二葉松類の種間交雑に関する研究（英文）（PDF：1414KB）

林育研報 Bul1
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This species hybridization work i
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. Eventually，2
8
Thato
f P
combinationc
r
o
s
s
e
s weremadeduring thet
h
r
e
eyearsfrom 1
9
7
2
. Othercombinationshave
n
o
tbeenachieved t
od
a
t
e
.
3
. Methods and Procedures
Foreignp
o
l
l
e
nl
o
t
swereo
b
t
a
i
n
e
d from t
h
eUSAi
n1
9
7
2and from l
t
a
l
yandFrancei
n
1
9
7
2and1
9
7
3
. Domesticp
o
l
l
e
nwasc
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d fromn
e
a
r
l
y
r
i
p
ec
a
t
k
i
n
si
nt
h
espringo
feach
. Allpollenl
o
t
swerekepti
nc
o
t
t
o
n
s
t
o
p
p
e
r
e
dv
i
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l
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tar
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l
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t
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v
ehumidityo
f25%orl
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s
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year
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f3 t
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lp
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i
n
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i
m
e
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1i
n
a
t
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n
sweremadei
n1
9
7
2
，
0
0
1
9
7
3，and 1
9
7
4a
sshowni
nTable1
. Eachyear，branchesb
earingfemales
t
r
o
b
i
l
iwerebagged
a
f
t
e
r emasculationandb
e
f
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r
ef
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o
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r
b
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h
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r
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h
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f
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e
n
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ai
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yMay. Asageneralr
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e，t
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o
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l
e
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p
p
l
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dtwicea
tan
i
n
t
e
r
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a
lo
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e
et
of
o
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a
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s
. Thep
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l
l
i
n
a
t
i
o
nbagswereremovedwhenf
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e
rdevelopment
S
y
l
v
e
s
t
r
e
slJi節内の種間交雑 1
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:
:関する研究(英文) (古越・佐々木〉
- 2
3ー
Table 1
. D巴velopmento
fh
y
b
r
i
d
i
z
a
t
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o
nandestablishmento
f
t
e
s
tplant
at
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n
s
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ノ
1
9
7
8
勺
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1
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1
1
9
7
3
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1
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9
7
9
1
s
t
Seed
Seed
Seed
Sowingi
t
o
r巴ge， storage，
1e
c
t
i
o
n， s
OutplantingOutplanting
p
o
l
l
i
n
a
t
i
o
n，col
Transl
n
2nd
S巴ed
Se巴d
Sowing
planting
l
n
Ibarakiand
p
o
l
l
i
n
a
t
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o
n，col
1e
c
t
i
o
n
， storage，
o
r
Chiba
S
h
i
z
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o
k
a
o
t
t
i
n
g Prefectures Prefecture
3rd
Se巴d
SowingJ p
c
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1
巴c
t
i
o
n，
p
o
l
l
i
n
a
t
i
o
n，
Table2
. Summaryo
fpol
1i
n
a
t
i
o
nyears
Femaleparent
Maleparent
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
Pinusd
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n
s
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f
l
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r
a
Pinusr
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s
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a
P
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a
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P
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P
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h
u
n
b
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g
i
i
1
9
7
4
1
9
7
4
Notyet
1
9
7
4
Notyet
1
9
7
4
Notyet
1
9
7
3，1
9
7
4
1
9
7
4
1
9
7
4
1
9
7
2，1
9
7
4
1
9
7
2，1
9
7
4
1
9
7
2，1
9
7
3，1
9
7
4
1
9
7
2，1
9
7
4
1
9
7
2，1
9
7
3
，1974
1
9
7
4
1
9
7
3，1
9
7
4
Notyet
9
7
4
1
9
7
3，1
1
9
7
2，1
9
7
3，1
9
7
4
1
9
7
4
Notyet
1
9
7
2，1
9
7
3，1
9
7
4
1
9
7
2
，1974
Noty
e
t
1
9
7
2，1
9
7
3，1
9
7
4
9
7
3，1
9
7
4
1
9
7
2，1
Notyet
Noty
e
t
Noty
e
t
Noty
e
t
1
9
7
3，1
9
7
4
9
7
4
1
9
7
3，1
9
7
3，1
9
7
4
1
9
7
2，1
1
9
7
2，1
9
7
3，1
9
7
4
9
7
3，1
9
7
4
1
9
7
2，1
1
9
7
4
1
9
7
3
reachedthestagewheres
c
a
l
e
shadgrowntogetherandb
r
a
c
t
snolongerwerev
i
s
i
b
l
e
. Inthe
o
l
l
i
n
a
t
i
o
n year，coneswerec
o
l
l巴c
t
e
d，and thes
e
e
d
swereextracteda
ta
i
r
nextf
a
l
lo
f巴achp
t
巴m
peratur巴s
. Seedswerecleanedwithemptyandful
1s
eedsseparated bysurfacec
o
l
o
r，t
h
a
t
i
s，p
a
l
ebrownseedswered巴 medemptyanddarkonesweredeemeds
o
u
n
d
. Thesoundseeds
r
.
W 巴r
es
t
o
r
e
d dryi
na r
e
f
r
i
g
e
r
a
t
o
r bysowingyea
InApril1
9
7
6，a
l
lseedl
o
t
sweresownd
i
r
e
c
t
l
yi
n
t
otwor
e
p
l
i
c
a
t
e
dnursery seedbedsa
ta
er
. Thegermination percentage wasestimated
d
e
n
s
i
t
yo
f1
0
0
0o
rl
e
s
sseedspersquarem巴t
twomonthsa
f
t
e
rsowing. P
r
i
o
rt
otransplanting，needlec
o
l
o
rwasi
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
di
nthef
al
1and
2
0
J山
reportedbytheauthors
.
A
l
l1
0s
e
e
d
l
i
g
sweretransplantedi
n
t
ou
n
r
e
p
l
i
c
a
t巴dt
r
a
n
s
p
l
a
n
t
bedsi
nthespringo
f1
9
7
7
. Atthesametime，somewerep
o
t
t
e
di
nagreenhous巴 f
o
rconveni
e
n
ttransportt
od
i
s
t
a
n
tp
l
a
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
. Permanenthybrid t
e
s
tp
l
a
n
t
a
t
i
o
nwer巴 e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h巴d i
n
巴1. Theyare
1
9
7
8and 1
9
7
9on theP
a
c
i
f
i
cCoasts
i
d
eo
fc
e
n
t
r
a
l Honshua
sshown i
n Figur
describedasf
o
l
l
o
w
s:
- 24-
林木育種場研究報告第 3号
N
o
.
1
N
o
.
3
F
i
g
.1
. Locationo
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h
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， K
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i
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4
.
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.
No.2
. HamamatsuF
o
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s
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t
r
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c
t0伍 c
e，ShinozukayamaN
a
t
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e
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t
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.
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l
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1
3
2mm;
E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
di
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9
7
8
; area1
巴m
peratureabout14.0oC.
annualmeant
N
o
.3
. ChibaF
o
r
e
s
tD
is
t
r
i
c
t0伍 c
e，KotagayaN
a
t
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o
n
a
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o
r
e
s
t，ChibaP
r
e
f
e
c
t
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e
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s
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9
;area 1
.
0
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l
t
i
t
u
t
e 110~210 m; annual p
mm; annualm巴antemperatureabout 13~140C.
Theexperim巴n
t
a
ll
a
y
o
u
twas o
f incompleterandomizedb
l
o
c
k
s with u
n
e
q
u
a
l
s
i
z
e
dp
l
o
t
s，
and1
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t
o
c
kwasplanteda
ta1
.8m x1
.8m s
p
a
c
i
n
g
. l
twasp
o
s
s
i
b
l
et
oreachv
a
l
i
dc
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
regarding thes
i
g
n
i
五c
anceo
fd
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
so
fc
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s because most c
r
o
s
s
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
s
wereplantedi
nt
h
r巴巴 o
rf
o
u
rr
巴p
l
i
c
a
t
e
dp
l
o
t
s
. Afterp
l
a
n
t
i
n
g， t
h
es
u
r
v
i
v
a
lr
a
t
e
sandt
h
et
r
e
e
h
e
i
g
h
t
sw巴r
eestimatedeachf
a
l
lfrom 1
9
7
8t
o1
9
8
3
.
Ther
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
estudyd
e
a
l
i
n
g withth
巴 p
ine-woodnematode wascompleted i
nJ
u
l
y，1
9
7
8
.
Hybridf
a
m
i
l
i
e
swhose1
1t
r
a
n
s
p
l
a
n
t
swereproducedi
nsu
伍c
i
e
n
tnumbers，weres
巴l
e
c
t巴dand
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
l
yi
n
o
c
u
l
a
t
e
dwithcu1
turednematodesi
nt
h
eg
r
e
e
n
h
o
u
s
e
. P
.r
i
g
i
d
a
t
a
e
d
ar巴cognized
a
sahybridh
i
g
h
e
r
r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
tt
ot
h
enematod
e
I6l wasusedasa check
. Att
h
esametime，t
h
e
1
1t
r
a
n
s
p
l
a
n
t
so
fhybridsandt
h
e
i
rp
a
r
e
n
t
a
lw
i
n
d
p
o
l
l
i
n
a
t
e
doffsprin~s were p
l
a
n
t
e
di
nan
insectariumc
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
e
do
f metal s
c
r巴巴n
i
n
g
. Japanes
巴 p
i
n巴 sawyers (Monochamusa
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
u
s
H
O
P
E
)， t
h
enematodev
e
c
t
o
r， werep
l
a
c
e
di
ntheinsectariumi
nMay. Twomonthsl
a
t
e
r， t
h
e
s
u
r
v
i
v
a
lr
a
t
eo
ft
h
ei
n
o
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
nt
巴s
tandthenumb巴ro
fb
i
t
t
e
nt
r
a
c
e
sperp
l
a
n
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巴c
o
r
d
巴d
.
Hybridr
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
et
ot
h
enematod巴sandp
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
eo
ft
h
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e
c
t
o
r
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o
rth
巴 h
ybridswerecom-
- 2
5ー
S
y
l
v
e
s
t
r
e
s亜節内の種間交雑ζ
i関する研究(英文) (古越・佐々木〉
par
巴di
nthef
a
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epublishedp
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g
r
e
s
sr
e
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t
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t
s10)20)•
4
. Results
Theprocedured
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
di
n Tables 1and2producedhybrids
e
e
d
s from2
8combinations
(
3
0，whenindudingt
h
r巴巴 v
a
r
i
巴t
i
e
so
fP
.n
i
g
r
a
)
. Tab!e3describesdataf
o
rthes
e
e
d
so
feach
hybridusedt
oe
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
hac
r
o
s
s
a
b
i
l
i
t
yindexf
o
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y
b
r
i
d
. P
l
a
n
t
a
b
l
ehybrids
e
e
d
l
i
n
g
swere
producedby2
6o
ft
h巳 2
8c
r
o
s
s
e
s
. Exceptionswer巴 P
.d
e
n
s
i
f
l
o
r
a
X
P
.ρi
n
a
s
t
e
rA
I
T
.andP
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a
l
e
I
L
L
. The0妊s
p
r
i
n
g
sfromt
h
e
s
ec
r
o
s
s
e
shavebeengrowingi
neachl
o
c
a
l
i
t
ya
sshown
t
e
n
s
i
sM
i
nFigure2
. Survivalr
a
t
e
sandheight-growthi
n
d
i
c
e
sa
t五vey巴a
r
so
fagearesummarized
f
o
ra
l
lt
h
r
e
eexperimentalp
l
a
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
sasshowni
nTable4
. Ther
e
s
u
l
t
so
ft
h
ei
n
o
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
nand
巴 3
.
feedingt
e
s
t
sareshowni
nFigur
1
) Crossabi
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it
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o
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e
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nt
h
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e
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r
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e
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n
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i
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o
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h
u
n
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e
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i
iproducing10
.
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smeanv
a
l
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e
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l
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o
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e
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o
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e
e
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than0
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1
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a
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h
e
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e
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o
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e
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t
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e
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n
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e
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i
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o
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e
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o
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r
o
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e
s
，betw巴巴n P
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e
n
s
i
f
l
o
r
a and P
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i
g
r
a，P
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h
u
n
b
e
r
g
i
i，P
.
b
. I
n
t
e
r
s
p巴c
massoniana，P
.l
u
c
h
u
e
n
s
i
s，
andP
.t
a
b
u
l
a
e
f
o
r
m
i
s
;andbetweenP
.t
h
u
n
b
e
r
g
i
iandP
.n
i
g
r
a，
Table3
. Dataf
o
rc
r
o
s
s
a
b
i
l
i
t
ycomputationandt
h
e
i
ri
n
d
i
c
e
s
①Sounds
e
e
d
s ② Sounds
巴e
ds ③ Germination
p
(
e
n
r
u
m
C
O
b
I
l
巴
E
r
)
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o
l
l
e
nparents
p
e
c
i
e
s
p
[
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
(number)
5
6
)
s
c
e
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e
p
d
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e
t
d
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i
n
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u P
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e
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P
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i
s
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a
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r
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P
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l
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7
一一一マ ι 守 J …，一川一日一一…<~予"><，...一一一一一一円
林 水 育 種 場 研 究 報 告 第 3弓
- 26 ー
P
.d
e
n
s
i
f
l
o
r
a，P
.massoniana，P
.l
u
c
h
u
e
n
s
i
s，P
.t
a
b
u
l
a
e
f
o
r
m
i
s，and P
.yunnanensisF
R
A
N
C
H
.
o3soundseedsp巴rcon
巴.
produc巴d 1t
c
. Fewerthan0
.
2 sounds
eedspercone wereproduc巴d by theother combinations，and
o
n
e
s
.
nineo
fthemproducedl
e
s
sthanoneper 100 c
fsounds
e
巴d
sfroma
l
lt
h
ei
n
t
e
r
s
p巴c
i
f
i
cc
r
o
s
s
i
n
g
srangedfrom2t
o2308
Thet
o
t
a
lnumb巴ro
Germinationpercentageswer巴 above70%i
na
l
lcombinationsexceptP
.d
e
n
s
i
f
l
o
r
a
>
くP
.J
うi
n
a
s
t
e
r
andP
.h
a
l
e
ρe
n
s
i
s
. Th
巴r
ewerenos
i
g
n
i五cantd
i
旺e
rencesamongthem.
h
ef
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
gc
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
nf
o
r each
To expressani
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r(
I
)o
fc
r
o
s
s
a
b
i
l
i
t
y，we usedt
i
n
t
e
r
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
ccombinationo
feachp
o
l
l
i
n
a
t
o
nyear:
1=
C
C
5
hxGh)jC5fxGf)Jx100
where:5h=Numbero
fsounds
e巴dsperconeo
fh
y
b
r
i
d
.
Gh=Germinationr
a
t
巴 o
fth巴 aboves
e
e
d
s
.
5f=Number o
f sound seeds per cone o
ft
h
巴 i
n
t
r
a
s
p
e
c
i五c c
r
o
s
so
f th
巴
females
p
e
c
i
e
si
nthesamep
o
l
l
i
n
a
t
i
o
nyear
.
Gf=G巴rminationr
a
t
eo
ftheaboves
e
e
d
s
.
nTable3a
sthemeanvalueo
fa
l
lr
e
s
u
l
t
s
. There
Ther
e
s
u
l
to
fthec
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
ni
sd巴notedi
fs
p
e
c
i
e
s
. A
l
li
n
t
e
r
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
cc
r
o
s
s
e
shavei
n
d
i
c
e
s
wasa greatd
i紅巳renc巴 乱 mongcombinationso
o
fl
e
s
sthan23，correspondingt
ot
h
e
i
rfemal巴 p
a
r
e
n
t
s
'i
n
t
r
a
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
ci
n
d
i
c
e
so
f1
0
0
. Among
r
o
s
s
e
s，c
r
o
s
s
a
b
i
l
i
t
yi
n
d
i
c
e
so
fP
.d
e
n
s
i
f
l
o
r
a
x
p
.n
i
g
r
a，P
.mugo，P
.t
h
u
n
b
e
r
g
i
i，P
.
i
n
t
e
r
s
p
e
c
i五cc
massoniana，P
.l
u
c
h
u
e
n
s
i
s，andP
.t
a
b
u
l
a
e
f
o
r
m
i
s
; andP
.t
h
u
n
b
e
r
g
i
i
xP
.d
e
n
s
i
f
l
o
r
a，P
.massoniana，
P
.l
u
c
h
u
e
n
s
i
s，andP
.yunnanensiswerehigha
tmorethan1
0
.
2
) Growthperformancesi
nf
i
e
l
d
t
e
s
tp
l
a
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
Thesecondo
b
j
e
c
to
ft
h
i
sstudywast
oi
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
et
h
ep
a
t
t
r
n
so
fgrowthi
nthe五e
l
d
. The
nf
i
巴I
d
t
e
s
tp
l
a
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
Table4
. Summaryo
fgrowthperformanc巴 i
Seedlingsobtained
Survivalr
a
t
e
s
f
o
ro
u
t
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g a
f
t
e
ro
u
t
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
Heightgrowth
t 5 years
i
n
d巴x a
P
o
l
l
e
nparents
p
e
c
i
e
s
d
e
n
s
i
f
l
o
r
aI
t
h
u
n
b
e
r
g
i
id
e
n
s
i
f
l
o
r
aI
t
h
u
n
b
e
r
g
iid
e
n
s
if
l
o
r
aI
t
h
u
n
b
e
r
g
i
i
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
6
1
7
P
.r
e
s
i
n
o
s
a
P
.n
i
g
r
a
P
-押1
U
g
O
P.l
りi
n
a
s
t
e
r
P
.h
a
l
e
ρe
n
s
z
s
P
.b
r
u
t
i
a
P
.s
y
l
v
e
s
t
r
i
s
P
.d
e
n
s
i
f
l
o
r
a
P
.t
h
u
n
b
e
r
g
i
i
P
.massoniana
P
.t
a
i
w
a
n
e
n
s
i
s
P
.l
u
c
h
u
e
n
s
i
s
P
.t
a
b
l
a
e
f
o
r
m
i
s
P
.yunnanensis
Number Number
%
9
6
4
100
100
74*
1
，164
390
96
83
75
85
530
126
98
96
9
1
83
O
30
42
O
4
60
85
6
7
1
4
81
100
ヲ3
*
83
77*
96
90*
102*
100
100
776
376
99
100
100
101*
174
709
98
99
99
100
260
4
4
1
98
96
9
1
118
116
26
2
100
90
88*
25
312
100
85
94*
114
1，
683
354
98
89
88
104
1
2
780
100
79
82ネ
9
1
99*
*Valueexcludedfromconsiderationbecauseoflacko
fe
n
o
u
g
hs
a
m
p
l
e
s
.
料
I
n
d
i
c
e
sw
e
r
ec
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
db
yf
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
gf
o
r
m
u
l
a;
Index=meanv
a
l
u
eo
f(
h
e
i
g
h
to
fh
y
b
r
i
d
/
h
e
i
g
h
to
fi
n
t
r
a
c
r
o
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e
m
a
l
es
p
e
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i
e
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fe
a
c
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l
a
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
)x100
S
y
l
v
e
s
t
r
e
s!!E節内の程間交雑に関する研究(英文) (古越・佐々木)
- 27ー
m巴ans
u
r
v
i
v
a
lr
a
t
e
so
fthehybridsi
nthethreep
l
a
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
sshowednos
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
td
i丘erences
.thunbergiiXP.ρi
n
a
s
t
e
randP
.mugo. Atpresentwedonot五nd
exceptf
o
rthetwohybridsP
anyo
funsoundhybridsamongt
h
o
s
eplantedbecausemorta!
it
i
e
sa
t五veyearso
fagearel
e
s
s
than20% j
u
s
ta
si
nJapanese domesticpinep
l
a
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
. Height-growthcurveso
fthethree
h
a
t
t
e
s
tp
l
a
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
sduring the5
y
e
a
rp
e
r
i
o
d are shown i
nFigure2
. The五gurecon五rmst
.t
h
u
n
b
e
r
g
i
ifemalepar巴ntaret
a
l
l
e
rthant
h
o
s
巴 w
itha P
.d
e
n
manyo
fthehybridswithaP
x
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
s
. Therear巴 highlys
i
g
n
i五cantd
i
f
f
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encesa
tt
h
e
s
i
f
l
o
r
afemaleparentwithbutfewe
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e
v
e
lbetweenfemaleparentsi
nmanyc
a
s
e
s，e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
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nc
r
o
s
s
e
swithmal巴 parentso
fP.
d
e
n
s
i
f
l
o
r
a，P
.massoniana，andP
.t
a
b
u
l
a
e
f
o円 n
i
s
. However，i
notherc
a
s
e
si
twas d
i
s
r
u
p
t
i
o
no
c
curredfromd
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
so
fage，mal巴 parent，andp
l
a
n
t
a
t
i
o
nenvironment.
Ontheb
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田
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t
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ountermeasures f
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Thei
d
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n
t
i五回 o
fmanyo
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r
i
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e
v
e
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a
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D
r
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r
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i
ccombinationsweshouldprovidegoodevidenc
weshouldbeconvincedt
h
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t we succeeded i
no
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i
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g hybrid o
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f
s
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o hybridi
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rmethodsf
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巴r
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e
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Acknowledgement
Thea
u
t
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o
r
sacknowledget
h
emajorc
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r
i
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u
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sstudybyDr
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a
t
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n，Department o
f Agricu1
t
ure，F
o
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r
v
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e，USA. Withouth
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sgeneroush
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pandv
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h
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swhichhef
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. Theya
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othankDr
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f FranceandD
r
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s亜節内の種間交雑に関する研究
古越隆信任)・佐々木
研
(2)
摘 要
本報告は，マツの Sylvesfres亜節内でアカマツとクロマツを母親として仙の 1
7程を組合せた程間交維
に関する研究のうち 1
9
7
1年から 1983年までの研究成果をまめたものである O
ζ
うち 28の組合せを実行し，乙れらすべてから健全種子を得ることに成功した
そのうち 26の組合せから
O
の研究では 34組合せの
は1
1
!1
中iし首を得た c この結果から，交雑稔性はアジア庄の椋同土を組介せた場合には，その他の地方のも
のとの組介せよりも高い稔性が得られるという傾向を認めた O しかし，全く健全程ナーの得られない組合せ
はなかった。本州中部の太干一洋岸で茨城，
千葉，
静岡の各県に 1カ所ずっこれらの家系の試植地をつく
り，生存率と樹高生長を測定した。その結果， ~t在率は全供試家系とも 80% 以 i であり，
アカマツ及び
クロ 7 ツと比べても大えはなかったが，樹高生長には著しい Aがあった。この 3試験地を通して，クロマ
ツを母親にした 4 つの交雑家系の I~i とクロ 7 ツより生長の優れた雑種があったが，アカ 7 ツを母親として
用いた交雑種にはアカ 7 ツより優れたものはなかった。この Iドで最も止長の旺盛なのはクロマツ×馬尾怯
(和華松と命名〕であった。
た結果は
ー
方
， 1
1苗の段階でマツノザイセンチュウ抵抗性を人工接種 l
とより検定し
4つの組合せで著しい抵抗性を示す雑種が見出された。また梢室を用いてマツノマダラカミキ
リの食害状況を比較したととろ，家系聞には大差がなかった。これらの成果をもとに，林木の雑種強勢と
マツ類の育穏に対する種間交雑の役割について論議し，種間交雑は他の育種法と併用して特殊形質を導入
するための手段として有効であることをのベた。
1
9
8
4
年1
1月2
2日受理
(
1
) 関東林木育種場
(
2
) 関西林木育種場