ha/ 䉰䉟䉪䊦
(4) બណ䈱䈢䉄䈱䉼䉢䊷䊮䉸䊷Άᢱ䈎䉌䈱ឃ಴
䊶 䋲䋰ᐕ㑆䈪ᣂⷙᬀᨋ㕙Ⓧ䈏3,700ha䈅䉎䈱䈪
ᐕ㑆䈱CO2ឃ಴㊂䋽0.109䌸3,700ha䋯20ᐕ䋽20.16ton-CO2䋯ᐕ
䋶-4 ⃻႐䈪䈱䇸ᛛⴚ㐿⊒䇹䈫䉮䉴䊃೥ᷫ䈱Ꮏᄦ
䋶-3 䊥䊷䉬䉾䉳䈱▚ቯ
બណ⃻႐䈱৻ⷺ䈮⵾᧚ᚲᑪ⸳䈚䇮䈠䈖䈮
ਣᄥ䉕㓸Ⓧ䈜䉎䇯
(1) ᧁ᧚ㆇ៝ゞਔ䈱Άᢱ䈎䉌䈱ឃ಴䋨1,500ha䈱႐ว)
ਣ㍍
䊶 䋷ᐕ⋡䈎䉌㑆બ㐿ᆎ䇮એᓟ20ᐕ㑆䈪40ਁm3䈱಴᧚
䊶 䊃䊤䉾䉪1บ䈅䈢䉍10m3Ⓧタ䇮Ά⾌䋨シᴤ䋩6km䋯䊥䉾䊃䊦
䊶 ᬀᨋ࿾䋭Ꮏ႐ᓔᓳ 50km
⵾᧚ਣ㍍䈧䈐⥄ኅ⵾⥄േゞ
䊶 ૶↪Άᢱ䋽40ਁm3䋯10m3 䌸 50km䋯6km
䋽333,333 䊥䉾䊃䊦
䊶 CO2ឃ಴㊂䋽333,333 䊥䉾䊃䊦 䌸 2.624 kgCO2/䊥䉾䊃䊦
䋽874.666 tonCO2
䊶 ᐕᐔဋ䋽874.666㬭13ᐕ䋽 67.28 tonCO2䋯ᐕ
1᳇╴⊒േᯏ䋨ਣ㍍േജ౗䈰䉎䋩
䉥䊷䊃䊋䉟䈱䉣䊮䉳䊮䉕േജ䈮䈚䈢ਣ㍍
䋶-5 ឃ಴䊶䊥䊷䉬䉾䉳⸘▚⚿ᨐ
䋷-1 䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈮䉋䉎CO2ๆ෼㊂䈱⸘▚
ᬀᨋ㕙Ⓧ䋺1,500ha
No.
ឃ಴䈱⒳㘃
1
ᣉ⢈䈮䉋䉎N2O䈱᡼಴
2
⧣ㆇ៝䈭䈬ᬀᨋ૞ᬺ↪ゞਔ䈱Άᢱ
3
ᬀᨋ࿾▤ℂ↪ゞਔ䈱Άᢱ
4
଻⢒૞ᬺຬㅍㄫゞਔ䈱Άᢱ
5
બណ䈱䈢䉄䈱㆏〝⵬ୃ↪ゞਔ䈱Άᢱ
6
ἠṴ↪੗ᚭ૞േ䈱䈢䉄䈱Άᢱ
7
બណ䈱䈢䉄䈱䉼䉢䊷䊮䉸䊷Άᢱ
8
ᧁ᧚ㆇ៝ゞਔ䈱Άᢱ䋪䋱
ว⸘
ឃ಴㊂
(t-CO2/ᐕ䋩
ੱὑ⊛⚐ๆ෼㊂ 䋽⃻ታ⚐ๆ෼㊂
20.16
0.44
3.48
17.50
1.31
68.00
䋭䊔䊷䉴䊤䉟䊮⚐ๆ෼㊂
䋭䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ឃ಴㊂
䋭䊥䊷䉬䉾䉳
9.98
67.28
188.15
䋪䋱䋺㑆બ䈲7ᐕ⋡㑆બ䈎䉌㐿ᆎ
― 121 ―
䋷-2 ᬀᨋ࿾(1,500ha)䈱┙ᧁ᧚Ⓧ䇮બណ᧚Ⓧ䈫
⚐ੱὑ⊛CO2ๆ෼㊂䈱ផ⒖
150,000
䋸-1 CDMᬀᨋ䈱੐ᬺᕈ䋭䋱䋭
બណ᧚Ⓧ㩿㫄㪊㪀
㪞㫄㪼㫃㫀㫅㪸ᐙ᧚Ⓧ㩿㫄㪊㪀
㪫㪼㪸㫂ᐙ᧚Ⓧ㩿㫄㪊㪀
නᐕᐲ㪚㪦㪉ๆ෼㊂㩿㫋㫆㫅㪀
200,000
ੱὑ⊛㪚㪦㪉⚐ๆ෼㊂ว⸘㩿㫋㫆㫅㪀
50,000
100,000
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
㪚㪦㪉ๆ෼㊂㩿㫋㪄㪚㪦㪉㪀䇭䋨᛬䉏✢䉫䊤䊐䋩
┙ᧁ᧚Ⓧ㩿㫄㪊㪀䋯બណ᧚Ⓧ㩿㫄㪊㪀䇭䋨᫔䉫䊤䊐䋩
㪮㪸㫉㫌ᐙ᧚Ⓧ㩿㫄㪊㪀
100,000
ᬀᨋ㕙Ⓧ
1,500ha
⸘▚᧦ઙ
୫࿾ઍ䈭䈚䇯ᧁ᧚෼ⓠᤨಽ෼₸50%
ᬀᩱ᮸⒳䋨ᮡḰબᦼ䋩
Gmelina (10ᐕ)䇮Waru (14ᐕ)
Teak (બណ䈚䈭䈇)
෼ᡰ⸘▚
ᧁ᧚ᄁ䉍਄䈕䋨ජUS)
ᡰ಴䋨ජUS)
෼ᡰ
⚐ੱὑ⊛ๆ෼㊂(ton-CO2)
lCER
(ජUS/ton)
-50,000
䋸-2 CDMᬀᨋ䈱੐ᬺᕈ䋭䋲䋭
୫࿾ઍ䇭㪇㩷㪬㪪㪛㪆㪿㪸㪆ᐕ
୫࿾ઍ䇭㪈㪇㪇㪬㪪㪛㪆㪿㪸㪆ᐕ
୫࿾ઍ䇭㪇㩷㪬㪪㪛㪆㪿㪸㪆ᐕ
୫࿾ઍ䇭㪈㪇㪇㪬㪪㪛㪆㪿㪸㪆ᐕ
10 USD/ton
1,445
550
20 USD/ton
2,891
1,100
IRR=6.9%
3,991
IRR=12.1%
⡞䈐ข䉍⺞ᩏ㗄⋡
୫࿾ઍ䇭㪌㪇㪬㪪㪛㪆㪿㪸㪆ᐕ
୫࿾ઍ䇭㪈㪌㪇㪬㪪㪛㪆㪿㪸㪆ᐕ
୫࿾ઍ䇭㪌㪇㪬㪪㪛㪆㪿㪸㪆ᐕ
୫࿾ઍ䇭㪈㪌㪇㪬㪪㪛㪆㪿㪸㪆ᐕ
䊶ᐕ㦂䇮ኅᣖ᭴ᚑ䇮⡯ᬺ䇮෼౉
䊶ᚲ᦭࿾㕙Ⓧ䇮࿯࿾೑↪⁁ᴫ
20
IRR (%)
20ᐕ⸘
9,400
4,008
5,392
199,537
1,995
䋹-1 ࿾ၞ␠ળ䊶⚻ᷣᓇ㗀⺞ᩏ 䋭䋱䋭
1,500ha䉁䈢䈲300ha䈱AR-CDM䈮䈍䈔䉎CERଔᩰ䈫IRR䈱㑐ଥ
䋨CER⵬Ⴏ⾌↪䈲฽䉁䈭䈇䋩
25
೨ඨ10ᐕ ᓟඨ10ᐕ
2,560
6,840
2,776
1,232
-216
5,608
144,554
54,983
-100,000
ᐕᐲ
30
20ᐕ
䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ᦼ㑆
300,000
䊶CDMᬀᨋ੐ᬺዉ౉䈮ኻ䈜䉎⠨䈋╬
䈖䈱⺞ᩏ䉕ቯᦼ⊛䈮
➅䉍㄰䈚䇮ᓇ㗀䉕⺞
ᩏ䈜䉎䇯
15
10
㸢૑᳃䈻䈱CDMᬀᨋ䈱
⺑᣿ᔅⷐ䈣䈏䇮ℂዮ䈱
ℂ⸃䉕ᓧ䉎䈱䈲࿎㔍䇯
5
0
0
5
10
CERଔᩰ䇭(USD/t-CO2)
15
20
䋹-2 ࿾ၞ␠ળ䊶⚻ᷣᓇ㗀⺞ᩏ 䋭䋲䋭
䋹-3 ࿾ၞ␠ળ䊶⚻ᷣᓇ㗀⺞ᩏ 䋭䋳䋭
CDM੐ᬺ䈮㑐ㅪ䈜䉎ᴺᓞ䇮᡽઎╬䈱⺞ᩏ
䋱䋮᫪ᨋ䈱▤ℂ䈮㑐䈜䉎ᴺᓞ
䋲䋮࿯࿾䈱೑↪ᮭ䈮㑐䈜䉎ᴺᓞ
䋳䋮CDM㑐ㅪ䈱ᴺᓞ䋨䈅䉏䈳䋩
࿾ၞ૑᳃䈻䈱⃻࿾⺑᣿ળ
䋴䋮ⅣႺᓇ㗀㑐ㅪ䈱ᴺᓞ
䋵䋮ਛᄩ᡽ᐭ䋨⋭೎䋩䈫࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭ䈱ᮭ㒢䈮㑐ㅪ䈜䉎ᴺᓞ
䋶䋮ᄖ⾗♽ડᬺ䈱ᛩ⾗ⷙ೙䈮㑐䈜䉎ᴺᓞ
࿾ၞ૑᳃ᜰዉ⠪䈫䈱⹤䈚ว䈇
䋷䋮ᄖ⾗♽ડᬺ䉁䈢䈲ᄖ࿖ੱ䈱࿖ౝᬺോ䈮㑐䈜䉎ᴺᓞ
䋸䋮䋨⋧ᚻ࿖䈱䋩࿖ౝડᬺ䈱ᬺോ▸࿐䈮㑐䈜䉎ᴺᓞ
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䋱䋰-1 ⅣႺᓇ㗀⺞ᩏ
10-2 ࿾ਅ᳓೑↪䈮㑐䈜䉎ⅣႺ䉝䉶䉴䊜䊮䊃⚿ᨐ
1) 䊒䊨䊗䊥䊮䉯⋵䈱ᐕ㑆㒠᳓㊂䋺1,500䌾1,750mm
䉟䊮䊄䊈䉲䉝䈪䈱ⅣႺᓇ㗀⹏ଔታᣉၮḰ䈲
AMDAL : Analisa Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan
2) ⋵ో૕䈱㒠᳓㊂䈫࿾ਅ᳓䈱㑐ଥ
䈮ⷙቯ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯
䋳䋵ంm3
ో㒠᳓㊂
䋱䋴ంm3
⫳⊒㊂
ᬀᨋᵴേ䈮㑐䈚䈩䈲䇮㕙Ⓧ10,000haએ਄䈱႐วᔅⷐ
䋱ంm3
࿾⴫ᵹ੢
㸢1,500ha 䈱႐ว䈲ਇⷐ
䋲䋰ంm3
࿾ਅ᳓
䋰䋮䋵ంm3
⋵ౝ䈱ᣢሽ䈱੗ᚭ䈎䉌䈱឴᳓
ᧄ䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃䈮䉋䉎឴᳓䋨䊘䊮䊒䋴䋵ၮ䋩
䋱䋱-1 CDMᬀᨋ䈱⺖㗴 䋭1䋭
䋱䋱-2 CDMᬀᨋ䈱⺖㗴 䋭䋲䋭
ಽ䋱䋱䋮CDMᬀᨋ䈱⺖㗴
㘃
䊥䉴䉪䈱⒳㘃
䋭䋱䋭
㧝㧚CDM೙ᐲ
↱᧪
㧞㧚ᛛⴚ↱᧪
ಽ 㘃
(1) ╙Τ⚂᧤ᦼ㑆એ㒠ߩ೙ᐲਇ᣿
(2) ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻⚳ੌᤨ‫᦭ޔ‬ലᦼ㑆⚳ੌᤨߩ⵬Ⴏ⟵ോ
(3) ክ⼏ㅴⴕ‫ޔ‬᳿ቯ੐㗄ߩᚻ⛯߈ᣇᴺឭ␜߇߅ߘ޿
(4) AR-CDMߩCERଔᩰ߇ᭂ߼ߡ቟޿
(5) BAUߩቯ⟵ߣขࠅᛒ޿ਇ᣿⏕
(6) ㆡᩰ࿾ቯ⟵⁜ߊ‫ޔ‬㕙Ⓧ߹ߣ߹ࠄߕኻ⽎࿾ᢔ࿷
(7) ᬌ⸽࡮⹺⸽ࠦࠬ࠻㜞
(8) ␠ળᓇ㗀⺞ᩏ࡮ⅣႺᓇ㗀⺞ᩏࠦࠬ࠻⽶ᜂ
㧟㧚ㅜ਄࿖ߩ␠
ળ࡮᡽ᴦ೙
ᐲ↱᧪
ಽ 㘃
㧡㧚⥄ὼ↱᧪
䊥䉴䉪䈱⒳㘃
(1) ᡽ᴦᄌൻ
࡮᡽ᄌ
࡮⒢೙㧔੐ᬺ‫‛ޔ‬ຠ‫ޔ‬CER‫ޔ‬ᄖ⾗ᛩ⾗㊄㗵㧕
࡮ਛᄩ᡽ᐭߩᣇ㊎ᄌᦝ
࡮࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭߩᣇ㊎ᄌᦝ
࡮࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭߣߩㅪ៤ᣇᴺ
(2) ⚻ᷣᄌൻ
࡮ㅢ⽻ᄌേ
࡮‛ଔᄌേ(ࠗࡦࡈ࡟)
࡮ᧁ᧚ଔᩰᄌേ
(3) ᴺᓞ࡮⻉ⷙ೙ߩ೙ቯ‫ୃޔ‬ᱜ
࡮CDM㑐ㅪ࿖ౝᴺ᩺
࡮࿯࿾೑↪ᴺߦ߆߆ࠊࠆᴺᓞ
࡮ᄖ⾗ߩᛩ⾗೙㒢╬
࡮ᧁ᧚೑↪ᣇᴺ‫⺞ޔ‬㆐ᣇᴺߩⷙ೙
(1) ᮸ᧁߩᚑ㐳੍᷹ߣ⃻ታᚑ㐳ߩ⺋Ꮕ߇੍᷹࿎㔍
(2) ᣢሽᬀᨋ࿾ߥ޿႐ว‫ޔ‬᮸⒳ㆬᛯߦᤨ㑆߆߆ࠆ
(3) ᬀᨋ࿾▤ℂᣇᴺ㧔࠺࡯࠲▤ℂ฽߻㧕
(4) ᯏེ(ࡐࡦࡊ╬)࠻࡜ࡉ࡞
(5) ੗ᚭ᳓㊂ਇ⿷࡮ᷢ᳓
(6) ࠕࠣࡠࡈࠜ࡟ࠬ࠻࡝࡯ㄘ૞‛ߩᷫ෼‫⺋ޔ‬ㆬᛯ
䋱䋱-3 CDMᬀᨋ䈱⺖㗴 䋭䋳䋭
㧠㧚ੱ↱᧪
䋰䋮䋰䋱ంm3
䋱䋱-4 CDMᬀᨋ䈱⺖㗴 䋭䋴䋭
1) ජੱ䉕⿥䈜ㄘ᳃䈱᳇ᜬ䈤䉕㐳ᦼ㑆䉁䈫䉄䉌䉏䉎䈎䋿
㸢ᰴ਎ઍ૑᳃䊥䊷䉻䊷䈱㙃ᚑ
㸢දห⚵ว⚵❱ൻ䈏ᔅⷐ
䊥䉴䉪䈱⒳㘃
(1) ࡝࡯࠳࡯ߩㆬቯߣ਎ઍ੤ઍ
(2) ෳട⠪߇ᄙᢙ
ᢙජߥߩߢ೙ᐲ๟⍮࡮ᄾ⚂࡮▤ℂ
ߦᚻ㑆ߣᤨ㑆߇߆߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬
(3) ෳട⠪ߩᔃℂᄌൻ
(4) ෳട⠪ߩ਎ઍ੤ઍ‫↥⽷ޔ‬ಽਈ
(5) ࿯࿾ᄁ⾈(ᚲ᦭ᮭ⒖ォ)
(6) ࿯࿾೑↪ᄌൻ㧔ㄘ࿾ψቛ࿾‫ޔ‬㆏〝‫ޔ‬Ꮏ႐etc㧕
(7) ࿯࿾Ⴚ⇇໧㗴╬࠻࡜ࡉ࡞⊒↢
(8) ࿾ၞ␠ળ⽸₂(ㅊട╷ߥߤ)ߩⷐ⺧
(9) ᧁ᧚⋑㔍‫⋑ޔ‬બ
2) ኻ⽎࿾ಽᢔ䇮㕙ⓍჇട䈮䉋䉍⸳஻⾌䇮▤ℂ䉮䉴䊃Ⴧട
㸢⸳஻䈮ኻ䈚䈩䈲ODA╬䈱ᢇᷣភ⟎䈏น⢻䈪䈲䋿
3) ᦭ലᦼ㑆⚳ੌᤨ䉁䈢䈲䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃⚳ੌᤨ䈱䉪䊧䉳䉾
䊃⵬Ⴏ⽿છ䈲䈣䉏䈏䈫䉎䈱䈎䋿
㸢䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃㐿⊒⠪䈮⵬Ⴏ⟵ോ䈅䉎䈫ᨋᬺ෼⋉䈭䈇
㸢䈠䈱ᤨ䈱⵬Ⴏ↪䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃ଔᩰ䉅ਇ᣿
(1) ᳇⽎࡮ᄤ୥⇣ᄌ
(2) ᮸⒳․᦭ߩᧂ⏕⹺ᕈ⾰
(3) ∛⯻₞ኂ
㸢෼⋉੐ᬺ䈫䈚䈩䈲⌕ᚻ࿎㔍
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䋱䋲-1 AR-CDM੐ᬺ䈱ലᨐ
12-2 AR-CDM੐ᬺ䉕ታᣉ䈜䉎䈫䈜䉏䈳
䋱䋮࿾ၞ⚻ᷣ㕙䈻䈱⽸₂
1)
2)
3)
4)
੗ᚭ䈮䉋䉎ㄘᬺ↢↥ᕈ䈱ะ਄
ㄘᬺ↢↥䈫ᧁ᧚↢↥䈮䉋䉎࿾ၞ૑᳃䈱෼౉Ⴧട
࿾ၞ૑᳃䈻䈱㓹↪䊶⾓㊄ഭ௛䈱ឭଏ
⵾᧚╬䈱ዊⷙᮨᧁ᧚Ꮏᬺ䇮ㆇㅍᬺ╬䈱⿠ᬺ
䋱䋮ડᬺ䈱䌃䌓䌒ᵴേ䈫䈚䈩
1) 㔖⚦ㄘ᳃䈻䈱⚻ᷣᵄ෸ലᨐ䈏ᄢ䈐䈇␠ળ⽸₂
੐ᬺ
2) ੐ᬺᕈ䉕໧䉒䉏䈭䈇
䋲䋮࿾ၞ૑᳃䈱↢ᵴ䊶ⅣႺ㕙䈻䈱⽸₂
1) ੇቄ䈮䈍䈔䉎੗ᚭ䈎䉌䈱↢ᵴ᳓⏕଻
2) ᫪ᨋ䈱ᓳర䈮䉋䉎᳓Ḯᶩ㙃䇮࿯ფ଻ోലᨐ䈱Ⴧᄢ
3) ੐ᬺታᣉ⠪䈮䉋䉎␠ળ⽸₂䋨ቬᢎ⸳஻䇮ቇᩞ䇮㆏〝䇮
ᯅ╬䈱䉟䊮䊐䊤ᢛ஻䈏੐ᬺ෼⋉䈱ਛ䈎䉌ᡰ಴น䋩
䋲䋮ડᬺ䈱ឃ಴೥ᷫ䈱䈢䉄䈱⥄ਥᵴേ䈫䈚䈩
1) ฦડᬺ䈱ឃ಴ᛥ೙ኻ╷䈫䈱䉮䉴䊃Ყセ䈏ᔅⷐ
2) 䈢䈣䈚䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃⵬Ⴏ⽿છ䈲⃻ᤨὐ䈪ᧂ⸃᳿
⃻ⴕ䈱䌃䌄䌍೙ᐲ਄䈪䈲਄⸥䈱ലᨐ䈲⹏ଔ䈘䉏䈭䈇
䈗㕒⡬᦭䉍㔍䈉䈗䈙䈇䉁䈚䈢
2006ᐕ2᦬23ᣣ
૑෹ᨋᬺᩣᑼળ␠
ᦥ↰ ⦟
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