その2 カイぜル学長 Paper for discussion

ドイツにおける森林技術者教育システム
The Forest Education System
in Germany
Lectures in Japan, March 3 rd – 10 th, 2012
Kagoshima, Tokyo, Hokkaido, Totsukawa
ロッテンブルグ大学教授 バスティアン・カイザー
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser
Rector of the Rottenburg University of Applied Sciences
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
1
1. The Forestry-Sector in Germany
ドイツの森林･林業
Total Surface of Germany(国土面積): 357.000 km2
Forests(森林): 11.076 km2
31%
Agriculture(農地):
54%
Infrastructure (buildings,roads, etc)
(社会資本(建物、道路等)) :
15%
85% of Germanys´ total surface are used as agriculture
or forest production areas!
ドイツ国土の85％が、森林･農地として利用
Source: Statistisches BA
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
2
The Forest-Owners in Germany (in % of the forest areas)
ドイツの森林所有構造 (全森林面積に対する割合)
4%
30%
46%
20%
連邦有林 州有林
Federal Republic
States
Communities/Churches
Privat Property
市町村有林、教会林 私有林
Source: BWI
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
The 16 States in Germany
are responsable for (ex.)
• public security
• education and science
politics (Universities)
• forest politics etc.
(ドイツ16州は、治安、教育・科学政策、
森林政策等に責任を有している)
16 different solutions!
(１６の異なる解決方法がある！)
Baden-Württemberg
(バーデン＝ヴュルテンベルク州)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mercedes-Benz
Porsche
• Schiller
Audi
• Hegel
Bosch
• Hölderlin
IBM
• Härtling
Liebherr
• Fröbel
3
The wood-stock (森林蓄積)
Total stock in Germany:
3,38bn m3 (�320m3/ha)
イ全　ツ体
： 33.8億m
3　(320m3/ha) )
(ド Deciduous Trees(広 葉): 樹 1,22bn m 3 (12.2億m3)
growth rate(成
 Beech (ブ ナ
)
 Oak (ナ ラ
)
Conifers(針 葉): 樹
9,7 m 3/ha/y (9.7m3/年･ha)
長 ): 量
0,58bn m 3 (5.8億m3)
0,30bn m 3 (3.0億m 3)
2,16bn m 3 (21.6億m 3)
growth rate(成
長 ): 量
14,2 m 3/ha/y (14.2m3/年･
ha)
 Spruce (ト ウ ) ヒ
 Pine (マ ツ
)
 Fir (モ ミ
)
1,23bn m 3 (12.3億m3)
0,71bn m 3 ( 7.1億m3)
0,08bn m 3 ( 0.8億m3)
Total growth rate (成 長 ) �
量
: 12,1m 3/ha/y
(12.1m 3/年･ha)
Source: BWI
States with a low forest-density
(森林の少ない州)
Berlin (ベルリン)
Schleswig-Holstein
18%
(シュレースヴィヒ＝ホルシュタイン)
Hamburg (ハンブルク)
Bremen (ブレーメン)
10%
5%
0%
Average: 31% of the surface
(平
均
：国
土
面
の31％)
積
States with plenty of forest areas
林
の 多い州)
Hesse (ヘッセ)
Rhineland-Palatinate
41%
(ラインラント＝プファルツ)
41%
(森
Baden-Württemberg
(バーデン＝ヴュルテンベルク)
Bavaria
(バイエルン)
38%
36%
Source: BWI
The wood-stock in different forests (in mdr. m 3)
所有形態別森林蓄積 (10億m3)
0,6
0,08
0,96
1,08
0,66
Fed. State (連邦有林)
States (州有林)
Communities/Churches (市町村有林、教会林) Privat < 50ha (50ha以下の私有林)
Privat > 50ha (50ha超の私有林)
Source: BWI
7
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
2. The Stateforest Administration System
州の森林行政制度組織 (例)
for example…
Ministry (省)
Agriculture, Environment
Economic affairs, Finance
(農業、環境、経済、財政)
-
Sovereignty duties(統治 )
Stateforest-Entreprise
- Administration(管理 )
Forest Office
- Forest services
Forest Office
20.000ha
(森林 サービス)
Forest Office
- Wood production
20.000ha
Forest Office
(木材生産)
20.000ha
Forest Office
2- 420.000ha
Regional
Administration
Districts
Forest Office
20.000ha
Forest Office
森林局
20.000ha
Forest Office 森林署
20.000ha
20.000ha
Forestdistrict Forestdistrict Forestdistrict Forestdistrict Forestdistrict Forestdistrict
1.500ha
1.500ha
1.500ha
1.500ha
1.500ha
1.500ha
Forestdistrict Forestdistrict Forestdistrict Forestdistrict Forestdistrict
1.500ha
1.500ha
1.500ha
1.500ha
1.500ha
区画
9
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
3. The University System in Baden-W ürttemberg State
バーデン＝ヴュルテンベルク州の大学制度
Universities (大学)
(about 50, most of them are public)
(約50大学、ほとんどが公立大学)
Univ. for Music
and Arts
(芸術大学)
(classical/complete)
Universities (総合大学)
9
Univ. for
Pedagogics
(教育大学)
4
(10.000-30.000 students)
Universities of Applied
Sciences (専門大学)
25
(1.000 – 6.000 students)
StateProfessional-
University
1
(20.000 stud.)
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
10
The University-System in Baden-Württemberg State
バーデン＝ヴュルテンベルク州の大学制度
Universities
(総合大学)
ca. 170.000 students
36.000 graduates/y
Universities of
Applied
Sciences
(専門大学)
ca. 95.000 students
25.000 graduates/y
ca. 20.000 students
6.500 graduates/y
ca. 15.000 students
3.000 graduates/y
StateProfessional-
University
Music
and
Arts
(芸術)
Pedagogics
(教育)
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
11
The special mission of the Universities of Applied Sciences
専門大学の特別の役割
+
development and inovation
開発とイノベーション
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
12
How can we conduct the transfer from sciences into
innovations and practical solutions?
イノベーションや実践的な課題解決法を
科学的に見いだす能力をどのように引き出していくのか？
13
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
4. The Forest Education System
森林･林業教育の仕 組み
The levels of „Forest Professions“ in Germany:
 3 years vocational training („Dual Training System“)
３年間の職業教育(複線型の訓練制度)　„instructor
(教官)
□high prepared forest-workers (高度な林業労働者)
□+ optional 2 years Craftsman-Degree (２年間の追加専門コース
 3 or 3,5 years Bachelor-Study-Programs
３～３年半の学部課程
□s.c. Forest-Engineer (Forestdistrict-Manager)
Bc.
森林技術者 (区画森林官)
(学士)
+
 1,5 or 2 years Master-Study-Programs (１年半～２年の修士課程)
□Head of a State-Forest-Office or researcher
森林署長又は研究者
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
Ms.
(修士)
phD/Dr.
(博士)
14
There are 5 + 4 = 9
„Forest-Universities“
９つの”林業大学”
5 Universities of Applied Sciences:
専門大学 Rottenburg (ロッテンブルグ)
Weihenstephan (ヴァイエンシュテファン)
Erfurth (エアフルト)
Göttingen (ゲッチンゲン)
Eberswalde (エーベルスヴァルデ)
4 University-faculties with forestprograms:
森林コースのある総合大学
Freiburg (フライブルグ)
München (ミュンヘン)
Göttingen (ゲッチンゲン)
Dresden (ドレスデン)
5. The Development of the Forestry (education) Sector
林業(教育)分野の経緯
 In former days, it was really easy:
以前は、とても簡単。
Clear job
description
• Most of our ex-students became
明確な職務内容
Forestdistrict-Managers
卒業生のほとんどが区画森林官として就職
• We knew quiet good, how to prepare them.
何を準備すべきか極めて明確
Nowadays, things are changing….
最近は変化しつつある。
Different and
flexibel job
Describtions
多様で変化のあ
る職務内容
• The challenges inside the jobs are increasing very fast.
職に求められる課題が急速に増加
• There are a lot of external influences and demands.
外部からの影響･要望が多数
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
16
It was as the „Principle of Lock and Key“…
以前は、”鍵と鍵穴の原則”が存在
Forestdistrict-Manager
区画森林官
Well prepared for a clearly
defined job
明確に定義された仕事への準備
(State)Forestdistrict
(州の) 森林の区画
with well defined tasks
明確に定義された職務
17
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
The classical wood-clients are becoming less but stronger …
木材の需要者の数は減ったものの、その要求は高度化…
Source: B. Fauser
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
18
Source: EWD
Source: EWD
The growth-conditions and the wood-demand are changing
成長条件と木材需要が変化しつつある。
Source: B. Fauser
…and the posibilities of
wood-technology and in
construction are increasing.
木材技術の可能性、建設分野の
可能性が増大しつつある。
Fax
c,90
Fax

c,90
New markets are coming up…
新たな市場も作られつつある..
Source: B. Fauser
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
30
Most of them are not
really new…
いずれも、本当に新しい
ものではない..
… but maybe nowadays even
more important than before!?
しかし、昔より今、もっと重要に
なってきていませんか？
Source: Der SPIEGEL 14/06
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
33
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
34
New technology is in demand to be applied …
(現場に対応した)新しい技術への要望が非常に高まっている
There is still a lot to learn and to optimize…
学ぶべきこと、最適化すべきことはまだ多数..
Source: UPM
H
H
40
There is a new kind of public perception of the Forestry Value...
森林の価値に対する市民の新たな認識も芽生えつつある…
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
42
The Co2-Certificate-Trading-Market
CO2認証の取引市場
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
The „new value-balance of forestry activities
林業生産活動の新たな価値のバランス
Climate-service-value/CO 2-Certificate-Trading
気候サービスの価値/CO2認証取引
Optional value in the future
将来の追加的な価値
Current vaule of the forest/wood
森林の現在の価値/木材
Value of the area
土地としての価値
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
43
Back to the „Lock-Key-Principle“…
”鍵と鍵穴の原則”に戻れば..
We had to move because things
and the forestry-sector are changing fast !
物事と林業分野が急速に変化するのにあわせて、我々は動く必要
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
45
How can we make the transfer from sciences into
innovations and practical solutions?
イノベーションや実践的な課題解決法を
科学的に見いだす能力をどのように引き出せるのか？
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
46
According to the multiple questions,
we try to train different forestry experts for the future !
多様な課題に応じた林業の専門家を将来に向けて育成してかなけ
ればならない。
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
47
Thank you very much!
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser
www.hs-rottenburg.de
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
48
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser


Rector of the Rottenburg at University of Applied Sciences (since 2001)
Holder of the Professorship of Applied Economy in Rottenburg University (since 1998)




Vicepresident of the Applied-Universities-Rectors-Conference in Baden-W ürttemberg (since
2007)
Member of the state-forestry-council of Baden-W ürttemberg
Vicepresident of the Forestry-Association of Baden-W ürttemberg (since 2007)
Member of the state-forestry-council of the Federal Republic of Germany

Consultant for international development-projects (since 1994, mostly in Latinamerica)

Most important publication:
Schmithüsen, F., Kaiser, B. et.al. (2003/2007): Entrepreneurship in Forest- and
Woodindustry-Enterprises. dbv-Verlag, Gernsbach, Germany. Language: German. 610
pages.
□ Translated in: Serbian, Romanian, Czech, English in preparation.
Prof. Dr. Bastian Kaiser - [email protected]
49