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都市における生物多様性指数の世界的動向の把握 ～生物多様性
2010.3 平成21年度 特別研究報告書 都市における生物多様性指標の世界的動向の把握 〜生物多様性COP10 への提言〜 名古屋市立大学大学院経済学研究科 准教授 香坂 玲 Nagoya Urban Institute Research Reports 研 究 報 告 書 ߪߓߦ ⽷࿅ᴺੱฬฎደㇺᏒࡦ࠲ߢߪޔኾ㐷ኅߩᣇߩࠄ߆ޘቇⴚ⊛ߥ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߦၮߠߊ╷ឭ⸒ࠍ ᦼᓙߒޔฬฎደߦ߅ߌࠆ߹ߜߠߊࠅߩ⻉㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥᵴേߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡ․ޔ⎇ⓥຬ ᐲࠍ⸳ߌߡ߹ߔߩߎޕᐲߪᒰࡦ࠲ߩឝ␜ߔࠆ⺖㗴ߦߟߡㆬ⠨ߒߚᗲ⍮⋵ޔጘ㒂 ⋵ޔਃ㊀⋵ߩᄢቇߥߤߦൕോߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪╬ߩᣇ⎇ߦޘⓥቶ߿ᵴേ⾌ࠍឭଏߒ ޔᐕ㑆ߩ⎇ⓥᵴേ ࠍⴕߞߡߚߛߊ߽ߩߢߔޕ ᐔᚑ ᐕᐲߪޟޔᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ㧺㧭㧳㧻㨅㧭߳ߩᄌ㕟̆ᰴઍߦᒁ߈⛮ߋ㝯ജࠆㇺᏒ̆ࡔࠍޠ ࠗࡦ࠹ࡑߦޔᰴᦼၮᧄ⸘↹߿ฬฎደߩ߹ߜߠߊࠅߦߟߥ߇ࠆ⎇ⓥ࠹ࡑࠍ㓸ߒޔ㧞ฬߩᣇߦ ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߡߚߛ߈߹ߒߚޕ ᧄႎ๔ᦠߪޟޔㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ⇇⊛േะߩᛠី㨪↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ%12߳ߩឭ⸒ 㨪ߣޠ㗴ߒޔㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈోߣ߁⋡ᮡߦว⥌ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߣ↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߩ ⛔วߦߟߡขࠅ߹ߣߚ߽ߩߢޔᓟߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩขࠅ⚵ߺߦነਈߔࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ߡ߅ࠅ߹ ߔޕ ᒰࡦ࠲ߣߒ߹ߒߡߪ⺞ޔᩏ⎇ⓥ߇ߐࠄߦᗧ⟵ߥ߽ߩߣߥࠆࠃ߁ദߡ߹ࠅ߹ߔߩߢޔ ᓟߣ߽ߏℂ⸃ߏදജߏߡߒߘޔᡰេࠍ⾦ࠅ߹ߔࠃ߁ࠃࠈߒߊ߅㗿ߚߒ߹ߔޕ ᐔᚑ ᐕ ⽷࿅ᴺੱฬฎደㇺᏒࡦ࠲ ⋡ᰴ Σ ⷐ✬ γ Τ ᧄ✬ 㧝㧚ߪߓߦ 1 㧞㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒േะ 3 㧟㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦߟߡߩᬌ⸛ 17 㧠㧚✚㨪↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ⛔ว㨪 23 㧡㧚ޟㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߩޠᅷᒰᕈߩᬌ⸽ 26 㧢㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ 41 Τ ઃ㍳ ઃ㍳ 1㧧ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆฦ⒳ળ⼏ߩ㐿േะ 42 ઃ㍳ 2㧧ડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈోߩขࠅ⚵ߺ 53 ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ 58 í ಒᙲዻ ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕᐲฬฎደㇺᏒࡦ࠲․⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠⷐ ㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ⇇⊛േะߩᛠី 㨪↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ COP10 ߳ߩឭ⸒㨪 ฬฎደᏒ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ಎᢎ 㚅ဈ 㧝㧚ߪߓߦ ⒖ߦ⾌߿ߐࠇࠆ⾗ḮߩߚޔㇺᏒߦ߹ߔ߹ߔജ߇߆߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦ ⚂㧔CBD㧕ߦ߅ߡ╷⼏㗴ߣߒߡᶋ߆߮߇ߞߡ߈ߚ㗴ߪޔ ޟㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩోޠ ߣߩߘޟᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ޕࠆߢޠ UN-HABITAT㧔࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬ⸘↹㧕߇╷ቯߒߚޟthe State of the World̉s Cities 2006-2007ޔߣࠆࠃߦޠ2007 ᐕߦੱ㘃ผೋߡޔ⇇ߩోੱญߩඨಽએ߇ㇺᏒߦዬ ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔߊߥ߽ߢ߹߁⸒ޕᄌൻߪㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ ᭽ᕈߩోߣߘߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ޔ߮↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬ߇ᜬ⛯⊛ߦᯏ⢻ߔࠆߎߣߦኻߔࠆ 㔍㗴ࠍ⓭߈ߟߌߚ⚿ޕᨐߣߒߡޔޔㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈోߣ߁⋡ᮡߦว⥌ߔࠆࠃ߁ ߥᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒߇ㅴࠄࠇߡࠆ⎇ᧄޕⓥߪޔㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߣ↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆ ࠬߩ⛔วߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ 㧞㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒േะ 㧞㧙㧝㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ࿖㓙⊛㐿⊒ㆊ⒟ 1978 ᐕએ㒠ޔⅣႺⷐ⚛߿↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈⷐ⚛ࠍㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚᄢⷙᮨߥ࿖㓙 ⊛㐿⊒ࡊࡠࠬ߇ᄙߊ⊒ߐࠇߡ߈ߚߩߘޕઍߣߒߡޔOECDޔ⇇㌁ⴕޔ࿖ㅪੱ 㑆ዬ⸘↹ޔ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ߥߤ߇ߍࠄࠇࠆޕ OECD ߪޔ2001 ᐕߦ 10 ߩਥⷐⅣႺᜰᮡࠍቯߒߩߎޔਛߦ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ߽߹ࠇ ߡߚߩࠄࠇߎޕᜰᮡߪ OECD ߩฦ࿖ⅣႺᄢ⤿ߦࠃߞߡᡰᜬߐࠇޔᲤᐕᦝᣂߐࠇߡࠆޕ ⇇㌁ⴕߪޔ1994 ᐕߩઁޔ࿖ㅪᯏ㑐ߣදߢㇺᏒߩ㗴ߣࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߚ ࡐ࠻ࠍ⊒ߒޔㇺᏒߩߚߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥᜰᮡ㧔⇇㌁ⴕ㧘1994㧕ߩ㐿⊒ࠍឭ᩺ߒߚޕ ࡐ࠻ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ޟ㐿⊒ߩߚߩࠗࡦࡈޔߦ߁ࠃߔ␜߇ޠ⇇㌁ⴕ╬ߩᦨఝవ㗄ߪ ၮᧄ⊛ⷐ⚛߮ߘࠇߦ⚿߮ߟߚᛩ⾗ߩ⸳┙ߢߞߚޔࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕㇺᏒߩᜰᮡߩὶὐߪ ↢↥ޔቛ㐿⊒ࡈࡦࠗޔᢛ╬ߩ⚻ᷣᵴേ߆ࠄᓧߚታߦၮߠߚᢙ୯߿ੱญ⛔⸘⊛ᢙ ୯߳ߣ⒖ߞߚޕ ࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬ⸘↹ߪޔUN HABITAT Τ㧦1996 ᐕ╙ 2 ࿁࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬળ⼏ࠗࠬ࠲ࡦࡉ ࡞ޔ2006 ᐕ╙ 3 ࿁⇇ㇺᏒࡈࠜࡓࡃࡦࠢࡃ╬ޔᄙߊߩ㑐ㅪળ⼏ࠍ㐿ߚࠄࠇߎޕ ߩળ⼏ߢߪޔታ↪⊛ߢᣇᴺ⺰⊛ߥ㗴߇ࠃߊᬌ⸛ߐࠇߦ․ޔᓟ⠪ߦ߅ߡߪ᧚ੱޔ⢒ᚑޔ ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥㇺᏒࡊࡠࠣࡓ ࠳ࡦࠚࠫࠕޔ21 ߩၞൻ߽ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߚޕ i ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળ㧔EC㧕ߪޔ2003 ᐕߦၞߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥᜰᮡ㧔EC㧘2003㧕ࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߚߩ ൮⊛ߥ⹏ଔၮḰ࠺࠲ࠍ⊒ߒߚޕ 2008 ᐕߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 9 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ߦ߅ߡߪ⋡⚂᧦ޔᮡߩታߦ߅ߌࠆᣇ⥄ ᴦߩᓎഀߦ㑐ߔࠆᦨޔೋߩᑼ⼏߇ណᛯߐࠇߚ㧔⼏Ϋ/28㧧SCBD㧘2008 ෳᾖ㧕ߎޕ ߩ⼏ߪ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ߦ߅ߌࠆᣇ⥄ᴦߣㇺᏒߩᓎഀࠍ⼂ߒޔ CBD ߩ⋡ᮡߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ࠷࡞߿ᜰ㊎ߩㆡ↪ࠍᅑബߒߚ㧔⼏Ϋ/28 ╙ 6 ▵㧔a㧕㧕 ޕ 㧞㧙㧞㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ⺑ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣᜰᮡߩ㑐ଥߪⶄ㔀ߢࠅޔ㕙⊕ߦ߃ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ߇ߒߡߘ߁ ߢߪߥޕᢥ₂ߦࠃࠆߣޔㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߢߩਥⷐ⺖㗴ߪޔⓨ 㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡞ߪᤨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡞․ޔߣࠄࠇߘߡߒߘޔቯߩ㐳ᦼ⊛⋡ᮡߪ⋡⊛ߣߩ㑐ଥ ߩ 2 ὐߦ㓸⚂ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚޕ 㧞㧙㧟㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩᱧผ ᜰᮡߩὶὐߪޔੱߩ⚻ᷣ⊛ޔⅣႺ⊛㕙߆ࠄ․ޔቯߩᜰᮡߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ߳ߣᄌൻߒߚޕ ߎߩℂ↱ߪߩߟ৻ޔ㧔⚻ᷣ⊛߹ߚߪⅣႺ⊛㧕ⷐ⚛ߩ㗔ၞߦ߅ߌࠆᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߪ߫ߒ߫ߒޔ ઁߩ㗔ၞߦ߅ߡᗧ࿑ߒߥุቯ⊛ะߦߟߥ߇ࠆ߆ࠄߢࠆޔ߫߃ޕቛߩࠃ߁ߥ⚻ ᷣᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߪޔቛࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦቯߒߚࠍଏ⛎ߔࠆߚߦḨࠍၒ┙ߡࠆߣ ߞߚࠃ߁ߥ⋧ޔ㑐㑐ଥߩࠆⅣႺᜰᮡߩᖡൻߦߟߥ߇ࠆޕ ⚻ᷣ⊛㕙ߣⅣႺ⊛㕙ߩ࠻࠼ࠝࡈߩࡃࡦࠬࠍߣࠆߚޔ᳃߳ߩജ߿࿖ኅߩ ᔕߣⅣႺ⼔ߩⴕേࠍߺߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔㅪേߪߒ߫ߒ߫࿃ᨐㅪ㎮ᔕߦߥࠆޔ߫߃ޕ Huang ઁߪㇺᏒߩᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߦߪ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߔ 3 ߟߩ࠲ࠗࡊ̆ⷐޟ࿃ޔޠ ޟᓇ㗀ޠ ޔ ޟኻ╷ޠ ̆߇ࠆߣㅀߴߡࠆޕᗧ࿑ߒߥุቯ⊛⚿ᨐࠍㆱߌࠆᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡᒻᚑߩ⹜ߺߣၞ ␠ળࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆߚߦޔน⢻ߥઁߩⷐ⚛ࠍ⛔วߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ࿃ᨐㅪ㎮ᔕߦኻᔕߔࠆߎ ߣߪోߣߒߡᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߦะ߆ߞߡ೨ㅴߒߡࠆߣ߃ࠆޕ 2-1 ߦ߅ߡޔೋᦼߣᓟᦼߩㇺᏒߩᜰᮡ㐿⊒ࠍᲧセߒߡࠆߪࠇߎޕᜰᮡㅴൻߩㆊ⒟ࠍ ߔ߽ߩߢࠆ߇ޔᔅߕߒ߽೨ㅴࠍᗧߔࠆ߽ߩߣߪ㒢ࠄߥޕ 2-1 ㇺᏒߩᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩᄌㆫ ㇺᏒߩᔨ ℂ⊛ࠬࠤ࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒ ᜰᮡ ὶὐ ᜰᮡᒻᚑߩ․ᓽ 1970 㨪80 ᐕઍ ⚻ᷣᵴേߩ႐ ࿖ኅߪᣇࡌ࡞ ⚻ᷣ/␠ળ/ⅣႺ ᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ ੑὐ㑆ߩࡌࡦ࠴ࡑࠢ 1990 ᐕઍ㨪 ᔨൻߐࠇߚࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ ㇺᏒⅣႺߩߚߩ․ߥ㗴 ᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈ ╷ᯏ㑐 ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ㧔⽶⩄ⷐ࿃⁁ᘒ ᓇ㗀ኻ╷㧕 㧔ෳ⠨㧕OECD (1997), Opschoor and Reijnders (1991), and Huang et al. (1998). ii 㧞㧙㧠㧚ᣣᧄߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒േะ ᚒ߇࿖ߢߎࠇ߹ߢ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚⅣႺᜰᮡߩᄢᄙᢙߪޔⅣႺ㑐ㅪࡑࠬ࠲ࡊࡦ╬ߢߩᵴ↪ ࠍਥ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ⥄ޔᴦනߢᚑߐࠇߚ߽ߩߣ߃ࠆޕᜰᮡߩౕ⊛ߥ㗄⋡ߪㇺᏒߏߣ ߦᄙ᭽ߢࠆ߇ޔᄢ᳇᳓⾰ᡷༀ߿ᑄ᫈‛ኻ╷ޔㅢ‛ᵹኻ╷ޔ᥊ⷰะޔ᷷ᥦൻ ኻ╷ߥߤฦ⒳ⅣႺᣉ╷ࠍࡃࡦࠬࠃߊ✂⟜ߒߚᜰᮡ߇ᄙߊ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߣ߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ╷ ቯߐࠇߚ߽ߩߪዋߥޕ ߹ߚޔᜰᮡߩᚑߪၮᧄ⊛ߦⴕਥዉߢᚑߐࠇߚ߽ߩ߇ᄙߊޔᏒ᳃ߣߩදߢᜰᮡࠍ ᚑߒߚ߿Ꮢ᳃࿅ߩߺߢᜰᮡࠍᚑߒߚ╬߽߶ߣࠎߤߥߩ߇⁁ߢࠆޕ 2-2 ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩᄌㆫ ᜰᮡߩᵴ↪⋡⊛ ઍ⊛ߥ ᧲੩ㇺᔟㆡⅣႺᜰᮡ 㧭㧚Ꮢ᳃ߩⅣႺᗧ⼂ะⅣႺ㈩ᘦⴕേ ଦㅴߩ߈ߞ߆ߌߣߒߡᵴ↪ ችၔ⋵᷷ቶലᨐࠟࠬ✚วᜰᮡ ᎹፒᏒⅣႺⷰኤᜰᮡ ችၔ⋵ࠛࠦࠗࡈᜰᮡ ╬ 㧮㧚Ꮢ᳃ߣⴕߩࡄ࠻࠽ࠪ࠶ࡊᵴേ ߩផㅴߦᵴ↪ ੩ߩࠕࠫࠚࡦ࠳ᜰᮡ ᧲੩ㇺᔟㆡⅣႺᜰᮡ 㧯㧚ⅣႺ㑐ㅪࡑࠬ࠲ࡊࡦߩ╷ቯޔㆇ ↪ߦᤨߒ⋥ޔᵴ↪ ⼾ਛᏒⅣႺ✚วᜰᮡ ᣣ㊁ᏒⅣႺ✚วᜰᮡ ฦⅣႺၮᧄ⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆᢙ୯⋡ᮡ ╬ ̪ޟਛญᲞඳ㧚ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆၞࡌ࡞ⅣႺᜰᮡߩᵴ↪ߩ⁁ߣ⺖㗴㧚࿖ㅢ⋭࿖ㅢ╷⎇ⓥᚲᯏ 㑐 PRI Review㧧2003ߦߣ߽ࠍޠᚑ 㧟㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦߟߡߩᬌ⸛ ᴦ⊛⋡ᮡߣࠬࠤ࡞ߩ㗴ߩㅪ៤ߣ߁㔍㗴ߦኻᔕߒߡޔPSR㧔Pressure㧙State㧙 Response㧕ࡕ࠺࡞ߪᜰᮡߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᴦ⊛㕙ߩ⛔วࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒߚᦨೋߩࡕ࠺࡞ߩ৻ߟߢ ࠆޕPSR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩේဳߪ UNEP ߣࠞ࠽࠳ᐭ⛔⸘ዪߣߩදߢ OECD ߦࠃࠅ╷ቯߐࠇߚ ߽ߩߢࠆ⊒ߩߎޕዷᒻߣߒߡޔDPSIR㧔Driving force㧙Pressure㧙State㧙Impact㧙 Response㧕ࡕ࠺࡞߇↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ↢ޔᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬޔㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ⼏⺰ߢᦨ߽ࠃߊㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆ ᡷ⦟ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ৻ߟߣߥߞߚޕ 㧟㧙㧝㧚DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ⢛᥊ߣఝᕈ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞㧔ᡷ⸓ ߽㧕ߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍⅣႺ㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⑼ቇ⊛ޔᴦ⊛ ⺰⼏ߦ߅ߡᓇ㗀ജࠍᜬߜ⛯ߌߡ߈ߚޕ㊀ⷐߥὐߪ߇࡞࠺ࡕߩࠄࠇߎޔᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ߅ iii ߡ 2 ߟߩ⋥ធ⊛ߥ⽸₂ࠍߔࠆߎߣߢࠆ৻ޕὐ⋡߇ߩߘޔ᭴ㅧ߇ᴦ⊛⋡⊛ߦ⸒ߔࠆ߽ ߩߢࠆߎߣޔੑὐ⋡߇ޔ㑐ㅪߒߚ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆߎߣߢࠆ⚿ޕᨐߣߒߡ◲ࠅࠃޔ නߢ◲ẖߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡚ࠪࡦࠍน⢻ߦߒޔⅣႺ㗴ࠍᒁ߈ߎߔੱ⊛ⷐ⚛ࠍขࠅᛒ߁ߎ ߣߩߢ߈ࠆౕ⊛ߥ╷߹ߚߪ▤ℂ⊛ⴕേࠍ␜ໂߔࠆޕ 3-1 DPSIR ߩࡔ࠶࠻࠺ࡔ࠶࠻ ٤ᓥ᧪ߪ⑼ޟቇߩޠಽ㊁ߢߩᵴ↪ߦ⇐߹ߞߡߚ߇ޔDPSIR ࠍ↪ࠆߎߣ ࡔ࠶࠻ ߦࠃࠅౕޟ⊛ߥ╷ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ߇ߣߎࠆߌߟ߮⚿ߦޠน⢻ߣߥߞߚޕ ٤↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߣ DPSIR ߣߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥࠆߚޕߔ߿ࠅ߆ࠊޔ ࠺ࡔ࠶࠻ ٤╷╬ࠍⴕ߁⚵❱߇߇ࠄ⥄ޔᛒ߿ߔ࠺࠲ࠍߞߡᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߒߡߒ ߹߁႐ว߇ᄙߚ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⹏ଔߣ߁ὐߦ߅ߡࠬࠢ߇ࠆޕ 㧟㧙㧞㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ㐿⊒߳ߩ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߔࠆ⺰⹏ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩᐢ▸࿐ߥㆡ↪ߪࠆߥ⇣ޔߊߥ⇼ޔᜰᮡߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍᒝ⺞ߒߚߪࠇߎޕ ․ߦⷙᮨߦ߅ߡੱޔ㑆ᵴേߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ៊ᄬߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߩㅪ⚿ߦ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐ ߚߒߡ߈ߚߪߦ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ㒢⇇߇ࠅޔᛕ್ߩኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡࠆޕ ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ㐿⊒߳ߩ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߔࠆਥߥᛕ್ࠍએਅߦᢛℂߔࠆޕ =ᛕ್Ԙ㧦ታߩⶄ㔀ߐࠍᤋߒ߈ࠇߥ? DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃࠅࠄࠇߚන⚐ߥ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߪታߩⶄ㔀ߐࠍᤋߒߡߥޕMaxim ઁ ߪޟ྾㕙 DPSIRࠍޠឭ᩺ߒߡࠆࠍ࡞࠺ࡕߪࠇߎޕᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߩ྾㕙ߦ⚿߮ߟߌޔDPSIR ߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡚ࠪࡦଔ୯ࠍ‶†ߦߔࠆߎߣߥߊޟಽᨆജ⊒ࠍޠዷߐߖࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ =ᛕ್ԙ㧦ታ↪⊛ߥᜰ㊎ߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߒߡߥ? DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩᨒ⚵ߺ߇ࡕ࠾࠲ࡦࠣߣᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉߩ▤ℂߩߚߩታ↪⊛ ߥᜰ㊎ࠍ߶ߣࠎߤਈ߃ߡߥޕฦ࿃ᨐㅪ㎮ߩߪߓߣ⚳ࠊࠅߦᜰ㊎ࠍណ↪ߒߡ߽ޔ࿃ᨐㅪ ㎮ߩ߆ߥࠆ⋧㑐ଥ߿ẜ⊛ߥࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢࠍ␜ߐߥޕ =ᛕ್Ԛ㧦ᜰᮡߩਇဋⴧߥ㈩ಽ߇ታߣว⥌ߒߥ? DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆᜰᮡߩਇဋⴧߥ㈩ಽߪⶄ㔀ߐߩ៊ᄬࠍ߽ߚࠄߔޕ =ᛕ್ԛ㧦ࠬࠤ࡞ߣᤨ㑆߇⠨ᘦߐࠇߡߥ? ․ቯߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߪߦࠇߘޔวߞߚᤨ㑆ߣࠬࠤ࡞ࠍㆬࠎߢㆡ↪ߔࠆߴ߈ߢࠆ߇ޔ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩᜰᮡߪޔวࠊߥࠬࠤ࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒߦㆡ↪ߐࠇߡࠆޕ iv 㧠㧚✚㨪↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ⛔ว㨪 DPSIR ߦ⌕⋡ߒߚᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߪޔ╷╬ࠍⴕ߁⚵❱߇߇ࠄ⥄ޔᛒ߿ߔ࠺࠲ࠍߞߡ ⚵ߺ┙ߡࠄࠇߡߒ߹߁ߎߣ߇ᄙߊࠍ࠲࠺ޔᓧ߿ߔߣ߁ඨ㕙⥄ޔᴦߦߣߞߡߪ ߠࠄ߽ߩߣߥߞߡࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߪޔ᷷ᥦൻ߿ᑄ᫈‛ߣߞߚઁಽ㊁ߩ╷⋡ᮡ╬ߣ⛊ߡᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈ߢࠅޔ ᣂߒᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪߎߩὐߦߟߡᣢߦ⸒ߐࠇᆎߡࠆޕ ߎࠇ߆ࠄߩㇺᏒᜰᮡߪޔᏒ᳃߇ฃߌขߞߡࠆࠨࡆࠬ㧔↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ㅪߠߌࠆ㧕ߦ ⌕⋡ߒߡ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ 㧡㧚ޟㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߩޠᅷᒰᕈߩᬌ⸽ ᣢሽߩቇⴚ⺰ᢥߣฬฎደᏒߩ㑐ଥ⠪1߳ߩࡅࠕࡦࠣ⾗ᢱࠍ߽ߣߦޔㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰ ᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߩ⺖㗴ࠍએਅߦᢛℂߔࠆޕ ٨ㇺᏒߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩ㆑ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚᜰᮡ㐿⊒߇ᔅⷐ ㇺᏒߦߪ㧟ߟߩ࠲ࠗࡊ߇ࠆޟޔߪ⋡ߟ৻ޕᏒၞߩᄢඨ߇ᏒⴝߢࠆㇺᏒޔࠅߢޠฬ ฎደᏒߪߎߎߦዻߔࠆޕੑߟ⋡ߪޔ ޟᏒၞߩਛߦޔᏒⴝߩߺߥࠄߕᐢᄢߥ⥄ὼၞ߿↰ Ꮺࠍᛴ߃ࠆㇺᏒޔޠਃߟ⋡ߪޟޔਔ⠪ߩਛ㑆ߩㇺᏒޕࠆߢޠ ߎࠇࠄߩ㆑ߪਥߦᏒၞߩ㕙Ⓧߦᄢ߈ߊᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ߫߃ޕ㕙Ⓧ߇ 100km2 ߦḩߚߥㇺᏒߩᄙߊߪᏒၞߩᄢඨ߇ᏒⴝߢࠆߩߦኻߒޔᏒၞ߇ 1,000km2 ࠍ߃ࠆ ㇺᏒߩᄙߊߪᏒⴝࠃࠅ߽ᐢᄢߥ⥄ὼၞ߿↰ᏪࠍᏒၞߦᛴ߃ߡࠆޕ ߩㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߪߎ߁ߒߚㇺᏒߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩ㆑ࠍ⠨ᘦߔ ࠆߎߣߥߊޔᜰᮡߏߣߩࠬࠦࠕࠍ৻ᓞߦ▚ߒޔᲧセߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡࠆὐ߇㗴ߢࠆޕ ٨ฦ࿖ฦㇺᏒߩࡕ࠴ࡌ࡚ࠪࡦࠍߍࠆᎿᄦ߇ᔅⷐ ᜰᮡߪޔฦ࿖ฦㇺᏒߩࡕ࠴ࡌ࡚ࠪࡦࠍߍࠆࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩޔߪߚ߹ޔബ߹ߒߦߥࠆࠃ߁ ߥ߽ߩߢࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕߒߡޔฦㇺᏒߩ߿ࠆ᳇ࠍߘߋࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢߞߡߪߥࠄߥ ޕ ೨ㅀߩ⺖㗴ߢ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔᏒၞߩᄢඨ߇ᏒⴝߢࠆㇺᏒߣޔᐢᄢߥ⥄ὼၞ߿↰ Ꮺ߇ᄢඨࠍභࠆㇺᏒߣࠍหߓୈߢ⹏ଔߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔหߓ࠲ࠗࡊߦಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆㇺ Ꮢห჻ߢ⹏ଔน⢻ߥᜰᮡ㗄⋡ࠍᬌ⸛ߒޔᚑߒߡߊᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡ㧔ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ㧝ᤨὐߩᦨᣂ 㧕ߦኻߔࠆᅷᒰᕈ ࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળോዪ✚ ෳਈട⮮ᱜ༹᳁߳ߩࡅࠕࡦࠣࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ࠣࡦࠕࡅޕᨐਗ߮ߦട⮮᳁ࠃࠅឭଏߐࠇ ߚ⾗ᢱࠍ↪ߒߡࠆ㧚 1 v ߘߩᗧߢߪ⥄ޔὼၞߩᄙኦߪฦㇺᏒߦߣߞߡߩਈઙࠆߪೋᦼ᧦ઙߣߒߡᛒߘޔ ߩᓟߩჇᷫࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆᣇ߇⦟߆߽ߒࠇߥޕ ٨ޟੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼ߇ᜬߟ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍᡰ߃ࠆẜജ⹏ࠍޠଔኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐ ㇺᏒ߇ᛴ߃ࠆ⺖㗴ߪޔᄢ߈ߊޔㇺᏒౝߩ⥄ὼၞ߿↰Ꮺߦ߅ߌࠆޔߣޠోޟᏒⴝ ߦ߅ߌࠆޟᓳరߦޠಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆޕ ߒ߆ߒޔߩㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߪޟޔᓳరޠ㧔Ꮢⴝ߿ㄘߥߤ ߩੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼߦ߅ߌࠆᓳరߩᚑᨐ╬㧕ࠍචಽ⹏ଔߢ߈ࠆౝኈߦߪߥߞߡߥὐ߇㗴 ߢࠆޕ ߃߫ޔᣣᧄߢ߽ 20 ♿ᧃએ᧪ޔㇺᏒᴡᎹߩ᳓⾰ᡷༀߦߣ߽ߥߞߡ㝼㘃ߩᓳᵴ߇ࠄࠇ ࠆޕ㝼㘃߽․ޔቯ⒳߳ߩࠅ߿ࠞࠬⵍࠆࠃߦ࠙ࡢࠞޔኂߣ߁㗴ὐࠍߺߥ߇ࠄ߽ޔ 20 ♿ඨ߫ߦᲧߴߡᏒⴝߢߩჇടቯ⌕ะ߇ࠄࠇࠆޔߚ߹ޕ੩ㇺߩ␠ኹߦ߅ߌࠆ ᣣᧄᐸߩࠃ߁ߦੱޔᎿ⊛ߥⅣႺߢࠅߥ߇ࠄ⼾߆ߥ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍታߒߡࠆ߽ ࠆߚߒ߁ߎޕᏒⴝߩਛߩੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼ߇ᜬߟน⢻ᕈࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦ⹏ଔߒޔੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼߩน ⢻ᕈࠍㆡಾߦᒁ߈ߔขࠅ⚵ߺߩଦㅴߦነਈߔࠆᜰᮡ߇ᔅⷐߣ߃ࠆޕ ٨↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߦ㑐ࠊࠆᜰᮡ㗄⋡ߩᬌ⸛ᒝ߇ᔅⷐ ߩㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߢߪ↢ޔᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆᜰᮡ߇㧡 ⸳ߌࠄࠇߡࠆ߇ޔߜ߁ߩߘޔ㧟߇ࡦ࡚ࠪࠛࠢޟᢎ⢒߇ޠභߡ߅ࠅࡃޔ ࡦࠬ߇ᖡޕ ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᜰᮡ㗄⋡ࠍㅊടߔߴ߈߆ߪᓟߩᬌ⸛⺖㗴ߢࠆ߇ޔߩᜰᮡ㗄⋡ߩᒝ ߇ᔅⷐߢࠆޕ ࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߪ⥄ޟᏆ⹏ଔߣߛ࡞࠷ߩ↪ޠ⡞ߡࠆߩߢޔฦㇺᏒ߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩ ታᖱߣ㗴ᗧ⼂ߦᓥߞߡߩ⥄⁛ޔᜰᮡࠍઃߌട߃ࠆߥߤߩࡈࠠࠪࡉ࡞ߥขࠅᛒ߽ᔅ ⷐߢࠆޕ ٨ㇺᏒ⸘↹ߣߩ㑐ㅪ߆ࠄᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߣ߁ⷞὐ߽ᔅⷐ ↢ᘒቇߩኾ㐷ኅߛߌߢߥߊ↢ޔᘒቇએᄖߩኾ㐷ኅ㧔ㇺᏒ⸘↹╬㧕ߩ⋡✢߆ࠄᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ ߔࠆߎߣ߽ᔅⷐߢࠆޔߣߥߒ߁ߘޕㇺᏒ⸘↹╬ߩઁಽ㊁ߦ㑐ࠊࠆᜂᒰ⠪߇ߦߊ ᜰᮡߣߥߞߡߒ߹߁࡙ࠩޔߚߩߎޕ㧔ታ㓙ߦᜰᮡࠍᣉ╷╬ߦ߁ੱ㧕ࠍᗐቯߒ ߥ߇ࠄᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩᵩ᳓⺞ᢛ⢻ജ߿ੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼ╬ߪㇺᏒ⸘↹ߦߟߥ߇ࠆ߽ߩߢࠆߚߦ․ޔ ㇺᏒ⸘↹ߦߟߥ߇ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ⼂ߒߡᜰᮡࠍߟߊࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣ߃ࠆޕ vi 㧢㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ ↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߦߪ߁ߣޠࠬࡆࠨޟᔨ߇ߞߡࠆࠃ߁ߦ߇࡙ࠩޔᗐቯߐࠇ ߡࠆޕᜰᮡߩ╷ቯߦട߃ޔᜰᮡ߇ታⴕജࠍ߽ߞߡߊߚߦߪㇺᏒㇱߩ᳃ߩḩ⿷ᐲޔ ⴕߩ⚵❱ߩᨵエᕈߥߤ߇㊀ⷐߣߥࠆޕ vii î ஜዻ 㧝㧚ߪߓߦ ⒖ߦ⾌߿ߐࠇࠆ⾗ḮߩߚޔㇺᏒߦ߹ߔ߹ߔജ߇߆߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦ ⚂㧔CBD㧕ߦ߅ߡ╷⼏㗴ߣߒߡᶋ߆߮߇ߞߡ߈ߚ㗴ߪޔ ޟㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩోޠ ߣߩߘޟᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ޕࠆߢޠ UN-HABITAT㧔࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬ⸘↹㧕߇╷ቯߒߚ ޟthe State of the World’s Cities 2006-2007ޔߣࠆࠃߦޠ2007 ᐕߦੱ㘃ผೋߡޔ⇇ߩోੱญߩඨಽએ߇ㇺᏒߦዬ ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔߊߥ߽ߢ߹߁⸒ޕᄌൻߪㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ ᭽ᕈߩోߣߘߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ޔ߮↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬ߇ᜬ⛯⊛ߦᯏ⢻ߔࠆߎߣߦኻߔࠆ 㔍㗴ࠍ⓭߈ߟߌߚ⚿ޕᨐߣߒߡޔޔㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈోߣ߁⋡ᮡߦว⥌ߔࠆࠃ߁ ߥᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒߇ㅴࠄࠇߡࠆ⎇ᧄޕⓥߪޔㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߣ↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆ ࠬߩ⛔วߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ৻ㅪߩࡈࡠࠍᰴ㗁ߦ␜ߔޕ -1- ᣃࠊƷဃཋٶಮࣱਦƷႆѣӼ ᣃࠊƷဃཋٶಮࣱਦƷᨥႎႆᢅᆉ ဃཋٶಮࣱƱਦ ᣃࠊƷဃཋٶಮࣱਦƷഭӪ ଐஜƷဃཋٶಮࣱਦƷႆѣӼ ᣃࠊƷဃཋٶಮࣱਦƷႆƴƭƍƯƷ౨᚛ DPSIR ȢȇȫƷᏑƱΟˮࣱ ᣃࠊƷဃཋٶಮࣱਦႆǁƷ DPSIR ȢȇȫᢘဇƴݣƢǔᛯᚸ ዮਙ᳸ဃཋٶಮࣱƱᣃࠊਦƷወӳ᳸ žᣃࠊƷဃཋٶಮࣱǷȳǬȝȸȫਦſƷࣱ࢘ڲƷ౨ᚰ ƓǘǓƴ ࿑ 1-1 ⎇ⓥࡈࡠ -2- 㧞㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒േะ 㧞㧙㧝㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ࿖㓙⊛㐿⊒ㆊ⒟ (1) OECD 1978 ᐕએ㒠ޔⅣႺⷐ⚛߿↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈⷐ⚛ࠍㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚᄢⷙᮨߥ࿖㓙 ⊛㐿⊒ࡊࡠࠬ߇ᄙߊ⊒ߐࠇߡ߈ߚޔߪߦߩ߽ߥ⊛ᦼ↹ޕOECD ߇⊒ߒߚޟㇺᏒⅣႺ ᜰᮡޠ㧔Urban Environmental Indicator㧕߇ࠅߪࠇߎޔቛଏ⛎߆ࠄ⚻ᷣᵴേߦߚࠆ વ⛔⊛ߥ৻ㅪߩ࠺࠲ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߚࡢ࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊߢࠆߩߎޕਛߢ␠ޔળ⊛ⷐ⚛߿ ஜ⊛ⷐ⚛߇⸒ߐࠇߚ߇⊒ޔዷ߹ߢߦߪ⥋ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ㧔OECD㧘1978㧕ޕ 1995 ᐕޔOECD ߪℂ⊛ᄢߣⶄ㔀ߐ㧔OECD㧘1997㧕ࠍㇺᏒ߇⋥㕙ߔࠆᣂߒ㔍 ߦขࠅ⚵ߚࡊ࠶ࠕࡠࠜࡈߢࡦߩࠬࡦࡈޔળ⼏ࠍ㐿ߚޕᣂߒⷐ⚛ߩ⛔ว ߪޔ᳃ߩ⒖േߣߣ߽ߦᢎ⢒ޔ⟋‽ޔⅣႺ㗴╬ߩ␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛㕙ࠍᒝൻߒߚޕ 2001 ᐕޔOECD ߪ 10 ߩਥⷐⅣႺᜰᮡࠍቯߒߩߎޔਛߦߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ߽߹ࠇ ߡߚߩࠄࠇߎޕᜰᮡߪ OECD ߩฦ࿖ⅣႺᄢ⤿ߦࠃߞߡᡰᜬߐࠇޔᲤᐕᦝᣂߐࠇߡࠆޕ -3- (2) ⇇㌁ⴕ ⇇㌁ⴕ߽ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉࠍ⊒ើߒߚޕ1994 ᐕޔ⇇㌁ⴕߪઁߩ࿖ㅪᯏ㑐ߣදߢㇺᏒ ߩ㗴ߣࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߚࡐ࠻ࠍ⊒ߒޔㇺᏒߩߚߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥᜰᮡ㧔 ⇇㌁ⴕ㧘1994㧕ߩ㐿⊒ࠍឭ᩺ߒߚޟ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩ࠻ࡐޕ㐿⊒ߩߚߩࠗࡦࡈߔ␜߇ޠ ࠃ߁ߦޔ⇇㌁ⴕ╬ߩᦨఝవ㗄ߪၮᧄ⊛ⷐ⚛߮ߘࠇߦ⚿߮ߟߚᛩ⾗ߩ⸳┙ߢߞߚޕ ߎࠇߦࠃࠅޔㇺᏒߩᜰᮡߩὶὐߪޔ↥↢ޔቛ㐿⊒ࡈࡦࠗޔᢛ╬ߩ⚻ᷣᵴേ߆ࠄᓧߚ ታߦၮߠߚᢙ୯߿ੱญ⛔⸘⊛ᢙ୯߳ߣ⒖ߞߚޕ (3) UN-HABITAT㧔࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬ⸘↹㧕 ࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬ⸘↹ߪޔUN HABITAT Τ㧦1996 ᐕ╙ 2 ࿁࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬળ⼏ࠗࠬ࠲ࡦࡉ ࡞ޔ2006 ᐕ╙ 3 ࿁⇇ㇺᏒࡈࠜࡓࡃࡦࠢࡃ╬ޔᄙߊߩ㑐ㅪળ⼏ࠍ㐿ߚࠄࠇߎޕ ߩળ⼏ߢߪޔታ↪⊛ߢᣇᴺ⺰⊛ߥ㗴߇ࠃߊᬌ⸛ߐࠇߦ․ޔᓟ⠪ߦ߅ߡߪ᧚ੱޔ⢒ᚑޔ ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥㇺᏒࡊࡠࠣࡓ ࠳ࡦࠚࠫࠕޔ21 ߩၞൻ߽ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߚ ࠳ࡦࠚࠫࠕޕ21 ߩၞ ൻߪ․ߦ㊀ⷐߢࠆޔߪࠇߎޕએ೨ ࠳ࡦࠚࠫࠕޔ21 ߩㇺᏒߦኻߔࠆㆡ↪߇ਇ⍎ߢࠆߣ ߩᛕ್ࠍᶎ߮ߚߚߢࠆޕ 㧔ࠕࠫࠚࡦ࠳ 21 ߪ Keating㧘1993 ෳᾖޔᱧผ⊛⢛᥊ߦߟߡ ߪ Newman㧘1999 ෳᾖ㧕 (4) ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળ╬ ㄭᐕߦ߅ߡ߽ၞࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇┙ߜߍࠄࠇߡࠆޕ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળ㧔EC㧕ߪޔ2003 ᐕߦၞߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥᜰᮡ㧔EC㧘2003㧕ࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߚߩ൮⊛ߥ⹏ଔၮḰ࠺࠲ࠍ⊒ ߒߚߣࠇߎޕਗⴕߒߡޔEC ߪޟPastilleߣޠฬߐࠇߚࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ⾗㊄ࠍឭଏߒߚޕ ߎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߪ 4 ߆࿖㧔ࠝࠬ࠻ࠕࠬࠗࠬޔࠬࠡࠗޔࠬࡦࡈޔ㧕ߩ⚻㛎ࠍ߽ߣ ߦޔㇺᏒࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬߦ߅ߌࠆᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡߩᓎഀߦߟߡಽᨆߒߡࠆ㧔PASTILLE Consortiun㧘2002㧕ޟޔߪߢ࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊߩߎޕᜰᮡᚑߩࡊࡠࠬߪฦᯏ㑐ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ߿ ੱ᧚⢒ᚑߦ⋉ߢࠆ⺰⚿ߣޠઃߌߡࠆޕ ߹ߚࠬࠡࠗޔ࿖㓙㐿⊒⋭㧔DFID㧕ߪࠬࡆࠨޔឭଏ⠪ߣၞ␠ળߩ㑆ߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ ࡚ࠪࡦࠍะߔࠆߚߦⅣႺᜰᮡࠍ↪ߔࠆߎߣߦߟߡ⺞ᩏߔࠆߚޔධࠕࡈࠞߣࠗ ࡦ࠼ߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ⾗㊄ࠍଏਈߒߚޕ ࠡࠪࡖⅣႺ⋭ߪޔਛᶏ 6 ߆࿖ߩၞࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ⾗㊄ឭଏࠍߒߚޕ ߎࠇࠄߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⋡⊛ߪߩߎޔၞߩႎ๔ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓޔࡓ࠹ࠬࠪࠣࡦ࠲࠾ࡕޔ ᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⸳┙ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߚᣇ⥄ᴦࡌ࡞ߩᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒⁁ᴫࠍᛠីߔࠆߚߢ ࠆ㧔Nader ઁ㧘2008㧕ޕ -4- (5) ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ 2008 ᐕߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 9 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ߦ߅ߡ⋡⚂᧦ޔᮡߩታߦ߅ߌࠆᣇ⥄ᴦ ߩᓎഀߦ㑐ߔࠆᦨޔೋߩᑼ⼏߇ណᛯߐࠇߚ㧔⼏Ϋ/28㧧SCBD㧘2008 ෳᾖ㧕ߩߎޕ ⼏ߪ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ߦ߅ߌࠆᣇ⥄ᴦߣㇺᏒߩᓎഀࠍ⼂ߒޔ CBD ߩ⋡ᮡߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ࠷࡞߿ᜰ㊎ߩㆡ↪ࠍᅑബߒߚ㧔⼏Ϋ/28 ╙ 6 ▵㧔a㧕㧕 ޕ ㇺᏒߩᜰᮡߪࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡚ࠪࡦޔ╷ቯ⹏ߣࠣࡦ࠲࠾ࡕޔଔߦવ⛔⊛ߦࠊࠇߡ ߈ߚ࠷࡞ߩ৻ߟߢࠆޕᄙߊߩㇺᏒ߇㐿⊒ࡊࡠࠬߦෳടߒޔᵴべࠍ⛯ߌߡ߅ࠅޔ೨✦ ⚂࿖ળ⼏㐿ㇺᏒࠢ࠴ࡃ㧔ࡉࠫ࡞COP8 㐿ㇺᏒ㧕ࡦࡏޔ㧔࠼ࠗ࠷COP9 㐿ㇺᏒ㧕 ߩ߶߆࡞ࠝ࠻ࡦࡕޔ㧔ࠞ࠽࠳㧕╬ޔ࿖ㅪߦ㑐ଥߒߚㇺᏒ߽߹ࠇߡࠆޔߚ߹ޕᰴ࿁ ✦⚂࿖ળ⼏㐿ㇺᏒߣߥࠆฬฎደᏒ߽ෳടߒߚޕ ᣣᧄߢߪޔ2008 ᐕߦ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈၮᧄᴺ߇ᣂߒߊᣉⴕߐࠇ ╙ޔ13 ᧦ߢߪޔᣇ⥄ᴦߦ ኻߒޔฦ⥄ᴦߩ㧔ᜰᮡߩ↪ࠍ㧕↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈၞᚢ⇛ߩ╷ቯࠍ᳞ߚޕട߃ߡޔㇺ Ꮢߣ߁⁁ᴫߦ․ቯߒߚ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠍഃࠅߔߚ࡞ࡐࠟࡦࠪޔᐭߩਥዉߦࠃࠅޔ ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߣฬઃߌࠄࠇߚࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉ߇ㅴࠄࠇߡࠆ 㧔Chan and Djoghlaf 2009 ෳᾖ㧕ߪ࡞ࡐࠟࡦࠪޕㇺᏒߢࠆߣหᤨߦ࿖ኅߢࠆߚޔᜰ ᮡ㐿⊒ߩߚߩ࿖㓙⊛⺰⼏ߦ߅ߡ⁛⥄ߩ┙႐ߦ⟎ߒߡࠆ ߩࠄࠇߎޕ4 ߟߩㇺᏒߣㇺ Ꮢ࿖ኅࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ߪޔฬฎደᏒߢ㐿ߐࠇࠆ COP10 ߢㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈⴕേ⸘↹ߩណᛯࠍ ᡰេߔࠆㆇ༡ᆔຬળࠍ⚵❱ߒߚޕ (6) ߘߩઁᯏ㑐 ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ㧔CBI㧕ߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆߘߩઁߩߣߒߡࠗࠢࠗޔ㧔⇇ਛ ߩ 1,100 ㇺᏒ߆ࠄߥࠆදળ㧕ߣ IUCN㧔࿖㓙⥄ὼ⼔ㅪว㧕ߩࠞ࠙ࡦ࠻࠳࠙ࡦ 2010 ╬ߩᏒ ᳃␠ળߦࠃࠆࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉ߿ᵴേ߇ࠆޕ ࠗࠢࠗߪ 2006 ᐕ߆ࠄᆎ߹ߞߚ⹜㛎Ბ㓏ߢ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈࡠࠞ࡞ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߣ߁⥄り ߩࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉࠍណᛯߒޔIUCN ߪࠗࠢࠗߣᦨㄭ⸳┙ߐࠇߚࡄ࠻࠽ࠪ࠶ࡊߩෳട ⠪ߣ✕ኒߦදߒߡࠆ㧔2 ߟߩࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉߣ CBI ෳട⠪ࠍㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ ࠣࡠࡃ࡞ࡄ࠻࠽ࠪ࠶ࡊ㧕ߪࡉࠖ࠹ࠕࠪ࠾ࠗߩࠄࠇߎޕ㐿⊒ㅜ࿖ߩㇺᏒ߽ߺޔCBI ߩ㐿⊒ㆊ⒟ߦࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ࠍਈ߃ࠆޕ -5- 㧞㧙㧞㧚↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣᜰᮡ (1) ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߦ߅ߌࠆਥⷐ⺖㗴 ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣᜰᮡߩ㑐ଥߪⶄ㔀ߢࠅޔ㕙⊕ߦ߃ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ߇ߒߡߘ߁ ߢߪߥޕᢥ₂ߦࠃࠆߣޔㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߦ߅ߌࠆਥⷐ⺖㗴ߪޔ ᰴߩ 2 ὐߦ㓸⚂ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚޕ 㧨ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߩਥⷐ⺖㗴㧪 Ԙⓨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡞ߪᤨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡞ ԙ⸥ߣ․ޔቯߩ㐳ᦼ⊛⋡ᮡߪ⋡⊛ߣߩ㑐ଥ ߘ߽ߘ߽↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߪ᷹ቯน⢻ߥᜰᮡߣ߁ࠃࠅߪ⥄ࠇߘޟޔ߇⋡⊛ߣ߆ߥߪߢޠ ߁ၮᧄ⊛ߥ⇼߇ࠆ㧔Nose㧘1990ޔZebisch ߦᒁ↪㧘2004㧕ߦࠇߎޕട߃‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߣ ߘߩᜰᮡߪዤᐲߣၞߩ⁁ᴫߦᏀฝߐࠇࠆߣ߁ታ㓙⊛㗴߇ࠆޕℂᗐ⊛ߥࡕ࠾࠲ࡦ ࠣᜰᮡߪ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩⶄ㔀ߐޔ㓏ጀ⊛ಽ㘃ߟ߆ޔᄙ㕙⊛ߥᕈ⾰ࠍቢోߦᤋߒߡߥߌ ࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ㧔Nose㧘1990㧧Muller㧘1992㧕ޕಽᨆߪ 3 ߟߩࡌ࡞㧔ㆮવሶޔ⒳↢ޔᘒ♽㧕 ࠍࠞࡃߒޔฦࡌ࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ⎕უ⊛߮៊ኂࠍਈ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߥⷐ⚛ࠍขࠅᛒߞߡ߆ߥߌ ࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ㧔Spangenberg㧘2007㧕ޕ ߒ߆ߒޔታ㓙ߦߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߪ߅ߘࠄߊታⴕਇน⢻ߢࠆ㧔Lin ઁ㧘2009㧧 Hermy㧒Cornelis㧘2000㧕‛↢ޕᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߣ߁⑼ቇ⊛ദജߪ߹ߛ⊒ዷᲑ㓏ߢ ࠆ‛↢ޕᄙ᭽ᕈߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸⊛േะࠍᤋߒޔၮᧄ⊛⺰ὐࠍ⏕ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇⋡ᮡߢ ࠆ 㧔van Stien ઁ㧘2009 for typology and challenges the Netherlands ෳᾖ㧕ޕ -6- (2) ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߦ᳞ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ߁ᔨߪ᥉ㆉ⊛ߥᔨߢࠅߩߘޔᯏߩࡌ࡞ߪ․߫ߒ߫ߒޔቯߩ ⓨ㑆⊛ᤨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡞ߦࡦࠢߒߡࠆߚߩߤޟޔᯏࡌ࡞ߢ⺞ᩏࠍߒߚߩ߆ޔ ߹ߚߪᯏߩߤߩࠣ࡞ࡊࠍ࠲ࠥ࠶࠻ߣߔࠆߩ߆ࠍ⏕ߦߔࠆߪߣߎޠਇนᰳߢࠆޕ ↢ᘒቇ⊛ⶄ㔀ߐߣ⑼ቇ⊛࿎㔍ߐߣߣ߽ߦ⏕ൻߐࠇߚࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞ࠍߞߡޔDale ߣ Beyeler ߪޟ⏕ߥ⋡ᮡࠍᜬߞߚᜰᮡߩㆬᛯߪ↢ޔᘒቇ⊛ᜰᮡߩ⊒ዷߣ↪ߦ߅ߌࠆ 3 ߟߩ㔍ߩ ߁ߜߩ 1 ߟߢࠆ⺰⚿ߣޠઃߌߚ↢ޕᘒቇ⊛ᜰᮡߣ߁⸒⪲ߪޔⅣႺᜰᮡߣห⟵⺆ߚ߹ޔ ߪߘߩ৻ㇱߩࠣ࡞ࡊࠍᜰߔ⸒⪲ߣߒߡࠊࠇࠆޕNiemeijer ߣ Groot㧔2008b㧕ߪ↢ޔᘒ ♽ߣ↢‛ቇ⊛ࡊࡠࠬߢ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⊛ᄌൻߣൻቇ⊛ᄌൻࠍߔࠆߣ߈↢ޔᘒቇ⊛ࡊࡠࠬ ߩ↪ࠍ㒢ቯߔࠆߎߣߪ⋉ߢࠆߛࠈ߁ߣㅀߴߡࠆޕ ⸘↹┙᩺ߣߩ㑐ଥߢޔTermorshuizen ઁ㧔2007㧕ߪ⋡ޔᮡ⸳ቯߪߤߩࡌ࡞ߩ↢ᘒቇ⊛ ᯏ⢻ࠍขࠅᛒ߁ߩ߆ㆬᛯ⊛ߢࠆߴ߈ߣᜰ៰ߒߡࠆౕޕ⊛ߥᣇᴺࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣߦ㑐 ߒߡޔSavard ઁ㧔2000㧕ߪฦ▤ℂࡌ࡞ߦኻᔕߔࠆߐ߹ߑ߹ߥࠬࠤ࡞ࠍ߁ߎߣࠍᜰ៰ ߒߡࠆߪࠇߎޕੱߣၞ␠ળߪߚ߹ޔᣇ⥄ᴦߣㇺᏒᐭ╬▤ࠆߥ⇣ޔℂࡌ࡞ߩ 㑆ߩหࠍ↢ߓߐߖࠆޕ -7- (3) ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߦ㑐ߔࠆᣢሽ⎇ⓥ ৻ㇱ↢ޔᕷߩ࠲ࠗࡊ߮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ⍦⋫ߔࠆᯏ⢻ߩ⋧ㅪ⚿ߩߚޔㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ߒߡߪ߶ߣࠎߤ⎇ⓥ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡߎߥ߆ߞߚ⥄ޔࠅ߹ߟޕὼ⼔ߪߒ߫ߒ߫ᄖ᧪⒳ ࠍㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ㗔ၞߦ߅ߡޔㅢᏱ࡚ࠢࠛࠪࡦ⊛ࠆߪ⟤⊛ଔ୯ߦᰴߢ ੑᰴ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢߞߚޔߚ߹ޕቇ㓙⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࠴ߩᔅⷐ߇ต߫ࠇߡࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔ ޟㇺ Ꮢ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߪ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⊛ⷰὐߦᡰ㈩ߐࠇߡࠆ߁ߣޠᛕ್߽ࠆ␠ޕળ ⊛↢ޔᘒቇ⊛ଔ୯ࠍ⛔วߔࠆߣ߁ᣇᴺ⺰⊛㗴ߪޔਥߦㇺᏒᨋ▤ℂߩ႐ߢ⼏⺰ߐࠇߡ ࠆޕ ታ㓙↢ޔᘒቇ⊛߮␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ಽ㊁ࠍㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ⚿߮ઃߌࠆቇ㓙⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࠴ ࠍߞߚ⎇ⓥߪ߆ߥࠅ㒢ቯߐࠇߡࠆޕTyrvainen ઁ㧔2007㧕ޔMakinen ߣ Tyrvainen 㧔2008㧕 ࠍᢙዋߥ⎇ⓥ߇ㅴⴕਛߢࠅޔၞ᳃ߩଔ୯ⷰࠍㇺᏒ✛ൻၞ⸘↹ߦ⛔วߔࠆᣇ ᴺ⺰ࠍㅀߴߡࠆޔ߫߃ޕOyeyar ઁ㧔2007㧕ߪ 3 ߟߩቇ㓙⊛ⷐ⚛̆⚻ᷣ⊛ⷐ⚛㧔ቛଔ ᩰ㧕␠ޔળ⊛ⷐ⚛㧔ၞ߇ḩ⿷ߔࠆߣᨋߩ↪㧕↢ޔᘒቇ⊛ⷐ⚛㧔㡆⑯⒳ߩ⼾ንߐ㧕 ̆ࠍ↪ߒߚ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ⎇ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔߪ߈ߴߔ╩․ߢߎߎޕⓥߪ߹ߛታ㛎Ბ㓏ߦࠅޔ ↢ᘒቇ⊛㕙ߪߒ߫ߒ߫↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⒳ߩࡌ࡞ߦ߹ߢᒁ߈ਅߍࠄࠇߡߒ߹߁ߚ⎇ޔⓥ ᣇᴺࠍ৻ጀ㜞ᐲߦߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆߎߣߢࠆ↢ޔ߫ࠇ߃߆⸒ޕᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬ߇ㇺᏒߦ߅ ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ⎇ⓥߩ৻ㇱߢࠆߚߦߪ↢ޔᘒቇ⊛⎇ⓥߪࠃࠅᄢߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ 㧔ߒ߫ߒ߫ዋߥ࠰ࠬߢ㧕ޕ ⎇ⓥਇ⿷ߣ㒢ቯ⊛࠰ࠬߩ㗴ࠍసߔࠆߚߦޔHermy ߣ Cornelis㧔2000㧕ߪޔᒰ ዪ߇⡯ຬߩឭଏน⢻ߥᤨ㑆ࠍᤨޟ㑆㈩ಽߣߎࠆߔޠ㧔᮸ᧁߩߚߥߒ 1 ᣣ㧛15ha ╬㧕ࠍㅀ ߴߡࠆߦࠇߎޕട߃ߡޔㇺᏒߩ⥄ὼ▤ℂߦߣߞߡᏒ᳃ෳടߪߒ߽ޟᔅⷐߢߥߣߒߡ߽ ㊀ⷐߢࠆߣޠ㐳ࠄߊߺߥߐࠇߡ߈ߚޕၞߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆߚߩᏒ᳃ෳടߩ 㓸ߣㇺᏒ᳃ߩ࠻࠾ࡦࠣߪޔ᳃ߦࠃࠆࠝ࠽ࠪ࠶ࡊ㧔⺕߇ߘࠇߩࠛࡦ࠼࡙ࠩ ߆㧕ࠍᒝൻߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠍ࠻ࠬࠦޔᷫࠄߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߩ 6 ࠞ࿖ߦ߅ߡ․ޔߥ࠷࡞㧔⊛ࠗࡌࡦ࠻⺞ޔࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔᩏ╬㧕 ߣࠕࡊࡠ࠴㧔ኾ㐷ኅޔሶଏߩෳടޔℂᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧕ࠍ↪ߒߚㇺᏒᨋ▤ℂߩ⹏ଔ ࠍⴕߞߚޕ╷ቯ⠪ߣၞಽ㊁ߩኾ㐷ኅߣߩදߦ߅ߡᣇ⥄ᴦࡌ࡞ߢ↢‛ᄙ᭽ ᕈᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠇ߫ޔᜰᮡߦ߹ࠇࠆᖱႎ߇ࠃࠅᄙߊߩᏒ᳃ߦ㐿߆ࠇߚ߽ߩߦߥࠆߣ Tasser ઁ㧔2008㧕ߪㅀߴߡࠆޕ -8- (4) ⚿⺰ ⷐߔࠆߦޔㄭᐕߩᄙߊߩᢥ₂߇➅ࠅߒᒝ⺞ߒߡࠆߩߪޔᜰᮡߪ․ቯߩⓨ㑆⊛ᤨޔ㑆 ⊛ࠬࠤ࡞ߢ㐿⊒ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢࠅޔฦߩޘㆬᛯߒߚࠬࠤ࡞߿ࡌ࡞ߦኻᔕߔࠆ╷㧔▤ ℂ⸘↹㧕߇ᔅⷐߢࠆߣ߁ߎߣߢࠆޕਥߦߦ߅ߌࠆㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߪ ߘߩⶄ㔀ߐߣ⍦⋫ߔࠆⷐ⚛ߩߚߦᲧセ⊛ਲߒޕ -9- 㧞㧙㧟㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩᱧผ (1) ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩᄌㆫ 1970 ᐕઍߩ㐿⊒ೋᦼᲑ㓏ߦ߅ߡޔㇺᏒߩᜰᮡߪਥߦ࠺࠲ߩᚻߩߒ߿ߔߐߦଐሽߒ ߡዉߐࠇߚޕㇺᏒߪ⚻ᷣᵴേߩ႐ߣߺߥߐࠇޔㇺᏒߣ߁⁁ᴫߦ․ߥ㈩ᘦࠍߔࠆߎߣ ߥߊޔ࿖ኅࡌ࡞߆ࠄᣇࡌ࡞߹ߢหߓࠬࠤ࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒ߇ࠊࠇߚޕㇺᏒߩᜰᮡߦߣ ߞߡㆡಾߥⓨ㑆⊛ᤨޔ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡞ߩቯߪ➅ࠅߒขࠅߍࠄࠇࠆ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢߢࠆߒޕ ߆ߒޔ߇ߒ߆ߩⅣႺⷐ⚛ߪ⸘᷹ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢࠆߣ߁৻⥸⊛ߥวᗧߪࠆ߽ߩߩߤޔ ߩࠃ߁ߥⓨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒࠍࡕ࠾࠲ߒߡߊ߆ߦߟߡߪߤࠎߣ߶ޔวᗧ߇ᓧࠄ ࠇߡߥࠆޔߪࠇߎޕၞߩߚߦ㐿⊒ߒߚᜰᮡߪઁߩၞߦㆡ↪ߢ߈ߥߣ߁ߎ ߣࠍᗧߒޔၞࠍ߃ߚදᵴേࠍ࿎㔍ߦߒߡࠆޕ ߃߫ࠆޔ㕙ߢᜰᮡ⹏ଔߩࠬࠦࠕߩ㜞ㇺᏒ̆᳓ࠍଏ⛎ߒࠍࡒࠧޔಣℂߔࠆߩߦㆡ ಾߥࠍᜬߞߡࠆ̆ߪߩߚߩ✛ޔ߇ਇ⿷ߒߡࠆ႐ว߽ࠅߩߘޔᗧߢߪࠬ ࠦࠕ߇ૐߣ⸒߁ߎߣ߇߃ࠆޕߦޔOECD ߩࡐ࠻ߪޔㇺᏒߩᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ࠊߞߡ ࠆߔߴߡߩ⑼ቇ⠪ߦߩߢ࡞ࡌߚߞߥ⇣ޔ㑐ㅪߒߚⓨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒࠍ⏕ቯߔࠆ ߎߣࠍ߮߆ߌߡࠆޕ ฎౖ⊛ߥᜰᮡߪߒ߫ߒ߫↢↥ޔ㓹↪ੱޔญࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ㗴ߦ㓸ਛߒߡߚߩࠄࠇߎޕ ᜰᮡߦ৻⥸⊛ߥⅣႺ࠺࠲߇߹ࠇߡࠆ႐วߦߪߪࠇߘޔᄢ᳇ߩࡕ࠾࠲ࡦࠣ߿᳓ߩᖱ ႎޔേᬀ‛ߩᄌൻߢߞߚ߇࠲࠺ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ╷ቯ⠪ߦߣߞߡ⋉ߢࠆ߆ߦߟ ߡߪ߶ߣࠎߤᵈᗧ߇ᛄࠊࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕട߃ߡ⚻ޔᷣ⊛㕙ߪߒ߫ߒ߫ᒝ⺞ߐࠇߚ߇␠ޔળ ⊛㕙߿ᢥൻ⊛㕙ߪ߶ߣࠎߤ⛔วߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕ ᔨࡌ࡞ߦ߅ߡ⚻ޔᷣᵴേߩਥⷐ႐ᚲߢࠆㇺᏒߪߣࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩߟߣ߭ߔ߹ߔ߹ޔ ߒߡᝒ߃ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ⊛ဳౖߩࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩߎޕᵹࠇߪޔᔨൻߒߚ‛⾰ߣࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ ࠍࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߣߒߣ⾰‛ߚࠇߐ↥↢ޔᑄ᫈‛ࠍࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ߣߒߚޔߡߒ߁ߎޕㇺᏒࠍ ↢ᘒ♽߹ߚߪᄢ߈ߥ↢ᘒ♽ߩዊߐߥ৻ㇱߣߺߥߔᔅⷐ߇↢ߓߡ߈ߚޕ ᄌൻߒߡߊ⚻ᷣ␠ળᵴേߩߚޔ↪ߦ߅ߌࠆㅦߊߥࠢ࠶ࡒ࠽ࠗ࠳ޔᄌൻࠍᤋ ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠄࠇޔㇺᏒߩⓨ㑆⊛ᤨ㑆⊛ᨒ⚵ߺߪ߹ߔ߹ߔᜰᮡߩ᭴▽ߦ⛔วߐࠇߚޕㇺ Ꮢ⸘↹ߦ߅ߡޔSnep ߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠭ࡓࠍ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍᒝൻߔࠆߚޔࠍᓴ Ⅳ↪ߔࠆౕ⊛ߥᣇᴺࠍㅀߴߡࠆߩߘޕᣇᴺߪޔᬺߢߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍᒝൻߒޔవ 㚟⒳㧔ਇᲫߩߦᦨೋߦቯ⌕ߔࠆ㧕ᬀ‛ߩߚߦᑪ⸳೨ߩࠍ↪ߒߚ߹ޔᲧセ⊛㕒߆ ߥੱ㑆ߩዞᤨ㑆ᓟߩࠍᄛⴕᕈߩ⒳ߩߚߦ߁ߣ߁߽ߩߢࠆޕ - 10 - ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߦኻߔࠆઁߩᄌൻߪޔઍᦧ⾗Ḯ࠺࠲ࠍ⛔วߔࠆߎߣߢࠅࠅࠃߦࠇߘޔⅣႺޔ ஜߦ㑐ଥߒߚ㕙ࠍᒝൻߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ⸒ޕ឵߃ࠇ߫ޔㇺᏒߩᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߪ߽ߪ߿ නߥࠆޟઍ⻢ࡈࡠ㧔⾗Ḯߩࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߣߏߺߩࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻㧕ߩᷫߩࠆࠇߐߥߺߣޠ ߢߪߥߊੱߔ߹ߔ߹ޔ㑆ߩዬᔟㆡᕈ㧔␠ળ⊛ᔟㆡߐߣஜ㧕ߣੱ㑆ߩᯏળߩഃߩ㗴 ߦߥߞߡ߈ߡࠆޕ ↪߇߹ߔ߹ߔᄌൻߒޔᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩὶὐߪⅣႺ⊛ᜰᮡ߆ࠄᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡ߳ߣᄌࠊ ߞߡ߈ߡࠆޕᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡߪ␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣ↢ᘒቇ⊛ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⋧㑐㑐ଥߦࠃ ࠅ․ᓽߠߌࠄࠇࠆߣࠢࡑ࠴ࡦࡌߡߞࠃޕⅣႺ⁁ᘒߩࡕ࠾࠲ࡦࠣߦߪ߹ࠅὶὐ߇⟎߆ ࠇߥޕᜰᮡߪ߹ߔ߹ߔᴦ⊛⼏㗴ߩਛᔃߣߥࠅޔὶὐߪⅣႺ߆ࠄᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈ߳ߣ⒖ࠅޔ ⋡ᮡߣ⋡⊛߽ᄌൻߒߚޕᜬ⛯น⢻ߥᜰᮡߩਥⷐ⋡ᮡߪޔၞ␠ળ߇ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ␠ળߦะ߆ ߞߡㅴࠎߢࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߢࠆߪࠬࡠࡊߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ⢛᥊ߣㇺᏒߦࠃࠅ ᄌൻߔࠆߩࠇߙࠇߘޕㇺᏒߪࠇߙࠇߘޔ࿕ߩᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߩᔨࠍᜬߟะߦࠆߣߐࠇ ࠆߚߢࠆޕฦ⁁ᴫߦ߅ߡᜰᮡߩᨒ⚵ߺߪၮᧄ⊛ߦޔᜰᮡࠍࠆੱߦࠄࠇߘޔߣޘၮ ߠߡቯࠍߔࠆੱߦޘὶὐࠍᒰߡࠆ⚿ߩߎޕᨐߣߒߡޔㇺᏒߩᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡߩὶὐߪ ޟ㐿⊒ᜰᮡޟࠄ߆ޠ╷ᯏ㑐ߩว૬ߣ⛔วߣ߳ޠ⒖ࠅᄌࠊߞߚޕ - 11 - (2) ⚿⺰ ⷐߔࠆߦޔᜰᮡߩὶὐߪޔੱߩ⚻ᷣ⊛ޔⅣႺ⊛㕙߆ࠄ․ޔቯߩᜰᮡߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ߳ߣ ᄌൻߒߚߩߎޕℂ↱ߪߩߟ৻ޔ㧔⚻ᷣ⊛߹ߚߪⅣႺ⊛㧕ⷐ⚛ߩ㗔ၞߦ߅ߌࠆᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߪޔ ߒ߫ߒ߫ઁߩ㗔ၞߦ߅ߡᗧ࿑ߒߥุቯ⊛ะߦߟߥ߇ࠆ߆ࠄߢࠆޔ߫߃ޕቛߩ ࠃ߁ߥ⚻ᷣᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߪޔቛࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦቯߒߚࠍଏ⛎ߔࠆߚߦḨࠍၒ ┙ߡࠆߣߞߚࠃ߁ߥ⋧ޔ㑐㑐ଥߩࠆⅣႺᜰᮡߩᖡൻߦߟߥ߇ࠆޕ ⚻ᷣ⊛㕙ߣⅣႺ⊛㕙ߩ࠻࠼ࠝࡈߩࡃࡦࠬࠍߣࠆߚޔ᳃߳ߩജ߿࿖ኅߩ ᔕߣⅣႺ⼔ߩⴕേࠍߺߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔㅪേߪߒ߫ߒ߫࿃ᨐㅪ㎮ᔕߦߥࠆޔ߫߃ޕ Huang ઁߪㇺᏒߩᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߦߪ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߔ 3 ߟߩ࠲ࠗࡊ̆ⷐޟ࿃ޔޠ ޟᓇ㗀ޠ ޔ ޟኻ╷ޠ ̆߇ࠆߣㅀߴߡࠆޕᗧ࿑ߒߥุቯ⊛⚿ᨐࠍㆱߌࠆᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡᒻᚑߩ⹜ߺߣၞ ␠ળࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆߚߦޔน⢻ߥઁߩⷐ⚛ࠍ⛔วߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ࿃ᨐㅪ㎮ᔕߦኻᔕߔࠆߎ ߣߪోߣߒߡᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߦะ߆ߞߡ೨ㅴߒߡࠆߣ߃ࠆޕ ਅߦ߅ߡޔೋᦼߣᓟᦼߩㇺᏒߩᜰᮡ㐿⊒ࠍᲧセߒߡࠆߪࠇߎޕᜰᮡㅴൻߩㆊ⒟ࠍ ߔ߽ߩߢࠆ߇ޔᔅߕߒ߽೨ㅴࠍᗧߔࠆ߽ߩߣߪ㒢ࠄߥޕ City as... ㇺᏒߣߪ Geographic scales and time frames ℂ⊛ࠬࠤ࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒ Indicator ᜰᮡ Focus ὶὐ Characters of formation of indicators ᜰᮡᒻᚑߩ․ᓽ 2-1 ㇺᏒߩᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩᄌㆫ Classic scheme Modern scheme ฎࠬࠠࡓ ᣂߒࠬࠠࡓ (1970 㨪80 ᐕઍ) (1990 ᐕઍ㨪 ) Site of economic activities Conceptualized system ⚻ᷣᵴേߩ႐ ᔨൻߐࠇߚࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ Transposed from Special considerations for national/regional level urban settings ࿖ኅߪᣇࡌ࡞ ㇺᏒⅣႺߩߚߩ․ߥ㗴 Economic/Social/Environment Sustainability ⚻ᷣ/␠ળ/ⅣႺ ᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈ Development of indicators Policy institutions ᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ ╷ᯏ㑐 Point-to-point Benchmarks Causal-Chains (Pressure, Driving force, ੑὐ㑆ߩࡌࡦ࠴ࡑࠢ State, Impact, Response) ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ㧔⽶⩄ⷐ࿃⁁ᘒ ᓇ㗀ኻ╷㧕 㧔ෳ⠨㧕OECD (1997), Opschoor and Reijnders (1991), and Huang et al. (1998). - 12 - ㇺᏒ⸘↹ߢߪޟਛ㑆ࠬࠤ࡞㧔ㇺᏒࡌ࡞ߣੱ⊛᭴ᗐߩਛ㑆㧕ߢߩಽᨆ߇ၮᧄߢࠆޠ ߣ߁ᜰ៰߇ࠆ߇ޔᣣ߹ߢ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⏕ߥวᗧ ߪߥࠇߘޕ↢ޔᘒቇ⊛␠ળ⊛ࡌ࡞ߩⓨ㑆⊛ᤨޔ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡞ߩࡒࠬࡑ࠶࠴ߪ↢ᘒ ቇ⊛⍮⼂ࠍㇺᏒ⸘↹ߦ⛔วߔࠆߚߩ㔍ߢࠅ⛯ߌߡࠆޕ ㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆᥳቯ⊛ⷙޔ⊛ࠨࡆࠬߩࠃ߁ߥ↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߪ߫ߒ߫ߒޔㇺᏒߩႺ⇇ ࠍ߃ߚ↢ᘒ♽ߦࠃࠅਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ৻ߪࠄࠇߎޔߒ߆ߒޕઍߩ↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߩน⢻ᕈߪ 㕖Ᏹߦᄢ߈ߣ߁ታߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔㇺᏒ⸘↹⠪ߣ╷ቯ⠪ߦࠃࠅㆊߏߐࠇࠆ ะߦࠆޕㇺᏒߩᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޟޔ㝷ᴺߩࠃ߁ߥ߽߆ߥߪ࡞ࠤࠬޠ ߒࠇߥ߇ߩ࡞ࠤࠬߚߞ߁ߎޔᴦ⊛⋡ᮡߣߩㅪ៤ߪㇺᏒ⸘↹ߦߣߞߡਇนᰳߢࠆ ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡࠆޕ - 13 - 㧞㧙㧠㧚ᣣᧄߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒േะ (1) ᜰᮡ㐿⊒േะ ᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅ߡߪޔ1970 ᐕઍࠃࠅⅣႺⴕߩಽ㊁ߢⅣႺߩ⁁ᘒ߿ⅣႺኻ╷ߩ⁁ᴫࠍ᷹ࠆ ⅣႺᜰᮡ߇↪ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ⻉ޕᄖ࿖ߢߪ࿖ࡌ࡞ߩⅣႺᜰᮡߩ߇ᄙߊࠄࠇ ࠆ߇ޔᣣᧄߢߪၞࡌ࡞ߢߩᵴ↪߇⋓ࠎߢࠆߎߣ߇․⦡ߢࠆ㧔ਛญ㧘2003㧕ޕ ߹ߚޔⅣႺᜰᮡߩᵴ↪⋡⊛ߣߒߡߪޔⅣႺ㑐ㅪࡑࠬ࠲ࡊࡦߩ╷ቯޔㆇ↪ࠍߒ⋥ޔ ਥ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ߽ߩ߇ᄙޔߚ߹ޕᏒ᳃ߩⅣႺᗧ⼂ะⅣႺ㈩ᘦⴕേଦㅴߩ߈ߞ߆ߌߣߒ ߡᜰᮡࠍᵴ↪ߒߡࠆ߽ࠆ㧔ਛญ㧘2003㧕ޕᜰᮡߩᵴ↪⋡⊛ߩઍ⊛ߥᜰᮡߪ ਅߦ␜ߔߣ߅ࠅߢࠆޕ 2-2 ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩᄌㆫ ᜰᮡߩᵴ↪⋡⊛ ઍ⊛ߥ ᧲੩ㇺᔟㆡⅣႺᜰᮡ 㧭㧚Ꮢ᳃ߩⅣႺᗧ⼂ะⅣႺ㈩ᘦⴕേଦㅴ ችၔ⋵᷷ቶലᨐࠟࠬ✚วᜰᮡ ߩ߈ߞ߆ߌߣߒߡᵴ↪ ᎹፒᏒⅣႺⷰኤᜰᮡ ችၔ⋵ࠛࠦࠗࡈᜰᮡ ╬ 㧮㧚Ꮢ᳃ߣⴕߩࡄ࠻࠽ࠪ࠶ࡊᵴേߩ ផㅴߦᵴ↪ ੩ߩࠕࠫࠚࡦ࠳ᜰᮡ ᧲੩ㇺᔟㆡⅣႺᜰᮡ 㧯㧚ⅣႺ㑐ㅪࡑࠬ࠲ࡊࡦߩ╷ቯޔㆇ↪⼾ ޔਛᏒⅣႺ✚วᜰᮡ ⋥ߒᤨߦᵴ↪ ᣣ㊁ᏒⅣႺ✚วᜰᮡ ฦⅣႺၮᧄ⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆᢙ୯⋡ᮡ ╬ ̪ޟਛญᲞඳ㧚ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆၞࡌ࡞ⅣႺᜰᮡߩᵴ↪ߩ⁁ߣ⺖㗴㧚࿖ㅢ⋭࿖ㅢ╷⎇ⓥᚲᯏ 㑐 PRI Review㧧2003ߦߣ߽ࠍޠᚑ - 14 - ᚒ߇࿖ߢߪⅣႺၮᧄ⸘↹ߩߚߩᜰᮡᚑ߇ਛᔃߢߞߚޕਛญ㧔2003㧕ߩᢥ₂ࠍ߽ߣ ߦߘߩᄌㆫࠍਅߦᢛℂߔࠆޕ 2-3 ⅣႺၮᧄ⸘↹ߢߩᵴ↪ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆᜰᮡߩᚑേะ ᐕઍ ᚑേะ 1970 ᐕઍᓟඨ ٤․ቯߩⅣႺ࠹ࡑߦ⛉ߞߚⅣႺᜰᮡߩᚑ߇ਥᵹޕ 㨪80 ᐕઍ೨ඨ 㧔ᄹᎹ⋵ߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ✚วᜰᮡޔᄢ㒋ᐭߩ↢‛ᜰᮡࠍ↪ߚ᳓⾰⹏ଔ ╬㧕 ٤ኂ㒐ᱛ⥄ὼⅣႺో߆ࠄ⁜⟵ߩᔟㆡⅣႺഃㅧ߹ߢࠍ✚ว⊛ߦ⹏ଔߒߚ 1980 ᐕઍᓟඨ ᔟㆡⅣႺᜰᮡߩᚑ߇ㅴ㧔ർᎺᏒ᧲ޔ੩ㇺ╬㧕ޕ ٤ၞⅣႺ⸘↹╬ߦ߅ߌࠆⅣႺߩ✚ว⹏ଔ࠷࡞ߣߒߡᵴ↪ߐࠇࠆะߦߞߚޕ ٤ⶄᢙߩⷐ⚛ࠍ㓸⚂ൻߒߚ✚วᜰᮡߣ߁․⦡ࠍᜬߞߡߚޕ ٤ⅣႺ㗴ࠍⷞ㊁ߦࠇ⾗ޔḮ↪ஜోᐲᜰᮡ㧔ችၔ⋵┙⿷ޔ╬㧕߿ 1990 ᐕઍ ࠛࠦࠗࡈᜰᮡ㧔ችၔ⋵ޔජ⪲Ꮢ╬㧕ߥߤߩᚑ߇ㅴ㧔ߚߛߒޔᜰ ᮡ⟲ࠍ✚ⷩ⊛ߦߖߚ࠲ࠗࡊߩ߽ߩߢߞߚޕ 㧕 ٤࿖߇ⅣႺၮᧄ⸘↹ߩߚߩ✚ว⊛ⅣႺᜰᮡ⹜᩺ࠍߒߚߎߣ߇߈ߞ߆ߌ 1997 ᐕ ߣߥࠅޔᜰᮡࠍዉߔࠆ⥄ᴦ߇ᕆჇߒߚޕ ٤✚ว⋡ᮡߩዉߪᷫዋߒޔᢙචߩᜰᮡࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆ߇Ⴧടߒߚޕ ̪ޟਛญᲞඳ㧔2003㧕 ޟᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆၞࡌ࡞ⅣႺᜰᮡߩᵴ↪ߩ⁁ߣ⺖㗴ޠ࿖ㅢ⋭࿖ㅢ╷⎇ ⓥᚲᯏ㑐 PRI Reviewߦߣ߽ࠍޠᚑ ✚วᜰᮡಽ㘃ߩⅣႺᜰᮡ 㧔ౖ㧕ޟਛญᲞඳ㧔2003㧕ޟᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆၞࡌ࡞ⅣႺᜰᮡߩᵴ↪ߩ⁁ߣ⺖㗴ޠ࿖ㅢ⋭࿖ㅢ ╷⎇ⓥᚲᯏ㑐 PRI Reviewޠ - 15 - (2) ⚿⺰ ᚒ߇࿖ߢߎࠇ߹ߢ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚⅣႺᜰᮡߩᄢᄙᢙߪޔⅣႺ㑐ㅪࡑࠬ࠲ࡊࡦ╬ߢߩᵴ↪ ࠍਥ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ⥄ޔᴦනߢᚑߐࠇߚ߽ߩߣ߃ࠆޕᜰᮡߩౕ⊛ߥ㗄⋡ߪㇺᏒߏߣ ߦᄙ᭽ߢࠆ߇ޔᄢ᳇᳓⾰ᡷༀ߿ᑄ᫈‛ኻ╷ޔㅢ‛ᵹኻ╷ޔ᥊ⷰะޔ᷷ᥦൻ ኻ╷ߥߤฦ⒳ⅣႺᣉ╷ࠍࡃࡦࠬࠃߊ✂⟜ߒߚᜰᮡ߇ᄙߊ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߣ߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ╷ ቯߐࠇߚ߽ߩߪዋߥޕ ߹ߚޔᜰᮡߩᚑߪၮᧄ⊛ߦⴕਥዉߢᚑߐࠇߚ߽ߩ߇ᄙߊޔᏒ᳃ߣߩදߢᜰᮡࠍ ᚑߒߚ߿Ꮢ᳃࿅ߩߺߢᜰᮡࠍᚑߒߚ╬߽߶ߣࠎߤߥߩ߇⁁ߢࠆޕ - 16 - 㧟㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦߟߡߩᬌ⸛ ᴦ⊛⋡ᮡߣࠬࠤ࡞ߩ㗴ߩㅪ៤ߣ߁㔍㗴ߦኻᔕߒߡޔPSR㧔Pressure㧙State㧙 Response㧕ࡕ࠺࡞ߪᜰᮡߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᴦ⊛㕙ߩ⛔วࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒߚᦨೋߩࡕ࠺࡞ߩ৻ߟߢ ࠆޕPSR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩේဳߪ UNEP ߣࠞ࠽࠳ᐭ⛔⸘ዪߣߩදߢ OECD ߦࠃࠅ╷ቯߐࠇߚ ߽ߩߢࠆ⊒ߩߎޕዷᒻߣߒߡޔDPSIR㧔Driving force㧙Pressure㧙State㧙Impact㧙 Response㧕ࡕ࠺࡞߇↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ↢ޔᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬޔㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ⼏⺰ߢᦨ߽ࠃߊㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆ ᡷ⦟ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ৻ߟߣߥߞߚޕ - 17 - 㧟㧙㧝㧚DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ⢛᥊ߣఝᕈ ၮᧄ⊛ߦ PSR ࡕ࠺࡞ߪ⦡ࠍ⚛ⷐߥޘ࿃ᨐㅪ㎮ᔕߩᨒ⚵ߺߦࠇࠆߩ⚛ⷐޕᵹࠇߪޔ ⏕ߢ᭴▽⊛ߥᒻߢᜰᮡ㑆ߩ㑐ଥࠍឭ␜ߔࠆޔ߫߃ޔߪߢ࡞࠺ࡕᧄޕ↪߇ᄌൻߒޔ ࡊޟ ࠶ࠪࡖ㧔⽶⩄㧕ߣ࠻࠹ࠬޟ㧔⁁ᘒ㧕ࠆߪޠ⒳ߦࠃࠅᤋߐࠇޔ ࠬࡦࡐࠬޟ㧔ኻ╷㧕ޠ ߪ⼔ၞࠍჇ߿ߔ╬ߩ╷ߣߥࠆޕ1990 ᐕઍߦ OECD ߦࠃࠅ PSR ࡕ࠺࡞߇⚫ߐࠇߡ ߆ࠄޔ᰷ᎺⅣႺᐡ㧔EEA㧕☨ޔⅣႺ⼔ᐡ㧔EPA㧕ޔ࿖ㅪⅣႺࡊࡠࠣࡓ㧔UNEP㧕 ޔ⇇⾗ Ḯ⎇ⓥᚲ㧔WRI㧕ޔCBD ╬ߩ᭽ߥޘᯏ㑐ߢⅣႺᜰᮡߩ↪߇ᕆㅦߦㅴࠎߛޕ ᤨ㑆ߩ⚻ㆊߣߣ߽ߦޔ ⴕޟേ⊛ⷐ⚛ࠍޠ⠨ᘦߒߥੱ㑆ߦ࿃ߔࠆ⽶⩄ߣኻ╷ߦὶὐ߇⒖ ߞߚߚޔPSR ߩᨒ⚵ߺߩේဳߦᄙዋߩᄌᒻ߇ߥߐࠇޔᨒ⚵ߺߪ DSR ߣ DPSIR ߩฦࡕ࠺ ࡞ߣߣ߽ߦޟផㅴജ⛔ࠍޠวߒߚޕ EEA ߦࠃࠆ DPSIR㧔ⷐ࿃⁁ޔ⩄⽶ޔᘒޔᓇ㗀ޔኻ╷㧕ߩቯ⟵ߪޔ᰷ᎺⅣႺᐡߦࠃࠅណᛯ ߐࠇߚ␠ળߣⅣႺߩ㑆ߩ⋧↪ࠍߔ࿃ᨐ⊛ᨒ⚵ߺߢࠆޕ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞㧔ᡷ⸓ ߽㧕ߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍⅣႺ㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⑼ቇ⊛ޔᴦ⊛⺰ ⼏ߦ߅ߡᓇ㗀ജࠍᜬߜ⛯ߌߡ߈ߚޕ㊀ⷐߥὐߪ߇࡞࠺ࡕߩࠄࠇߎޔᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ߅ߡ 2 ߟߩ⋥ធ⊛ߥ⽸₂ࠍߔࠆߎߣߢࠆ৻ޕὐ⋡߇ߩߘޔ᭴ㅧ߇ᴦ⊛⋡⊛ߦ⸒ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ ࠆߎߣޔੑὐ⋡߇ޔ㑐ㅪߒߚ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆߎߣߢࠆ⚿ޕᨐߣߒߡ◲ࠅࠃޔනߢ ◲ẖߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡚ࠪࡦࠍน⢻ߦߒޔⅣႺ㗴ࠍᒁ߈ߎߔੱ⊛ⷐ⚛ࠍขࠅᛒ߁ߎߣߩ ߢ߈ࠆౕ⊛ߥ╷߹ߚߪ▤ℂ⊛ⴕേࠍ␜ໂߔࠆޕ ⋥ធ⊛ޔ㑆ធ⊛ߥᄌൻߩផㅴജࠍ↪ߔࠆࡒ࠾ࠕࡓ↢ᘒ♽⹏ଔ㧔MEA㧕ߩᨒ⚵ߺߪޔ DPSIR ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢࠆߣ⸃㉼ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕMEA ߩᨒ⚵ߺߪ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ㅪߒ ߚᚢ⇛ߩ㐿⊒ߦ․ߦ㑐ㅪߒߡࠆޕMEA ߩᨒ⚵ߺߩᄙߊߩ⽸₂ߩਛߢ․ߦᒝ⺞ߔߴ߈ὐߪޔ ╙৻ߦ MEA ߪੱ⊛↢ޔᘒ♽⊛ⷐ࿃ࠍ⏕ൻߔࠆߎߣ╙ޔੑߦ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬ ߩ㑆ߩ㑐ଥߪ␜ߐࠇ◲ޔẖߦⷐ⚂ߐࠇࠆߎߣߢࠆᦨޔ߫߃ޕ㊀ⷐೀⴕ‛ߢࠆࠣࡠ ࡃ࡞ࡃࠗࠝ࠳ࠗࡃࠪ࠹ࠖࠕ࠙࠻࡞࠶ࠢ 2㧔GBO2㧕ߪ৻ޔㇱ࠺࠲ࡌࠬߣ㧹㧱㧭 ߆ࠄߩ⸛⼏ߦၮߠߡࠆޕGBO2 ߪ 53 ߩၮᧄ⊛ᩮ㧔߹ߚߪᄌൻߩⷐ࿃㧕ߣ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ ࡆࠬߩᕲᕺߦ⸒ߒߡࠆ ߢ࠻ࡐߩ࠼ࡦࡦࠖࡈޕ130 ߩᜰᮡ㧔ߊߟ߆ߪᚑਛ㧕 ߪ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ⏕ߦߔࠆ DPSIR ಽ㘃ൻߦၮߠߡ 5 ߟߩ࠲ࠗࡊߦಽߌ ࠄࠇߚޕ ࠃߞߡޔMEA ߩᨒ⚵ߺߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ߅ߡ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߣ↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬ ࠍ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߦ⛔วߔࠆޔ㘃ૃߒߚᚢ⇛ࠍ⛮⛯ߒߡߊઁߩ㑐ㅪߒߚೀⴕ‛ߩ ߦ ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚޕ - 18 - 3-1 DPSIR ߩࡔ࠶࠻࠺ࡔ࠶࠻ ٤ᓥ᧪ߪ⑼ޟቇߩޠಽ㊁ߢߩᵴ↪ߦ⇐߹ߞߡߚ߇ޔDPSIR ࠍ↪ࠆߎߣ ࡔ࠶࠻ ߦࠃࠅౕޟ⊛ߥ╷ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ߇ߣߎࠆߌߟ߮⚿ߦޠน⢻ߣߥߞߚޕ ٤↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߣ DPSIR ߣߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥࠆߚޕߔ߿ࠅ߆ࠊޔ ࠺ࡔ࠶࠻ ٤╷╬ࠍⴕ߁⚵❱߇߇ࠄ⥄ޔᛒ߿ߔ࠺࠲ࠍߞߡᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߒߡߒ ߹߁႐ว߇ᄙߚ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⹏ଔߣ߁ὐߦ߅ߡࠬࠢ߇ࠆޕ 3-2 DPSIR ࡈࡓࡢࠢߩᜰᮡಽ ⷐ࿃ 㧔D㧕 ⽶⩄ 㧔P㧕 ੱญ⚻ޔᷣ␠ޔળߩ⊒ዷޔ߮ߘࠇߦ߁ࠗࡈࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ޔᶖ⾌ߩࡌ࡞ޔ ↢↥ࡄ࠲ࡦߩᄌൻߩߎߣޕਥߥⷐ࿃ߪੱญჇടߣߘࠇߦઃ㓐ߔࠆ㔛ⷐ߿ੱ 㑆ᵴേߩᄢߢࠆⷐߩࠄࠇߎޕ࿃ߪ↢↥ߣᶖ⾌ߩోࡌ࡞ߦᄌൻࠍ߈ߚߔޕ ੱ㑆ᵴേߦࠃࠆⅣႺ߳ߩ⽶⩄ߩߎߣޕൻቇ‛⾰߿ᑄ᫈‛ߩ⾗ޔḮ ߩ↪ߥߤߦࠃࠆ⽶⩄ߥߤੱޕ㑆␠ળߦࠃߞߡ߆ߌࠄࠇߚ⽶⩄ߪޔ᭽⥄ߥޘ ὼࡊࡠࠬߦ߅ߡᒻࠍᄌ߃ޔⅣႺߩᄌൻߣ߁ᒻߢࠇߡߊࠆޕ ⁁ᘒ ფޔⓨ᳇ޔ᳓ߥߤߣߞߚ㕖↢‛⊛ߥ⁁ᴫ߿↢ᘒ♽↢ޔᕷၞޔ⒳ޔ⟲ޔ 㧔S㧕 ㆮવሶߣߞߚ᭽⁁ߥ⊛‛↢ࠆߌ߅ߦ࡞ࡌߥޘᴫ㧔↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ㧕ߩߎߣޕ ᓇ㗀 ⅣႺߩᖡൻߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓߚੱޔ㑆↢ᘒ♽ߩஜోᕈ߳ߩᖡᓇ㗀߿⾗ޔḮ↪ޔ 㧔I㧕 ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ⥄ߦኻߔࠆᖡᓇ㗀ޕ ⷐ࿃⽶⩄⁁ᘒᓇ㗀ߦኻಣߔࠆភ⟎㧔ኻ╷㧕ߩߎߣߩࠄࠇߎޕኻ╷ߪ㧔↢ ᕷၞౝޔၞᄖߩ㧕↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩోភ⟎ࠍޔߚ߹ޕㆮવሶ⾗Ḯߩ↪߆ ኻ╷ ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆ⚻ᷣ⊛ࠆߪ㕖⚻ᷣ⊛ߥ⋉ߩⴧᐔߥ㈩ಽࠍଦㅴߔࠆភ⟎߽ 㧔R㧕 ⋡ߦࠄߐޕᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߩߦᔅⷐߥ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߩℂ⸃߿ޔ࠲࠺ޔ⍮⼂ޔ ᛛⴚޔ᧚ੱޔࠣࡦ࠲࠾ࡕޔ࡞࠺ࡕޔᐲޔᴺᓞߩߚߩ▚੍ޔᲑ㓏⊛ភ⟎ ߽ޕ 㧔ෳ⠨㧕ⅣႺ⋭ࡎࡓࡍࠫ㧔2010 ᐕ 1 27 ᣣ㧕 ޟᐔᚑ 20 ᐕᐲ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ✚ว⹏ଔᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ㧔╙㧝࿁㧕 ޠ㈩Ꮣ⾗ᢱ 2 http://www.biodic.go.jp/biodiversity/jbo/20-1/ - 19 - 㧟㧙㧞㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ㐿⊒߳ߩ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߔࠆ⺰⹏ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩᐢ▸࿐ߥㆡ↪ߪࠆߥ⇣ޔߊߥ⇼ޔᜰᮡߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍᒝ⺞ߒߚߪࠇߎޕ ․ߦⷙᮨߦ߅ߡੱޔ㑆ᵴേߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ៊ᄬߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߩㅪ⚿ߦ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐ ߚߒߡ߈ߚߪߦ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ㒢⇇߇ࠅޔᛕ್ߩኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡࠆޕ (1) DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್Ԙ ╙৻ߩᛕ್ߪࠅࠃߦ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޔࠄࠇߚන⚐ߥ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߪታߩⶄ㔀ߐࠍᤋߒߡ ߥߣ߁ߎߣߢࠆޕMaxim ઁߪޟ྾㕙 DPSIRࠍޠឭ᩺ߒߡࠆࠍ࡞࠺ࡕߪࠇߎޕᜬ ⛯น⢻ᕈߩ྾㕙㧔O’Connor ߦࠃࠆ⠨߃㧕ߦ⚿߮ߟߌޔDPSIR ߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡚ࠪࡦଔ ୯ࠍ‶†ߦߔࠆߎߣߥߊޟಽᨆജ⊒ࠍޠዷߐߖࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߩ྾㕙ߪⷙޟ ⚻ޟޠᷣ⚵❱⥄ޟޠὼ⚵❱␠ޟޠળ⚵❱ ߩޠ4 ߟߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߆ࠄߥࠆޕ ߘߩᨒ⚵ߺߪ␠ળ⚻ޔᷣޔⅣႺޔᴦߩ 4 㕙ࠍᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈಽᨆߩߚߩ 44 ߩࡑ࠻࠶ ࠢࠬߦࠬ࠻ൻߒޔหᤨߦ㍲⛱ߒߡ↢ߓߡࠆ㗴ࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆⶄࠆߥࠄߐߩߎޕ㔀ൻߦࠃ ࠅߪ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޔ࿃ᨐㅪ㎮ࠍᏅൻߒⷐࠆߥ⇣ޔ࿃ߩ㑆ߩ⋧↪ࠍᤋߔࠆޕ (2) DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್ԙ ╙ੑߩᛕ್ߪߩߘޔᨒ⚵ߺ߇ࡕ࠾࠲ࡦࠣߣᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉߩ▤ℂߩߚߩ ታ↪⊛ߥᜰ㊎ࠍ߶ߣࠎߤਈ߃ߡߥߣ߁ߎߣߢࠆޕฦ࿃ᨐㅪ㎮ߩߪߓߣ⚳ࠊࠅߦ ᜰ㊎ࠍណ↪ߒߡ߽ޔ࿃ᨐㅪ㎮ߩ߆ߥࠆ⋧㑐ଥ߿ẜ⊛ߥࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢࠍ␜ߐߥޕ Niemeijer ߣ Groot ߪޔeDPSIR ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇࠆޔᒝൻߐࠇߚ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߪޔᜰᮡߩ ㆬᛯߦᔨ⊛ᜰ㊎ࠍਈ߃ࠆߚޔㅪ㎮ࠃࠅࠈߒޔലᨐߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢࠍ↪ߒߡࠆߣ ㅀߴߡࠆ⽋ޕ⡺↢↥ࡊࡠࠬࠍߣߒߡߍࠆߣ↥↢ޔ⠪ߪ▤ޟℂࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦࠇߘߣޠ ઃ㓐ߔࠆᓎ┙ߟᜰᮡߩ⏕ൻߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆ▤ޕℂࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪࡕ࠾࠲ࡦࠣߩࡔࠞ࠾ ࠭ࡓ߇ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉߩታ↪⊛ߥᜰ㊎ߩᒝൻࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆޕ - 20 - (3) DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್Ԛ ╙ਃߩᛕ್ߪޔDPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆᜰᮡߩਇဋⴧߥ㈩ಽߪⶄ㔀ߐߩ៊ᄬࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߣ ߁ߎߣߢࠆޕCBD ߦ߅ߡㆬᛯၮḰߣᜰᮡߩࡊࡠࠬߪ⑼ቇ⊛ࡊࡠࠬࠍߞߡ㐿⊒ ߐࠇޔ⇛߇ࠄࠇߚޕឭ⸒ߪ⋡ᮡߣߔࠆᡰᜬ⠪⑼ޔቇ⊛ା㗬ᕈᤨޔ㑆ߪⓨ㑆ߩᄌൻߦ ኻߔࠆᔕޔන⚐ߐߣࠊ߆ࠅ߿ߔߐޔታ⊛ߥࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡞ߣ⾗Ḯߩ㒢⇇␠ޔળ⚻ᷣ⊛⊒ ዷߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ߦኻߔࠆᅢ߹ߒߐߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ߽ߩࠍޕታ㓙ߦߪޔCBD ߢ㐿⊒ߐࠇ ߚᜰᮡߪ PSR ࠆߪ DPSIR ߩࠞ࠹ࠧߦဋ╬㈩ಽߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕวᗧߐࠇߚᜰᮡߪ ‛↢ޟᄙ᭽ᕈߩߚߩᜰᮡ✚⸘ࠍ߹ߥ߽ߩߢࠈߒޔ⒳ߦၮߠߚ⁁ᘒߢ⽶⩄ߣኻ╷ ᜰᮡࠍട߃ߚ߽ߩߢࠆ↢ޔࠄߥߗߥޕޠᘒ♽ߩਇ⍎ߥႺ⇇✢ߣߩࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߣ࡞ࠤࠬޔ ᗧ࿑⊛ߥㆬᛯࠍ㒖ኂߔࠆ↢ᘒ♽ߣ⋧ߔࠆ⋡⊛㧔⼔ޔᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ߣ⋉ߩ╬㧕 ߩߚߢࠆޕ᳓ޔᨋޔࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔㇺᏒ㐿⊒ࠍ㑐ㅪߔࠆ 12 ㇱ㐷ߢ DPSIR ߩࠞ࠹ ࠧࠍ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ⚦ߥᬌ⸛߇ EEA ߦࠃࠅⴕࠊࠇߚޔ߫߃ޕቛ㐿⊒ޔ ࠳ࡓޔㇺᏒੱญߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᜰᮡࠍㇺᏒ㐿⊒ߩ 4 ߟߩᜰᮡ߇ߦޠ⩄⽶ޟಽ㘃ߐࠇߚߚޕ ߛߒߩߘޔㇱ㐷ߢߤߩࠃ߁ߥᔕ⊛ᓎഀ߇ᨐߚߐࠇࠆ߆ߪਇ⏕ߢࠆޕ (4) DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್ԛ ╙྾ߩᛕ್ߪᤨߣ࡞ࠤࠬޔ㑆ߩᨒ⚵ߺߦ㑐ଥߒߡࠆޕ ޟ㧞-㧞㧚↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣᜰᮡߢޠ ㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ․ޔቯߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߪߦࠇߘޔวߞߚᤨ㑆ߣࠬࠤ࡞ࠍㆬࠎߢㆡ↪ߔࠆ ߴ߈ߢࠆߩߢߎߎޕᛕ್ߪߩ࡞࠺ࡕߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔᜰᮡߪߒ߫ߒ߫ήᛕ್ߦޔวࠊߥࠬ ࠤ࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒߦㆡ↪ߐࠇߡࠆߣ߁ߎߣߢࠆߪ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޔ߫߃ޕ᳇ᄌേޔ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ༚ᄬ㉄ޔᕈൻ╬ޔⷙᮨߢㆡ↪ߐࠇߡ߈ߚޕSierra ઁߪޔੱ↪ߣ࿖ ኅࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢߩ✚⸘ߪߦ․ޔ࿖ኅోࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢߦ߅ߡޔ⇇⊛↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈోߦ ߟߥ߇ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ߁ߎߣࠍߔߩߦߥ߃ޟᚻޔߒ߆ߒޕߚ↪ࠍ⪲⸒߁ߣޠ ޠߢߎߤޟේ࿃ࠍ⏕ߦߔࠆ߆㧔ᤨ㑆⊛ޔⓨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡞㧕ߦࠃߞߡⷐޟޔ࿃ࡦࠦߩ╬ޠ ࡊ࠻ߦઃ㓐ߔࠆᗧߪᄌࠊࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥޕKim ߣ Byrne ߪޟߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᚢ⇛ߪ ⇇⊛ⷙᮨߢࠨ࠴ߣ╷ߦㆊᐲߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߡࠆߣޠᜰ៰ߒߡࠆޕ - 21 - (5) ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ㐿⊒߳ߩ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߒߡ ਥߥᛕ್ߪޔDPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߪ↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߣ߁⠨߃ࠍචಽᝒ߃ߡߥߣ߁ߎߣ ߢࠆ‛↢ޕᄙ᭽ᕈߣߘߩᜰᮡߩ㑆ߩ㑐ଥߦ㗴߇ߥࠊߌߢߪߥߣ߁ߎߣࠍᔨ㗡ߦ ⟎ߊߴ߈ߢࠆ↢ޕᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߩ⛔วߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠃࠅⶄ㔀ߢߐ߃ࠆޕ Spangenberg ߇ㅀߴߡࠆߩߪ‛↢ߩ࡞ࡌࠆߥ⇣ޔᄙ᭽ᕈࠨ࠴ࠍ╷ታⴕߦ⚿߮ߟ ߌࠆߎߣߦߪߨߓࠇ߇ࠆޔࠄߥߗߥޕ╷ࠍᱜᒰൻߒߡ߽ޔㅢᏱ᳓⾰ᵺൻߩ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ ࡆࠬ╬ߩࠄࠇߘޔ╷ߪ↢ᘒ♽ࡌ࡞ߦ࿃ߒߡࠆ߆ࠄߢࠆߪࠇߎޕቯ⊛ߢࠆޕ ߣ߁ߩ߽ޔ ޟᱧผޔℂޔၞ⊛᳇ߪੑᰴ⊛ⷐ⚛ߢࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣߣ߽ߦਇนᰳߢ ࠆޕࠆߢࠄ߆ޠㇺᏒߦ߅ߡޔଚ↢‛⒳㧔ᓸ↢‛ࠍ㧕ߣઁߩ↢ᘒ♽ߦኻߔࠆ੍᷹ ਇน⢻ߥᓇ㗀ߪੱ㑆ߩஜᐽߣቛଏ⛎╬ߩઃ㓐ߔࠆᵴേߦࠄࠇࠆޕLyytimaki ઁߪޟޔ ߊߟ߆ߩⷐ࿃߆ࠄ↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆㇺᏒߩࠗࡈࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߦኻߔࠆࡑࠗ࠽ࠬߩᓇ㗀 ߇ࠆ⟤ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ㧔൬㧕ޔో㧔ᄛ㑆ߩᥧߐ㧕ޔో㧔ࠕ࡞ࠡޔਛᲥ㧕⚻ޔᷣ㧔ᅢ ߹ߒߊߥ⒳ࠍឃ㒰ߔࠆ⾌↪㧕ޔนേᕈ㧔ᧁ߇ୟࠇߚࠅⷞ⇇߇ߐ߃߉ࠄࠇࠆ㧕ߢࠆߣޠᜰ ៰ߒߡࠆࠇߘޕ․ޔቯߩ⚦ߐߣ⺞ᢛߢ↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬࠍㇺᏒߦㆡᔕߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ᔅ ⷐߢࠆޕ - 22 - 㧠㧚✚㨪↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ⛔ว㨪 (1) ৻ㅪߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩ✚ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್ߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߣㇺᏒ⸘↹ߩ⸛⺰ߢߪߘߩᡷ⸓ ߇ఝߢࠆޔߒ߆ߒޕㇺᏒߣᣇ⥄ᴦࡌ࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆߎߩࠃ߁ߥࡕ࠺࡞ߩ↪ߪ ታ⊛ߢߪߥޕታ㓙ߦߪޔឭ␜ߐࠇߚޟ྾㕙 DPSIRޟߪߚ߹ޠeDPSIRⶄࠅߥ߆ߪޠ㔀 ߢߦ․ޔㇺᏒ߿ᣇ⥄ᴦߩᯏ㑐ߩ႐วߦㆡᔕߔࠆߩߪⶄ㔀ߢࠆ৻ߪࠇߎޕㇱޔEUޔฦ ਛᄩᐭߦࠃࠆ↪ࠍᗐቯߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆߚߢࠆޕ Keirstead ߣ Leach ߪᣇࡌ࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆࠃࠅታ↪⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࠴㧔ࠪ࠶࠾ࠬࡆࠨޟ ࠕࡊࡠ࠴ޠ 㧕ࠍឭ␜ߒߡࠆߦ৻╙ޔߪࠇߎޕኂ㑐ଥ⠪ߩࠣ࡞ࡊ߇ᜰᮡࠍࠆߴ߈ߢ ࠅߩߘޔᜰᮡߪၮᧄ⊛ࠨࡆࠬ㧔㧧᳓ޔᑄ᫈‛▤ℂࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ㧕ߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ ࠆޔࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕੑ㉄ൻ⚛ឃߩ 20㧑ᷫ╬ߩౕ⊛⋡ᮡߩ⸳ቯ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆޕ Keirstead ߣ Leach ߩࠕࡊࡠ࠴ࠍ↪ߒ↢ޔᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬࠍㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߦ⛔ วߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕCBD ߢ⑼ቇ㧙╷ࠗࡦ࠲ࡈࠚࠗࠬߪߘߩലᨐ⊛ߥታᣉߩߚߩਥ ⷐ㗔ၞߩ৻ߟߣ⏕ൻߐࠇޔGBO ߩೀⴕ‛ߦᤋߐࠇߚ⑼ޕቇ㧙╷ࠗࡦ࠲ࡈࠚࠗࠬߪ ޟ╷ࡊࡠࠬߦ߅ߡ⑼ቇߣઁߩⴕὑ⠪ߣߩ㑆ߩ㑐ଥࠍ൮ߔࠆ␠ળ⊛ࡊࡠࠬߢޔ ╷ቯࠍలታߐߖࠆߣ߁⋡⊛ࠍᜬߞߡ⋧ޔ឵⋧ޔㅴൻޔ⍮⼂ߩหᑪ⸳ࠍน⢻ߦ ߔࠆ߽ߩߣޠቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆޕGBO ߩᦨᣂ ߪ 2010 ᐕߦ ߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߢࠅޔ⊛ᬌ ⸛߇ߥߐࠇߡࠆᦨޕᣂ ߢߪ․ޔቯߩ↢ᘒ♽࠲ࠗࡊߦࠃࠅὶὐࠍᒰߡߚࠕࡊࡠ࠴߇⚫ ߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߢࠆࠍ࡞ࠤࠬߪ࠴ࡠࡊࠕߩߎޕ⇇⊛ⷞ㊁߆ࠄၞ⊛߮ᣇࡌ࡞ ߦ⁜ߡࠆߩߢ৻ޔㇱⓨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒߩᛕ್ߦኻᔕߔࠆߢࠈ߁ޕ ߹ߚޔㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ╷ቯߪ⑼ቇ⠪ߣ╷ቯ⠪ߩ㑆ߢㇺᏒߦᜰᮡࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆߎ ߣࠍᅑബߒޔⓨ㑆⊛ⷙᮨߣᤨ㑆ᨒߩ㗴ߦขࠅ⚵⹜ߺࠍߔࠆ⑼ޕቇߣ╷ࠍᣇࡌ࡞ ߆ࠄ⇇ⷙᮨߢㅪ⚿ߔࠆߎߣߦ߅ߡޔKim ߣ Byrne ߇ㅀߴߡࠆߩߪޔනߥࠆ✚⸘ࠍ ߃ߡᄙ㕙⊛ⷐ⚛߇ࠅޔ㧢ߟߩⷐ⚛ࠍ㧔㧝㧕↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈޔ 㧔㧞㧕‛ℂቇ⊛࠹ࡦࡊ࠻ޔ 㧔㧟㧕↪ߣⵍⷒޔ㧔㧠㧕ੱญ⛔⸘ቇߣߣ߽ߦޔ㧔㧡㧕ଔ୯ⷰߣ୶ℂⷰޔ㧔㧢㧕╷ ߣ┙ᴺ߁ߣޔ㧞ߟߩ␠ળ⊛ⷐ⚛ࠍߍߚޕ ␠ળ⊛ⷐ⚛ߪ CBD ߩㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦਇนᰳߥㇱಽߢࠆ߇␠ޔળ⊛୶ޔℂ ⊛㕙ߩ⛔วߦኻߔࠆ⢛᥊ߣᛕ್ࠍ⠨ᘦߦࠇࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆߎߣߦ⇐ᗧߔߴ߈ߢࠆޕ - 23 - ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߪߊߟ߆ߩℂ↱ߦࠃࠅޔၮᧄ⊛ߦ୶ℂ⊛㗴ߢࠆޔ߫߃ޕ⇇ࡌ࡞ ߢߩ↢ᘒ♽ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⚻ᷣ⊛⹏ଔߢᒝ⺞ߐࠇߚࠃ߁ߦ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩ៊ᄬߪߥߗߘࠇ߇ਇ ᐔߦ৻ࠅࠃߦޘੱߒ⽺ޔጀᓇ㗀ߔࠆ߆ߣ߁୶ℂ⊛⾰ߦ㑐ㅪߒߡࠆޕKeirstead ߣ Leach ߪ Haughton ߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ㐿⊒ߩߚߩᐔ╬ߩේೣࠍ㧠ߟߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ࠍࠆᜰᮡࡕ ࠺࡞ߣ⛔วߒߚ㧔ઍ㑆ޔઍౝޔℂ⊛ߡߒߘޔ⊛ࠬࡠࡊޔ⒳ౝߩᐔ╬㧕‛↢ޕᄙ᭽ᕈ ߪ⒳㑆ߩᐔ╬ߦ߅ߡਛᔃ⊛ⷐ⚛ߢࠅ↢ޔᕷߩᮭ╬ߩઁޔ⒳ߩౝ⊛ߥᮭࠍ⼂ ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ ㇺᏒㇱߢߪޔၞ᳃߿࿖᳃ߩ␠ળ⊛ଔ୯ⷰߩ൮ߪ࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊޔ㐿⊒ߦ߅ߡ߹ߔ ߹ߔᔅⷐߥࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߣߺߥߐࠇߡ߈ߡࠆޕ㑐ㅪߔࠆࠬࠤ࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒࠍ⏕ߦߒޔᣇ ߣ⇇ࠍㅪ⚿ߒޔઃ㓐ߔࠆᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡߣᄌൻߩⷐ࿃ࠍㅪ៤ߐߖࠆߚߦޔ╷ቯ⠪ޔ ⑼ቇ⠪ޔᣇߩ࡙ࠩࠍోߡߩኂ㑐ଥ⠪ߩ㑆ߩදߩߪ߹ߛࠆߣ߁ߎߣ ߦ⇐ᗧߔߴ߈ߢࠆޕ࿖᳃ෳടߣߒߡߪޔ⒖᳃㧔ߒ߫ߒ߫ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩਥⷐ࡙ࠩ ߢࠆ㧕ߦ㑐ߔࠆᦨㄭߩ⎇ⓥߣ⥄ὼߦ㑐ߔࠆᓐࠄߩ⼂ߪࠆߥ⇣ޔଔ୯ⷰߣ⼂߇৻⥸ ⊛ߥ࿖᳃ߩᗧߦޔᓐࠄߩㇺᏒߩ⥄ὼߩ↪ࠍ⛔วߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥߣ␜ໂߒ ߡࠆߒ߽ޕㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ߇↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߩⷰὐߢ⸛⼏ߐࠇࠆߥࠄ⑼ޔቇ⠪߇↢ᘒ ♽ࠨࡆࠬࠍޟḩ⿷ᐲޟޔޠଔ୯ⷰࠍޠㅢߒߡ⸘᷹ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆߚޔὶὐߪ߹ߔ߹ߔ࡙ ࠩߦᒰߡࠄࠇࠆߢࠈ߁ޕ ⚿⺰ߣߒߡޔኂ㑐ଥ⠪ߣᤨ㑆⊛ޔⓨ㑆⊛⛔วߩ㑆ߩදࠍㆬᛯߐࠇߚࠕࡊࡠ࠴ ߇৻ቯߩ᭴ㅧ⊛ᛕ್ࠍᡷༀߔࠆᣇᴺߣߒߡ↢ޔᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬࠍㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߦ⛔ว ߔࠆߚߩᣇᴺ߇ㅀߴࠄࠇߚޔߒ߆ߒޕᜰᮡߩ⋥ធ⊛㑆ធ⊛ߥ↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߦኻߔࠆ ଐሽࠍᛠីߔࠆߎߣߪ㔍ߣߒߡᱷߞߡࠆ↢ޔߦࠄߐޕᘒቇ⊛േะߩ⑼ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐࠍ ㇺᏒߦ߅ߡኻᔕߔࠆ╷ߦㅪ៤ߐߖࠆߩߪ CBD ߩ⋡ᮡታߦ߅ߡਇนᰳߢࠆޕ - 24 - (2) ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ⛔วߦߟߡߩ⠨ኤ DPSIR ߦ⌕⋡ߒߚᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߪޔ╷╬ࠍⴕ߁⚵❱߇߇ࠄ⥄ޔᛒ߿ߔ࠺࠲ࠍߞߡ ⚵ߺ┙ߡࠄࠇߡߒ߹߁ߎߣ߇ᄙߊࠍ࠲࠺ޔᓧ߿ߔߣ߁ඨ㕙⥄ޔᴦߦߣߞߡߪ ߠࠄ߽ߩߣߥߞߡࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߪޔ᷷ᥦൻ߿ᑄ᫈‛ߣߞߚઁಽ㊁ߩ╷⋡ᮡ╬ߣ⛊ߡᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈ߢࠅޔ ᣂߒᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪߎߩὐߦߟߡᣢߦ⸒ߐࠇᆎߡࠆޕ ߎࠇ߆ࠄߩㇺᏒᜰᮡߪޔᏒ᳃߇ฃߌขߞߡࠆࠨࡆࠬ㧔↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ㅪߠߌࠆ㧕ߦ ⌕⋡ߒߡ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ - 25 - 㧡㧚ޟㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߩޠᅷᒰᕈߩᬌ⸽ 㧡㧙㧝㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߩⷐ (1) ╷ቯߩ⢛᥊ 2008 ᐕ 5 ޔCOP9 㑑⚖ળวߦ߅ߡߩ࡞ࡐࠟࡦࠪޔ㐿⊒ᄢ⤿ߦࠃࠅㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ╷ቯ߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߚޕ ߎࠇࠍฃߌߡޔ2009 ᐕ 2 ޔㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ࠍਥߥ⋡⊛ߣߒ ߡ ╙ޔ1 ࿁ኾ㐷ኅࡢ࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ߇ࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ߢ㐿ߐࠇߚޔߪߢࡊ࠶࡚ࠪࠢࡢߩߎޕ COP10 ߮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖㓙⥄ᴦળ⼏ߩ㐿ㇺᏒߢࠆฬฎደᏒࠍߪߓࡕޔࡃ࠴ࠢޔ ࡦ࠻ࠝ࡞߇࡞ࡐࠟࡦࠪޔㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ㧔CBI㧕ߩ⹜ⴕᲑ㓏ߩࡕ࠺࡞ㇺᏒߣߥ ࠆࠃ߁࡞ࡐࠟࡦࠪޔ߮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂ോዪ߆ࠄⷐ⺧ࠍฃߌߡࠆޕ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߦ㑐ࠊࠆኾ㐷ኅޔㅀߩ⥄ᴦޔㇺᏒ࿖ኅᐭ╬ߩද⼏ࠍ⚻ߡޔ2010 ᐕ 1 ޔ25 ߩᜰᮡ߆ࠄߥࠆޟㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡޕߚࠇࠄߣ߹߇ޠ - 26 - (2) ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡ ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߪޔ ޟㇺᏒߩ᧪ߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈޠ ↢ޟᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬޠ ↢ޟ ‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⛔ᴦߣ▤ℂ ߩޠ3 ߟߩⷞὐ߆ࠄቯࠄࠇߡࠆޕ ⚦ߪᰴ㗁ߦ␜ߔㅢࠅߢࠆ߇ޔ ޟㇺᏒߩ᧪ߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦޠ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ 11 ᜰᮡޔ ↢ޟ ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߦޠ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ 5 ᜰᮡޔ ‛↢ޟᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⛔ᴦߣ▤ℂߦޠ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ 9 ᜰᮡ ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆޕ - 27 - 5-1 ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߩో㧔2010 ᐕ 1 㧕 㪚㪦㪤㪧㪦㪥㪜㪥㪫㪪ᴾ ᙲእᴾ ᾀώᣃࠊỉנஹỉဃཋٶಮࣱᴾ 㪠㪥㪛㪠㪚㪘㪫㪦㪩㪪㩷 ਦ䋯㪭㪘㪩㪠㪘㪙㪣㪜㪪㩷 ٭ૠ ᵆᵏᵇᴾ ᐯὉҞᐯ؏עỉлӳᴾ ήof natural/semi-natural areas 㪥㪸㫋㫀㫍㪼㩷㪙㫀㫆㪻㫀㫍㪼㫉㫊㫀㫋㫐㩷㫀㫅㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪚㫀㫋㫐㩷 ᵆᵐᵇ ᐯῒҞᐯ؏עỉဃ७ኒỉٶಮࣱᴾ Diversity of ecosystems ᵆᵑᵇᴾ ᐯὉҞᐯ؏עỉרἣἕἓἇỶἌᴾ ᴾ Fragmentation Measures ᵆᵏᵎᵇᴾ ̬ᜱ؏עỉлӳᴾ ήof protected areasᴾ ᵆᵒᵇᴾ ࠊᘑעỆấẬỦᯓỉᆔૠᴾ Native biodiversity in built-up area ᵆᵓᵋᵗᵇ Number of native species Ὁᴾ ౡཋỉᆔૠᴾ Plants㩷 ᴾ Ὁᴾ ᯓỉᆔૠᴾ Birds㩷 㩷 㩷 Ὁᴾ ᗝỉᆔૠᴾ Butterflies㩷 ᴾ Ὁᴾ Ẹỉ˂ ᵐ Ўỉᆔૠᴾ 㪘㫅㫐㩷㪉㩷㫆㫋㪿㪼㫉㩷㫋㪸㫏㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㪾㫉㫆㫌㫇㫊㩷 ᴾ ᵆᵏᵏᵇ ̛ဦႎٳஹᆔᾉנஹᆔᴾ Proportion of native species ᴾ ᵐώဃ७ኒἇὊἥἋᴾ ᴾ ᵆᵏᵐᵇᴾ ࠊỉ൦̓ዅʖምỆݣẴỦ൦ᝲဇỉлӳᴾ Freshwater Services 㪜㪺㫆㫊㫐㫊㫋㪼㫄㩷㪪㪼㫉㫍㫀㪺㪼㫊㩷 ᵆᵏᵑᵇ ໗እᝪသ Carbon storageᴾ ᵆᵏᵒᵋᵏᵔᵇ Recreation and educational services Ὁᴾ πטὉ̬ᜱғồỉ ᵏ ʴ࢘ụᚧբׅૠᴾ Ὁᴾ πטὉ̬ᜱғỉ ᵏ ʴ࢘ụ᩿ᆢᴾ Ὁᴾ ᏋႸႎỂ ᵏᵔ ബசỉ܇ỄờầπטὉ̬ᜱғửᚧբẲẺׅૠᴾ ᾂ ώ ဃ ཋ ٶಮ ࣱ ỉ ወ ể ሥ ྸ ᵆᵏᵕᵇ ဃཋٶಮࣱἩἿἊỹἁἚỉʖምлӳᴾ 㪞㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㪸㫅㪺㪼㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪤㪸㫅㪸㪾㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷 Budget allocated to biodiversity projects 㩷 㫆㪽㩷㪙㫀㫆㪻㫀㫍㪼㫉㫊㫀㫋㫐‒ ᵆᵏᵖᵇᴾ ဃཋٶಮࣱἩἿἊỹἁἚẆἩἿἂἻἲỉ࠰᧓ˑૠ ᴾ Number of biodiversity projects and programmes organised by the city annually ᵆᵏᵗᵇ ᙹЩὉᙹСὉሊᴾ Ḙᴾ ဃཋٶಮࣱ؏עဦίᵪᵠᵱᵟᵮὸᴾ Rules, Regulations & Policy ᵆᵐᵎᵋᵐᵏᵇ ኵጢᏡщᴾ Institutional Capacityᴾ ᴾ Ὁᴾ ᧉݦೞ᧙ỉૠᴾ 㪥㫆㪅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫀㫅㫊㫋㫀㫋㫌㫋㫀㫆㫅㫊㩷 㩷 Ὁᴾ ᢿ᧓ޅңщỉૠ 㪥㫆㪅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫀㫅㫋㪼㫉㪄㪸㪾㪼㫅㪺㫐㩷㪺㫆㫆㫇㪼㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫀㫅㫀㫋㫀㪸㫋㫀㫍㪼㫊㩷 ᵆᵐᵐᵋᵐᵑᵇ ӋьểἣὊἚἜὊἉἕἩᴾ Participation & Partnershipᴾ ᴾ Ὁᴾ ңᜭἩἿἍἋỉנ܍ᴾ Existence of a consultation process㩷 Ὁᴾ ἣὊἚἜὊἉἕἩỉנ܍ᴾ Existence of㩷 partnerships㩷 ᵆᵐᵒᵋᵐᵓᵇ Ꮛểգႆᴾ Education & Awareness-raisingᴾ ᴾ Ὁᴾ ܖఄỽἼỿἷἻἲồỉဃཋٶಮࣱỉኵỚᡂỚᴾ Incorporation of biodiversity into the school curriculum Ὁᴾ ỴỸἚἼὊἓἩἿἂἻἲởգႆỶἫὅἚỉׅૠᴾ No. of outreach programmes/public awareness events ⾗ᢱ㧦↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળോዪឭଏ - 28 - 5-2 ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߩ⚦㧔2010 ᐕ 1 㧕 ᵧᵬᵢᵧᵡᵟᵲᵭᵰᵱ㩷 ᜰᮡ䋯ᵴᵟᵰᵧᵟᵠᵪᵣᵱ㩷 ᄌᢙ㩷 ᵱᵡᵭᵰᵣ㩷 䉴䉮䉝㩷 Components≔≑⁀⁓⁛⁗‒‴⁛⁖⁛⁗⁛‒⁛‒⁚⁗‒‵⁛‒ ‒ ᣃࠊỆấẬỦנஹỉဃཋٶಮࣱ ᵆᵏᵇᴾ ήᴾ ᶍᶄᴾᶌᵿᶒᶓᶐᵿᶊᵍᶑᶃᶋᶇᵋᶌᵿᶒᶓᶐᵿᶊᴾᵿᶐᶃᵿᶑᴾ ᵆᾀᵇᴾ ήᴾ ᶍᶄᴾᶌᵿᶒᶓᶐᵿᶊᵍᶑᶃᶋᶇᵋᶌᵿᶒᶓᶐᵿᶊᴾᵿᶐᶃᵿᶑᴾ ⥄ὼඨ⥄ὼၞߩഀว ᐯὉҞᐯ؏עỉлӳᴾ forests, mangroves, freshwater swamps, natural grasslands, streams, lakes, etc. parks, golf courses, roadsides ٤ natural ecosystems with dominant native species within parks 0: 0% 1: 1% - 6% 2: 7% - 13% 3: 14% - 20% 4: 21% and more ᵆᵐᵇᴾᵢᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾᶍᶄᴾᶃᶁᶍᶑᶗᶑᶒᶃᶋᶑᴾ ᵆᵐᵇᴾᵢᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾᶍᶄᴾᶃᶁᶍᶑᶗᶑᶒᶃᶋᶑ ⥄ὼඨ⥄ὼၞߩ↢ᘒ♽ߩᄙ᭽ᕈ ᐯὉҞᐯ؏עỉဃ७ኒỉٶಮࣱᴾ forests (tropical, subtropical, monsoon, temperate, 0: 0 natural ecosystems lowland, montane, primary, secondary, etc.), 1: 1-3 ecosystems mangroves, freshwater swamps, peat swamps, 2: 4-6 ecosystems natural grasslands, rivers, streams, lakes, 3: 7-9 ecosystems rocky shores, beach, mud-flats, sand dunes, 4: 10 and more ecosystems sea grass beds, corals, etc. ᵆᵑᵇᴾᵤᶐᵿᶅᶋᶃᶌᶒᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᵫᶃᵿᶑᶓᶐᶃᶑᴾ ᵆᵑᵇᴾᵤᶐᵿᶅᶋᶃᶌᶒᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᵫᶃᵿᶑᶓᶐᶃᶑᴾ 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 ⥄ὼඨ⥄ὼၞߩᢿ ൻ䈱ᜰᮡ㩷 ᐯὉҞᐯ؏עỉרἣἕἓἇỶἌᴾ ᐔဋࡄ࠶࠴ࠨࠗ࠭mean patch size 㧩⥄ὼ㨯ඨ⥄ὼ↢ᘒ♽ߩ✚㕙Ⓧ¸ࡄ࠶࠴ߩᢙ the total area of all natural and semi-natural ecosystems ¸ the number of patches 0: < 1 জ 2 1: 1 to 2.4 জ 2: 2.5 to 4.9 জ 3: 5 to 15 জ 4: > 15 জ ᵆᵒᵇᴾᵬᵿᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾᶀᶇᶍᶂᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾᶇᶌᴾᶀᶓᶇᶊᶒᵋᶓᶎᴾᵿᶐᶃᵿᴾ 2 2 2 2 ᵆᵒᵇᴾᵬᵿᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾᶀᶇᶍᶂᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾᶇᶌᴾᶀᶓᶇᶊᶒᵋᶓᶎᴾᵿᶐᶃᵿᴾ Ꮢⴝߦ߅ߌࠆ᧪↢‛ߩᄙ᭽ᕈ㧔㠽㘃ߩ⒳ᢙ㧕 ࠊᘑעỆấẬỦᯓỉᆔૠᴾ No. of bird species in built-up areas 0: 0 bird species buildings, roads, drainage channels, 1: 1-3 bird species roof gardens, roadside planting, golf courses, 2: 4-5 bird species lawns, urban parks, etc. 3: 6-7 bird species 4: 8 bird species - 29 - ᵧᵬᵢᵧᵡᵟᵲᵭᵰᵱ㩷 ᜰᮡ䋯ᵴᵟᵰᵧᵟᵠᵪᵣᵱ㩷 ᄌᢙ㩷 ᵱᵡᵭᵰᵣ㩷 䉴䉮䉝㩷 ᵆᵓᵋᵗᵇᴾᵬᶓᶋᶀᶃᶐᴾᶍᶄᴾᶌᵿᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾᶑᶎᶃᶁᶇᶃᶑᴾ ᵆᵓᵋᵗᵇᴾᵬᶓᶋᶀᶃᶐᴾᶍᶄᴾᶌᵿᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾᶑᶎᶃᶁᶇᶃᶑᴾ ᧪↢‛ߩ⒳ᢙ ౡཋỉᆔૠᴾ 3 core groups i.e. plants, birds and butterflies 0: 0 plant species 1: 1-99 plant species Any 2 other taxonomic groups can be selected 2: 100-499 plant species by the city. 3: 500-999 plant species 4: 1000 and more plant species ᯓỉᆔૠᴾ 0: 0 bird species 1: 1-50 bird species 2: 51-100 bird species 3: 101-150 bird species 4: 151 and more bird species ᗝỉᆔૠᴾ 0: 0 butterfly species 1: 1-50 butterfly species 2: 51-100 butterfly species 3: 101-150 butterfly species 4: 151 and more butterfly species Ẹỉ˂ίᾐὸỉᆔૠᴾ Ẹỉ˂ίᾑὸỉᆔૠ ᵆᵏᵎᵇᴾ ήᴾ ᶍᶄᴾᶎᶐᶍᶒᶃᶁᶒᶃᶂᴾᵿᶐᶃᵿᶑᴾ ᵆᵏᵎᵇᴾ ήᴾ ᶍᶄᴾᶎᶐᶍᶒᶃᶁᶒᶃᶂᴾᵿᶐᶃᵿᶑᴾ ̬ᜱ؏עỉлӳ ⼔ၞߩഀว 0: 0% 1: 1-2% 2: 3% 3: 4% 4: 5% and more ᵆᵏᵏᵇᴾᵮᶐᶍᶎᶍᶐᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᶍᶄᴾᶌᵿᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾᶑᶎᶃᶁᶇᶃᶑᴾ ᵆᵏᵏᵇᴾᵮᶐᶍᶎᶍᶐᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᶍᶄᴾᶌᵿᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾᶑᶎᶃᶁᶇᶃᶑᴾ ᵆᵿᶑᴾᶍᶎᶎᶍᶑᶃᶂᴾᶒᶍᴾᶇᶌᶔᵿᶑᶇᶔᶃᴾᵿᶊᶇᶃᶌᴾᶑᶎᶃᶁᶇᶃᶑᵇ ̛ဦႎٳஹᆔᾉנஹᆔᴾ 0: 31% and more ଚ⇛⊛ᄖ᧪⒳㧦᧪⒳ ోଚ⇛⊛ᄖ᧪⒳ᢙ¸᧪⒳ᢙ100 1: 21-30% It would have to be a comparison of 2: 11-20% specific taxonomic groups. 3: 1-10% 4: 0% - 30 - ᵧᵬᵢᵧᵡᵟᵲᵭᵰᵱ㩷 ᜰᮡ䋯ᵴᵟᵰᵧᵟᵠᵪᵣᵱ㩷 ᄌᢙ㩷 ᵱᵡᵭᵰᵣ㩷 䉴䉮䉝㩷 Components ․≑‷⁕⁗ ‒⁅⁗⁛⁕⁗‒ ဃ७ኒ⇛∞⇹⇟ ᵆᵏᵐᵇᴾᵤᶐᶃᶑᶆᶕᵿᶒᶃᶐᴾᵱᶃᶐᶔᶇᶁᶃᶑᴾ ᵆᵏᵐᵇᴾᵤᶐᶃᶑᶆᶕᵿᶒᶃᶐᴾᵱᶃᶐᶔᶇᶁᶃᶑᴾ ᷆᳓ࠨࡆࠬ ࠊỉ൦̓ዅʖምỆݣẴỦ൦ᝲဇỉлӳᴾ Cost of cleaning the water in the city 0: More than 10% 1: 8%-10% 2: 5%-7% 3: 2%-4% 4: 1% or less ᵆᵏᵑᵇᴾᵡᵿᶐᶀᶍᶀᶌᴾᶑᶒᶍᶐᵿᶅᶃᴾ ᵆᵏᵑᵇᴾᵡᵿᶐᶀᶍᶀᶌᴾᶑᶒᶍᶐᵿᶅᶃᴾ ໗እᝪသ ⚛⾂⇐ 0: 99,000 and less trees 1: 100,000 - 249,000 trees 2: 250,000 - 499,000 trees 3: 500,000 – 999,000 trees 4: 1 million trees ᵆᵏᵒᵋᵏᵔᵇᴾᵰᶃᶁᶐᶃᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᵿᶌᶂᴾᶃᶂᶓᶁᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᴾᶑᶃᶐᶔᶇᶁᶃᶑᴾ ᵆᵏᵒᵋᵏᵔᵇᴾᵰᶃᶁᶐᶃᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᵿᶌᶂᴾᶃᶂᶓᶁᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᴾᶑᶃᶐᶔᶇᶁᶃᶑᴾ ࡚ࠢࠛࠪࡦᢎ⢒ࠨࡆࠬ πטὉ̬ᜱғồỉ ᵏ ʴ࢘ụᚧբׅૠᴾ 0: 0 visit / person / year 1: 1-10 visits / person / year 2: 11-50 visits / person / year 3: 51-100 visits / person / year 4: more than 100 visits / person / year πטὉ̬ᜱғỉ ᵏ ʴ࢘ụ᩿ᆢᴾ 0: 0 ha/person 1: 0.1-0.3 ha/person 2: 0.4-0.6 ha/person 3: 0.7-0.9 ha/person 4: 1 or more ha/person ᏋႸႎỂ ᵏᵔ ബசỉ܇Ễờầᴾ πטὉ̬ᜱғửᚧբẲẺׅૠ 0: 0 educational visits/year 1: 1 educational visit/year 2: 2 educational visits/year 3: 3 educational visits/year 4: 4 educational visits/year - 31 - ᵧᵬᵢᵧᵡᵟᵲᵭᵰᵱ㩷 ᜰᮡ䋯ᵴᵟᵰᵧᵟᵠᵪᵣᵱ㩷 ᄌᢙ㩷 ᵱᵡᵭᵰᵣ㩷 䉴䉮䉝㩷 Components ≖≑‹⁗⁓⁕⁗‒⁓⁖‒‿⁓⁓⁙⁗ ⁗‒⁘‒‴⁛⁖⁛⁗⁛‒ ‒ ဃཋٶಮࣱ↝ወ↗ሥྸ㩷 ᵆᵏᵕᵇᴾᵠᶓᶂᶅᶃᶒᴾᵿᶊᶊᶍᶁᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶒᶍᴾᶀᶇᶍᶂᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾᶎᶐᶍᶈᶃᶁᶒᶑᴾ ᵆᵏᵕᵇᴾᵠᶓᶂᶅᶃᶒᴾᵿᶊᶊᶍᶁᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶒᶍᴾᶀᶇᶍᶂᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾᶎᶐᶍᶈᶃᶁᶒᶑ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ੍▚ഀว ဃཋٶಮࣱἩἿἊỹἁἚỉʖምлӳᴾ 0: 0% of the city’s total budget 1: 1% of the city’s total budget 2: 2% of the city’s total budget 3: 3% of the city’s total budget 4: more than 3% ᵆᵏᵖᵇᴾᵬᶓᶋᶀᶃᶐᴾᶍᶄᴾᶀᶇᶍᶂᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾᶎᶐᶍᶈᶃᶁᶒᶑᴾᵿᶌᶂᴾᶎᶐᶍᶅᶐᵿᶋᶋᶃᶑ ᵆᵏᵖᵇࠊỆợỦẆဃཋٶಮࣱἩἿἊỹἁἚẆᴾ ᶍᶐᶅᵿᶌᶇᶑᶃᶂᴾᶀᶗᴾᶒᶆᶃᴾᶁᶇᶒᶗᴾᵿᶌᶌᶓᵿᶊᶊᶗ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩࡓࠣࡠࡊޔᐕ㑆ઙᢙ ἩἿἂἻἲỉ࠰᧓ˑૠ 0: 0 projects/programmes per year 1: 1-10 projects/programmes per year 2: 11-20 projects/programmes per year 3: 21-30 projects/programmes per year 4: more than 30 ᵆᵏᵗᵇᴾᵰᶓᶊᶃᶑᵊᴾᵰᶃᶅᶓᶊᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᶑᴾᵄᴾᵮᶍᶊᶇᶁᶗᴾ ᵆᵏᵗᵇᴾᵰᶓᶊᶃᶑᵊᴾᵰᶃᶅᶓᶊᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᶑᴾᵄᴾᵮᶍᶊᶇᶁᶗᴾ ⷙೣⷙޔޔ╷ ဃཋٶಮࣱ؏עဦίᵪᵠᵱᵟᵮὸᴾ Some of the CBD initiatives include 0: No LBSAP plant conservation, forest biodiversity, 1: LBSAP not aligned with NBSAP global taxonomy initiative, 2: LBSAP aligned with NBSAP but invasive species programme, marine biodiversity conservation, protected areas, etc. does not include any CBD initiatives 3: LBSAP aligned with NBSAP which include at least 2 CBD initiatives 4: LBSAP aligned with NBSAP which include more than 2 CBD initiatives - 32 - ᵧᵬᵢᵧᵡᵟᵲᵭᵰᵱ㩷 ᜰᮡ䋯ᵴᵟᵰᵧᵟᵠᵪᵣᵱ㩷 ᄌᢙ㩷 ᵱᵡᵭᵰᵣ㩷 䉴䉮䉝㩷 ᵆᵐᵎᵋᵐᵏᵇᴾᵧᶌᶑᶒᶇᶒᶓᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᴾᵡᵿᶎᵿᶁᶇᶒᶗᴾ ᴾ ⚵❱⢻ജ ᵆᵐᵎᵇᴾᵬᶍᵌᴾᶍᶄᴾᶇᶌᶑᶒᶇᶒᶓᶒᶇᶍᶌᶑᴾ ᴾ ᧉݦೞ᧙ỉૠᴾ ᯏ㑐ᯏ⢻ߦߪޔਅ⸥ࠍޕ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࡦ࠲ޔ ᬀ‛ޔᬀ‛ᮡᧄ㙚ޔ 0: No institutions covering the essential biodiversity-related functions 1: 1 institution or function േ‛ቇඳ‛㙚ޔ⯻㙚ޔേ‛ߥߤޕ 2: 2 institutions or functions 㧔ᬀ‛ߦᬀ‛ᮡᧄ㙚߇ࠇ߫ੑߟߣߒߡ⹏ଔ㧕 3: 3 institutions or functions 4: 4 institutions or functions ᵆᵐᵏᵇᴾ ᵬᶍᵌᴾ ᶍᶄᴾ ᶇᶌᶒᶃᶐᵋᵿᶅᶃᶌᶁᶗᴾ ᶁᶍᶍᶎᶃᶐᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ ㇱዪߦߪޔਅ⸥ࠍޕ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈޔ↹⸘ޔ᳓ޔㅢޔ㐿⊒ㇱ㐷ߥߤޕ 0WODGTQHCIGPEKGU KPXQNXGFKPKPVGTCIGPE[EQQTFKPCVKQP ᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᵿᶒᶇᶔᶃᶑᴾ ᢿ᧓ޅңщỉૠᴾ 0: No inter-agency coordination 1: At least 2 agencies coordinate on biodiversity matters 2: At least 3 agencies coordinate 3: At least 4 agencies coordinate 4: At least 5 agencies coordinate - 33 - ᵧᵬᵢᵧᵡᵟᵲᵭᵰᵱ㩷 ᜰᮡ䋯ᵴᵟᵰᵧᵟᵠᵪᵣᵱ㩷 ᄌᢙ㩷 ᵱᵡᵭᵰᵣ㩷 䉴䉮䉝㩷 ᵆᵐᵐᵋᵐᵑᵇᴾᵮᵿᶐᶒᶇᶁᶇᶎᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᵄᴾᵮᵿᶐᶒᶌᶃᶐᶑᶆᶇᶎᴾ ᵆᵐᵐᵇᴾᵣᶖᶇᶑᶒᶃᶌᶁᶃᴾᶍᶄᴾᵿᴾᶁᶍᶌᶑᶓᶊᶒᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᶎᶐᶍᶁᶃᶑᶑ ෳടߣࡄ࠻࠽ࠪ࠶ࡊ ңᜭἩἿἍἋỉנ܍ᴾ ᴾ 0: No formal process 1: Formal or informal process being considered 2: Formal or informal process being planed 3: Formal or informal process in the process of being implemented 4: Formal or informal process exists ᵆᵐᵑᵇᴾᵣᶖᶇᶑᶒᶃᶌᶁᶃᴾᶍᶄᴾ ᶎᵿᶐᶒᶌᶃᶐᶑᶆᶇᶎᶑᴾ ἣὊἚἜὊἉἕἩỉנ܍ᴾ ࡄ࠻࠽ࠪ࠶ࡊࠍ⚵ࠎߢࠆ࿅ߩᢙ 0: No formal/informal partnerships 1: City in partnership with at least 1 other agency/private company/NGO 2: City in partnership with at least 2 other agencies/private companies/NGOs 3: City in partnership with at least 3 other agencies/private companies/NGOs 4: City in partnership with at least 4 other agencies/private companies/NGOs ᵆᵐᵒᵋᵐᵓᵇᴾᵣᶂᶓᶁᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᵄᴾᵟᶕᵿᶐᶃᶌᶃᶑᶑᵋᶐᵿᶇᶑᶇᶌᶅᴾ ᵆᵐᵒᵇᴾᵧᶌᶁᶍᶐᶎᶍᶐᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᶍᶄᴾᶀᶇᶍᶂᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾ ᴾ ᶇᶌᶒᶍᴾᶒᶆᶃᴾᶑᶁᶆᶍᶍᶊᴾᶁᶓᶐᶐᶇᶁᶓᶊᶓᶋ ᢎ⢒ߣ⊒ ܖఄỽἼỿἷἻἲồỉဃཋٶಮࣱỉኵỚᡂỚᴾ 0: Biodiversity or elements of it are not covered in the school curriculum 1: Biodiversity or elements of it are being considered for inclusion 2: Biodiversity or elements of it are being planed for inclusion 3: Biodiversity or elements of it are in the process of being implemented 4: Biodiversity or elements of it are included in the school curriculum - 34 - ᵧᵬᵢᵧᵡᵟᵲᵭᵰᵱ㩷 ᜰᮡ䋯ᵴᵟᵰᵧᵟᵠᵪᵣᵱ㩷 ᄌᢙ㩷 ᵱᵡᵭᵰᵣ㩷 䉴䉮䉝㩷 ᵆᵐᵓᵇᴾᵬᶍᵌᴾᶍᶄᴾᶍᶓᶒᶐᶃᵿᶁᶆᴾᶎᶐᶍᶅᶐᵿᶋᶋᶃᶑᵍᴾ ᶎᶓᶀᶊᶇᶁᴾᵿᶕᵿᶐᶃᶌᶃᶑᶑᴾᶃᶔᶃᶌᶒᶑ ỴỸἚἼὊἓἩἿἂἻἲởգႆỶἫὅἚỉׅૠᴾ Ꮢޔቇᩞޔ0)1 ╬ߦࠃߞߡ㐿ߐࠇࠆ ኻ㓸ળޔ࠽ࡒޔࠢࠜ࠙࠼ࠗࠟޔ ዷ␜ળޔ࡚ࠪ࠼ࡠޔ 0: 0 outreach programmes/events per year 1: 1-20 outreach programmes/events per year 2: 21-50 outreach programmes/events per year ࿖㓙↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩᣣޔ ⇇ⅣႺ࠺ޕߤߥ࠺ࠬࠕޔ 3: 51-100 outreach programmes/events per year 4: more than 100 outreach programmes/events per year ⾗ᢱ㧦↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળോዪឭଏ - 35 - 㧡㧙㧞㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߩᅷᒰᕈߩᬌ⸽ ᣢሽߩቇⴚ⺰ᢥߣฬฎደᏒߩ㑐ଥ⠪2߳ߩࡅࠕࡦࠣ⾗ᢱࠍ߽ߣߦޔㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰ ᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߩ⺖㗴ࠍએਅߦᢛℂߔࠆޕ ٨ㇺᏒߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩ㆑ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚᜰᮡ㐿⊒߇ᔅⷐ ㇺᏒߦߪ㧟ߟߩ࠲ࠗࡊ߇ࠆ㧔ᰴ㗁࿑ෳᾖ㧕ޟޔߪ⋡ߟ৻ޕᏒၞߩᄢඨ߇Ꮢⴝߢࠆㇺ ᏒޔࠅߢޠฬฎደᏒߪߎߎߦዻߔࠆޕੑߟ⋡ߪޟޔᏒၞߩਛߦޔᏒⴝߩߺߥࠄߕᐢᄢ ߥ⥄ὼၞ߿↰Ꮺࠍᛴ߃ࠆㇺᏒޠ ޔਃߟ⋡ߪޔ ޟਔ⠪ߩਛ㑆ߩㇺᏒޕࠆߢޠ ߎࠇࠄߩ㆑ߪਥߦᏒၞߩ㕙Ⓧߦᄢ߈ߊᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ߫߃ޕ㕙Ⓧ߇ 100km2 ߦḩߚߥㇺᏒߩᄙߊߪᏒၞߩᄢඨ߇ᏒⴝߢࠆߩߦኻߒޔᏒၞ߇ 1,000km2 ࠍ߃ࠆ ㇺᏒߩᄙߊߪᏒⴝࠃࠅ߽ᐢᄢߥ⥄ὼၞ߿↰ᏪࠍᏒၞߦᛴ߃ߡࠆޕ ߩㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߪߎ߁ߒߚㇺᏒߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩ㆑ࠍ⠨ᘦߔ ࠆߎߣߥߊޔᜰᮡߏߣߩࠬࠦࠕࠍ৻ᓞߦ▚ߒޔᲧセߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡࠆὐ߇㗴ߢࠆޕ ٨ฦ࿖ฦㇺᏒߩࡕ࠴ࡌ࡚ࠪࡦࠍߍࠆᎿᄦ߇ᔅⷐ ᜰᮡߪޔฦ࿖ฦㇺᏒߩࡕ࠴ࡌ࡚ࠪࡦࠍߍࠆࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩޔߪߚ߹ޔബ߹ߒߦߥࠆࠃ߁ ߥ߽ߩߢࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕߒߡޔฦㇺᏒߩ߿ࠆ᳇ࠍߘߋࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢߞߡߪߥࠄߥ ޕ ೨ㅀߩ⺖㗴ߢ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔᏒၞߩᄢඨ߇ᏒⴝߢࠆㇺᏒߣޔᐢᄢߥ⥄ὼၞ߿↰ Ꮺ߇ᄢඨࠍභࠆㇺᏒߣࠍหߓୈߢ⹏ଔߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔหߓ࠲ࠗࡊߦಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆㇺ Ꮢห჻ߢ⹏ଔน⢻ߥᜰᮡ㗄⋡ࠍᬌ⸛ߒޔᚑߒߡߊᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ ߘߩᗧߢߪ⥄ޔὼၞߩᄙኦߪฦㇺᏒߦߣߞߡߩਈઙࠆߪೋᦼ᧦ઙߣߒߡᛒߘޔ ߩᓟߩჇᷫࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆᣇ߇⦟߆߽ߒࠇߥޕ ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡ㧔ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ㧝ᤨὐߩᦨᣂ 㧕ߦኻߔࠆᅷᒰᕈ ࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળോዪ✚ ෳਈട⮮ᱜ༹᳁߳ߩࡅࠕࡦࠣࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ࠣࡦࠕࡅޕᨐਗ߮ߦട⮮᳁ࠃࠅឭଏߐࠇ ߚ⾗ᢱࠍ↪ߒߡࠆ㧚 2 - 36 - ٨ޟੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼ߇ᜬߟ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍᡰ߃ࠆẜജ⹏ࠍޠଔኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐ ㇺᏒ߇ᛴ߃ࠆ⺖㗴ߪޔᄢ߈ߊޔㇺᏒౝߩ⥄ὼၞ߿↰Ꮺߦ߅ߌࠆޔߣޠోޟᏒⴝ ߦ߅ߌࠆޟᓳరߦޠಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆޕ ߒ߆ߒޔߩㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߪޟޔᓳరޠ㧔Ꮢⴝ߿ㄘߥߤ ߩੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼߦ߅ߌࠆᓳరߩᚑᨐ╬㧕ࠍචಽ⹏ଔߢ߈ࠆౝኈߦߪߥߞߡߥὐ߇㗴 ߢࠆޕ ߃߫ޔᣣᧄߢ߽ 20 ♿ᧃએ᧪ޔㇺᏒᴡᎹߩ᳓⾰ᡷༀߦߣ߽ߥߞߡ㝼㘃ߩᓳᵴ߇ࠄࠇ ࠆޕ㝼㘃߽․ޔቯ⒳߳ߩࠅ߿ࠞࠬⵍࠆࠃߦ࠙ࡢࠞޔኂߣ߁㗴ὐࠍߺߥ߇ࠄ߽ޔ 20 ♿ඨ߫ߦᲧߴߡᏒⴝߢߩჇടቯ⌕ะ߇ࠄࠇࠆޔߚ߹ޕ੩ㇺߩ␠ኹߦ߅ߌࠆ ᣣᧄᐸߩࠃ߁ߦੱޔᎿ⊛ߥⅣႺߢࠅߥ߇ࠄ⼾߆ߥ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍታߒߡࠆ߽ ࠆߚߒ߁ߎޕᏒⴝߩਛߩੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼ߇ᜬߟน⢻ᕈࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦ⹏ଔߒޔੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼߩน ⢻ᕈࠍㆡಾߦᒁ߈ߔขࠅ⚵ߺߩଦㅴߦነਈߔࠆᜰᮡ߇ᔅⷐߣ߃ࠆޕ ٨↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߦ㑐ࠊࠆᜰᮡ㗄⋡ߩᬌ⸛ᒝ߇ᔅⷐ ߩㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߢߪ↢ޔᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆᜰᮡ߇㧡 ⸳ߌࠄࠇߡࠆ߇ޔߜ߁ߩߘޔ㧟߇ࡦ࡚ࠪࠛࠢޟᢎ⢒߇ޠභߡ߅ࠅࡃޔ ࡦࠬ߇ᖡޕ ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᜰᮡ㗄⋡ࠍㅊടߔߴ߈߆ߪᓟߩᬌ⸛⺖㗴ߢࠆ߇ޔߩᜰᮡ㗄⋡ߩᒝ ߇ᔅⷐߢࠆޕ ࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡞ᜰᮡߪ⥄ޟᏆ⹏ଔߣߛ࡞࠷ߩ↪ޠ⡞ߡࠆߩߢޔฦㇺᏒ߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩ ታᖱߣ㗴ᗧ⼂ߦᓥߞߡߩ⥄⁛ޔᜰᮡࠍઃߌട߃ࠆߥߤߩࡈࠠࠪࡉ࡞ߥขࠅᛒ߽ᔅ ⷐߢࠆޕ ٨ㇺᏒ⸘↹ߣߩ㑐ㅪ߆ࠄᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߣ߁ⷞὐ߽ᔅⷐ ↢ᘒቇߩኾ㐷ኅߛߌߢߥߊ↢ޔᘒቇએᄖߩኾ㐷ኅ㧔ㇺᏒ⸘↹╬㧕ߩ⋡✢߆ࠄᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ ߔࠆߎߣ߽ᔅⷐߢࠆޔߣߥߒ߁ߘޕㇺᏒ⸘↹╬ߩઁಽ㊁ߦ㑐ࠊࠆᜂᒰ⠪߇ߦߊ ᜰᮡߣߥߞߡߒ߹߁࡙ࠩޔߚߩߎޕ㧔ታ㓙ߦᜰᮡࠍᣉ╷╬ߦ߁ੱ㧕ࠍᗐቯߒ ߥ߇ࠄᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩᵩ᳓⺞ᢛ⢻ജ߿ੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼ╬ߪㇺᏒ⸘↹ߦߟߥ߇ࠆ߽ߩߢࠆߚߦ․ޔ ㇺᏒ⸘↹ߦߟߥ߇ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ⼂ߒߡᜰᮡࠍߟߊࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣ߃ࠆޕ - 37 - ࿑ 5-1 ㇺᏒߩ㧟࠲ࠗࡊ㧔1㧛3㧕 ⾗ᢱ㧦↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળോዪ✚ෳਈട⮮ᱜ༹᳁ឭଏ - 38 - ࿑ 5-2 ㇺᏒߩ㧟࠲ࠗࡊ㧔2㧛3㧕 ⾗ᢱ㧦↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળോዪ✚ෳਈട⮮ᱜ༹᳁ឭଏ - 39 - ࿑ 5-3 ㇺᏒߩ㧟࠲ࠗࡊ㧔3㧛3㧕 ⾗ᢱ㧦↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળോዪ✚ෳਈട⮮ᱜ༹᳁ឭଏ - 40 - 㧢㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ ↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߦߪ߁ߣޠࠬࡆࠨޟᔨ߇ߞߡࠆࠃ߁ߦ߇࡙ࠩޔᗐቯߐࠇ ߡࠆޕGIS ߥߤࠍ↪ߚᏗዋ⒳ߥߤߩ↢ᘒ♽ߥߤߦ㈩ᘦߔࠆᖱႎߦട߃␠ޔળ⊛ߥଔ୯ ⷰࠍ࿑ߦᤋߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ࿑ᚑ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆޕ ߹ߚ⋡⊛ߦวࠊߖߡ㧘ᜰᮡࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߥࠬࠤ࡞ߢㆡ↪ߒᤨߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ㑆ゲߢ⠨߃ߡ ߊߩ߆ߣ߁ߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߣߥࠆޕ ޟᜰᮡߩ╷ቯ⥄߇ޠᏆ⋡⊛ൻߒߡߒ߹߁ᑷኂ߿ޔᭂജᣢሽߩ࠺࠲ߛߌߢኻᔕߒࠃ߁ߣ ߔࠆᘠ⠌ࠍᄌ߃ޔᜰᮡ߇ታⴕജࠍ߽ߞߡߊߚߦߪㇺᏒㇱߩ᳃ߩḩ⿷ᐲⴕޔߩ⚵❱ ߩᨵエᕈߥߤ߇㊀ⷐߣߥࠆޕ - 41 - ï ˄ ઃ㍳㧝㧦ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆฦ⒳ળ⼏ߩ㐿േะ ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕᐲߦ㐿ߐࠇߚㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆળ⼏ߣߒߡޔ ‛↢ޟᄙ᭽ᕈ⥄ᴦળ ⼏ 2009ޔޠ 㧔⽷㧕ฬฎደㇺᏒࡦ࠲ਥ 㐿ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߢࠆ⥄ޟᴦ߆ࠄߺߚޡㇺᏒ ߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈޟޠޢડᬺᄢቇ߆ࠄߺߚޡㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩޠޢⷐࠍᢛℂߔࠆޕ - 42 - 㧝㧚↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ⥄ᴦળ⼏ 2009㧔ࡊ࿖㓙⥄ᴦળ⼏㧕 (1) 㐿ⷐ 㐿ᣣᤨ 㐿႐ᚲ ਥ⠪ ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 11 13 ᣣ㧔㊄㧕11:00㨪17:30 㧔⁛㧕࿖㓙දജᯏ᭴㧔JICA㧕ਛㇱࡦ࠲ 㧔ฬฎደᏒਛᐔᳰ↸ 4 ৼ⋡ 60-7㧕 ᗲ⍮⋵ޔฬฎደᏒޔCOP10 ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળ ᄖോ⋭ ․ోᮭᄢ㧔COP10 ᜂᒰ㧕 ⨹ᧁ༑ઍᔒ ࿖㓙දജᯏ᭴ਛㇱ࿖㓙ࡦ࠲ ᚲ㐳 Ⓑ⪲⺈ ᧪ ⾠ ࿖㓙⥄ὼ⼔ㅪว㩀㨽㩧㩎㩊㩨㨽㩧 2010 㩖㩩㩥㩂㩨㩡㩛㨿㩖㨲㩅㨺 ࠛࠨ㨯ࠞ࡞ࠞ࠹ ࿖㓙ㅪวၞ㐿⊒ࡦ࠲ ᚲ㐳 ዊ㊁Ꮉᑧ 㧔⽷㧕ⅣႺᚢ⇛ᯏ㑐ℂ㐳㧔␠㧕+%.'+ ᣣᧄℂ㐳 ᵿਛᓼ ⅣႺ⋭ ᄢ⤿ቭᚱክ⼏ቭ ᷰㆺ✁↵ ̪50 㖸㗅ޔᢘ⒓⇛ ෳട⠪ 103 ⥄ᴦ㧔32 ㇺᐭ⋵ޔ15 Ꮢޔ56 Ꮢ↸㧕 22 㑐ଥᯏ㑐࿅ 㧨ࡊࠬޔോዪ㒰ߊ㧪 ⸘ 204 ฬ ౮⌀ 1-1 ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ⥄ᴦળ⼏ 2009 ߩ㐿⁁ᴫ - 43 - (2) 㐿ౝኈ ٤ၮ⺞⻠Ṷ ⊒⠪ ࠼ࠗ࠷ ࠞ࡞ࠬ࡞ࠛᏒరዪ㐳 ࡎ࡞ࠬ࠻ࠪࡘࡒ࠶࠻᳁ ࠹ࡑ ࠞ࡞ࠬ࡞ࠛᏒߦ߅ߌࠆࡆࠝ࠻ࡊࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢߩขࠅ⚵ߺ 40 ᐕ㑆ߦࠊߚࠅⴕޔᏒ᳃ޔડᬺߩදജߦࠃࠅⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚࠞ࡞ࠬ࡞ ౝኈ ࠛᏒߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ߩߚߩࡆࠝ࠻ࡊߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢൻߩขࠅ⚵ ߺߦߟߡ ٤ಽ⑼ળ ̆ಽ⑼ળ Aޟᄙ᭽ߥ↢ᘒ♽ߩోౣ↢ߦࠃࠆ⥄ὼ⾗↥ߩଔ୯ߩഃ̆ޤ࠻࠶࠲ࡆࡂޣޠ 㧔ࡈࠔࠪ࠹࠲㧦⽷࿅ᴺੱᣣᧄ↢ᘒ♽දળ ോዪ㐳 㑐ஜᔒ᳁㧕 ⥄ᴦฬ ජ⪲⋵ ࠹ࡑ ౝኈ ᄱ㓈Ꮉᵹၞߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ ᄱ㓈Ꮉᵹၞࠍ৻⊛ߦߣࠄ߃ߡታᣉߒߡ ᭽ᕈోౣ↢ᬺ ࠆ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩోౣ↢ᬺߦߟߡ ✛ߩోޔഃߦߌߚ⺃ዉߣⷙߩᒝൻ߿ޔ ᧲੩ㇺ ✛ߩ᧲੩ 10 ᐕࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ ㇺ᳃ડᬺⴕ߇৻ߣߥߞߚࡂࡆ࠲࠶࠻ ߩഃߩ࠼ࠦޔలታߦߟߡ ᭽ⴕߥޘᣉ╷⋵ޔ᳃ߩ↢ᵴޔડᬺᵴേ߇ᄙ ṑ⾐⋵ ṑ⾐⋵ࡆࠝ࠻ࡊࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ ᭽ߥ↢ᘒ♽ߩోౣ↢ߣ߁⺖㗴ߦ㑐ଥߒ ࠢ᭴ᗐ ߡࠆߎߣࠍ߰߹߃ߚޟṑ⾐⋵ࡆࠝ࠻ࡊࡀ ࠶࠻ࡢࠢ᭴ᗐߡߟߦޠ ࡓࠨ࡞᧦⚂Ḩ⭢ޟᩙ ᄢፒᏒ ᴧㄝ᳓↰ޠၞߢߩข⚵ 㧙↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ⢒ᜬ⛯น ⢻ߥㄘᬺߣၞ ⅣႺోߦ㈩ᘦߒߟߟޔၞߩᵴᕈൻࠍ⋡ᜰ ߒߚ⥄ὼ↢ߩข⚵ޔ ߩޠ߷ࠎߚߕߺࠁ߰ޟข ⚵╬ߦߟߡ ᄢⷙᮨߥቛ㐿⊒ࠍᄌᦝߒ⼱ޔᵤ↰ࠍᓳᵴߐ ㊁↰Ꮢ ⥄ὼߣ↢ߔࠆၞߠߊࠅ ߖޔ㓞ធߔࠆᩮㆇᴡࠍਛᔃߣߒߚࠛࠦࡠࠫ ࠞ࡞ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢࠅ╬ߦߟߡ - 44 - ̆ಽ⑼ળ B‛↢ޟᄙ᭽ᕈߩోౣ↢ޣޠㅪ៤̆ޤ 㧔ࡈࠔࠪ࠹࠲㧦COP10 ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળ ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠩ 㚅ဈ㧕 ⥄ᴦฬ ࠹ࡑ ᚭᏒ ቇᩞࡆࠝ࠻ࡊߠߊࠅߩផㅴ ጟጊᏒ ౝኈ ੱߣ⥄ὼ߇↢ߔࠆⅣႺߠߊࠅߩ৻Ⅳߣߒ ߡߩቇᩞ╬ߩࡆࠝ࠻ࡊᢛߦߟߡ ㊁↢↢‛ߩᏒ᳃ߦࠃࠆ⥄ਥ⊛ Ꮢ᳃ߦࠃࠆりㄭߥ㊁↢↢‛ߩ⼔ᵴേࠍᩭߣ ߥోᵴേ ߒߚޟりㄭߥ↢߈߽ߩߩ㉿ޠᐲ╬ߦߟߡ Ꮢ᳃߇⥄ὼࠍቇ߮ޔᵹߔࠆ႐ᚲࠍޟߩ㚞ޠ ጟፒᏒ ᳓ߣߺߤࠅߩߩ㚞 ߣ⟎ߠߌߚⅣႺోᵴേ߿⥄ὼ㛎ࡊࡠ ࠣࡓ╬ߦߟߡ ⫱Ꮢ ৻⦡↸ ᶏߩⅣႺోࠍⴕ߁ߚޔㄝ⥄ᴦߢㅪ៤ ਃᴡḧߦ߅ߌࠆᶏߩⅣႺቇ⠌ ᐈ⼺↸ ߒߡⴕߞߡࠆ᳃ߦኻߔࠆⅣႺቇ⠌ߦߟ ߡ Ꮢ᳃ߣⴕ߇දߒߡⴕߞߡࠆࠦ࠙ࡁ࠻ ⼾ጟᏒ ࠦ࠙ࡁ࠻ߩ㊁↢ᓳᏫᬺߩ ߇Ḩߩోౣ↢ᵴേߣޔḨߩᕺ ข⚵╬ ߺࠍᵴ↪ߒߚㄘᬺߦࠃࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩో ߣၞߩᵴᕈൻߩਔ┙ߦߟߡ ٤ᗲ⍮⋵ޔฬฎደᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈోߦ㑐ߔࠆข⚵╬⚫ ⥄ᴦฬ ౝኈ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏㧔COP10㧕߮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖㓙⥄ᴦળ ᗲ⍮⋵ ⼏ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⇛ߩ⺑‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈో╬ߦߟߡߩᗲ⍮⋵ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ⁁ᴫ ߩ⺑⥄ߜޔὼⅣႺోᚢ⇛㧔ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 3 ╷ቯ㧕ߩౝኈ⚫ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߥߏ߿ᚢ⇛㧔ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ 3 ╷ቯ੍ቯ㧕ߩ߹ߜߠߊࠅ߿ߊࠄߒߠ ฬฎደᏒ ߊࠅߦࠅߊߠߣ߭ޔ㑐ߔࠆᬺߩᣇะᕈߩ⺑ߣޔ ‛↢ޟᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖㓙⥄ᴦળ ⼏ߦޠะߌޔవዉ⊛ߥᓎഀࠍᜂ߁⇇ߩㇺᏒ߿࿖㓙ᯏ㑐ߩᴫߥߤࠍ⚫ - 45 - ٤ળ⼏✚ ౝኈ㧧COP10 ߣ૬ߖߡ㐿੍ቯߩ‛↢ޟᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖㓙⥄ᴦળ⼏ߦޠะߌ⥄ޔᴦ߇↢‛ ᄙ᭽ᕈߩోౣ↢ߦ㑐ߔࠆᣉ╷ࠍⴕߞߡߊ߁߃ߢޔએਅߩὐ߇㊀ⷐߢࠆߎ ߣࠍ⏕ߒߚޕ ٨‛↢ޟᄙ᭽ᕈ✚߁ߣޠว⊛ߥⷞὐ ٨ޟ㉿ጊᢥൻ߁ߣޠᓴⅣߣ↢ߩ⍮ᕺ ٨ ᴡᎹߩᵹߣਅᵹߩㅪ៤ ٨ ᵹㅢᶖ⾌ߩࠅᣇߩᡷༀ ٨ Ꮢ᳃ᬺ⠪ߣߩද߮⥄ᴦ⋧ߩ⚻㛎ᵹᖱႎ (3) ᣂ⡞ឝタ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ⥄ᴦળ⼏ 2009 ߦߟߡߩឝタ⸥ࠍએਅߦᷝઃߔࠆޕ 㧨Ფᣣᣂ⡞㧪 - 46 - 㧨ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᣂ⡞㧪 㧨⺒ᄁᣂ⡞㧪 㧨ᦺᣣᣂ⡞㧪 㧨ਛᣣᣂ⡞㧪 - 47 - 㧞㧚⥄ᴦ߆ࠄߺߚޟㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈޠ 㧔㧔⽷㧕ฬฎደㇺᏒࡦ࠲ਥ 㐿ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ㧕 (1) 㐿ⷐ 㐿ᣣᤨ 㐿႐ᚲ ਥ⠪ ᓟេ ㅪ៤දജ ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 11 14 ᣣ㧔㧕13:15㨪16:45 㧔⽷㧕ฬฎደㇺᏒࡦ࠲ ᄢ⎇ୃቶ 㧔ฬฎደᏒਛ㊄ጊ↸৻ৼ⋡㧝⇟㧝ภ ㊄ጊධࡆ࡞ 11 㓏㧕 㧔⽷㧕ฬฎደㇺᏒࡦ࠲ ฬฎደᏒ┙ᄢቇ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળޔ ߥߏ߿ⅣႺᄢቇታⴕᆔຬળ ౮⌀ 2-1 ⥄ᴦ߆ࠄߺߚޟㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩޠ㐿⁁ᴫ - 48 - (2) 㐿ౝኈ ࡆࠝ࠻ࡊ߿✛ߩⓍᭂ⊛ߥᢛߢ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ࠼ࠗ࠷ࠞ࡞ࠬ࡞ࠛᏒࠍߪߓޟޔㇺᏒ ߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦޠ㑐ࠊࠆవㅴ⊛ߥขࠅ⚵ߺ╬߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߚޕ ٤ၮ⺞⻠Ṷ ⊒⠪ ࠹ࡑ ࠼ࠗ࠷ ࠞ࡞ࠬ࡞ࠛᏒరዪ㐳 ࡎ࡞ࠬ࠻ࠪࡘࡒ࠶࠻᳁ ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ 㨪ࠞ࡞ࠬ࡞ࠛᏒߦ߅ߌࠆࡆࠝ࠻ࡊࡀ࠶࠻ ࡢࠢߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㨪 ٤ࡄࡀ࡞࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ ࠹ࡑ ࡄࡀࠬ࠻ ࠦ࠺ࠖࡀ࠲ ⥄ᴦ߆ࠄߺߚޟㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈޠ ฬฎደᏒޔජ⪲⋵ޔᚭᏒߩ⥄ᴦ⡯ຬ ㇺᏒࡦ࠲․⎇ⓥຬ 㚅ဈ - 49 - 㧟㧚ડᬺᄢቇ߆ࠄߺߚޟㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈޠ 㧔㧔⽷㧕ฬฎደㇺᏒࡦ࠲ਥ 㐿ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ㧕 (1) 㐿ⷐ 㐿ᣣᤨ 㐿႐ᚲ ਥ⠪ ᓟេ ㅪ៤දജ ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ 1 21 ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕14:30㨪17:00 㧔⽷㧕ฬฎደㇺᏒࡦ࠲ ᄢ⎇ୃቶ 㧔ฬฎደᏒਛ㊄ጊ↸৻ৼ⋡㧝⇟㧝ภ ㊄ጊධࡆ࡞ 11 㓏㧕 㧔⽷㧕ฬฎደㇺᏒࡦ࠲ ฬฎደᏒ┙ᄢቇ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળޔ ߥߏ߿ⅣႺᄢቇታⴕᆔຬળ ౮⌀ 3-1 ડᬺᄢቇ߆ࠄߺߚޟㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩޠ㐿⁁ᴫ - 50 - (2) 㐿ౝኈ ٤⻠Ṷ ̆⻠ṶԘ̆ ⊒⠪ ᨋ Ꮧ৻㇢ ᳁㧔ฬฎደᄢቇࠛࠦ࠻ࡇࠕ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲᢎ㧕 ࠹ࡑ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣㇺᏒᵴേ એਅߩὐ߇ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⺖㗴ߢࠆߣߒߡ߹ߣࠄࠇߚޕ 㧙ㇺᏒᵴേߪㇺᏒၞᄖߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ߿↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߦᄢ߈ߊଐሽߒߡ ਥߥౝኈ ࠆࠍࠇߎߪߕ߹ޕᛠីߔࠆߴ߈ߢࠅޔଐሽߩ⁁ߩนⷞൻ߇ᔅⷐޕ 㧙ၞᄖଐሽߦࠃࠆⅣႺ⽶⩄ࠍᷫࠄߔㇺᏒౝߩദജ߇ᔅⷐޕ㓸⚂ߦࠃࠆല ₸ൻ߿↥ᶖߦࠃࠆࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ൻߥߤޕ 㧙ㇺᏒၞᄖ߆ࠄឭଏߐࠇࠆ↢ᘒ♽ࠨࡆࠬߩ⛽ᜬ߳ߩදജ߇ᔅⷐޕ ̆⻠Ṷԙ̆ ⊒⠪ ㎨↰ ⏴ੱ ᳁㧔ᓼፉᄢቇᄢቇ㒮࠰ࠪࠝ࠹ࠢࡁࠨࠗࠛࡦࠬ⎇ⓥㇱ ᢎ㧕 ࠹ࡑ ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ̆ቇߩ┙႐߆ࠄ̆ ㇺᏒߦขࠅ࿐߹ࠇࠆ㉿ጊߦ߅ߌࠆ↢ᘒࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢߩഠൻ߿ޔㇺᏒㄭ㇠ ߩⓄ⼱㧔ᄢ㒋ᐭ’ᣇᏒ㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ᳃ߦࠃࠆ㉿ጊ▤ℂߩขࠅ⚵ߺߦߟ ਥߥౝኈ ߡႎ๔߇ߐࠇߚޕ ࠙࡞ࡆࠝ*㧔URBIO㧧Urban Biodiversity and Design㧛ㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆ↢ ‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ࠺ࠩࠗࡦ㧕ߩⷐߣᧄޔᐕ 5 ߦ㐿ߐࠇࠆ࠙࡞ࡆࠝ 2010 ߦߟߡ⚫ߐࠇߚޕ *࠙࡞ࡆࠝߣߪޔ2007 ᐕ 3 ߢࡃ࠴ࠢߩ࡞ࠫࡉޔ㐿ߐࠇߚޟㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ㧦2010 ᐕ⋡ᮡߩ㆐ᚑޠ ߦ㑐ߔࠆળ⼏ߣߩߘޔᚑᨐࡃ࠴ࠢޟት⸒ࠍޠฃߌ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂ߩㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆታᣉߦะߌߚ⑼ቇ⊛ ታ〣ࠕࡊࡠ࠴ࠍቇⴚ⊛ߦᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚߦᒻᚑߐࠇߚ⑼ޔቇ⠪⸘↹┙᩺⠪╬߆ࠄߥࠆ࿖㓙ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢ ࠍ߁ޕ - 51 - ̆⻠ṶԚ̆ ⊒⠪ ࠹ࡑ ㇊㗇 ᳁ 㧔ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳㧔ᩣ㧕ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲ ⅣႺᛛⴚࡦ࠲ ㇺᏒ✛ൻࠣ࡞ࡊ㐳㧕 ડᬺߣㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ ડᬺ✛ߩല↪ ડᬺߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩേะߣ⺖㗴ޔㇺᔃߩડᬺ✛ߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈౣ ↢ޔᓟߩ⺖㗴ߦߟߡ⻠Ṷ߇ߥߐࠇߚޕ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈౣ↢ߣߒߡޔᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳ߦ߅ߌࠆޟౣ↢ߩ᧡ࡆࠝ࠻ࡊޠ 㧔ో㕙Ⓧ 2,000 টޕ1,000 টⷙᮨߩࡆࠝ࠻ࡊߩㇺᔃߢߩታ⸽࠺࠲ ߪ߶ߣࠎߤߥޕ㧕߇⚫ߐࠇ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩోലᨐࠍએਅߦ␜ߔ✚ว ਥߥౝኈ ⊛ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄ⹏ଔࠍߒߡࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߚޕ 㧙ᜰᮡ↢‛ߦࠃࠆⅣႺᒻ⁁⁁ᘒߩ⹏ଔ 㧙ࡅ࠻ࠕࠗࡦ࠼ߩ✭ 㧙✛ⴕേߩᔃℂ↢ℂ⊛ലᨐ 㧙ࡆࠝ࠻ࡊߩⅣႺᢎ⢒↪ലᨐ ̆⻠Ṷԛ̆ ⊒⠪ ᔘ૫ ᳁㧔㧔ᩣ㧕ഃᑪ Ᏹછᛛⴚ㘈㧕 ࠹ࡑ ડᬺߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᑪ⸳ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻ᬺോߩ⁁ߣ⺖㗴╬ߦߟߡ ⻠Ṷߐࠇߚޕਥⷐߥ⺖㗴ߣߒߡޔᣢሽߩ⇛࠺࠲ࠍᵴ↪ߒߚᬺ߇ᄙ ਥߥౝኈ ⁁ࠍ〯߹߃ޔ㐿ߐࠇߚ࠺࠲ࡌࠬᢛ㧔Ꮧዋ⒳ኒṪ߳ߩ㈩ᘦ߽ ᔅⷐ㧕╬߇ᔅⷐߢࠆߣᜰ៰ߐࠇߚޕ ߘߩઁޔSEGES ߩⷐߦߟߡႎ๔ߐࠇߚޕ ٤ࡄࡀ࡞࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ ࠹ࡑ ࡄࡀࠬ࠻ ࠦ࠺ࠖࡀ࠲ ડᬺᄢቇ߆ࠄߺߚޟㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈޠ ㎨↰⏴ੱ᳁ޔ㇊㗇᳁ޔᔘ૫᳁ ㇺᏒࡦ࠲․⎇ⓥຬ 㚅ဈ ٨ฦㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆቛൻ㧛㐿⊒ߩ⁁ ٨ࠝࡈ࠶࠻ߦߟߡߩᓟߩዷ㐿ߩน⢻ᕈ ਥߥ⼏㗴 ٨↥ᬺ⇇ߣᄢቇߩᓟߩዷ㐿ߩน⢻ᕈ ٨࠙࡞ࡆࠝ 2010 ߦะߌߡߩᗧ ٨࠙࡞ࡆࠝ 2010 ߦะߌߡߩᗧ ╬ - 52 - ઃ㍳㧞㧦ડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈోߩขࠅ⚵ߺ 㧝㧚↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ᳃㑆ෳ↹ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ࿖ౝᄖߩേ߈ ㄭᐕ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩో߮ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ߩ⏕ߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦขࠅ⚵᳃㑆ᬺ⠪߇Ⴧ ടߒߡࠆޟߚߒ߁ߎޕ᳃㑆ᬺ⠪ߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈో߿ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ߩ⏕ߦޠ ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚ࿖ౝᄖߩਥߥേ߈ࠍએਅߦᢛℂߔࠆޕ Ԙ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 8 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏㧔COP8㧕ߢߩ᳃㑆ෳ↹⼏ ᐔᚑ 18 ᐕࡉࠫ࡞ߢ㐿ߐࠇߚ COP8 ߢߪޔೋߡ᳃㑆ᬺ⠪ߩෳ↹ߩ㊀ⷐᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ ⼏߇ណᛯߐࠇߚޕ⼏ߢߪ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ᳃㑆ᬺ⠪ߩෳ↹ߩㆃࠇࠍᜰ៰ߒߟߟޔ ᳃㑆ᬺ⠪߇ᨐߚߒᓧࠆ⽸₂߳ߩᦼᓙߣߒߡએਅߩὐ߇ㅀߴࠄࠇߚޕ ٤↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ജࠍᜬߟ᳃㑆ᬺ⠪߇ᮨ▸⊛ߥታ〣ࠍណᛯଦㅴߒߡߊߎ ߣߪ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩ៊ᄬ㒐ᱛߦ⋧ᒰߥ⽸₂߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ ٤ᴦ߮⺰ߦኻߔࠆᓇ㗀ജ߇ᄢ߈᳃㑆ᬺ⠪ߪ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ ↪ࠍᐢࠆ㎛ߣߥࠆߎߣ ٤↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂ᛛⴚߩ⫾Ⓧ߮ࠃࠅో⥸⊛ߥࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡚ࠪࡦߩ⢻ജ߇᳃㑆ᬺ⠪ߦߪࠅ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ ↪ߩታ〣㕙ߢߩᵴべ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆߎߣ ╬ 㧔ෳ⠨㧕ⅣႺ⋭ࡎࡓࡍࠫ㧔2010 ᐕ 1 27 ᣣ㧕 ‛↢ޟᄙ᭽ᕈડᬺᵴേࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦᬌ⸛ળ ╙㧠࿁ળวޠ㈩Ꮣ⾗ᢱ http://www.biodic.go.jp/biodiversity/bbgl/20-4/ ԙ╙ਃᰴ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖ኅᚢ⇛↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈၮᧄᴺ ╙ਃᰴ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖ኅᚢ⇛㧔ᐔᚑ 19 ᐕ 11 㧕ߢߪޔડᬺ╬ߩᬺ⠪߇᭽ߥޘ႐㕙ߢ↢ ‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ࠍ␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ ߥ⚵ߺߩਛߦ⚵ߺㄟࠎߢߊߢ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᜂߞߡࠆߣ߁⼂ߩ߽ߣޔડᬺߩ⥄ ਥ⊛ߥᵴേߩᜰ㊎ߣߥࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈડᬺᵴേࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦࠍ╷ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߚޕ ߹ߚޔᐔᚑ 20 ᐕ 6 ߦᣉⴕߐࠇߚ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈၮᧄᴺߦ߅ߡߪޔᬺ⠪ߩ⽿ോ߇ⷙቯߐ ࠇߚޕ - 53 - ԚⅣႺ⋭↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᳃㑆ෳ↹ࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦߩ╷ቯ ⅣႺ⋭ߪᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 8 20 ᣣ╙ޔਃᰴ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖ኅᚢ⇛ߦၮߠ߈ޔᬺ⠪߇↢‛ᄙ᭽ ᕈߩోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ߩߚߩᵴേࠍ⥄ਥ⊛ߦⴕ߁㓙ߩᜰ㊎ߣߥࠆ‛↢ޟᄙ᭽ᕈ᳃㑆 ෳ↹ࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦޕߚߣ߹ࠅߣࠍޠ ᧄࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦߪ╙ޟޔΣ✬ ⁁⼂ߩ╙ޟޔޠΤ✬ ᜰ㊎ޟޔޠෳ⠨✬ ታ〣ߩߚߩ ࡅࡦ࠻ࠄ߆ޠ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡࠆ╙ޕΣ✬ߢߪ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߿ᬺ⠪ߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ ߩ㑐ࠊࠅ╬ߦߟߡ⺑╙ޔΤ✬ߢߪޔขࠅ⚵ߺߩᜰ㊎ޔ⠨߃ᣇ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍឭଏޔ ෳ⠨✬ߢߪޔขࠅ⚵ߺࠍታᣉߔࠆ㓙ߩෳ⠨ߦߥࠆࠃ߁ߥౕ⊛ߥ߿ޔᬺ⠪ߩᵴേߩ ႐㕙ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ╬ߩᖱႎࠍឝタߒߡࠆޕ ԛ᳃㑆ࠢ࠲ߦ߅ߌࠆࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦ╬ߩ╷ቯ ㄭᐕߩ᳃㑆ࠢ࠲ߦ߅ߌࠆࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦ╬ߩ╷ቯߣߒߡޔᣣᧄ⚻ᷣ࿅ㅪวળߩ ޟᣣᧄ⚻࿅ㅪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈት⸒ޠ㧔ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 3 㧕߇ߍࠄࠇࠆ‛↢ޕᄙ᭽ᕈోߩት ⸒ߣⴕߩߚߩߘޔേᜰ㊎߆ࠄߥࠆޕት⸒߮ⴕേᜰ㊎ߪᓟޔㅴ⁁ᴫࠍᛠីߔࠆߣߣ ߽ߦᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡᡷༀࠍ࿑ߞߡߊߎߣߣߐࠇߡࠆ߇ޔᄢᚻડᬺ߿ᬺ⇇࿅ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ ᨒ⚵ߺߢࠆߚޔᓟߩേะ߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆޕ ߹ߚޔᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 4 ߦߪޔṑ⾐⋵ౝߦᬺၮ⋚ࠍᜬߟડᬺ߇ෳ↹ߔࠆṑ⾐⚻ᷣหળ߇ޔ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩోߪડᬺߩ⽿ോߢࠆߣߔࠆޟℚℛḓ߈߽ߩࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉት⸒ࠍޠ ߒߚޕหት⸒ߢߪ‛↢ޟޔᄙ᭽ᕈోࠍޠ㊀ⷐߥ⚻༡⺖㗴ߣᝒ߃⚻ޔ༡⠪⥄ࠄ߇వ㗡ߦ┙ ߜ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈో╬ߦ⾗ߔࠆડᬺᵴേࠍዷ㐿ߒߡߊߎߣࠍ߁ߚߞߡࠆޕ ߎߩ߶߆‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ߩታߦขࠅ⚵ᣣᧄડᬺߩ㓸߹ࠅߣߒ ߡᐔᚑ 20 ᐕ 4 ߦ⊒⿷ߒߚޟડᬺߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉ㧔JBIB㧕ޕࠆ߇╬ޠ - 54 - 㧞㧚ડᬺߩขࠅ⚵ߺ ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆડᬺߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈోߩขࠅ⚵ߺߣߒߡޔ ╙ޟ㧝࿁ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ ᣣᧄࠕ ࡢ࠼㧔࿖ౝ⾨㧕ߩ*ޠఝ⑲⾨ฃ⾨⠪ߩਛ߆ࠄޔ㣮ፉᑪ⸳ᩣᑼળ␠ޔⓍ᳓ࡂ࠙ࠬᩣᑼળ␠ࠍ ขࠅߍࠆޕ ട߃ߡ↢ޔᘒ♽ߦ㈩ᘦߒߚᑪ⸳ᬺߦขࠅ⚵ߣߣ߽ߦߩ࡞ࡆ␠⥄ޔደ╬ߦ߅ߡࡆ ࠝ࠻ࡊࠍᢛߒߩߘޔലᨐ⸘᷹╬ߦ߽ขࠅ⚵ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳ᩣᑼળ␠ߩࠍขࠅߍࠆޕ *↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ ᣣᧄࠕࡢ࠼㧔࿖ౝ⾨㧕ߦߟߡ ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 6 ޔ 㧔⽷㧕ࠗࠝࡦⅣႺ⽷࿅ߣⅣႺ⋭ߪޔ2010 ᐕߦᗲ⍮⋵ฬฎደᏒߢ㐿ߐࠇࠆ↢ ‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏㧔COP10㧕ߦะߌߡ‛↢ޟޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩోޠ߮‛↢ޟᄙ᭽ᕈ ߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ↪ࠍޠផㅴߔࠆߚ‛↢ޟޔᄙ᭽ᕈ ᣣᧄࠕࡢ࠼㧔࿖ౝ⾨㧕ࠍޠഃ⸳ߒߚޕ ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 9 ╙ޔ㧝࿁⋡ߣߥࠆ‛↢ޟᄙ᭽ᕈ ᣣᧄࠕࡢ࠼㧔࿖ౝ⾨㧕ߩޠఝ⑲⾨ 8 ઙࠍቯ ߒߚޕఝ⑲⾨ߩਛ߆ࠄޔ ޟၞડᬺߣߩදߦࠃࠆ⼱ᵤ↰ߩోޠ 㧔ታᣉਥ⠪㧦NPO ᴺੱ ࠕࠨ ࠩၮ㊄⩵⊕ޔ㈬ㅧᩣᑼળ␠ޔᩣᑼળ␠ ↰ਛ㈬ㅧᐫ㧕߇ࠣࡦࡊࠍฃ⾨ߒߚޕ Ԙ㧦㣮ፉᑪ⸳ᩣᑼળ␠ 2005 ᐕߦᬺ⇇ೋߣߥࠆޟ㣮ፉ↢ᘒ♽ోⴕേᜰ㊎╷ࠍޠቯޕ2008 ᐕߦߪ╙ 9 ࿁↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂✦⚂࿖ળ⼏㧔COP9㧕ߢ‛↢ߣࠬࡀࠫࡆޟᄙ᭽ᕈࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ ⷐ ࠖࡉߦޠෳടߒ࠳ࠪ࠶ࡊት⸒ࠍⴕ߁ߥߤ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߣᑪ⸳ᬺߩ↢ ߦ₸వߒߡขࠅ⚵ࠎߢࠆޕ ⹏ޠࠢࡢ࠻࠶ࡀ࡞ࠞࠫࡠࠦࠛޟଔᛛⴚࠍߪߓߣߒߚ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ߳ߩ✚ว⊛ ߥขࠅ⚵ߺ߇‛↢ޟᄙ᭽ᕈ ᣣᧄࠕࡢ࠼㧔࿖ౝ⾨㧕ޠఝ⑲⾨ฃ⾨ߦ⚿߮ߟߚޕ ٨⹏ޠࠢࡢ࠻࠶ࡀ࡞ࠞࠫࡠࠦࠛޟଔᛛⴚ 㧔⁛┙ⴕᴺੱㇺᏒౣ↢ᯏ᭴⽷ޔ࿅ᴺੱㇺᏒ✛ൻᛛⴚ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴ߣߩห㐿⊒㧕 ᜰᮡ↢‛ߣ↢ᕷ╬ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆቯ㊂⊛᧦ઙࠍ⸳ቯߒ✛ޔߩ⁁߿᧪ࠪ࠽ ࠝࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔၞ↢ᘒ♽ߦ㈩ᘦߒߚㇺᏒ㐿⊒ࠍᡰេߔࠆᛛⴚޕ ᒰขࠅ⚵ߺߢߪㇺᏒၞߢ↢ᕷน⢻ߢࠅ৻⥸Ꮢ᳃ߦ߽⍮ᐲߩ㜞㠽㘃 ਥߥ ࠦࠥࠍᜰᮡ↢‛ߣߒߡࠆޕ ขࠅ⚵ߺ ࿑ ⹏ଔ⚿ᨐ㧔㣮ፉᑪ⸳(ᩣ)ࡎࡓࡍࠫ㧕 㧔ෳ⠨㧕㣮ፉᑪ⸳(ᩣ)ࡎࡓࡍࠫ㧔2010 ᐕ 1 27 ᣣ㧕 ޟ㣮ፉߩข⚵ߺ߇╙ 1 ࿁‛↢ޟᄙ᭽ᕈ ᣣᧄࠕࡢ࠼ޠఝ⑲⾨ࠍฃ⾨ޠ http://www.kajima.co.jp/news/press/200910/8e1-j.htm - 55 - ԙ㧦Ⓧ᳓ࡂ࠙ࠬᩣᑼળ␠ 2001 ᐕࠃࠅᐸ߿ⴝ〝ߦ⥄↢⒳߿᧪⒳ߩ᮸ᧁࠍᬀᩱߔࠆޟ5 ᧄߩ᮸ߣޠฬઃ ߌߚ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㈩ᘦߒߚㅧ✛ൻᬺࠍផㅴޕ2007 ᐕ߆ࠄߪ⛘Ṍෂᗋ᮸⒳ ⷐ ߩណ↪࿁ㆱߥߤ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈోࠍ 10 ߩ⺞㆐ᜰ㊎߆ࠄߥࠆ⺞᧚ᧁޟ㆐ࠟࠗ ࠼ࠗࡦ⸳ࠍޠቯߒޔⅣႺ߮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㈩ᘦߒߚᧁ᧚ߩ⺞㆐ࠍㅴߡࠆޕ ‛↢ޟᄙ᭽ᕈోࠍ 10 ߩ⺞㆐ᜰ㊎‛↢ޟ߇ޠᄙ᭽ᕈ ᣣᧄࠕࡢ࠼㧔࿖ౝ ⾨㧕ޠఝ⑲⾨ฃ⾨ߦ⚿߮ߟߡࠆޕ ٨↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈోࠍ 10 ߩ⺞㆐ᜰ㊎ ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥᧁ᧚↪ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߚ⾰ᧁޔᑪ᧚ࠍขࠅᛒߞߡࠆਥⷐขᒁ వ⚂ 60 ␠ߦኻߒޔฦ⒳⸳߿ㇱ᧚ߢ↪ߒߡࠆ᮸⒳߿ේ↥ޔวᴺᕈߥ ߤߦߟߡߩ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒ⚿ߩߘޔᨐࠍၮߦ 2007 ᐕ 4 ߦ⁛⥄ߩ⺞᧚ᧁޟ ㆐ࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦ╷ࠍޠቯޕ ᧁ᧚⺞㆐ࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦߦߪ 10 ߩ⺞㆐ᜰ㊎߇ቯߐࠇߡ߅ࠅߩߎޔਛߦ↢‛ ᄙ᭽ᕈߩో߳ߩ㈩ᘦ߇߹ࠇߡࠆ⺞ޔઁߩߎޕ㆐ᧁ᧚ߩวᴺᕈ╬ߩᜰ㊎ ߽⸳ߌࠄࠇߡࠆޕ ⺞㆐ᜰ㊎ߏߣߩ⹏ଔὐߩว⸘ߢᧁ᧚ࠍ SޔAޔBޔC ߩ 4 ߟߩ⺞㆐ࡦࠢߦ ಽ㘃ߒ⹏ޔଔ߇ૐ C ࡦࠢߩᧁ᧚ࠍᷫࠄߒ⹏ޔଔߩ㜞 S ࡦࠢߩᧁ᧚ ࠍჇ߿ߔᣇะߢࡈࠚࠕ࠙࠶࠼⺞㆐ࠍㅴߡࠆޕ ਥߥ ขࠅ⚵ߺ ⺞᧚ᧁޟ㆐ࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦ ߩޠ10 ߩᜰ㊎ 1 ㆑ᴺબណߩน⢻ᕈ߇ૐၞ߆ࠄ↥ߐࠇߚᧁ᧚ 2 ⾆㊀ߥ↢ᘒ♽߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߡࠆၞએᄖ߆ࠄ↥ߐࠇߚᧁ᧚ 3 ၞߩ↢ᘒ♽ࠍᄢ߈ߊ⎕უߔࠆޔᄤὼᨋߩᄢબណ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡࠆ ၞએᄖ߆ࠄ↥ߐࠇߚᧁ᧚ 4 ⛘Ṍ߇ෂᗋߐࠇߡࠆ᮸⒳એᄖߩᧁ᧚ 5 ᶖ⾌ߣߩ〒㔌߇ࠃࠅㄭၞ߆ࠄ↥ߐࠇߚᧁ᧚ 6 ᧁ᧚ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚗߿ኻ┙߇ࠆၞએᄖ߆ࠄ↥ߐࠇߚᧁ᧚ 7 ᨋߩ࿁ᓳㅦᐲࠍ߃ߥ⸘↹⊛ߥબណ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡࠆၞ߆ࠄ ↥ߐࠇߚᧁ᧚ 8 ࿖↥ᧁ᧚ 9 ⥄ὼ↢ᘒ♽ߩో߿ഃߦߟߥ߇ࠆࠃ߁ߥᣇᴺߦࠃࠅᬀᨋߐࠇߚ ᧁ᧚ 10 ᧁᑄ᧚ࠍේᢱߣߒߚᧁ⾰ᑪ᧚ 㧔ෳ⠨㧕Ⓧ᳓ࡂ࠙ࠬ(ᩣ)ࡎࡓࡍࠫ㧔2010 ᐕ 1 27 ᣣ㧕 ↢ޟᘒ♽ోߩขࠅ⚵ߺޠhttp://www.sekisuihouse.co.jp/sustainable/2009/environment/nature/02.html ޟⓍ᳓ࡂ࠙ࠬ ࠾ࡘࠬ࠲ޠhttp://www.sekisuihouse.co.jp/company/newsobj1333.html - 56 - Ԛ㧦ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳ᩣᑼળ␠ ↢ᘒ♽ߦ㈩ᘦߒߚᑪ⸳ᬺߦขࠅ⚵ߣߣ߽ߦ⎇ߩ␠⥄ޔⓥᚲ╬ߦ߅ߡࡆࠝ ⷐ ࠻ࡊࠍᢛߒߩߘޔലᨐ⸘᷹╬ߦ߽ขࠅ⚵ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳ᩣᑼળ␠ߩࠍขࠅ ߍࠆ ٨ㇺᏒࠛࠦࡠࠫࠞ࡞ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢ⹏ଔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ ᬺߣߘߩㄝߩ✛߿↢‛ߩಽᏓࠍቯ㊂⊛ߦಽᨆߒ‛↢ޔᄙ᭽ᕈߩⷰὐ ߆ࠄ⾰ߩ㜞✛߿ࡆࠝ࠻ࡊߩ⸘↹ࠍᡰេߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓޕ χ࠴࡚࠙㘃ࠍߦߒߚ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ੍᷹ࡑ࠶ࡊ㧔ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳(ᩣ)ࡎࡓࡍࠫ㧕 ਥߥ ขࠅ⚵ߺ ٨ࡆࠝ࠻ࡊታ⸽ታ㛎 ᄢㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆࡅ࠻ࠕࠗࡦ࠼⽎ߩ✭⥄ޔὼ↢ᘒ♽ߩ࿁ᓳోࠍ⋡ ⊛ߣߒߡޔ2000 ᐕࠃࠅደࡆࠝ࠻ࡊታ⸽ታ㛎ࠍታᣉߒߡࠆޕ ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲߩᢝਛᄩߦߪ⚂ 2,000m2 ߩ㕙Ⓧࠍࠆࡆࠝ࠻ࡊ㧔ޟౣ↢ߩ᧡ޠ ࡆࠝ࠻ࡊ㧕ࠍᢛߒ⥄ޔὼ↢ᘒ♽ߩౣ↢⾗ޔḮߩౣ↢↢ޔᵴⅣႺߩౣ↢╬ ࠍታ⸽ߒߡࠆޕ ࿑ ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳ ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲޟౣ↢ߩ᧡ࡊ࠻ࠝࡆޠ 㧔ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳(ᩣ)ࡎࡓࡍࠫ㧕 㧔ෳ⠨㧕ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳(ᩣ)ࡎࡓࡍࠫ㧔2010 ᐕ 1 27 ᣣ㧕 ޟㇺᏒࠛࠦࡠࠫࠞ࡞ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢ⹏ଔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓޠhttp://www.shimz.co.jp/tw/tech_sheet/rn0207/rn0207.html ޠࡊ࠻ࠝࡆޟhttp://www.shimz.co.jp/theme/sit/biotope.html - 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