未来予測 - 慶應義塾大学-塾生HP

3
.
,
(Mcdonnell &
.
Pickett 1990),
(
(Palomino & Carrascal 2007).
400m
)
,
,
(
(Mckinney 2002),
5
2
)
.
,
,
9
,
,
(Marzluff 2001).
,
4
8
500m
14
,
.
,
(Bird et al. 1996).
,
(Rutz et al. 2006).
,
300
(
2013),
(
.
,
2013).
31%,
?
1.7%,
0.7%,
(
3.3%
50%,
)0.7%,
,
,
.
.
(Rutz 2008).
,
,
,
,
,
(p< 0.001).
.
,
,
,
30%
1-1.
.
23
1
30%
,
.
10%
107
,
.
21
.
1km
50%
,
,
,
.
44
27
,
,
1
1
.
1-2.
),
2
(p <0.001).
,
5
4
(8
,
,
,
3
13
8
14
,
,
,
.
(30
)
.
,
.
6
1
8
.
,
,
.
2015
8
14
,
1
1
,
,
2
(
).
Cultivated Environments. Academic Press, London.
,
Marzluff JM (2001) Worldwide urbanization and its
(Mckinney 2002).
effects on birds. In: Marzluff JM, Bowman R, &
,
Donnelly R (eds) Avian ecology and conservation in an
(Rutz 2004),
urbanizing world. pp 19-47. Kluwer Academic, Norwell,
.
MA.
,
Mcdonnell MJ, Pickett STA (1990) Ecosystem structure
,
and function along urban-rural gradients: an unexploited
,
opportunity for ecology. Ecology 71: 1232-1237.
.
Mckinney ML (2002) Urbanization, Biodiversity, and
,
Conservation. BioScience 52(10): 883-890.
(Rutz 2003).
Palomino D, Carrascal LM (2007) Habitat associations of
a raptor community in a mosaic landscape of Central
,
Spain under urban development. Landsc. Urban Plan.
.
83: 268-274.
,
,
Rutz C (2003) Assessing the breeding season diet of
.
goshawks Accipiter gentilis: biases of plucking analysis
,
.
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Zool 259: 209-217.
,
Rutz C (2004) Breeding season diet of Northern
.
,
,
Goshawks Accipiter gentilis in the city of Hamburg,
.
Germany. Corax 19: 311-322.
Rutz C, Bijlsma RG, Marquiss M & Kenward RE (2006)
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(2013)
6
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,
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(2009
6
50: 541-557.
(2013)
2
.
,
Bird DM, Varland DE & Negro JJ (Eds.) (1996) Raptors
in Human Landscapes: Adaptations to Built and
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