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4%Cu 0%Cu
ϩ㸬ᐇ⏝㔠ᒓᮦᩱศ㔝ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ 㔠ᒓᮦᩱࡢᯒฟ≀ࡸ⤖ᬗ⢏⏺࡞ࡢᚤ⣽⤌⧊ࡢไᚚࡣࠊ㏻ᖖࠊᡂศࡢㄪᩚࡶࠊ ຍᕤࡦࡎࡳࡸ⇕࡞ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊཎᏊࡢࢼࣀⓗ࡞ᣲືࠊ࠼ ࡤᣑᩓࡼࡿᯒฟࡸ⤖ᬗࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ㝿ࠊྲྀࡾᢅ࠺㔠ᒓࡢ㔠 ᒓᏛⓗ࡞≉ᚩࡢ㐪࠸㸦࠼ࡤࠊ㔠ᒓࡢ✀㢮ࡣඖࡼࡾࠊ┦ኚែࡢ᭷↓ࡸ☢ᛶࡢ᭷↓㸧ࡸࠊ 〇㐀ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾ࡼࡧ〇ရᙧែࡢ㐪࠸㸦࠼ࡤࠊࣂࣝࢡᮦᩱⷧ⭷ᮦᩱ㸧⏤᮶ࡋ࡚ࠊ␗ ࡞ࡿ⤌⧊ᙧᡂᣲືࢆ♧ࡍࡶࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀᛂࡌࡓ⤌⧊ไᚚᡭἲࡀᚲせࡉࢀࡲࡓ ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ┠ᶆࡋ࡚ᚓࡼ࠺ࡍࡿᛶ⬟࣭≉ᛶࡼࡾࠊ࠾ࡢࡎࡽ⤌⧊ไᚚࡢ ╔║Ⅼࡸ᪉ἲࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ┦ኚែࡸ☢ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㔠ᒓ࡛ࡣࠊኚែࢆ⏝ࡋࡓኚែ ┦ࡢᚤ⣽ᯒฟࡸ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽ࠊእ㒊☢ሙࡢࡼࡿࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᡂ㛗ࡸศᕸไᚚ ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᙉᗘ࣭ᘏᛶࢆồࡵࡿᮦᩱ㧗࠸ᑟ㟁ᛶࢆồࡵࡿሙྜ࡛ࡣࠊࢼࣀࢡ ࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡸ⢏⏺ࡢᙺࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵ⤌⧊ไᚚࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊࢼ ࣀࣞ࣋ࣝࡢཌࡳࡢⷧ⭷ᮦ࡛ࡣࣂࣝࢡᮦࡣ⤌⧊ᙧᡂࡢᣲືࡀࡃ␗࡞ࡾࠊࡘ␗✀ᮦᩱ ࡢ⏺㠃ࡢᣲືࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢ⤌⧊ไᚚࡢከᵝࡉࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᙉᗘࡸᘏᛶࡀせồࡉࢀࡿࣂࣝࢡᮦᩱ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊኚែࡸ☢ᛶࡢ࡞࠸࣑ࣝࢽ࣒࢘⣔ᮦᩱࢆᇶ‽ᮦᩱࡋࠊࡇࢀᑐࡋኚែࡸ☢ᛶ ࡢ࠶ࡿᮦᩱࡋ࡚㕲⣔ᮦᩱࢆࠊ㧗ᑟ㟁ᛶ࡞ᶵ⬟ⓗ࡞≉ᛶࢆせồࡉࢀࡿᮦᩱࡋ࡚㖡⣔ ࡢᮦᩱࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊせ࡞⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ㸦㸯㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚᢏ ⾡ࠊ㸦㸰㸧⢏⏺࣭⏺㠃ᵓ㐀ไᚚᢏ⾡ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࢆᐇࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ㟁Ꮚࢹࣂࢫ⏝ ࡞㹇㹒⏝㏵㉸ⷧ⭷ᮦᩱࡋ࡚⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㖡⣔ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣂࣝࢡᮦᩱࡢࡳ࡞ ࡽࡎࠊ㉸ᚤ⣽࡞⤖ᬗࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢ㉸ᛴ෭ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡼࡿ㸦㸱㸧ࢼࣀ⤖ᬗ⢏〇ᢏ⾡ࠊ࠾ ࡼࡧ㟁Ꮚࢹࣂࢫ࡞ᇶᯈୖ≀⌮࣭Ꮫⓗ╔ἲ࡞ࡼࡾࢼࣀࣞ࣋ࣝཌࡳ࡛ᙧᡂࡉ ࢀࡿ㉸ⷧ⭷㔠ᒓࡢ⤌⧊ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚㸦㸲㸧ࢼࣀⷧ⭷⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢ⥲ྜⓗ◊✲ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊✲ࡼࡾࠊࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ ࡢせ࡞⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࡀᇶᮏⓗ࣭య⣔ⓗゎ࣭᫂☜❧ࡉࢀࡿࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊྲྀ ࡾୖࡆࡿ㕲⣔ࠊ࣑ࣝࢽ࣒࢘⣔ཬࡧ㖡⣔ࡢ୕✀ࡢ㔠ᒓࡣࠊᵓ㐀ᮦࠊᶵ⬟ᮦࡋ࡚せ࡞ 㔠ᒓᮦᩱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸿㸬㕲⣔ᮦᩱ 㸯㸬ࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ 㸯㸬㸯◊✲┠ᶆ 㸦㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡ ࠙᭱⤊┠ᶆࠚ ᯒฟ┦ࢧࢬࢆ㸳㸮㹬㹫௨ୗไᚚࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᙉᗘࠊᘏᛶࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿ㸦ᙉ ᗘᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࡣᚑ᮶ᮦࡢ㸯㸬㸲ಸ௨ୖ㸧ࠝᇶᮏィ⏬ࠞࠋ ϩ$ 㸯㸬㸰 ◊✲ィ⏬ෆᐜヲ⣽ ⾲㸯㕲⣔⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲ィ⏬ ᖺࠉࠉࠉᗘ ◊ 㸯㸧ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚศᩓᙉ ✲ 㸰㸧⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽ᙉ 㹆㸯㸱 㹆㸯㸲 㹆㸯㸳 㹆㸯㸴 㹆㸯㸵 ࢼࣀᯒฟ⣲㐣⛬ᢕᥱ ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚ᪉ἲ㛤Ⓨ ᮦᩱ≉ᛶࡢ㛵ಀᢕᥱ ᚤ⣽⣲㐣⛬ᢕᥱ ᚤ⣽ᶵᵓ ࡢゎᯒ ᮦᩱ≉ᛶࡢ㛵ಀᢕᥱ ෆ 㸱㸧⤫ྜ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ ⌧㇟ࡢゎ࣭᫂ኚᙧࠊኚែࠊᯒฟࠊ⤖ᬗᣲືࡢほᐹ ᐜ 㸲㸧ᣦᑟཎ⌮ࡢ☜❧ ᖺࠉᗘࠉูࠉ┠ࠉᶆ ࣭◊✲యไࡢᩚഛ ࣭ ࢼ ࣀᯒ ฟไ ᚚ᪉ ࣭୰㛫┠ᶆ㐩ᡂ ἲ ⤫ྜ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ 㸦᪂ࣉࣟࢭࢫᥦࠊ᪂ᮦᩱ〇 ࣭ ࢼ ࣀ⤫ ྜ⤌ ⧊ไ ࣭᭱⤊┠ᶆ㐩ᡂ ᚚ ᢏ ⾡㸦 ࢼࣀ ࢡࣛ ࢫ ࢱ ࣮࣭ ࢼࣀ ᯒฟ ไ ᚚ ⢏ ⏺࣭ ⏺㠃 ไ ᚚ ࡢ⤫ ྜ㸧 ࡢ☜ ❧ ࣭ ᐇ 㦂タ ഛィ ⏬ࡢ ࣭ ᚤ ⣽ ᶵᵓ ࡢゎ ࣭ ᮦ ᩱ≉ ᛶ ࡢ㛵 ࣭ ィ ⟬⛉ Ꮫ ࡢ⤌ ࣭ ᪂ ࣉࣟ ࢭࢫ ࣭᪂ ᩚഛ ᯒ ಀᢕᥱ ࡳ ྜ ࢃࡏ ࡼ ࡿᣦ ᮦ ᩱ ࡢ 〇ᐇ ドヨ 㦂 㸦 ࢼࣀ ไᚚ ᪂ୡ ᑟཎ⌮ࡢ☜❧ ௦」┦㕲㗰ᮦᩱ㸧 ࣭ ࢼ ࣀᯒ ฟ࣭ ᚤ⣽ ࣭ ⤖ ᬗ ᪉ ゎ ᯒ㏱ ࣭ ࢼ ࣀ ᯒ ฟ ࠊ ⢏ ⣲㐣⛬ࡢㄪᰝ 㐣 㟁 Ꮚ㢧 ᚤ㙾 ࡢ๓ ⏺ ࣭ ⏺㠃 ไᚚ ᢏ⾡ ࡢᣦᑟཎ⌮☜❧ ༙ศᑟධ ࣭ᅽᘏᐇ㦂╔ᡭ ࣭ ୰ 㛫ホ ౯⏝ ࢧࣥ ࣉࣝࡢ〇㐀 㸦㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡ 㸦㸯㸧㸦-3(ࢫࢳ࣮ࣝᰴᘧ♫⚟ᒣෆ-5&0ศᐊ㸧 )H㸫&㸫0Q㸫&X⣔ྜ㔠㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊᖹᡂ㹼ᖺᗘᇶ♏᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ඹᐇ⏝ᛶ⬟ࢆホ ౯ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࢼࣀ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢไᚚࡼࡿ㧗ຍᕤᛶ㉸㧗ᙉᗘᮦฟࡢࡓࡵࡢ㛤Ⓨ᪉ ྥᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊ㸬㸣&㸫㸬㸣0Q㸫㸦㸫㸧㸣&X㗰ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᐇ㒊ရᡂᆺせồ ࡉࢀࡿᘏᛶࠊ✰ᣑࡆᛶ➼ࡢຍᕤᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࠊྛᛶ⬟ࢆ᭱㝈ࡍࡿ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳ࢆ᫂☜ ࡍࡿࡶࠊᙜヱ᮲௳࡛ࡢᐇ⏝ᛶ⬟ࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿほⅬࡼࡾࠊ࢚ࣥࢻ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ᮦᩱホ ౯ࡢ㐃ᦠ㛵ಀࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊᐇ⏝ࡢᮦᩱ≉ᛶୖࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᖹᡂᖺ ᭶ୖᾏ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡓᅜ㝿Ꮫ,&$66ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᡂᯝࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿࡶ ሗ㞟ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊᖹᡂᖺᗘᚓࡽࢀࡓᮦᩱ࣭▱ぢࢆᇶ)H㸫&㸫0Q㸫&X⣔ྜ㔠ࡢᐇ⏝ ᳨ウࢆ┠ⓗࡋࠊ㧗ຍᕤᛶ㉸㧗ᙉᗘᮦࡢ〇㐀ୖࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࠋྠ⪏⑂ປ≉ᛶࠊ ⪏㐜ࢀ◚ቯ≉ᛶ➼ࠊᮦᩱ≉ᛶࢆከ㠃ⓗホ౯ࡋࠊࡑࡢሗࢆᇶ࢚ࣥࢻ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡢ ሗࢆࡉࡽ᥎㐍ࡋࠊලయⓗ࡞㐺⏝㒊ရࡢ⤠ࡾ㎸ࡳṧࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࢼࣀ㸦&X㸧ᯒฟࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ㧗ຍᕤᛶ㉸㧗ᙉᗘᮦ࠾ࡅࡿຍᕤᛶྥୖᡂᆺᛶࢆ୧ ❧ࡍࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࠾ࡼࡧࢼࣀᯒฟ≀ࡢศᩓไᚚ㛵ࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳➼ࡢ▱ぢࢆ య⣔ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᡂᯝࢆᖹᡂᖺ᭶୰ᅜ㸦ᾏ༡ᓥ㸧࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡿᅜ㝿Ꮫ㸪 UG,68*6ㄽᩥࡋ࡚ᥦฟࡍࡿඹࠊᙜヱᢏ⾡ศ㔝㛵ࢃࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ሗࢆ㞟ࡍࡿࠋ ϩ$ 㸦㸰㸧㸦-)(ࢫࢳ࣮ࣝᰴᘧ♫༓ⴥෆ-5&0ศᐊ㸧 +ᖺᗘࡣࠊ㸬㸣&㸫㸬㸣0Q㸫㸦㸫㸧㸣&X㗰ࡢ&Xᯒฟᣲືࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ ࣔࢹࣝࡍࡿࡢᚲせ࡞ᐇ㦂ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㞟ࡋࡓࠋᇧ+ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࡢணṍࡳࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ ࡓᆒ୍࠾ࡼࡧᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂ➇ྜࣔࢹࣝࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࠊ➨ඖ⣲ࡢ㏣ຍ㸦)H㸫&X㸫ϱ㸪ϱ㸻0Q㸪 1L㸪6L㸧ࠊ㸣&Xῧຍ㗰ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࡋࡓᯒฟᣲືゎᯒࠊ෭༷㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟ㸦㐃⥆෭ ༷㸧࡞ࡢᯒฟᣲືࢆࠊ◳ࡉ ᐃ࣭㝧㟁Ꮚᾘ⁛ἲ࣭㏱㐣㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᢕᥱࡍ ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ3KDVH㸫)LHOGࣔࢹ࡛ࣝᚲせ࡞ࡿḟඖⓗ࡞ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ᯒฟ≧ែࡢᐇ㦂ࢹ࣮ ࢱࡢ᥇ྲྀࡶ⾜࠺ࠋ ࡉࡽࠊ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ほᐹ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢼࣀࢧࢬࡢᯒฟ≀ࡣఫ㔠ᒓ㸦ᰴ㸧-5&0ศᐊ 㐃ᦠࡋࠊගᏛᘧ୕ḟඖࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㟁⏺࢜ࣥ㢧ᚤ㙠㸦௨㝆27$3⛠㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ほ ᐹࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓຍᕤᛶྥୖࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊᮦ㉁ࢼࣀᯒฟ≀ᙧែ࣭ศᩓ≧ែࡢ 㛵ࢃࡾࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࡓࡵ;$)6㸦63ULQJ㸫㸧ࡼࡿゎᯒࢆᐇࡍࡿࡶศᩓ≧ែ⤌ ⧊Ꮫⓗぢᆅࡽᡂᆺᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ⪃ᐹᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ;$)6ゎᯒࡣእὀࡍࡿࠋ ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊᖹᡂᖺᗘ࡛ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡶィ⟬⛉Ꮫ*U࡛ゎᯒࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊᐇ⏝ⓗ࡞ほⅬ࡛ࡢィ⟬ࣔࢹࣝࡢࢵࣉࢢ࣮ࣞࢻᚲせ࡞ᐇ㦂ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ᥇ྲྀࡍ ࡿࠋ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ほᐹ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢼࣀࢧࢬࡢᯒฟ≀ࡣఫ㔠ᒓᕤᴗ㸦ᰴ㸧-5&0ศᐊ㐃 ᦠࡋࠊගᏛᘧ୕ḟඖࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㟁ゎ࢜ࣥ㢧ᚤ㙾㸦௨㝆27$3⛠㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ほᐹ ࡍࡿࠋ 㸦㸱㸧㸦ఫ㔠ᒓओෆ-5&0ศᐊ㸧 ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊ-)(ࢫࢳ࣮ࣝ༓ⴥศᐊ࡛ヨసࡉࢀࡓࡿ✀ࠎࡢᐇ㦂㗰࠾ࡅࡿࢼࣀ&Xᯒฟ ⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟᙧែࢆ27$3ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゎᯒࡋࠊ㐃⥆෭༷ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡸ➨୕ῧຍඖ⣲ࡀࢼࣀ&Xᯒ ฟ⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟᣲືཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆࠊཎᏊ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝㄪᰝࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊྠศᐊ࠾ ࡼࡧⲈᇛᏛࡢィ⟬ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࡢ᳨ドࡶᫎࡉࡏࡿࠋ ࡉࡽࠊ-)(ࢫࢳ࣮ࣝ⚟ᒣ࣭ிศᐊ࡛ヨసࡉࢀࡿᐇ⏝㏆࠸ᥦ㗰࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟᙧែ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ27$3ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゎᯒࡋࠊࢼࣀ&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢ᭱㐺ไᚚྥࡅ࡚ࡢᇶ♏ⓗ▱ぢࢆᚓ ࡿࠋ ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊᖹᡂᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࡢᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧィ⟬ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔ ࢹࣝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙠ࣞ࣋ࣝࠊ27$3ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓཎᏊࣞ࣋ࣝホ౯࡛᫂ࡽࡋ ࡚ࡁࡓࢼࣀ&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟᙧែཬࡰࡍ✀ࠎࡢᅉᏊࢆ⥲ᣓⓗ᫂☜ࡍࡿࠋ 㸦㸧㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢࢼࣀᵓ㐀ゎᯒ◊✲ 㸦㸲㸧㸦ඹྠᐇᕞᏛ㸧 ᖹᡂᖺᗘ௨㝆ࡣࠊ◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆᯒฟ㛵ಀ㔜Ⅼࢆ⛣ࡋࠊᘏᛶಀࢃࡿᅉᏊࢆ㏣ồࡋ ᘏᛶࡀྥୖࡍࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢゎ᫂ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࠋᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡘࡢ㡯┠ࢆయ ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࠋ ձ㗰ࡢᙉᗘ୍ᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫཬࡰࡍ&X㌾㉁⢏Ꮚࡢຠᯝ &Xྵ᭷㗰ᯒฟࡍࡿ&X⢏ᏊࡣࠊⅣ⣲㗰ᯒฟࡍࡿⅣ≀㸦ࢭ࣓ࣥࢱࢺ㸧⢏Ꮚ␗࡞ ࡾ㌾㉁࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࢀࡼࡿ㗰ࡢᯒฟᙉᶵᵓࡀᚑ᮶ࡢ࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᶵᵓ࡛ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞ࡃ ࡞ࡿࡇࡣᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᡂᯝࡼࡾ᪤᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ㝆అᚋࡢኚ ᙧᣲືཬࡰࡍ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊᘏᛶᨵၿࡢࡓࡵࡢᮦᩱタィᣦ㔪 ࡣ༑ศᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᘬᙇヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ&Xྵ᭷㗰ࡢᙉᗘ୍ᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀඃࢀࡿࡇ ࡣ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢຠᯝࢆ᭱㝈ᘬࡁฟࡍࡓࡵࡣࠊኚᙧᣲື ཬࡰࡍศᩓ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᐃ㔞ⓗㅽ౯ࡋࠊศᩓ≧ែࢆ᭱㐺ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ ᚲせ࡞ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡣ᪂᪥ᮏ〇㘐ᰴᘧ♫‽ഛࢆ౫㢗ࡍࡿࠋ ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊຠฎ⌮᮲௳ࡼࡾ&X⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࢆኚࡉࡏࡓ&Xྵ᭷㗰ࡢᛂຊṍ ϩ$ ࡳ᭤⥺ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇ࡛ຍᕤ◳ᣲືࠊᆒ୍ኚᙧ࠾ࡼࡧᒁᡤኚᙧᣲືཬࡰࡍ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ ᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡶࠊࡑࢀࡽཬࡰࡍ&X⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚⋡࠾ࡼࡧࢧࢬࡢຠᯝ㸦ࡲ ࡓࡣศᩓ㛫㝸㸧ࢆᐃ㔞ࡋࠊᙉᗘ୍ᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆࡉࡽྥୖࡉࡏࡿᣦ㔪ࢆᚓࡓࡿࠋ ղ㗰୰ࡢ&Xᯒฟ࣭ᡂ㛗㐣⛬ኚᙧᣲືཬࡰࡍᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ &Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡀ㗰ࡢᙉᗘ୍ᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢᨵၿࡁࡃᐤࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ᫂ࡽ࡞ ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢຠᯝࢆ᭱㝈ࡦࡁࡔࡍࡓࡵࡢᣦ㔪ࡣࡲࡔᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋኚ ᙧᣲືཬࡰࡍᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪࡿࡣ㏱㐣㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾ἲ7(0ࡣ᭷ຊ࡞◊✲Ṋჾ࡛࠶ ࡿࡀࠊ㗰୰ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡢሙྜࡣ☢ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࠊ)H&XࡢཎᏊ␒ྕࡀ㏆࠸ࡇࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ ࿘ࡾࡢṍࡳࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡞㉳ᅉࡍࡿほᐹୖࡢᅔ㞴ࡉࡀࡁࡲ࠺ࠋᖹᡂᖺᗘࡲ࡛ ࡢ◊✲ࡼࡾࠊ7(0ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ;('6ඖ⣲࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ67(0ീほᐹࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡀᐇドࡉ ࢀࡓࠋᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᡂᯝࢆඖࠊ&Xྵ᭷㗰ࡢኚᙧヨᩱࡢ7(0㸭67(ほᐹࡼࡾ &X⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ࿘ࡾࡢ㌿࣮ࣝࣉࡢ᭷↓ࡀほᐹࡢ㘽 ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ㉸㧗ᅽ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾ࡼࡿ7(0ᙅࣅ࣮࣒ἲࡼࡿᬯど㔝ീࡢほᐹࡶే⏝ࡍࡿࠋ ճ⢏⏺ᵓ㐀⢏⏺ᯒฟ≧ែࡢ㛵ಀㄪᰝ ⤖ᬗ⢏⏺ࡢᵓ㐀ࡣࠊ⢏⏺ࢆᣳࡴࡘࡢ⤖ᬗࡢ᪉ࡸཎᏊ㛫ࡢ⤖ྜᵝᘧ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚ከᵝ ኚࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⢏⏺ࡣῧຍඖ⣲ࡢせ࡞೫ᯒࢧࢺ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢᯒฟࢧࢺ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㕲ࡢ⢏⏺ᵓ㐀ࢆศᏊືຊᏛἲ࡛ồࡵࠊ⢏⏺࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽ ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊῧຍඖ⣲ࡀ⢏⏺೫ᯒࡋࡓሙྜ⢏⏺ᯒฟ≀ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿሙྜࡢ⢏⏺࢚ ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢኚࢆồࡵࡿࠋ մ㗰୰ࡢ&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢ◚ቯ≉ᛶཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ᮦᩱࡢ◚ቯ⌧㇟ࡣࠊⴭࡋࡃᵓ㐀ᩄឤ࡞ᛶ㉁ࢆ᭷ࡋࠊᮦᩱ⤌⧊ࡁࡃ౫Ꮡࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ 㐣⛬ࡣᘏᛶ◚ቯ⬤ᛶ◚ቯࡼࡗ࡚ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊᛂຊ㞟୰㒊࡛ࡢረᛶ ኚᙧᣲືࡀࡑࡢ㘽ࢆᥱࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࢀࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᮦᩱ⤌⧊῝ࡃ⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㗰 ࡢ◚ቯᣲື࠾࠸࡚ࡶᘏᛶ◚ቯࠊ⬤ᛶ◚ቯࠊࡉࡽ⬤ᛶ୍ᘏᛶ㑄⛣࠾࠸࡚ࠊ✀ࠎࡢᇶ ᮏⓗᮍゎỴၥ㢟ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᚤ⣽ᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࠊ≉&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢ◚ቯ≉ᛶ ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ㠌ᛶࡢᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮⾪ᧁヨ㦂➼ࢆ ⏝࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡍࡿࠋ◚㠃ゎᯒࡶేࡏ࡚⾜࡞࠸ࠊᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝᮦᩱ⤌⧊ࠊ≉&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ ࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᚲせ࡞ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡣ᪂᪥ᮏ〇㘐ᰴᘧ♫‽ഛࢆ౫㢗 ࡍࡿࠋ ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊ ձᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶཬࡰࡍ&X㌾㉁⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࠊղ㌿ᯒฟ≀ࡢᆞస⏝ࡢ7(0ほᐹ࣭ճ⢏ ⏺ᵓ㐀⢏⏺ᯒฟ≧ែࡢ㛵ಀࠊմ&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡀ◚ቯ≉ᛶཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࠊࡢ✲᫂ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ ࡓ◊✲ࢆᐇࡍࡿࠋ ձ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊຍᕤ◳࠾ࡼࡧᘏᛶࡢほⅬࡽ&X⢏Ꮚࢆ᭱㐺ศᩓࡉࡏࡓ⤌⧊୰ࠊ Ⅳ❅≀➼ࡢ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࢆ」ྜⓗศᩓࡉࡏ࡚ᙉᗘ୍ᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢ᭦࡞ࡿྥୖࡢྍ⬟ᛶ ࢆ᥈ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊຍᕤ◳ᣲື㌿⤌⧊Ⓨ㐩㛵ࢃࡿ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚ◳せ⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ㐪࠸ ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ ղ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᬯど㔝ἲࡼࡿ㌿ࡢ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣚࣥࠊ67(0ࡼࡿ㌿㐠ືࡢ ḟඖⓗゎᯒࠊ㟁㢧ෆ᪼ ࠊᘬᙇ㐣⛬ࡢ㌿㐠ືࡢLQ㸫6LWXほᐹྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࠋ ճ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ⢏⏺ཎᏊᵓ㐀ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ⢏⏺࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆᇶ&Xᯒฟᣲືࡢホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ մ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ)H㸫&Xྜ㔠ࡢప 㠌ᛶᨵၿᮦ㸦1Lῧຍ㗰㸧ࠊ⣽⢏㗰㸦1E➼ῧຍ㸧࠸ࡗ ࡓᐇ⏝ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᮦᩱ࠾ࡅࡿ⬤ᛶ୍ᘏᛶ㑄⛣ᣲືࡢ&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡢᑐ㇟ ࡍࡿ࣭◚ቯ㠌ᛶࡢ ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶ➼ࡢほ ࡽடඛ➃ࡢረᛶኚᙧᣲືཬࡰࡍ&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊୖグձࠊղࠊմࡢ◊✲ᚲせ࡞ヨᩱࡣ᪂᪥ᮏ〇⧊㸦ᰴ㸧ࡀ⁐〇ࠊຍᕤࡋ࡚ᥦ౪ ϩ$ ࡍࡿࠋ 㸰㸬ィ⟬⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔ 㸰㸬㸯◊✲┠ᶆ ࠙᭱⤊┠ᶆࠚ ᯒฟࢧࢬ࠾࠸࡚ᐇ㦂್ࡢㄗᕪࢆ㸳㸮㸣௨ෆࠊᯒฟ㔞࠾࠸࡚ᐇ㦂್ࡢ ㄗᕪࢆ㸯㸮㸣௨ෆࠝᇶᮏィ⏬ࠞࠋ 㸰㸬㸰 ◊✲ィ⏬ෆᐜヲ⣽ ⾲㸰㕲⣔ィ⟬⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔ࡢ◊✲ィ⏬ ᖺࠉࠉࠉᗘ 㹆㸯㸱 㹆㸯㸲 㹆㸯㸳 㹆㸯㸴 㹆㸯㸵 㸯㸧ࢼࣀᯒฟึᮇẁ㝵ࡢ ゎ᫂ ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮⤌ᡂ㺂࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ⟬ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨ 㸰㸧ࢼࣀᯒฟ≀ࡢࢩ࣑ࣗ ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ ◊ ࠉ ✲ ࠉ ෆ ࠉ ᐜ ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࠊࢼࣀᯒฟ㸦ࢧࢬศᕸࠊᐦᗘ➼㸧 ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨ 㸱㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᏳ ᐃᛶࠊ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ホ ➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬ࡢ㕲 ౯ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ ࡢᛂ⏝ 㸲㸧㉸ᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ࡢኚᙧ ≉ᛶᵓ㐀ኚࡢゎ᫂ ᯒฟ㐍⾜㐣⛬ ࡢࣔࢹࣝ ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ⟬ ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ ⟬ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ ¬ ຍᕤࡼࡿࢼࣀ⤖ᬗ ⢏Ⓨ⏕ࣔࢹࣝ ᙉኚᙧࠊᙉຍᕤࡼࡿᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ࡢኚᙧᶵᵓゎ᫂ࠊຍᕤ ᅇࠊ⤖ᬗࡼࡿෆ㒊⤌⧊ኚࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ ᩚྜ㺃㠀ᩚྜᯒฟ ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ᯒฟᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ࡢ ᵓ㐀㺃ኚᙧᛂ⟅ ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ☢ሙ 㸳㸧ᙉຍᕤࡼࡿ㉸ᚤ⣽ ⢏⤌⧊ࡢᙧᡂᵓ㐀ኚ ࡢண ᢏ⾡ࡢ☜❧ ᖺࠉᗘࠉูࠉ┠ࠉᶆ ◊✲యไࡢᩚഛ ᢏ⾡ㄪᰝ ୰㛫┠ᶆ㐩ᡂ ྜ㔠Ⅳ≀ࡢࣉࣟ ᭱⤊┠ᶆ㐩ᡂ ࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨ ᩥ⊩ㄪᰝ )H&X⣔࡛ࡢࢩ࣑ࣗ ᩚ ྜ ᯒ ฟ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ᯒฟ㐍⾜㐣⛬ࡢ 㠀ᩚྜ┦ࡢᯒฟࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣮ࣞ ࢩࣙ ࣥࣉ ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥᐇ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩࣙ ࣥࣉ ࣟࢢ ࣔࢹࣝࢆ᳨ウ ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛసᡂ ࣒ࣛసᡂ ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮⤌ᡂࠊ 㠀➼ ᯒฟࡢࣔࢹ ࢼ ࣀ ᯒ ฟ ཬ ࡰ ࢼ ࣀ ᯒ ฟ ཬ ࡰ ⏕ᡂ ᐦᗘ ィ⟬ ࣉࣟ ࣝࢆ᳨ウ ࡍ ࠊ ຍ ᕤ 㸦 ㍍ ᅽ ࡍ ࠊ ☢ሙ ຍ ᕤࡢ ࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨ ୗ㸧ࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ウ ຠᯝࢆ᳨ウ ➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬ࡢ㕲 &Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ ࢚ࢿ ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ ࡢ㐺⏝ᛶ᳨ウ ࣝࢠ࣮ࢆィ⟬ ⟬ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ ຍᕤࡼࡿᚤ⣽⢏ ⤌ ⧊ ࡢᵓ 㐀ኚ ኚ ᙧ ᑐ ࡍࡿ ᛂ⟅ ࡢ ࢩ ࣑ࣗ ࣮ࣞ ࢩࣙ ࣥᐇ ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ ⟬ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸦+ᖺ ᗘࡼࡾ๓ಽࡋ㸧 ኚᙧࡼࡿ㞟ྜ⤌ ኚᙧ≉ᛶࡢ⢏ᚄ౫ ⧊ᙧᡂ㐣⛬ࡢ᳨ウ Ꮡ ᛶ ⢏ ⏺ࡢ ᵓ㐀 ኚࢆ᳨ウ ᙉኚᙧୗࡢ⢏⏺⛣ ᐇᕤ⛬ࡢࢩ࣑ࣗ ື ࠊ ⢏⏺ ࡍ ࡾ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩࣙ ࣥࣔ ࢹࣝ ⤖ ᬗ ᵓ㐀 ኚ ࡢ᳨ 㐺⏝ ウ ࢼࣀࢭࣝᅇ㌿ࡢࣉ ࢼࣀࢭࣝᅇ㌿ள ᙉኚᙧୗࡢ⢏⏺⛣ ຍᕤࡼࡿࢼࣀ⤖ ࣟࢺࢱࣉィ⟬ ⢏ ⏺ ᙧᡂ ࡢࢩ ࣑ࣗ ື ᚤ⣽ ⢏⤌ ⧊ࡢ ᬗ ⢏ Ⓨ⏕ ࡢࣔ ࢹࣝ ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ ෆ 㒊 ᵓ㐀 ኚ ࡢࢩ ࢆ᳨ウ ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ள⢏⏺⤌⧊ᙧᡂ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿຍ ᕤࡢ ᙳ㡪 ࢆ ண ࡍ ࡿࢩ ࣑ࣗ ࣮ࣞࢱ࣮㛤Ⓨ ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟࡼࡿ⤌⧊ண ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ϩ$ ࢼ ࣀ ࣞ࣋ ࣝ⤌ ⧊ไ ᚚ ࢆ ⾜࠺ ࡃ 㔠ᒓ ᮦ ᩱ ⤌⧊ ᵓ㐀 ண ࣔ ࢹ ࣝࢆ ᵓ⠏ ࡋ࡚ ⤌ ⧊ ไᚚ ࡢᣦ 㔪ࢆ ᚓ ࡚ ᶵ⬟ ண ࢆ⾜ ࠺ࠋ ࠙ᴫせࠚ ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡼࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙ ࣥ⤖ᯝࢆᐇ㦂ẚ㍑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᯒฟࣔࢹࣝ㛵ࢃࡿࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮ࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ඹࠊᮦ ᩱࡢຍᕤ◳≉ᛶホ౯➼ࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࠊ㌿ᯒฟ≀ࡢ┦స⏝㛵ࢃࡿࣔࢹࣝࡢᵓ⠏ ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ 㸦㸯㸧㸦᪂᪥ᮏ〇⧊ᰴᘧ♫ෆ -5&0 ศᐊ㸧 ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡣࠊ&X ᯒฟ≀ࡼࡾᘏᛶࡀྥୖࡍࡿᶵᵓࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢィ⟬ࢆ㛤ጞࡋ ࡓࠋ᪂᪥ᮏ〇⧊ᰴᘧ♫ࡣࠊࡇࡢィ⟬ࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊືຊᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞ ࢩࣙࣥィ⟬ࢆᕞᕤᴗᏛ㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ᐇࡍࡿࠋ ༢⊂ࡢ &X ᯒฟ≀㌿ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ⣔࡛ࡢື≉ᛶࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿศᏊືຊᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤 Ⓨࡋࠊ&X ᯒฟ≀ࡼࡿล≧㌿ࡢࣆࢽࣥࢢ⬟ຊࡢᐃ㔞ⓗホ౯ἲࡽࡏࢇ㌿ࡢࢩ࣑ࣗࣞ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥἲࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࠋ ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡣࠊᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᵓ⠏ࡋࡓᡭἲࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࠊᐇ㦂ࡸᯒฟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙ ࣥࡢィ⟬࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓᵝࠎ࡞ &X ᯒฟᙧែ࠾ࡅࡿ༢⊂ &X ᯒฟ≀ࡢล≧࣭ࡽࡏࢇ㌿ࣆࢽ ࣥࢢ⬟ຊࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ&X ᯒฟ≀ ᙧែࡢᕪࡼࡿ㌿ࢺࣛࢵࣉᶵᵓࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ㛤ⓎࡋࡓศᏊືຊᏛࣔࢹࣝࡢ࢚ࢵࢭࣥࢫࢆࠊᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶୰ᅜࠊᾏ ༡ᓥ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡿᅜ㝿㆟ࠊUG,6*86 Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿࠋ 㸦㸰㸧㸦-)( ࢫࢳ࣮ࣝᰴᘧ♫㸦༓ⴥ㸧ෆ -5&0 ศᐊ㸧 ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡢ◊✲ィ⏬ᴫせ㸸㸬㸣&㸫㸬㸣0Q㸫㸦㸫㸧㸣&X 㗰ࡢ &X ᯒฟᣲືࡢ ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡲ࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ 3H㸫&X ඖ⣔ ࡢணṍࡳࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᆒ୍㸩ᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂ➇ྜࣔࢹࣝࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ➨ ඖ⣲㸦)H㸫&X 㸫ϱ㸪ϱ㸻0Q㸪1L㸪6L㸧ࢆ㏣ຍࡋࠊ&X ῧຍ㔞ࡀ㐣ඹᯒ⤌ᡂ㸦㸣㸧ᡂࡗࡓሙྜࡢᯒฟᣲ ືࣔࢹࣝࠊ෭༷㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟ㸦㐃⥆෭༷㸧࡞ࡢᯒฟᣲືࡢ㏣ຍࢆࠊⲈᇛᏛඹ ྠ࡛⾜࠺ࠋ≉ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➨ ඖ⣲ῧຍࡼࡿᯒฟᣲືࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࠊ27$3 ࡸ 7(0 ほᐹࢹ࣮ࢱẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ᳨࡛ウࡋࠊ➨ ඖ⣲ῧຍࡼࡿᯒฟಁ㐍ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ➨ ඖ⣲ࡢ೫ᯒ⨨ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㐃⥆෭༷࠾ࡅࡿࣟࢵࢻ≧ᯒฟ ≀ࡢᡂ㛗ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡞ࡣࠊⲈᇛᏛ࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡿ 3KDVH㸫)LHOG ࣔࢹࣝࢆ࣮࣋ ࢫ⾜࠸ࠊᚓࡽࢀࡿ ḟඖศᕸᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࠋ ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡢ◊✲ィ⏬ᴫせ㸸ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࠊ㸬㸣&㸫㸬㸣0Q㸫㸦㸫 㸧㸣&X 㗰ࡢ &X ᯒฟᣲືࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࠋ᭱⤊ᖺᗘࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀ ࡲ࡛ᡂࡋࡓணṍࡳࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᆒ୍㸩ᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂ➇ྜᆺ )H㸫&X ᯒฟࣔࢹࣝࠊ ࠾ࡼࡧ )H㸫&X㸫ϱ㸦ϱ㸻0Q㸪1L㸪6L㸧ᯒฟࣔࣛࣝࠊ෭༷㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟ㸦㐃⥆෭༷㸧 ࣔࢹࣝ࡞ࡢᯒฟᣲືࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆయ⣔ࡍࡿసᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ 㸦㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟ᰾⏕ᡂࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ 㸦㸱㸧㸦ጤクⲈᇛᏛ㸧 ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡣࠊᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡼࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝࢆᐇ 㦂ẚ㍑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮ࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ≉ࠊᐇ⏝㗰ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 0Q ࡸ 1L ࡞ ࡢྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡀ &X ࡢ᰾⏕ᡂཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ &DKQ㸫+LOOLDUG ⌮ㄽࢆࡗ࡚ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ ࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ&X ᯒฟࡢࣇ࢙࣮ࢬࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ㸦3KDVH࣭)LHOG0RGHO㸧ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡓࠋ)H࣭&X ඖ⣔ࡽ╔ᡭࡋࠊྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࢆྵࡵࡓ ඖ⣔ࡶࡋࡃࡣ ඖ⣔ࡢィ⟬ࢆ᭱⤊┠ᶆ ࡍࡿࠋィ⟬⏝࠸ࡿࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮ࡣᖹ⾮≧ែᅗࡢ⇕ຊᏛࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡼࡾධᡭࡋࡓࠋ ϩ$ ࡲࡓࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝࡢྍどࡶ⾜࠺ࠋ ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡣࠊከ✀㢮ࡢ᰾⏕ᡂࢧࢺ㸦㌿ࠊࣛࢫቃ⏺࡞㸧ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡁࡢᯒฟ ᣲືࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ࠊ㧗≉ᛶࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ &X ῧຍ↝ࡁᡠࡋ ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ㗰࠾ࡅࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟᣲືࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ᰾ᙧᡂึᮇࢆᢅ࠺ࣔࣥࢸ࢝ࣝࣟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࠊ┦ศゎᚋᮇࡢᯒฟ┦ࡢᡂ 㛗㐣⛬ࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿࣇ࢙࣮ࢬࣇ࣮ࣝࢻࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ㐃ᦠࡉࡏࡓ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ⤌ ⧊ᙧᡂࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆసᡂࡍࡿࠋ &X ⢏Ꮚᯒฟࡢ LQ6LWX ᐃࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ೫ᴟ୰ᛶᏊ⥺ᅇᢡᡭἲࡢ㐺⏝ࡘ࠸ ࡚ࠊᮏᡭἲࢆᅜ㝿ⓗ࣮ࣜࢻࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࢜ࣛࣥࢲࠊ'HOIW Ꮫࡢ◊✲⪅ពぢࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ 㸦࢘㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟ≀ࡀຊᏛⓗ≉ᛶཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ 㛤Ⓨ 㸦㸲㸧㸦ጤクᕞᕤᴗᏛ㸧 ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡣࠊ㐺ṇ࡞ຊᏛ≉ᛶ㸦ᙉᗘࠊᘏᛶ㸧ࢆ࠼ࡿ㗰୰ࡢ &X ᯒฟ≀ࡢᙧែࢆ᫂ ࡽࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࠊ)H㸫&X ⣔ࣔࢹࣝྜ㔠୰ࢧࢬࡢ␗࡞ࡿ &X ᯒฟ≀ࢆ㓄⨨ࡋດ ᩿ࡦࡎࡳୗ࡛ࡢศᏊືຊᏛゎᯒࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋᮏゎᯒ࡛ࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢࡍࡾ⣔࠾ࡅࡿ㸦㸧 ล≧㌿ࡢኚᙧ≧ែࡢᕪ␗ࠊ㸦㸧ດ᩿ᛂຊቑศࡢᕪ␗ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋᕞᕤᴗᏛࡣࠊ ୖグィ⟬ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨィ⟬ࢆ᪂᪥ᮏ〇㘐㸦ᰴ㸧㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ᐇࡍࡿࠋ ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᚓࡽࢀࡓ◊✲ᡂᯝࡢ୍㒊ࡣᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶㜰࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡿ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO$QQLYHUVDU\6\PSRVLXPRQ0ROHFXODU,㸧'\QDPLFV6LPXODWLRQV ࠾࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲ ணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸱◊✲㛤Ⓨయไ 㸱㸬㸯ࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨయไ ᐇ⏝㔠ᒓᮦᩱศ㔝ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡛ࡣࠊ-5&0 ࡛ࡢ㞟୰◊✲ຍ࠼Ꮫ࣭ᴗࡢ ◊✲ጤクࢆ⾜࠸ᮏ◊✲ࡢຠ⋡ࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㕲⣔ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱ࡛ࣝࡣࠊᕞᏛᏛ㝔ᕤ Ꮫ◊✲㝔ࡢ㧗ᮌᩍᤵࢆ⥲࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡋ࡚᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊูࡋ࡚ᐇ㦂ࢆయࡍࡿࠕࢼ ࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࠖࠊィ⟬⛉Ꮫࢆయࡍࡿࠕィ⟬⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔ࠖ ࡢ㸰ᮏࢆ㍈ࡋࠊࡉࡽ๓⪅ࡣࠕࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡ࠖࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࠕ⢏ ⏺࣭⏺㠃ᵓ㐀ไᚚᢏ⾡ࠖࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ᖹ⾜㐍ࡵ◊✲ࢆຠ⋡ⓗ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᕞᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔࣭ᮦᩱᕤᏛ㒊㛛ࡣ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊࠕࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮࣓ࢱࣝࠖ㸦ᖹᡂ㸷 㹼㸯㸱ᖺ㸧࡞ࡢᅜᐙࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ῝ࡃ㛵ࡋࠊୡ⏺᭱ඛ➃ࡢ◊✲ࢆ≌ᘬࡍࡿ࡞ࠊ 㕲⣔㔠ᒓᮦᩱࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ࠾࠸࡚㇏ᐩ࡞⤒㦂ඃࢀࡓᐇ⦼ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚◊✲ᐇ⦼ࡶ㇏ᐩ࡛࠶ ࡿࡇࡽ㛤Ⓨయไࡢ୰ᚰࡋ࡚㑅ᢥࡋࡓࠋ ࠕࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡࡛ࠖࡣࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨཧ⏬ᶵ㛵㸦᪂᪥ᮏ〇㚩ओࠊ᪥ᮏ㗰 ⟶ओࠊᕝᓮ〇㕲ओࠊఫ㔠ᒓओࠊओ⚄ᡞ〇㗰ᡤ㸧ࡣ㔠ᒓᮦᩱࡢไᚚᢏ⾡㛗ᖺࡢ◊✲㛤 Ⓨᐇ⦼ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡶࠊ࠼ࡤ᪂᪥ᮏ〇㚩ओࡣࠊከᶵ⬟⤫ྜᆺᅽᘏᶵࠊఫ㔠ᒓओࡣ ගᏛᘧ㸱ḟඖࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ⏝᳨ฟ⨨ࢆᣢࡘ࡞ࡑࢀࡒࢀ⊂⮬ࡢᙉࡳࢆಖ᭷ࡋࡓ◊✲ 㛤Ⓨయไࡶ☜❧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⥲ྜຊࢆ⤖㞟ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾ㎿㏿ࡘຠ⋡ⓗ࡞◊✲㛤Ⓨ ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㑅ᐃࡋࡓࠋ ϩ$ 䝘䝜䝯䝍䝹ᢏ⾡◊✲䝴䝙䝑䝖䊡 䠘㕲⣔䝘䝜䝯䝍䝹䠚 䠄⥲䝸䞊䝎䠖㧗ᮌᩍᤵ䠅 䠷ཷク⪅䠹 䞞㈈ᅋἲே㔠ᒓ⣔ᮦᩱ㛤Ⓨ䝉䞁䝍㻙 䠷ጤクඛ䠹 㜰ᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ 䠷ጤクඛ䠹 ⲈᇛᏛᕤᏛ㒊 䠄䝸䞊䝎䠖ᴮᮏᩍᤵ䠅 䠷ጤクඛ䠹 ᕞᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔 䠄⥲䝸䞊䝎䠖㧗ᮌᩍᤵ䠅 䠷ඹྠ◊✲ඛ䠹 ி㒔ᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ 䠘㕲⣔䠚ศᐊ ᪂᪥〇㚩ᰴᘧ♫ෆ 䠄⢏⏺䞉⏺㠃ᵓ㐀ไᚚᢏ⾡㻳㼞䝸䞊䝎䠖⢖㣤ཎ㒊㛗䠅 ᪥ᮏ㗰⟶ᰴᘧ♫ෆ䠆 ᕝᓮ〇㕲ᰴᘧ♫ෆ㻖 䠄䝘䝜䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊䞉䝘䝜ᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡㻳㼞䝸䞊䝎䠖బ⸨㒊㛗䠅 ఫ㔠ᒓᕤᴗᰴᘧ♫ෆ ᰴᘧ♫⚄ᡞ〇㗰ᡤෆ 㻖㻞㻜㻜㻟ᖺ㻠᭶㻶㻲㻱䝇䝏䞊䝹㻔ᰴ㻕䛻⤒Ⴀ⤫ྜ ᅗ㸯ࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨయไ㸦㒊ศ㸧 ϩ$ 㸱㸬㸰ィ⟬⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨᐇయไ ࠕィ⟬⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔࡛ࠖࡣࠊᕞᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔ࡢ㧗ᮌᩍᤵࢆ⥲࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ࡋ࡚ࠊ⤌⧊ண ࡞ࡢィ⟬⛉Ꮫ㛵ࡋ㛗ᖺࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨᐇ⦼ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿⲈᇛᏛᕤᏛ㒊ࠊ 㜰ᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ࠊி㒔ᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ຍ࠼ࠊᴗࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨཧ⏬ᶵ 㛵ࡋ࡚᪂᪥ᮏ〇㚩ओࠊᕝᓮ〇㕲ओࡢ㸰♫ࡼࡾᅽᘏࡢ⤖ᬗ㛵ಀ )H&X ྜ㔠ࡢᯒ ฟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆᖹ⾜ศᢸࡋຠ⋡ࡼࡃ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿయไࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓࠋ 䝘䝜䝯䝍䝹ᢏ⾡◊✲䝴䝙䝑䝖䊡 䠘㕲⣔䝘䝜䝯䝍䝹䠚 䠄⥲䝸䞊䝎䠖㧗ᮌᩍᤵ䠅 䠷ཷク⪅䠹 䞞㈈ᅋἲே㔠ᒓ⣔ᮦᩱ㛤Ⓨ䝉䞁䝍㻙 䠷ጤクඛ䠹 㜰ᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䠄ᕝᩍᤵ䠅 䠷ጤクඛ䠹 ⲈᇛᏛᕤᏛ㒊 䠄䝸䞊䝎䠖ᴮᮏᩍᤵ䠅 䠷ඹྠ◊✲ඛ䠹 ᕞᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔 䠄⥲䝸䞊䝎䠖㧗ᮌᩍᤵ䠅 䠷ඹྠ◊✲ඛ䠹 ி㒔ᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䠄す㇂ຓᩍᤵ䠅 䠘㕲⣔䠚ศᐊ ᪂᪥〇㚩ᰴᘧ♫ෆ 䠄ྜྷỤ㒊㛗䠅 ᪥ᮏ㗰⟶ᰴᘧ♫ෆ䠆 ᕝᓮ〇㕲ᰴᘧ♫ෆ㻖 䠄బ⸨㒊㛗䠅 ఫ㔠ᒓᕤᴗᰴᘧ♫ෆ ᰴᘧ♫⚄ᡞ〇㗰ᡤෆ 㻖㻞㻜㻜㻟ᖺ㻠᭶㻶㻲㻱䝇䝏䞊䝹㻔ᰴ㻕䛻⤒Ⴀ⤫ྜ ᅗ㸰ィ⟬⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔㛤Ⓨయไ㸦㒊ศ㸧 㸲㸬ᴗ㐠Ⴀ⟶⌮㸦ᐇ⪅ࠊ⟶⌮⪅㸧ࡢ⌧≧ 㕲⣔ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝ◊✲⪅యࡢ㆟࡛࠶ࡿࢼࣀ㕲ᢏ⾡ጤဨࡸࠊ㕲㗰㸳♫ࡢ௦⾲⪅ࡼ ࡿ㆟࡛࠶ࡿࢼࣀ㕲ᖿ࡚◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝࡢホ౯ㄢ㢟➼ࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆᇶ ◊✲᪉㔪ࡢỴᐃࡑࡢຠ⋡ⓗᐇ⾜ࢆᅗࡿࡶ◊✲⪅┦ࡢ㆟ㄽࠊᏛ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ᴗࡽࡢᥦゝ➼ࢆཷࡅࠊ◊✲⪅⮬㌟ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࢵࣉࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺయࡢ㉁ⓗྥୖດ ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸳㸬◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝ ϩ$ 㸳㸬㸯◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝᴫせ୍ぴ 㸳㸬㸯㸬㸯㕲⣔⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝᴫせ୍ぴ ⾲㸱㕲⣔⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝᴫせ୍ぴ 㡯┠ ᡂᯝෆᐜ ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼ )H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠⣔㸦)H&X ヨᩱ㸧 ࣀᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡ &X ᯒฟ⣲㐣⛬ࡢ᫂☜㸦᰾⏕ᡂཬࡰࡍ᱁ᏊḞ㝗ࡢᙳ㡪㸪 ຠ◳୰ࡢ &X ᯒฟ≀ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡸࢧࢬ࠾ࡼࡧᩘᐦᗘࡢ ኚㄪᰝ㸧ࡽ௨ୗࡢᡂᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ ࣭ணṍࡳࡼࡿ㐣✵Ꮝ⪃៖ィ⟬⛉Ꮫࣔࢹࣝࡽ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ ணṍࡳࡢᯒฟಁ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡣ㸪'$3),0 ࡸ 7(0 ࡛ほᐹࡉࢀ ࡿ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄ࣭⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࡼࡃ୍⮴ࡋࡓࠋ ࣭ຠ୰ᯒฟ&XࡢEFFЍIFFᵓ㐀ኚᣲືࡢホ౯࠾ࡅࡿ;$)6ࡢ ᭷ຠᛶࢆ᳨ドࡋࠊEFF㸭IFF㑄⛣ࡢ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡀຠ ◳ࡢᙺࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᚓࡓࠋ ࣭୕ḟඖࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ),0ࡼࡗ࡚ຠࡢྛẁ㝵࡛ࡢ&Xᯒฟ ≧ែࢆᐃ㔞ⓗᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࣆ࣮ࢡຠ࡛ࡢ&Xᯒ ฟࡢ≧ែࢆ㸪㐃⥆෭༷ᚋࡢ➼ ಖᣢ㸦㐃⥆⇕ฎ⌮ࣉࣟࢭࢫ㸧 ࡛ᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆゎ᫂ࡋࡓࠋ 㸧ᐇ⏝Ⅳ⣲㗰㸦࣮࣋ࢫ㗰㸸)H&0Q[&X㸧 ↝ධࢀฎ⌮ᚋࡢᶵᲔⓗᛶ㉁ࠊຠ◳ᣲືཬࡰࡍ &X ᯒ ฟᣲືࡢᙳ㡪ゎ᫂ࡋ௨ୗࡢᡂᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ ࣭Cu ῧຍ 0.19%C-1.5%Mn ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ㗰ࡣࠊCu ↓ῧຍ㗰 ࡢ 250Υ㹼550 ຠࡼࡾ㧗࠸◳ᗘࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ࣭Cu ῧຍ㗰ࡢ◳ᗘኚࡣࠊ᰾⏕ᡂࠊᡂ㛗ࡼࡿᆺⓗ࡞ᯒฟ ◳ᣲືࢆ♧ࡋࠊࡑࡢࣆ࣮ࢡຠ࡛ࡢ◳ᗘࡣࠊCu ῧຍ㔞ࡢ ቑຍక࠸ୖ᪼ࡋࠊ4%Cu ῧຍ㗰࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟ Cu 㔞ࡣ⣙ 2.5%ぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࣭450Υຠࡋࡓ 4%Cuῧຍ㗰ࡣࠊ50㹼350ΥຠࡋࡓCu↓ῧຍ ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ㗰࠾࠸࡚ࠊCu⢏Ꮚᯒฟ┦ࢧࢬࢆ 50nm௨ ୗ ไ ᚚ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡼ ࡾ ࠊ ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ ᗘ 㸦 TS 㸧 ࡀ 1200 㸫 1400MPa⣭ࡢ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ㗰ࡢᘏᛶ㸦El㸧ࡀᨵၿࡉࢀࠊTS Elࡢᣦᶆ࡛⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡿᙉᗘᘏᛶࣂࢸࣥࢫࡀ 11000 ࡽ 17000 ᚑ᮶ᮦࡢ 1࣭55 ಸᨵၿࡉࢀࡿᡂᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ ࣭4%Cuῧຍ㗰ࡢ 450Υຠฎ⌮ࡼࡾࠊ⢏ᚄ 20nm௨ୗࡢCu⢏ Ꮚࡀᯒฟࡍࡿࡶࢭ࣓ࣥࢱࢺࡀᚤ⣽ࡍࡿࠋ ࣭4%Cuῧຍ㛤Ⓨ㗰ࡣࠊCu↓ῧຍ㗰ࡼࡾඃࢀࡿᡂᆺᛶ⌧⾜㉸ 㧗ᙉᗘ㗰ᯈྠ➼௨ୖࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⁐᥋ᛶ➼࡞㌴య㐺⏝ᛶ⬟ ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࠋ ࣭Cu⢏ᏊࡼࡿỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉࡸFeⅣ≀ࡢ⏕ᡂ࣭ᡂ㛗ᢚไ࡞ ࡢࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㛤Ⓨࡢᣦ㔪࡞ࡿCuῧຍຠᯝࡢ▱ぢࢆᚓࡓࠋ ϩ$ 㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢࢼࣀᵓ㐀 ᘏᛶྥୖ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ✲᫂ࡍࡿほⅬࡽ㌿ᯒฟ≀ࡢ┦ ゎᯒ స⏝ࡢゎ᫂ࢆ┠ⓗࠊࢼࣀࢧࢬࡢⅣ≀࣭❅≀◳㉁⢏ Ꮚ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚ㸦&X㸧ࢆศᕸࡉࡏࡓࣔࢹࣝྜ㔠ࢆసᡂࡋຍᕤ◳ ≉ᛶ➼ࡢẚ㍑ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠺ࡶ )H&X ඖྜ㔠ࡢ㝆అᙉ ᗘࡢᣲືᇶ࡙ࡃ &X ᯒฟ⢏ᏊࡼࡿࣆࣥṆࡵᶵᵓゎ᫂ࡽ ௨ୗࡢᡂᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ ࣭QP௨ୗࡢ&X⢏Ꮚ࡛ࡣࠊࡏࢇ᩿ࡋ࡚㏻㐣ࡍࡿ㌿ࡢ㞳⬺⮫⏺ ᙇฟࡋゅᗘࡀ⢏Ꮚᚄࡶቑࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ࢝ࢵࢸࣥࢢᶵ ᵓࡣࠊศᏊືຊᏛⓗᡭἲࡼࡿ&Xࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ ホ౯࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࡶࠊࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦ୰ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚ㌿ ࡢ7(067(0ほᐹ᳨࡛ドࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࣭QP ௨ୖࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚᚄ࡛㌿ࡢ⮫⏺ᙇฟࡋゅᗘࡀ⌮ㄽ್᭱ ࢎ㐩ࡋࠊࡑࡢᙉ㔞ࡣ 2URZDQ ᛂຊ࡛ぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇ ࢀࡣࠊ㐣ຠᮦ୰ࡢᚄ &X ⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ࡢ୰Ꮡ ᅾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࣭◳㉁ࡢⅣ❅≀ᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ࡚┦స⏝ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ㺂㌾ ㉁࡞&X⢏Ꮚࡢᣲືࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞㗰ᮦ≉ᛶไᚚᢏ⾡ࡋ࡚ά⏝࡛ࡁ ࡿࡇࡀࡰ᫂☜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 㸳㸬㸯㸬㸰㕲⣔ィ⟬⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝᴫせ୍ぴ ⾲㸲㕲⣔ィ⟬⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝᴫせ୍ぴ 㡯┠ ᡂᯝෆᐜ ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣭ࢼ ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ⣔ &X ᯒฟᙉ㗰ࡢᙉᗘ࣭ᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫྥୖ ࣀ ᯒ ฟ ࡼ ࡿ ⤌ ⧊ ண ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ゎ᫂ࡢࡓࡵࠊ&DKQ㸫+LOOLDUG㸦 ඖ⣔ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟ ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ࣇࣝ㸧 /DQJHU㸫6FKZDUW] ࡢィ⟬㸦㐃⥆෭༷㐣⛬࠾ࡅ ࡿ &X ࢼࣀᯒฟࠊ↝ࡁᡠࡋ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ༓ࡢ &X ࢼࣀᯒฟ㸧ࣉࣟ ࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᩚഛࡍࡿඹࠊ⇕㛫ᅽᘏࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾ࡅࡿ㐃⥆ฎ⌮ ࢆᐃࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝⓎᒎࡉࡏࡓࠋࢼࣀࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ &X ᯒฟࢆ೫ᴟ ୰ᛶᏊ࡛ࡑࡢሙほᐹࡍࡿヨ⾜ࢆᐇࡋࡓࡀࠊ᳨ฟ⬟㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ ࡾᡤᮇࡢᡂᯝࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ௦᭰ᡭἲࡋ࡚ /($3 㸦/RFDOL]HG(OHFWURGH$WRP3UREH㸧ἲࡢά⏝ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆぢฟࡋ ࡓࠋ ➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢจ㞟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㓄⨨࠾ࡼࡧື ࡢ࢚ࣥࢺࣟࣆ࣮ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊྂⓗ᰾⏕ᡂ⌮ㄽ࡛ ᐃࡉࢀࡿ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ኚࡢጇᙜᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ Langer-Schwartz ⌮ㄽࡼࡾ᰾⏕ᡂࠊᡂ㛗ࠊ⢒ࢆྵࡴᯒ ฟ㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿ Cu ⢏Ꮚࡢ⤌ᡂࠊࢧࢬࠊᐦᗘࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺ ࡍࡿᡭἲࢆ㛤Ⓨࠋ&X ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࠊᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ⤖ᯝࡀࠊ7(0 ࡸ $3),0 ࡢほᐹ⤖ᯝྜ⮴ࡋࡓࠋ Fe ୰ࡢ Cu ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢจ㞟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆィ⟬ Cu ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࢧࢬࡢቑຍ ࡶᴟ್ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋ ࣭㌿ࡢṍሙࡢ┦స⏝ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚άᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆィ⟬ ࡋࠊẕ┦⢏⏺ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ⢏⏺ࡢ⮬⏤య✚(freevolume)ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ ࡚᰾⏕ᡂࡢάᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆィ⟬ ϩ$ ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣭ࢼ ࣀᯒฟ᰾⏕ᡂࢩ࣑ࣗࣞ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࢘ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣭ࢼ ࣀᯒฟ≀ࡀຊᏛⓗ≉ᛶ ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡢࢩ࣑ࣗ ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ &X ᯒฟ≀ࡢศᩓ≧ែ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ➨ ඖ⣲ࡢᙳ㡪ࠊཬࡧࠊከ✀㢮 ࡢࣀ᰾⏕ᡂࢧࢺ㸦㌿ࠊࣛࢫቃ⏺࡞㸧ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡁࡢᯒ ฟᣲືࢆ⥲ྜⓗࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿࡓࡵ 1㸦1XPHULFDO㸧㸫 0RGHO ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿඹࠊ3)0㸦3KDVH)LHOG0RGHO㸧ࢆά⏝ ࡋࠊ㧗⃰ᗘ &X ྜ㔠ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ&X ᯒฟ≧ែ ࡢྍどࢆྍ⬟ࡋࡓࠋ ࣭&DKQ+Llliard ࡢ᰾⏕ᡂ⌮ㄽࡼࡾࠊCu ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⤌ᡂࡸ⃰ᗘ ࣉࣟࣇࣝࡀྜ㔠ࡢࣂࣝࢡ⤌ᡂ౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋࠊྜ 㔠ඖ⣲ࡢຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࠊணഛⓗ࡞᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ࣭Cahn-Hilliard ࡢ㠀⥺ᆺᣑᩓ᪉⛬ᘧࡼࡾࠊࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ Cu ⃰ ᗘࡀ⣧ Cu ࡼࡾప࠸ሙྜࠊࡲࡎࠊࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ୰ᚰ⃰ᗘࡀ⣧ Cu ㏆ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊࡑࢀ⥆࠸࡚ᡂ㛗㸦༙ᚄࡢቑຍ㸧ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࣭Phase-Field ࣔࢹࣝࡽࠊMn,Ni ࡣ Cu ⢏Ꮚ/ẕ┦⏺㠃೫ᯒࡍ ࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࢆ✺ࡁṆࡵࡓࠋ ศᏊືຊᏛἲࡼࡾ&Xᯒฟ≀㌿㸦ล≧㌿ࡽࡏࢇ㌿ 㸧ࡢ┦స⏝࠾ࡼࡧ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢኚᙧࡢ⣲㐣⛬ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᳨ ウࡋࠊࣆࢽࣥࢢ⬟ホ౯ᡭἲࡋ࡚ࠊ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀㸦EFF Ѝ5ЍIFF㸧ࡢᙳ㡪ࡸล≧㌿ࠊࡽࡏࢇ㌿ࡼࡿࣆࢽࣥࢢ⬟ ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝᑐࡍࡿ㐺ษ࡞㌿ᑟධᡭἲࢆຍ ࡋࠊ7(0ほᐹ⤖ᯝ㸦㌿ᯒฟ≀ࡢ┦స⏝㸧ࡢẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ ࠸ࠊEFF&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢᘏᛶྥୖ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢᙉᶵᵓࢆ᫂ࡽ ࡋࡓࠋ ϩ$ 㸳㸬㸰⥲⾲ ⾲㸳㕲⣔ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ㸯ࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚ⥲⾲ ┠ࠉⓗ࣭ពࠉ⩏ 㕲㗰ᮦᩱ࠾ࡅࡿࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟᣲືࡸࢼࣀ㡿ᇦࡢᚤ⣽࡞⢏⏺࣭⏺㠃ᣲືࢆゎ᫂ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤌⧊ࢆไᚚࡍࡿᢏ⾡㛵ࡋᣦᑟཎ⌮࠾ࡼࡧྜ㔠タィ࣭ࣉࣟࢭࢫᢏ⾡ ࡢᇶ┙☜❧ࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾࣜࢧࢡࣝᛶඃࢀࡿ&Xῧຍ㗰࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㧗ᙉᗘ࣭㧗ᘏᛶ࣭㧗ᡂᙧᛶࠊ㧗ಙ㢗ᛶ➼ඃࢀࡓ≉ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࢼࣀไᚚ᪂ୡ௦」┦㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢ 〇ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ ᖺࠉࠉࠉᗘ ◊ࠉ✲ࠉ┠ࠉᶆ 㹆㸯㸱 㹆㸯㸲 㹆㸯㸳 㹆㸯㸴 ࣜࢧࢡࣝᛶඃࢀࡿ&Xῧຍ㗰࠾࠸࡚ 㸬㌾㉁ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚᯒฟࡼࡿศᩓᙉ 㸬⤖ᬗ⢏㉸ᚤ⣽ࡢ┦ຠᯝࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ⤫ྜⓗ࡞⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࢆ☜❧ࡋࠊࢼࣀไᚚ᪂ୡ௦」┦㕲㗰ᮦᩱࢆ〇ࡍࡿࠋ ୰ࠉ㛫ࠉ┠ࠉᶆ 㸦ᖹᡂ㸯㸳ᖺᗘ㸧 㸬ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚ 㸬⢏⏺࣭⏺㠃ไᚚࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᶵᵓゎ᫂ࠊไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢᣦ㔪ࢆᚓࡿࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀࡘ࠸࡚᭱㐺ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ࡓࠊ୰㛫ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆᖹᡂᖺᗘヨࠊᥦฟࡢணᐃࠋ ◊ 㸯㸧ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚศᩓᙉ ✲ 㸰㸧⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽ᙉ ෆ 㸱㸧⤫ྜ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ ᐜ 㸲㸧ᣦᑟཎ⌮ࡢ☜❧ ࢼࣀᯒฟ⣲㐣⛬ᢕᥱ ᚤ⣽⣲㐣⛬ᢕᥱ ᮦᩱ≉ᛶࡢ㛵ಀᢕᥱ ⌧㇟ࡢゎ࣭᫂ኚᙧࠊኚែࠊᯒฟࠊ⤖ᬗᣲືࡢほᐹ 㸦◊✲ᡂᯝ㸧 ≉グ㡯 ᮦᩱ≉ᛶࡢ㛵ಀᢕᥱ ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚ᪉ἲ㛤Ⓨ ᚤ⣽ᶵᵓ ࡢゎᯒ 㹆㸯㸵 ⤫ྜ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ 㸦᪂ࣉࣟࢭࢫᥦࠊ᪂ᮦᩱ〇㸧 ᯒฟࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ࣭Ⅳ⣲ࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸ྜ㔠㛵 ࡋ࡚ࢼࣀࢧࢬ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ᰾ ⏕ᡂᣲືࡸᵓ㐀ኚࢆㄪᰝ ࣭Ⅳ⣲ࢆྵࡴྜ㔠࠾࠸࡚ &XᯒฟᙉࡀⅣ≀ᯒฟᙉ ຍ⟬ࡉࢀࡿᐇࢆ☜ㄆ ᯒฟࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ࣭ࢼࣀࣞ࣋ࣝᯒฟ┦ࡢホ ౯࣭ゎᯒᢏ⾡┠㏵ ࣭)H&Xヨᩱ࡛㸣ᘬᙇ ࡢணࡦࡎࡳ᭷ᮦ࡛ຠ ᗘ ΥࡽᩘQPࢧࢬࡢᚤ⣽ &Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢฟ⌧ࢆ☜ㄆ ࣭PP[PP[PPW ⤌⧊ไᚚࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ࡢᯈࢧࣥࣉࣝヨసࡋࠊᙉ ࣭ṍຍᕤ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡿ㉸ᚤ ᗘᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫ ⣽⢏ࣇ࢙ࣛࢺࡢ⏕ᡂᶵᵓ 㸦76(O㸧㸸㏻ᖖᮦࡢಸ ࢆຍᕤࣇ࢙ࣛࢺࡢ㟼ⓗࡲ ࢆ☜ㄆ ࡓࡣືⓗᅇ࣭⤖ᬗࡢほ Ⅼࡽゎ᫂ ⤌⧊ไᚚࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ࣭ኚᙧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺࡽ ࣭&Xࢼࣀᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ ࡢࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ᰾⏕ᡂᣲືࢆ 㗰࠾࠸࡚ȣP௨ୗࡢ⤖ᬗ ゎ᫂ࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡾࣔࢹࣝྜ ⢏ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㉸⣽⢏㗰ࢆ〇 㔠ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᳨ウࢆ㛤ጞ ࡍࡿᇶᮏ࣓ࢱࣛࢪ࣮ࢆⓎ᫂ ࣭⌧≧᭱ᑠࡢ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣᑠ ࢧࣥࣉ࡛ࣝȣP ࣭ᘬᙇᙉᗘࡢ್᭱㸦◳ࡉ ࡽ᥎ᐃ㸧ࡣ⣙03D ࣭ຠฎ⌮ࡼࡿᇶᆅ ୰ࡢ &X ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚࡢศ ᩓ࡛ࠊࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ㗰 ࠾ࡼࡧ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ 㗰ࡢᙉᗘࢆᖜቑຍ ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓຠฎ⌮ ๓ࡢணṍࡳࡀ &X ࢼ ࣀ⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟࢆಁ㐍ࡍ ࡿࡇࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋ ࣭୕ḟඖࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟ ࣈࡢゎᯒࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ&X ࡀ㐣㣬ᅛ⁐ࡋࡓᅛ ⁐యࡽ &X ⢏Ꮚࡀᯒฟ ࡍࡿ㐣⛬ࢆ㐃⥆ⓗほ ᐹࠋࡲࡓࠊᨺᑕග ; ⥺ 㸦63ULQJ㸫㸧㸫ϱ$)6 ࡼࡾᙉᐤࡍࡿ &X ᯒฟࢆᐃ㔞࡛ࡁ ࡓࠋ 㺏㺣㺧㺖㺵㺛㺞㺃㺣㺧ᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡ )H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠⣔㸦)H &X ヨᩱ㸧 ࣭ணṍࡳࡢᯒฟಁ㐍࣓࢝ࢽ ࢬ࣒ࢆゎ᫂ࠋ ࣭ຠ◳ࡣ EFF㸭IFF 㑄⛣ ࡢ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡀࡢ ᙺࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᢸ࠺ࠋ ࣭ࣆ࣮ࢡຠࡢ &X ᯒฟ≧ែ ࡣ㐃⥆෭༷ᚋࡢ➼ ಖᣢ࡛ ᐇ⌧ྍ⬟ࠋ ᐇ⏝Ⅳ⣲㗰㸦)H& 0Q[&X㸧 ࣭&X ࡛Υຠࡋࡓ㗰 ࡛ &X ᯒฟ⢏ᚄ QP ࢆ㐩ᡂ ࡋ㸪᮶ᮦࡽ 76(O ࢆ ࣭ ಸᨵၿࠋࢭ࣓ࣥࢱࢺ ࡶᚤ⣽ࡍࡿࠋ 㺐㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢࢼࣀᵓ㐀ゎᯒ ࣭QP ௨ୗࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡛ࡣ㌿ ࡣࡏࢇ᩿ࡋ࡚㏻㐣ࡍࡿࡇ ࡀศᏊືຊᏛ 7(067(0 ᳨࡛ドࡉࢀࡓ㸬 㺏㺣㺧㺖㺵㺛㺞㺃㺣㺧ᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡ 㸧ᐇ⏝Ⅳ⣲㗰㸦)H& 0Q[&X㸧 ࣭&X ῧຍ㛤Ⓨ㗰ࡣࠊ&X ↓ ῧຍ㗰ࡼࡾඃࢀࡿᡂᆺᛶ⌧ ⾜㉸㧗ᙉᗘ㗰ᯈྠ➼௨ୖࡢ ࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⁐᥋ᛶ➼࡞㌴య㐺 ⏝ᛶ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࠋ ࣭&X ⢏ᏊࡼࡿỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵ ࣉࡸ )H Ⅳ≀ࡢ⏕ᡂ࣭ᡂ㛗 ᢚไ࡞ࡢࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㛤Ⓨࡢᣦ 㔪࡞ࡿ &X ῧຍຠᯝࡢ▱ぢ ࢆᚓࡓ㸬 㺐㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢࢼࣀᵓ㐀ゎᯒ ࣭QP ௨ୖࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢ ᙉ㔞ࡣ 2URZDQ ᛂຊ࡛ぢ ✚ࡶࡽࢀࠊ㐣ຠᮦ୰ࡢ ᚄ &X ⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦ స⏝ࡼࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉ ࢀࡓࠋ ࣭㌾㉁ &X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿ᪂㗰 ᮦ≉ᛶไᚚᢏ⾡ά⏝࡛ࡀ ࡰ᫂☜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ྜࠉࠉィ ≉ࠉࠉチ ᪂⪺Ⓨ⾲ ㄽࠉࠉᩥ ཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲ እ㒊Ⓨ⾲ᡂᯝ 㸦௳ᩘ㸧 ண⟬㢠 㸦༓㸧㸭ᘏ◊✲㛫㸦㛫㸧㸨 㸨ண⟬㢠࠾ࡼࡧᘏ◊✲㛫ࡣࠊィ⟬⛉Ꮫ㕲⣔ࢆྵࡴࠋ 㸨㸨ணᐃࡶྵࡴࠋ 㻞 㻝 㻠 㻝㻜 ⾲㸴㕲⣔ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ㸰ィ⟬⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔⥲⾲ ࠉ┠ࠉⓗࠉ࣭ࠉពࠉ⩏ ᖺࠉࠉࠉᗘ ◊ࠉ✲ࠉ┠ࠉᶆ 㗰୰ࡢࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮⏕ᡂࡸࢼࣀᯒฟᣲືࠊཬࡧᙉຍᕤࡼࡿ㉸ᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ᙧᡂࡸࡑࡢኚᙧᣲືᑐࡍ ࡿࢩ ࣑ࣗ ࣮ࣞ ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࢆ☜❧ࡋ࡚ࠊࢼ ࣀ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ⤌ᡂᵓ㐀ࢆไᚚࡋࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢタィ〇ࢆᨭࡍࡿࠋ 㹆㸯㸱 㹆㸯㸲 㹆㸯㸳 㹆㸯㸴 㹆㸯㸵 㸬≧ែᅗࠊ⇕ຊᏛࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ☜❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྜ㔠⣔ᡂศඖ⣲ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᯒฟࢧࢬ࠾࠸࡚ᐇ㦂್ࡢㄗᕪࢆ㸣௨ෆ࡛ண ࠋ 㸬㉸ᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ࡢኚᙧ࠾ࡼࡧᙧᡂᶵᵓࡢゎ᫂ண ᢏ⾡ࡢ☜❧ࠋ ୰ࠉ㛫ࠉ┠ࠉᶆ 㸦ᖹᡂ㸯㸳ᖺᗘ㸧 㸬 ኚศἲࠊᣑᩓ᪉⛬ᘧࠊࣔࣥࢸ࢝ࣝࣟἲཬࡧ➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬ࡼࡾࠊࢧࢬࠊᙧែཬࡧศᕸࢆண ࡍࡿ࡞ࠊ㕲㗰ᮦᩱ࠾ࡅࡿࢼࣀᯒฟ≀⏕ᡂ ᣲືࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠋ 㸬 ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ⟬ࢆ㏻ࡌࠊ㕲୰ࡢࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᏳᐃᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿᡭἲ㛤Ⓨࠋ ࢘㸬ศᏊືຊᏛࠊཬࡧࣔࣥࢸ࢝ࣝࣟἲࡼࡾ⤖ᬗ⢏⏺ᙧᡂᶵᵓࡸኚᙧᶵᵓࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠋ 㸯㸧ࢼࣀᯒฟึᮇẁ 㝵ࡢ ゎ᫂ ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮⤌ᡂ㺂࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ⟬ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨ 㸰㸧ࢼࣀᯒฟ≀ࡢࢩ ࣑ࣗ ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ ◊ ࠉ ✲ ࠉ ෆ ࠉ ᐜ 㸱㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ ࡢᏳ ᐃᛶࠊ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ ࣮ホ ౯ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ 㸲㸧㉸ᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ࡢ ኚᙧ ≉ᛶᵓ㐀ኚࡢゎ᫂ ᯒฟ㐍⾜㐣⛬ ࡢࣔࢹࣝ ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࠊࢼࣀᯒฟ㸦ࢧࢬศᕸࠊᐦᗘ➼㸧ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣉ ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨ ➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬ࡢ㕲 ࡢᛂ⏝ ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ⟬ἲࡢ㛤 Ⓨ ¬ ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ⟬ ຍᕤࡼࡿࢼࣀ⤖ᬗ ⢏Ⓨ⏕ࣔࢹࣝ ᙉኚᙧࠊᙉຍᕤࡼࡿᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ࡢኚᙧᶵᵓゎ᫂ࠊຍᕤ ᅇࠊ⤖ᬗࡼࡿෆ㒊⤌⧊ኚࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ ᩚྜ㺃㠀ᩚྜᯒฟ ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ᯒฟᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ࡢ ᵓ㐀㺃ኚᙧᛂ⟅ ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ☢ሙ 㸳㸧ᙉຍᕤࡼࡿ㉸ ᚤ⣽ ⢏⤌⧊ࡢᙧᡂᵓ㐀 ኚ ࡢண ᢏ⾡ࡢ☜❧ ◊✲ᡂᯝ 㻝㻕㻌䛾䝘䝜䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊䚸䝘䝜ᯒฟ 䞉 㻲㼑㻙㻯㼡 ྜ 㔠䛾 㻯㼡ᯒฟ᰾䛻䛚 䛡䜛⁐㉁ ཎ Ꮚ䛾 ⃰ᗘ 䝥䝻䝣䜯 䜲 䝹䜔᰾䛾䝃䜲 䝈 䜢 䝅 䝭䝳 䝺䞊䝖䛩䜛䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䜢㛤Ⓨ 㻞㻕㻌⢏⏺䚸⏺㠃ไᚚ 䞉 ⢏⏺ 䛜 ඃඛⓗ 䛻䛩䜉䜚䜔⛣ ື䜢㉳䛣䛧 䛶㉸ ᚤ⣽ ⢏ከ ⤖ᬗ య 䛾 ኚ ᙧ 䛜 㐍 ⾜ 䛩 䜛䛣 䛸 䛺 䛹䚸ᚤ⣽⢏䛻≉ ᭷䛾 ኚᙧ ᶵᵓ 䜢䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝖䛷䛝䛯䚹 䞉 ຍᕤ 䚸 ⤖ ᬗ㐣 ⛬ 䛻䛚䛡䜛 ள⢏⏺䛾ᣲື䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸ᇶᮏ ⓗ 䛺≉ ᛶ䜢 ⌧ 䛷䛝 䜛䜰 䝹䝂 䝸䝈䝮䜢㛤Ⓨ䛧䛯 ◊✲ண⟬ⓒ ୍⯡ィ ≉ูィ㸸▼Ἔ ≉ูィ㸸࢚ࢿ㧗 ◊✲ᢸᙜ⪅ே ཎⴭㄽᩥᩘ ࡑࡢㄅୖⓎ⾲ᩘ ཱྀ㢌>ᣍᚅ@Ⓨ⾲ᩘ ≉チ>እᅜ@ฟ㢪ᩘ ᪂⪺ሗ㐨➼ᩘ 㻝㻕㻌䝘䝜䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊䚸䝘䝜ᯒฟ 㻸㼍㼚㼓㼑㼞䚷㼟㼏䡄㼣㼍㼞䡐㼦⌮ㄽ䛻䜘䜚 㻯㼡⢏Ꮚ䛾⤌ᡂ䚸䝃䜲䝈䚸ᐦᗘ 䜢䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝖䛩䜛ᡭἲ䜢㛤Ⓨ 㻔䜲㻕㻲㼑୰䛾㻯㼡䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊䛾จ 㞟䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䜢ィ⟬ 㻞㻕㻌⢏⏺䚸⏺㠃ไᚚ 㻔䜴㻕ኚᙧ䛻䜘䛳䛶ㄏ㉳䛥䜜䜛䜰 䝰䝹䝣䜯䝇ᵓ㐀୰䛾⤖ᬗ⏕ᡂ 䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䠄㻲㼕㼚㼚㼕㼟㻙㼟㼕㼚㼏㼘㼍㼕㼞 ከయ䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱䝹䜢⏝䛔䛯 つᶍྂศᏊືຊᏛゎᯒ䠅 㻟㻝㻚㻟 㻙 㻙 㻟㻝㻚㻟 ࠉ㸨ண⟬㢠㸭ᘏ◊✲㛫ࡣࠊࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡㸦㕲⣔㸧ࡢྜ⟬ 㸨㸨ணᐃࡶྵࡴࠋ ࣭ᯒฟ≀࡞ࡿ๓ẁ㝵࡛࠶ ࡿ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢࢧࢬࠊ ⤌ᡂࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ &DKQ㸫+LOOLDUG ⌮ㄽࡼࡗ ࡚ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡋࠊࡉࡽ ࡑ ࢀ ᇶ ࡙ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ /DQJHU 㸫 6FKZDUW] ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺ ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆసᡂࡋ ࡓࠋ 㻤㻣㻚㻢 㻙 㻙 㻤㻣㻚㻢 㺏㺣㺧㺖㺵㺛㺞㺃㺣㺧ᯒฟࡼࡿ⤌⧊ண 㺚㺮㺋㺸㺎㺚㺌㺻 &DKQ㸫+LOOLDUG /DQJHU㸫 6FKZDUW] ࡢィ⟬ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᩚ ഛࠊ⇕㛫ᅽᘏࣉࣟࢭࢫࣔࢹࣝ Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡓࠋ 㺐㺣㺧㺖㺵㺛㺞㺃㺣㺧ᯒฟ᰾⏕ᡂ㺚㺮㺋㺸㺎㺚 㺌㺻 &X ᯒฟ≀ᯒฟᣲືࢆ⥲ྜⓗࢩ ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿࡓࡵ 1 㸦1XPHULFDO㸧㸫0RGHO ࢆ㛤Ⓨ ࡋࠊ3)0㸦3KDVH)LHOG0RGHO㸧 ࢆά⏝ࡋࠊ&X ᯒฟ≧ែࡢྍど ࢆྍ⬟ࡋࡓࠋ 㺏㺣㺧㺖㺵㺛㺞㺃㺣㺧ᯒฟࡼࡿ⤌⧊ண 㺚㺮㺋㺸㺎㺚㺌㺻 ࣭)H ୰ࡢ &X 㺖㺵㺛㺞ࡢจ㞟㺒㺦㺷㺕㺼ィ ⟬ࡼࡗ࡚㺖㺵㺛㺞ࡢ⮬⏤㺒㺦㺷㺕㺼ࡣ ᴟ್ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࢆゎ᫂㸬 ࣭㌿ࡢṍሙࡢ┦స⏝ࢆ⪃ ៖ࡋ࡚᰾⏕ᡂࡢάᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ ࣮ࢆィ⟬ࡋࡓ㸬 㺑㺣㺧㺖㺵㺛㺞㺃㺣㺧ᯒฟ≀ࡢຊᏛ≉ᛶ ࡢᙳ㡪㺚㺮㺋㺸㺎㺚㺌㺻 ศᏊືຊᏛἲࡼࡾ &X ᯒฟ≀ ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ࡼࡿ EFF&X ᯒฟ≀ࡢᘏᛶྥୖᙉᶵᵓࢆ ゎ᫂ࠋ ϩ$ 㸳㸬㸱 ᡂᯝ 㸳㸬㸱㸬㸯 ࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ 㸦ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡ 㸯)H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠⣔ ձ)H&X ྜ㔠ࡢ➼ ຠᯒฟ࠾ࡅࡿணṍࡳࡢᙳ㡪 ձ㸫㸯 ⥴ゝ ᐇ ⏝ 㔠 ᒓ ᮦ ᩱ ࢼ ࣀ ࣓ ࢱ ࣝ ࣉ ࣟ ࢪ ࢙ ࢡ ࢺ 㸦㕲⣔㸧ࢼࣀᯒฟᐇ㦂*U࡛ࡣࠊࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ ⣔ &X ῧ ຍ 㗰 ࡢ &X ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࢱ ࣮ ࡢ ᯒ ฟ ᣲ ື ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊ )H&X ྜ 㔠 ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ 㹼 Υ ࡢ ప ຠ ฎ ⌮ ࡼ ࡿ ◳ ᗘ ኚ ࠊ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ &X ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࢱ ࣮ ࡢ 7(0 $3),0 (;$)6ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゎᯒࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊィ⟬*Uࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ/6ࣔࢹࣝ 1PRGHO ࡼ ࡿ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ᯒฟண ᡭἲࢆά⏝ࡋࠊప ຠฎ⌮࠾ࡅࡿ&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᯒฟ ⣲㐣⛬ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ ࠋ ᮏ ሗ ࿌ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ண ṍ ࡳ ࡼ ࡿ ᯒ ฟ ಁ 㐍 ࡢ ࣓ ࢝ ࢽ ࢬ ࣒ ࢆ ⪃ ᐹ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓࡵࠊணṍࡳ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᑟ ධ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㐣 ✵ Ꮝ ࡢ 㔞 ࢆ 㝧 㟁 Ꮚ ᾘ ⁛ ἲ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ ぢ ✚ ࡶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋࡉࡽࠊᐇ㝿 ࡢ ᯒ ฟ ࡛ ࡣ ㌿ ୖ ᰾ ⏕ ᡂ ࣐ ࢺ ࣜ ࢡ ࢫ ୰ ࡢ ᰾ ⏕ ᡂ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ⢏ ⏺ ୖ ࡢ ᰾ ⏕ᡂࡀ➇ྜࡍࡿ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࠊ 㸱 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ ᰾ ⏕ ᡂ ሙ ྜ ࡢ ィ ⟬ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ ࠊ ᐇ 㦂 ⤖ ᯝ ẚ ㍑ࡍࡿࡇࡼ ࡗ࡚ࠊணṍࡳࡼࡿᯒฟಁ㐍ຠᯝࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋ ձ㸫㸰 ᐇ㦂 ヨᩱ㸦)H&X㸧ࡢᏛ⤌ᡂࢆ 7DEOH ♧ࡍࠋ⇕ᘏ᮲௳࣭෭ᘏ᮲௳ࡣ )LJ ♧ࡋࡓ㏻ࡾ࡛ࠊస〇ࡋࡓ෭ᘏᯈࢆ $U 㞺ᅖẼ୰࡛ ΥPLQ ࡢ⁐యฎ⌮ᚋ㸪Ỉ෭ࡋ ࡓࠋணṍࡳࡣᘬᙇຍᕤ࡛ ࡋࠊΥ㹼Υ㸪PLQ ࡢຠฎ⌮ࢆࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ ࡽࡢヨᩱࡣࠊ㹊᩿㠃ᯈཌ୰ᚰ㒊ࢆ࣐ࢡࣟࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ᗘィ࡚◳ᗘ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ㹖⥺ᅇᢡࣆ࣮ࢡࡢ༙౯ᖜἲࡼࡾ㌿ᐦᗘࢆ ᐃࡋࡓࠋ⏝࠸ࡓ㹖⥺※ࡣ &R 㹉 Ș ⥺ ࡛ ࠊ ⁐ య ࡲ ࡲ ࠊ ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ ண ṍ ࡳ ࡲ ࡲ ࡢ ヨ ᩱ ࡢ ⾲ 㠃 ࢆ ◊ ๐ ᚋ ࢚ ࢵ ࢳ ࣥ ࢢ ࡋ ࡚ ᐃࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢヨᩱࡣేࡏ࡚ⷧ⭷ 7(0 ほᐹࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᯒฟ≀ࢧࢬ࣭㛫㝸ࡢ ᐃࢆ⾜ ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊ㸱ḟඖࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ'$3),0ࡼࡾࠊᚤ⣽࡞ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᯒฟ ᐦᗘ࣭ᯒฟࢧࢬࡢほᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ'$3),0 ᐃࡢヲ⣽ࡣ ❶ጤࡡࡿࠋ ḟ ࠊ ண ṍ ࡳ ࢆ ຍ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᑟ ධ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㐣 ✵ Ꮝ ࡀ ࠊ ≉ ᣑᩓಀᩘ ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿணࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ㌿ࡸཎᏊ✵Ꮝ࡞✵ᏍᆺḞ㝗ࢆ㠀ᖖᩄឤ㸦SSP ࣮࢜ࢲ࣮㸧᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑ ᐃἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ)H&X㸰ඖ⣔ྜ㔠࠾ࡅ ࡿ✵ᏍᆺḞ㝗ᙧᡂཬࡰࡍ &X ῧຍ࠾ࡼࡧணṍࡳࡢຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ㄪࡓࠋ ヨᩱࡣ7DEOH ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ⣧)Hࠊ)H&X࠾ࡼࡧ)H&X࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀண ṍࡳ࡞ࡋࡢヨᩱ ࠾ࡼࡧ ᘬᙇࡢணṍࡳࢆຍࡋࡓヨᩱࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ ᯛࡎࡘ‽ഛࡋࡓࠋ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑ ᐃࡣIDVWIDVWFRLQFLGHQFHV\VWHP㸦㛫ศゎ⬟ ⣙ SV㸧࡛⾜ࢃࢀ ࠊ࢝ࣉࢺࣥ⟩࡛ᐦᑒࡉࢀࡓ 1D⥺※㸦ȣ&L㸧ࢆࡇࢀࡽ ᯛࡢヨᩱ ࡛ࢧࣥࢻࢵࢳࡋ࡚ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝゎᯒࡣ326,7521),7 ࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡓࠋ ձ㸫㸱ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ ձ㸫㸱㸬㸯 ຠ ᗘࡼࡿ◳ᗘୖ᪼ )LJDࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ ᗘ࡛ ศ㛫ຠࡋࡓヨᩱࡢຠ ᗘࡼࡿ◳ᗘࡢኚ ࢆࠊணṍࡳࡢ᭷↓ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋணṍࡳ࡞ࡋᮦࡣࠊΥࡽ◳ᗘୖ᪼ ࡀጞࡲࡾ Υ࡛◳ࡉࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ♧ࡍࠋ୍᪉ࠊணṍࡳ࠶ࡾᮦࡢ᪉ࡣࠊຠฎ⌮๓ࡢணṍ ࡳ ࡲ ࡲ ࡢ ≧ ែ ࡛ ◳ ࡉ ࡀ ࣏ ࣥ ࢺ ⛬ ᗘ 㧗 ࡃ ࠊ ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ ṍ ࡳ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡉ ࡽ ࠊ ϩ$ Υࡽ Υࡅ୍࡚ᗘ◳ᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊΥ௨ୖ࠾࠸࡚ࡉࡽ◳ᗘࡢୖ ᪼ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ◳ࡉࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡣணṍࡳ࡞ࡋᮦྠᵝ Υ࠶ࡾࠊΥ࡛ࡣ◳ ᗘࡀపୗࡋ㐣ຠ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢヨᩱࡢ࠺ࡕࠊΥ㸪Υࡘ࠸࡚ࠊຠ㛫ࡼࡿ◳ࡉࡢኚࢆணṍ ࡳࡢ᭷↓࡛ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ )LJE♧ࡍࠋࡲࡎࠊணṍࡳ࡞ࡋᮦࡣࠊΥ࡛ࡣ ᐃ ࡋࡓຠ㛫࡛ࡣࢇ◳ࡉୖ᪼ࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࠊΥ࡛ࡣ VHF ࡽ ୖ᪼ࡋጞࡵ VHF ࡛᭱◳ᗘ࡞ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊணṍࡳ࠶ࡾᮦࡣࠊΥ㸪Υࡶ VHF ࡽ◳ᗘࡀୖ᪼ࡋࠊΥ࡛ࡣຠ㛫ࢆ㛗ࡃࡋ࡚ࡶ◳ᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡀࡉ࡞࠸ ࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࠊΥ࡛ࡣ VHF ࢆ㉺ࡍࡉࡽୖ᪼ࡋࠊணṍࡳ࡞ࡋᮦྠࡌ◳ᗘ࡞ ࡿࠋ ձ㸫㸱㸬㸰 ㌿ᐦᗘࠊᯒฟ≀ほᐹ⤖ᯝ ࡇࢀࡽࡢヨᩱࡢ㌿ᐦᗘ࣭ᯒฟ≀ศᕸ࣭ࡁࡉࢆほᐹࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㹖⥺ᅇᢡࠊⷧ ⭷7(0ほᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㹖⥺ᅇᢡࣆ࣮ࢡࡢ༙౯ᖜἲࡼࡿணṍࡳ࡞ࡋ㸦⁐యࡲࡲ㸧ᮦࡢ ㌿ᐦᗘࡣࠊ FP ࠊணṍࡳࡲࡲᮦࡣ FP ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊ㌿ᐦ ᗘ ࠊ ㌿ 㛫 㝸 ࠊ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ 7(0 ࡛ ほ ᐹ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࡁ ࡉ ࡢ ᯒ ฟ ≀ ࡢ ⢏ Ꮚ ᚄ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ⢏ Ꮚ 㛫 㝸 ࠊ '$3),0 ࡼ ࡿ ᚤ ⣽ ࡞ ᯒ ฟ ≀ ࡢ ⢏ Ꮚ ᚄ ࠊ ⢏ Ꮚ ᩘ ᐦ ᗘ ࢆ 7DEOH ♧ ࡍ ࠋ ࡞ ࠾ ࠊ ' $3),0ࡣ ᐃࡉࢀࡓ㔪≧ヨᩱࡢయ✚ࡶేࡏ࡚♧ࡍࡀࠊ'$3),0࡛ࡣࠊ7(0࡛ほᐹࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ㌿ 㛫 㝸 ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ⊃ ࠸ 㡿 ᇦ ࡢ ᐃ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࠊ ㌿ ㌿ ࡢ 㛫 ࢆ ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⾲୰ࡢヨᩱࡢⷧ⭷ 7(0 ほᐹ⤖ᯝࡢ௦⾲ࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍࠋ'$3),0 ࡢ ᐃࡣࠊ)LJ ♧ࡍ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ձ㸫㸱㸬㸱 㝧㟁Ꮚᾘ⁛ἲࡼࡿ㐣✵Ꮝࡢぢ✚ࡶࡾ )LJ ྛヨᩱࡢணṍࡳ࡞ࡋᮦணṍࡳ࠶ࡾᮦ㸦㸣ᘬᙇ㸧ࡢᖹᆒ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑȫ P ࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋᅗࡼࡾࠊணṍࡳ࡞ࡋࡢヨᩱࡢᖹᆒ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ SV⛬࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢ್ࡣḞ㝗ࡢ࡞࠸⤖ᬗ㒊࠾ࡅࡿ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑࡢᐇ㦂್ ࡼࡃ୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋ ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊணṍࡳ࡞ࡋࡢ⣧)H࣭)H&Xྜ㔠ࡣࠊ✵ᏍᆺḞ㝗ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ⣧ )H ணṍࡳࢆຍࡋࡓヨᩱ࡛ࡣᖹᆒ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑࡣ SV ࡲ࡛ቑຍࡍࡿࠋ ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ ࠊ ண ṍ ࡳ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ヨ ᩱ ୰ ㌿ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ✵ Ꮝ ࡀ ᑟ ධ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡇ ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲ ࡓࠊ&X ࢆῧຍࡋࡓヨᩱࡢ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ)H&X ྜ㔠ࡢᖹᆒ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑࡣ ⣧ )H ࡢࡶࡢࡰ୍⮴ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ&X ྜ㔠ࡢணṍࡳᮦࡢᖹᆒ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑ ࡣ SV ቑຍࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊከ㔞 &X ࢆῧຍࡋࡓሙྜࡣࠊ㌿࠾ࡼࡧ✵ᏍᆺḞ㝗 ࡀ )H&X ྜ㔠ࡼࡾࡶቑຍࡋࠊḞ㝗ᙧᡂཬࡰࡍணṍࡳࡢᙳ㡪ࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡣࠊ)H&X ྜ㔠࡛ࡣࠊ✵Ꮝ &X ࡀ࣮࣌ࢆస ࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ヨᩱ୰Ḟ㝗ࡀṧᏑࡍࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡉ ࡽ ࠊ &Xྜ 㔠 ࡢ ண ṍ ࡳ ᮦ ࡢ ✵ Ꮝ⃰ᗘࢆぢ✚ࡶࡿࡓࡵࠊຍᕤ⋡ࢆቑຍࡋࡓ ヨ ᩱ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ 㝧 㟁 Ꮚ ᑑ ್ ࡢ ᡂ ศ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࢁ ࠊ 㝧 㟁 Ꮚ ᾘ ⁛ ࡛ ᐃࡉࢀࡓḞ㝗 ᡂศࡢ࠺ࡕ 㸣⛬ᗘࡀ✵Ꮝࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊணṍࡳຍࡼࡾᑟධࡉࢀࡿ✵Ꮝ⃰ᗘࡣࠊ ࠾ࡼࡑ 㹼 DWRPLFFRQFHQWUDWLRQ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ✵Ꮝࡣࠊຠ๓ࡢ ᪼ ⢏⏺ࡸ㌿ᣑᩓࡋ࡚ᾘ⁛ࡍࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ&Xࢺࣛࢵࣉࡉࢀ࡚✵Ꮝ&X࣌ ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚ṧᏑࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ձ㸫㸲 ィ⟬⤖ᯝᐇ㦂್ࡢẚ㍑ ձ㸫㸲㸬㸯 ணṍࡳຍࡼࡿ㌿ᐦᗘ࠾ࡼࡧ㐣✵Ꮝࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ⪃៖ ⁐ య ࡋ ࡚ ᛴ ෭ ࡋ ࡓ ┤ ᚋ ࡸ ᖖ ࡛ ண ṍ ࡳ ࢆ ຍ ࠼ ࡓ ヨ ᩱ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ᖹ ⾮ ⃰ᗘ௨ୖࡢཎᏊ ✵ Ꮝ 9D ࡀ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ ࡇ ࢀ ࡽࡢ㐣✵Ꮝࡣࠊ⌮ㄽⓗࡣᖖ 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⣔ 㐺ᙜ࡞᰾⏕ᡂ ᡂ 㛗 ࡢ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࢆ ࡗ ࡚ ᚤ ศ ᪉ ⛬ ᘧ ࢆ ᩘ ್ ⓗ ゎ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ ᯒ ฟ ᣲືࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿࠋ ⢏⏺ୖ᰾⏕ᡂࡣࠊ)LJ ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞⢏⏺㏆ഐཌࡳࢆᣢࡗࡓ⭷㸦*1=RQH㸧ࢆᐃࡋࠊ ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ྲྀࡾᢅࡗࡓࠋ ¦ R d /2 S Vg 1 (1 T / R ) 3 3 . 35 d dT dt c 1 c 3 3 . 35 D c0 c3 3 T ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ㹢ࡣ⢏ᚄࠊȊ6 ࡣ⥲⢏⏺㠃✚ࠊ7 ࡣ *1=RQH ࡢཌࡳࡢ ࠊ9J ࡣ *1=RQH ࡢ 9ROXPHIUDFWLRQࠊ' ࡣᣑᩓ㏿ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ& ࡣ *1]RQH ࡢᖹᆒ &X ⃰ᗘ࡛ࠊḟᘧ࡛ᑟ ࢀࡿࠋ c 0V g c3 (V g V3 ) c pV3 ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ& ࡣึᮇࡢ&X⃰ᗘࠊ&Sࡣᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ୰ࡢᖹᆒ&X⃰ᗘࠊ9 ࡣ*1]RQH୰ࡢ&Xࢡࣛࢫ ࢱ ࣮ ࡢ 9ROXPH IUDFWLRQ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ⢏ ⏺ ࡢ ᣑ ᩓ ಀ ᩘ ࡣ 4J 㹼 㸦 - 㸧 ࠊ ⏺㠃࢚ࢿ ࣝࢠ࣮ࡣȪ㹼-P ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ௨ୖࡢ᮲௳࡛ࠊΥ࡛➼ ຠࡋࡓணṍࡳ࡞ࡋᮦணṍࡳᮦࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄ࣭⢏Ꮚᐦᗘ 㛫ኚࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝࠊ ḟඖࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣉ㸦'$3),0㸧࠾ࡼࡧ 7(0 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ᐃ ࡉࢀࡓ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄ࣭⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍࠋ ᅗࡼࡾࠊணṍࡳ࡞ࡋࡢ 7(0 ࡛ほᐹࡉࢀࡿᯒฟ≀ࡢ⢏ᚄ௨እࡣࠊィ⟬⤖ᯝࡣᐇ㦂⤖ ᯝࢆࡼࡃ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋணṍࡳ࡞ࡋࡢヨᩱࡢ 7(0 ほᐹ⤖ᯝࡢ┦㐪ࡢ⌮ ⏤ ࡣ ࢃ ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ ࡀ ࠊ య ࡋ ࡚ ࠊ ㌿ ࡀ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ࠊ ᯒ ฟ ࡢ 㛤 ጞ 㛫 ࡀ▷⦰ࡉࢀࠊᡂ 㛗 ࣭ ⢒ ࡶ ▷ 㛫 ഃ ⛣ ⾜ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊ ࣐ ࢺ ࣜ ࢡ ࢫ ୰ ࡣ ࠊ ⢏ Ꮚ ᚄ ࡢᑠࡉ࠸ᯒฟ≀ ࡀᩘከࡃᯒฟࡍࡿࡀࠊᯒฟࡼࡿ &X Ḟஈᒙࡢᗈࡀࡾక࠸ࠊ㌿ୖᯒฟࡋࡓ⢏Ꮚࢆ ྵࡵࡓ࢜ࢫࢺ࣡ࣝࢻᡂ㛗ࡼࡾࠊ࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ୰ࡢ⢏Ꮚࡢᩘࡣ㏿ࡃῶᑡࡍࡿࠋ ձ㸫㸲㸬㸱 ணṍࡳࡼࡿ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ᯒฟಁ㐍ຠᯝ ϩ$ )LJ ࠊணṍࡳᮦணṍࡳ࡞ࡋᮦࡢࠊ&X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ᯒฟࡢ 777 ᭤⥺ࢆィ⟬࡛ồ ࡵࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋᅗࡣࠊᯒฟึᮇẁ㝵ࡢࠊయ✚ศ⋡࡛ ᯒฟࡍࡿ 㛫ࢆࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᅗ୰ࠊΥ௨ୖࡢ᭤⥺ࢆⅬ⥺࡛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ㌿࠶ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ ✵ Ꮝ ࡀ ࠊ ᗘ ୖ ᪼ క ࠸ ᾘ ⁛ 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ᚋ㸪㸪 ࠾ࡼࡧ Υࡢྛ ᗘ ศಖᣢࡋ࡚ຠࡋࡓ㸦)LJ ୰ࡢኴ࠸▮༳࡛♧ ࡍࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸧ࠋ㐃⥆⁐య࣭ຠฎ⌮ࡣ㉥እ⥺࣓࣮ࢪ⅔ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸦㞺ᅖẼࡣ࣮ࣟࢱ ࣮࣏ࣜࣥࣉẼࡢ┿✵㸧ࠋ⁐య ᗘࡢ Υࡲ࡛ ΥV ࡛᪼ ࡋ࡚ ศಖᣢᚋ㸪㸪 ࠾ࡼࡧ Υࡢྛ ᗘࡲ࡛ 㸪 ࠾ࡼࡧ ΥV ࡢྛ෭༷㏿ᗘ࡛㝆 ࡋ࡚㸪ྛ ᗘ࡛ ศ➼ ಖᣢᚋ㸪㉥እ⥺ࣛࣥࣉࡢ㟁※ࢆษࡗ࡚ᨺ෭ࡋࡓࠋ ⇕ฎ⌮ࢆ⤊࠼ࡓヨᩱࡽ㸪ගᏛ㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ࠾ࡼࡧᚤᑠࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ᗘ ᐃ⏝ࡢᯈ≧ヨ ᩱࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ ),0 ⏝ࡢ㔪≧ヨᩱ࠾ࡼࡧ㏱㐣㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾㸦7(0㸧⏝ࡢⷧ⭷ヨᩱࢆస〇 ࡋࡓࠋᚤᑠࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ᗘࡣⲴ㔜 J㸪 Ⅼᖹᆒࡢ್ࡋࡓࠋ㔪≧ヨᩱࡢస〇ࡣ㸪ࡲ ࡎᑠᯈヨ㦂∦ࡽ㛗ࡉࡀ⣙ PP ࡛᩿㠃ࡀ⣙ PP ゅࡢᲬ≧ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ⢒᩿ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢ࣐ࢵ ϩ$ ࢳᲬ≧ࡢヨᩱࢆཌࡳࡀ ࣭P ⛬ᗘ࡞ࡿࡲ࡛⢭ᐦᖹ⾜◊☻ᶵࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᶵᲔ◊☻ࡋࡓࠋḟ ࡇࡢ▷≧ࡢヨᩱࢆ㸪 ᯛࡢࢡࣜࣝᯈᣳࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛ᅛᐃࡋ㸪ᅇ㌿◊☻ᶵࢆ⏝࠸࡚▷ ≧ヨᩱࡢᖜ᪉ྥࢡࣜࣝᯈࡈᶵᲔ◊☻ࡋ㸪᩿㠃ࡀ ࣭P࣭P㸪㛗ࡉࡀ⣙ PP ࡢ⣽⥺ヨᩱࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⣽⥺ヨᩱࡢඛ➃ࢆ㟁ゎ◊☻ࡋ࡚ 27$3 ⏝ࡢ㔪≧ヨᩱࢆస〇ࡋࡓࠋ 㟁ゎ◊☻ࡣ㸪ጞࡵ 㐣ሷ⣲㓟㓑㓟⁐ᾮ࡛యࡀᲬ≧࡞ࡿࡼ࠺⢒◊☻ࢆ⾜࠸㸪 ⥆࠸࡚ගᏛ㢧ᚤ㙾ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪྲྀࡾࡅࡓᚤ⣽㟁ゎ◊☻⏝⨨࡛ඛ➃ࢆ㔪≧ࡋࡓࠋᚤ⣽ 㟁ゎ◊☻ࡣ 㐣ሷ⣲㓟ࣈࢺ࢟ࢩ࢚ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝ⁐ᾮࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ7(0 ⏝ⷧ⭷ヨᩱࡢస〇ࡣ㸪 ᑠᯈヨ㦂∦ࡽ PP ྛ⛬ᗘࡢ㒊ศࢆษࡾฟࡋ㸪ཌࡳࡀ⣙ ࣭P ࡞ࡿࡲ࡛⢭ᐦᖹ⾜◊☻ ᶵࢆ⏝࠸࡚ⷧ∦ࡋࡓࠋⷧ∦ヨᩱࡽȭPP ࡢᯈ≧ヨᩱࢆᡴࡕᢤࡁ㸪ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ㟁ゎ◊ ☻ࡼࡗ࡚✸Ꮝࡋ࡚ⷧ⭷ヨᩱࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿㸪⁐ࡅฟࡋࡓ &X ࡢ╔ࡸ㓟⿕⭷ࡢᙧᡂ ࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡓࡵ㟁ゎ◊☻ᾮ㸦㐣ሷ⣲㓟࣓ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝ㸧ࢻࣛࢫࡢᑠሢࢆᢞධࡋ ࡚㸪ࣂࣈࣜࣥࢢࢆά⏝ࡋ㸪ᾮ ࡣΥ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛పୗࡉࡏࡓࠋ ศᯒ⏝࠸ࡓගᏛᘧ୕ḟඖࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㟁⏺࢜ࣥ㢧ᚤ㙾㸦27$3㸧ࡣ㸪㕲⣔ࢫ࣮ࣃ ࣮࣓ࢱࣝࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢタഛࡋ࡚ᑟධࡋࡓࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭&$0(&$♫〇ࡢගᏛᘧ୕ḟඖࢺ ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㸦2SWLFDO7RPRJUDSKLF$WRP3UREH27$3㸧ࡢ᳨ฟჾࢆ㸪᪤Ꮡࡢ㣕⾜㛫ᆺ ࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡢ࣓ࣥࢳࣕࣥࣂ࣮ྲྀࡾࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⨨ࡢヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣཧ ⪃ᩥ⊩ 㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ27$3ࢆጞࡵࡍࡿࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㟁⏺࢜ࣥ㢧ᚤ㙾 㸦$3),0㸧㸧ࡢヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㏙࡞࠸ࡀ㸪27$3ࡢᇶᮏཎ⌮ࢆ)LJ ♧ࡍࠋ 㟁⏺Ⓨࡼࡗ࡚㔪≧ヨᩱඛ➃ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀࡓཎᏊ㸦࢜ࣥ㸧ࡣࡑࡢ㣕⾜㛫ࡽཎ Ꮚ✀ࡀྠᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ᳨ฟჾ㠃࡛ࡢ⾪✺⨨ࢆ &&' ࣓࡛࢝ࣛィ ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ [\ ᗙᶆࡢ ⨨ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ᪤᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࢜ࣥࡢ⥲ಶᩘࡽ㔪≧ヨᩱ⾲㠃ࡽࡢ㊥ 㞳㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ ] ᗙᶆࡢ⨨ࡀ᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚㸪୕ḟඖⓗ࡞⨨ሗ㸦[\] ᗙᶆ㸧ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡢཎᏊࡀࡢ⨨࠶ࡿࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 27$3ศᯒࡣ௨ୗࡢᡭ㡰࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡎ㸪ヨᩱ ᗘ .࡚1H࢞ࢫ࡛),0ീࢆほᐹࡋࡓࠋ ),0ീࡢほᐹ୰༳ຍ㟁ᅽࢆୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛㸪⾲㠃ࡢ㓟≀ࡸࢼࣀ࣓࣮ࢺ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢲ࣮ࡢ พฝࡀ㟁⏺Ⓨࡼࡗ࡚㝖ཤࡉࢀ㸪ࢫ࣒࣮ࢫ࡞Ύί⾲㠃ࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡀ㸪Ύί⾲㠃ࡀ 27$3ศᯒ࢚ࣜࡼࡾࡶ༑ศࡁࡃᗈࡀࡿࡲ࡛༳ຍ㟁ᅽࢆቑࡉࡏࡓࠋ27$3ศᯒࢆጞࡵ ࡿ๓ࡣ㸪27$3᳨ฟჾࢆ),0࣮ࣔࢻࡋ࡚),0ീࢆほᐹࡋ㸪ศᯒࡉࢀࡿ㡿ᇦࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢᚋ㸪1H࢞ࢫࢆẼࡋ࡚ 3Dࡢ㉸㧗┿✵ࡋ㸪ヨᩱ ᗘࢆ .ࡲ࡛పୗࡉࡏ࡚㸪 ࣃࣝࢫẚ 㸪ࣃࣝࢫ࣮ࣞࢺ N+]࡚27$3ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ㏱㐣㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹࡣ㸪᪥ᮏ㟁Ꮚ〇 -(2/&;㸦ຍ㏿㟁ᅽ N9㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ղ㸫㸱㸬ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ )LJ ✀ࠎࡢຠ᮲௳࡛ࡢᚤᑠࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ᗘࡢኚࢆ♧ࡍࠋ㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘࡀࡁ ࠸Ỉ෭➼ ಖᣢࡢຠ◳᭤⥺㸦ⓑᢤࡁ༳㸧㢮ఝ࡞ࡾ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡຠ᮲௳࡛࠶ ࡿ Υ ศࡢ◳ᗘᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥV ࡛ࡰྠ➼ࡢ್࡞ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪 ຠ ᗘࡀ㧗┠࡛ࡘ෭༷㏿ᗘࡀࡁࡅࢀࡤ㸪㐃⥆෭༷ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ࡶ㐣㣬ᅛ⁐య➼ ຠྠ➼ࡢຠ◳ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥV ࡛ࡣ ຠ◳᭤⥺㸦୕ゅ༳㸧ࡣࡰᖹᆠ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚㸪◳ᗘࡣຠ ᗘṤ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ㐃⥆෭༷ࡢ㐣⛬࠾࠸࡚◳ᗘࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ &X ᯒฟࡀࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛㸪ࡑ ࡢᚋࡢ➼ ಖᣢࡢᙳ㡪ࡀฟ࡞࠸ࡓࡵゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㐣㣬ᅛ⁐యࡢࣆ࣮ࢡຠ᮲௳ࡣ Υ ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪Ỉ෭Υ➼ ಖᣢࡸỈ෭Υ➼ ಖᣢࡣ㸪ளຠẁ㝵࡛࠶ ࡿ㹿 )LJ Ỉ෭➼ ಖᣢ࠾ࡼࡧ㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘ ΥV ࡛ Υ➼ ಖᣢࡢሙྜࡢ 7(0 ┿ࢆ♧ࡍࠋỈ෭Υ ศ࡛ࡣẕ┦ࡣ୍ᵝ࡞ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾఱࡽᯒฟࢆ♧၀ ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢຠ᮲௳࡛ࡣᩘ QP ⛬ᗘࡢ⢏≧ࡢᩬⅬࡀほᐹࡉࢀ ࡿࠋ≉㸪㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘ ΥVΥ ศ࡛ࡣ⢏≧ࡢࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀࡼࡾ୍ᒙ㸪᫂░ ࡛࠶ࡾࡇࢀࡽࡣ &X ᯒฟ≀࡛࠶ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ)LJ ࡽࡣ㸪Ỉ෭Υ ศ࡛ࡣṤ ϩ$ ◳ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ &X ࡣ㐣㣬ᅛ⁐≧ែࡢࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪&X ᯒฟ≀ࡀほ ᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡣᙜ↛࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡋ㸪Ỉ෭Υ ศ㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘ Υ VΥ ศ࡛ࡣࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ᗘ࡛⣙ ࡃࡽ࠸␗࡞ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪7(0 ┿࡛ ࡣṤ┦㐪ࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ㐃⥆෭༷ᮦࡢ࠺ࡀࡴࡋࢁ㸪QP ⛬ᗘࡢ &X ᯒฟ≀ࡀ᫂░ほᐹࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࡃࡽ࠸࡛㸪ࡇࡢࡇࡣ 7(0 ࡛ࡣࡗࡁࡾぢ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ &X ᯒฟ≀ࡣࡶࡣࡸࣆ࣮ࢡຠ ࡢ◳ᗘࢆ࠼ࡿẁ㝵ࢆ㏻ࡾ㉺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣆ࣮ࢡຠ࡛ࡢ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢࡁࡉࡣ㸪㹖⥺ᑠゅᩓࡢ⤖ᯝࡸ),0ほᐹࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ 㹼 QPሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ7(0࡛ࡣIFFᵓ㐀⮳ࡿ㏵୰ࡢ㑄⛣ẁ㝵ࡢ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡘ࠸࡚ほᐹ ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡁࡉࡀ 㹼QP࡛EFFᵓ㐀ࡽ 5ᵓ㐀ኚែࡋ㸪QP௨ୖ࡛ 5ᵓ㐀ࡽ 5 㸦IFF㸧ᵓ㐀ኚែࡍࡿሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ)H&XࡢཎᏊ༙ᚄᕪ㉳ᅉࡍࡿᙎᛶࡦࡎࡳ ࡣࢃࡎ 㸦㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪࠼ࡤ)Hẕ┦ࡢ!᪉ྥ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪᱁Ꮚ㠃㛫㝸 QPࡀ ᯛศ࡛⣙ QP࡞ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢྛ᱁Ꮚ㠃ࡢࡦࡎࡳࡀ ᯛศ✚ࡉࢀࡓࡋ࡚ ࡶ QP㸦$㸧㊊ࡽࡎ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪฿ᗏ㸪࣑ࢫࣇࢵࢺ㌿ࡶධࡽ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡽ 㧗ศゎ⬟ほᐹࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪EFFᵓ㐀ࡢ&Xᯒฟ≀ࢆࡽ࠼ࡿࡇࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ )LJ㹼 27$3 ࡛ゎᯒࡋࡓ &X ཎᏊࡢศᕸ≧ែࢆ♧ࡍࠋ)LJ ࡀỈ෭Υ ศ㸪 )LJ ࡀ㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘ ΥV ࠾ࡼࡧ ΥVΥ ศ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ )LJ ࡀỈ෭Υ ศࡢሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣆ࣮ࢡຠ࠶ࡓࡿỈ෭Υ ศ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀࡰྠ➼ࡢ◳ᗘ࡞ࡿ㐃⥆෭༷㏿ ᗘ ΥV ࡢ &X ཎᏊࡢศᕸ≧ែࡣࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡁࡉࡀ 㹼QP ࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࡀᆒ୍ ศᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪7(0 ┿࡛ࡣ QP ⛬ᗘࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࡀ᫂░ほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡀ◳ᗘࡣࣆ ࣮ࢡຠࡼࡾࡶపୗࡋ࡚࠸࡚㐣ຠ≧ែ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘ ΥV ࡢ &X ཎᏊࡢศᕸ≧ែࡣ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡຠࡢࡑࢀẚ࡚ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢಶᩘࡀῶࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪QP ⛬ ᗘࡢࡁ࡞ &X ⢏Ꮚࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀከࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࣆ࣮ࢡຠẚ࡚ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢಶᩘࡣ༑ศࡢ୍⛬ᗘ㸪ࡁࡉࡣಸ⛬ᗘࡢኚ࡛࠶ࡿࠋளຠẁ㝵࡛࠶ࡿỈ෭ Υ ศࡢ &X ཎᏊࡢศᕸ≧ែࡣ㸪㐣㣬ᅛ⁐యࣆ࣮ࢡຠࡢ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ ែ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪)LJ ୰ࡢ▮༳࡛♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࣆ࣮ࢡຠࡢሙྜྠᵝ࡞ QP ࡃࡽ࠸ࡢ &X ⢏ Ꮚࡀぢࡘࡿ㠃㸪ᅗ୰ࡢ༳ࡢ㡿ᇦぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡁࡉࡀ㹼QP ㊊ࡽࡎࡢ &X ࢡࣛ ࢫࢱ࣮ࡀ࠸ࡓࡿࡇࢁ⏕ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡶぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪&X ⢏Ꮚ㸦&X ࢡࣛࢫ ࢱ࣮㸧ࡁࡉࡣࣆ࣮ࢡຠࡢ༙ศ௨ୗ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ಶᩘࡣཝᐦࡣᐃ⩏࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀᩘ༑ ಸ⛬ᗘ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍㐃ࡢᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡽồࡵࡓᩘᐦᗘ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢࡁࡉ㛵ࡍࡿᐃ㔞 ⓗ࡞ሗࢆ 7DEOH ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪ຠ◳᭤⥺ &X ࡢᯒฟ≧ែࢆ㛵㐃ࡅࡓᶍᘧᅗ ࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍࠋ ղ㸫㸲㸬㆟ㄽ 㸯㸧㐃⥆෭༷࡛ࡢ &X ᯒฟ 㐣㣬ᅛ⁐యࢆ➼ ಖᣢࡋࡓࡢ&Xᯒฟࢆ777ᅗ࡛㸪㐃⥆෭༷ࡢሙྜࡢ&Xᯒฟࢆ&&7ᅗ ࡼࡾ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ)LJ ᮏ3-ࡢィ⟬⛉Ꮫ*Uࡼࡗ࡚ィ⟬ࡉࢀࡓ777ᅗ㸦ᯒฟ㔞 㸧࠾ ࡼࡧ&&7ᅗ㸦ᯒฟ㔞 ࠾ࡼࡧ 㸧ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡎ㸪777ᅗὀ┠ࡍࡿ➼ ಖᣢ㛫 ศ㸦V㸧ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸦ᯒฟ㔞 ࡢ㸧ᯒฟࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡢࡣ Υ௨ୗ㸪Υ௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࡀࢃࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࡇࡢ ᗘ⠊ᅖ௨እ࡛ࡣ₯అᮇࡢ㛫ȫࡀ ศ௨ୖ࡞ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪Υ ศಖᣢ࡛ࡣᯒฟࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࠋཝᐦゝ࠼ࡤ㸪ᯒฟ㔞 ࡲ࡛ࡢ ᯒฟࡀ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪≧ែᅗࡽணࡉࢀࡿᯒฟ㔞ࡣ ⛬ᗘ࡞ࡢ ࡛ᯒฟ㔞ࡣ ‶ࡓ࡞࠸≧ែ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ṥᯒฟࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ゝࡗ࡚ᕪࡋᨭ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ ḟ&&7ᅗ╔┠ࡍࡿ㸪෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥVࡢሙྜࡣ Υ࡛ᯒฟࡀ㛤ጞࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ ࡽ Υࡢ➼ ಖᣢࡲ࡛ࡣࢃࡎ V࡛฿㐩ࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪㐃⥆෭༷ࡋ࡚ࡶᐇ㉁ⓗࡣỈ෭ ➼ ຠྠࡌࡔࡅࡢᯒฟ㔞ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦777ᅗ࡛ࡢȫࡣ㹼 ศࡃࡽ࠸࡛࠶ ࡾ➼ ಖᣢ ศࡢ᭱ึࡢ ศࡣᯒฟࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸧ࠋ୍᪉㸪Υ࡛ࡣ777࡛ࡣ₯అ ϩ$ ᮇෆࡢࡓࡵᯒฟࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪&&7࡛ࡣ 㸺ࡣᯒฟࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࢃࡎ◳ࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪)LJ ♧ࡋࡓ◳ᗘࡢኚᩚྜࡍࡿࠋΥ࡛Ỉ෭➼ ಖᣢࡢ᪉ࡀ㐃 ⥆෭༷ᮦࡼࡾࡶ◳ᗘࡀࢃࡎ㧗࠸ࡢࡣ㸪ᚋ⪅࡛&X⢏Ꮚ㸦ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮㸧ࡢ⏕ᡂࡀࢃࡎ ᑡ࡞࠸ࡽ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣᐃᛶⓗࡣ✵Ꮝ⃰ᗘࡢᕪࡼࡿࡶࡢ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Ỉ෭ᮦ࡛ࡣ Υ࡛ࡢ⇕ᖹ⾮✵Ꮝ⃰ᗘศࡀ⤖ࡉࢀࡿࡢᑐࡋ࡚㸪㐃⥆෭༷ᮦ ࡛ࡣ Υ࡛ࡢ⇕ᖹ⾮⃰ᗘศ࡞ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤖✵Ꮝࡣ)H࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ&Xࡀᐜ᫆ᣑᩓ࡛ ࡁࡿ ᗘࡶࡕࡁࡓࡉࢀࢀࡤ㸪)H࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ&Xࡢ⛣ືకࡗ࡚ࡍࡄᾘ⁛ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿࡽ㸪ຠ ᗘࡀ㧗࠸&X⢏Ꮚ㸦ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮㸧ࡢ⏕ᡂᑐࡍࡿಁ㐍ຠᯝࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㏫ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪ຠ ᗘࡀప࠸ຠᯝࡣࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢຠᯝࡣ)H࠶ࡿ࠸ ࡣ&Xࡢᣑᩓ㊥㞳ࡢවࡡྜ࠸࡛Ỵࡲࡿࡢ࡛㸪ຠ ᗘࡀప࠸ሙྜࡣᩘཎᏊ㊥㞳⛬ᗘࡢ &Xࡢจ㞟 㸧 㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⏕ᡂಁ㐍⛬ᗘࡋຠ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥVࡢሙྜࡣ Υ࡛ᯒฟ㛤ጞ࡞ࡾ㸪෭༷୰ Υ฿㐩ࡲ࡛ᯒฟ㔞 ࡣ 㸦ࣇࣝᯒฟ㸧㐩ࡍࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᅇ➼ ಖᣢタᐃࡋࡓ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸ ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ Υࡲ࡛ࡰ㔞ࡀᯒฟࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪Υ௨ୗࡢ➼ ಖᣢ࡛ࡣ ᗘࡼࡽ ࡎ㏣ຍࡢᯒฟࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡞ࡾ㸪෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥVࡢሙྜࡣ◳ᗘࡣຠ ᗘ Ṥ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡇᩚྜࡍࡿࠋ 㸰㸧&X ᯒฟ≧ែ◳ᗘ㸦ᙉᗘ㸧ࡢ㛵ಀ 7DEOH ࠾ࡼࡧ)LJ ࡲࡵࡓࡼ࠺㸪ຠ◳᭤⥺ࡢ◳ᗘ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟ≧ែࡀ ᑐᛂ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓࠋ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᩘᐦᗘࡣளຠẁ㝵࡛ࡢ&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮≧ែࡶྵࡵࢀࡤ㸪ள ຠẁ㝵࡛ࡢ P ࡽࣆ࣮ࢡຠẁ㝵ࡢ P ࢆ⤒࡚㸪㐣ຠẁ㝵ࡢ P ⮳ࡿࠋࡇ ࡢ㸪&X⢏Ꮚ㸦ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮㸧ࡢࢧࢬࡣ㸪ளຠẁ㝵࡛ QP௨ୗ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡຠẁ㝵࡛⣙ QP㸪㐣ຠẁ㝵࡛ࡣ QP⛬ᗘࡢࡶࡢࡀ㸦ྜయจ㞟ࡋ࡚㸧ῶᑡࡋ௦ࢃࡗ࡚ QP௨ୖࡢࡶࡢ ࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᩘᏐࢆᯒฟᙉࡢ㌿ㄽᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠋཎᏊ ༙ᚄᕪ㉳ᅉࡍࡿ᱁Ꮚࡦࡎࡳሙ࡛ᯒฟᙉ㸦ࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊࡢቑຍศ 'W 㸧ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡍࡿ㸪 ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࣑ࢫࣇࢵࢺࣔࢹࣝ㸦ࡏࢇ᩿ࣔࢹࣝ㸧ࡣḟᘧ࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿ㸧ࠋ 3 'W㸻G H 2 f r b 㸦㸯㸧 ࡇࡇ࡛㸪 G ࡣ๛ᛶ⋡㸪 H ࡣᙎᛶࡦࡎࡳ㔞㸪 f ࡣᯒฟᙉ⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚ศ⋡㸪 r ࡣᯒฟᙉ ⢏Ꮚࡢ༙ᚄ㸪 b ࡣࣂ࣮࣮࢞ࢫ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࡢࡁࡉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑦ㸪ࡇࡢᘧࡀ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿᯒฟᙉ ⢏Ꮚࡢ⮫⏺༙ᚄ rc ࡣ b / H ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡇࡢࡁࡉ௨ୗࡢᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸦㸯㸧ᘧࡀ ᡂࡾ❧ࡘࡉࢀࡿࠋయ✚ศ⋡ f ࡣᯒฟᙉ⢏Ꮚࡢᩘᐦᗘ N v ᯒฟᙉ⢏Ꮚࡢ ಶ࠶ࡓࡾ ࡢయ✚ࢆࡅࡓᙧ࡛᭩ࡅࡿࡢ࡛㸦㸯㸧ᘧࡣ㸪 'W㸻2.0 G b H 3 2 r 2 Nv 㸦㸰㸧 ࡞ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᯒฟᙉࢩࣟࡣ㸪⢏Ꮚࢧࢬࡀ⮫⏺༙ᚄࡼࡾࡶᑠࡉ࠸㛫࡞ࡽࡤࢧ ࢬࡢ㸰࡛ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ᩘᐦᗘࡢ㸯㸭㸰࡛ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ)H&X ࡢሙྜ㸪 b QP㸪 H ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ㸪 rc QP ࡞ࡾᮏᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡣࡇࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ㆟ㄽ࡛ ࡁࡿ⠊ᅖෆ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪QP ⛬ᗘ༙ᚄ࡞ࡽ QP ⛬ᗘࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࡀ⏕ᡂࡋࡓẁ㝵࡛㐣ຠ ࡞ࡗ࡚ᙉࢩࣟࡀῶᑡࡋࡣࡌࡵࡿࡢ࡛㸪㸦㸰㸧ᘧࡀ࠼࡞࠸ࡇࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲ ࡓ㸪ᩘᐦᗘࡀ㸯ࢣࢱࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡾᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓ㸪⢏Ꮚࡢࢧࢬࡀ༙ศ࠶ࡿ ࠸ࡣಸ࡞ࡿ㸪๓⪅ࡀ㸯㸭㸰࡛㸪ᚋ⪅ࡀ㸰࡛ຠ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛యࡋ࡚ࡣṤ ᕪࡀ࡛࡞࠸࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢ◳ᗘࡣࡁࡃኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡇࡢⅬ࡛ࡶ ࡏࢇ᩿ࣔࢹࣝࡀ㐺⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ H ࡀ㸪 ᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢ᪉ࡀ◳ࡃ࡚㌾ࡽ࠸ẕ┦ࡢ᪉ࡀṍࡲࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺௬ᐃ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ 㛵ಀࡍࡿࡢࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ&Xࡢࡼ࠺㌾㉁࡞⢏Ꮚࡀ)H୰ศᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡣ㸪㌿ ϩ$ 㐠ືࡢᢠ࡞ࡿࡇ⮬యࡣᐜ᫆ീ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪◳࠸⢏Ꮚᑐࡋ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓ ࣔࢹࣝྠࡌࣔࢹࣝࡀ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࠺ࡣ࡛᫂㸪ࡴࡋࢁࡃ㐪ࡗࡓᶵᵓ࡛㌿ࡢ㐠 ືࢆጉᐖࡍࡿീࡉࢀࡿࠋ)LQH,VKHLPࡣ)H&Xྜ㔠ࡢᯒฟᙉᶵᵓࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋ㸪 㸦ࡇࡇ࡛♧ࡋࡓࡢྠࡌ㸧࣑ࢫࣇࢵࢺᙉ㸪⛉Ꮫⓗ┦స⏝ࡼࡿᙉ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ๛ᛶ ⋡ᕪࡼࡿᙉࡣࢀࡶࡓࡿᅉᏊࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡣࡎࡔ㸪㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚㎺ࡾ ╔࠸ࡓ⤖ㄽࡣ㸪ࠕ㌿ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ㝿㸪EFFᵓ㐀ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᒁᡤⓗIFF㢮ఝࡋ ࡓᵓ㐀㸦࠼ࡤ 5ᵓ㐀㸧͆ኚែࡉࡏࡿ͇㝿ࡢࡀᙉࡢᅉᏊ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ᥎ᐹࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆᶍᘧⓗᥥࡅࡤ㸪)LJ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢ᥎ㄽࢆᮏᐇ㦂⤖ᯝᙜ ࡚ࡣࡵ࡚ࡳࡿ▩┪ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ளຠẁ㝵㸦Ỉ෭Υ ศ㸧ࡢ 㹼QP㸦༢⬊ 㹼 ಶศ㸧ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡣ࿘㎶ẕ┦ࡢ༊ูࡀ᫂☜࡛࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪㌿ ࡛ࡏࢇ᩿ࡉࢀ࡚ࡶ᱁ᏊḞ㝗ࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡓࡾ㸪㌿࣮ࣝࣉ➼㢮ఝࡋࡓᵓ㐀ࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡿ ࡼ࠺࡞ⱝᖸࡢࡔࡅ࡛㸪IFFࡢࠕኚែࠖࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉㸪㐣ຠẁ㝵㸦㐃⥆෭༷ ㏿ᗘ ΥV㸧ࡢ QPࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡣࡍ࡛IFF࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪㌿ࡀ㏻㐣ࡋ࡚ࡶEFFЍ IFFࡢኚែࡋ࡚ࡣᐤࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪IFFЍKFSࡢ✚ᒙḞ㝗ᙧᡂࡀ㉳ࡇࢀࡤ㸪ⱝᖸ ࡢࡣ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᑡࡋࡣᙉᐤࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ᥎ㄽࡣࡶࡗ ࡶࡽࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᐇ㦂ⓗ࡞ドᣐࢆࡘࡴࡢࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡ ຠ≧ែࡢ)H&Xࢆኚᙧࡉࡏ࡚㸪ኚᙧࡢ๓ᚋ࡛ࡔࡗࡓ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᵓ㐀ࡀEFFࡽIFFኚࢃ ࡗࡓࡇࢆ♧ࡏࡤ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺EFFᵓ㐀ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡣ7(0࡛ࡣほᐹ࡛ࡁ ࡞࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ27$3ࡶಶࠎࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࢆ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿཎᏊ⨨ࢆṇ☜Ỵ ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡣศගἲࡸᅇᢡἲࡼࡗ࡚ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡢኚࢆ ᤊ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛㸪(;$)6ࡸ୰ᛶᏊᅇᢡ➼ࡀ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢁ࡛㸪 ࡇࡢ᥎ㄽࡢጇᙜᛶࡣ௨ୗࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡶホ౯࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋEFF&X⢏Ꮚࡀ୍᪦㸪IFFኚែࡋ ࡓࡽ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ&XࡢᏳᐃᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡑࡢࡲࡲIFF࡛࠶ࡾ⥆ࡅࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪୍ ᗘኚᙧࡉࡏࡓࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦࡣᗘ┠௨㝆ࡢኚᙧ࡛ࡣ㸪୍ᗘ┠ࡢኚᙧᢠࢆ♧ࡉ࡞࠸㸪 ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪㌿ࡢቑṪࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡇࡼࡿຍᕤ◳ࡣ⏕ࡌࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ ࠺ࡀ㸪◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡀ⮬㌟ࡢ࿘ࡾ㌿ࡢࢱࣥࢢࣝࢆసࡗ࡚ࡼࡾ୍ᒙᙉᐤࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ ࡣᑐ↷ⓗ㸪୍ᗘࡏࢇ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ&X⢏Ꮚࡣᙉ⬟ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪⧞㏉ࡋኚᙧ࡛ ࡢຍᕤ◳ࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪⧞㏉ࡋኚᙧ࡛ࡢຍᕤ◳ᣲືࢆ㏣ ㊧ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࡇࡢ᥎ㄽࡢጇᙜᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ㸪᳨ド࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ղ㸫㸳㸬⤖ㄽ )H&X ⣔ྜ㔠࠾ࡅࡿࢼࣀ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟᣲື㛵ࡋ࡚㸪㐃⥆෭༷ᕤ⛬ࡀ &X ᯒฟཬࡰ ࡍᙳ㡪ࢆᇶ♏ⓗ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪⁐యฎ⌮ЍỈ෭ࡋࡓ㐣㣬ᅛ⁐యࢆ➼ ຠࡋࡓ ሙྜ㸪⁐యฎ⌮ ᗘࡽຠ ᗘࡲ࡛㐃⥆෭༷ࡋ࡚➼ ಖᣢࡋࡓሙྜࡢ &X ᯒฟᣲື ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ㄪ௨ୗࡢ⤖ㄽࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ xỈ෭ᚋ➼ ຠࡋࡓሙྜ᭱ࡶຠ◳ࡉࢀࡓࠋ x㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘࡀᑠࡉ࠸㸪ຠ◳㔞ࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ x㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥV ௨ୖ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪Ỉ෭➼ ຠࡰྠ➼ࡢຠ◳ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ x㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥV ࡢሙྜ㸪෭༷୰㉳ࡇࡿ &X ᯒฟࡢࡓࡵ㸪➼ ಖᣢࡋ࡚ࡶ᭷ ຠ࡞ຠ◳ࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪෭༷୰㉳ࡇࡿ &X ᯒฟ࡛㸪+Y ⛬ᗘࡣ◳ ࡍࡿࠋ xளຠᮦࡣࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦẚ࡚㸪&X ⢏Ꮚࡢࡁࡉࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࡀ㸪&X ⢏Ꮚࡢᩘᐦᗘࡣ୍ ᱆௨ୖࡁࡗࡓࠋ x༑ศ࡞ຠ◳ࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥVࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶ㸪⢏ෆࡣ㹼QP ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡀ P⛬ᗘࡣᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂ࣭ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ xࢼࣀ &X ⢏Ꮚࡀࠕᯒฟᙉࠖᐤࡍࡿཎᅉ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡲࡔ㆟ㄽࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ϩ$ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 㸧 ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮࣓ࢱࣝ + ᖺᗘᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩㸪-5&0 㸧 0.0LOOHU$WRPSUREHWRPRJUDSK\$QDO\VLVDWWKHDWRPLFOHYHO.OXZHU $FDGHPLF3OHQXP3XEOLVKHUV1HZ<RUN 㸧 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ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ࠊࣖࣥࢢ⋡ࡢኚࠊ࣓ࢫࣂ࣮࢘ ;$)6ࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾEFFᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘ࡛ࡢᖹᆒᯒฟ≀⢏ᚄࡣࠊ),0࡛ QPࠊ୰ᛶᏊࡢ ᑠゅᩓ ᐃ࡛ࡣ QPሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㐣ຠ࡛ࡣ᭱⤊ⓗIFFᵓ㐀ኚࡍࡿࡀ㺂 ㏵୰ẁ㝵࡛ࡣ୰㛫ⓗ࡞⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ኚࡍࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㧗ศゎ⬟7(0࡛ࠊࣆ࣮ ࢡᙉᗘᚋ࡛ࠊᯒฟ≀ࢧࢬࡀ QP௨ୖ࡞ࡿ 5ᵓ㐀࡞ࡾ㺂QP௨ୖ࡛ࡣ 5ᵓ㐀ኚ ࡍࡿࡇࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀక࠸㺂⏺㠃ࡢᩚྜᛶࡶపୗࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏࣉࣟࢪ ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ୍㒊᳨࡛ウࡉࢀࡓ1PRGHOࡢィ⟬࡛ࡣࠊaQP࡛EFFЍIFFᵓ㐀ኚࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ ᥎ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ኚࡣࠊᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛㺂ᵓ㐀ኚࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ᮲௳ࡢᢕᥱࡣ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞ࡿࠋ ;$)6ࡣᯒฟ≀ࡢᵓ㐀ゎᯒࡀྍ⬟࡞ホ౯ἲࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ ຠ୰ࡢEFFЍIFFᵓ㐀ኚᣲືࡢホ౯᭷ຠ࡞᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᩥ⊩࡛ࡢ;$)6ホ ౯࡛ࡣࠊࣆ࣮ࢡຠ࡛ࡣᇶᮏⓗEFFࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㺂 ࣉࣟࣇ୍ࣝ㒊ࡢࢀࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ࡞EFF࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᮏ◊✲ ࡛ࡣࠊᨺᑕග63ULQJ ࡢ;$)6ࡼࡿ㗰୰&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᵓ㐀ኚࢆホ౯࡛ࡁࡿᡭἲࡢ᳨ ウࢆࠊࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ⣔)H&Xྜ㔠࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ճ㸫㸰㸬ᐇ㦂᪉ἲ ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࠾࠸࡚ -)( ࢫࢳ࣮࡛ࣝస〇ࡉࢀࡓඹ㏻ヨᩱ࡛࠶ࡿࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ⣔ )H &X ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋ;$)6 ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓヨᩱࡢຍᕤ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳ࢆ 7DEOH ♧ࡍࠋ ;$)6 ᐃᐇ㦂ࡣࠊ㸦㈈㸧㧗㍤ᗘග⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ㸫ࠊᆺࢩࣥࢡࣟࢺࣟࣥᨺᑕග ᐇ㦂タ63ULQJ࣭%/%㸦Ẹ㛫 ♫ࡀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⏘ᴗ⏝ᑓ⏝ࣅ㸫࣒ࣛࣥᘓタ ⏝ඹྠయࡢࢧࣥࣅ㸫࣒㸧ࡢ;$)6ᐇ㦂⨨㸦)LJ ཧ↷㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ[[PPࡢᯈ ᮦࢆࢧࣥࣉࣝࡋ࡚⏝ࡋࡓࡀࠊ㞟ග࣑ࣛ㸫ࡼࡾࣅ࣮࣒ᚄࡣ⣙ȭPPᩚᙧࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ ┤ᚄ⣙ PPࡢ⌫≧ࡢయ✚ࡽࡢሗࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋ౪ヨᮦ୰ࡢ&Xࡣ 㸣ᚤ㔞ࡢⅭࠊ⺯ ග;⥺㔞ἲࡼࡿ;$)6 ᐃࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋ ᐃࡣᖖ ࡛&Xࡢ.྾➃ ᐃࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ&Xࡢ. Ș ⥺ ࡢ ᳨ ฟ ࡣ ࣛ ࢺ ࣝ ᳨ ฟ ჾ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ ࠋ ゎ ᯒ ࡣ ,;6,QWHUQDWLRQDO ;$)6 6RFLHW\࡛ዡບࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿග㟁Ꮚከ㔜ᩓ⌮ㄽࡼࡿ;$)6ࢩ࣑ࣗࣞ㸫ࢩࣙࣥࢯࣇࢺ )())㸧 ᵓ㐀ࣃ࣓ࣛ㸫ࢱࡽཎᏊᗙᶆࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿࢯࣇࢺ$7206㸧 ࠊࡇࢀࡽ㸰ࡘࡢ ࢯࣇࢺࣜࣥࢡࡋ୍࡚㐃ࡢ;$)6ゎᯒࡀྍ⬟࡞ࢯࣇࢺ:LQ;$6ࡢ⤌ྜࡏࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋ ճ㸫㸱㸬ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ )LJ ග㟁Ꮚࡢከ㔜ᩓ⌮ㄽࡼࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥồࡵࡓ㗰୰ &X ࡢ . ྾➃ ㏆ഐࡢࣉࣟࣇࣝ㸦;$1(6㸧ࢆ♧ࡍࠋᐇ ࡢ IFF&X ࣉࣟࣇࣝࡣᅛ⁐ &X ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ EFF&X ࡣࣉࣟࣇࣝᙧ≧ࡀ␗࡞ࡾࠊ≉ NH9 ࠾ࡼࡧ NH9 ㏆ഐ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ࣆ ࣮ࢡࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽࠊNH9 ࡛ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ㧗ࡉ NH9 ㏆ഐࡢࣉࣟࣇ ࣝᙧ≧࡛ࠊຠᣲືࡢゎᯒࡀ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊEFF&X ᯒฟࡣ EFF ࡢ 㕲࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫᅛ⁐≧ែࡰྠࡌࣉࣟࣇ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ༊ูࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇࡶ᫂ ☜♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ )H&X ࡢணṍᮦ࠾ࡼࡧணṍ࡞ࡋᮦྛ✀᮲௳࡛ຠฎ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ ;$)6 ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍࠋNH9 ㏆㎶ࡢࣉࣟࣇࣝᙧ≧ࡀ᮲௳ࡼ ϩ$ ࡾ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋྛ ᗘ࡛ ศ㛫ຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓࡢ◳ࡉኚࢆ )LJ ♧ ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊᩥ⊩⤖ᯝྠᵝ Υ௨ୖࡢຠฎ⌮࡛◳ࡉࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿࠋຠ ᗘ NH9 ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘࡢ㛵ಀࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡶ Υ௨ୖ࡛ࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘࡀࡁ ࡃୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ)LJ ࡢ◳ࡉኚࡢᣲືఝࡓഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡽࠊ⁐ యࡲࡲᮦࡽࡢ◳ࡉୖ᪼Ǽ+Y NH9 ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘࢆࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓࡇࢁࠊ)LJ ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ㐣ຠᮦࢆ㝖ࡁࠊຠ◳ࡉᣲື NH9 ࣆ࣮ࢡ㧗ࡉẚ㍑ⓗࡼ࠸┦㛵 ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽࠊ;$)6 ࡛ ᐃࡉࢀࡓ NH9 ࣆ࣮ࢡ࡛ຠ◳ᣲືࡀゎᯒ ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ㐣ຠᮦࡀࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢഴྥ␗࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊNH9 ࣆ ࣮ࢡ㧗ࡉࡣࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⏕ᡂ࣭ᡂ㛗ᣲືࢆ♧ࡍࡀࠊ◳ࡉࡣ㐣ຠᮦ࡞ࡿࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ ࡀ⢒ᡂ㛗ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ◳ࡉࡀୗࡀࡗࡓࡓࡵ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ)LJ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㹼NH9㎶ࡾࡢࣉࣟࣇࣝࡣࠊࢇࡀEFF&Xࡸ ᅛ⁐ྠᵝࡢᙧ≧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㺂Υ࡛ຠฎ⌮ࡉࢀࡓ㐣ຠᮦ࡛ࡣᖹᆠ࡞ࣉࣟࣇࣝ ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ㐣ຠᮦ࡛࡞ࡐࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᖹᆠ࡞ࣉࣟࣇࣝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࡢࢆ௨ୗ࡛⪃ ᐹࡍࡿࠋ㐣ຠᮦࡣඛ㏙ࡓࡼ࠺&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢࢇࡀIFFᵓ㐀࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ ᅛ⁐㝈௨ୗࡢᅛ⁐&XࡶඹᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ)LJ ᅛ⁐ࠊEFFࠊIFF&X࡛ᚓ ࡽࢀࡿࣉࣟࣇࣝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㹼NH9࡛ᅛ⁐&XIFF&Xࡢࣉࣟࣇࣝࡢ พฝࡀࡰ㏫ࡢഴྥࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ;$)6 ᐃࢆࡍࡿ㝿ࠊヨᩱ୰ᅛ⁐ࠊ IFFࡢ㸰ࡘࡢ≧ែࡀඹᏑࡍࢀࡤࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ≧ែࡢ&XཎᏊࡽಙྕࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊᚓࡽࢀ ࡿ;$)6ࣉࣟࣇࣝࡣᅛ⁐ࠊIFFࡢࣉࣟࣇࣝࢆ࠶ࡿྜ࡛ྜᡂࡋࡓᙧ≧࡞ࡿࠋ㐣 ຠᮦ࡛ 㹼NH9㎶ࡾᖹᆠ࡞ࣉࣟࣇࣝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊඹᏑࡍࡿᅛ⁐&X IFF&Xࡢࣉࣟࣇࣝพฝࡀࡰ㏫࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࣆ࣮ࢡࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀᡴࡕᾘࡋ࠶࠸ᖹᆠ ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᐇ㝿㐣ຠᮦ࡛ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵᵓࡼࡗ࡚ᖹᆠ࡞ࣉࣟࣇࣝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀጇ ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᅛ⁐ࠊIFF&Xࣉࣟࣇࣝࡢྜᡂࡼࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ)LJ ィ⟬ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡀࠊࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡶ㐣ຠᮦ࡛ᐇ ࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞ 㹼NH9㎶ࡾࡀᖹᆠ࡞ࡿࣉࣟࣇࣝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢࣉ ࣟࣇࣝࡣᅛ⁐&XIFF&Xࡢࣉࣟࣇࣝࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ ᑐ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ᑐ ࡛ྜ ᡂࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣉࣟࣇࣝࡢྜᡂྜ&X⃰ᗘᑐࡋ࡚ࡢᐃ㔞ᛶࡣ⌧≧ࠊཝᐦ ࡣㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊྜᡂྜ&X⃰ᗘࡀᑐᛂࡍࡿ௬ᐃࡍࢀࡤᅛ⁐&Xࡀ a࠸࠺ࡇ ࡞ࡿࠋヨᩱ୰ࡢ&Xྵ᭷㔞ࡀ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆࡩࡲ࠼ࡿ Υ ศฎ⌮ࡋࡓ㐣ຠ ᮦࡢᅛ⁐&X⃰ᗘࡣ࠾࠾ࡼࡑ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ㛗ࡽࡣ&Xຠ㐣⛬ࡢᅛ⁐࣭ᯒฟ&X⃰ ᗘࢆ ᐃࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊΥ ศฎ⌮ࡋࡓ)H&0Q&Xᮦࡢᅛ⁐&X⃰ᗘࡣ࠾࠾ࡼࡑ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅇ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓᅛ⁐&X⃰ᗘࡶࡰ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࡽࠊࣉࣟࣇࣝྜᡂྜࡼࡾ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࠊ&X⃰ᗘࡢゎᯒࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ ඛ㏙ࡓ࠾ࡾࠊNH9ࡣIFF&X≉᭷࡞ࣆ࣮ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࣆ࣮ࢡຠࡣIFF&X ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊEFF&X࡛⏕ࡌࡿሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅇ NH9ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ㧗ࡉຠ◳ࡉ ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡇࡽࠊ◳ࡉୖ᪼ࡣIFF≧ࡢ&Xࡶఱࡽࡢຠᯝࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ㗰୰࡛㐣㣬ᅛ⁐ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ&Xࢆຠฎ⌮ࡍࡿEFFᵓ㐀ࡢ&Xࡢࢡ ࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡀࡲࡎ⏕ᡂࡋࠊᡂ㛗క࠸IFFᵓ㐀ኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ◳ࡉࡀపୗࡍࡿ㐣ຠ ≧ែࡣ&XࡀIFFᵓ㐀ኚࡋࠊ⢒࡞ࡿࡇ࡛⏕ࡌࡿ࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࣆ࣮ࢡຠ ๓ࡢヨᩱ࡛㗰୰ࡢ&XࡀIFFᵓ㐀࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ⪃࠼ࡃ࠸ࠋࡇࡢⅬࡣ㺂NH9 ㏆ഐࡢࣉࣟࣇࣝࡀ㢧ⴭ࡞㐣ຠᮦ௨እࡣ㺂EFFࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࡶࡅࡽ ࢀࡿࠋ;$1(6ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢప࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ➨㸯㏆᥋ཎᏊࡢᙳ㡪ࡀࡁࡃࠊ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡀ ࡛࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊ➨㸯㏆᥋ཎᏊࡀIFFᵓ㐀㏆ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤIFF≉᭷ࡢ;$1(6ࣉࣟࣇࣝ ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋ&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡣEFFᵓ㐀ࡽIFFᵓ㐀ኚࡍࡿ㏵୰୍࡛㒊IFFᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ ࡍࡿ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚㺂ᅇIFFᵓ㐀㉳ᅉࡍࡿ NH9࡛ࣆ࣮ࢡຠ ๓ࡢ◳ࡉୖ᪼ࡀᩚ⌮࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊEFFࡽIFFኚࡍࡿ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡀ◳ࡉୖ ᪼ᐤࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ϩ$ &Xࡢຠᯒฟࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ;$)6௨እࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝ㕲⣔◊✲య࡛$3),0 ࡸ㝧㟁Ꮚᾘ⁛➼ࡼࡾ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ㝧㟁Ꮚᾘ⁛࡛ࡣຠ◳ࡉࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ )H&Xࡢணṍ࡞ࡋᮦࡢ ΥaΥ ศฎ⌮ᮦ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ:ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢኚࡀㄆ ࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ$3),0࡛ࡶ◳ࡉࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ Υ ศฎ⌮ᮦ࡛ࡶࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ ࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ;$)6ࡢ NH9ࣆ࣮ࢡࡢゎᯒ࡛ࡣඛ㏙ࡓ㏻ࡾࠊࣆ࣮ࢡ㧗ࡉ ኚ◳ࡉኚ┦㛵ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ◳ࡉࡀኚࡋ࡞࠸ aΥฎ⌮ᮦ࡛ࡣ)LJ ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘࡣࡁࡃኚࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࠋNH9ࣆ࣮ࢡࡣIFF࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣIFF㑄 ⛣ࡍࡿ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡼࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ㝧㟁Ꮚᾘ⁛ࡸ$3),0࡛ほᐹ ࡉࢀࡓ◳ࡉኚࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ௨๓ࡢ 㹼Υฎ⌮ᮦࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ࡞EFFᵓ㐀ࡢ&Xࢡࣛ ࢫࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋࡲࡓ◳ࡉኚࡀ;$)6㸦;$1(6㸧࡛ほᐹࡉࢀࡓ NH9ࡢࣆ࣮ ࢡᙉᗘ┦㛵ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊEFFࡽIFF㑄⛣ࡍࡿ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡀ◳ࡉୖ ᪼ࡢᙺࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ ;$)6 ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡿࣆ࣮ࢡ╔┠ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࢼࣀࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ ᵓ㐀ゎᯒࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ ;$)6 ࡢศᯒᡭἲࡼࡿゎᯒࢆከ㠃ⓗ࠾ ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊࡼࡾヲ⣽ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᣲືࢆᢕᥱฟ᮶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ճ㸫㸲㸬ࡲࡵ )H&X ῧຍ㗰ࢆᵝࠎ࡞᮲௳࡛ຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓヨᩱࢆ ;$)6 ᐃࡋࠊ;$1(6 㡿ᇦࡢ NH9 ࣆ࣮ࢡ࡛ຠᣲືࢆゎᯒࡋࡓࡇࢁࠊNH9 ࣆ࣮ࢡ㧗ࡉຠ◳ࡉୖ᪼ Ⰻዲ࡞┦㛵ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ 㐣ຠᮦ࡛ 㹼NH9 ㏆ᖹᆠ࡞ࣉࣟࣇࣝࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ IFF&X ᅛ⁐ &X ࡢඹᏑ≧ែࡼࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ;$1(6 㡿ᇦࡢ NH9 ࣆ࣮ࢡࡣ IFF&X 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ձ㸫㸯㸬ࣔࢹࣝྜ㔠ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㧗ᙉᗘ࣭㧗ᘏᛶᮦᩱࡢ᳨ウ ᳨ウ⏝࠸ࡓࣔࢹࣝྜ㔠ࡢᡂศศᯒ್౪ヨᮦࡢ〇సᕤ⛬ࢆ7DEOH)LJࡑࢀ ࡒࢀ♧ࡍࠋ㗰⤌ᡂࡣࠊ&0Q㗰ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ&Xࢆ㹼ῧຍࡋࠊࡲࡓ&X↓ῧຍ㗰 㸦&X㸧ࢆẚ㍑ᮦࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓࠋ &X ྵ᭷㗰ࢆ Υࢆ㉸࠼࡚ຍ⇕ࡍࡿࠊࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ㸫ᆅ㕲⏺㠃⃰ࡋࡓ &X ࡀ⁐⼥ ࡋࠊ⢏⏺ἢࡗ࡚ୗᆅ )H ୰ᾐධࡋࠊ⇕㛫ຍᕤ⾲㠃⑅ࡸࢀࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࡿࡇ ࡽࠊ⇕㛫ᅽᘏඛ❧ࡘຍ⇕ ᗘࡣ Υࡋࡓࠋ⇕㛫ᅽᘏ⤊ᚋࡣࠊᐊ ࡲ࡛ࢆ✵෭ ࡋࠊ&X ࡢᯒฟࢆᢚไࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᚋࠊ⇕ᘏᯈ⾲㠃ࢆ◊๐ࡋ࡚ᯈཌ 㹼PP ୖࡆ ࡓᚋࠊࡉࡽᯈཌ PP ෭㛫ᅽᘏࡋࠊࢯࣝࢺࣂࢫ࡚↝ධࢀ㸫ຠฎ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ↝ධࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ&X ࢆᅛ⁐ࡉࡏࡓ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ⤌⧊ࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺ ༢┦ᇦࡢ Υ PLQ ᆒ⇕ࡋࡓᚋࠊ┤ࡕỈ෭ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ↝ධࢀᚋࡣࠊΥ࡛ 㹼PLQ ຠฎ⌮ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᶵᲔ≉ᛶࠊ⤌⧊ᙧែホ౯౪ࡋࡓࠋ ձ㸫㸯㸫㸯㸬ຠ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳ࡼࡿࣔࢹࣝྜ㔠ࡢ◳ᗘኚ &X↓ῧຍ㗰&X㗰ࢆ㹼Υ࡛㹼PLQຠࡋࡓࡁࡢ᩿㠃ࡢࣦࢵ࣮࢝ ࢫ◳ᗘ+Yኚࢆ)LJࡑࢀࡒࢀ♧ࡍࠋ&X↓ῧຍ㗰࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊຠ ᗘࡢୖ᪼ ຠ㛫ࡢቑࡶ࡞࠸᩿㠃◳ᗘࡀ༢ㄪపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊΥ࡛PLQ ࡢຠ࡛ࡣࠊ+YࡣNJIPP࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊຠ㛫ࡢቑࡶ࡞࠸ᙉᗘపୗࡋ࡚ࠊ PLQࡢຠ࡛ࡣ+YࡣNJIPP࡛పୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊΥ࡛PLQࡢຠ࠾ ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ+YࡣNJIPPࠊΥ࡛PLQࡢຠ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ+YࡣNJIPPࡲ࡛ᙉ ᗘపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺࡢ↝ᡠࡋࡶ࡞࠺◳ᗘపୗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㌿ ᐦᗘࡢపୗࡸⅣ≀ᯒฟࡼࡿᅛ⁐&ࡢῶᑡᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ϩ$ ࡇࢀᑐࡋࠊ&X㗰ࡢΥ࡛PLQࡢຠ࡛ࡣࠊ&X↓ῧຍ㗰ྠࡌࡃ+Yࡣ NJIPP࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊຠ㐣⛬࡛ࡢ◳ᗘపୗࡢᢚไࡀⴭࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊPLQࡢ ຠ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ+YӍNJIPPࠊࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊΥ࡛ࡢຠ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ PLQ௨ෆࡢຠ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ+YӍNJIPPࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋΥ࡛ࡢຠ࠾ ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ&X↓ῧຍ㗰࡛ࡣ㛫ࡢቑࡶ࡞࠸༢ㄪᙉᗘపୗࡍࡿࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ&X 㗰࡛ࡣPLQ௨ෆࡢຠ࡛ࡣ+YӍNJIPPࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊPLQࡢຠ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ+YࡣNJIPP࡛࠶ࡾࠊ&X↓ῧຍ㗰ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ◳ᗘࡀNJIPP⛬ᗘࠊ㧗 ࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ḟࠊຠ㐣⛬࡛ࡢ◳ᗘపୗᢚไຠᯝ࠾ࡼࡰࡍ&Xῧຍࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࠊ&X↓ῧຍ㗰&X㗰ࡢྠ୍ຠ᮲௳࡛ࡢࣦࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ᗘᕪǼ+Yࢆຠ㛫 ᗘ࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ♧ࡍࠋ)LJࡼࡾࠊຠ㐣⛬࡛ࡢ◳ᗘపୗᢚไ㔞Ǽ +Yࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢຠ ᗘ࠾࠸࡚ຠ㛫ࡢቑࡶୖ᪼ࡋ࡚ࠊ≉ᐃࡢຠ 㛫್࡛᭱ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢࡕࠊࡉࡽຠ㛫ࡀቑࡍࡿపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ◳ᗘపୗᢚไ㔞ࡢ್᭱ࡣࠊຠ ᗘΥ࡛ࡣ+Y࡛NJIPPࠊΥ࡛NJIPP ຠ ᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡶቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㹼Υࡢຠ࡛ࡣࡰNJIPP࡛ ୍ᐃ್ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ◳ᗘపୗᢚไ㔞ࡀ್᭱ࢆ♧ࡍࡢຠ㛫ࡣࠊຠ ᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡶ▷㛫ഃ⛣⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ&X㗰࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢᩚ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ ᯝࢆ)LJ♧ࡍࡀࠊǼ+Yࡢ್᭱࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ್᭱ࢆ♧ࡍ㛫ࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ ᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᣲືࡣ&X㗰ྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Ǽ+Yࡢ್᭱࠾ࡼࡰࡍຠ ᗘ&Xῧຍ㔞ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ)LJ♧ࡍࠋୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ ࠊΥ௨ୗࡢຠ࡛ࡣࠊຠ ᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡶǼ+Yࡣቑࡍࡿࡀࠊ㹼Υ ࡢຠ ᗘ࡛ࡣࡰ୍ᐃࡢ್࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ&Xῧຍ㗰࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࠾ࡼࡧNJIPP࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡰ&Xῧຍ㔞ẚࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ&Xࢆῧຍࡋࡓ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ㗰ࢆ㧗 ࡛↝ᡠࡋࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊẕ ┦ࡢ㌿ᐦᗘࢆపୗࡉࡏࡘࡘࠊࢼࣀ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟࡼࡾᙉᗘపୗศࢆ⿵ࡍࡿࡇࡀ ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ձ㸫㸯㸫㸰㸬&X ⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟ࠾ࡼࡰࡍຠ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳ࡢᙳ㡪 ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ⤌⧊ࢆẕ┦ࡋࡓሙྜࡢ&X⢏Ꮚᯒฟάᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ホ౯⤖ᯝ ๓㏙ࡋࡓ&X↓ῧຍ㗰&Xῧຍ㗰ࡢྠ୍ຠ᮲௳࡛ࡢࣦࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ᗘᕪǼ+Yࢆ ຠ ᗘ㛫࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓ◳ᗘኚ㸦)LJ㸧ࡣࠊᯒฟ≀ࡢ᰾⏕ᡂ࣭ᡂ㛗࠾ࡼࡧ⢒ ࡶ࡞࠺ᯒฟᙉ⬟ኚࡢᆺⓗ࡞ᣲື࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᯒฟ≀ࡢయ✚⋡ࡢቑ ࡶຠ㛤ጞึᮇࡼࡾᯒฟᙉ㔞ࡣቑࡍࡿࡀࠊྠᯒฟ≀⮬యࡢᡂ㛗࣭⢒ ϩ$ ࡶ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫㝸ࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡾጞࡵࡿࠊᙉ⬟ࡀపୗࡍࡿࡇᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ 㹼Υࡢຠ ᗘ࡛ࡣǼ+Yࡣࡰ୍ᐃࡢ್࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊࡇࡢ ᗘᇦ ࡛ࡣࠊᯒฟ㏿ᗘࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᯒฟᙉࡢ್᭱ࢆ♧ࡍຠ᮲௳࡛ࡣࠊྠࡌᵓ㐀ࢆ ᭷ࡍࡿ&X⢏Ꮚࡀࡰྠࡌయ✚⋡࡛ᯒฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋᚑ᮶ࡼࡾࡇࡢ ᗘ ᇦ࡛ࡣࠊᯒฟึᮇẁ㝵࡛EFF&Xࡀᯒฟࡋࠊ᭱⤊ⓗȜ&X⛣⾜ࡍࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟᣲືࡀࡰྠࡌ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㹼Υࡢຠ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊǼ+Yࡢ್᭱ࢆ♧ࡍຠ㛫ຠ ᗘࢆࣞࢽ࢘ࢫࣉࣟࢵࢺ)LJࡋࠊ ഴࡁࡼࡾぢࡅࡢάᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾぢࡅࡢάᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ ࡣN-PROぢ✚ࡽࢀࡓࠋȘ㕲୰ࡢ&Xᣑᩓࡢάᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮N-PRO㸯ẚ㍑ࡍ ࡿᑠࡉ࠸್࡛࠶ࡿࠋ :LOVRQࡣࠊᴟపⅣ⣲㗰࡞ࡀࡽᮏ◊✲ྠᵝ᭱ ࡲ࡛&Xࢆῧຍࡋࡓ㗰ࢆᛴ෭ࡋ ࡓࡢࡕ➼ ຠ࠾ࡅࡿ◳ᣲືࢆ᳨ウ㸰㸧ࡋࡓࡀࠊ᭱ᯒฟᙉࢆ♧ࡍຠ㛫ࡣࠊ ᮏ◊✲࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࡶ㛗㛫࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୧⪅ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣᯒฟẕ┦ࡢ㌿ᐦᗘ ㉳ᅉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࠊ&㔞ࡢ㧗࠸㗰ࢆᛴ෭ࡋࡓ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ┦ࢆẕ┦ࡋ ࡓᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ:LOVRQࡢ᳨ウࡋࡓᮦᩱẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㧗࠸㌿ᐦᗘࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ᥎ ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺኚែ࡛ᑟධࡉࢀࡓ㌿ࡀࠊ&Xᯒฟࡢ᰾⏕ᡂࢧ ࢺࡋ࡚ാ࠸ࡓྍ⬟ᛶࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ&XཎᏊࡢ3LSHᣑᩓࡼࡾᡂ㛗㐣⛬ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡓྍ ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋȜ&Xࣁࢸࣥ㛵ࡍࡿᑠ㔝ᑎࡽࡢ◊✲㸱࡛ࡣࠊᚋ⪅ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀᣦ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽຠ㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿ &X ᯒฟ㔞ࢆᐃ㔞ⓗぢ✚ࡶࡿࡓࡵ &X ↓ῧຍ㗰 㸣&X ῧ ຍ㗰ࡢ⢭ᐦ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ&X ↓ῧຍ㗰 &X ῧຍ㗰ࢆ Υ࡛ຠࡋࡓሙྜ ࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡢຠ㛫ᑐࡍࡿኚࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍࠋ↝ධࢀࡲࡲࡢ≧ែ࡛ࡣࠊ&X ῧ ຍ㗰ࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡀ &X ↓ῧຍ㗰ẚ࡚ࡁ࠸ࡀࠊ ࡇࢀࡣᅛ⁐ &X ࡢᙳ㡪⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ &X ↓ῧຍ㗰࡛ࡣຠึᮇࡢ PLQ ௨ෆ࡛ࡣຠ㛫ࡢቑࡶ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡀⴭࡋࡃ ቑࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡣࠊࡸࡸቑࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡶࡢࡢኚࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ&X ῧ ຍ㗰࡛ࡣ PLQ ௨ෆࡢຠ࡛ࡣࡰኚࡏࡎࠊࡉࡽຠࡀ㐍⾜ࡍࡿࢃࡎῶᑡ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊయⓗࡣ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡢኚࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࠋ &X↓ῧຍ㗰 &Xῧຍ㗰ࢆ Υ࡛ຠࡋࡓሙྜࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡢᕪࢆຠ㛫ᑐࡋ ࡚ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ ♧ࡍࠋ)LJ ࡼࡾࠊ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡢᕪࡣ PLQ௨ෆࡢຠึ ᮇẁ㝵࡛ࡁࡃῶᑡࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡶ⦆ࡸῶᑡࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ୧⪅ࡢ᱁ Ꮚᐃᩘࡢᕪࡣᅛ⁐&X㔞ࡢᕪࡣࠊ&X⢏Ꮚᯒฟࡶ࡞࠺࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ୰ࡢᅛ⁐&X㔞ࡢῶᑡ ㉳ᅉࡶࡢ௬ᐃࡋࠊࢩࣕࣜࣇࡽࡀồࡵࡓȘ㕲ࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ࠾ࡼࡰࡍᅛ⁐&X㔞ࡢᙳ㡪 ϩ$ 㸲 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᯒฟࡋࡓ&X㔞ࢆ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘᕪࡼࡾィ⟬ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆࠊΥ Υຠ࠾ ࡅࡿຠ㛫ᑐࡍࡿᯒฟ&X㔞ࡢኚࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ ♧ࡍࠋ )LJ ࡼࡾࠊ&Xῧຍ㗰ࢆ Υ࡛ຠࡋࡓሙྜࠊຠ㛫 PLQ௨ෆࡢ㠀ᖖ▷࠸ 㛫࡛ᛴ⃭ᯒฟ&X㔞ࡀቑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᚋࡣ⦆ࡸቑࡀᣢ⥆ࡍࡿࡇࠊࡲࡓ Υ ຠẚ࡚ Υຠ࡛ࡣࠊࡼࡾ᪩ࡃᯒฟࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ྠࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㕲⣔ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ)H&Xྜ㔠࠾ 㸳 ࡅࡿ&Xᯒฟᣲືࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡼࡾゎᯒ ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࢀࡤࠊ ㌿ୖࡢ&Xᯒฟࡣ 㹼Υ࠾ࡅࡿຠ࡛ࡣᴟࡵ࡚᪩ࡃࠊ&X⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࡣ V௨ෆ ್࡛᭱ࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᡂศ⣔ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᯒฟẕ┦ ࡣ㠀ᖖ㧗࠸㌿ᐦᗘࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᙜヱࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝഴྥࡋ࡚ࡣⰋࡃ ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ Υ Υࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡢຠ ᗘ࡛ࡶࠊᯒฟᙉࡢ್᭱ࢆ♧ࡍࡢᯒฟ&X 㔞ࡣ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᮏ㗰࡛ࡣࠊ⌮ㄽୖᯒฟᙉ㔞ࢆ ಸ㧗ࡵ ࡽࢀࡿィ⟬࡞ࡿࠋᚋࠊ&Xࡢᯒฟ㏿ᗘ࠾ࡼࡰࡍ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㗰ᡂศࡢᙳ㡪 ࢆ⣽᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊࡼࡾ㧗ᙉᗘࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᯒฟᙉ ࡢ್᭱ࢆ♧ࡍࡢᯒฟ≀⢏ᚄࡣ Υຠ࡛ࡣ 㹼QP࡛࠶ࡿࠋ)H&Xඖ⣔ྜ㔠ࡢ ຠ㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿ&X⢏ᏊᚄኚᶵᲔⓗᛶ㉁㛵ࡍࡿ㛗ᮧࡽࡢ◊✲ ࡼࢀࡤࠊEFF&X ࡽIFF&X⛣⾜ࡍࡿ⢏ᚄࡣ⣙ QP࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢᯒฟ≀ࡢ㑄⛣ࡼࡾẕ┦ࡢᩚྜṍ ࡀᾘኻࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᙉ⬟ࡀⴭࡋࡃపୗࡍࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓ㗰ࡣࠊ &0Q㔞ࡸ&Xῧຍ㔞ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᙉ⬟&X⢏Ꮚᚄࡢ㛵ಀ࠾࠸࡚Ⰻ࠸ᑐᛂࢆ♧ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ձ㸫㸯㸫㸱㸬&X ῧຍࡀ⤌⧊ᙧែ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪 &X ↓ῧຍ㗰 &X ῧຍ㗰ࡢ↝ධࢀࡲࡲ㸦DV4㸧ࡢᮦᩱࡢ⤌⧊ほᐹࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍࠋ&X ↓ῧຍ㗰ࠊ㸣&X ῧຍ㗰ࡶ⤌⧊ࡣࠊࣇࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศ ࡿࠋࡲࡓ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺࡢࣃࢣࢵࢺࠊࣈࣟࢵࢡࡣࠊ&X ↓ῧຍ㗰 㸣&X ῧຍ㗰ࡶ ࡰྠࢧࢬ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᙉᗘ࠾ࡼࡰࡍ⣽⢏ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣᑡ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ΥࡢࠊPLQຠฎ⌮ࡢ7(0ほᐹࢆ)LJ♧ࡍࠋຠ㛫ࡀPLQẚ㍑ࡋࠊ PLQ࡛ࡣࠊ&X↓ῧຍ㗰ࠊ㸣&Xῧຍ㗰ࡶ㌿ࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ↝ᡠࡋࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠾ ࡾࠊࡲࡓ&X↓ῧຍ㗰㸣&X㗰ࡢẚ㍑࡛ࡶ㌿㔞ࡁ࡞ᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ&Xῧຍ㗰 ࡛ࠊຠฎ⌮࡛᭱◳࡞ࡿΥࡢPLQຠࡋࡓሙྜࠊࡑࡢ&X⢏Ꮚᚄࡣࠊ⢏ᚄQP ௨ୗ㸦)LJ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊヨᩱࡢ◳ࡣ᭱࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᭱ࡶࡁ࡞ᯒฟ ᙉ⬟ࢆᣢࡘEFFᵓ㐀ࡢࢼࣀ&X⢏Ꮚࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ϩ$ ࡋࡋࠊᯒฟ≀ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ&X↓ῧຍ㗰࡛ࡣPLQࡢຠึᮇࡽᲬ≧ࡢⅣ≀ࡀほ ᐹࡉࢀࡿࡢࡓ࠸ࡋࠊ&Xῧຍ㗰࡛ࡣࠊᚤ⣽࡞⢏≧ࡢࡶࡢࡀほᐹࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓ㢖ᗘࡣప ࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢ &X ῧຍࡼࡿ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ㗰ࡢ↝ࡁᡠࡋ㌾ᢠࡢୖ᪼ఙࡧࡢྥୖࡘ ࠸࡚ࠊヲ⣽ㄪᰝࡍࡿࡓࡵ 6(0 ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ &X ⢏Ꮚࢭ࣓ࣥࢱࢺࡢほᐹ⤖ᯝࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓ &X 㗰 &X 㗰ࡢ Υ㺂PLQ ຠᚋࡢࢭ࣓ࣥࢱࢺࡣࠊ&X 㗰ẚ ㍑ࡋࠊ&X ῧຍ㗰࡛ࢭ࣓ࣥࢱࢺࡀᚤ⣽࣭పᐦᗘࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦)LJ㸧ࠋ ࢭ࣓ࣥࢱࢺࡢᯒฟᣲື㛵ࡍࡿྂཎ➼ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢῧຍࡀࢭ࣓ࣥࢱ ࢺࡢᚤ⣽ࢆಁ㐍ࡋࠊ↝ࡁᡠࡋ㌾ᢠࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࠊ≉0Qࡀ㢧ⴭ࡞ຠᯝࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ ࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࠋྠᵝ᳨ウ㗰ࡢྜ㔠ᡂศ࡛࠶ࡿ0Q&Xࡢ」ྜῧຍࡀࠊᚤ⣽ ࢆಁ㐍ࡋࠊ↝ࡁᡠࡋ㌾ᢠࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊᚋࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ≉ᛶྥୖࡢࡓ ࡵࡣᚤ⣽࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒➼ࢆྵࡴ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 㔠ᒓࢹ࣮ࢱࣈࢵࢡ㸸᪥ᮏ㔠ᒓᏛ⦅ᨵゞ ∧ၿ ($:LOVRQ㸸-RXUQDORI7KH,URQDQG6WHHO,QVWLWXWH)HE ᑠ㔝ᑎ㝯㑻ࡽ㸸㕲㗰 ࢩࣕࣜࣇࡽ㸸㕲㗰 ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᖹᡂ㸯㸲ᖺᗘᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩㸸㈈ᅋἲே㔠ᒓ⣔ᮦᩱ㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ 㕲㗰ࡢᯒฟไᚚ࣓ࢱࣛࢪ࣮᭱๓⥺㸸᪥ᮏ㕲㗰༠ ྂཎᛅ∾ṇᚿ㸸&$03,6,-9RO3 ྂཎᛅ㧗ᜠஂᑠᯘஓ∾ṇᚿ㸸&$03,6,-9RO3 ϩ$ 7DEOH ౪ヨ㗰⤌ᡂ 6WHHO &X &X &X &X & 6L 0Q 3 6 㸦PDVV㸧 6RO$O 1 &X )LJ ౪ヨ㗰ࡢ〇㐀ᕤ⛬ 㻡㻜㻜 㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼀㼑㼙㼜㻚 㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼀㼑㼙㼜㻚 㻠㻡㻜 㻠㻡㻜 㻴㼢㻌㻔㼗㼓㼒㻛㼙㼙㻞㻕 㻴㼢㻌㻦㻌㼗㼓㼒㻛㼙㼙㻞㻕 㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻟㻡㻜䉝 㻟㻡㻜 㻠㻜㻜䉝 㻟㻜㻜 㻠㻡㻜䉝 㻞㻡㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻝 㻡㻡㻜䉝 㻝㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕 㻠㻜㻜 㻟㻡㻜䉝 㻟㻡㻜 㻠㻡㻜䉝 㻟㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜䉝 㻠㻡㻜䉝 㻠㻑㻯㼡㗰 㻝㻞㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜䉝 㻤㻜 㻢㻜 㻟㻡㻜䉝 㻠㻜 㻞㻜 㻜㻝 㻝㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻢㻜 㻝㻠㻜 㻝㻞㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻑㻯㼡㗰 㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼀㼑㼙㼜㻚 㻡㻡㻜䉝 㻤㻜 㻢㻜 㻡㻜㻜䉝 㻠㻡㻜䉝 㻠㻜 㻞㻜 㻜 㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼀㼑㼙㼜㻚 㻝㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕 㻝 Fig. 3 4㸣Cu 㗰ࡢຠ㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿ ◳ᗘኚ 䂴㻴㼢 㻔㼗㼓㼒㻛㼙㼙㻞㻕㻌 䂴㻴㼢 㻔㼗㼓㼒㻛㼙㼙㻞㻕㻌 㻝㻠㻜 㻡㻡㻜䉝 㻡㻜㻜䉝 㻡㻡㻜䉝 㻞㻡㻜 㻡㻜㻜䉝 Fig. 2 0㸣Cu 㗰ࡢຠ㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿ◳ ᗘኚ 㻝㻢㻜 㻠㻜㻜䉝 㻝㻜㻜㻜 Fig. 4 4㸣Cu 㗰 0%Cu 㗰ࡢ㧗ᗘᕪ ཬࡰࡍຠ ᗘ㛫ࡢᙳ㡪 㻠㻜㻜䉝 㻝 㻝㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕 㻟㻡㻜䉝 㻝㻜㻜㻜 Fig. 5 2㸣Cu 㗰 0%Cu 㗰ࡢ㧗ᗘᕪ ཬࡰࡍຠ ᗘ㛫ࡢᙳ㡪 ϩ$ 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻠㻑㻯㼡㻌㻿㼠㼑㼑㼘 2%Cu 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜 ຠ ᗘ 㻞㻑㻯㼡㻌㻿㼠㼑㼑㼘 㻤㻜 㻢㻜 㼠㻙㼙㼍㼤 㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕 䂴㻴㼢㻙㼙㼍㼤㻌 㻔㼗㼓㼒㻛㼙㼙㻞㻕㻌 㻝㻢㻜 㻝㻠㻜 㻝㻞㻜 㻝㻑㻯㼡㻌㻿㼠㼑㼑㼘 㻠㻜 㻞㻜 㻜 㻟㻜㻜 450䉝 500䉝 㻝㻜 4%Cu 550䉝 Q=157䡚166kJ/mol 㻝 㻟㻡㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻠㻡㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻡㻡㻜 㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼀㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌䠄䉝䠅 䃐-Fe୰䛾Cu䛾ᣑᩓ䛾άᛶ䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊 Q=244kJ/mol 㻢㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻝 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝㻝 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝㻞 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝㻟 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝㻠 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝㻡 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝㻢 㻝㻛㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻔㻝㻛㻷㻕 Fig. 7 ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺᆅࡽࡢ Cu ᯒฟࡢ άᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ホ౯⤖ᯝ Fig. 6 0㸣Cu 㗰ࡢ㧗ᗘᕪࡢ್᭱ཬࡰ ࡍຠ ᗘ Cu ῧຍ㔞ࡢᙳ㡪 㻞㻚㻤㻣㻝㻡 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻞㻡 䂴㻸㼍㼠㼠㼕㼏㼑 㼜㼍㼞㼍㼙㼑㼠㼑㼞㻌㻔䊅㻕 㻸㼍㼠㼠㼕㼏㼑㻌㼜㼍㼞㼍㼙㼑㼠㼑㼞㻌㻔䊅㻕 㻞㻚㻤㻣㻞㻜 㻛㻛 㻞㻚㻤㻣㻝㻜 4%Cu 㻞㻚㻤㻣㻜㻡 㻞㻚㻤㻣㻜㻜 㻛㻛 㻞㻚㻤㻢㻥㻡 㻞㻚㻤㻢㻥㻜 㻛㻛 㻭㼟㻙㻽㼡㼑㼚㼏㼔 0%Cu 㻝 㻝㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㼍㼠㻌㻠㻡㻜䉝 㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝㻡 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝㻜 㻛㻛 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻜㻡 㻝 㻝㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㼍㼠㻌㻠㻡㻜䉝 㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕 㼪㼪 Fig. 9 4㸣Cu 㗰 0%Cu 㗰ࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃ ᩘᕪࡢຠ㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿኚ 㻟㻚㻡 㻟㻚㻜 㻭㼓㼑㼐㻌㼍㼠㻌㻡㻡㻜 䉝 㻞㻚㻡 㻞㻚㻜 㻭㼓㼑㼐㻌㼍㼠㻌㻠㻡㻜 䉝 㻝㻚㻡 㻝㻚㻜 㻜㻚㻡 㼪 㼪 㼪 㻯㼡㻌㼍㼟㻌㼜㼞㼑㼏㼕㼜㼕㼠㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㻯㼡㻌㻔㻑㻕 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻞㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻜㻜 㻛㻛 㻭㼟㻙㻽㼡㼑㼚㼏㼔 㻝㻜㻜㻜 Fig.8 4㸣Cu 㗰 0%Cu 㗰ࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ ཬࡰࡍຠ㛫ࡢᙳ㡪 㻠㻚㻜 㻛㻛 㻜 㻭㼟 㻙 㻽㼡㼑㼚㼏㼔㼑㼐 㻝 㻝㻜 㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕 㻝㻜㻜 )LJ ຠ㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟ &X 㔞ࡢኚ 㸦㸣&X 㗰 㸣&X 㗰ࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘᕪࡽࡢ ⟬㸧 ϩ$ 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻔㼎㻕㻌㻠㻑㻯㼡㗰 㻔㼍㻕㻌㻯㼡↓ῧຍ㗰 Fig. 11 ↝ධࢀᚋࡢ࣑ࢡࣟ⤌⧊㸦↝ධࢀࡲࡲ㸧 㻠㻡㻜䉝㽢㻠㻜㼙㼕㼚 㻠㻑㻯㼡ῧຍ 㻠㻡㻜䉝 㽢㻞㼙㼕㼚 㻯㼡↓ῧຍ 100nm 100nm )LJ Υຠࡼࡿ㌿ୗ㒊⤌⧊ኚ ϩ$ ຠ᮲௳䠖㻠㻡㻜䉝㽢㻠㻜㼙㼕㼚 Counts 䠢䡁 䠟䡑 䠢䡁 䠟䡑 Energy(kev) 㻡㻜㼚㼙 Fig. 13 4㸣Cu ῧຍ㗰࠾ࡅࡿ Cu ᯒฟ≀ほᐹ 㻠㻡㻜䉝 㽢㻝㻤㻜㼙㼕㼚 㻯㼡↓ῧຍ 㻠㻑㻯㼡ῧຍ 㻠㻡㻜䉝 㽢㻠㻜㼙㼕㼚 0.5䃛m Fig. 14 ຠ㛫ࡼࡿ Fe Ⅳ≀ࡢᙧែኚ ϩ$ 㻞㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻝㻡㻜 ┦ᙜᚄ㻔㼚㼙㻕 ┦ᙜᚄ㻔㼚㼙㻕 ┦ᙜᚄ㻔㼚㼙㻕 ᐦᗘ⟬䠖䠍䠌䠌ಶ䚷䋽䚷䠑㽢䠍䠌䠔ಶ㻛䠿䡉䠎 䈜㻝㻜㼚㼙䃥௨ୗ䠖䝜䜲䝈䠄㻟㼜㼛㼕㼚㼠㻕 Fig. 15 ຠ㛫ࡼࡿ Fe Ⅳ≀ࡢᐦᗘኚ㸰 ϩ$ 㻝㻜㻜 㻣㻜 㻡㻡 㻤㻡 㻝㻜㻜 㻤㻡 㻣㻜 㻡㻡 㻤㻡 㻝㻜㻜 㻣㻜 㻡㻡 㻠㻜 㻞㻡 㻝㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻤㻡 㻣㻜 㻡㻡 㻜 㻠㻜 㻜 㻞㻡 㻡㻜 㻜 㻝㻜 㻡㻜 㻠㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻡㻜 㻞㻡 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 ಶᩘ ಶᩘ 㻝㻡㻜 㻠㻜 㻝㻜 㻤㻡 㻝㻜㻜 ┦ᙜᚄ㻔㼚㼙㻕 ┦ᙜᚄ㻔㼚㼙㻕 㻞㻜㻜 ಶᩘ 㻣㻜 㻜 㻡㻡 㻜 㻝㻜 㻡㻜 㻥㻜 㻣㻜 㻡㻜 㻟㻜 㻝㻜 㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻡㻜 㻠㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻡 㻝㻜㻜 ಶᩘ 㻞㻜㻜 ┦ᙜᚄ㻔㼚㼙㻕 㻯㼡↓ῧຍ 㻠㻡㻜䉝㽢㻝㻤㻜㼙㼕㼚 㻞㻡 㻠㻡㻜䉝㽢㻠㻜㼙㼕㼚 ಶᩘ ಶᩘ 㻠㻑㻯㼡ῧຍ 㻠㻡㻜䉝㽢㻞㼙㼕㼚 ղ⮬ື㌴⏝㧗ᙉᗘ㗰ᯈࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ⏝ᛶ⬟ホ౯ ղ㸫㸯㸬 Υຠࡋࡓ&Xῧຍ㗰ࡢᘬᙇ≉ᛶ᭤ࡆᡂᙧᛶホ౯⤖ᯝ )LJࠊ&X↓ῧຍ㗰&Xῧຍ㗰ࢆ㹼Υ࡛ຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓᮦᩱࡢᙉᗘ㸫ᘏᛶࣂ ࣛࣥࢫࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&X↓ῧຍ㗰ࡣࠊ㹼Υ࡛ຠࡋࡓሙྜࡣࠊᘬᙇᙉᗘ76ࡀ 㹼03Dࠊ◚᩿ఙࡧ㸦(O㸧ࡀ㹼㸣࡛ࠊ76[(Oࣂࣛࣥࢫࡣ03D࣭⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽຠ ᗘࢆୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺࡢ↝ᡠࡋࡢ㐍⾜ࡶ࡞࠸76ࡣపୗࡋࠊ Υຠࡋ࡛ࡣ03Dࡲ࡛ᖜᙉᗘపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(Oࡣྥୖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ76[ (Oࣂࣛࣥࢫࡣ03D࣭⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊప ↝ᡠࡋᮦᑐࡍࡿྥୖຠᯝࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ&Xῧຍ㗰࡛ࡣࠊྠࡌࡃ㹼Υ࡛ຠࡋࡓሙྜࠊ&ྵ᭷㔞ࡀࡰྠࣞ࣋ ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎ76ࡀ㹼03Dᙉᗘࡶ㧗ࡃࠊࡘࠊ(Oࡀࡰ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ྠຠ᮲௳ࡢ&X↓ῧຍ㗰ᑐࡋ࡚㧗ᙉᗘ̿㧗ᘏᛶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ&X㗰ࡢ76[(Oࣂࣛ ࣥࢫࡣ⣙03D࣭࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣࠊప ↝ᡠࡋࡢ&X↓ῧຍ㗰ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࡍࡿࠊ ಸࡢ76[(Oࣂࣛࣥࢫ್࡞ࡿࠋࡉࡽຠ ᗘࢆΥୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿ76ࡣ㹼 03Dࡸࡸపୗࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ(Oࡣ㹼ࡁࡃୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ&X↓ῧຍ 㗰ࡢΥຠᮦྠࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ(O࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ7(0ࡼࡿ㌿ほᐹ⤖ᯝⰋࡃᑐᛂࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ76[(Oࣂࣛࣥࢫࡣ03D࣭࡛࠶ࡾࠊప ↝ᡠࡋࡢ&X↓ῧຍ㗰ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࡍ ࡿࠊಸࡢ76[(Oࣂࣛࣥࢫ್࡞ࡿࠋୖグ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࠊ㧗 ຠࡼࡾ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ⤌⧊ࡢ㌿ᐦᗘࢆపୗࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀᘏᛶࡢྥୖ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿࠋ &X ↓ῧຍ㗰 &X ῧຍ㗰ࢆࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ Υ࡛ PLQࠊΥ࡛ PLQ ຠࡋ࡚ ࡰ 03D ྠ୍ᙉᗘࣞ࣋ࣝࡋࡓᮦᩱࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᭤ࡆ༙ᚄࢆ PP ࡋ࡚᭤ࡆຍᕤ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓヨ㦂∦ࡢእほࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍࠋ)LJ ࡼࡾ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡼ࠺ࠊྠ୍ᙉᗘࣞ࣋ࣝ ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ&X ↓ῧຍ㗰࡛ࡣᗙᒅࡍࡿࡼ࠺ᢡࢀ᭤ࡗ࡚እ࿘ഃࢡࣛࢵࢡࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ&X ῧຍ㗰࡛ࡣᕤලࡢඛ➃ 5 ࡞ࡌࢇ࡛ࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ᭤ࡆᡂᙧࡉࢀ࡚ ࠾ࡾࠊࡘࠊእ࿘ഃࡶࢡࣛࢵࢡࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊΥຠࢆࡋࡓ &X 㗰ࡣࠊᘬᙇヨ㦂࠾ࡅࡿ◚᩿ఙࡧ࡛ඃᛶࡀホ౯ࡉࢀࡿࡤࡾ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᐇᡂᙧᵝᘧࡢ ࡦࡘࢆᶍᨃࡋࡓ᭤ࡆᡂᙧヨ㦂࠾࠸࡚ࡶඃᛶࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ ղ㸫㸰㸬 &Xῧຍ㗰ࡢ㧗㏿ኚᙧ≉ᛶ Υ࡛PLQຠᮦࡢ㧗㏿ᘬᙇ≉ᛶࢆ2QH%DU᪉ᘧࡢᙇヨ㦂ᶵࢆ⏝࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋṍ ࡳ㏿ᗘࡣࠊࠊࠊ㹱࡚⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡢᛂຊṍࡳ᭤⥺ࢆ)LJ♧ࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ ṍࡳ㏿ᗘ࠾࠸࡚ࡶᘬᙇᙉᗘࡣࠊ03D⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㟼ືẚࡣࠊ⣙㸯࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࢀࡣᚑ᮶ࡢᘬᙇᙉᗘ㟼ືẚ᭤⥺ୖ࡛ࡶᘬᙇᙉᗘ㸸03D⣭௨ୖࡢ㗰ᯈྠࡌഴྥ ϩ$ ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ᭤⥺≧ࡿࡇࡀศࡿ㸦)LJ㸧 ࠋࡲࡓ◚᩿ᚋࡢヨ㦂∦ࡣࠊࢿࢵ࢟ࣥࢢࡀ ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇࡽᘏᛶ◚᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ࠼ࡤ⮬ື㌴ࡢᙉᗘ㒊ᮦ㐺 ⏝ࡋ࡚ࡶၥ㢟࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ղ㸫㸱㸬 ࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⁐᥋ᛶࡢホ౯ -,6= ࠾ࡼࡧ = ‽ࡌࡓ⥅ࡂᡭᙉᗘࡢࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂766࠾ࡼࡧ༑Ꮠᘬᙇヨ 㦂&76ࢆ௨ୗࡢ᮲௳࡚ࠊᐇࡋࡓࠋ ࣭⁐᥋ᯈ⤌ࡳ㸸㸲㸣&Xῧຍ㗰ࢆΥ࡛PLQຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓᯈཌWPPࡢᯛ⤌ࡳ ࣭⁐᥋᮲௳ࢳࢵࣉඛ➃ᚄȍ㸪ຍᅽࢳࢵࣉඛ➃ᚄȍ㸪ຍᅽຊNJI㸪ࢫࢡࢬF\F㸪 ࢫ࣮ࣟࣈF\F㸪㏻㟁㛫ẁF\F㸪㏻㟁㟁ὶN$㟁ὶ≉ᛶࡣ㸪ẁ┠ࡢ㏻㟁 㟁ὶࢆኚࡉࡏ㸪ẁ┠ࡣẁ┠ࡢ⣙ࡢ㟁ὶ್ࡋࡓࠋ 㸦㸯㸧⁐᥋㟁ὶࢼࢤࢵࢺᚄ⥅ࡂᡭᙉᗘࡢ㛵ಀ )LJ⁐᥋㟁ὶ⥅ࡂᡭᙉᗘ㸦766࠾ࡼࡧ&76㸧ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪)LJࢼࢤ ࢵࢺᚄ⥅ࡂᡭᙉᗘࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋ)LJࢆぢࡿ㟁ὶ್ᛂࡋ㸪ࢼࢤࢵࢺࡀᛴ㏿ ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡇ࡛766ࡶ0$;N1ࡲ࡛ୖ᪼ࡋࠊࡲࡓ&76ࡣ766ࢼࢤࢵࢺᡂ㛗క࠸ᙉᗘ ୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡇࡣ↓ࡃ㸪N1⛬ᗘ࡛Ᏻᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑦ㸪&76ࡣࡍ࡚ẕᮦ◚᩿㸪766ࡣẕ ᮦ◚᩿⏺㠃◚᩿ࡢ୧ᙧែ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ766ࡤࡽࡘࡁࡢせᅉࡣ㸪㟁ὶN$௨ୖ࡛ᛴ⃭ప ୗࡍࡿࡇࡽ㸪㗰୰ࡢⅣ⣲㔞ࡀ㧗࠸ሙྜ⏕ࡌࡸࡍ࠸ࠊࣥࢹࣥࢺࡢⓎ⏕㉳ᅉࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ㸪03D⣭'3㗰ẚ㍑ࡍࡿᙉᗘపୗᚋࡢࡤࡽࡘࡁࡣ㸪 ᑠࡉ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡲࡓ&76ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ㸪03D⣭'3㗰ྠᵝࠊ ࡰ㌾㗰ᯈ⛬ᗘࡢᙉᗘ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊྠ➼ࡢᛶ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 㸦㸰㸧ࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⁐᥋⁐⼥㒊⤌⧊ほᐹ࠾ࡼࡧ◳ࡉศᕸ ẁ┠⁐᥋㟁ὶN$㸦ࢼࢤࢵࢺᚄPP㸧ࡢ⁐⼥㒊ࡘ࠸࡚⤌⧊࠾ࡼࡧ◳ࡉศᕸ ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ⁐⼥㒊⤌⧊ࡣࢹࣥࢺࣛࢺ⤌⧊ࢆ♧ࡋ㸦)LJ㸧㸪ẕᮦᑐࡋ⣙㹼+9ẕ ᮦ㸸+9㸪⁐⼥㒊㹼+9◳ᗘୖ᪼ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ⇕ᙳ㡪㒊⤌⧊ࡣ㸪ධ⇕㔞࠾ࡼࡧ෭ ༷㏿ᗘ㐪࠸ࡽ⤌⧊⢏ࡢ⫧ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿಶᡤࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀ㸪㌾ࡣㄆࡵ࠼ࡽࢀࡎࠊ ᚑ᮶ࡢ㧗ᙉᗘ㗰ᯈᑐࡋ㸪ྠ➼௨ୖࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⥅ࡂᡭᙉᗘ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ㸲㸣&Xῧຍ㗰ࡢΥPLQຠฎ⌮ᮦࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⁐᥋ᛶࡣࠊ&76ࡣẕ ᮦ◚ㄯ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ⇕ᙳ㡪㒊ࡢ㌾ࡶᑠࡉ࠸ࡇࡼࡾࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ㸪03D⣭'3㗰ྠ ➼ࡢᛶ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ϩ$ 䚷䚷䖩䠖㻶㻵㻿㻡ྕ㻘㻝㻚㻢㼙㼙㼠 㻝㻢 㻝㻡 㻶㻵㻿㻝㻟㻮㻘㻌㻞㻚㻣䡚㻟㼙㼙㼠 㻭㼓㼑㼐㻌㼍㼠㻌㻠㻡㻜䉝 㼀㻿㻌㼤㻌㻱㼘 㻝㻠 㻱㼘㻌㻔㻑㻕 㻝㻟 㻝㻞 㻝㻝 㻠㻑㻌㻯㼡㻌㻿㼠㼑㼑㼘 㻝㻣㻜㻜㻜 㻭㼓㼑㼐㻌㼍㼠㻌㻠㻡㻜㻌䉝 㻭㼓㼑㼐㻌㼍㼠㻌㻞㻡㻜㻌䡚 㻟㻡㻜㻌䉝 㻝㻡㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻜 㻝㻟㻜㻜㻜 㻜㻑㻯㼡㻌㻿㼠㼑㼑㼘 㻥 㻝㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻤 㻣 㻭㼓㼑㼐㻌㼍㼠㻌㻞㻡㻜㻌䡚㻟㻡㻜䉝 㻢 㻤㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻞㻜㻜 㻝㻠㻜㻜 㼀㻿㻌㻔㻹㻼㼍㻕 㻠㻑㻯㼡ῧຍ㗰 䠄㝈⏺᭤䛢༙ᚄ㻦㻠㻚㻡㼙㼙䠅 㻯㼡↓ῧຍ㗰 䠄㝈⏺᭤䛢༙ᚄ㻦㻣㼙㼙䠅 Fig.1 4㸣Cu ῧຍ㗰ࡢຠ ᗘࡼࡿᙉᗘ㸫ఙࡧࣂࣛࣥࢫኚ Fig.2 ᭤ࡆᡂᙧᮦእほ㸦᭤ࡆ༙ᚄ㸸4.5mm㸧 ϩ$ 㻝㻚㻤 ᯒฟᆺ 㻝㻚㻣 㻰㻼ᆺ ୍⯡ᮦ 㻝㻚㻢 㼀㻿㼐㻛㼀㻿㼟 㻿㼠㼞㼑㼟㼟㻔㻹㻼㼍㻕 ᛂຊ㻙ṍ䜏⥺ᅗ 㻝㻤㻜㻜 㻝㻢㻜㻜 㻝㻠㻜㻜 㻝㻞㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻤㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻜 㻝 Fig.3 㻞 㻟 㻿㼠㼞㼍㼕㼚㻔㻑㻕 㻠 㻝㻚㻠 㼀㻾㻵㻼㗰 㻠㻑㻯㼡㗰 㻝㻚㻟 㻝㻚㻞 㻙 㻜㻚㻜㻝㻛㼟 㻙 㻟㻜㻜㻛㼟 㻙 㻝㻜㻜㻜㻛㼟 㻜 㻵㻲㗰 ㌾㗰 㻝㻚㻡 㻝㻚㻝 㻝㻚㻜 㻜㻚㻥 㻜㻚㻤 㻡 㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 㻤㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻞㻜㻜 㻝㻠㻜㻜 㼀㻿㻔㻹㻼㼍㻕 Fig.4 㟼ືẚࡢᙉᗘ౫Ꮡᛶ 㧗㏿ᘬᙇヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ K. Sato, A. Yoshitake, Y. Hosoya; Interior, Safety & Environment, Vol. 30, IBEC (1997) ⏺㠃◚᩿ ẕᮦ◚᩿ ẕᮦ◚᩿ ⏺㠃◚᩿ ẕᮦ◚᩿ ẕᮦ◚᩿ ⁐᥋㟁ὶ㻙⥅䛞ᡭᙉᗘ䛾㛵ಀ 䝘䝀䝑䝖ᚄ㻙⥅䛞ᡭᙉᗘ䛾㛵ಀ Fig.5 ࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⁐᥋ᙉᗘ 䝘䝀䝑䝖㒊䛾䝬䜽䝻┿ 䝘䝀䝑䝖㒊䛾◳䛥ศᕸ䠄㻴㼢 㻜㻚㻟䠅 ⁐᥋㒊 ⇕ᙳ㡪㒊 ẕᮦ㒊 Fig.6 ࢼࢤࢵࢺ㒊㏆ഐࡢ⤌⧊ᙉᗘ ϩ$ ճ &X ⢏ᏊࡼࡿỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲື⪏Ỉ⣲⬤≉ᛶ ճ⥴ゝ 㗰୰ࡢ&Xࡣຠ⇕ฎ⌮ࡼࡾࢼࣀࢧࢬ࡛ᯒฟࡍࡿࡇࡀᚑ᮶ࡽሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿ ࠋ㗰୰ࡢ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡣࠊ㌾㉁࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㗰ᮦ୍࡛⯡ⓗ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ ࡿⅣ≀ࠊ❅≀࠸ࡗࡓᯒฟ≀ࡼࡾࡶඃࢀࡓᙉᗘ㸫ᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀⓎ⌧ࡍࡿࡇࡀ ᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝ㕲⣔◊✲య࡛ࡣࠊ㗰ࡢᙉᗘᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿ ᡭẁࡢࡦࡘࡋ࡚ࠊ&Xࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࠊࢼࣀᯒฟ≀ࡢ⏝ࢆ᳨ウࡋࠊ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ ࢺ୰&Xࢆᯒฟᙉࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼࡾ㺂ᘬᙇᙉᗘ 03D࠾࠸࡚ࠊᚑ᮶↓࠸ඃࢀࡓ ᙉᗘ࣭ఙࡧࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓ ࠋ ᘬᙇᙉᗘࡀ 03Dࢆ㉸࠼ࡿỈ⣲ࡼࡿ㐜ࢀ◚ቯࡀ㉳ࡇࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ&Xࡢ ᯒฟ≀ࡣࠊ7Lࡸ9ࡢⅣ≀ྠᵝ ࠊỈ⣲ࢆࢺࣛࢵࣉࡋ࡚㺂⪏㐜ࢀ◚ቯ≉ᛶࢆྥୖࡉ ࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ⬟ຊ㛵ࡋ࡚ㄪᰝࠊሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓ ࡀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲᳨࡛ウࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓࠋ㗰୰ࡢ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡣᯒฟᙜึ࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡ ࢫᩚྜᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿEFFᵓ㐀࡛ᯒฟࡍࡿࡀࠊຠ㛫ࢆ㛗ࡃࡋࠊᯒฟ≀ࢆ⢒ࠊ㐣 ຠࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ5ࡸ 5ࡤࢀࡿ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࢆ⤒࡚IFFᵓ㐀ኚࡍࡿࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡑࢀక࠸ࠊỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔜せ࡞ᯒฟ≀࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ⏺㠃ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ 㐀ࡶኚࡍࡿணࡉࢀࡿࠋᙉᗘࡀᴟ࡞ࡿຠ᮲௳࡛ࡣ㺂ࢇࡢᯒฟ≀ࡣEFF ᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᖹᆒ QP⛬ᗘࡢࢧࢬࡢᯒฟ≀࡛࠶ࡿሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ᯒฟ≧ἣࡼࡗ࡚ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲື࣭⬟ຊࡣ␗࡞ࡿணࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀక࠸⪏Ỉ ⣲⬤≉ᛶࡶᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿணࡉࢀࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚㺂࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ࣮࣋ࢫ࡛&Xࢆྵ᭷ ࡉࡏࡓ㗰ᮦ࠾࠸࡚㺂✀ࠎຠ᮲௳ࡢࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲື⪏Ỉ⣲⬤ᣲືࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋ ࡓࠋ ճᐇ㦂᪉ἲ ᮏ◊✲⏝࠸ࡓ౪ヨ㗰ࡣࠊཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ グ㍕ࡢᐇ⏝Ⅳ⣲㗰 )H&0Q ࢆ࣋ ࣮ࢫ &X ࢆ ῧຍࡋࠊ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ⤌⧊ࡽࡢຠᯒฟฎ⌮᮲௳ࡢ᭱㐺ࡼࡗ ࡚ &X ᯒฟᙧែࢆไᚚࡋࠊᙉᗘᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫྥୖࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋẚ㍑㗰ࡋ ࡚ &X ↓ῧຍ㗰ࡶホ౯ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉࢧࢺࡢᙉᙅࡢホ౯ࠊࣇ࢙ࣛ ࢺ࣮࣋ࢫࡢ )H&X ⣔ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡶ⏝ࡋࡓࠋ Ỉ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲືㄪᰝ⏝࠸ࡓヨᩱࡢຍᕤ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳ࢆ7DEOH ♧ࡍࠋ)LJ ◳ࡉཬࡰࡍຠ㛫ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ♧ࡍࡀࠊΥ࡛ࡣ PLQຠ࡛◳ࡉࡣࣆ࣮ࢡ࡞ࡿ ࠋྛࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ㟁ゎ㝜ᴟࢳ࣮ࣕࢪ࡛Ỉ⣲ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪᚋࠊ᪼ ศᯒࢆ⾜࠸ྛࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ Ỉ⣲ᨺฟ᭤⥺ࢆᚓࡓࠋỈ⣲ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪࡣࠊS+ ࡢ+ 62 Ỉ⁐ᾮ PROOࡢ.6&1ࢆῧຍ ϩ$ ࡋࡓ⁐ᾮ࡛㟁ゎ㟁ὶᐦᗘ P$FP ࡢ᮲௳࡛ Kࢳ࣮ࣕࢪࡋࡓࠋ᪼ ศᯒࡣࠊẼᅽ ࢜ࣥ㉁㔞ศᯒ$3,06ࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ᪼ ㏿ᗘ ΥPLQ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋ[[PPࡢᯈᮦ ࢆࢧࣥࣉࣝࡋ࡚⏝ࡋࡓࠋࢺ࣮ࢱࣝỈ⣲㔞ࡣᐊ ࡽ Υࡲ࡛ࡢ✚⟬㔞ࢆࣂࢵࢡ ࢢࣛ࢘ࣥࢻ⿵ṇᚋồࡵࡓ್࡛⾲ࡋࡓࠋ ᯒฟ≀ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡀࢺࣛࢵࣉ⬟ຊᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢ ᥎ᐃࢆ┠ⓗࠊࣆ࣮ࢡຠ㏆ഐࡢᮦᩱࢆ㸦㈈㸧㧗㍤ᗘග⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ㸫ࠊᆺࢩࣥ ࢡࣟࢺࣟࣥᨺᑕග65ᐇ㦂タ63ULQJ%/%㸦Ẹ㛫 ♫ࡀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⏘ᴗ⏝ᑓ ⏝ࣅ㸫࣒ࣛࣥᘓタ⏝ඹྠయࡢࢧࣥࣅ㸫࣒㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚;$)6 ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋヲ⣽᮲௳ ࡣࠊᮏሗ࿌᭩ グࡋࡓ ࠋ ⪏Ỉ⣲⬤≉ᛶࡢㄪᰝࡣ㺂ཌࡉ PPࠊࢤ࣮ࢪ㛗 PPࠊᖜ PPࡢᯈ≧ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ⏝ ࠸ࠊ㐃⥆Ỉ⣲ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪୗࠊࢡࣟࢫ࣊ࢵࢻࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ ȣPPLQ࡛ࡢ66576ORZ6WUDLQ5DWH 7HFKQLTXHヨ㦂࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋỈ⣲ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪ᮲௳ࡣࠊ㟁ゎᾮࡋ࡚ࠊS+ ࡢ+ 62 Ỉ⁐ᾮ PROOࡢ.6&1ࢆ㏣ຍࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ㟁ゎ㟁ὶᐦᗘࢆ aP$FP ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࠊྛࢧࣥ ࣉ࡛ࣝ a ᮲௳ኚࡉࡏ࡚ᐇࡋࡓࠋヨ㦂๓ࢧࣥࣉࣝ୰ࡢỈ⣲㔞ࢆᆒ୍ࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࠊKࡢࣉࣞࢳ࣮ࣕࢪࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋẚ㍑ࡢࡓࡵࡢỈ⣲↓ῧຍᮦࡶホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ ⪏Ỉ⣲⬤≉ᛶホ౯⏝ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳ࠊᖹᆒᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺ⢏ᚄຠ ᚋࡢ◳ࡉᘬᙇᙉᗘࢆ7DEOH ♧ࡍࠋᇶᮏⓗࡣ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺࢆ Υ࡛ PLQ ᐇᚋỈ↝ධࢀࡋࠊ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ⤌⧊ࢆᚓࡓᚋ࡛&Xࡢᯒฟࢆ⾜࠺ຠฎ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡓࠋྠ୍ᙉᗘ࡛&Xࡢᯒฟ≧ἣࢆኚࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊளຠ㐣ຠࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ&X↓ ῧຍࡢẚ㍑㗰ࡣᙉᗘࢆࡑࢁ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࠊప ࡢ Υ࡛ PLQ㛫ࡢຠฎ⌮ࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺ⢏ᚄࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ&Xῧຍᮦ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㺂࣮࢜ࢫࢸ ࢼࢺ ᗘࢆపୗࡉࡏ࡚⤖ᬗ⢏ࢆᚤ⣽ࡉࡏࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝࡶヨ㦂ࡋࡓࠋ◚᩿ᚋࠊࢧ ࣥࣉࣝ୰ࡢỈ⣲㔞ࢆ$3,06࡛ ᐃࡋࡓࠋỈ⣲⬤ᗘࡣ7676 ࡛ホ౯ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ 76ࡣỈ⣲ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪᮦࡢᘬᙇᙉᗘࠊ76 ࡣࠊỈ⣲↓ῧຍᮦࡢᘬᙇᙉᗘࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ճᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ ճỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲື )LJ ᆺⓗ࡞Ỉ⣲ᨺฟ᭤⥺ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&Xῧຍ㺂↓ῧຍᮦࡢ࡚ࡢࢧࣥࣉ࡛ࣝ Υ㏆ࡢᨺฟࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ୍ࡘࡔࡅほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋΥ㏆ࡢỈ⣲ᨺฟࣆ࣮ࢡࡣ㺂࣐ࣝ ࢸࣥࢧࢺ⤌⧊ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㗰ᮦ୍࡛⯡ⓗほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ ࠊ⤖ᬗ⢏⏺ࡸ㌿ࡀࢺ ࣛࢵࣉࢧࢺ࡛࠶ࡿゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᐊ ࡽ Υࡲ࡛ࡢ✚⟬㔞ࢆࣂࢵࢡࢢࣛ࢘ࣥࢻ⿵ṇᚋồࡵࡓࢺ࣮ࢱࣝᨺฟỈ ⣲㔞ཬࡰࡍຠ㛫ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍࠋ&X ῧຍ㗰ࡣ㺂PLQ ⛬ᗘࡢຠ㛫ࡲ ࡛ࠊ୍ᗘῶᑡᚋቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ&X ↓ῧຍࡢẚ㍑㗰ࡣࠊ୍ᗘῶᑡᚋࡣࡰ୍ᐃࡢ್ࢆಖ ϩ$ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋPLQ ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛ࡢຠ㛫࡛ࡢࢺࣛࢵࣉỈ⣲㔞ࡢῶᑡࡣࠊẚ㍑㗰࠾࠸࡚ ࡶほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㺂ᅇక࠺᱁ᏊḞ㝗ࡢῶᑡࡼࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ &X ῧຍ㗰ࡢ᪉ࡀᨺฟỈ⣲㔞ࡀከ࠸ࡇࠊ୪ࡧ㺂ຠ◳ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ PLQ ௨ୖ ࡢຠకࡗ࡚Ỉ⣲㔞ࡀቑࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊ&X ࡢᯒฟ≀ࡀỈ⣲ࢆࢺࣛࢵࣉࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ᭷ ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋⅣ≀ࡢᯒฟ⢒ࡶຠ୰㉳ࡇࡿࡀ㺂ᇶᮏⓗࡣ୧㗰✀࡛ 㐪࠸ࡀ↓࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ◳ࡉࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ࡞ࡿຠ㛫PLQ௨㝆ࡶᨺฟỈ⣲㔞ࡀ 㢧ⴭቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀ⯆῝࠸ࠋ &Xᯒฟ㔞ࡣࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘ௨㝆ࡶቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋᮏᐇ㦂ྠ୍ࢧ ࣥࣉࣝࢆ⏝ࡋࡓᐇ㦂 ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊΥࡢຠ࡛㺂ࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘ࡞ࡿ PLQຠࡢ ⣙ 㸣ࡢᯒฟ㔞ࡽ PLQࡢ㐣ຠ࡛ࡣ⣙ 㸣ቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢయ✚⋡ࡢቑຍࡀࠊ)LJ ♧ࡉࢀࡿࣆ࣮ࢡຠ௨㝆ࡶỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔞ࡀቑຍࡍࡿ ୍ᅉ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ)LJ ♧ࡉࢀࡓྠ୍㛫࡛ࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔞ࡢቑຍ ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ᫂ࡽᑠࡉࡃࠊయ✚ቑຍࡢᙳ㡪ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣㄝ᫂ࡣฟ᮶࡞࠸ࠋ ᯒฟ≀ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡀࢺࣛࢵࣉ⬟ຊᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢ ᥎ᐃࢆ┠ⓗࠊࣆ࣮ࢡຠ㏆ഐࡢᮦᩱ࡛;$)6ゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ)LJDᐇ ⤖ᯝࡢ ;$1(6㒊ศࠊ)LJEẚ㍑ࡢࡓࡵࡢIFFᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࣂࣝࢡ&Xࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ࡞ࡽࡧEFF ᵓ㐀ࡢ&Xࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋᐇ ࡋࡓࣉࣟࣇࣝࡣࠊEFFᵓ㐀ࡢࣉࣟ ࣇࣝ㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᇶᮏⓗࡣEFFᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᩚྜᯒฟ≀࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃ ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᩥ⊩ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ࣮࣋ࢫ࡛&Xᯒฟࡉࡏࡓࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦ ࡢ;$)6ほᐹྠࡌ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ ࠋࡋࡋࠊIFFᵓ㐀≉᭷ࡢ NH9ࣆ࣮ࢡࡶほᐹࡉ ࢀࡿࡇࡽ㺂୍㒊ࠊ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢつ๎ᛶࡶ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ᥎ ࡉࢀࡓ ࠋ⤖ᬗ ᵓ㐀ࡢつ๎ᛶࡣࠊ࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫࡢ⏺㠃࡛ࡣ㠀ᩚྜᛶࡶቑຍࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᐇ 㝿㺂),0ほᐹࡼࡾࠊࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘ௨㝆࡛ࡣ㠀ᩚྜ⏺㠃ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀ┤᥋ほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿ ࠋ)LJ ♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࣆ࣮ࢡຠࢆᑡࡋ⤒㐣ࡋࡓ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣉࣟ ࣇࣝయཬࡰࡍຠ㛫ࡢ㢧ⴭ࡞ᙳ㡪ࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㺂)LJ ♧ࡍࡼ ࠺ NH9ࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ㺂ᇶᮏⓗEFFᵓ 㐀࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣኚ↓࠸ࡀ㺂⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢࢩ࣮ࣙࢺࣞࣥࢪ࡛ࡢࢀࠊࡑࢀక࠺⏺㠃 ࡢ㠀ᩚྜᛶࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ㠀ᩚྜᛶࡣ༙ᩚྜ⏺㠃࡛ ⏕ࡌࡿ⏺㠃࣑ࢫࣇࢵࢺ㌿ࡶྵࡵࡓᩚྜ⏺㠃ࡽࡢࡎࢀࢆពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Ỉ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲືࡢᩚྜᯒฟ≀㠀ᩚྜᯒฟ≀ࡢẚ㍑ࡣ:HLࡽࡼࡗ࡚7L&ᯒฟ≀ ࡛ヲ⣽᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋ:HLࡽࡢᮍᅛ⁐ࡢ㠀ᩚྜ7L&ࣇ࢙ࣛࢺᇦ࡛ᯒฟࡉࡏࡓ ᩚྜ7L&ᯒฟ≀ࡢ୧᪉ࢆྵࢇࡔᮦᩱࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲືࡢㄪᰝࡼࡿࠊỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ ࡣᯒฟ≀࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫࡢ⏺㠃࡛⏕ࡌࡿࡀ㺂⏺㠃ࡢ༢㠃✚࠶ࡓࡾࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔞 ࡣ㺂㠀ᩚྜ⏺㠃ࡢ᪉ࡀ ಸ⛬ᗘከ࠸ࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᩚྜᯒฟ≀ࡢ ϩ$ ᪉ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡢ࡛㺂7L&ࡢPDVV࠶ࡓࡾࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔞ࡣᩚྜᯒฟ≀ࡢ᪉ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ ᩚྜᯒฟ≀࡛ࡣ࣑ࢫࣇࢵࢺṍỈ⣲ࡀࢺࣛࢵࣉࡉࢀࡿሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ7L&ࡢሙ ྜ㺂ࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫࡢ࣑ࢫࣇࢵࢺࡣ ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋࠊ EFF㸫&X࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫࡢ࣑ࢫࣇࢵࢺࡣ㺂ሗ࿌⪅ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡀ㺂ࡽࡏ࠸ࡐ ࠸ ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ ࠊ7L&ࡼࡾ㢧ⴭᑠࡉ࠸ࡢࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣆ࣮ࢡຠ ࡢỈ⣲ᨺฟ㔞)LJ ࡼࡾ SSPࡀ࡚ࠊᖹᆒᯒฟ≀༙ᚄ QPࡢ⌫≧&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢᩚ ྜ⏺㠃ࢺࣛࢵࣉࡉࢀࡿࡋࠊ&Xࡢ࠺ࡕᯒฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ ௬ᐃࡍࡿࠊ 7DEOH ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᩚྜ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢ༢㠃✚࠶ࡓࡾࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ⬟ຊࡣࠊ7L&ᩚྜ⏺ 㠃ࡢ⣙ ࡋ࡞࠸᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ:HL ࡽࡢỈ⣲ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪ᮲௳࡞ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡾ㺂 ཝᐦ࡞ᐃ㔞ẚ㍑ࡣฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡀ㺂ᐃᛶⓗ࡞ẚ㍑ࡣศྍ⬟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡼࡾࠊ &Xࡢᩚྜᯒฟ≀࡛ࡣỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ⬟ຊࡣ㠀ᩚྜᯒฟ≀ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㠀ᖖᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ ࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ)LJ ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࣆ࣮ࢡຠ௨㝆ࡶỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔞ࡀቑຍࡍ ࡿࡢࡣࠊ⏺㠃ࡢ㠀ᩚྜᛶࡢቑຍࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࡀࡁ࠸᥎ ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊཝᐦ࡞㆟ ㄽࡣࠊᯒฟ≀⮬యࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢኚࡸࡑࢀక࠺⏺㠃ᵓ㐀ࡢኚࠊᯒฟ≀ࡢࢧࢬ ࡸయ✚⋡ࡢኚࢆᐃ㔞ⓗᢕᥱࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ Ỉ⣲ᨺฟࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ ᗘࡀ⣙ Υ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊࡼࡾ㧗 ࡛ᨺฟࡍࡿ7L&࡞ẚ ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠊࢺࣛࢵࣉຊࡣᙉࡃ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ㺂Ⅳ≀ࡢ ᙳ㡪ࢆ↓ど࡛ࡁࡿࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ࣮࣋ࢫࡢ &Xῧຍ㗰࡛ Υ[PLQຠᮦࡢࠊỈ⣲ ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪ┤ᚋᐊ ࡛ 㐌㛫ᨺ⨨ᚋࡢỈ⣲ᨺฟ᭤⥺ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋᮏࢧࣥࣉࣝࡣ㐣ຠ ᮦ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᯒฟ≀ࡣ㠀ᩚྜ⏺㠃ࢆከࡃྵࡴᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ ♧ࡍࡀ㺂 Ỉ⣲ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪ┤ᚋࡣ㢧ⴭほᐹࡉࢀࡓỈ⣲ࣆ࣮ࢡࣉࣟࣇࣝࡀ㺂 㐌㛫ᨺ⨨ᚋ࡛ࡣ ࡃほᐹࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ7Lࡸ9Ⅳ≀ࡀ⏕ᡂࡍࡿࡁࡣ 㐌㛫ᨺ⨨ᚋࡶṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࡽ 㺂&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢࢺࣛࢵࣉࡣ㠀ᖖᙅ࠸ࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊ Ꮫⓗ࡞⤖ྜຊࡣ↓ࡃ㺂㠀ᩚྜ⏺㠃࡞ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢࢀࡓಶᡤࡔࡅࢺࣛࢵࣉࡉࢀ ࡿ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ճ⪏Ỉ⣲⬤ )LJ ࠊ&X↓ῧຍࡢẚ㍑ᮦ Υ࡛࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺࡋࡓ㐣ຠᮦࡢ6657ヨ㦂 ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓ㗰୰Ỉ⣲㔞7676 ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋ୍⯡ⓗỈ⣲㔞ࡢቑຍࡘࢀ࡚ࠊ 7676 ࡣపୗࡍࡿࠊࡘࡲࡾỈ⣲⬤ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡞⮬↛⎔ቃ࡛ ධࡍࡿỈ⣲㔞⛬ᗘ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ SSP⛬ᗘ ࡢᑡ࡞࠸Ỉ⣲㔞࡛ࡣࠊ㢧ⴭ࡞ᕪࡀ࡞࠸ ࡀ㺂Ỉ⣲㔞ࡀከ࠸㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣ㺂ẚ㍑㗰ࡢ&X↓ῧຍᮦࡀⰋዲ࡞⤖ᯝ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ)LJ ᆺ ⓗ࡞◚㠃ࢆ♧ࡍࡀࠊ&X↓ῧຍᮦࡣᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺ⢏ᚄࡀ⢒࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⢏⏺◚㠃⋡ ࡀẚ㍑ⓗᑡ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺ⢏⏺ࡀఱࡽࡢ⌮⏤࡛ᙅࡃ࡞ࡗ ϩ$ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୧㗰✀࡛↝ᡠࡋ ᗘࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊⅣ≀ࡢᯒฟ≧ែࡶ ྠ୍࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㺂&U&X㗰࡛ᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺ⢏⏺ࡢ&X೫ᯒࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡇࡼ ࡾ ࠊᮏࢧࣥࣉࣝ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ&Xࡢ೫ᯒࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛㺂◚㠃ࡢ ࣮࢜ࢪ࢙ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ 7DEOH ♧ࡍࡀࠊ⌧ᛶⰋࡃ⢏⏺◚㠃 ࡢ᪉ࡀ⢏ෆࡼࡾࡶ&X㔞ࡀ㧗ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ)LJ ⢏⏺࡛ࡢ῝ࡉࣉࣟࣇࣝࡢ୍ ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ㺂ᮏ᮲௳࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㺂ᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺ⢏⏺&Xࡀ೫ᯒࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋᚑࡗ࡚㺂ࡇࡢ೫ᯒࡀ⢏⏺◚ቯࢆಁ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ༑ศ 㧗࠸ࠋ)LJ 7DEOH ࡛ࡣࠊ⢏ෆ◚ቯࡶᖹᆒ&X್ࡢ ࢆᖜ㉸࠼ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓࠋ῝ࡉࣉࣟࣇࣝࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ)LJ ࡢ୰ᚰ㒊࡛ࡣࠊ⣙ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ⢏ ෆ◚ቯ㠃ࡶᖹᆒࡼࡾ㧗࠸ࡢࡣ┿ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀᙉ࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣࠊ⢏ෆ◚ቯ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ&Xࡀ⃰ࡋࡓ㠃ࡀࢡࣛࢵࢡࡢఏ⤒㊰࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⢏⏺೫ᯒࡀ⪏Ỉ⣲⬤≉ᛶࢆຎࡉࡏࡿ௬ㄝࡢ᳨ドࡢࡓࡵ㺂࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺ ᗘࢆపୗࡉࡏ࡚ᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺ⢏ᚄࢆᚤ⣽ࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼࡿᨵၿຠᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡍ ࡿᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ7DEOH ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ&X ྵ᭷㗰ࡣ↓ῧຍ㗰ࡼࡾࡶᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ ࢺ⤖ᬗ⢏ࡀᚤ⣽ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊΥຍ⇕࡛ Υຍ⇕ࡢ⣙㸯㸭㸱ࡢ⢏ᚄࡋࡓࢧࣥࣉ ࣝࡶホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ)LJ 6657 ヨ㦂⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡼ࠺㺂㢧ⴭᨵၿࡍࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉ ࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ7DEOH㸲♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ⢏⏺ࡢ೫ᯒ㔞ࡶపῶࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⢏⏺೫ ᯒࡀ⪏Ỉ⣲⬤≉ᛶࢆຎࡉࡏࡿ௬ㄝࢆࡅࡿ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ )LJ ࠊྠ୍◳ࡉᥞ࠼ࡓளຠᮦ㐣ຠᮦࡢẚ㍑ࢆ♧ࡍࠋளຠᮦࡢ᪉ࡀ Ỉ⣲⬤ࡀ㢧ⴭ㉳ࡇࡿࡇࡶほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋⅣ≀ࡢᯒฟ≧ἣࡸ㌿ࡢᅇ≧ἣࡶ␗ ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⤖ㄽࡅࡣฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡀ㺂㐣ຠᮦࡢ᪉ࡀⰋዲ࡞⌮⏤ࡋ࡚㺂)LJ ♧ࡋࡓ Ỉ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔞ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ⌮⏤࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋ ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊ&X ᯒฟᙉ㗰࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㺂ᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺ⢏ᚄࢆᚤ⣽ࡍࡿྠࠊ Ỉ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ⬟ຊࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ㐣ຠ≧ែࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡀ⪏Ỉ⣲⬤≉ᛶྥୖᑐ ࡋ࡚ࡣ㺂ᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓࠋ ճ⤖ㄽ ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ⤌⧊ &X ࢆᯒฟࡉࡏࡓ㗰ᮦࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲື⪏Ỉ⣲⬤≉ᛶ ࢆࠊ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ࣮࣋ࢫ )H&0Q&X ᮦࠊ࡞ࡽࡧẚ㍑㗰ࡢຠ᮲௳ ࢆኚࡉࡏ࡚ホ౯ࡋࡓࠋỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲືࡣ㺂Ỉ⣲᪼ ศ㞳ἲࡼࡾホ౯ࡋࡓࡀࠊ ࡚ࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୍ࡘࡔࡅࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ Υ㏆ഐほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊᨺฟ㔞ࡣຠ ᮲௳ࡼࡗ࡚ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ&X ῧຍᮦ࡛ࡣࠊຠ㛫ࡢቑຍక࠸ࠊࢺ࣮ࢱࣝᨺฟỈ ⣲㔞ࡀ୍᪦ῶᑡࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋቑຍࡋࡓࠋ᭱ึࡢῶᑡࡣࠊ&X ↓ῧຍᮦ࡛ࡶほᐹࡉࢀࡿࡇ ࡽ᱁ᏊḞ㝗ࡢᅇ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࡢቑຍࡣࠊ&X ᯒฟࡼࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ϩ$ &X ῧຍ㗰ࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔞ࡣࣆ࣮ࢡຠᚋࡶቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋ 65;$)6 ゎᯒࡼࡾࠊࣆ࣮ࢡຠ࡛ࡣ &X ᯒฟ≀ࡣᇶᮏⓗ EFF ᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡀ㺂ࢩ࣮ࣙ ࢺࣞࣥࢪࡢ IFF ᵓ㐀ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇࡶほᐹࡉࢀ㺂ຠ㛫కࡗ࡚ቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀほᐹ 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ᯒฟᣲື㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ ௨ୗࡢⅬࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ &0Q &X ῧຍࡋࡓ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ㗰ࡣࠊ&X ↓ῧຍ㗰ࡢ Υ㹼Υຠࡋ ࡓሙྜࡼࡾࠊࡁ࡞◳ᗘࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ &X ῧຍ㗰ࡢ◳ᗘኚࡣࠊ᰾⏕ᡂࠊᡂ㛗ࡼࡿᆺⓗ࡞ᯒฟ◳ᣲືࢆ♧ࡋࠊࡑࡢࣆ࣮ &X ῧຍ㔞ࡢቑຍక࠸ୖ᪼ࡋࠊ&X ῧຍ㗰࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟ &X 㔞ࡣ⣙ ࢡຠ࡛ࡢ◳ᗘࡣࠊ ぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡓࠋ Υຠࡋࡓ &X ῧຍ㗰ࡣࠊ76(/ ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀ ඃࢀࡓ್ࢆ♧ࡋࠊ㹼Υ ຠࡋࡓ &X ↓ῧຍ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ㗰ࡢ ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ &X ῧຍ㗰ࡢ Υຠฎ⌮ࡼࡾࠊ ⢏ᚄ QP ௨ୗࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࡀᯒฟࡍࡿࡶ &X ῧຍ㗰ẚ㍑ࡋࠊࢭ࣓ࣥࢱࢺࡀᚤ⣽ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨ㗰࡛࠶ࡿ &X ῧຍ㗰ࡢ㌴యࡢ㐺⏝ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᐇ⏝ᛶ⬟ࡣࠊᡂ ᆺᛶࡢほⅬࡽࡣ &X ↓ῧຍ㗰ࡼࡾඃࢀࠊࡲࡓࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⁐᥋ᛶ➼ࡣࠊ⌧⾜ࡢ㉸㧗ᙉᗘ㗰ᯈ ྠ➼௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡲࡓ &X ῧຍࡼࡿຠᯝࡋ࡚ࠊ ᪂ࡓ &X ⢏ᏊࡼࡿỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉࡸ )H Ⅳ≀ࡢ⏕ᡂ࣭ ᡂ㛗ᢚไ࡞ࡢࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㛤Ⓨࡢᣦ㔪࡞ࡿ▱ぢࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ ϩ$ 㸦㸧㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢࢼࣀᵓ㐀ゎᯒ ձ ㌾㉁ &X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿ⢏Ꮚศᩓᙉᶵᵓኚᙧ࣭ຍᕤ◳ᣲື ձ⫼ᬒ &Xྵ᭷㗰ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᚲせ࡞ᙉᗘࣞ࣋ࣝᛂࡌࡓྜ㔠タィࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵࡣࠊ ࡲࡎ&X⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉᶵᵓࢆ༑ศ⌮ゎࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࢆไᚚࡍࡿᢏ ⾡ࢆ☜❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㌿ㄽᇶ࡙ࡃ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᯒฟᙉ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊ㌿ ࡀᯒฟ⢏ᏊࡼࡾࣆࣥṆࡵࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ㐠ືࡀጉࡆࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡛ᮦᩱࡢ㝆అᛂຊࡀቑࡍ ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㕲㗰ᮦᩱ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡋ࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⅣ≀ࡢ ሙྜࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣ㕲ᇶᆅࡼࡾࡶࡣࡿ㧗࠸ᙉᗘࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⢏Ꮚࡀࡏࢇ᩿ࡉࢀ࡞ ࠸ࡁࡉࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡁࡣࠊᐊ ࠾࠸࡚㌿ࡣ⢏Ꮚࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ㝿࣮ࣝࣉࢆṧࡋ ࡚㎽ᅇࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢᶵᵓࡣ2URZDQᶵᵓࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢࡁࡢᙉ 㔞ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡢࡳ౫Ꮡࡍࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ&X⢏Ꮚ͊ࡢሙྜࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢᵓᡂᡂศࡀ⣧㖡㏆࠸ࡇࡽࠊࡑࡢᙉᗘࡣ 㕲ᇶᆅࡼࡾࡶపࡃࠊ⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ࡀ2URZDQᶵᵓࡢሙྜࡣࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ&Xྵ᭷㗰࡛ࡣࠊᐊ ࡛ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ㔞ࡀ2URZDQᶵᵓ࡛ぢ✚ࡶ ࡽࢀࡿᛂຊࡼࡾపࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀከᩘሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᶵᵓࡋ࡚ࠊ5XVVHOOࡽ ࡣ)H&Xࡢ๛ᛶ⋡ᕪᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᯒฟᙉ⌮ㄽࢆᥦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᙼࡽࡢᑟฟࡋࡓᙉᗘண ᘧࡣᐇ㦂ⓗ࡞᰿ᣐࡀ㊊ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᯒฟᙉ㔞ཬࡰࡍ&X⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ࡢ ᙳ㡪ࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࠋ㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢ㧗ᙉᗘ&X⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉࢆ ⏝ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ⌧≧ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊᯒฟᙉ㔞┤᥋⤖ࡧࡘࡃ&X⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ࢆ ༑ศᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ)H&X ඖྜ㔠ࡢᐊ ࡛ࡢኚᙧ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚ㛫࡛ࡢ㌿ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋ ゅᗘࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ㝆అᛂຊཬࡰࡍ &X ⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂ࡽ ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ㔞ࢆ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸㌿ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡢ 㛵ᩘࡋ࡚ᐃ㔞ⓗホ౯ࡋࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែᯒฟᙉ㔞ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋࡘ࠸ ࡛ࠊ㗰ࡢຍᕤ◳ᣲືཬࡰࡍ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ◳㉁⢏Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿⅣ≀ẚ㍑᳨࣭ウࡋࠊ ࡉࡽ &X ⢏ᏊⅣ≀⢏Ꮚࢆ」ྜⓗᯒฟࡉࡏࡓᮦᩱࡘ࠸࡚ᘬᙇኚᙧᣲືࡢㄪᰝࢆ ⾜࠸ࠊࢼࣀ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ」ྜᯒฟ+\EULG ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ ͊ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ≉ู࡞グ㍕ࡀ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ &X ⢏Ꮚࡣ Ȝ&XIFFࢆពࡍࡿࠋ ձᐇ㦂᪉ἲ ձヨᩱస〇࠾ࡼࡧ⇕ฎ⌮ ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓ౪ヨᮦࡢᏛ⤌ᡂࢆ 7DEOH ♧ࡍࠋຍᕤ◳ᣲືཬࡰࡍ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ ϩ$ ᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿ㝿ࠊẚ㍑ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿⅣ≀ࡣ 9& ࡋࡓࠋ௨ୗྛ౪ヨᮦࡢస〇ἲ࠾ࡼ ࡧຍᕤ࣭⇕ฎ⌮ࡢヲ⣽ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ձ)H&X ྜ㔠 ౪ヨᮦࡣࠊ㧗࿘Ἴ┿✵⁐ゎ⅔ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⁐〇ࡋࠊ. ࡛ NV ಖᣢᚋࠊ⇕㛫ᅽᘏࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ౪ヨᮦࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺ༢┦ᇦ࡛⁐యฎ⌮ᚋỈ෭ࡋࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࢆᯒฟࡉࡏࡿ ࡓࡵ . ࠾ࡼࡧ . ࡛ NVaNV ຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ⁐యฎ⌮ࡢ᮲௳ࡣࠊ ࠾ࡼࡧ &X 㗰࡛ࡣ .NV ࡋࡓࡀࠊ&X 㗰࡛ࡣ⤖ᬗ⢏ࡀ⢒ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡓࡵ .NV ࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ㗰ࡢຍᕤ◳ᣲືཬࡰࡍ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿ㝿ࡣࠊẚ㍑࡛࠶ࡿⅣ≀ 9&ᯒฟ≧ែࢆྠ୍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ&X 㗰ࢆ⏝࠸ . ࡛ NV ࡢຠฎ⌮ࢆࡋ ࡓࠋ ձ)H&9 ྜ㔠9& 㗰࠾ࡼࡧ )H&X&9 ྜ㔠&X9& 㗰 ౪ヨᮦࡣࠊ┿✵⁐ゎࡼࡗ࡚⁐〇ࡋࡓᚋࠊ. ࡛ NV ಖᣢᚋࠊ⇕㛫ᅽᘏࡋࡓࠋᚓ ࡽࢀࡓヨᩱࡣ )LJ ♧ࡍຍᕤ࣭⇕ฎ⌮ࢆࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊ$U 㞺ᅖẼ୰࡛ .NV ࡢ ⁐యฎ⌮ᚋࠊỈ෭ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࢇ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ⤌⧊ࡋࠊࡘ࠸࡛ 9& 㗰࡛ࡣⅣ≀9& ⢏Ꮚࢆࠊ&X9& 㗰࡛ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚ 9& ⢏Ꮚࢆᯒฟࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ .NV ࡢ↝㕌ࢆࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ . ࡛ V ຍ⇕ࡋ࡚ 9& ࡢ㒊ศ⁐యࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢ⅔෭ࡼࡾẕ┦ࢆࣇ࢙ࣛ ࢺ⤌⧊ࡋࡓࠋ ձᐇ㦂᪉ἲ ձ⤌⧊ほᐹ ⤌⧊ほᐹࡣࠊගᏛ㢧ᚤ㙾௨ୗࠊග㢧࠾ࡼࡧຍ㏿㟁ᅽ N9࠾ࡼࡧ N9ࡢ㏱㐣ᆺ㟁 Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾௨ୗࠊ7(0ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋග㢧⤌⧊ࡣࠊ◊☻⣬ࡼࡿ‵ᘧ◊☻࠾ࡼࡧ$O2 ᠱ⃮ᾮࡼࡿࣂࣇ◊☻ࡢᚋࠊࢼࢱࣝ⁐ᾮ࡛⭉㣗ࡋࡓヨᩱࡘ࠸࡚ほᐹࡋࡓࠋ7(0⤌⧊ ࡣࠊࣂࣝࢡヨᩱࡽᨺ㟁ຍᕤࡼࡾȭPPࡢᯈࢆษࡾฟࡋࠊ‵ᘧ◊☻ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᚋࠊ㐣 ሷ⣲㓟㓑㓟⁐ᾮࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢶࣥࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ◊☻ἲࡼࡾⷧ⭷ࡋࡓヨᩱࡘ࠸࡚ほᐹ ࡋࡓࠋ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣࠊ$670ᶆ‽⤌⧊ࡢẚ㍑ἲࡼࡾ ᐃࡋࠊබ⛠⢏ᚄࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ ձ&X ⢏Ꮚࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄ ᐃ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚᚄ d p ࡣࠊ7(0 ⤌⧊ࡼࡾ a ಶࡢ⢏Ꮚࢆ↓సⅭ㑅ᐃࡋ࡚ࠊࡑ ࢀࡽࡢᖹᆒ್࡛ホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊほᐹࡋࡓ⢏Ꮚࡢᙧ≧ࡀ⌫≧࡛࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࠊ㛗㍈▷ ㍈ࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ⢏Ꮚᚄࡋࡓࠋ ϩ$ ձ&X ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡢ ᐃ &X⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸PHDQSDUWLFOHVSDFLQJȢࡣࠊ7(0⤌⧊ࡼࡾ ᐃࡋࡓᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚ ᚄྛຠ ᗘ࡛ࡢ⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚⋡Iࡽࠊᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚ホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊయ✚⋡ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ)H&Xඖ≧ែᅗ ࡽྛຠ ᗘ࡛ࡢ&Xࡢᅛ⁐㝈ࢆồࡵࠊῧຍ㔞ࡽᅛ ⁐㔞ࢆᕪࡋᘬ࠸ࡓṧࡾࡢ&X⃰ᗘࡼࡾồࡵࡓࠋ O 1.25 3 S dp 6f d p 2 S dp 4 dp >QP@ ࣭࣭࣭ ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ d p ࠊ d 2p ࠊ d 3p ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀGSࠊGSࠊGSࡢᖹᆒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ձᘬᙇヨ㦂 ᘬᙇヨ㦂ࡣࠊ)LJ ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞Წࡶࡋࡃࡣᯈ≧ᘬᙇヨ㦂∦ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᘬᙇᅽ⦰ヨ 㦂ᶵ7&0N1%ࠊ࣑ࢿ࣋〇ࡼࡾࠊࢡࣟࢫ࣊ࢵࢻ㏿ᗘ PPVึᮇṍ㏿ᗘ Vࡢ᮲௳ୗ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ձ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᯒฟᙉ⌮ㄽ እ㒊ࡽ࠶ࡿࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊȫࡀຍࢃࡾࠊ)LJ ♧ࡍࡼ࠺㌿ࡀࡘࡢᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ ࣆࣥṆࡵࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫ゅᗘȟࡲ࡛ᙇࡾฟࡋࡓሙྜࢆᐃࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡁࠊ༢㛗ࡉ ࡢ㌿ࡀཷࡅࡿᛂຊࡣȫE࡞ࡿࡀࠊ㌿ࢆᙇࡾฟࡉࡏࡿࡣࠊȫEࡀ࠶ࡿࡋࡁ࠸ⓗ࡞ᛂ ຊȫEࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᇶᆅࡢᙉᗘࢆ♧ࡍࢆ㉺࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊȫȫ࡛࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿᛂຊǼȫࡀᐇ㝿㌿ࢆȟࡔࡅᙇࡾฟࡉࡏࡿࡢᚲせ࡞᭷ຠࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊ࡞ࡿࠋຊ ࡢ㔮ࡾྜ࠸ࡽࠊ୍ࡘࡢᯒฟ⢏ᏊࡼࡿࣆࣥṆࡵຊ.⥺ᙇຊ7ࡢ㛫ࡣḟᘧࡀᡂ❧ ࡍࡿࠋ K 2T sin T ࣭࣭࣭ ࡲࡓࠊࣆࣥṆࡵຊ.㌿ࡀ⢏Ꮚ㛫ᙇࡾฟࡍࡢせࡍࡿຊ ǼȫEȢࡢ㔮ࡾྜ࠸ࢆ ⪃៖ࡍࡿࠊḟᘧࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋ 'W W W 2DGb O sin T ࣭࣭࣭ T DGb 2 Ș㸸ᐃᩘ *㸸๛ᛶ⋡*3D E㸸ࣂ࣮࣮࢞ࢫ࣋ࢡࢺࣝ㕲ࡢཎᏊ༙ᚄ㸹QP ϩ$ ࡇࡢࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊ 7D\ORU ᅉᏊ0ࢆࡌ࡚ࠊಀᩘ 0Ș ࢆ ș ࡛⨨ࡁ࠼ࡿࠊᘬᙇᛂຊ ǼȪࡋ࡚ḟᘧࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 'V V V EGb sin T ࣭࣭࣭ O V 㸸㝆అᛂຊࠊ V 㸸ᇶᆅࡢᙉᗘ ࡇࡢᘧ࡛ࡣࠊȟ ࡀ ȧ ࡢࡁ ǼȪ ࡀ᭱ࡢ್ࢆࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡣࠊ ⢏Ꮚࡀ㌿ࢆࣆࣥṆࡵࡍࡿࡢ༑ศ࡞ᙉᗘࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡢࡳ㉳ࡇࡾࠊȟ ࡀ ࢎࢆ ㉺࠼ࡓẁ㝵࡛㌿ࡣ⢏Ꮚࢆ㎽ᅇࡋࠊࡑࡢ࿘ࡾ㌿࣮ࣝࣉࢆṧࡋ࡚๓㐍ࡍࡿ2URZDQ ᶵ ᵓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡁࡢᯒฟᙉ㔞ࡣḟᘧ࡛࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 'V E Gb ࣭࣭࣭ O ୍᪉ࠊFXWWLQJᶵᵓࡸୖ᪼㐠ື࡞ࡀാࡁࠊ⢏ᏊࡢࣆࣥṆࡵຊࡀᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜࡣࠊȟࡀȧ 㐩ࡍࡿ๓㌿ࡣ⢏Ꮚࡽ㞳⬺ࡋᚓࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㞳⬺ࡍࡿ⮫⏺ࡢ ゅᗘࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࢀࡤࠊᘧࡼࡾǼȪࢆᯒฟᙉ㔞ࡋ࡚ぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢ⮫⏺ゅᗘࡣࠊᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ࢆᫎࡋࡓࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ᯒฟᙉ㔞ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࠋᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊ⮫⏺ᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࢆȟFᐃ⩏ࡋ2URZDQᶵ ᵓ࡛ࡣȟF ࢎࠊᐊ ࡛ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ࡢホ౯⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊȟFȢ ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃៖ධࢀࠊ)H&Xྜ㔠࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟᙉ㔞ࢆᐃᘧࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ㌿ࢆࣆࣥṆ ࡵࡍࡿ⢏Ꮚࡢ᭷ຠ࡞㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡣࠊ㌿ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ༢ ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡽồࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᮏᐇ㦂ࡢㄪᰝ⠊ ᅖȢ QPaQP࡛ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡔࡅࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᘧ࡛Ȣࢆ㏆ఝⓗぢ✚ࡶ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ❶ ࠋࡲࡓࠊಀᩘșࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᘧࢆ⏝ ࠸࡚ࠊ2URZDQᶵᵓࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘⅣ≀ࢆศᩓࡉࡏࡓ㗰ࡢᐊ ࠾ࡅࡿ⪏ຊ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫 㛫㝸ࡽࠊ ࠸࠺್ࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊಀᩘșࡀ㌿ࡢࡍࡾ⣔౫Ꮡࡍࡿ 7D\ORUᅉᏊ ㌿ⰺ࡞ࡽࡧ㌿ࡢᛂຊሙࡢࡁࡉ౫Ꮡࡍࡿ⥺ᙇຊࡢಀᩘ ࡽ ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࡇࡽࠊࡑࡢ ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࡣᑠࡉ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ձ ⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ ձ&X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿ⢏Ꮚศᩓᙉᶵᵓ ձຠฎ⌮๓ࡢึᮇ⤌⧊ )LJ ࡣࠊ⁐యฎ⌮ᚋỈ෭ࡋࡓ)H&Xྜ㔠ࡢග㢧⤌⧊ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢヨᩱ࠾࠸ ࡚ࡶࠊ⤖ᬗ⢏⏺ࡀつ๎࡞ᙧ≧ࢆࡋࡓ࣐ࢵࢩࣈࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ⤌⧊ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ&X㗰 &X㗰࡛ࡣࠊ▮༳࡛♧ࡍࡼ࠺㔪≧ࡢ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ⤌⧊ࡶ୍㒊⏕ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ϩ$ ࣇ࢙ࣛࢺࡢ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣࠊ&X㗰࡛ࡣ ȣPࠊ&X㗰࡛ࡣ ȣPࠊ&X㗰࡛ࡣ ȣP࡛ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⏕ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ⤌⧊ࡀᚤ㔞࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊࡉࡽ .ࡸ .࠸࠺ 㧗 ࡛ࡢಖᣢ࡛ࡣ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ⤌⧊ࡢ㌿ࡢᐦᗘࡣ༑ศపୗࡍࡿࡇࡽࠊຠฎ⌮ ࡋ࡚&X⢏Ꮚࢆᯒฟࡉࡏࡓヨᩱࡢᙉᗘࡣ㌿ᙉࡢᙳ㡪ࡣྵࡲࢀ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⤖ ᬗ⢏ᚄࡢᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽ᙉࡢほⅬࡽ⪃࠼ࡿࠊaȣP࠸࠺⠊ᅖ ࡛ࡣࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ↓ど࡛ࡁࡿ⛬ᑠࡉ࠸ࠋ)LJ ࡣࠊ๓ᥖ)LJ ࡢ㗰ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ(%63ἲ ࡼࡾ⤖ᬗ᪉ゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢヨᩱ࡛ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⤖ᬗ⢏ࡣࣛࣥ ࢲ࣒࡞᪉ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᙉᗘཬࡰࡍᙎᛶ␗᪉ᛶࡢᙳ㡪ࡣࢇ࡞࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽࠊຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓヨᩱࡢᙉᗘࡣࠊᇶᆅࡢᙉᗘ&X⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ㔞 ᨭ㓄ࡉࢀࡿ⪃࠼࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ ձ&X ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸Ȣࡢホ౯ )LJ ࡣࠊ.࡛ࡢຠฎ⌮క࠺)H&Xྜ㔠ࡢ◳ࡉࡢኚࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ㗰✀࡛ ࡶࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟ࣭ᡂ㛗㉳ᅉࡋࡓᆺⓗ࡞ຠ◳࠾ࡼࡧ㐣ຠ㌾ᣲືࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋຠฎ⌮ࡢึᮇࣆ࣮ࢡ๓࡛ࡣࠊᇶᆅᩚྜ㛵ಀ࠶ࡿEFFᵓ㐀ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡀᯒฟࡍࡿ ࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㝿ࡢᙉᗘࡣ⢏Ꮚࡲࢃࡾࡢᩚྜṍࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ㐣ຠẁ㝵࡞ࡿࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᡂ㛗క࠸⢏Ꮚᇶᆅࡢᩚྜ㛵ಀࡣኻࢃࢀ࡚࠸ ࡁࠊ㌿ࡣ⢏Ꮚ┤᥋┦స⏝ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ&X⢏ᏊࡼࡿᯒฟᙉࡣȢȟF ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᘧ࡛ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ )LJ ࡣࠊ㐣ຠẁ㝵࡛ຠฎ⌮ࢆࡋࡓ &X㗰ࡢ7(0⤌⧊ࡑࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢศᕸࡢ୍ ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&X⢏Ꮚࡀࣇ࢙ࣛࢺᇶᆅ୰ᚤ⣽ࡘᆒ୍ᯒฟࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚᚄ ࡣ QP࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ)LJE♧ࡍࡼ࠺⢏Ꮚᚄࡣ aQPࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡤࡽࡘ࠸࡚ ࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺➨┦⢏Ꮚࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄศᕸࡢࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀ࠶ࡿࡁࠊᖹᆒ ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢࡳࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ȣࢆồࡵ࡚ࡣࡁ࡞ㄗᕪࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢศᕸࢆ⤫ィᏛⓗฎ⌮ࡋ࡚Ȣࢆồࡵࡿ୰ᓥࡽࡢ᪉ἲ ᘧࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓࠋ)LJ ࡣࠊ.࡛ࡢຠฎ⌮క࠺ᖹᆒ&X⢏Ꮚᚄࡢኚ ࡑࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄࢆࡶᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚⟬ฟࡉࢀࡿ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢᖹᆒ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡢኚࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ຠฎ⌮㛫ࡢ⤒㐣క࠸&X⢏Ꮚࡣᡂ㛗ࡋࠊࡑࢀᑐᛂࡋ࡚⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡶࡁࡃ࡞ ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ&X㔞ࡢቑຍక࠸⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓヨᩱ࡛ࡣࠊ&X⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡀຠฎ⌮㛫&X㔞ࡼࡾ ᗈ࠸⠊ᅖ࡛ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ձ&X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ㔞ǼȪࡢぢ✚ࡶࡾ ຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓヨᩱ࡛ࡣࠊ&X⢏ᏊࡼࡿᯒฟᙉࡢࡁࡉǼȪࡣࠊ㝆అᛂຊȪࡽ ϩ$ ᇶᆅࡢᙉᗘȪࢆᕪࡋᘬ࠸ࡓ್࡛ホ౯ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࠋᐊ ᘬᙇヨ㦂౪ࡍࡿ㗰࡛ࡣࠊຠ ฎ⌮ᚋỈ෭ࡋ࡚⤌⧊ࢆ⤖ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊ.ࡸ .࠸࠺ຠฎ⌮ ᗘ࡛ࡢ&Xࡢᅛ⁐㝈 ┦ᙜࡍࡿ㔞ࡢ&Xࡀᇶᆅ୰ᅛ⁐ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㔞ࡢ&X࡛ᅛ ⁐ᙉࡉࢀࡓࣇ࢙ࣛࢺࡢᙉᗘࡀᇶᆅࡢᙉᗘ┦ᙜࡍࡿ⪃࠼࡚ࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ୍⯡ࠊ ⁐㉁⃰ᗘࡢᑠࡉ࠸ྜ㔠⣔࡛ࡣࠊᅛ⁐ᙉ㔞ࡀ⁐㉁ཎᏊ⃰ᗘࡢẚࡍࡿࡇࡀ▱ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊa&X㗰ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᐊ .࡛ࡢ㝆అᛂຊࢆྠᵝᅛ⁐ &X⃰ᗘࡢ࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋࠊ)LJ ♧ࡍࠋ)H&Xྜ㔠࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㝆అᛂຊᅛ⁐&X㔞 ࡢ㛫┤⥺㛵ಀࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. .࡛ࡢ&Xࡢᅛ⁐㝈ࡀ PDVV࡛࠶ ࡿࡇࡽࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡀᯒฟࡋࡓ㗰࠾ࡅࡿᐊ ࡛ࡢᇶᆅࡢᙉᗘࡣ 03D࠾ࡼࡧ 03D ࡑࢀࡒࢀぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ㔞ࡣࠊᘬᙇヨ㦂 ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡿ㝆అᛂຊࢆ⏝࠸࡚ḟᘧ࡛࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ 'V V 130 >03D@ DJHGDW. 'V V 146 >03D@ DJHGDW. ձ&X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉᶵᵓ )LJ ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ㔞ǼȪࢆ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸Ȣࡢ㏫ᩘ࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓ ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᅗ୰ࡢ⣽⥺ࡣࠊ⮫⏺ᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࢆᵝࠎ࠼ࡓሙྜࡢ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽 㛫㛫㝸ᯒฟᙉ㔞ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ㗰✀࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸 ࡢపୗక࠸ᯒฟᙉ㔞ࡣቑຍࡍࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ್ࡣ 2URZDQ ᛂຊȟF ࢎࢆୗᅇࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢᕪࡣ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡢపୗక࠸ࡁࡃ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ)LJ ࡣࠊࡢᘬᙇṍࢆࡋࡓ &X 㗰ࡘ࠸࡚ :HDN%HDP ἲࡼࡾ ほᐹࡋࡓ 7(0 ⤌⧊ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࣇ࢙ࣛࢺᇶᆅ୰ศᩓࡋࡓ &X ⢏Ꮚከࡃࡢ㌿ࡀ⤡ࡲࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢࡲࢃࡾࡣ㌿࣮ࣝࣉࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ㝆అ ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࠊ㌿ࡀ &X ⢏Ꮚࢆ㎽ᅇࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡏࢇ᩿ࡋ࡚㏻㐣ࡍࡿFXWWLQJ ᶵᵓࡇ ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ)LJ ࡣࠊ๓ᥖ )LJ ࡢ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ᯒฟᙉ㔞ࢆᘧ ௦ධࡋ࡚ồࡵࡓ VLQȟF ᖹᆒ &X ⢏Ꮚᚄ d p ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&X ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ ᚑ࠸㌿ࡢ⮫⏺ᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘȟFࡣቑຍࡋࠊࡑࢀᑐᛂࡋ࡚ VLQȟF ࡶቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ d p QP ࡛ VLQȟF ࡣ᭱ࡢ ȟF ࢎ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽࠊ㌿ ࡀ &X ⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿࡢᚲせ࡞ᛂຊࡣࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ⛬ቑࡋࠊ⮫⏺ࢧ ࢬ࡛࠶ࡿ QP ࡛ 2URZDQ ᛂຊ༉ᩛࡍࡿ್࡞ࡿ⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ ձᯒฟᙉᆺ )H&X ྜ㔠ࡢᙉᗘண ϩ$ ᐊ ࡢሙྜࠊVLQȟF ࡢ್ࡣࠊ๓ᥖ )LJ ࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ d p QP ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚᚄ ࡢ㛵ᩘࡋ࡚ḟᘧ࡛⾲ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ sin șc sin( 25q 0.76q u dp ) ࣭࣭࣭ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᘧࢆᘧ௦ධࡍࢀࡤࠊᐊ ࡛ࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ㔞ࢆḟᘧࡢࡼ ࠺ぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 'V 3.2Gb O sin(25q 0.76q u dp ) >3D@࣭࣭࣭ ࡲࡓࠊ GS ӍQP ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣࠊVLQȟF ࡞ࡿࡇࡽࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ㔞ࡣ 2URZDQ ᛂຊྠ➼࡞ḟᘧ࡛ぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 'V 3.2Gb O >3D@࣭࣭࣭ )LJ ࡣࠊᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚ぢ✚ࡶࡗࡓ &X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ㔞⢏Ꮚᚄࡢ㛵 ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ&X 㗰ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊVLQȟF ȟF ࢎࡋ࡚ồࡵࡓ 2URZDQ ᛂຊ ࡶྠ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ)H&X ྜ㔠࠾ࡅࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ㔞ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀ QP ௨ୖࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣ 2URZDQ ᛂຊ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀ QP ᮍ‶ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣ 2URZDQ ᛂຊࡼࡾప࠸್ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡃࠊ&X 㗰࡛ࡣࠊQP ࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࢆศᩓࡉࡏࡓሙྜࠊ୧ᛂ ຊࡢᕪࡀ 03D ࡶ㐩ࡍࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽࠊᮦᩱࡢ㧗ᙉᗘࢆィࡿ㝿ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡾࡶ 2URZDQ ᶵᵓࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘⅣ ≀ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ᪉ࡀ୍ぢዲࡲࡋ࠸ࡼ࠺ᛮ࠼ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛௨ୖ㧗࠸ᙉᗘࡀせồ ࡉࢀࡓሙྜࠊᘏᛶࡸ㠌ᛶࡢほⅬࡽῧຍࡋᚓࡿⅣ⣲㔞ࡣไ㝈ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㗰୰ࡢⅣ⣲ 㔞ࢆከࡃࡋ࡚ᙉᗘࢆቑࡉࡏࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ&X ࡣ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼࢺᇦ ࡛ࡢ⁐యฎ⌮ࡑࡢᚋࡢຠฎ⌮ࡼࡾከ㔞ࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࢆᐜ᫆ศᩓࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀྍ ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐊ ࡛ࡢᘏ࣭㠌ᛶࡶ࠶ࡲࡾᦆ࡞ࢃ࡞࠸࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᙉ ᗘ㸫㠌ᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆ☜ಖࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㗰ࡢ㧗ᙉᗘࢆィࡗ࡚ࡺࡃࡣࠊ&X ⢏ᏊⅣ≀ࡢ」 ྜᯒฟࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊḟ⠇࡚ヲ⣽ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ձ◳㉁⢏Ꮚ㌾㉁ &X ⢏Ꮚ࠾ࡅࡿຍᕤ◳ᣲືࡢᕪ␗ ձ ᘬᙇヨ㦂๓ࡢෆ㒊⤌⧊ )LJࠊ)LJ ࡣྛ⇕ฎ⌮ᚋ࠾ࡅࡿ &X㗰௨ୗࠊ&X㗰ࠊ9&㗰ࡢග㢧┿࠾ࡼࡧ (%63ἲࡼࡾᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᬗ᪉࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢീࢆ♧ࡍࠋ୧౪ヨᮦࡶࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ⢏ࡀࣛࣥ ࢲ࣒࡞⤖ᬗ᪉ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㞟ྜ⤌⧊ࡢ㢧ⴭ࡞Ⓨ㐩ࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡽࠊᙉᗘཬ ࡰࡍᙎᛶ␗᪉ᛶࡢᙳ㡪ࡣࢇ࡞࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ౪ヨᮦࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⤖ᬗ᪉ ϩ$ ࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢീࢆ⏝࠸࡚⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋග㢧⤌⧊࡛ࡣᑠゅ⢏⏺ゅ⢏⏺ࢆ༊ ูࡍࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡀࠊ⤖ᬗ᪉࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢീࡣ୧⪅ࡢ༊ูࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㝆అᙉᗘࢆ ㆟ㄽࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ᭷ຠ࡞⢏ᚄࡢホ౯ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ୧౪ヨᮦࡢᖹᆒ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣ&X㗰 ࡛ wPࠊ9&㗰࡛ࡣ wP࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄⱝᖸࡢ㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ+DOO3HWFK ࡢ㛵ಀࡼࡾぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡿ୧౪ヨᮦࡢ㝆అᙉᗘࡢᕪࡣ⣙ 03D࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽ᙉ ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ↓ど࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊⴭ⪅ࡽࡣࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ㗰࠾࠸࡚⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡢ㐪 ࠸ࡼࡿຍᕤ◳ࡢᕪ␗ࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ )LJࠊ)LJ ࡣྛ⇕ฎ⌮ᚋࡢ&X㗰9&㗰ࡢ7(0┿࠾ࡼࡧ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢศᕸࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ୧౪ヨᮦࡶ➨┦⢏Ꮚࡀẕ┦୰ᆒ୍ศᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡀ࠺ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋ⢏Ꮚᚄ ᐃ ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ➨┦⢏Ꮚࡢᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚᚄ d p ࡣ୧౪ヨᮦࡶ QP࡛࠶ࡾࠊ➨┦⢏Ꮚࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄ ศ ᕸ ࡶ ࡰ ➼ ࡋ ࠸ ࠋ ࡉ ࡽ )H&X ඖ ⣔ ≧ ែ ᅗ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ⇕ ຊ Ꮫ ィ ⟬ ࢯ ࣇ ࢺ 7KHUPR&DOFࢆ⏝࠸࡚సᡂࡋࡓ࠾ࡼࡧ)H9&ྜ㔠≧ែᅗ)LJࡽࠊ⇕ฎ⌮ᚋ ࠾ࡅࡿ➨┦⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚⋡Iࡣ୧౪ヨᮦࡶ⣙ YRO࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽ୧౪ヨᮦ࠾ࡅࡿ➨┦⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡣྠࡌ⪃࠼࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ ձᘬᙇኚᙧᣲືཬࡰࡍ &X ⢏Ꮚ࠾ࡼࡧⅣ≀⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪 )LJ &X 㗰࠾ࡼࡧ 9& 㗰ẚ㍑ᮦࡋ࡚⣧㕲ࡢබ⛠ᛂຊබ⛠ṍ᭤⥺ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&X 㗰 9& 㗰࡛ࡣ➨┦⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡀࡰྠࡌࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊ9& 㗰ࡢ࠺ࡀ㧗࠸㝆అ ᙉᗘࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ๓⠇࡛♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ 9& ⢏Ꮚ࡛ࡣ㌿ࡀ㎽ᅇࡍࡿ2URZDQ ᶵᵓ࡛࠶ ࡿࡢᑐࡋࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡣ㌿ࡏࢇ᩿ࡉࢀࡿFXWWLQJ ᶵᵓࡇࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ ୧㗰✀࠾ࡅࡿᘬᙇ≉ᛶࡢᕪ␗ࡣ㝆అᙉᗘࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊຍᕤ◳ᣲືࡶࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ)LJ ࡣࠊ)LJ ࡼࡾồࡵࡓ &X 㗰ࠊ9& 㗰࠾ࡼࡧ⣧㕲ࡢᘬ ᙇኚᙧక࠺┿ᛂຊࠊຍᕤ◳⋡ࡢኚࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&X 㗰ࡣኚᙧึᮇ࠾࠸࡚ࡁ࡞ຍᕤ◳ ⋡ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡢᚋᛴ⃭ຍᕤ◳⋡ࡀపୗࡋࠊ⣧㕲ࢇኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ຍ ᕤ◳ᣲືࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊ9& 㗰࡛ࡣ &X 㗰➨┦⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡀྠࡌࡶࢃ ࡽࡎࠊ&X 㗰ࡼࡾࡶ㠀ᖖࡁ࡞ຍᕤ◳ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ )LJ ࡣࠊ)LJ ࡛ᛂຊ㸫ࡦࡎࡳ᭤⥺ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ &X 㗰࠾ࡼࡧ 9& 㗰࠾࠸࡚ ࡢᘬ ᙇࡦࡎࡳࢆຍ࠼ࡓࡁࡢ 7(0 ⤌⧊ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&X 㗰࡛ࡣࠊ㌿ࡣ⢏Ꮚᘬࡗࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᵝ Ꮚࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊಶࠎࡢ㌿ࡀ᫂☜ุู࡛ࡁࠊ㌿ྠኈࡢ⤡ࡳྜ࠸ࡸ &X ⢏Ꮚ ㏆࡛ࡢⴭࡋ࠸㌿ᐦᗘࡢቑࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋࠊ9& 㗰࡛ࡣ㌿ࡢ㐠ືࡀ⢏Ꮚ 㜼ᐖࡉࢀ࡚ከࡃࡢ㌿ࡀ⢏Ꮚࡢ㏆ഐ࡛」㞧⤡ࡳྜࡗࡓᵝᏊࡀほᐹࡉࢀࠊẕ┦ࡢ㌿ᐦ ᗘࡀ㠀ᖖ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺➨┦⢏Ꮚࡢ✀㢮ࡼࡗ࡚ኚᙧ⤌⧊ࡀ␗࡞ࡾࠊ ẕ┦୰ࡢ㌿ᐦᗘᕪࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊຍᕤ◳ᣲືࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࡇࡢ㌿ᐦᗘࡢ ϩ$ ᕪࡀཎᅉ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ୍⯡ᮦᩱࡢຍᕤ◳㔞ǼȪZࡣࠊ㌿ᐦᗘ㛵㐃࡙ࡅ࡚%DLOH\+LUVFKࡢᘧᘧ ࡋ࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋ 'V w DGb U ࣭࣭࣭ )LJࡣᘧࡽ&X㗰ࠊ9&㗰࠾ࡼࡧ⣧㕲ࡢᘬᙇኚᙧ୰࠾ࡅࡿ㌿ᐦᗘࡢኚࢆ ぢ✚ࡶࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋᘬᙇኚᙧ୰ࡢẕ┦ࡢ㌿ᐦᗘࡣࠊኚᙧࡢ㐍⾜ࡶቑࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡃࠋࡇࡢ㝿ࠊྠࡌࡦࡎࡳ㔞ࡀຍࢃࡗࡓሙྜࡣ9&㗰ࡢ࠺ࡀ&X㗰ࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸㌿ᐦᗘ ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ9&⢏Ꮚࡀ&X⢏Ꮚẚ࡚㌿ࡢ㐠ືᑐࡍࡿ㞀ᐖ≀ࡋ࡚ࡢᐤࡀࡁ ࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ๓⠇ࡲ࡛㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ&X㗰ࡢ㝆అᙉᗘࡣࠊ㌿ࡀ⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿFXWWLQJᶵᵓ࡛ ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࠋረᛶኚᙧ୰ヨᩱෆ㒊࡛ࡣ㝆అࡼࡾࡶࡁ࡞እ㒊ࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㌿ࡣᖖ⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡣᚋ⥆ࡢ㌿ࡗ࡚ ࡁ࡞㞀ᐖࡣ࡞ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣ)LJ࠾࠸࡚&X⢏Ꮚࡀศᩓࡋࡓ ヨᩱࡢኚᙧึᮇ࠸࡚ࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢ㛫ࢆ㐠ືࡍࡿ㌿ࡀ⢏Ꮚᘬࡗࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡣほᐹ ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ9&⢏Ꮚࡀศᩓࡋࡓሙྜࡢࡼ࠺⢏Ꮚ㏆ഐ࡛㌿ᐦᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞ ࡗࡓࡇࡽࡶࢃࡿࠋ୧౪ヨᮦࡢ➨┦⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡣྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⪃៖ࡍ ࡿࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ぢࡽࢀࡓຍᕤ◳ᣲືࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࠊ㝆అࡢ㝿ྠᵝࠊ➨┦⢏Ꮚࡢᛶ㉁ࡢ 㐪࠸ࡼࡿ㌿ࡢࣆࣥṆࡵຊࡢᕪࡀཎᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ձ&X⢏Ꮚ࠾ࡼࡧⅣ≀⢏Ꮚࡢ」ྜᯒฟᙉ+\EULGࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚ ๓⠇ࡲ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝࡽࠊ➨┦⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡀྠ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ◳㉁࡞Ⅳ≀⢏Ꮚࡀ 㧗࠸㝆అᙉᗘ࠾ࡼࡧࡁ࡞ຍᕤ◳ࢆ♧ࡍࡢᑐࡋࠊ㌾㉁࡞ &X ⢏Ꮚࡣ◳㉁⢏Ꮚẚ࡚ 㝆అᙉᗘ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀᑠࡉࡃࠊຍᕤ◳ࢇᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊᮏ᮶&X⢏Ꮚࡣ⁐యᚋࠊຠฎ⌮ࢆࡍࡇࡼࡾࠊࢼࣀࢧࢬ࡛ᚤ⣽ ࡘᆒ୍ศᩓࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡁ࡞≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែ ࢆࡑࢁ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࠊᚤ⣽ᯒฟࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡞Ⅳ≀ྠࡌࢧࢬࡲ࡛&X⢏Ꮚࢆ⢒ ࡉࡏ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟᙉ⬟ࢆ᭷ຠά⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࠋ&Xྵ᭷㗰࡛ࡣ QP ⛬ᗘࡢᚤ⣽&X⢏Ꮚࢆᯒฟࡉࡏࡿࡇࡣᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡾࠊࡢ&Xࢆῧຍࡋࡓሙྜࠊࡑࡢᙉ㔞 ࡀ⣙ 03Dࡲ࡛ቑຍࡍࡿࡇ)LJࠊࡲࡓ&X⢏Ꮚࡢຍᕤ◳≉ᛶࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ⢏Ꮚࡢ య✚⋡㺃⢏Ꮚᚄࢃࡽࡎ㠀ᖖᑠࡉࡃࠊ⣧㕲ࡰኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺&X⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿ㧗࠸㝆అᙉᗘప࠸ຍᕤ◳⬟ࡣࠊ㧗 ᙉᗘᮦᩱࡢᘏᛶࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㌾㉁࡞&X⢏Ꮚ◳㉁࡞Ⅳ ≀⢏Ꮚࢆ」ྜⓗศᩓࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡼࡾ㧗࠸ᙉᗘ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝඃࢀࡓᘏᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ ϩ$ ᮦᩱࡢ〇ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ௨ୗ࡛ࡣẕ┦ࡼࡾࡶ㌾㉁࡞&X⢏Ꮚ◳㉁࡞9&⢏Ꮚࡀ ಶࠎศᩓࡋࡓ&X9&㗰ࡘ࠸࡚ᘬᙇヨ㦂ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡢ≉ᛶࢆ&X࠾ࡼࡧ9&ࡀ༢⊂࡛ศᩓࡋ ࡓሙྜẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ )LJࡣ&X9&㗰ࡢ⤖ᬗ᪉࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢീ࠾ࡼࡧ7(0⤌⧊ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ➼㍈ࡘࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡞ ⤖ᬗ᪉ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ⢏⤌⧊࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᖹᆒ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣwP࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ ẕ┦୰&X⢏Ꮚ9&⢏Ꮚࡀูࠎศᩓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡁࡉࡣ9&⢏Ꮚࡀ༢⊂࡛ศᩓࡋࡓ ሙྜࡰྠࡌࡁࡉ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢᑐࡋࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡣ&X㗰ẚ࡚ᚤ⣽ᯒฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ )LJࡣ&X㗰ࠊ9&㗰࠾ࡼࡧ&X9&㗰ࡢබ⛠ᛂຊ̺බ⛠ࡦࡎࡳ᭤⥺ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ ែࡀྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ༢⣧࡞ẚ㍑ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ&X9&㗰ࡣ&X⢏Ꮚ9&⢏Ꮚࡀูࠎศ ᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊྛ⢏Ꮚࡀ༢⊂࡛ศᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ&X㗰ࡸ9&㗰ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚⢏Ꮚࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡀ 㠀ᖖᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡸ9&⢏Ꮚࢆ༢⊂࡛ศᩓࡉࡏࡓሙྜẚ࡚㧗࠸㝆 అᙉᗘࢆ♧ࡍࠋ)LJࡣࠊ)LJࡼࡾồࡵࡓᘬᙇኚᙧక࠺┿ᛂຊࠊຍᕤ◳⋡ࡢኚ ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&X9&㗰ࡢຍᕤ◳⋡ࡣࠊ9&㗰ࡰྠᵝࡢᣲືࢆࡾࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟࡣ㝆అ ᙉᗘࢆୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊຍᕤ◳ᣲືࡣࢇᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ )LJࡣࠊ௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚&X⢏Ꮚ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࢆ」ྜศᩓࡉࡏࡓሙྜࡢⅬࢆᴫ ᛕⓗ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡀ༢⊂࡛ศᩓࡋࡓヨᩱࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚⋡ࡸࡁࡉ ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖࡁ࡞ຍᕤ◳ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࡇࡽࡉࡽ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚⋡ࢆቑຍࡉࡏ㧗 ᙉᗘࢆᅗࢁ࠺ࡍࡿࠊ㝆అ┤ᚋࡢຍᕤ◳ࡀ㠀ᖖࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊ᪩ᮇረ ᛶᏳᐃ࡞ࡾ༑ศ࡞ᘏᛶࡢ☜ಖࡀᅔ㞴࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡀศᩓࡋࡓヨᩱ୰ &X⢏Ꮚࡀศᩓࡍࡿࠊᐜ᫆㝆అᙉᗘࡢࡳࢆୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ࡞࠾ࡘ&X⢏Ꮚࡀ ᛴ⃭࡞ຍᕤ◳ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡢࡳࡀศᩓࡋࡓヨᩱྠᵝࡢຍᕤ◳ ᣲືࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡢࡳࡀศᩓࡋࡓሙྜྠ⛬ᗘࡢᘏᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ ࡿࠋ୍⯡ࠊ㏻ᖖࡢᙉᶵᵓࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊᮦᩱࡢ㝆అᙉᗘࢆୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿሙྜࠊᘏᛶࡣప ୗࡍࡿሙྜࡀࢇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡀศᩓࡋࡓᮦᩱ୰◳㉁⢏Ꮚ ู&X⢏Ꮚࢆᯒฟࡉࡏࢀࡤࢇᘏᛶࢆᦆ࡞࠺ࡇ࡞ࡃࠊ㝆అᙉᗘࢆୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ◳㉁⢏Ꮚศᩓࡼࡿࡁ࡞ຍᕤ◳⬟&X⢏Ꮚศᩓࡼࡿ㝆అᙉᗘࡢ ࡁ࡞ୖ᪼࠸ࡗࡓࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⢏Ꮚࡀᣢࡘ≉ᚩࢆᘬࡁฟࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅇࡣ◳㉁⢏Ꮚ ࠾ࡼࡧ&X⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࢆ㐺ษไᚚࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊⴭࡋ࠸㝆అᙉᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡣぢࡽࢀ ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢศᩓ⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚⋡ࡸ⢏Ꮚᚄࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾᙉᗘࡸᘏᛶࢆ ⮬⏤ㄪᩚ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࠊ⢏Ꮚศᩓᙉࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ձ⤖ゝ )H&X ඖྜ㔠ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉᶵᵓࢆ㌿ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘ╔┠ࡋ ϩ$ ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ௨ୗࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᚓࡓࠋ ᐊ ࡛ࡢኚᙧࡣࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀ QP ௨ୗࡢ⠊ᅖ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㌿ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ ᩿ࡋ࡚㏻㐣ࡋࠊ㌿ࡀ &X ⢏Ꮚࡽ㞳⬺ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ⮫⏺ᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡣ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀࡁࡃ࡞ ࡿᚑ࠸ቑࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ㔞ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡔࡅ࡛ ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢࡁࡉࡶ౫Ꮡࡋࠊḟᘧ࡛ぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 'V 3.2Gb O sin( 25q 0.76q u d p ) >3D@ d p QP ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀ QP ௨ୖࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣࠊ㌿ࡢ⮫⏺ᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡣ᭱ࡢ ࢎ㐩ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᙉ㔞ࡣࠊ2URZDQ ᛂຊྠ➼ḟᘧ࡛ぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࣭ 'V 3.2Gb O >3D@ d p ӍQP &X ⢏Ꮚ࠾ࡼࡧⅣ≀9&⢏Ꮚࡀศᩓࡋࡓᮦᩱࢆ⏝࠸࡚⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄ࠾ࡼࡧᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ ᮲௳య✚⋡㺃⢏Ꮚᚄ࡞ࡀࡰ➼ࡋ࠸ᮦᩱࢆస〇ࡋࠊᶵᲔⓗᛶ㉁ཬࡰࡍ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚ࠾ࡼ ࡧ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ௨ୗࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᚓࡓࠋ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓࡣࢇຍᕤ◳ᣲືᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣረᛶኚᙧ୰ࡣ㝆అ ࡼࡾࡶࡁ࡞እ㒊ࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㌿ࡣᖖ &X ⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿࡇ ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡀᚋ⥆ࡢ㌿ࡢ㞀ᐖࡣ࡞ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᚤ⣽࡞ &X ⢏Ꮚ 9& ⢏Ꮚࢆ」ྜᯒฟࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ㧗࠸ᙉᗘ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝඃࢀࡓᘏᛶ ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᮦᩱࡀᚓࡽࢀࠊ◳㉁⢏Ꮚ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡛ᙉᗘᘏᛶࢆ ⮬⏤ࢥࣥࢺ࣮࡛ࣟࣝࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ձ❶ ձ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ཬࡰࡍ㌿ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡢᙳ㡪 )LJ ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ㌿ࢆࣆࣥṆࡵࡍࡿ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ȢࡣࠊࣆࣥṆࡵ⢏Ꮚ ࡽ㞳⬺ࡍࡿ㌿ࡢ⮫⏺ᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡼࡗ࡚ኚࡍࡿࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ)LJ ࡣࠊ)ULHGHOࡀᥦࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝᇶ࡙࠸࡚సᡂࡋࡓ㌿ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘక࠺Ȣ ࡢኚ ࢆ♧ࡍࠋȟF!ࢎ࡛ࡣࠊ⪃៖ࡍࡁ㝽㛫㛫㝸Ȣ㸨ࡣࠊᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘ㛵ಀ࡞ࡃࠊᮏ ◊✲࡛᥇⏝ࡋࡓᘧࡼࡾぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡿ㝽㛫㛫㝸Ȣ୍࡛ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊȟFࢎ࡛ ࡣࠊ㌿ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿ⛬ࠊȢࡣDᘧᚑ࠸ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ ȟF ࢎࡢࡁࡣࠊȢࡣᘧࡽぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡿȢࡢ ಸࡶཬࡪࠋ ϩ$ O (sin T c ) 1 2 ª d3 d2 º « S p S p » ȟFࢎ࣭࣭࣭D « 6f d p 4 d p » ¬ ¼ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ㌿ᑐࡍࡿࣆࣥṆࡵຊࡀᙅ࠸⢏Ꮚࡀศᩓࡋࡓᮦᩱ࡛ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫 㝸ࢆṇ☜⟬ฟࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㌿ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡶ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲ せࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᮏᐇ㦂࡛ࡢ㝆అᛂຊࡽぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡓ &X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ㔞ࢆㄝ᫂ ࡍࡿࡣࠊࡑࡢᯒฟᙉ㔞ࢆᮏᩥ୰ࡢᘧ௦ධࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿḟᘧȢ ȟF ࡢ㛵ಀ ࢆ‶ࡓࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ O 3.2Gb 'V sin T c ࣭࣭࣭E Fig. 19 ࡣࠊ୍ࡋ࡚ 873K࡛ 0.6ksຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓ 3%Cu㗰ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ(2.1)ࠊ (a) ࠊ(b)ᘧ ࡽồࡲࡿnjljcࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞nj*ljcࡢ㛵ಀᐇ㦂ᐇࢆࡶ‶㊊ࡍࡿ㝽㛫㛫㝸 ㌿ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡣࠊ2 ࡘࡢ᭤⥺ࡢⅬ࡛࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡔࡅࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ (2.2)ᘧࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜẚ㍑ࡍࡿࠊljcࡣከᑡࡢㄗᕪࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ྠᵝ࡞ㄪᰝࢆᮏ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿࡍ࡚ࡢྜ㔠࡛⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁࠊ㌿ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ 5ࢎ⛬ᗘࡢㄗᕪࡋ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ್ࡣࠊFig. 13 ࡸFig. 15 ࡛ࡢ㌿ ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡢㄗᕪ⠊ᅖෆ(±10ࢎ)࠾ࡉࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢㄪᰝ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࡣࠊ㌿ࡢ ᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘ(ljc)ࢆồࡵࡿ㝿ࠊnj*ࡋ࡚⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡔࡅࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ(2.2)ᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡶᐇ 㦂⤖ᯝࡢഴྥࡸᙉᗘண ࡢᐃᘧࡣၥ㢟࡞࠸ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ձFXWWLQJ ᶵᵓ࠾ࡅࡿᙉᅉᏊ ㌿ࡼࡿᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢࡏࢇ᩿FXWWLQJᶵᵓࡣࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᇶᆅࡼࡾࡶᙉᗘࡀప࠸ ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࢭ࣓ࣥࢱࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᇶᆅࡼࡾࡶᙉᗘࡀ㧗࠸◳㉁⢏Ꮚࢆศᩓࡉࡏ ࡓሙྜࡶ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ୍⯡ࠊFXWWLQJᶵᵓ࡛ࡣࠊࡏࢇ᩿ࡉࢀࡿ⢏Ꮚࡢᢠຊࡀ㔜せ࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊ┤ᚄ㸹d p ࡢ⢏Ꮚࡢෆ㒊ᦶ᧿ᛂຊࢆȫࡍࡿࠊ㌿⏕ࡌࡿᢠຊ㸹ȫE d p ⥺ᙇຊ㸹7VLQȟFࡢ㔮ࡾྜ࠸ࡽࠊḟᘧࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋ 2T sin T c sin T c W *bd p ࣭࣭࣭ W * bd p 2T ࣭࣭࣭ ࡇࡢᘧࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡿVLQȟFࡢ್ࡀ⢏Ꮚࡢ┤ᚄ d p ᦶ᧿ᛂຊȫ㸨ᙉࡃ౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡃࠊࢭ࣓ࣥࢱࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᇶᆅࡼ ϩ$ ࡾࡶᙉᗘࡀ㧗࠸◳㉁⢏Ꮚࢆศᩓࡉࡏࡓሙྜࡣࠊȫࡀ⢏Ꮚ⮬యࡢᇶᆅࡢᙉᗘࡢࡳ㉳ᅉࡍ ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㌿ࡀࢭ࣓ࣥࢱࢺࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ⮫⏺ࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄࡣࠊ ᘧ࠾࠸࡚VLQȟF ࠊȫ *3Dȫ Ȫ\ +Yࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠾࠾ࡼࡑ QPࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡢሙྜࡣࠊ ⠇ࡼࡾ⮫⏺⢏Ꮚᚄࡣࡍ࡛ QP᫂ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᦶ᧿ᛂຊȫࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄ౫Ꮡᛶࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ)LJ ࡣࠊ୰ࡢȫከ⤖ᬗ⣧㖡ࡢࡏࢇ᩿㝆అᛂຊࢆ௦ධࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿVLQȟF⢏Ꮚᚄ d p ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡏࢇ᩿㝆అᛂຊࡣࠊ⣧㖡ࡢᘬᙇ㝆అᛂຊࢆIFF㔠ᒓࡢ7D\ORU ᅉᏊ࡛ࡗࡓ್࡛ホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊẚ㍑ࡢࡓࡵࠊᅗ୰ࡣ๓ᥖ)LJ ࡢ⤖ ᯝࡶྠ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㌿ᑐࡍࡿࣆࣥṆࡵຊࡀ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᙉᗘࡢࡳ౫Ꮡࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ ȫࡣ୍ᐃ࡞ࡾVLQȟFࡣ⢏Ꮚᚄᑐࡋ࡚┤⥺ⓗቑຍࡍࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡢ㝆అᛂຊ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡽồࡵࡓVLQȟFࡢ್ࡣࠊࡇࡢ┤⥺ࡼࡾୖศ ᕸࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢቑຍ⋡ࡣ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢቑࡶᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣࠊ &X⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿࡢせࡍࡿࣆࣥṆࡵຊࡀ⣧㖡ࡢᙉᗘࡼࡾࡶࡣࡿࡁ࠸ࡇࠊࡲ ࡓࡑࢀࡀ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢቑࡶᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ㌿ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢᢠຊࡀ⢏Ꮚࡢᙉᗘ௨ୖ࡞ࡿཎᅉࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ࠊ&X⢏ Ꮚ㕲ᇶᆅࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ&X⢏Ꮚ㕲ᇶᆅࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡣࠊIFFᵓ㐀EFF ᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡍࡾ⣔ࡀࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㌿ࡣ&X⢏Ꮚෆ࡛ศゎࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢሙྜࠊ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࠊ&X⢏Ꮚ୰ࡢ㌿ࡣ✵㛫ⓗᣊ᮰ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊࡼࡾࡁ ࡞ᢠࢆཷࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣࠊ⢏ᏊᚄࡢቑࡶVLQȟFࡢቑຍ⋡ࡀᑠࡉ ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡶ㠀ᖖࡼࡃᑐᛂࡍࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽࠊ)H&Xྜ㔠࠾ࡅࡿFXWWLQJᶵᵓ ࡛ࡣࠊᙉᗘୖ᪼&X⢏Ꮚෆ࡛ࡢ㌿ࡢศゎࡀࡁ࡞ᙺࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀᑠࡉ࠸ 㡿ᇦ࡛ࡼࡾࡁ࡞ᙉ⬟ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ձཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ (2URZDQ'LVFXVVLRQLQ7KH6\PSRVLXPRQ,QWHUQDO6WUHVVHVLQ0HWDOVDQG$OOR\V ,QVW0HWDOV/RQGRQ 㧗ᮌ⠇㞝㕲㗰ࡢᯒฟไᚚ࣓ࢱࣛࢪ࣮᭱๓⥺᪥ᮏ㕲㗰༠ᮾி 65*RRGPDQ66%UHQQHUDQG-5/RZ-U0HWDOO7UDQV $)XMLL01HPRWR+6XWRDQG.0RQPD7UDQV-SQ,QVW0HW6XSSO 0:/XLDQG,/H0D\0HW6FL .2VDPXUD+2NXGD62FKLDL07DNDVKLPD.)XUXVDND..LVKLGDDQG) .XURVDZD,6,-,QW ϩ$ $'HVKDPSV00LOLW]HUDQG:-3RROH,6,-,QW .&5XVVHOODQG/0%URZZQ$FWD0HWDOO 0HWDO+DQGERRNWK(G$PHULFDQ6RFLHW\IRU0HWDOV0DWHULDO3DUN <<HK+1DNDVKLPD+.XULVKLWD6*RWRDQG+<RVKLQDJD0DWHU7UDQV -,0 (5¦V¦QHQ6FDQG-0HWDOO ᢏ⾡㈨ᩱ㔠ᒓᮦᩱࡢᙎᛶಀᩘ᪥ᮏᶵᲔᏛᮾி ຍ⸨㞞ධ㛛㌿ㄽ ⳹ᡣᮾி '+XOODQG'-%DFRQ,QWURGXFWLRQWR'LVORFDWLRQV3HUJDPRQ3UHVV '+XOODQG'-%DFRQ,QWURGXFWLRQWR'LVORFDWLRQV3HUJDPRQ3UHVV 67DNDNLDQG<.LPXUD--SQ6RF3RZGHU3RZGHU0HWDOO (+RUQERJHQDQG5&*OHQQ7UDQV0HW6RF$,0( 65*RRGPDQ66%UHQQHUDQG-5/RZ-U0HWDOO7UDQV 3-2WKHQ0/-HQNLQVDQG*':6PLWK3KLO0DJ$ 3-2WKHQ0/-HQNLQV*':6PLWKDQG:-3K\WKLDQ3KLO0DJOHWW +1DNDVKLPD.,ZDVDNL6*RWRDQG+<RVKLQDJD0DWHU7UDQV-,0 67DNDNL1HWVX6KRUL--SQ6RF+HDW7UHDW ᾆ▱அᕞᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛᗓᏛㄽᩥ ຍ⸨㞞ධ㛛㌿ㄽ ⳹ᡣᮾி ᮌᮧᏹᮦᩱᙉᗘࡢ⪃࠼᪉ᰴࢢࢿᮾி /0%URZQ3URFWK&RQIRQWKHVWUHQJWKRI0HWDOVDQG$OOR\V ᾏ⪁ཎ⇃㞝㔠ᒓࢹ࣮ࢱࣈࢵࢡၿᮾி ϩ$ Table 1 Chemical composition of steels used in this study (mass%). C Si Mn Cu Cr Ni V Al Fe 1%Cu steel 0.007 <0.01 0.006 0.99 - - - - bal. 2%Cu steel 0.007 <0.01 0.008 1.98 - - - - bal. 3%Cu steel 0.007 <0.01 0.007 2.98 - - - - bal. VC steel 0.21 0.10 0.20 <0.003 0.51 2.00 0.87 0.030 bal. Cu-VC steel 0.21 0.10 0.20 1.99 0.52 2.00 0.88 0.031 bal. P:<10ppm, S:<11ppm, N:<37ppm, O:<14ppm J Solution treatment 1473K-1.8ks Partial solution treatment 1273K-60s J+VC Tempering 973K-0.6ks D+VC(+Cu) W.Q. W.Q. 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ຊᏛ≉ᛶ㢧ⴭ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇࡽࠊࡑࡢຊᏛ≉ᛶⓎ⌧῝࠸ࢃࡾࢆࡶࡘ㌿⢏ Ꮚࡢ┦స⏝ࡣᚑ᮶ࡽὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᐇ㦂ⓗ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㌿⤌⧊ࡢ7(0ほᐹᘬᙇ ヨ㦂ࡼࡿ㝆అᛂຊ ᐃࡽ&X⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ࡀㄪࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㸧ࠋ⌮ㄽⓗ◊✲࡛ ࡣࠊศᏊືຊᏛἲࡼࡿཎᏊࣞ࣋ࣝࡢィ⟬ᶵࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㸧ࠋ≉ࠊ ࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘࢆ♧ࡍEFF&Xᚤ⣽⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝㛵ࡋ࡚ከࡃࡢ▱ぢࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 㸦㸧 ࠋ ᯒฟึᮇࡢ‽Ᏻᐃ࡞EFF&Xᚤ⣽⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㌿ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚෆ㒊 ධࡋ࡚⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿ࢝ࢵࢸࣥࢢᶵᵓࡢぢ᪉࡛࠾࠾ࡼࡑ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㸧ࠋ୍᪉ࠊ 㐣ຠẁ㝵ࡢIFF&X㠀ᩚྜ⢏Ꮚࡢ┦స⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣぢゎࡀศࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࢝ࢵࢸࣥࢢ ᶵᵓ㸦㸧࠾ࡼࡧ㌿ࡀ⢏Ꮚࢆ㎽ᅇࡍࡿࣂࣃࢫᶵᵓ㸦㸧ࡀᥦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀 ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚᑐࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ࡢᵝᏊࢆᤊ࠼ࡓỴᐃⓗ࡞⤌⧊ほᐹ⤖ᯝࡣஈࡋ࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢཎᅉࡋ࡚ࠊȘ)Hࡢ☢ᛶࡀ7(0ࡢീ㉁ࢆⴭࡋࡃపῶࡉࡏࡿࡇࡸࠊᚤ⣽࡞EFF&Xᩚྜ⢏ Ꮚࡢሙྜࡣࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀపࡃほᐹࡀᐜ࡛᫆࡞࠸ࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ ၥ㢟Ⅼ╔┠ࡋࠊ ㌿&X⢏Ꮚࡢ┦స⏝ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆࡼࡾ᫂☜ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࠊ ௨ୗࡢᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊᐊ ᘬᙇヨ㦂ࢆ୰᩿ࡋࡓヨᩱ࠾ࡅࡿ㌿&X⢏Ꮚࡢ┦స⏝ ϩ$ ࢆ7(0࠾ࡼࡧ67(0ࡼࡾほᐹࡋࠊ ࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦ㐣ຠᮦ࡛ࡢ㌿⤌⧊ࡢᕪ␗ࢆㄪࡓࠋ ḟࠊ &X⢏Ꮚᚄࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝࡽ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᛂຊࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸦㸧ࠊᐊ ᘬᙇヨ㦂࡛ồࡵࡓ㝆అᛂຊࡢ ᐇ㦂್ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᇶࠊࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦ㐣ຠᮦ࠾ࡅࡿ㌿&X⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ ┦స⏝ࡢ㐪࠸ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ ղ㸫㸰㸬᪉ἲ ᘬᙇヨ㦂∦≧ຍᕤࡋࡓ)HPDVV&Xྜ㔠ࢆࠊ.࡛ NV⁐యฎ⌮ࡋࡓᚋࠊ&Xࢆ ᯒฟࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ .࡛ V࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ .࡛ NVࡢ⇕ฎ⌮ࢆࡋࡓࠋ๓⪅ࡢ⇕ฎ⌮ ᮦࡣࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ࡉࡢᴟ್ࢆ♧ࡍࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚋ⪅ࡣຠ㌾ࡋࡓ㐣ຠᮦ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋᐊ ࡛ࡢᘬᙇヨ㦂ࢆᐇࡋ࡚ᛂຊṍ᭤⥺ࢆᚓࡿඹࠊ⤌⧊ほᐹ⏝ ᘬᙇᚋ୰ ᩿ࡋࡓヨ㦂∦ࢆ⏝ពࡋࡓࠋᅗ㸯ࡢࡼ࠺ᘬᙇ୰᩿ヨ㦂∦ࡢ୰ኸ㒊ࡽ᩿㠃ヨᩱࢆษࡾฟࡋࠊ ⾲㠃ຍᕤᒙࢆ࢚ࢵࢳࣥࢢฎ⌮࡛ྲྀࡾ㝖࠸ࡓࠋ㞟᮰࢜ࣥࣅ࣮࣒㸦),%㸧࣐ࢡࣟࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ ἲ㸦㸧ࡼࡾࡁࡉ ȣPᅄ᪉ࠊཌࡉ ȣPࡢᚤᑠⷧ∦ࢆࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢࡋࠊⷧ∦ཌࡉࡀ QP࡞ࡿࡲ࡛),%ຍᕤࡋࡓࠋⷧ⭷㠃ࡣᘬᙇ᪉ྥᖹ⾜ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊヨᩱࡢࢧࢬࢆȣ P࣮࢜ࢲ࣮ࡲ࡛ᑠࡉࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡛Ș)Hࡢ☢ᛶࡢᙳ㡪ࡀᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࠊ7(067(0ほᐹࡀᐜ᫆࡞ ࡿඹࠊീ㉁ࡀᨵၿࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ),%ຍᕤࡢ*D࢜ࣥࣅ࣮࣒↷ᑕࡼࡾヨᩱ⾲㠃ࡣ ࢲ࣓࣮ࢪᒙࡲࡓࡣ)H*Dྜ≀ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࠊ ࡇࢀࡽࡀ㌿ࡸᚤ⣽&X⢏Ꮚࡢീほᐹ࠾ࡼࡧ⤖ᬗᵓ 㐀ゎᯒࢆᅔ㞴ࡍࡿࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓ㸦㸧ࠋపಸ⋡ീほᐹᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ$Uࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࢡ࣮ࣜࢼࡼ ࡿ⾲㠃ฎ⌮࡛࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᑐฎ࡛ࡁࡓࡀ㸦㸧ࠊ㧗ಸ⋡ほᐹࡸ㟁Ꮚᅇᢡ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ&X⢏Ꮚ)H*D ྜ≀ࡢ༊ูࡀ㞴ࡋࡃࠊゎᯒᨭ㞀ࡀฟࡓࠋ 67(0 ീほᐹᶵ⬟࢚ࢿ ࣝࢠ࣮ศᩓᆺ㹖⥺ศග⨨㸦(';㸧ࢆഛࡋࡓ㏱㐣ᆺ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾 )(,7(&1$,) ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ ㌿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ 7(067(0 ほᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ67(0 ほᐹ࡛ࡣࠊ┤ᚄ QP ⛬ᗘ᮰ࡋࡓ㟁Ꮚࣉ ࣮ࣟࣈࢆヨᩱ⾲㠃ୖ࡛ ḟඖ㉮ᰝࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊヨᩱୗ㒊ࡢᚋ↔Ⅼ㠃⨨ࡋࡓ᫂ど㔝࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ⎔≧ᬯど㔝᳨ฟჾ࡛㏱㐣㟁Ꮚࢆィᩘࡋ࡚ฟຊ⏬㠃㝵ㄪ⾲♧ࡍࡿࠋ᮰㟁Ꮚ⥺ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ 67(0 ീ࡛ࡣࠊ7(0 ീẚ࡚⤖ᬗࡢ᪉ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡸṍࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀపῶࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊᘬ ᙇኚᙧヨᩱ࠾ࡅࡿ㌿ࡸᯒฟ≀ࡢほᐹࡀ᱁ẁᐜ᫆࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊほᐹ᮲௳㸦᳨ฟჾ࡛ྲྀ ࡾ㎸ࡴ㟁Ꮚࡢᩓゅᗘ⠊ᅖ㸧ࢆ᭱㐺ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ከࡃࡢ㌿ࡸᯒฟ≀ࢆ୍ᗘほᐹ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ ࡸࠊ),% ຍᕤࡼࡿ࣮ࢸࣇࢡࢺࡢᙳ㡪ࢆຠᯝⓗᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡶ 67(0 ീࡢⅬ ࡋ࡚≉➹ࡉࢀࡿࠋ 67(0ീࡽ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᖹᆒ⢏ᚄศᕸࢆ ᐃࡋࠊ6FDWWHUJRRG%DFRQ㸦㸧ࡢᘧᇶ࡙࠸࡚࢜ࣟ ࣮࣡ࣥᛂຊȪ2Uࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓ㸦㸧ࠋ Ȫ2U ($0E^OQ'U%`ȧȤȢ $ Ȥ% 㸦ࡽࡏࢇ㌿ࡢࡁ㸧 ϩ$ $ % 㸦ล≧㌿ࡢࡁ㸧 ' ȢUVȢUV (ࡣࣖࣥࢢ⋡㸦03D㸧ࠊȤࡣ࣏ࢯࣥẚ㸦㸧ࠊ0ࡣࢸ࣮࣮ࣛᅉᏊ㸦㸧ࠊEࡣࣂ࣮࢞ ࠊUࡣ㌿ⰺࡢFXWRII༙ᚄE㹼E࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖹᆒ⢏ ࣮ࢫ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࡢࡁࡉ㸦㹫㸧 Ꮚ㛫㝸Ȣࡣḟᘧ࡛࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦㸧ࠋ Ȣ ȧUIUȧUU U ࡣ⢏Ꮚᙧ≧ࢆ⌫ᙧ㏆ఝࡋࡓࡁࡢᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚ༙ᚄ㸦67(0 ീࡽᐇ 㸧ࠊI ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚ศ ⋡࡛࠶ࡾࠊ&X ཎᏊࡀࡍ࡚ IFF&X ࡋ࡚ᯒฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௬ᐃࡋࡓ㸦)HPDVV&X )H YRO&X ࡼࡾ I 㸧 ࠋ௨ୖࡢᡭ㡰࡛ồࡵࡓȪ2Uࢆᐊ ᘬᙇヨ㦂࡛ᚓࡓ㝆అᛂຊẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ㌿ &X⢏Ꮚࡢ┦స⏝ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ ղ㸫㸱㸬⤖ᯝ ᅗ㸰ࡣࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦࡢ67(0ᬯど㔝ീ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡁࡉ QPࡢ᫂ࡿ࠸⢏Ꮚ≧ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺ ࠾ࡼࡧ㌿ࡼࡿ⥺≧ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ(';ඖ⣲࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢEࡼࡾࠊ᫂ࡿ࠸⢏Ꮚ ≧ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡣ&X⢏Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ㟁Ꮚᅇᢡ࡛ࡣIFF&XࡢᏑᅾࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞ ࡗࡓࡇࡽࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡣᚑ᮶ࡢሗ࿌㸦㸧ྠᵝࠊȘ)Hẕ┦ᩚྜ࡞EFF࠶ࡿ࠸ ࡣ༙ᩚྜ࡞ 5ࠊ5ᵓ㐀ࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㌿ࡣ&X⢏Ꮚྠኈࢆࡘ࡞ࡄࡼ࠺ศᕸࡋ ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㐣ຠᮦ㸦ᅗ㸱ࠊ㸲㸧ࡢࡼ࠺㌿ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚ⤡ࡳࡘࡃᵝᏊࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋീࢆ ࡼࡃぢࡿࠊ㌿⥺ࡢᖜࡢࡁࡉࢆࡶࡘᚤ⣽࡞㍤Ⅼ≧ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀ ࡽࡢ㍤Ⅼࡢ⨨&XཎᏊࡢᏑᅾ⨨ࡣ ᑐ ࡛ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡽࠊࡇࡢ㍤Ⅼ≧ࢥࣥࢺ ࣛࢫࢺࡣ),%ຍᕤࡼࡿ࣮ࢸࣇࢡࢺࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸㸦㸧ࠋᅗ㸱ᅗ㸲ࡣ㐣ຠᮦࡢ67(0 ᬯど㔝ീ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ),%ຍᕤヨᩱ࡛ࡣࠊⷧ⭷㠃ࡀȘ)Hẕ┦ࡢ᪉ྥࡰᖹ⾜࡛࠶ࡗࡓ ࡓࡵࠊᘬᙇ᪉ྥࡸ㌿⥺᪉ྥ࡞ࢆ㟁Ꮚᅇᢡᅗᙧࡽᐜุ᩿᫆ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ&X⢏ Ꮚࡢࡁࡉࡣ QPࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦẚ࡚⣙ ᱆ࡁ࠸ࠋ⢒࡞⢏ᏊࡣȘ)Hẕ┦ࡢ !᪉ྥ㛗ࡃぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊȘ)Hࡢ!᪉ྥἢࡗ࡚㛗㍈ࢆࡶࡘᅇ㌿ᴃయᙧ≧ࡢ IFF&X⢏Ꮚ㸦㸧ࢆ㠃ᢞᙳࡋࡓࡶࡢゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㟁Ꮚᅇᢡ࡛ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢሗ࿌㸦㸧ྠ ᵝ.XUGMXPRY6DFKVࡢ᪉㛵ಀȘ)HIFF&Xࠊ>@Ș)H>@IFF&Xࢆ‶ࡓࡍ⨨ IFF&XࡢᅇᢡᩬⅬࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ 㐣ຠᮦࡢ㌿⤌⧊ࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋᅗ㸱Dᅗ㸲Dࡢほᐹど㔝ࡣࡰྠࡌ࡛ ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㟁Ꮚᅇᢡᅗᙧࡽࢃࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ㟁Ꮚ⥺ධᑕ᪉ྥࡀ␗࡞ࡿࠋᅗ㸱࡛ࡣ>@ ᬗᖏ㍈ࡽ>@᪉ྥࢆ㍈⣙ rഴᩳࡋࡓ᪉ྥࡽ㟁Ꮚ⥺ࢆධᑕࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊJKNO ⣔⤫ᑕࡀࡸࡸບ㉳ࡉࢀࡓᅇᢡ᮲௳࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᅗ㸲࡛ࡣ J ⣔⤫ᑕ ϩ$ ࡢ᪉ࡀບ㉳ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㌿ࡢࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀᾘ⁛ࡍࡿᅇᢡ᮲௳ J࣭E 㸦J ࡣ ᅇᢡ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࠊE ࡣ㌿ࡢࣂ࣮࣮࢞ࢫ࣋ࢡࢺࣝ㸧ࡀ ࡘࡢീ࡛␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋEFF ࡢȘ)H ࡛ ࡣ E !D㸦D ࡣ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ㸧 ࠊࡍࡾ᪉ྥࡣ!࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡍࡾ㠃ࡣ^`ࠊ^`ࠊ^` ࡞」ᩘ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡍࡾ⣔ほᐹ㡿ᇦࡢȘ)H ࡢᘬᙇ᪉ྥ>@ ࡽ 6FKPLG ᅉᏊࢆィ⟬ࡋࠊୖグࡢᅇᢡ᮲௳↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡏࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㌿ ࡢ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆヨࡳࡓࠋࡍࡾ㠃ࢆ^`௬ᐃࡋࡓሙྜࠊᅗ㸱࡛ࡣ 6FKPLG ᅉ Ꮚࡀ᭱ ࡢ>@ࡲࡓࡣ>@ࡍࡾࠊᅗ㸲࡛ࡣ 6FKPLG ᅉᏊࡀ ␒┠ ࡁ࠸ ࡢ>s@ࡍࡾᑐᛂࡍࡿ㌿ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋ ᅗ㸱Eࡣᅗ㸱Dࡢ୍㒊ࢆᣑࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ >@᪉ྥἢࡗࡓ┤⥺ⓗ࡞㌿ࡑࢀ௨ እࡢ᭤⥺ⓗ࡞㌿ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ ๓⪅ࡣᐊ ኚᙧࡋࡓȘ)H≉ᚩⓗ࡞ࡽࡏࢇ㌿ࡢ┤⥺ⓗᙧ ≧ࢆࠊᚋ⪅ࡣล≧㌿ࡢ᭤⥺ⓗᙧ≧ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㸧ࠋ㌿┦స⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ&X⢏Ꮚὀ┠ ࡍࡿࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢ⦕ࡀෆ㒊ࡼࡾࡶ᫂ࡿ࠸ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸦▮༳㸧 ࠋࡇࢀ ࡣࠊ㌿ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚᙇࡾࡃࡼ࠺Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᅗ Dࡢ୍㒊ࢆᣑࡋࡓᅗ㸲E࡛ࡣࠊ>@᪉ྥἢࡗ࡚┤⥺ⓗᙧ≧ࢆ♧ࡍࡽࡏࢇ㌿ ࡀከࡃほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㌿ࡢከࡃࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚ⤡ࡲࡿࡼ࠺ᘬࡗࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࣊ ࣆࣥ≧ࡢ㌿ᙧ≧ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸦▮༳㸧 ࠋ 7(0 ᬯど㔝ീ࡛ࡣࠊȘ)H ẕ┦ IFF&X ⢏Ꮚࡢ㔜࡞ࡾࡼࡿࣔ࣡ࣞ⦤࠾ࡼࡧᙉ࠸ṍࢥࣥࢺ ࣛࢫࢺࡢࡓࡵࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊ࡢ㌿ࡢ ᭷↓ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ㌿ⰺ㏆ഐࡢࡳᙉ࠸ᅇᢡࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀ ⌧ࢀࡿ 67(0 ീࡢ≉ᚩࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊ࡢ㌿ࡢほᐹࢆヨࡳࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊᅗ㸱ࠊ㸲 ࡽࢃࡿࡼ࠺ࠊȘ)H ẕ┦ࡢ㌿ࡢࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡣᑐ↷ⓗࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊ࡣయⓗ ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ ㌿┦స⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢከࡃࡣ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊㌿ࡢࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫ ࢺࢆ♧ࡉ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 67(0ᬯど㔝ീࡽ ᐃࡋࡓᖹᆒ&X⢏Ꮚ༙ᚄUࢆ⏝࠸࡚ồࡵࡓ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᛂຊȪ2Uࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᐊ ᘬᙇヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦㐣ຠᮦEࡣ◚᩿๓୰᩿㸧ࢆᅗ㸳♧ࡍࠋ㐣ຠᮦEࡢ㝆అᛂຊȪH[S ࡣȪ2Uࡰ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦࡢȪH[SࡣȪ2Uࡢ⣙༙ศࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ ղ㸫㸲㸬⪃ᐹ ࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦ㐣ຠᮦ࡛ࡣࠊ㌿⤌⧊㝆అᛂຊ࠾࠸࡚᫂☜࡞ᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ ᕪࡣ㌿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ┦స⏝ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦ࡛ࡣࠊ㝆అᛂຊࡣ ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᛂຊࡢ༙ศ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦ୰ࡢ㌿ࡣᚤ⣽࡞ &X ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄࡼ࠺ ⦆ࡸࣆࣥࢽࣥࢢࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ 」ᩘࡢ㌿ࡀ &X ⢏Ꮚᅛ╔ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⤌⧊ࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞ ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡽᥦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࢝ࢵࢸࣥࢢᶵᵓ㸦ᅗ㸴D㸧ࢆᨭᣢࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࡁࡉ QP ⛬ᗘࡢᚤ⣽ &X ⢏Ꮚࡀ㌿ࡢ㐠ື࠼ࡿᢠຊࡣᙅࡃࠊ㌿ ࡣ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊ධ࣭ࡏࢇ᩿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㏻㐣ࡍࡿࡶࡢゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ϩ$ ୍᪉ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡀ⢒ ࡋࡓ㐣ຠᮦࡢ㝆అᛂຊࡣ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᛂຊ༉ᩛࡋࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ࿘ࡾᙇࡾࡁࡘࡘ⢏Ꮚ 㛫ࢆᙇࡾฟࡍ㌿ࡸ㸦ᅗ㸱E㸧 ࠊ&X⢏Ꮚᅛ╔ࡍࡿከࡃࡢ㌿ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸲E㸧 ࠋࡇ ࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ⢒&X⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ࡀᘬຊ࡛࠶ࡿྠࠊࡇࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡀ㌿ࡢ㐠 ືᑐࡋ࡚ᙉ࠸㞀ᐖ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㌿ࡀ⢏Ꮚࢆධ࣭㏻㐣ࡍ ࡿ๓㏙ࡢ࢝ࢵࢸࣥࢢࣔࢹࣝࡣ㐣ຠᮦࡣ㥆ᰁࡲ࡞࠸ࠋᘬຊᆺ┦స⏝ࡢࣔࢹࣝࡋ࡚ࠊ ᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࢆ㌿ࡢᛂຊሙࢆ⦆ࡍࡿ࣎ࢻࡳ࡞ࡍ6URORYLW]ࡽࡢࣔࢹࣝ㸦㸧ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣẕ┦⢏Ꮚ⏺㠃࡛ࡢᣑᩓ㐣⛬ࡀ๓ᥦ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐊ ኚᙧᮦࡢ㐺⏝ࡣၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ㐣ຠᮦࡢ IFF&X ⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦స⏝ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᅇ᪂ࡓࠕᘬຊᆺ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ ࣥᶵᵓࠖࢆᥦࡍࡿ㸦ᅗ㸴E㸧 ࠋ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᶵᵓࡣ㏻ᖖ᩺ຊᆺࡢ┦స⏝ࢆᣦࡍࡀࠊȘ)H ẕ┦ࡼࡾࡶᰂࡽ࠸ IFF&X ⢏Ꮚࡢሙྜࡣ㌿ࡢᛂຊሙࢆ &X ⢏Ꮚ⮬ࡽࡀṍࢇ࡛⦆ࡍࡿࡓ ࡵࠊ㌿ࡣ &X ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚᘬࡁᐤࡏࡽࢀࠊ⢏Ꮚࢇᐦ╔ࡍࡿࡼ࠺Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀᘬຊᆺࡢព࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ㌿┦స⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ 7(0 ᬯど 㔝ീࡣ」㞧࡞ṍࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡸṍࢇࡔࣔ࣡ࣞ⦤ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ㌾㉁ &X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡿ㌿ ࡢᛂຊሙࡢ⦆ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋȘ)H ẕ┦⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡀ␗࡞ࡿ㠀ᩚྜ࡞ IFF&X ⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿ ࡍࡿࡇࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞㌿ࡢᛂຊሙࢆ⏕ࡳࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢቑࢆక࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡀᢠຊ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ ㌿ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊ࡣධࡏࡎ⢏Ꮚ⾲㠃ࢆࣂࣃࢫࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢሙྜࠊ㌿ ࡀ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ㌿࣮ࣝࣉࡀṧࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࢆࡅࡿドᣐࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋ7(067(0 ほᐹ࡛ ࡣࠊ⛬ᗘࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚ࠾࠸࡚㌿ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡀ㌿ࣝ ࣮ࣉࢆ⾲ࡍࡶࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊ࡢ㌿㸦࢝ࢵࢸࣥࢢᆺ㸧ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿࡇࡣᅔ㞴 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᚋࠊࢫࢸࣞ࢜ほᐹ࡞ࡢ ḟඖⓗゎᯒࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ EFF⤖ᬗࡢረᛶኚᙧ࡛ࡣࡍࡾ㠃ࡀ」ᩘᏑᅾࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࣂ࣮࣮࢞ࢫ࣋ࢡࢺࣝ㌿⥺ࡀᖹ ⾜࡞ࡽࡏࢇ㌿ࡣᕪࡍࡾࢆ㉳ࡇࡋᚓࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊᅗ㸱ࠊ㸲ࡢࡍࡾ⣔ࡢゎᯒ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ >@ࢆࡍࡾ᪉ྥࡶࡘࠊࠊ㠃ࡣ6FKLPLGᅉᏊࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࠊࠊ ࠸㏆᥋ࡋࡓ್ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࡍࡾ㠃ࡢ㛫࡛ᕪࡍࡾࡀ㉳ࡇࡿྍ⬟ᛶ ࡣ༑ศ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᅗ㸴Fࡣࠊࡽࡏࢇ㌿ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚࢆࣂࣃࢫࡍࡿ㝿࢟ࣥࢡᑐࡢ୍᪉ࡀ ᕪࡍࡾࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓሙྜࢆᐃࡋࡓࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ࢟ࣥࢡᑐࡣࡶࡣࡸྠ୍ࡍࡾ㠃ୖ࡞ ࠸ࡓࡵࠊ㌿࣮ࣝࣉࡣᙧᡂࡉࢀࡎ࣊ࣆࣥ≧ࡢ㌿ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࠊ ᅗ㸲E࡛ከᩘほᐹࡉࢀࡓ࣊ࣆࣥ≧㌿ࡢᡂᅉ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࣊ࣆࣥ≧㌿ࡢඛ➃㒊ࡣล ≧㌿࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋล≧㌿ࡣࡽࡏࢇ㌿ẚ࡚⛣ື㏿ᗘࡀࡁ࠸ࡓࡵ㸦㸧ࠊረᛶኚᙧ ඹ࣊ࣆࣥ≧㌿ࡽ┤⥺≧ࡢࡽࡏࢇ㌿ࡀⓎ㐩ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋᕪࡍࡾࢆక࠺ࡽ ࡏࢇ㌿ࡢࣂࣃࢫᶵᵓࡣ&KDUOHX[ࡽ㸦㸧ࡼࡗ࡚᪤ᥦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣࠊIFF&X⢏Ꮚ ࢆࣂࣃࢫࡍࡿࡽࡏࢇ㌿ࡣ᭱⤊ⓗ⢏Ꮚࢆࡾ㉺࠼ࡿ⤖ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦 ḟඖⓗࣂࣃࢫ ϩ$ ᶵᵓ㸧 ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡽࡏࢇ㌿ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚࢆࣂࣃࢫࡋ࡚࢟ࣥࢡᑐࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿᚲࡎล≧㌿ᡂศ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋล≧㌿ࡣᐊ ࡛ࡣᕪࡍࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࣂࣃࢫࡋࡓ㌿ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚࢆ ࡾ㉺࠼ࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ୖ㏙ࡢᘬຊᆺ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᶵᵓࡢᴫᛕࢆᑟධࡍࢀࡤࠊ ◳㉁⢏Ꮚ IFF&X ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚ࡛ࡢຍᕤ◳ ⋡ࡢ㐪࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㌿ࡀᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࢆࣂࣃࢫࡋ࡚㌿࣮ࣝࣉ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠊࡑࡢḟᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࢆࣂࣃࢫࡍࡿ㌿ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊぢࡅୖࠊ㌿࣮ࣝࣉࡢ ࡁࡉศࡔࡅ⢏Ꮚࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫㊥㞳ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡀຍᕤ◳ ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚࡢሙྜࡣ㌿ᘬຊᆺࡢ┦స⏝ࢆ ♧ࡍࡓࡵࠊ㌿࣮ࣝࣉࡢࢧࢬࡣ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡢሙྜẚ࡚ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡾࠊぢࡅୖࡢ⢏Ꮚࢧ ࢬࡢቑຍ⢏Ꮚ㛫㊥㞳ࡢῶᑡࡀ⦆ࡸ࡞ࡿࠋ)H&X ⣔㐣ຠᮦࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿప࠸ຍᕤ◳ ⋡ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࡀప࠸ࡇ┦ࡲࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㌿ IFF&X ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚࡢ┦స⏝࣓࢝ ࢽࢬ࣒ࡶ㉳ᅉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ղ㸫㸳㸬ᚋࡢᒎ㛤 ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ)H&X ࣔࢹࣝྜ㔠ࡢ㌿⤌⧊㝆అᛂຊࢆㄪࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦ 㐣ຠᮦ࡛ࡣ㌿&X ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ┦స⏝㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦࡘ ࠸࡚ࡣ࢝ࢵࢸࣥࢢᶵᵓࠊ㐣ຠᮦࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᪂ࡓᘬຊᆺ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᶵᵓࢆᥦࡋࡓࠋ ᚋࡢᒎ㛤ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛ࠊ௨ୗࡢⅬࡀᮍゎ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭ࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦ࠾ࡅࡿᚤ⣽ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀㸦㌿ࡢ┦స⏝క࠺ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ 㐀ኚࡢྍ⬟ᛶ㸧 ࣭㌿⢏Ꮚࡢ┦స⏝࠾ࡅࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࢧࢬ࠾ࡼࡧ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀౫Ꮡᛶ 㸦┦స⏝࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢኚࡢ㉳※㸧 ࣭㌿⤌⧊ࡢ ḟඖࢫࢸࣞ࢜ほᐹ㸦&X ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊ࡢ㌿ࡸ㌿࣮ࣝࣉࡢ᭷↓ࠊ㐣ຠᮦ࠾ࡅ ࡿ࢝ࢵࢸࣥࢢᶵᵓࡢྍ⬟ᛶࠊᘬຊᆺ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᶵᵓࡢࡅ㸧 ࣭ล≧㌿ࡽࡏࢇ㌿࠾ࡅࡿ㌿&X 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㼟㼠㼞㼍㼕㼚㼕㼚㼓 㼃㼕㼠㼔㼛㼡㼠 )LJ &RPSDULVRQRINH9QRUPDOL]HGIOXRUHVFHQFH\LHOGEHIRUHDQG DIWHUGHIRUPDWLRQ ϩ$ մ &X ྵ᭷㗰ࡢ◚ቯ≉ᛶ մ㸫㸯㸬⥴ゝ 㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢࣜࢧࢡࣝ㝿ࡋ࡚㸪㗰ࡢຊᏛⓗ≉ᛶ &X ᯒฟ≀ࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰ ࡍࡣ㔜せ࡞࣏ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ &X ᯒฟక࠺◚ቯ≉ᛶࡢኚࢆᐇ㦂ⓗ ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡶ㸪&X ᯒฟࡢᘏᛶ⬤ᛶ㑄⛣ ᗘࡢୖ᪼ࢆዴఱ㜵ࡄࢆ┠ⓗ◊ ✲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 &Xࡣᐊ ࡛ࡣࢇᅛ⁐ࡋ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪.࡛ࡣ⣙ PDVVᅛ⁐ࡍࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚⁐య ฎ⌮ᚋࡢຠฎ⌮࡛&Xࡢᯒฟ≧ែࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪ᶵᲔⓗᛶ㉁ࢆኚࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᐇ㦂ࡣⅣ⣲ࢆࢇྵ᭷ࡏࡎࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞⣔࡛࠶ࡿ)HPDVV㸣&Xྜ㔠ࢆࣔ ࢹࣝᮦᩱࡋ࡚㑅ࢇࡔ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ⮬ື㌴ࢫࢡࣛࢵࣉྵࡲࢀࡿ&X㔞ᑐᛂࡍࡿ㸬◚ቯ≉ᛶ ࡢㄪᰝࡣ㸪ຠฎ⌮ࡼࡾ&Xᯒฟ㔞ࢆኚ࠼ࡓヨᩱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮⾪ᧁヨ㦂ࡼࡾ⾜ࡗ ࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪PDVV㸣&Xྵ᭷㗰࠾࠸࡚ᯒฟ◳ࡼࡗ࡚㝆అᛂຊࡢୖ᪼ࡣぢ㎸ࡵࡿࡀ㸪 ࡑࡢ㠃㸪◚ቯ≉ᛶࡣᝏࡍࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓ㸬≉ᘏᛶ⬤ᛶ㑄⛣ ᗘ'%77ࡣᐊ ௨ ୖୖ᪼ࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࡇࢀࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪1L1Eࡢῧຍࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦௨ᚋᨵၿ 㗰ࡍࡿ㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡼࡾ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ'%77ࡢୖ᪼ࢆⴭࡋࡃᢚไࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ ᮶ࡓ㸬 մ㸫㸰㸬ᐇ㦂᪉ἲ ౪ヨᮦࡢᏛ⤌ᡂࢆ 7DEOH ♧ࡍ㸬&X ῧຍ㔞ࡣ PDVVࡋࡓ㸬& ࡣ ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢ )H&X ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ㗰௨ୗ㸪&X 㗰グࡍࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ௨እࡣᨵၿ㗰࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࣮࣋ࢫ㗰 1L ࢆ PDVV࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ PDVVῧຍࡋࡓࡶࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1L 㗰㸪1L 㗰ࡪ㸪1E ࢆ PDVVῧຍࡋࡓࡶࡢ1E 㗰㸪࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀࡽࢆྠῧຍࡋࡓࡶࡢ1L1E 㗰࡛ ࠶ࡿ㸬௨ୖࡢ౪ヨᮦࡣ᪂᪥㚩ᰴ㕲㗰◊✲ᡤࡼࡾᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 )LJ ࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮⾪ᧁヨ㦂ࡲ࡛ࡢຍᕤ⇕ฎ⌮ᅗࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ⇕㛫ᅽᘏࡉࢀࡓ౪ヨᮦࢆ . ࡛⁐యฎ⌮ࢆࡋỈ෭ࡋࡓᚋ㸪ሷᾎࢆ⏝࠸࡚ . ࡚ VVNV ࡢຠฎ⌮ࢆ ࡋ㸪ịỈ୰ᛴ෭ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛㸪ᨵၿ㗰ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⤖ᬗ⢏ᡂ㛗ࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ⁐య ᗘ ࢆ . ኚ᭦ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪)LJ 7KHUPRFDOXFࡼࡾィ⟬ࡋࡓ )H1L&X ⣔≧ែᅗ ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࢀࡼࡾᨵၿ㗰ࡢ⁐య ᗘ. ࡀȚ༢┦ᇦ┦ᙜࡍࡿࡇࡀศࡿ㸬 ຍᕤ⇕ฎ⌮ᚋ㸪౪ヨᮦࢆ -,6 つ᱁ ྕ 9 ࣀࢵࢳࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮ヨ㦂∦PPຍᕤ ࡋ㸪- ࡢࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮⾪ᧁヨ㦂ᶵ࡚⾪ᧁ྾࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ✀ࠎࡢ ᗘ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ࣀࢵ ࢳࡣ⇕ᘏࡢᯈཌ᪉ྥ᩿㠃㸦5' ᆶ┤࡞㠃㸧ධࢀࡓ㸬ヨ㦂 ᗘࡣ .㹼. ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛⾜ ࠸㸪ヨᩱࡀヨ㦂 ᗘ฿㐩ᚋ V ಖᣢࡋࡓᚋࣁ࣐࣮࡛ࣥ◚᩿ࡉࡏࡓ㸬 ෆ㒊⤌⧊ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⁐యࡲࡲࡢヨᩱ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣຠฎ⌮ᚋࡢヨᩱࢆගᏛ㢧ᚤ㙾ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ϩ$ ほᐹࡋ㸪⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࢆồࡵࡓ㸬⭉㣗ࡣࢼࢱ࣮ࣝYRO◪㓟࣓ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝᾮࢆ⏝࠸㸪 ᖹᆒ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄG ࡣ ಶࡢ⢏ࡢ⦪㺃ᶓ㛗ࡉࡢᖹᆒ್ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓຠฎ⌮๓ᚋࡢ◳ᗘ ᐃ ࠾ࡼࡧ◚᩿ᚋࡢ◚㠃ほᐹࢆ 6(0 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 մ㸫㸱㸬⤖ᯝཬࡧ⪃ᐹ մ㸱㸯 &X 㗰ࡢෆ㒊⤌⧊ຠ◳᭤⥺ &X㗰ࡘ࠸࡚ග㢧ほᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ♧ࡍ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡢຠฎ⌮ᮦࡶΰ⢏ഴྥ ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣளຠᮦ࡛ȣP㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦ࡛ȣP㸪㐣ຠᮦ࡛ȣP࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣ㹼ȣPྠ⛬ᗘゝ࠼ࡿ㸬 ḟ㸪◳ᗘ ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ୰ࡢ)H㹼PDVV&X㗰ࡢຠ◳᭤⥺ࡣ୰ᓥ ࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪༳ࡣࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮⾪ᧁヨ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬&X㗰ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ୰ ᓥࡽࡢຠ◳᭤⥺࠾࠾ࡴࡡ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ຠ㛫V࡛ࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ࡉࡣࣆ࣮ࢡ ್*3Dࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪⁐యࡲࡲᮦࡢ◳ᗘࡣ*3D࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡼࡾຠ㛫 Vࡣளຠ㸪NVࡣ㐣ຠ┦ᙜࡍࡿゝ࠼ࡿ㸬&X⃰ᗘࡢຠ◳ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࡳࡿ㸪 PDVV&Xῧຍ࡛ࡣࣆ࣮ࢡ◳ࡉࡢୖ᪼ࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࡀ㸪PDVV௨ୖῧຍࡍࡿ◳ࡉୖ᪼ࡀࡁࡃ ࡞ࡿ㸬&X㗰ࡢ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣ㸪)LJ࡛♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࡢຠ᮲௳࡛ࡶྠ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛㸪 ◳ࡉࡢྥୖࡣ&Xࡢᚤ⣽ᯒฟ≀ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿゝ࠼ࡿ㸬㕲ᇶᆅ୰ࡽࡢ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡣ㸪 ึᮇẁ㝵࡛ࡣ࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫᩚྜᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿEFFᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ຠ㛫ࡶ5ᵓ㐀 ࡸ5ᵓ㐀ࡤࢀࡿ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࢆ⤒࡚㸪IFFᵓ㐀ࡢȜ&Xኚࡍࡿ㸬ᙉᗘࡀࣆ࣮ࢡ࡞ࡿ ຠ᮲௳࡛ࡣࢇࡢᯒฟ≀ࡣEFFᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᖹᆒQP⛬ᗘࡢᯒฟ≀࡛࠶ࡿሗ࿌ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㹼㸬 մ㸱㸰 &X㗰ࡢ◚ቯ㠌ᛶ≉ᛶ )LJຠ㛫ࢆኚ࠼ࡓ&X㗰ࡢࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮⾪ᧁ್ࡢ ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ẚ㍑ࡢࡓࡵ ⁐యࡲࡲᮦࡢ⤖ᯝࢆຍ࠼ࡓ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡢヨ∦࡛ࡶ᫂░࡞ᘏᛶ⬤ᛶ㑄⛣'%7ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ㸬 㑄⛣ ᗘ'%77ࡣளຠ≧ែࡢຠ㛫Vࡢヨᩱ࡛᭱ࡶపࡃ㸪ḟ࠸࡛㐣ຠᑐᛂࡍࡿ ヨᩱࡢ㑄⛣ ᗘࡀ⥆ࡁ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡຠᑐᛂࡍࡿVຠࡢヨᩱ࡛㑄⛣ ᗘࡀ.᭱ࡶ㧗 ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪XSSHUVKHOI࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣVࡢளຠᮦࡣN-P࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Vࡢࣆ ࣮ࢡຠᮦ࡛ࡣN-Pࡲ࡛పୗࡋࡓ㸬NV࡛ࡣ㹼N-Pࡉࡽపୗࡋ㸪ຠ 㛫ࡶపࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ㛗㛫ຠࡢNVຠᮦࡣ㸪◳ࡉࡣளຠ ᮦ୪ప࠸ࡀ㸪XSSHUVKHOI࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣࣆ࣮ࢡຠ㹼㐣ຠᮦྠ⛬ᗘప࠸್࡞ࡗ ࡓ㸬 )LJ ࡣ㸪ຠࡼࡿ㑄⛣ ᗘࡢኚࢆ )LJ ࡛♧ࡋࡓຠ◳᭤⥺ᑐẚࡉࡏࡓ⤖ᯝ ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㑄⛣ ᗘࡣࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ࡉẚࡋ࡚ୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡇࡀศࡿ㸬 ϩ$ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຠ◳క࠺ⴭࡋ࠸ '%77 ࡢୖ᪼ࡣ )H&X ྜ㔠ࡢᐇ⏝㝿ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡞ ၥ㢟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣ㸪ᯒฟᙉࡋ࡚ࡶ࡞࠾㸪㑄⛣ ᗘୖ᪼ࢆ㜼Ṇࡍࡿ ࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡋ㸪࣮࣋ࢫ⤌ᡂ࡛࠶ࡿ &X 㗰 1L ࡸ 1E ࡢῧຍࢆヨࡳࡓ㸬 մ㸱㸱 ᨵၿ㗰ࡢෆ㒊⤌⧊ຠ◳᭤⥺ )LJ ᨵၿ㗰ࡢ⁐యࡲࡲࡢග㢧⤌⧊ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣ 1L 㗰࡛ ȣP㸪1L 㗰࡛ ȣP㸪1E 㗰࡛ ȣP㸪1L1E 㗰࡛ ȣP ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡶࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ༢┦⤌⧊ ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪1L 㗰ࡶྵࡵ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺࡢฟ⌧࡞ぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 &X 㗰ࡢ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄ㹼ȣP ẚ㸪ᨵၿ㗰࡛ࡣ⤖ᬗ⢏ࡀᚤ⣽ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬≉ 1L 1E ࡢྠῧຍ࠾࠸࡚⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽ࡢຠᯝࡀ㢧ⴭ⌧ࢀࡿࡇࡀศࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ୍⯡ⓗ ࡞ᚤ㔞 1E ༢⊂ῧຍࡼࡾࡶ㸪ᩘ PDVVࡢ 1L ῧຍࡢ᪉ࡀࡼࡾࡁ࡞ᚤ⣽ຠᯝࢆ♧ࡍゝ࠼ ࡿ㸬 ḟ 1L ῧຍ㗰 1E ῧຍ㗰㸪1L1E ྠῧຍ㗰ࡢຠ◳᭤⥺ࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍ㸬1L ࡸ 1E ༢⊂ῧຍ㗰ࡢ◳ࡉࡣ㸪ⓑᢤࡁࢫ࣮࣋ࡓࡋ♧࡛ۑ㗰&X 㗰ྠ➼ࡢኚࢆ♧ࡋ㸪V ࡛ࣆ ࣮ࢡ◳ࡉࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬1L1E 㗰࡛ࡣⱝᖸ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡ◳ࡉࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ㛫ࡀ V ᑡ ࡋ▷㛫ഃ⛣⾜ࡍࡿࡶ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘࡣ *3D ࡽ *3D 㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀ ࡼࡾᨵၿ㗰ࡢຠ᮲௳ࡣளຠ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡຠ㸪㐣ຠࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ V㸪V㸪NV ࡋࡓ㸬 ளຠ㐣ຠ࡛◳ࡉࡀྠ⛬ᗘ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺㑅ࢇࡔ㸬 մ㸱㸲 ᨵၿ㗰ࡢ◚ቯ㠌ᛶ≉ᛶ )LJ ࡣ㸪7DEOH ࡛♧ࡋࡓ ࡘࡢᨵၿ㗰ࡘ࠸࡚ࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮⾪ᧁヨ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛ ࠶ࡿ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡢᨵၿ㗰ࡶ᫂░࡞ᘏᛶ⬤ᛶ㑄⛣ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪㑄⛣ ᗘᖜࡣ .⛬ᗘ㠀ᖖ ⊃࠸ࡇࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬)LJEࡣ 1L㗰ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'%77ࡣ Vࡢளຠ࡛ . ኚపࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ḟప࠸ࡢࡀ NVࡢ㐣ຠᮦ࡛ .㸪ࡲࡓ Vࡢࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦ࡛ࡶ . ᐊ ௨ୗࡲ࡛ᨵၿࡉࢀࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪XSSHUVKHOI࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣ N-Pࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪 ࡇࡢ್ࡣ⨨ࡢ㒔ྜୖ㸪ࣇࣝ྾࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵṇ☜࡞XSSHUVKHOI࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣࡇࢀ௨ୖ ࡢ್࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 )LJFGࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1E㸪1L1E ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛㸪1L ྠᵝ '%77 ࡣపୗࡋࡓ㸬ప ࠸᪉ࡽளຠ㐣ຠࣆ࣮ࢡຠࡢ㡰࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬≉ 1L1E ࠾࠸࡚ࡣள ຠᮦࡢ '%77 ࡣ . ࡛᭱ࡶపࡃ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡᮦ࡛ࡶ . ప࠸್ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬 )LJ ࡣྛ㗰ࡢ⾪ᧁ྾࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࢆ㸪ຠ㛫 Vࡢࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦࢆ 㑅ࡧ㸪ࡲࡵࡓᅗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ୰ࡢ ᗘࡣ'%77㸪◚⥺ࡣ⁐యࡲࡲᮦࢆ♧ࡍ㸬'%77ࡣ &X㗰 ࡢ .ࡽ㸪1E㗰㸪1L㗰㸪1L㗰㸪1L1E㗰ࡢ㡰ప ഃࡁࡃ⛣ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ≉ 1L1E㗰ࡢ'%77ࡣ .ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ⁐యࡲࡲᮦྠ➼࡞ࡲ࡛ᨵၿࡉࢀࡓࡇ ϩ$ ࡞ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪XSSHUVKHOI࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣ &X㗰ࡀ N-P⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡢᑐࡋ㸪࠸ࡎ ࢀࡢᨵၿ㗰ࡶ⌧᭷⨨࡛ ᐃࡋᚓࡿ᭱㧗್ࡢ N-Pࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ௨ୖ㸪1L1E ῧຍᮦ࡛ࡣ &X ࡢᯒฟᙉ࡛◳ᗘࢆ⁐యࡲࡲᮦࡢ ಸୖࡆ࡞ࡀ ࡽࡶ㸪㠌ᛶࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲಖࡘࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 մ㸱㸳 ࣮࣋ࢫ㗰࠾ࡼࡧᨵၿ㗰ࡢ◚㠃ほᐹ )LJ ࡋ࡚㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡຠᮦࡢ &X 㗰 1L1E 㗰ࡘ࠸࡚ࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮⾪ᧁヨ 㦂ࡼࡾ◚᩿ࡉࡏࡓヨᩱࡢᵝᏊࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗࡢᕥഃࡀ⬤ᛶ㡿ᇦ㸪ྑഃࡀᘏᛶ㡿ᇦ࡛◚᩿ࡉࡏ ࡓሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Dࡢ⬤ᛶ㡿ᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ◚㠃ࡣయⓗࡣᖹᆠ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡁࡽࡁ ࡽගࡿ⣽࡞⢏ࡢ㞟ྜయࡢࡼ࠺ほᐹࡉࢀࡿ㸬Eࡢᘏᛶ㡿ᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡁ࡞พฝࢆࡶ ࡗࡓ◚㠃࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪&X 㗰࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ୰㛫 ᗘ࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡽ୧᪉ࡢ≉ᚩࢆࡶࡗ ࡓ◚㠃ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡋࡋᨵၿ㗰࡛ࡣ⬤ᛶᘏᛶࡢ㑄⛣ ᗘᖜࡀᴟࡵ࡚⊃࠸ࡓࡵ㸪୰㛫 ᗘᑐᛂࡋࡓ◚㠃ࢆᣢࡘヨ∦ࡣ ᮏࡶ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢ ᗘᇦ࡛ࡶ㸪◚㠃ࡢพ ฝࡣ 1L1E 㗰ࡢ᪉ࡀᴟࡵ࡚⣽ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇࡣຠ ᮲௳ࢆኚ࠼ࡓࡢヨᩱ࡛ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ḟ㸪◚㠃ࡢヲ⣽ࢆ 6(0 ࡛ほᐹࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ㸪)LJ ࠾ࡼࡧ )LJ 㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ⬤ᛶ㡿 ᇦᘏᛶ㡿ᇦศࡅ࡚♧ࡍ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡶ V㸦ࣆ࣮ࢡ㸧ຠᮦࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬▮༳ࡣᕧど ⓗ࡞ட㐍ᒎ᪉ྥࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬DEࡣ &X 㗰㸪Fࡣ 1L1E 㗰ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⬤ᛶ㡿ᇦࡢ )LJDࡢ &X 㗰ࡣட㛤ጞⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ 9 ࣀࢵࢳ㒊ࡽᆒ୍ᖹᆠ࡞◚㠃ࡀᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 Eࡣࡑࡢᣑ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ヨᩱࡀᨃ㛤㠃ࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀศࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Fࡢ 1L1E 㗰࡛ࡣ㸪㛤◚ቯࡢ◚㠃ࡀ⣽ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ᬗኚᙧ࡞ࡢⓎ⌧ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ ࡗࡓ㸬 ୍᪉㸪ᘏᛶ㡿ᇦᑐᛂࡍࡿ )LJ ࡛ࡣ㸪◚㠃ࡣࢹࣥࣉ࡛ࣝそࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬EࡣD ࡢᣑ࡛㸪&X 㗰ࡢ◚㠃࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࢹࣥࣉࣝࡣẚ㍑ⓗὸࡃ㸪 ࡘࡢࡁࡉࡀ ȣP ⛬ᗘ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀᑐࡋFࡢ 1L1E 㗰࡛ࡣ㸪ࢹࣥࣉࣝᗏࡀ㯮࠸ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࢆ࿊ࡋ ࡓࡶࡢࡀከࡃぢࡽࢀ㸪ࡍࡾ㖊ࡢࡼ࠺῝ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࢹࣥࣉࣝࡢ┤ᚄࡣ࠾࠾ࡴ ࡡ 㹼ȣP ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡉࡽ ȣP ⛬ᗘࡢᑠࡉ࡞ࢹࣥࣉࣝࡶほᐹࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⾪ ᧁ྾࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮◚㠃ࡢพฝࡢᵝ┦ࡢ㛫ᑐᛂࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪྾࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀࡁ࠸ሙ ྜ㸪ࢹࣥࣉࣝࡢᚄࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡚῝ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬 մ㸱㸴 &X ྵ᭷㗰ࡢ◚ቯ㠌ᛶࢆỴࡵࡿせᅉ ௨ୖ㏙ࡓࡼ࠺㸪ᨵၿ㗰࡛ࡣࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮⾪ᧁ྾࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶ྾࢚ࢿ ࣝࢠ࣮ࡀඹⰋ࠸ࡇࡀศࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᘏᛶ⬤ᛶ㑄⛣ ᗘ'%77ࡀᨵၿࡍࡿ⌮ ⏤ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿ㸬 ϩ$ ࡲࡎ '%77 ࡣ &X ࢆྵ᭷ࡋࡓ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ㗰ࡶ㸪ளຠ㐣ຠࣆ࣮ࢡຠࡢ㡰పࡃ࡞ࡗ ࡓ㸬 ࡇࢀࡣ )LJ ࡛♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ࡉࡢ㡰ᑐᛂࡍࡿ㸬 ୍᪉㸪ྛ㗰ࡢ◳ࡉࡣ )LJ ࡢຠ◳᭤⥺࡛♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪◳ࡉࡣ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄవࡾ ౫Ꮡࡏࡎ &X ࡢᯒฟ≧ែ࡛ࡰỴࡲࡿゝ࠼ࡿ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚ྛ㗰࠾࠸࡚⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄᕪ␗ࡀ࠶ ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪㗰✀ࢆỴࡵࢀࡤࡑࡢᘏᛶ⬤ᛶ㑄⛣ ᗘࡣ &X ࡢᯒฟ≧ែ࡛ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡞ ࡿ㸬 ḟ㗰✀ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ㸪ẕ┦⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡢᕪࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦)LJ ࡸ )LJ㸧㸬ࡇࢀᑐᛂ ࡍࡿࡼ࠺◚᩿㠃ࡢᵝᏊࡣኚࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⢒⢏ࡢ࣮࣋ࢫ㗰&X 㗰ࡼࡾᚤ⣽⢏ࡢᨵၿ㗰 ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡎࡗ⣽࠸◚㠃ࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ྠᨵၿ㗰࡛ࡣᘏᛶഃࡢ㧗 ᗘ࠾࠸࡚㸪◚㠃 ࡢࢹࣥࣉࣝࡣ⣽ࡃࡑࡋ࡚῝࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡽᨵၿ㗰࠾࠸࡚◚ቯ≉ᛶࡀ ᨵၿࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽ࡼࡿຠᯝࡳࡽࢀࡿ㸬 )LJ 㸪㑄⛣ ᗘ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄG ࡢ㛵ಀࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࡓᅗࢆ♧ࡍ㸬&X 㗰ࡽᨵၿ㗰 ࡅ࡚⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿ G ࡢ ẚࡋ࡚ '%77 ࡣపୗࡍࡿࡇࡀศࡿ㸬⤖ᬗ ⢏⏺ࡣ㌿⛣ືࡢ㞀ቨ࡞ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪㌿ࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡿ※㌿※࡞ࡿࡳࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ᅇぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓᴟࡵ࡚㗦࠸ '%7 ࡣ㸪ᘏᛶഃ࡛ࡢ⇿Ⓨⓗ࡞㌿ቑṪࡼࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇ 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/DQJHU6FKZDUW]ࣔࢹࣝࠊ1 ࣔࢹࣝࠊ3KDVHILHOGࣔࢹ ࣝࡼࡗ࡚ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡋࠊ➼ ࠊ㠀➼ 㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿ⢏⏺㸦ࣛࢫቃ⏺㸧ࠊ㌿ࠊ࣐ࢺࣜ ࢡࢫ࠾ࡅࡿ➇ྜᯒฟࠊணṍࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋྛࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࡢᴫせࢆ♧ࡍ ϩ$ ࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ձ➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢィ⟬ ղ&DKQ+LOOLDUG ࡢ᰾⏕ᡂ⌮ㄽ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⤌ᡂࠊ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇࣝࠊ⮫⏺ ࢧࢬࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㸦᰾⏕ᡂࡢ άᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㸧 ճ&DKQ+LOOLDUG ࡢ㠀⥺ᆺᣑᩓ ᪉⛬ᘧ ຠ୰ࡢ &X ⮫⏺᰾ࡢᡂ㛗⤌ᡂኚ մ3KDVH)LHOGࣔࢹࣝ ྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢຠᯝࠊ⢏Ꮚẕ┦⏺㠃ࡢ೫ᯒࠊ EFFÆIFF ኚែ յ/DQJHU6FKZDUW]/6ࣔࢹࣝ ➼ ຠ㐃⥆෭༷࠾ࡅࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚ ᚄࠊ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࠊẕ┦ࡢ &X ⃰ᗘࡢ୰ࡢ㛫ኚ ն1XPHULFDO1ࣔࢹࣝ ୖྠࡌࠋ⁐㉁ཎᏊᯤῬᖏࠊ⢏⏺ࠊ㌿ࠊ࣐ࢺࣜ ࢡࢫ࠾ࡅࡿ➇ྜᯒฟ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 1) J.S.Langer and A.J.Schwartz: Phys. Rev. A, 1980, vol. 21, pp. 948-958. 2) R.Kampmann, R.Wagner: “Decomposition of Alloys; the Early Stages”, ed. By P.Hassen,, V.Gerold, R. Wagner, M.F.Ashby, Pergamon Press,Oxford, 1984, pp. 91-103. 3) R.Kampmann and R.Wagner: Atomic Transport and Defects in Metals by Neutron Scattering, ed. C.Janot, W.Petry, D.Richter, T.Springer, Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1986, pp. 73-77. 4) R. Wagner and R. Kampmann: Phase Transformations in Materials, Materials Science and Technology vol. 5, VCH, Weinheim, 1991, p.280 5) A. Deschamps and Y. Brechet: Acta Mater, 47(1998), 293. 6) J. D. Robson, M. J. Jones and P. B. 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j i 0 ᭩ࡁ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡇࠊFLࡣᡂศඖ⣲L㸦)H&X࠾ࡼࡧ;ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊL ࠾ࡼࡧ 㸧 ࡢࣔࣝศ⋡ࠊ*Lqࡣᶆ‽≧ែ㸦ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣEFF┦㸧ࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࠊ:LMࡣᡂศඖ⣲LMࡢ ┦స⏝ಀᩘࠊ*PDJࡣ☢Ẽ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋ7KHUPRFDOFࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࠶ࡿ:LMࡢ್ ࢆ7DEOH ♧ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽ q&㏆࠾ࡅࡿ)H1L࠾ࡼࡧ)H0Qࡢ┦స⏝ಀᩘࡢ➢ྕ ࡣ㈇࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ&X1L࠾ࡼࡧ&X0Qࡣṇ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ )LJ )H&X0Q㸱ඖྜ㔠ࡢ q& ➼ ᩿㠃ᅗ࠾ࡅࡿ⁐ゎᗘࢠࣕࢵࣉࢫࣆࣀ࣮ࢲ ࣝ⥺ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⁐ゎᗘࢠࣕࢵࣉࡣࠊ Pi D Pi E L ࠾ࡼࡧ ࡼࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊࢫࣆࣀ࣮ࢲࣝ⥺ࡣࠊ w 2Gm 2 wc1 w 2Gm wc1wc2 w 2Gm wc1wc2 w 2Gm 2 wc2 0 ϩ$ ࡼࡾィ⟬ࡋࡓࠋᅗࡽ0Qࡣ&X⢏Ꮚࡼࡾࡶ)H࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ୰⃰⦰ࡍࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ┦స⏝ಀᩘࡢ➢ྕࡽ1Lࡶࡰྠᵝࡢഴྥࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ ⮫⏺ ᗘ7&ᑐࡍࡿྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣࠊ :02 :12 2 :012 dTC dc2 2 R:01 ࡼࡾホ౯࡛ࡁࡿࠋ)LJ 7&ཬࡰࡍྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢຠᯝࢆᶍᘧⓗ♧ࡋࡓࠋ7DEOH ࡼࡾ 0Qࠊ1Lࡢ᪉ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊG7&GF࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ7&ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢඖ⣲ࡢῧຍࡼࡾ ୗ㝆ࡋ࡚ࠊ)H&X┦ࡢ⁐ゎᗘࡣቑຍࡍࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ)LJ ࡽ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ቑຍ ࡢᗘྜ࠸ࡣ q&㏆࡛ࡣᴟࡵ࡚ࢃࡎ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⁐ゎᗘࡣ0Q1Lࡢῧຍࡼࡾࢇ ኚ⪃࠼࡚ᕪࡋᨭ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ ⮫⏺᰾ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇࣝάᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ ෆ㒊⃰ᗘ໙㓄ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㠀ᅽ⦰ᛶࠊࡘ➼᪉ⓗ࡞㸱ᡂศ⣔ࡢ⁐యࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣࠊ F K ³ ®¯ f c , c 2 c 2 1 V 1 2 1 K2 c2 2 L12c1c2 ½¾dV 2 ¿ ᭩ࡁ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡇࠊIFFࡣ⁐㉁ཎᏊࡢ⃰ᗘࡀFFࡢ୍ᵝ࡞⁐యࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝ ࢠ࣮㸦༢య✚ᙜࡓࡾ㸧 ࠊ..ࡣ⁐㉁㸯⁐㉁㸰ࡢ໙㓄࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಀᩘࠊ/ࡣ᪉ࡢ⃰ ᗘ໙㓄⏤᮶ࡍࡿಀᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋUࢆ᰾ࡢ୰ᚰࢆཎⅬࡍࡿ༙ᚄ᪉ྥࡢᗙᶆࡍࡿࠊ⌫ᙧ ᰾ࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣࠊ W ³ f 0 0 0 c1 c1 w'f c2 c2 w'f ½ 2 ®'f ¾4Sr dr wc1 wc2 ¿ 2 2 ¯ ᭩ࡁ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋ'Iࡣࡇࡢ⁐యࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮᭤㠃ࠊFF࠾ࡅࡿ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝ ࢠ࣮ᑐࡍࡿ᥋ᖹ㠃ࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᕪ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ 'f 0 0 0 § wf · 0 ¸¸ c2 c2 f c1 , c2 f c1 , c2 c1 c1 ¨¨ © wc1 ¹c10 ,c20 §¨¨ wwcf © · ¸¸ 2 ¹ c10 ,c20 ᭩ࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢᘧࡣࠊᖹᡂ 㸱ᖺᗘࡢᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩ࡢᘧࢆᣑᙇࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࠸ࠋ㸱ᡂศ⣔࡛ࡣUࡢኚకࡗ࡚ࠊFFࡢ᪉ࡀኚࡍࡿࠋ ϩ$ ⮫⏺᰾ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇࣝࡣኚศἲࡢ࣮࢜ࣛ(XOHUࡢ᪉⛬ᘧࠊ w'f wc1 K 1 2 c1 L12 2 c 2 2 w'f wc 2 2 L12 c1 K 2 c 2 ࢆゎࡃࡇࡼࡗ࡚ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋቃ⏺᮲௳ࡣࠊ wc1 wr wc2 wr 0, 0 r 0 0 r f ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ c1 0 c1 , c2 c2 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ໙㓄࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಀᩘࡢ⤌ᡂ౫Ꮡᛶࡣᑠࡉ࠸௬ᐃࡋࠊ↓どࡍࡿࠋ໙㓄࢚ࢿࣝࢠ ࣮ಀᩘࡣࠊṇ๎⁐యࡢ┦స⏝ಀᩘࡼࡾࠊ K1 : 01a 2 , 6 N av L12 a2 :12 :01 :02 6 N av K2 : 02 a 2 6 N av ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ ᭩ࡁ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡇࠊ1DYࡣ࣎࢞ࢻࣟᩘࠊDࡣ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᯒฟᣲືࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ /6ࣔࢹࣝࡼࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡢᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩ࢆཧ↷ࡉ ࢀࡓ࠸ࠋࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ&X7Lࠊ)H&Xࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ1L$O࡞ࡢྜ㔠⣔㐺 ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㌿ୖࡢᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡶࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ ᮏሗ࿌࡛ࡣࠊྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢຠᯝ↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚ࡿࡓࡵࠊᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂヰࢆ㝈ࡿࡇࡍࡿࠋ ᰾⏕ᡂ㏿ᗘࡣࠊ J § t · § W · NV E Z exp¨ ¸ exp¨ inc ¸ © kT ¹ © t ¹ ࡼࡾィ⟬ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇࠊEࡣ㢖ᗘᅉᏊࠊ=ࡣࢮࣝࢻࣅࢵࢳࡢ㠀ᖹ⾮ᅉᏊࠊWLQFࡣ₯అ㛫 ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽᑐࡋ࡚ࡣྂㄽࡢ⾲ᘧࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᅉᏊࡣ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ ྵࡴࡀࠊ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ್࣮ᑐࡍࡿ౫Ꮡᛶࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࠋ ϩ$ &Xࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩚྜ⢏Ꮚࡢᡂ㛗ࡣ&DKQ+LOOLDUGࡢ㠀⥺ᆺᣑᩓ᪉⛬ᘧ࡛ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࡁ࡛ ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᯒฟ⢏Ꮚẕ┦⏺㠃ࡣࢩ࣮ࣕࣉ࡞⏺㠃ࡋࠊࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࢧࢳ࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡁᡂࡾ❧ࡘ㟼Ṇ⏺㠃㏆ఝࢆࡗ࡚ࠊᡂ㛗㏿ᗘࢆ c cR D c p cR R v R ࡼࡾィ⟬ࡋࡓࠋ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟࡀྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢᣑᩓ࡛ᚊ㏿ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊD)H ୰ࡢ0Qࡢᣑᩓಀᩘࡣ&Xྠ⛬ᗘࠊ1Lࡣ&Xࡢ ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ'ࡋ࡚&Xࡢ ᣑᩓಀᩘࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ F5ࡣᯒฟ≀ẕ┦⏺㠃࠾ࡅࡿẕ┦ഃࡢ&X⃰ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢠࣈࢫࢺ࣒ࢯࣥຠᯝࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿ ࠊ cR § 2VVm 1 · ¸ ce exp¨ ¨ R T R¸ © g ¹ ᭩ࡁ⾲ࡉࢀࡿ㸦5JࡣẼయᐃᩘ㸧ࠋ)LJ ࡽࡶࢃࡿࡼ࠺ࠊFHᑐࡍࡿྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢᙳ 㡪ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾࡁࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸱㸬㸱㸬 ⤖ᯝ⪃ᐹ ⮫⏺᰾ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇࣝ ᘧࡣFFࡢ㐃❧ 㝵ᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆࠊ wc1 wr u1 , wc2 wr u2 ࠾ࡁࠊFࠊFࠊX࠾ࡼࡧXࡢ ࡘࡢ㛵ᩘࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㐃❧ 㝵ᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧࡳ࡞ࡋࠊ ḟ ࡢ5XQJH.XWWDἲࡼࡾᩘ್ゎࢆồࡵࡓࠋලయⓗࡣࠊFFࡢึᮇ್㸦U ࠾ࡅࡿ್㸧 ࢆኚࡉࡏ࡞ࡀࡽ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇࣝࢆィ⟬ࡋࠊ᰾ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇࣝࡋ࡚㐺ᙜྰ ࢆࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡋࡓࠋ᰾ࡢࣉࣟࣇࣝࡣ໙㓄࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಀᩘ౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ/㡯࡞ࡢ ᙳ㡪࡛ࠊ᰾ࡢ࿘㎶⾜ࡃࡘࢀࠊືࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊ᭱㐺ࡢࣉࣟࣇࣝࡢุᐃࡀᅔ 㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᘧࢆࡗ࡚᰾ࡢᙧᡂ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆィ⟬ࡋࠊ:ࡀ᭱ᑠ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ FFࡢึᮇ್ࢆ᥈⣴ࡋࡓࠋ )LJ ࡣ᰾ࡢ୰ᚰ࠾ࡅࡿ0Q⃰ᗘF0QU ࢆኚ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࡢࡘF&XU ࢆ᭱㐺ࡉ ࡏࡓࡁࡢ:ࡢ್ࢆF0QU ࢆᶓ㍈ࡗ࡚ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋኚ㔞ࡣࢃࡎ࡛ ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊF0QU ࡢῶᑡࡘࢀ࡚:ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ)LJE:ࡀ᭱ᑠ࡞ࡗࡓ ࡁࡢ᰾ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇࣝࢆ♧ࡍ㸦)LJDࡣ)H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠ࡢ&X᰾ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇࣝ ϩ$ ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧 ࠋࡲࡓࠊ)LJF)H&X1Lྜ㔠ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇࣝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢྜ㔠࠾ ࠸࡚ࡶ᰾ࡢ୰ᚰ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ0Qࡸ1Lࡢ⃰ᗘࡣࢇࢮ࡛ࣟ࠶ࡾࠊ&X⃰ᗘࡣ㸰ඖ⣔ࡢ ࡁࡼࡾࡶῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ&X0Qࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ&X1Lࡢ┦స⏝ࡀⓎⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡇ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᚰࡽ࿘㎶ྥ࠺ྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢ⃰ᗘࡣ୍᪦㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊࡧῶ ᑡࡋ࡚ࣂࣝࢡࡢ⃰ᗘ㏆࡙ࡃࠋ&X⃰ᗘࡀᛴ⃭ῶᑡࡋጞࡵࡿࡇࢁ࡛0Qࡸ1Lࡢ⃰ᗘࡀ᭱ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢඖ⣲ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚ࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫࡢ⏺㠃೫ᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ ࠺ほᐹᐇᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ7DEOH $3),07(0(';ࡼࡿ⃰ᗘศᯒࡢሗ࿌ࢆ ♧ࡍࠋ ᰾⏕ᡂࡢάᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢᙳ㡪 )LJ ᘧࡼࡾィ⟬ࡋࡓ᰾ᙧᡂᚲせ࡞ : ᰾⏕ᡂࡢάᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆྜ 㔠ඖ⣲ࡢ⃰ᗘᑐࡋ࡚ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓࠋ&X ࡢࣂࣝࢡ⃰ᗘࡣ ZWࡋࠊ ᗘࡣ q& ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ0Qࠊ1L ࡢ᪉ࡶῧຍࡼࡾ : ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡢῧຍᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ)H&X ඖྜ㔠ࡢ್ࡼࡾ 0Q ࡀ ῶࠊ1L ࡀ ῶ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ1L ࡢ᪉ࡀῶᑡࡢᗘྜ࠸ࡀࡸࡸࡁ࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢࡇࡣ 0Q ࡸ 1L ࡢῧຍࡼࡾ᰾⏕ᡂࡢ㢖ᗘࡀቑຍࡋࠊ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇࢆ♧ ၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⢏Ꮚᩘࠊ⢏Ꮚࢧࢬࡢ㛫ኚ )LJD E /6 ࣔࢹࣝࡼࡗ࡚ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡋࡓ )HZW&X1L㸱ඖྜ㔠ࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚᩘ⢏Ꮚࢧࢬࡢ㛫ኚࢆ♧ࡍࠋຠ ᗘࡣ q& ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1L ࡢῧຍࡼࡾ⢏Ꮚ ࢧࢬࡣ࠶ࡲࡾᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⢏Ꮚᩘࡣ a ಸቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ)LJ ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓ : ࡢῶᑡࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ )LJ ࡣ)HZW&Xྜ㔠ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀ ZW0Q ZW1Lࢆῧຍࡋࡓྜ㔠ࡢ$3),0 ࡼࡿཎᏊ࣐ࢵࣉീࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&HUH]Rࡽࡣ)HDW&XDW1LDW0QDW 6Lྜ㔠)HDW&XDW1LDW0QDW6Lྜ㔠࡛ࡣࠊຠࡼࡿ◳ࡉࡢቑ ຍࡀᚋ⪅ࡣ๓⪅ࡢ a ಸ㐩ࡍࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ+LURVDZDࡽࡣྠࡌྜ㔠࡛ $3),0ീࡽ⢏Ꮚᩘࢆ ᐃࡋࠊᚋ⪅ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ್ࡀ๓⪅ࡢa ಸ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓ࡚ ࠾ࡾࠊᮏィ⟬ࡼࡃ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ)LJ ࡸࡇࢀࡲ࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡼࡿࠊ0Q ࡸ1Lࡢῧຍࡼࡾ&X⢏Ꮚᩘࡣቑຍࡢഴྥ࠶ࡾࠊᮏィ⟬⤖ᯝᐃᛶⓗྜ⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸱㸬㸲 ⤖ゝ &DKQ+LOOLDUG ⌮ㄽ /6 ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ)H&X ྜ㔠ࡢ &X ᯒฟཬࡰࡍྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢ ຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ&X ᰾ࡢᙧᡂᚲせ࡞㸦᰾⏕ᡂࡢάᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㸧ࡣ ྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢ DWࡢῧຍᑐࡋࠊ)H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠ࡢ್ࡢ a⛬ᗘࡢྜ࡛ῶᑡࡋࡓࠋ⮫⏺ ϩ$ ᰾ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇࣝࡣ᰾ࡢ୰ᚰࡼࡾࡸࡸእഃ࡛ྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡀ㧗⃰ᗘ࡞ࡾࠊᐇ㦂ⓗほ ᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚẕ┦⏺㠃ࡢ೫ᯒᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ/6 ࣔࢹࣝࡼࡾ ᯒฟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁࠊྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢῧຍࡼࡾ⢏Ꮚᩘࡀ a ಸቑຍࡋ ࡓࠋ⢏Ꮚࢧࢬᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣ 1L ῧຍࡼࡿຠ◳㔞ࡢቑຍࠊ࠾ ࡼࡧ $3),0 ീࡼࡾほᐹࡉࢀࡿ⢏Ꮚᩘቑຍࡢഴྥᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 1) G.M. Worrall, J.T. Buswell, C.A. English, M.G. Hetherington and G.D.W. Smith: J. Nucl. Mater., 148(1987), 107 2) K.Osamura, H.Okuda, K.Asano, M.Furusaka, K.Kishida, F.Kurosawa and R.Uemori, ISIJ International, vol.34(1994), p.346 3) A.Cerezo, T.J.Godfrey, C.R.M.Grovenor, M.G.Hetherington, R.M.Hoyle, J.P. Jakubovics, J.A.Liddle, G.D.W.Smith and G.M.Worrall, J.Microscopy, vol.154(1989), p.215 4) M.K. Miller, K.F. Russell, P. Pareige, M.J. Starink, R.C. Thomson, Mater.Sci.Eng., A250(1998), p.49 5) M.K. Miller, B.D. Wirth and G.R. Odette, Mater.Sci.Eng., A353(2003), p.133 6) A. Cerezo, S. Hirosawa, I. Rozdilsky and G.D.W. Smith, Phil.Trans., R.Soc.A vol.361((2003) p.463 7) ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࠊᐇ⏝㔠ᒓᮦᩱศ㔝ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠊᖹᡂ 13-15 ᖺ ᗘᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩ࠊ㈈ᅋἲே㔠ᒓ⣔ᮦᩱ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠊᮾி 8) J.W.Cahn and J.E. Hilliard, J.Chem.Phys., vol.31(1959), p.688 9) J.S. Langer and A.J. Schwartz: Phys.Rev.A, vol.21(1980), p.948 10) R. Kampmann and R. Wagner: in Decomposition of Alloys: the early stages, P. Hassen, V. Gerold, R. Wagner and M. F. Ashby, Eds., Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, (1984), 91 11) C.H.P. Lupis, Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials, p.309, 1983, North-Holland, New York 12) R. Kampmann and R. Wagner: Atomic Transport and Defects in Metals by Neutron Scattering, ed. by C.Janot, W.Petry, D.Richter and T.Spronger, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1986, pp.66-72. 13) R. Kampmann and R. Wagner: Atomic Transport and Defects in Metals by Neutron Scattering, ed. by C.Janot, W.Petry, D.Richter and T.Spronger, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1986, pp.73-77. 14) P. Haasen, Metall.Trans.A, vol.16A,(1985), p.1173 15) C. Zhang, M. Enomoto, T. Yamashita and N. Sano: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 35A(2004), 1263. 16) J.E.Hilliard, in Phase Transformations, ed. by H.I.Aaronson, p.497, ASM, Metals Park, OH, 1970 17) J. Friedberg, L.-E.Törndahl and M.Hillert, Jernkont. Ann., vol.153(1969), p.263 18) R.Monzen, K.Takada, C.Watanabe: ISIJ International, vol.44(2004), p.442 19) బ㔝┤ᖾࠊࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࠊᐇ⏝㔠ᒓᮦᩱศ㔝ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ ࠾ࡅࡿᮍⓎ⾲◊✲ 20) S. Hirosawa, ᮍⓎ⾲◊✲ࠊ࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻᏛࠊ2004 ϩ$ 7DEOH 5HJXODU VROXWLRQ LQWHUDFWLRQ FRHIILFLHQWV RI ELQDU\ V\VWHPV㸦7KHUPRFDOF㸧 $OOR\ : : )H&X 7 5HSXOVLYH )H0Q 7 $WWUDFWLYH )H1L 7 7 $WWUDFWLYH &X0Q 7 7 5HSXOVLYH &X1L 7 G ex 5HSXOVLYH x A xB ^: 0 :1 x A xB ` 7DEOHH&XD)HLQWHUIDFLDOVHJUHJDWLRQRIDOOR\LQJHOHPHQW &RQFHQWUDWLRQDW $OOR\ 3UHFLSLWDWH 0DWUL[ ,QWHUIDFH )H&X1L $3),0>@ )H&X1L 67(0(';>@ Fig.1 Miscibility gap and spinodal lines calculated at 500qC in the Fe-Cu-Mn system. ϩ$ Fig.2 Schematic illustration of the influence of alloying element (Mn) on the miscibility gap and critical temperature (TC) in bcc Fe-Cu alloys. Fig.3 Work for the formation of Cu nucleus as a function of the assumed Mn concentration at the center of a nucleus. ϩ$ Fig.4 b) c) Solute concentration profile in Fe-3Cu, Fe-3Cu-1Mn and Fe-3Cu-3Ni alloys. Fig.5 Variation of the work for the formation of Cu critical nucleus with alloying element concentration (mole fraction). ϩ$ b) c) Fig.6 Variation of a) the Cu particle radius, and b) the particle number calculated at 365rC in Fe-0.5Cu-Ni alloys using Langer-Schwartz model. Fig.7 APFIM mapping image of Fe-1.5Cu, Fe-1.5Cu-0.5Mn and 0.5Ni alloys. 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aq࡛࠶ࡾࠊq௨ෆ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡀ ࠊq௨ෆ࠶ࡿ ࡶࡢࡀ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ5HDG6FKRFNOH\ࡢᘧ VE (D$OQDࠊࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡇࢀࡽ ࡢࣛࢫቃ⏺ࡢᖹᆒ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆVE -P᥎ᐃࡋࡓࠋEaDQGE̓a ࡢࡁࠊ ࡠࢀゅࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࠊTa Taqィ⟬ࡉࢀࡿࠋ 㸲㸬㸳 ⁐㉁ཎᏊᯤῬᖏࡢィ⟬ ㌿ࡢ࿘ࡾࡢ⁐㉁ཎᏊᯤῬᖏࡢᙧ≧ࢆᰕࡍࡿࠋᘧࢆᚤศࡍࡿࠊ SRsd 2 dc2 1 dw2 dt U dt 2SRsd c0 c2 dRsd dt ࡞ࡾࠊྑ㎶ࡀᰕࡢ༙ᚄࡢቑຍࡢ㏿ᗘࢆ⾲ࡍࠋࢰ࣮ࣥ㸯㸦࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ㸧ࢰ࣮ࣥ㸰 㸦ᯤῬᖏ㸧ࡢ㛫ࡣࠊ⃰ᗘ໙㓄 c1 c2 / Rsd ࡼࡿ⁐㉁ཎᏊࡢὶ᮰ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ ὶ᮰ୖᘧࡢྑ㎶ࡀ➼ࡋ࠸࠾ࡃࡇࡼࡾࠊ Rsd dRsd c c aD 1 2 dt c0 c2 ࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࠊ้ W ࠾ࡅࡿࢰ࣮ࣥ㸰ࡢయ✚ศ⋡ࡣࠊ :2 SRsd 2 U ィ⟬ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࣛࢫቃ⏺ࡢ࿘ࡾࡢ⁐㉁ཎᏊᯤῬᖏࡢཌࡉGࡣࠊ dG c1 c3 DT | dt c0 c3 G ࡼࡗ࡚ィ⟬ࡉࢀࠊ :3 | 2G T ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇࠊ7 ࡣࣛࢫࡢཌࡉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸲㸬㸴 ᣑᩓಀᩘࡘ࠸࡚ ᯒฟࢆᚊ㏿ࡍࡿᣑᩓಀᩘࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ)ULHGEHUJࡽࡼࢀࡤࠊD)H୰ ࡢ&Xࡢయᣑᩓಀᩘࡣࠊ § 240000 · 2 ¸ m /s DV ~ 2D Fe 1.0 u 10-4 exp¨ ¨ R T ¸ g © ¹ ϩ$ ᭩ࡁ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㌿ἢࡗ࡚ࡢࣃࣉᣑᩓಀᩘ'Sࡢάᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣࠊయᣑᩓࡢ άᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢa ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>@ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㕲୰ࡢ⨨ᆺྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢ⢏⏺ ᣑᩓಀᩘࡣࠊ § 155000 · 3 ¸ m /s DbG ~ 5.4 u 10 -14 exp¨ ¨ R T ¸ g © ¹ ᭩ࡁ⾲ࡉࢀࡿ㸦Gࡣ⢏⏺ࡢཌࡉ㸧ࠋ ㌿ࡸ⢏⏺࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟࡀୖグࡢ'Sࡸ'E࡛ᚊ㏿ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊᴟึᮇ㝈ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓ ࠼ࡤࠊ⢏⏺࡛ࡣࠊᯒฟకࡗ࡚⢏⏺ෆࡢ⁐㉁ཎᏊࡣࡍࡄᯤῬࡋࠊ࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫࡽࡢ ౪⤥ࢆᚅࡓ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᯒฟ≀ࡣᡂ㛗࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊᯒฟࢆᚊ㏿ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ㒊ࡣ 'Sࡸ'E'Yࡀΰྜࡋࡓᣑᩓಀᩘ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆぢࡅࡢᣑᩓಀᩘ'DSSࡼࡪࡇ ࡍࡿࠋ㌿ࡸ⢏⏺ෆ࡛ᣑᩓሙࡀ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࣛࢵࣉࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ẚ㍑ⓗึᮇࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡣࠊ 'DSSࡣࠊ㌿⢏⏺ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࠊ 2 Dapp ~ 3 D p D v 2 Dapp ~ 3 D p D 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࣮ࣃ࣮ࢧࢳ࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆࢫࢸࢵࣉẖ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋィ⟬ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋィ⟬㛫ࡣ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿ ࡀࠊ➇ྜᯒฟࡢࡼ࠺ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢ್ࡀࢧࢺࡼࡗ࡚ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿሙྜࡸࠊኚែ࡞క ࠺ᛴ⃭࡞ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢኚࡶẚ㍑ⓗࡼࡃᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᮏࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣࠊᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂࢧࢺ ඃඛᯒฟࡋࡓ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ࿘ࡾࡢ⁐㉁ཎᏊᯤῬᖏ㸦VROXWHGHSOHWHG]RQH㸧ࡢᗈࡀࡾࢆࢩ࣑ࣗ ࣮ࣞࢺࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ➇ྜᯒฟࡶ⪃៖ࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝࡋࡓࠋࣔࢹࣝࡢヲ⣽ࡣ๓❶ጤࡡࡿࠋ ࡓࡔࡋࠊ᰾⏕ᡂ㏿ᗘࡣྂㄽ࣭㠀ྂㄽࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࡛ࡶィ⟬࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊ㠀ྂㄽ࡛ࡣ㛫 ࢫࢸࢵࣉࡈ⮫⏺᰾ࡢ⤌ᡂࣉࣟࣇࣝάᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆィ⟬ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ⡆༢ࡢࡓࡵྂㄽࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ෭༷ࡢ₯అ㛫ࡣຍ⟬๎ࢆࡗ࡚ィ⟬ࡋࡓࠋL␒┠ࡢ㛫ࢫࢸࢵࣉᑐᛂࡍࡿ ᗘ7L࡛ィ⟬ࡋࡓ₯అ㛫ࢆWLࡍࡿࠊQ␒┠ࡢ㛫ࢫࢸࢵࣉ฿㐩ࡋࡓࡁࡢಖᣢ㛫㸦Q'W㸧 ₯అ㛫ࡢẚࡣࠊ n 't ¦W i 1 i 't W1 't W2 't n't Wn W n eff ࡢࡼ࠺᭩ࡁ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡇࠊ'Wࡣ㛫ࢫࢸࢵࣉࡢᖜࠊWQHIIWQࡣ ࡽQ ␒┠ࡢࢱ࣒ ࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡛ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ᙧᡂࡀ㒊ศⓗ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡇࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓQ␒┠ࡢࢱ࣒ࢫࢸࢵࣉ ࠾ࡅࡿ₯అ㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㛫౫Ꮡࢆྵࡵࡓ᰾⏕ᡂ㏿ᗘ-ࡣࠊ J § W eff J s exp¨¨ © t · ¸¸ ¹ ᭩ࡁ⾲ࡉࢀࡿ-Vࡣᐃᖖ᰾⏕ᡂ㏿ᗘࠋ ௨ୖࡣᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂࡢィ⟬᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㌿ୖ᰾⏕ᡂࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊྠᵝࡋ࡚➼ ኚែ ⏝ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡽࡢᨵⰋࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 㸳㸬㸱 ᐇ㦂 ヨᩱ㸦)HPDVV&X㸧ࡢᏛ⤌ᡂࢆ 7DEOH ♧ࡍࠋࣇ࢙ࣛࢺᇦࡽࡢ㐃⥆෭༷ᚋࡢ ᯒฟ≀ࢆⷧ⭷ 7(0 ほᐹࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᆒ⇕㒊ࡢࡁ࠸⇕ࢧࢡࣝヨ㦂ᶵࢆ⇕ฎ⌮⅔ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ ࡿࡇࡋࠊ⇕ᘏᯈࢆ౪ヨᮦࡋࡓࠋ⇕ࢧࢡࣝヨ㦂ᶵࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ⾲㠃ࢆ◊๐ࡋࡓ PP ཌࡢ ⇕ᘏᯈࢆ $U 㞺ᅖẼ୰࡛ ΥPLQ ࡛⁐యฎ⌮ᚋࠊΥVHF ࠾ࡼࡧ ΥVHF ࡛ Υ ࡲ࡛෭༷ࡋࠊΥ㐩ࡋࡓࡽ᭱෭༷ࡋࡓࠋ ⇕ࢧࢡࣝヨ㦂ᚋࡢヨᩱࡣࠊࢫࣛࢫࡋ࡚ࠊᆒ⇕㒊ࡼࡾⷧ⭷ 7(0 ほᐹヨᩱ࠾ࡼࡧ㸱ḟඖ ࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ⏝ヨᩱࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢヨᩱࡣⷧ⭷ 7(0 ほᐹࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᯒฟ≀ࢧࢬ࣭㛫 㝸ࡢ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊ㸱ḟඖࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ'$3),0ࡼࡾࠊᚤ⣽࡞ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ ࡢᯒฟᐦᗘ࣭ᯒฟࢧࢬࡢほᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 㸳㸬㸲 ⤖ᯝ⪃ᐹ ϩ$ 㸳㸬㸲㸬㸯 ィ⟬⤖ᯝ )LJ ᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂࡢሙྜࡢ Υࡽࡢ㐃⥆෭༷ࢆ 1 ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝィ⟬ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ )LJDࡣࠊᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚᚄ R ࡢኚࢆ ᗘᑐࡋ࡚ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ෭༷㏿ᗘ / ࡀᑠ ࡉ࠸᪉ࡀ R ࡣࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋΥ㏆ࡽ R ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾኚࡋ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ ᗘࡢపୗ ࡶ &X ࡢᣑᩓࡀ㐜ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ)LJEࡣ⢏Ꮚᩘ 1 ࡢኚࢆ♧ࡍࠋ෭ ༷㏿ᗘ / ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ - ࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࡀࠊ⤒㐣㛫ࡀ㛗࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ ᗘᑐࡋ࡚ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡍࡿࠊᅗ ࡢࡼ࠺ 1 ࡢᕪࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ )LJFࡣ ࠾ࡼࡧ q&V ࡛෭༷ࡋࡓࡁࡢ᰾⏕ᡂ㏿ᗘ - ࡢኚࢆ ᗘᑐࡋ࡚ࣉ ࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ෭༷㏿ᗘ࡛᰾⏕ᡂࡀ㢧ⴭ㉳ࡇࡾጞࡵࡿࡢࡣࠊΥ㏆ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ෭༷㏿ᗘ / ࡀ q&V ࡢ᪉ࡀࠊ᰾⏕ᡂ㏿ᗘࡣࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ / ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࠊ᰾Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ⢏Ꮚࡀᡂ㛗ࡋࠊẕ┦ࡢ &X ⃰ᗘࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᡂ㛗ࡼࡿ &X ⃰ᗘࡢኚࡣࢃࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᰾⏕ᡂ㏿ᗘࡣẕ┦ࡢࢫ࣮ࣃ ࣮ࢧࢳ࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥᩄឤ౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ- ᩘಸࡢᕪࢆ⏕ࡌࡓࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ )LJGẕ┦ࡢ &X ⃰ᗘࡢኚࢆ♧ࡍࠋ/ q&V ࡛ࡣ &X ࡢᯒฟ㔞ࡣᑠࡉࡃࠊ෭༷ᚋࡶ 㒊ศࡢࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࢧࢳ࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀṧࡉࢀࡓࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ḟࠊ㌿ୖ᰾⏕ᡂࡢሙྜࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝࢆ )LJD㹼G♧ࡍࠋ㌿ୖ᰾⏕ᡂࡢሙྜࡣࠊ ᣑᩓ㏿ᗘࡀ㏿ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ෭༷ึᮇ㸦㧗 㸧ࡽᯒฟࡀጞࡲࡾࠊ⢏ᚄࡶࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡀࠊ➼ ຠᯒฟࡢሙྜྠᵝࠊᯒฟ⢏Ꮚᩘࡀᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂẚ࡚㠀ᖖᑠࡉ࠸ࡓࡵࠊ࣐ࢺࣜ ࢡࢫ୰ࡢ &X ⃰ᗘࢆῶᑡࡉࡏࡿࡣ⮳ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋྠᵝ⢏⏺ୖᯒฟࡋࡓ⢏Ꮚࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝࢆ )LJD㹼G♧ࡍࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢィ⟬ࡢᣑᩓಀᩘ࣭㌿ᐦᗘ࡞ࡣࠊ➼ ຠฎ⌮ࡢணṍࡳ࡞ࡋࡢࣉࣟࢢ ࣒ࣛ⏝࠸ࡓࡶࡢࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊ⁐యᚋࡢ෭༷࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㐣✵Ꮝࡢຠᯝࡣ⪃៖ ࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 㸳㸬㸲㸬㸰 )H&X ྜ㔠ࡢ㐃⥆෭༷ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡢẚ㍑ Υ⁐యᚋ෭༷㏿ᗘ/ ΥVHF ΥVHF࡛㐃⥆෭༷ࡋࡓヨᩱࢆࠊ'$3),0࡛ ほᐹࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡢ௦⾲ࢆ)LJ ♧ࡍࠋ/ ΥVHFࡢሙྜࡣᯒฟ⢏Ꮚᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵQ ࡢ ศᯒࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᚓࡽࢀࡓ&Xࡢ࣐ࢵࣉࡽ⢏Ꮚᚄ࠾ࡼࡧ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆࡲࡵ࡚ 7DEOH ♧ࡍࠋ )LJ ྠヨᩱࡢⷧ⭷ 7(0 ほᐹ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ7(0 ࡛ほᐹࡉࢀࡿᯒฟ≀ࡣࠊ෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ㐜࠸ ΥVHF ࡛ࡣࠊᯒฟ≀ࡀࣟࢵࢻ≧⢒ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㧗ಸ⋡ࡢ┿ࢆ⏬ീゎᯒࡋ ࡚ࠊ┦ᙜᚄ࡛⢏ᚄศᕸࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍࡀࠊ'$3),0 ࡢほᐹ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࡶ⢏Ꮚ ᚄࡣࡁࡃࠊ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࡣ ᱆⛬ᗘᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ7(0 ࡛ほᐹࡉࢀࡿᯒฟ≀ࡣ ࢇࡀ㌿ୖᏑᅾࡋ࡚ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ϩ$ ௨ୖࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆィ⟬⤖ᯝẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ෭༷㏿ᗘ/ ΥVHF ΥVHF࡛ Υࡽ 㐃⥆෭༷ࡋࡓሙྜࡢࠊ1ࣔࢹࣝࡼࡾィ⟬ࡋࡓ෭༷ᚋ7 Υࡢ⢏Ꮚᩘ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢศᕸࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊィ⟬࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⢏Ꮚᚄศᕸࡣ㸱ࡘࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊ⢏ᚄࡢ ᑠࡉ࠸ࡶࡢࡽࡑࢀࡒࢀࠊ࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ୰㸪㌿ୖ㸪⢏⏺ᯒฟࡋࡓࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࠋᅗࡣࠊ '$3),07(0ほᐹࡼࡿᐇ㦂್ࢆ'ࠊࡎࡲࠊࡀࡿ࠶࡚ࡋ♧࡛ڸڹۑ$3),0࡛ほᐹࡉࢀࡿ&Xࢡ ࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡣࠊ࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ୰᰾⏕ᡂࡋࡓࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ)LJ ࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝẚ㍑ࡍ ࡿࠊィ⟬⤖ᯝࡣ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࡀ 㹼ಶP࡞ࡾࠊᐇ㦂್࠾ࡼࡑ୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ7(0ࡢ ほᐹ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ ␒┠࠾ࡼࡧ ␒┠ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡢ㌿ୖ᰾⏕ᡂ㸪⢏⏺ୖ᰾⏕ᡂ┦ᙜࡍࡿศᕸ ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࠊィ⟬࡛ࡶᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀ 㹼QP࡛⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࡶ 㹼ಶP࡞ࡾࠊᴫࡡ୍⮴ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ1ࣔࢹࣝࡼࡿ㐃⥆෭༷㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥᡭἲࡀ☜❧ࡋࠊ ᐇ㦂್ࡶࡼ࠸୍⮴ࢆᚓࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏィ⟬ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᯒฟᩘ࠾ࡼࡧᯒฟ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢ෭༷㏿ᗘ ౫Ꮡᛶࢆ᥎ ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ♧ࡍࠋ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࠊ෭༷㏿ᗘࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ⢏Ꮚᩘࡣቑຍࡍ ࡿࡀࠊ/aΥVHF㏆࡛ࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ㐣ࡂࡿࠊῶᑡࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᡂ㛗ࡼࡾẕ┦ ࡢ ࢫ ࣮ ࣃ ࣮ ࢧ ࢳ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࡀ ῶ ᑡ ࡋ ࡚ - ࡀ ࡁ ࡃ ῶ ᑡ ࡋ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ ࡛࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ ࠊ )HPDVV&Xྜ㔠࡛ࡣࠊΥVHF࡛෭༷ࡍࡿࡢࡀ᭱ࡶ⢏Ꮚᩘࡀከࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ◳ᗘୖ᪼ࡀᚓࡽ ࢀࡿணࡉࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ⢏Ꮚᚄࡣ/ࡢῶᑡࡶ༢ㄪቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ )LJEࠋ ࡉࡽࠊࡇࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ PDVV&X ྜ㔠ࡢᯒฟᣲືࡢ &&7 777 ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍࠋᅗࡼࡾࠊΥ௨ୗࡢప ࡛ࡣ 777 ࡼࡾࡶ &&7 ࡢ᪉ࡀ▷㛫࡛ᯒฟ㛤ጞࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣࠊᐇᕤ⛬࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ&X ࡢᯒฟࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿᡭẁࡋ࡚㐃⥆ ෭༷㐣⛬ࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᚋࡢᐇヨᩱࡢᒎ㛤ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ 㸳㸬㸳 ⤖ゝ 1ࣔࢹࣝࢆ㐃⥆෭༷㐺⏝ࡋࠊ෭༷୰ࡢ &X ᯒฟᣲືࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡋࠊ෭༷ᚋࡢᖹᆒ⢏ Ꮚᚄࠊ⢏Ꮚᩘࠊ࠾ࡼࡧẕ┦ࡢṧ␃ &X ⃰ᗘࢆண ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊPDVV&X ྜ㔠 ࡢ㐃⥆෭༷㐣⛬ࡢᯒฟ≀ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥVHF ࠾ࡼࡧ ΥVHF ࡢ ᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂ࠾ࡼࡧ㌿ୖ᰾⏕ᡂࢆᐃࡋࡓィ⟬࠾ࡼࡧᐇ㦂್ࡀࠊࡼ࠸୍⮴ࢆᚓࡓࠋࡇࢀࡼ ࡾ┠ⓗᛂࡌࡓ᭱㐺ࡢ෭༷᮲௳ࡢ᥈⣴ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠶ࡲࡾὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ ຠᚋࡢ෭༷୰ࡢᯒฟ࡞ࡶண ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ϩ$ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ -6/DQJHUDQG$-6FKZDUW]3K\V5HY$YROS 5.DPSPDQQDQG5:DJQHU͆'HFRPSRVLWLRQRI$OOR\VWKHHDUO\VWDJHV͇3URFQG $FWD6FULSWD0HWDOOXUJLFD&RQI*HUPDQ\S3HUJDPRQ3UHVV ࠕᐇ⏝㔠ᒓᮦᩱศ㔝ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠖࠊᖹᡂ㸯㸱ᖺᗘࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᡂᯝሗ ࿌᭩ࠊ᪂࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓࠊ㈈㔠ᒓᮦᩱ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ࠕᐇ⏝㔠ᒓᮦᩱศ㔝ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠖࠊᖹᡂ㸯㸲ᖺᗘࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᡂᯝሗ ࿌᭩ࠊ᪂࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓࠊ㈈㔠ᒓᮦᩱ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ᒣୗᏕᏊ㸪బ㔝┤ᖾ㸪ᙇ ᘱ㸪ᴮᮏṇே㸪ⓑὈ㸸᪥ᮏ㔠ᒓᏛㄅ㸪 -%<DQJDQG0(QRPRWR,6,-,QWHU ࠕᐇ⏝㔠ᒓᮦᩱศ㔝ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠖࠊᖹᡂ㸯㸳ᖺᗘࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᡂᯝሗ ࿌᭩ࠊ᪂࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓࠊ㈈㔠ᒓᮦᩱ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ 7DEOH &KHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIVSHFLPHQV㸦PDVV㸧 &X & 6L 0Q 3 6 1 )H %DO 7DEOH3DUWLFOHGHQVLW\DQGUDGLXVE\'$3),0 Cooling rate Num. cluster volume / m3 Nv / m-3 size / nm 0.02 K/s 2 8.82E-24 2.3E+23 0.9 0.02 K/s 1 2.58E-23 3.9E+22 0.9 0.02 K/s 2 1.63E-23 1.2E+22 0.9 and 6.0 0.1 K/s 9 1.25E-23 7.2E+23 0.9 to 1.5 ϩ$ a) Mean radius of particle b) Particle density 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻞㻣 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻣 㻼㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻌㼐㼑㼚㼟㼕㼠㼥㻘㻌㼙㻙㻟 㻼㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻌㼞㼍㼐㼕㼡㼟㻘㻌㼙 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻢 㻜㻚㻜㻞䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻝䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻤 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻥 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻝㻜 㻤㻜㻜 㻣㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻞㻠 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻞㻝 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻤 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻡 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻞 㻤㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻞䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻝䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻣㻜㻜 㼀㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㼀㻛䉝 c) Nucleation rate 㻢㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㼀㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㼀㻛䉝 㻞㻜㻜 d) Cu contents in matrix 㻤㻚㻱㻗㻞㻝 㻺㼡㼏㼘㼑㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑㻘㻌㼙㻙㻟㼟㻙㻝 㻜㻚㻜㻝㻠 㻯㼡㻌㼙㼛㼘㼑㻌㼒㼞㼍㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚 㻜㻚㻜㻝㻞 㻜㻚㻜㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻤 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻢 㻜㻚㻜㻞䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻝䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻠 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻞 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻜 㻤㻜㻜 㻣㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㼀㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㼀㻛䉝 㻟㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻣㻚㻱㻗㻞㻝 㻢㻚㻱㻗㻞㻝 㻜㻚㻜㻞䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻝䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻡㻚㻱㻗㻞㻝 㻠㻚㻱㻗㻞㻝 㻟㻚㻱㻗㻞㻝 㻞㻚㻱㻗㻞㻝 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻞㻝 㻜㻚㻱㻗㻜㻜 㻤㻜㻜 㻣㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㼀㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㼀㻛䉝 㻟㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 )LJ9DULDWLRQZLWKFRQWLQXRXVFRROLQJRISDUWLFOHUDGLXVGHQVLW\QXFOHDWLRQUDWH DQG&XFRQWHQWVRIPDWUL[XVLQJ1PRGHORIKRPRJHQHRXVQXFOHDWLRQ ϩ$ a) Mean radius of particle b) Particle density 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻞㻠 㻜㻚㻜㻞䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻝䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻣 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻞㻞 㻼㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻌㼐㼑㼚㼟㼕㼠㼥㻘㻌㼙㻙㻟 㻼㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻌㼞㼍㼐㼕㼡㼟㻘㻌㼙 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻢 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻤 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻥 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻝㻜 㻤㻜㻜 㻣㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻞㻜 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻤 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻢 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻞 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻜 㻤㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻞䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻝䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻠 㻣㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 d) Cu contents in matrix 㻢㻚㻱㻗㻝㻢 㻺㼡㼏㼘㼑㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑㻘㻌㼙㻙㻟㼟㻙㻝 㻜㻚㻜㻝㻠 㻜㻚㻜㻝㻞 㻯㼡㻌㼙㼛㼘㼑㻌㼒㼞㼍㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚 㻡㻜㻜 㼀㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㼀㻛䉝 㼀㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㼀㻛䉝 c) Nucleation rate 㻢㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻤 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻢 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻠 㻜㻚㻜㻞䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻝䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻞 㻣㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻞䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻝䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻠㻚㻱㻗㻝㻢 㻟㻚㻱㻗㻝㻢 㻞㻚㻱㻗㻝㻢 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻢 㻜㻚㻱㻗㻜㻜 㻤㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻜 㻤㻜㻜 㻡㻚㻱㻗㻝㻢 㻞㻜㻜 㻣㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㼀㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㼀㻛䉝 㼀㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㼀㻛䉝 )LJ9DULDWLRQZLWKFRQWLQXRXVFRROLQJRISDUWLFOHUDGLXVGHQVLW\QXFOHDWLRQ UDWHDQG&XFRQWHQWVRIPDWUL[XVLQJ1PRGHORIQXFOHDWLRQDWGLVORFDWLRQV ϩ$ a) Mean radius of particle b) Particle density 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻢 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻞㻞 㻼㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻌㼐㼑㼚㼟㼕㼠㼥㻘㻌㼙㻙㻟 㻼㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻌㼞㼍㼐㼕㼡㼟㻘㻌㼙 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻞㻜 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻣 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻤 㻜㻚㻜㻞䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻝䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻥 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻝㻜 㻤㻜㻜 㻣㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻤 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻢 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻠 㻜㻚㻜㻞䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻝䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻞 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻜 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻜㻤 㻤㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻣㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻝㻠 㻜㻚㻜㻞䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻝䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻜㻝㻞 㻟㻚㻱㻗㻝㻢 㻯㼡㻌㼙㼛㼘㼑㻌㼒㼞㼍㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚 㻺㼡㼏㼘㼑㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼞㼍㼠㼑㻘㻌㼙㻙㻟㼟㻙㻝 㻠㻜㻜 d) Cu contents in matrix 㻠㻚㻱㻗㻝㻢 㻞㻚㻱㻗㻝㻢 㻞㻚㻱㻗㻝㻢 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻢 㻡㻚㻱㻗㻝㻡 㻜㻚㻱㻗㻜㻜 㻤㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㼀㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㼀㻛䉝 㼀㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㼀㻛䉝 c) Nucleation rate 㻟㻚㻱㻗㻝㻢 㻢㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻤 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻢 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻠 㻜㻚㻜㻞䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻝䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻞 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻜 㻣㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㼀㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㼀㻛䉝 㻟㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻤㻜㻜 㻣㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㼀㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㼀㻛䉝 )LJ9DULDWLRQZLWKFRQWLQXRXVFRROLQJRISDUWLFOHUDGLXVGHQVLW\QXFOHDWLRQ UDWHDQG&XFRQWHQWVRIPDWUL[XVLQJ1PRGHORIQXFOHDWLRQRQJUDLQERXQGDU\ ϩ$ Directio n 11 nm of analy sis 11 nm 64 nm a) cooling rate = 0.1䉝/sec Direction of analysis 12 nm 12nm 53 nm b) cooling rate = 0.02䉝/sec )LJ'PDSSLQJLPDJHRI&XGLVWULEXWLRQLQWKHFRQWLQXRXVFRROLQJIURPΥ ϩ$ 0.1䉝/sec 0.02䉝/sec QP QP QP QP )LJ7(0PLFURJUDSKVRIVSHFLPHQVFRQWLQXRXVFRROLQJIURPΥ 㻝㻚㻠㻱㻗㻞㻜 㻼㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻌㼐㼑㼚㼟㼕㼠㼥㻘㻌㻺㻛㼙㻙㻟 㻝㻚㻞㻱㻗㻞㻜 㻜㻚㻝䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻜㻚㻜㻞䉝㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻝㻚㻜㻱㻗㻞㻜 㻤㻚㻜㻱㻗㻝㻥 㻢㻚㻜㻱㻗㻝㻥 㻠㻚㻜㻱㻗㻝㻥 㻞㻚㻜㻱㻗㻝㻥 㻜㻚㻜㻱㻗㻜㻜 㻝㻜䡚㻞㻜㼚㼙 㻞㻜䡚㻟㻜㼚㼙 㻟㻜䡚㻠㻜㼚㼙 㻠㻜䡚㻡㻜㼚㼙 㻡㻜䡚㻢㻜㼚㼙 㻢㻜䡚㻣㻜㼚㼙 㻣㻜䡚㻤㻜㼚㼙 㻤㻜䡚㻥㻜㼚㼙 㻥㻜䡚㻝㻜㻜㼚㼙 㻝㻜㻜㼚㼙௨ୖ 㻼㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻌㼞㼍㼐㼕㼡㼟㻘㻌㼞㻛㼚㼙 )LJ6L]HGLVWULEXWLRQRI&XSDUWLFOHIRUFRQWLQXRXVFRROLQJE\7(0PLFURJUDSKV ϩ$ a) 0.02䉝/sec 㼀㻩㻠㻜㻜䉝㻌㻘㻯㻯㻩㻜㻚㻜㻞㼐㼑㼓㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻟㻜 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻞㻢 㻿㼕㼦㼑㻌㼐㼕㼟㼠㼞㼕㼎㼡㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻘㻌㼙㻙㻟 㻯㼍㼘㼏㼡㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 㻭㻼㻙㻲㻵㻹 㼀㻱㻹 㼀㻱㻹㻔㻳㻺㻕 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻞㻞 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻤 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻠 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻜 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻝㻜 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻥 㼀㻩㻠㻜㻜䉝㻘㻯㻯㻩㻜㻚㻝㼐㼑㼓㻛㼟㼑㼏 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻟㻜 㻯㼍㼘㼏㼡㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 㻭㻼㻙㻲㻵㻹 㼀㻱㻹 㼀㻱㻹㻔㻳㻺㻕 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻞㻢 㻿㼕㼦㼑㻌㼐㼕㼟㼠㼞㼕㼎㼡㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻘㻌㼙㻙㻟 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻢 b) 0.1䉝/sec 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻣 㻾㼍㼐㼕㼡㼟㻘㻌㼙 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻤 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻞㻞 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻤 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻠 㻝㻚㻱㻗㻝㻜 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻝㻜 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻥 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻤 㻾㼍㼐㼕㼡㼟㻘㻌㼙 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻣 㻝㻚㻱㻙㻜㻢 )LJ&DOFXODWHGVL]HGLVWULEXWLRQRISDUWLFOHE\FRROLQJUDWHIRU QXFOHDWLRQDWGLVORFDWLRQV ϩ$ a) Particle density b) Particle radius )LJ9DULDWLRQZLWKSDUWLFOHGHQVLW\DQGUDGLXVRIFRROLQJUDWH,QWHUIDFLDO HQHUJ\ȪDUHDQG-P )LJ&RPSDULVRQEHWZHHQ&&7DQG777FXUYHVDWYROXPHIUDFWLRQRI&XSUHFLSLWDWLRQ ϩ$ 㸦㸴㸧&X ⢏Ꮚࡢ⤌ᡂኚᡂ㛗ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ 㸴㸬㸯 ⥴ゝ ⮬ື㌴㌴య⏝ࡢ㧗ᙇຊ㗰ᯈࡸཎᏊ⅔ࡢᅽຊᐜჾᮦࡋ࡚&Xῧຍ㗰ࡀ㛵ᚰࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ )H&X⣔ྜ㔠ࡣຠฎ⌮ࢆࡍᴟࡵ࡚ᚤ⣽࡞&X⢏Ꮚࡀᯒฟࡋࠊ 㗰ࡢ◳ᗘࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡇࡀ▱ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ≉ᛶࢆୖᡭࡃ⏝ࡋࠊపⅣ⣲㗰࠾࠸࡚㧗ᙉᗘࡢ᪉ἲࡢ୍ࡘ⏝ࡉࢀ ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ㏱㐣㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾࡛⤌⧊ኚࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ௨๓࠾࠸࡚ࠊ$3),0ࠊ㝧㟁Ꮚᾘ⁛࡞ࡼࡾࠊ &Xࡣ㠀ᖖᚤ⣽࡞⢏Ꮚࡸ&XཎᏊࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡋ࡚⏕ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᫂ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ ࡋࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ⤌ᡂࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᐇ㦂ⓗ㝧㟁Ꮚᾘ⁛ࡸ6$16ࡼࡿ ᐃ࡛ࡣ&X⢏Ꮚ࠾ࡅࡿ&X ⃰ᗘࡣࡰ ࡛࠶ࡿሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ$3),0࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡼࡾప࠸࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ ࢀࡽࡢᐇ㦂ࡣ㈨ᩱࡢ⤌ᡂࡸຠ㛫ࡶࡲࡕࡲࡕ࡛ࠊ&X⃰ᗘࡢ㛫ኚ࡞ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡣ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ&X)H࠾ࡅࡿཎᏊ༙ᚄࡢ㐪࠸ࡣᑠࡉࡃࠊṍ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸ࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊȘ)H&Xࡀᅛ⁐ࡋࡓࡁࡢ᱁ᏊᐃᩘኚࡣGDGF ࣭QP↓ど࡛ࡁ ࡞࠸ࠋȘ)H୰ᯒฟࡍࡿ&X⢏Ꮚࡣࠊࡣࡌࡵẕ┦ᩚྜ࡞EFF࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ EFF&Xࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡣ QP᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ್ࢆࡶࡕ࠸ࡿࠊẕ┦ࡢ)HཎᏊࡢ ࣑ࢫࣇࢵࢺࡣa ࡶ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ⏕ᡂึᮇẁ㝵ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ&DKQ+LOOLDUGࡢ㠀ྂⓗ᰾⏕ᡂ⌮ㄽࡽ ồࡵࡽࢀࡓ&X⮫⏺᰾ࢆࡶࠊ&DKQ+LOOLDUGࡢ㠀⥺ᙧᣑᩓ᪉⛬ᘧࢆᕪศἲࡼࡾ┤᥋ゎ ࡃ࡛&Xࡢᡂ㛗㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿࠊ ᰾ࡢ༙ᚄࡸ୰ᚰ⃰ᗘࡢ㛫ኚ࠾ࡼࡧᒁᡤᖹ⾮ࡢ⛣⾜㐣⛬ࠊ ࡲࡓṍ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓሙྜࡘ࠸࡚ࡢィ⟬ᶵࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 㸴㸬㸰 ィ⟬᪉ἲ ⮫⏺᰾ࡢ⤌ᡂࡘ࠸࡚ ࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ୰ࡢ &X ᯒฟࡣ࠾ࡅࡿ⮫⏺᰾⏕ᡂᚲせ࡞⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢኚࡣ 2 'F ³ ['f N (c) 'f § wf · f (c) f (c 0 ) (c c 0 )¨ ¸ © wc ¹ c 0 V Eel ]dv (1) ⾲ࡉࢀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ ϩ$ (2) ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊf (c) ࡣ&X⃰ᗘ c ࡢ⤌ᡂࡀᆒ୍࡞ẕ┦ࡢ༢య✚࠶ࡓࡾࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࠊ c 0 ࡣẕ┦࠾ࡅࡿ&Xࡢࣔࣝศ⋡ࠊ N ࡣ໙㓄࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಀᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ)H&Xྜ㔠࠾ࡅ ࡿึᮇࡢᯒฟ≀ࡣ⌫ᙧࢆᡂࡍࡢ࡛ࠊᩚྜࡦࡎࡳࢆ➼᪉ᙎᛶṍࡋ࡚⾲ࡍࠊ f o o (1 c) f Fe c f Cu R T {c ln c (1 c) ln(1 c)} L c (1 c) K 2 E (c c 0 ) 2 1 Q (3) ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ L ࡣ┦స⏝ಀᩘࠊ E ࡣࣖࣥࢢ⋡ࠊQ ࡣ࣏ࢯࣥẚࠊK ࡣ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡢ࣑ ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳ [QPSHUDW&Xࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ &X ⮫⏺᰾ࡢ⃰ᗘศᕸࡣࠊᘧኚศཎ⌮ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ࣮࢜ࣛ᪉⛬ᘧᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࡲࡓࠊ&X ᯒ ฟ≀ࡀึᮇ࠾࠸࡚⌫ᙧ࠸࠺ࡇࡽࠊḟࡢᘧ࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋ 2N w 2 c 4N wc r wr wr2 w'f wc (4) ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ໙㓄࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಀᩘ N ࡣ⃰ᗘ౫Ꮡࡏࡎࠊḟࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡶࡢࡋࠊ⮫⏺᰾ࢆồ ࡵࡿࠋ wc wr c 0 at r c0 0 and r at r f f (5) ໙㓄࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಀᩘ N ࡣࠊࣇ࢙ࣛࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡞EFFᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᅛ⁐య࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᭱㏆᥋ ➨㸰㏆᥋ཎᏊࡢ┦స⏝ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ➨㸰㏆᥋ࡢ┦స⏝ࡀ᭱㏆᥋ࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿ௬ᐃࡍࡿࠊ໙㓄࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಀᩘࡣࠊ N 2 0.14 La0 / Vm ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ Vm ࡣᅛ⁐ యࡢࣔࣝయ✚࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㠀⥺ᙧᣑᩓ᪉⛬ᘧ ࡲࡓࠊ᰾ࡢᡂ㛗ࡣḟࡢᣑᩓ᪉⛬ᘧ࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋ wc wt ^M (c)F ` ½wF 2 wc w w2F M ( c ) 2 ® M (c ) M (c ) ¾ wr r wr wc ¿ wr ¯ ( 6) ϩ$ ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ M (c ) ࡣཎᏊࡢᣑᩓࡢ᫆ືᗘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㸰ᡂศ⣔࡛ࡣࠊ┦ᣑᩓಀᩘࢆࡶࡕ࠸࡚ࠊ M (c ) M Cu (1 c) M Fe c c(1 c) (7 ) ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋ M Fe , M Cu ࡣȘ)Hࠊ&Xࡢ⮬ᕫᣑᩓಀᩘ DFe , DCu D X M X RT ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿ ࠋ F ࡣᣑᩓ࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࢆ⾲ࡋࠊ F wf 2N 2 c wc (8) ࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⮫⏺᰾࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࢜ࣛࡢᘧࡣ F 0 ࡍࡿࡇ➼౯࡛࠶ࡿࠋᘧࢆゎࡃ ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊᕪศἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ィ⟬ࡋࡓࠋィ⟬᮲௳࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᰾ࡢᡂ㛗ᙳ㡪ࡀ࡛࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࠊ ࣓ࢵࢩࣗࢧࢬࡣ QP ࡋࡓࠋ 㸴㸬㸱 ⤖ᯝ⪃ᐹ ⮫⏺᰾ࡢᡂ㛗 ṍ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜ࠾࠸࡚ࠊΥ࠾ࡅࡿ )HZW&X ࠾ࡼࡧ ZW&X ࡢ ࡘࡢྜ㔠ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⮫⏺᰾ࡢ &X ࣔࣝศ⋡ࢆィ⟬ࡋࠊ)LJ㸯♧ࡍࠋZW&X ࠾ࡅࡿ⮫ ⏺᰾ࡢ୰ᚰࣔࣝศ⋡ࡣ ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊZW&X ࡢ⮫⏺᰾ࡣ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢഴྥࡣࠊẕ┦ &X ⃰ ᗘࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊẕ┦⃰ᗘࡀ୍ᐃࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶࠊ ᗘࡀపୗࡋ࡚ ࡶࠊࡇࡢഴྥࡣࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ⮫⏺᰾ࡶ㸯࣓ࢵࢩࣗࡔࡅ⃰ᗘศᕸࢆࡎࡽࡋࠊ᰾ᡂ㛗ࠊᾘ⁛ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ ጞࡵࡿࠋࡇࡢࡁࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢኚࡣ㹩7 ࡢ 㸣ᮍ‶࡛࠶ࡿࠋ )LJDE ࡣẕ┦ &X ⃰ᗘࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࡢࡢ⮫⏺᰾ࡽࡢᡂ㛗ࢆ &X ࣔࣝศ⋡ࡢ㛫ኚ ࡼࡾ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ&X ࡣ⮫⏺᰾ࡢ୰ᚰࣔࣝศ⋡ࡀ㸯࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡣࡌࡵࡽ᰾༙ ᚄࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ⮫⏺᰾ࡢ୰ᚰࣔࣝศ⋡ࡀ㸯࡛࡞࠸ &X ࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎ᰾ࡢ୰ᚰࣔࣝ ศ⋡ࡀୖ᪼ࡋࠊࡑࡢ⤌ᡂ ᗘࡽ᮶ࡿᖹ⾮≧ែࡢ⤌ᡂ㐩ࡋࡓᚋࠊ᰾༙ᚄࡀቑຍࡋࠊᡂ㛗 ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ)LJD ࡽ &X ࠾ࡅࡿ᰾ࡢ୰ᚰࣔࣝศ⋡ࡀ㸯࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫ࡀ ࠾ࡼࡑ ⛊⛬ᗘண ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ẕ┦ᯒฟ᰾ࡢቃ⏺ࢆ⏺㠃㏆ഐࡢ᭱ࡶ⃰ᗘࡢప࠸㒊ศࡋࠊ ࡇࡢቃ⏺࠾ࡅࡿ &X ࣔࣝศ⋡ࡢ㛫ኚࢆ )LJE ♧ࡍࠋࡕࡽࡢ⃰ᗘ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡇࡢ ᗘ࠾ࡅࡿᖹ⾮⃰ᗘྥࡗ࡚ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ ⾜ࡗࡓィ⟬ࡢ㛫⠊ᅖ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ᒁᡤᖹ⾮ࡣ⮳ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᩚྜṍࡢᙳ㡪 )L ࡣ ZW&XΥ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ᩚྜṍࡢ᭷↓ࡼࡿ &X ⮫⏺᰾ࡢࣔࣝศ⋡ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ϩ$ ᩚྜṍࡢᙳ㡪࡛ࠊ⁐ゎᗘࢠࣕࢵࣉࡢ⮫⏺ ᗘࡀ Υࡽ Υపࡃ࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⮫ ⏺᰾ࡢࢧࢬࡣࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᩚྜṍࡢ᭷↓ࡼࡿ ࡘࡢ⮫⏺᰾ࡽ᰾ᡂ㛗ࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ 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࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᑐࡍࡿ⇕ຊᏛⓗࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᮏィ⟬ࡣᐇ㝿ࡢᙜ ヱྜ㔠⣔ࡢィ⟬≧ែᅗ┤᥋ᑐᛂࡋࡓゎᯒ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᘧࡢᩘ್ゎᯒࡣᕪ ศἲ㝧ゎἲࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋ 㸰㸬ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ )H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠࠾ࡅࡿྛ✀ࡢ┦ኚែ࣭⤌⧊ᙧᡂᑐࡍࡿ 3KDVHILHOG ࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢ )H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠ࡢ&X┦ࡢᯒฟ㐣⛬ࡣᐇ㦂ᐇࡽ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ >㐣㣬ᅛ⁐యEFF@Ѝ>&XEFFᯒฟ@Ѝ>&XEFFࡢ IFF ࡢኚែ@Ѝ>&XIFFࡢᙧ≧ኚ @ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ୍㐃ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ࡚ 3KDVHILHOG ἲࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡚ࣔࢹࣝࡋࡓࠋ &XEFFࡢᯒฟ㸸)LJ ࡣ )HDW&X ྜ㔠. ➼ ຠ࠾ࡅࡿࠊEFF ┦࡛ࡢࢫࣆࣀ ࣮ࢲࣝศゎ㐣⛬ࡢ㸰ḟඖࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࠶ࡿࠋ⤌⧊ᙧᡂࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿ⊂❧ኚᩘࡣ⃰ᗘ ሙ&X ⃰ᗘࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ୰ࡢ D㹼Iࡣ↓ḟඖࡉࢀࡓຠ㛫࡛ࠊึᮇ≧ែࡣ㐣㣬 ᅛ⁐య࡛࠶ࡾࠊᩘ࡚s⛬ᗘࡢ⃰ᗘᦂࡽࡂࡀᑟධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ୰ࡢ㯮࠸⢏Ꮚࡀ &XEFF⢏Ꮚ࡛ࠊᆅࡢ㟷Ⰽࡢ㒊ศࡀ )HEFF࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋึᮇࢫࣆࣀ࣮ࢲࣝ ศゎࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⤌⧊యᆒ୍࡞⃰ᗘᦂࡽࡂࡀ㐍ᒎࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ࢜ࢫࢺ࣡ࣝࢻᡂ㛗ࡼ ࡗ࡚ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡀᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬ࡀィ⟬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ &XEFF ࡢ IFF ࡢ ኚ ែ 㸸 )LJ ࡣ )LJ ࡢ ィ ⟬ EFF Ѝ IFF ࡢ ⤖ ᬗ ኚ ែ ࢆ グ ㏙ ࡍ ࡿ SKDVHILHOGኚᩘࢆ㏣ຍࡋ࡚ࠊEFF┦࠾ࡅࡿࢫࣆࣀ࣮ࢲࣝศゎ࠾ࡼࡧ&XEFF┦ࡢIFF ࡢ⤖ᬗኚែࢆྠィ⟬࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ)LJࡢィ⟬ࢆᣑᙇࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋィ⟬᮲ ௳ࡣ)LJࡢሙྜྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿࠋึᮇࡢ⤌⧊ᙧᡂ㐣⛬ࡣ)LJࡢሙྜࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢᡂ㛗㐣⛬ධࡿࠊ㯮࠸&X⢏Ꮚࡀ⤖ᬗኚែࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࠊIFF┦㸦ᅗࡢ㉥࠸㒊ศ㸧 ࠊẚ㍑ⓗࢧࢬࡢࡁ࡞ࡶࡢࡽ㡰ḟኚࡍࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ &XIFF┦ࡢᙧ≧ኚ㸸)LJࡣࠊ&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡀ࡚IFF┦ኚែࡋࡓ௬ᐃࡢୗࠊࡼࡾ ᗈ࠸㡿ᇦ㸦)LJࡢ㸲ಸࡢィ⟬㡿ᇦ㸧࡛ࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢ⢒㐣⛬ࢆ㸰ḟඖィ⟬ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ≉ࡇࡢィ⟬࡛ࡣࠊ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ᪉౫Ꮡᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓィ⟬ࣔࢹࣝࢆసᡂࡋ ࡓࠋ)LJࡣࠊỈᖹ᪉ྥࡽrࡢ᪉ྥࡢ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀ᭱ࡶపࡃ࡞ࡿ᮲௳࡛ࡢィ⟬ ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᯒฟ┦ࡢᙧ≧ࡣࡇࡢ᪉ྥᑐࡋᆶ┤᪉ྥఙࡧࡓ⤌⧊࡞ࡿࠋ ⢏Ꮚࡢᡂ㛗క࠸ࠊ⢏Ꮚᙧ≧ࡀᲬ≧ኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᵝᏊࡀィ⟬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸯ಶࡢ &XEFFᚤ⢏Ꮚෆ࠾ࡅࡿࡢ EFF ࡽ IFF ࡢ⤖ᬗኚែ㸸&XEFF┦ࡢ IFF ࡢ ኚែࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ)LJ ࡣ㏻ᖖࡢ 3KDVHILHOG ࣔࢹࣝᇶ࡙ࡃࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⤖ᬗ ኚែࡢᒁᡤ㒊ศࡀ࡞ࡵࡽ㐃⥆ⓗኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋከᩘࡢᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࢆྵࡴ⤌⧊ࡢ┦ኚ ែࡢ⥲ྜⓗࣔࢹࣝ࠸࠺ほⅬࡽࡣࠊࡇࢀࡣၥ㢟࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᒁᡤⓗ EFF ┦ࡀ IFF ┦⤖ᬗኚែࡋ࡚ࠊᬗࢻ࣓ࣥ⤌⧊ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿሗࡀᚲせ࡞ሙྜࡣࠊࡑ ϩ$ ࡢ㒊ศࢆูࣔࢹࣝࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ3KDVHILHOG ἲ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ┦ኚែᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺኚែࡢ 3KDVHILHOG ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ )LJ ࡣࠊ㸯ಶࡢ&XEFFᚤ⢏Ꮚෆ࠾ࡅࡿࠊEFFࡽIFFࡢ⤖ᬗኚែࢆィ⟬ࡋࡓ㸰 ḟඖࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝ࡛ࠊᅗDࡢ㯮࠸㒊ศࡀ&XEFFᚤ⢏Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㛫ࡢ㐍⾜ క࠸ࠊࡇࡢ㯮࠸⢏Ꮚࡢ⾲㠃ࡽ㉥࠾ࡼࡧ⥳࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓIFF┦ࡀࠊ⤖ᬗኚែࡼࡗ࡚⏕ᡂ࣭ ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬ࡀィ⟬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㉥࠾ࡼࡧ⥳࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓࢻ࣓ࣥࡣ࠸ᬗ ࡢ㛵ಀ࠶ࡾࠊ≉ᅗFG࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୧⪅ࡀ࠸ᐤࡾῧ࠸ᛂຊࢆ⦆ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᵕ≧ ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᵝᏊࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽᅗI࠾࠸࡚⢏ᏊෆࡣࡰIFF┦ࡢࡳ࡞ࡾࠊ ࡑࡢᚋࡣࠊᬗࢻ࣓ࣥ㛫ࡢᡂ㛗ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᅗKࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓ࣛࣛ≧ࡢᬗ⤌⧊ኚ ࡍࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢ⤌⧊ᙧᡂࡣࠊ᭱㏆ࡢ㧗ศゎ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾ࡼࡿ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ⤖ᬗኚែࡢほᐹ ࡶࡰᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏィ⟬⤖ᯝࡣࠊᚤ⢏Ꮚ⣔࠾ࡅࡿ⤖ᬗኚែ㸦࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ ኚែ㸧ࡢ3KDVHILHOGἲࡼࡿࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡾࠊ㠀ᖖࡢᑠࡉ࡞㡿ᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ┦ኚែࢆ ᐃ㔞ⓗゎᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭷⏝࡞ࢶ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚ࡶ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠋ &X⢏Ꮚࡢ㌿ୖᯒฟ㸸)LJ ࡣ&XEFF⢏Ꮚࡢ㌿ୖᯒฟ㐣⛬ࡢ3KDVHILHOGࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞ ࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝ࡛ࠊ㯮࠸㒊ศࡀ&X┦࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㌿ࡢ᮲௳ࡋ࡚ࠊᅗࡢ୰ኸཎᏊ㠃ࡀ㸯ᯛ వศࡣࡉࡳࡇࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ล≧㌿ࡀ⣬㠃ᆶ┤ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែࢆᐃ ࡋࡓࠋ┦ศゎࡢึᮇࠊล≧㌿ࡢእഃ&Xࡣ⃰⦰ࡋጞࡵࠊ㏫ล≧㌿ഃH[WUDKDOI SODQHഃࡢ&XࡀᯤῬࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊຠࡢ㐍⾜క࠸&X┦ࡀᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ&XࡢཎᏊࢧ ࢬࡀẕ┦ࡢ)HࡢཎᏊࢧࢬࡼࡾࡶࡁ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ௨ୖࡢᣲືࡣࠊล≧㌿ࡢᛂຊሙࢆ⦆ ࡍࡿࡼ࠺&Xࡀ㌿ࡢෆഃࡽእഃᣑᩓࡋࡓࡓࡵ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㌿ࡢᛂຊ ሙࡀ&Xᯒฟࡢ㥑ືຊࢆࡼࡾࡁࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ&Xࡢẕ┦࠾ࡅࡿᆒ୍ᯒฟ ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠊ㌿ୖࡢᯒฟࡣࡼࡾึᮇࡽጞࡲࡿࠋ )LJ ࡣࠊ)LJ ࡢィ⟬ࢆ⡆␎ࡋࡓሙྜ࡛ࠊ)LJ ࡛ࡣ⣬㠃ෆ㌿⥺ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ ≧ែࢆᐃࡋࠊᅗD୰ኸ㸰ᮏࡢ㌿⥺ࢆᘼ≧㓄⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㌿⥺ࡣ㛢࣮ࣝࣉ ࡞ࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏィ⟬ࡣ㸰ḟඖィ⟬࡛ࠊ㏵ษࢀࡓඛࡣィ⟬㠃ࡽእࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⌮ゎ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸㸧 ࠋ㯮࠸⢏Ꮚࡣ &XEFF࡛ࠊ㉥࠸⢏Ꮚࡀ &XIFF࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊ ຠึᮇ㌿ୖ EFF ᵓ㐀࡛ &X ࡣᯒฟࡋጞࡵࠊຠࡢ㐍⾜క࠸ࠊ&XEFFࡣ &XIFF ኚࡍࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡉࡽᅗHࡢୗ㒊ぢࡽࢀࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡣࠊ㌿ୖ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ ⢏ෆ࠾ࡅࡿᆒ୍ᯒฟࡼࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡋࡓ &X ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㌿ୖࡢᆒ୍ᯒฟẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ᆒ ୍ᯒฟࡀ㛫ⓗ㐜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡶࢃࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡀࠊ3KDVHILHOG ἲࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ)H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠ࡢ⤌⧊ᙧᡂ㐣⛬ࡢᐃ㔞ⓗ ࣔࢹࣝࢆヨࡳࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ )H&X1L)H&X0Q࠾ࡼࡧ )H&X0Q1L0Q ྜ㔠ࡢ➼ ຠ࠾ࡅࡿ⤌⧊ᙧᡂ EFF┦࠾ࡅࡿ┦ศゎ㐣⛬㸸)LJࡣ)HDW&XDW1Lྜ㔠ࡢ.➼ ຠ࠾ࡅࡿ 㸰ḟඖ┦ศゎィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡛ࠊୖẁࡀ&X⃰ᗘ㯮&Xⓑ&Xࠊୗẁࡀ1L⃰ᗘ㯮1L ⓑ1Lࢆ᫂ᬯ࡚⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ୰ࡢD㹼Gࡢᩘ್ࡣ↓ḟඖࡋࡓຠ㛫࡛ ϩ$ ࠶ࡿࠋึᮇᚤ⣽࡞&XULFK┦ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࠊ1Lࡣጞࡵ&XULFK┦ศ㓄ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊຠࡢ 㐍⾜క࠸1Lࡣ&Xᯒฟ┦ẕ┦㛫ࡢ⏺㠃⃰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ )LJࡣ)HDW&XDW0Qྜ㔠ࡢ.➼ ຠ࠾ࡅࡿィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡛ࠊᅗࡢぢ᪉ࡣ )LJࡢሙྜྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊୗẁࡢ0Q⃰ᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㯮ࡀ0Q࠾ࡼࡧⓑࡀ0Qᑐᛂ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋయⓗ࡞┦ศゎࡢ➽㐨ࡣ)H&X1Lࡢሙྜ➼ࡋ࠸ࡀࠊ0Qࡢ⏺㠃ࡢ೫ᯒഴྥ ࡣ1Lࡢሙྜࡁࡃࡣ↓࠸ࠋ )LJࡣ.ຠ࠾ࡅࡿ)HDW&XDW0QDW1L㸲ඖྜ㔠ࡢ⤌⧊ᙧᡂ࡛ࠊୖẁࡀ &X⃰ᗘ㯮&Xⓑ&Xࠊ୰ẁࡀ1L⃰ᗘ㯮1Lⓑ1Lࠊ࠾ࡼࡧୗẁࡀ0Q⃰ ᗘ㯮0Qⓑ0Qࢆ᫂ᬯ࡚⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡕࡻ࠺)LJ)LJࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ ࡓࡼ࠺࡞⤌⧊ᙧᡂ㐣⛬࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊึᮇ&XULFK┦ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࠊ0Q1Lࡣ&XULFK ┦ศ㓄ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊຠࡢ㐍⾜క࠸0Q1Lࡣ&Xᯒฟ┦ࡢ⏺㠃⃰ࡍࡿࠋ⃰ഴྥࡣ 0Qࡼࡾࡶ1Lࡢ᪉ࡀࡁࡃࠊࡲࡓ⏺㠃࠾࠸࡚ࠊ┦ᑐⓗ1Lࡢෆഃ0Qࡀ⨨ࡍࡿᙧែ ࡞ࡿࠋ 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ࡢຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࠊணഛⓗ࡞᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ճ&DKQ+LOOLDUG ࡢ㠀⥺ᆺᣑᩓ ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ &X ⃰ᗘࡀ⣧ &X ࡼࡾప࠸ሙྜࠊࡲ ᪉⛬ᘧ ࡎࠊࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ୰ᚰ⃰ᗘࡀ⣧ &X ㏆ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ ࡑࢀ⥆࠸࡚ᡂ㛗㸦༙ᚄࡢቑຍ㸧ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࠋ մ3KDVH)LHOGࣔࢹࣝ 0Q1L ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚẕ┦⏺㠃೫ᯒࡍࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ ࡿࠋ յ/DQJHU6FKZDUW]/6ࣔࢹࣝ &X ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࠊᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ ᯝࡀࠊ7(0 ࡸ $3),0 ࡢほᐹ⤖ᯝྜ⮴ࡋࡓࠋ ն1XPHULFDO1ࣔࢹࣝ ⢏⏺ࠊ㌿ࠊ࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ࠾ࡅࡿ &X ࡢ➇ྜᯒฟ ࣔࢹࣝࢆ㛤Ⓨࠋ↝ࡁᡠࡋ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧࢺ㗰࠾ ࡅࡿ &X ᯒฟࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡋࠊ7(0 ほᐹⰋዲ ࡞୍⮴ࢆᚓࡓࠋ ᯒฟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆᐇᕤ⛬ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ @᰾⏕ᡂࠊᡂ㛗ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ⢒࠸ࡗࡓᯒฟࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ୍㈏ࡋ࡚ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡇ @ྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢຠᯝࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊከᡂศ⣔࡛ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ @⢏⏺ࠊ㌿ࠊ࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ࠾ࡅࡿ➇ྜᯒฟࡀࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ @➼ ຠࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㐃⥆෭༷࡞ࡢ㠀➼ 㐣⛬ࡶࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ @⢏Ꮚᚄศᕸࡀࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ ࡞ࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ@࡛ࡣࠊᐇ㦂ࡢẚ㍑᳨ウࡀ༑ศ࡞Ⅼࡶ࠶ ϩ$ ࡿࡀࠊᅇࡢᡂᯝࡼࡾࠊୖグࡢ᮲௳ࡣࡰ㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡓぢࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢィ⟬⛉Ꮫ࡛ࡣࠊᯒฟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚ㌿ࡢ┦ స⏝ࡢᇶᮏⓗ≉ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࡶ┠ⓗࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ &DKQ+LOOLDUG ࡢ㠀⥺ᆺᣑᩓ᪉⛬ᘧࡼࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ⤌ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࠊ 1ࣔࢹࣝࡼࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢᩘᐦᗘࡸࢧࢬศᕸࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝࢆᇶࡋ࡚ࠊ ಶࠎࡢ⢏Ꮚࡢ┦స⏝ࡸࢧࢬศᕸࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓኚᙧ≉ᛶࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀྍ⬟ ࡞ࡿᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ ϩ$ 㸴㸬ᐇ⏝ࠊᴗࡢぢ㏻ࡋ 㸴㸬㸯 ࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ๓㌟࡛࠶ࡿࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮࣓ࢱࣝࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㸦㹆㸷㹼㹆㸯㸱㸧 ࡛ࡣࠊ㉸ᚤ⣽⤖ᬗ⢏ࡼࡿᙉᗘࠊ㠌ᛶඃࢀࡓ㗰ᮦࢆ㏣ồࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᡂᯝࢆඖࠊࡦ ࡘࡣࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮࣓ࢱࣝࡢᇶ┙◊✲ᡂᯝࢆᐇ⏝㏆࡙ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ〇㐀ᇶ┙せ⣲ᢏ⾡ࡢ☜❧ ࡋ࡚ࠊ⎔ቃㄪᆺᚤ⣽⢏㗰〇ᇶ┙ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ㸦㹆㸯㸲㹼㹆㸯㸶㸧࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫ㛤Ⓨ ࡢ᪉ྥࢆࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᮦᩱᇶ♏◊✲ࡋ࡚㧗ᙉᗘຍ࠼ࠊᘏᛶࡶඃࢀࡓ㗰ᯈࡢᇶ┙ 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