Comments
Description
Transcript
祈りと祈りの主体者の精神的健康との関連の検討
ᗈᓥᏛᏛ㝔ᚰ⌮⮫ᗋᩍ⫱◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮⣖せ ➨ 13 ᕳ 2014 ♳ࡾ♳ࡾࡢయ⪅ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗᗣࡢ㛵㐃ࡢ᳨ウ ⇦ᒣṇႹ 1࣭ᒸᮏ♸Ꮚ 1 Relationship between Prayer and Mental Health Masatsugu Yakiyama and Yuko Okamoto Recently, the religious activity of prayer has been the subject of scientific research. However, the results have been poor in terms of reproducibility, which demands that a more limited approach to investigating prayer be adopted. This study examined the Japanese custom of holding up the hands in prayer (sazuke) among 296 devotees of Tenrikyo (a large religion) with respect to the participants’ mental health. We dopted the subjective well-being scale of Ito et al. (2003) and applied the SD method by means of a questionnaire among the devotees. We subjected each extracted factor to multiple regression analysis. Our results showed that sazuke prayer enhanced the factors of “intrinsic sense,” “self-evaluation,” and “confident sense of fulfillment” in the well-being scale of the participants. Thus, the act of prayer appeared to augment the subjects’ positive and spontaneous feelings in addition to promoting their self-confidence. Key words: prayer, well-being, mental helth ၥ㢟 ᐀ᩍ࣓ࣥࢱࣝ࣊ࣝࢫࡢ㛵ಀࡣྂࡃࡽὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋJung.C.G(1964 Ἑྜ㞙㞝ヂ 1975)ࡣ㸪 ͆ேࠎࡣே⏕ࡢពࡢ࠶ࡿ⏕ࡁ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⚄ࡸṚࡘ࠸࡚⤯ᑐⓗ࡞ಙ௮ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡁ࡞㐪࠸࡞ࡿ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࡞ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ͇㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㐣 ཤ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ᐀ᩍ࣓ࣥࢱࣝ࣊ࣝࢫ㛵ࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞◊✲࡛ࡣᴫࡋ࡚㸪᐀ᩍࡢ㛵ࡢ㧗ࡉࡀ㸪 ࠺ࡘࡸ⮬ẅ㸪Ᏻࢆ㍍ῶࡋ㸪⫯ᐃⓗឤࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ ࡽಙ௮♩ࡸಙ௮⒪ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ♳ࡾࡢ◊✲ࡀ㏆ᖺቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Waldfogel(1997)ࡣ♳ࡾࢆཱྀㄒయࡢ♳ࡾ㸪♳㢪ࡍࡿ♳ࡾ㸪௰ࡢ♳ࡾ㸪ᘧࡋ࡚ࡢ♳ࡾ㸪▂ࡢ ♳ࡾࡢ 5 ࡘศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪௰ࡢ♳ࡾࡢຠ⏝ࡀྂࡃࡽ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௰ࡢ♳ ࡾࡣ㸪⪅ࡢࡇࢆ♳ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪♳ࡿ⪅♳ࡽࢀࡿ⪅ࡢ୧㠃ࡽࡑࡢຠ⏝ࡀ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 1 ᗈᓥᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ Byrd(1988)ࡣ㸪⫢ᝈ㞟୰⒪ᐊ(௨ୗ㸪CCU)ࡢᝈ⪅ࣘࢲࣖ̿࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢ⚄ࡢ௰ⓗ࡞♳ࡾ ࡢ⒪ຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢻ࣭ࢥࣥࢭࣥࢺࢆཷࡅࡓ 393 ྡࡢᝈ⪅ࢆ㸪10 ᭶ࢃࡓࡗ࡚㸪↓సⅭ 192 ྡࡢᐇ㦂⩌㸪201 ྡࡢ⤫ไ⩌ศࡅ㸪↓సⅭ࡞ 2 㔜┣᳨ἲࡼࡿᐇ㦂 ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᐇ㦂⩌ࡣ㸪㝔ࡢእࡽ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢேࠎࡀ♳ࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚௰ⓗ࡞♳ࡾࢆཷࡅ㸪⤫ ไ⩌ࡣఱࡶ⾜ࢃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪♳ࡾ᪉ࡣ≉ᐃࡏࡎ㸪ྛࠎ௵ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪♳ࡾࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ ࡿ㛫࡛ࡣ㸪୧⩌࡛ࡣ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢ㏣㊧ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪 ⤫ไ⩌ࡼࡾ྾ຓ㸪ᢠ⏕≀㉁ࡢᢞ㸪ᒀࡢ⏝ࡀࡼࡾᑡ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ㸪Ṛஸ⋡ࡀపࡗࡓࡇ ࡞࠸ࡃࡘࡢⅬ࡛⒪ࡢຠᯝࡀ㧗࠸࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀฟࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪Byrd ࡣࣘࢲࣖ-࢟ ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢ⚄ࡢ௰ⓗ࡞♳ࡾࡣ㸪CCU ࡢᝈ⪅⒪ຠᯝࢆᣢࡘࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺♳ࡾࡢຠ⏝ࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞◊✲᪉ἲ࡛ཝᐦ࡞ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠺◊✲ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ(Harris㸪 1999)ࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ◊✲ࡣ⌧ᛶஈࡋࡃ㸪ᐇ㦂ᑐ㇟ࡼࡗ࡚⤖ᯝࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺⌧ ≧ࡀ࠶ࡿ(Benor㸪1990)ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ♳ࡾࡢ᪉ἲࡸᑐ㇟⪅ࢆ㝈ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡣࡇࡢศ㔝ࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛ 㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࡇࢀࡲ࡛♳ࡾࡢ◊✲ࡣḢ⡿࡛┒ࢇ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢࡇࡢศ㔝 ࡢ◊✲ࡣࡲࡔࡲࡔ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ(⋢㸪2006)ࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚㸪᪥ᮏேࡢ᐀ ᩍ㛵ࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࡀྍ⬟ᛶࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋከࡃࡢ᪥ᮏேࡣ㸪᐀ᩍ㛵ࡍࡿ᫂☜࡞ព㆑ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪2008 ᖺࡢ⤫ィ᥎⌮◊✲ࡢㄪᰝࡽ᪥ᮏேࡀಙ௮ࢆ⮬ぬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀ 3 ࡛࠶ࡿሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࡶศࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ㸪ྂࡃࡽඵⓒࡢ⚄ࡢࡼ࠺ ᳃⨶㇟⚄ࡢⓎ⌧ࢆồࡵ㸪♳ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ⌧௦࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᐀ᩍព㆑ࡣᕼⷧ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ࠸࠼㸪 ึユࡣ⚄♫ཧᣏࡋ㸪♳ࡾ㸪ⴿ࡛ࡣࢆ๓ࡋ࡚♳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏேࡢ᰿ᗏࡣ㸪౫↛ࡋ࡚ ᐀ᩍᛶࡀᏑᅾࡋ㸪♳ࡿ࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࢆ₯ᅾⓗ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪᪥ᮏḢ⡿࡛ࡣ᐀ᩍほࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪♳ࡾ㛵ࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࡶ␗࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᮌ㇂(2002)ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏḢ⡿ࡢ᐀ᩍࡢ♳ࡾࢆᴫほࡋ㸪 ͆Ḣ⡿ࡢ◊✲࠾࠸࡚㸪♳ࡾࡣ၏୍⚄࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ┠ ぢ࠼࡞࠸≀ࢆάࡍ೧࡞ຊᑐࡋ࡚⾜࠺࠸࠺๓ᥦࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿ͇⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪Ḣ⡿ᑐࡋ࡚㸪᪥ᮏࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞♳ࡾࡢ 2 ᙧែࡋ࡚㸪ᡭࡊࡋࡼࡿ⒵ࡋඛ♽ࡸίᅵࡢ ♳ࡾࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ⒵ࡋࢆ⤂ࡋ㸪⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᡭࡊࡋࡣ㸪♳ࡾᡭࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⚄ࡢගࢆᝈ㒊ὀࡄ㸪 ᐀ᩍⓗᡭᙜ࡚ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ேࡣ⚄ࡸኳ࡞ࡢ፹࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿ࠸࠺ᛮࡀ๓ᥦ࡞ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ඛ♽ࡸίᅵࡢ♳ࡾࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪⮬ศࡑࢀࡽࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆᚓ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾ㸪༴ᶵ┤㠃ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᜍᛧ㸪Ᏻ㸪‶࡞ࡀྲྀࡾ㝖ࢀ㸪⢭⚄ࡢ⒵ ࡋࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞♳ࡾ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ᡭࡊࡋࡢ♳ࡾࡣ㸪♳ࡿ⪅♳ࡽࢀࡿ⪅ࡀ᫂☜タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 ࡑࡢ♳ࡾࡢෆᐜࡶᡭࡊࡋࡢ๓ᥦⓗᛮࡽ㸪⪅ࡢᩆ῭ࡰ㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ụ ⏣(2004)ࡀ㸪᪥ᮏࡢ᐀ᩍάື࠾࠸࡚㸪ᖥᮎᮇࡽ⌧௦ࡲ࡛⠵⏕ࡍࡿ୍⩌ࡢ᪂᐀ᩍࡣඹ㏻ࡋࡓ⏕ ⩏ⓗᩆ῭ほࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪㔠ගᩍ㸪ᮏᩍ㸪ኳ⌮ᩍ࡞ᡭࡊࡋࡼࡿ⒵ࡋࡣᩓぢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㏙ࡓ ࡇࡽࡶศࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢ᐀ᩍάືࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪ኳ⌮ᩍࡣࠕẼ┤ࡋࡢ᐀ᩍࠖゝࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ(ụ⏣㸪2004)ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪 ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞⒪࠸࠺ព࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪♳ࡾࡼࡿẼ┤ࡋ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋኳ⌮ᩍ࡛ࡣ㸪ேࠎࢆⱞᝎࡽᩆ ῭ࡍࡿࠕẼ┤ࡋࠖ࠸ࢃࢀࡿࡇࢆ᐀ᩍάືࡢᰕࡋ࡚⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࠋᇼ(1971)ࡣ㸪ኳ⌮ ᩍࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪂᐀ᩍ࠾ࡅࡿࠕẼ┤ࡋࠖࡣࢩ࣮࣐ࣕࢽࢫࢸࢵࢡ࡞ಙ௮⒪ࡢዲ࡛࠶ࡿ㏙࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ᖹᡂ 22 ᖺᗘࡢ᐀ᩍᖺ㚷ࡼࡿ㸪ኳ⌮ᩍࡣಙ⪅ᩘ⣙ 121 ே㸪ᩍᩘ 1 7 ༓వࡾࢆ᭷ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠᮇฟ⌧ࡋࡓ᪂⯆᐀ᩍ࡛࠶ࡿ㯮ఫᩍ(ಙ⪅ᩘ⣙ 30 ே)ࡸ㔠ගᩍ(ಙ⪅ᩘ⣙ 40 ே)ẚ ࡿᅜෆ࡛ࡣᕧ࡞᪂⯆᐀ᩍࡢ୍ࡘ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᚑࡗ࡚㸪⏕⩏ⓗᩆ῭ほࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪂᐀ᩍࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪ࡾࢃࡅኳ⌮ᩍࡣつᶍ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ ᩆ῭ほࡀᙉࡃ㸪ᡭࡊࡋࡢ♳ࡾ࡛ࡣ≉㸪⪅ࡢᩆ῭ࢆᙉࡃ㢪࠸㸪⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋኳ⌮ᩍ࠾ࡅࡿᡭࡊࡋࡢ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪♳ࡾࡢ᪉ἲࡀ㝈ᐃࡍ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪୍㈏ࡋࡓ♳ࡾ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᚑࡗ࡚㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ኳ⌮ᩍ࠾࠸࡚ᡭࡊࡋࡢ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪♳ࡾࡢయ⪅ ࡀ⢭⚄ⓗᗣࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿࢆ㸪ほⓗᖾ⚟ឤ࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࡽㄪᰝࡋࡓ࠸⪃࠼ࡿࠋ࡞ ࠾㸪 ࠕࡉ࡙ࡅࠖࡣ㸪ኳ⌮ᩍ࠾ࡅࡿ᐀ᩍ⾜Ⅽࡢ 1 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ேࡸࢣ࢞ே⚄ࢆ࠾ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ⒵࣭ ᅇࢆ♳ࡿ⾜Ⅽࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⇕ᚰ࡞ಙ⪅ࡀࡇࡢ㈨᱁ࢆḧࡋ࡚㸪ㅮ⩦ࢆཷࡅ㸪ࡑࡢ㈨᱁ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ௬ㄝࡋ࡚㸪♳ࡿ㛫ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡀ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ேほⓗᖾ⚟ឤࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪♳ࡾࢆ⾜࠺ᅇ ᩘࡀከ࠸ேほⓗᖾ⚟ឤࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿணࡍࡿࠋ ᪉ἲ ᑐ㇟⪅ ኳ⌮ᩍࡢಙ⪅ 297 ྡ(⏨ᛶ㸸109 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ㸸187 ྡ㸪ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 47.9 ṓ㸪SD=20.0)ࢆศᯒᑐ㇟ ࡋࡓࠋ498 㒊㓄ᕸࡋ㸪ᅇ⋡ࡣ 86.3%㸪᭷ຠᅇ⟅⋡ࡣ㸪59.6%࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢㄪᰝࡢᑐ㇟⪅ࡣ㸪ኳ ⌮ᩍ࠾࠸࡚ᡭࡊࡋࡢಙ௮ⓗ⒪࡛࠶ࡿࠕࡉ࡙ࡅࠖࢆ⾜࠺㈨᱁ࢆᚲせࡋࡓࠋ ᡭ⥆ࡁ ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⦕ᨾἲࢆ⏝࠸㸪㞟ྜㄪᰝ࡛ᅇࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ㄪᰝ㡯┠ 1)ࣇ࢙ࢫࢩ࣮ࢺ㸸ᛶู㸪ᖺ㱋㸪ಙ௮Ṕ(ࡉ࡙ࡅࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚ࡽࡢᖺᩘ)ࠋ2)♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ) 㛵ࡍࡿࡇ㸸᭱㏆୍ࣨ᭶࡛ࡢࡉ࡙ࡅࡢᅇᩘ㸪᭱㏆୍ࣨ᭶࡛ࡢࡉ࡙ࡅࡢᅇᩘᑐࡍࡿ⮬ᕫホ౯(1 ࡲࡗ ࡓࡃࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸪2.࠶ࡲࡾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸪3.ࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪4.ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪5.㢖⦾ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪 ࡢ 5 ௳ἲ)ࠋ3) ♳ࡿ㛫ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪ㸸ࡇࡢ㡯┠ࡢ ᐃࡣ㸪SD ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᙧᐜモᑐ ࡋ࡚ୖ࣭ᑠᯘ(1985)ࡢ୰ࡽ㸪ࡉ࡙ࡅ୰ࡢ⮬ᕫࡢ࣓࣮ࢪ㐺ࡍࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸺⮬ᕫほᛕ㸼㸺ࣃ ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸㄆ▱㸼ࡢ୧᪉ࡢ ᐃ᭷ຠ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㑅ᢥࡋࡓᙧᐜモᑐ ࢆ 7 ẁ㝵࡛ホᐃࡉࡏࡿࡇࡋࡓࠋ4) ほⓗᖾ⚟ឤ㛵ࡍࡿᑻᗘ㸸ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ఀ⸨࣭┦Ⰻ࣭ụ⏣࣭ ᕝᾆ(2003)ࡼࡗ࡚సᡂࡉࢀࡓほⓗᖾ⚟ឤᑻᗘ(15 㡯┠㸪4 ௳ἲ)ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘ࡛ࡣ㸪⮬ᕫ ࡢ⏕άᑐࡍࡿ‶㊊ឤࡽ࡞ࡿㄆ▱ⓗഃ㠃㸪࣏ࢪࢸࣈឤ࣭ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈឤࢆྵࡴឤⓗഃ㠃 ࡽࡽ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑐ㇟ࡣ㟷ᖺᮇࡽᡂேᮇࡲ࡛ᖜᗈࡃ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢᑻᗘࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡢಙ㢗ᛶ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪♫ே 1,005 ྡ(ዪᛶ 522 ྡ㸪⏨ᛶ 483 ྡ㸪ዪᛶࡢᖹᆒᖺ㱋 47.5 ṓ㸪⏨ᛶࡢᖹᆒᖺ㱋 50.1 ṓ)ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪I-T(㡯┠-ྜィᚓⅬ)┦㛵ࡢ್ࡣࡍ࡚ࡢ㡯 ┠࡛.55 ௨ୖࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋα ಀᩘࡢ್ࡣ.86 ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪‶㊊࡛ࡁࡿ್࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⤖ᯝ 1.ᑐ㇟⪅ࡢᖺ㱋ಙ௮Ṕࡢศᕸ ᑐ㇟⪅ࡢᖺ㱋ಙ௮Ṕ࠾ࡅࡿᗘᩘศᕸࢆ㸪Figure 1 Figure 2 ࡑࢀࡒࢀ♧ࡋࡓࠋ ᖺ㱋ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪M=47.9㸪SD=19.9㸪Min=18㸪Max=91 ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪20 ௦ࡀ≉ከࡃ㸪50 ௦ࡽ 60 ௦ࡅ࡚ࡢᑐ㇟⪅ࡀከࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ಙ௮Ṕ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪M=25.0㸪SD=17.4㸪Min=0.5㸪Max=68.0 ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪5 ᖺᮍ‶ࡢ⪅ࡀ≉ከࡗࡓࠋ୧⪅ࡶᶆ‽೫ᕪࡀ㠀ᖖ㧗ࡃ㸪ᖺ㱋ಙ௮Ṕࡤࡽࡘࡁ ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 㢖ᗘ(ே) 60 50 40 30 20 N=297 10 0 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 ᖺ㱋(ṓ) Figure 1. ᑐ㇟⪅ࡢᖺ㱋ࣄࢫࢺࢢ࣒ࣛ 70 60 50 㢖ᗘ(ே) N=297 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 ಙ௮Ṕ(ᖺ) Figure 2. ᑐ㇟⪅ࡢಙ௮Ṕࣄࢫࢺࢢ࣒ࣛ 70 2.ᅉ ᅉᏊศᯒࡼࡿ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢホ౯ḟඖࡢ≉ᐃ ᅉᏊศᯒࡼࡾ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢホ౯ḟඖࢆᢳฟࡋࡓࠋᅉᏊศᯒࢆ⾜࠺࠶ࡓࡾ㸪࠶ࡽࡌࡵ㏫㌿ 㡯┠࠾࠸࡚ࡣᚓⅬࡢ㏫㌿ฎ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ࡲࡎ㸪ᅉᏊᵓ㐀☜ㄆࡢࡓࡵ㸪♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢホᐃ࠾ࡅࡿ 20 㡯┠࡛㸪ኳຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ 1 㡯 ┠(┿㠃┠࡞̿ࡲࡌࡵ࡞)ࢆ㝖እࡋࡓ 19 㡯┠ࡢ᥈⣴ⓗᅉᏊศᯒ(ᅉᏊἲ㸪ࣉ࣐ࣟࢵࢡࢫᅇ㌿)ࢆ⾜ ࡗࡓࠋᅛ᭷್ࡸࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣉࣟࢵࢺࡽุ᩿ࡋ㸪3 ᅉᏊࡀጇᙜ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ3 ᅉᏊࡲ࡛ࡢ⣼✚ᐤ⋡ ࡣ 50.1%࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࡀ.35 ௨ୗࡢ 1 㡯┠(ᖾ࡞̿ᖾ⚟࡞)ࢆ㝖እࡋ㸪ᅉᏊᩘࢆ 3 ᅛᐃࡋ㸪 ᗘᅉᏊศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ Table 1 ♧ࡋࡓࠋ SD ἲ࡛ࡣ㸪ホ౯ᛶ㸪άືᛶ㸪ຊ㔞ᛶࡢ 3 ᅉᏊࡀᢳฟࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪 ࡇࢀࡽࡢ 3 ᅉᏊࡣ㸪ゝⴥࡢពࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ◊✲࡛᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡢᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢศ㔝࡛ ࡶ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ 3 ᅉᏊࢆ᫂☜ᢳฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸(ୖ࣭ᑠᯘ㸪1985)ࠋᚑࡗ࡚ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪 ࡑࢀࡽࡢᅉᏊࢆཧ⪃ࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᅉᏊࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ➨ 1 ᅉᏊࡣ㸪 ࠕࢃࡀࡲࡲ࡞̿ᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࡢ࠶ࡿࠖࡀ≉㧗࠸㈇Ⲵ㔞ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪⥆࠸࡚ࠕᙉ࡞̿⣲┤ ࡞ࠖ㸪ࠕぶษ࡞̿ぶษ࡞ࠖ࠸࠺ຊ㔞ᛶࡢᅉᏊഴྥ㡯┠࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋࡋ㸪ຊ㔞ᛶ࡛ࡣㄝ ᫂༑ศ࡞⾲⌧࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡵ㸪ᚑࡗ࡚㸪 ͆ᑐ㇟ࡢၿព͇ྡࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᅉᏊᚓⅬࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ ࡿ㸪♳ࡾࡢᑐ㇟⪅ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࡸඃࡋࡉ࠸ࡗࡓၿពⓗឤࢆࡼࡾᙉࡃឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ➨ 2 ᅉᏊࡣ㸪 ࠕ↓Ẽຊ࡞̿ពḧⓗ࡞ࠖࡸࠕάⓎ࡞̿άⓎ࡞ࠖ㸪 ࠕ㈐௵ࡢ࡞࠸̿㈐௵ࡢ࠶ࡿࠖ࠸ ࡗࡓάືᛶࡢᆺⓗ㡯┠ࡀ㧗࠸ᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕዲࡁ࡞̿᎘࠸࡞ࠖࡢ㡯┠ࡀከ㔜ຍࢆ♧ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࡇࡢ㡯┠ࢆ๐㝖ࡋ㸪ᅉᏊศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡁࡃᅉᏊᵓ㐀ࡀኚࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ṧࡋࡓࠋ ➨ 2 ᅉᏊࢆ͆ෆⓎⓗឤぬ͇ゎ㔘ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᅉᏊᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸㸪✚ᴟⓗ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)㛵ࡍ ࡿẼᣢࡕࡀ㧗࠸ࡇࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ➨ 3 ᅉᏊࡣ㸪 ࠕᬯ࠸̿᫂ࡿ࠸ࠖ㸪 ࠕ㝜Ẽ࡞̿㝧Ẽ࡞ࠖ㸪 ࠕ⑂ࢀࡓ̿ඖẼ࡞ࠖ࠸࠺㡯┠ࡀ㸪㧗࠸ᅉᏊ㈇ Ⲵ㔞ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋホ౯ᛶࡢᆺⓗ㡯┠ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚㸪 ͆ឤぬⓗᚰᆅⰋࡉ͇ྡࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ ᅉᏊᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸㸪♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࡼࡾᚰᆅࡼ࠸ឤࡌࡿᗘྜ࠸ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿࠋ ⥆࠸࡚㸪ෆⓗᩚྜᛶࡢ☜ㄆࡢࡓࡵ㸪 Șಀᩘࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋ㡯┠య࡛Ș=.91㸪➨ 1 ᅉᏊ͆ᑐ㇟ ࡢၿព͇࡛Ș=.83㸪➨ 2 ᅉᏊ͆ෆⓎⓗឤぬ͇࡛Ș=.82㸪➨ 3 ᅉᏊ͆ឤぬⓗᚰᆅⰋࡉ͇࡛ Ș=.81 ࡞ ࡾ㸪༑ศ࡞ಙ㢗ᛶࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ Table 1 ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢホ౯ḟඖࡢᅉᏊศᯒ⤖ᯝ(ᅉᏊἲ㸪ࣉ࣐ࣟࢵࢡࢫᅇ㌿) 1 ➨ 1ᅉ Ꮚ 㸸 ᑐ ㇟ ࡢ ၿ ព (α =.83) 7. ࢃࡀࡲࡲ࡞-ᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࡢ࠶ࡿ* 6. ᙉ࡞-⣲┤࡞* 2 3 .81 .69 .11 -.11 -.18 .02 11. 8. 10. 9. ぶษ࡞-ぶษ࡞* ࡓ࠸-ࡸࢃࡽ࠸* .61 .61 .17 -.24 .01 .28 ᝏ࠸-Ⰻ࠸ .45 .20 .17 ⴠࡕ╔ࡁࡢ࡞࠸-ⴠࡕ╔࠸ࡓ ➨ 2ᅉ Ꮚ 㸸 ෆ Ⓨ ⓗ ឤ ぬ (α= .82) .41 .30 -.01 4. 5. 1. 12. 14. 13. ↓Ẽຊ࡞-ពḧⓗ࡞ -.05 .84 -.09 άⓎ࡞-άⓎ࡞ -.31 .75 .22 ㈐௵ࡢ࡞࠸-㈐௵ࡢ࠶ࡿ Ẽᣢࡕࡢᝏ࠸-ẼᣢࡕࡢⰋ࠸ ᙅ࠸-ᙉ࠸* .13 .24 .10 .65 .46 .42 -.30 .12 .16 ᎘࠸࡞-ዲࡁ࡞ .15 .36 .35 ᬯ࠸-᫂ࡿ࠸* -.04 -.03 .78 㝜Ẽ࡞-㝧Ẽ࡞* -.02 .11 .70 ⑂ࢀࡓ-ඖẼ࡞* .01 -.14 .70 ཝࡋ࠸-ඃࡋ࠸* .30 -.22 .41 ぶࡋࡳࡃ࠸-ぶࡋࡳࡃ࠸ ෭ࡓ࠸-ᬮ࠸* .04 .31 .29 .16 .39 .36 ➨ 3ᅉ Ꮚ 㸸 ឤ ぬ ⓗ ᚰ ᆅ Ⰻ ࡉ (α= .81) 3. 20. 2. 16. 17. 19. ᅉᏊ㛫┦㛵 1 .65 .65 1 .68 1 *ࡣ㏫㌿㡯┠ 3..ほⓗᖾ⚟ឤᑻᗘࡢᅉᏊศᯒᇶ࡙ࡃ㡯┠ࡢ≉ᐃ ᅉᏊศᯒࡼࡾほⓗᖾ⚟ឤᑻᗘࡢᅉᏊࢆᢳฟࡋࡓࠋᅉᏊศᯒࢆ⾜࠺࠶ࡓࡾ㸪࠶ࡽࡌࡵ㏫㌿ 㡯┠࠾࠸࡚ࡣᚓⅬࡢ㏫㌿ฎ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ࡲࡎ㸪ᅉᏊᵓ㐀☜ㄆࡢࡓࡵ㸪ほⓗᖾ⚟ほᑻᗘ࠾ࡅࡿ 15 㡯┠࡛㸪ኳຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ 2 㡯┠ (12㸸⮬ศࡢே⏕ࡣពࡀ࡞࠸ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸪14㸸ࡶࡢࡈࡀᛮ࠺ࡼ࠺㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡛ࡶ࠶ ࡞ࡓࡣࡑࡢ≧ἣ㐺ษᑐฎ࡛ࡁࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ)ࢆ㝖እࡋࡓ 13 㡯┠࡛᥈⣴ⓗᅉᏊศᯒ(᭱ᑬἲ㸪ࣉ ࣐ࣟࢵࢡࢫᅇ㌿)ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᅛ᭷್ࡸࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣉࣟࢵࢺࡽุ᩿ࡋ㸪2 ᅉᏊᵓ㐀ࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓࠋࠋ2 ᅉ Ꮚࡲ࡛ࡢ⣼✚ᐤ⋡ࡣ 46.6%࡛࠶ࡾ㸪2 ᅉᏊࡀ㡯┠ࢆ༑ศㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࡀ.35 ௨ୗࡢ 1 㡯┠(6㸸ᑗ᮶ࡢࡇࡀᚰ㓄࡛ࡍ)ࢆ㝖እࡋ㸪ᅉᏊᩘࢆ 2 ᅛᐃࡋ㸪ᗘᅉᏊศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ ⤖ᯝࢆ Table 2 ⾲ࡋࡓࠋ Table 2 ほⓗᖾ⚟ឤᑻᗘࡢᅉᏊศᯒ⤖ᯝ(᭱ᑬἲ㸪ࣉ࣐ࣟࢵࢡࢫᅇ㌿) 1 2 .78 -.15 .70 .01 .56 .52 .07 .06 .43 .11 .36 .35 .10 .25 -.13 -.05 .86 .74 .21 .15 .12 .54 .53 .45 ➨ 1ᅉ Ꮚ 㸸 ☜ ಙ ⓗ ᐇ ឤ (α =.77) 13. ༴ᶵⓗ࡞≧ἣ㸦ே⏕ࢆ≬ࢃࡍࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ㸧ฟࡗࡓࡁࠊ⮬ศࡀຬẼࢆ ᣢࡗ࡚ࡑࢀ❧ࡕྥࡗ࡚ゎỴࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡿ࠸࠺⮬ಙࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ 11. ࡢㄪᏊ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡅࡤࠊࡇࢀࡽ㉳ࡁࡿࡇࡶᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ⮬ಙࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍ 9. ⮬ศࡀࡸࢁ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡣࡸࡾࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ 10. ⮬ศࡀࡲࢃࡾࡢ⎔ቃ୍యࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊḞࡏ࡞࠸୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ᡤᒓ ឤࢆឤࡌࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ 15. ⮬ศࡀே㢮࠸࠺ࡁ࡞ᐙ᪘ࡢ୍ဨࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ႐ࡧࢆឤࡌࡿࡇࡀ࠶ ࡾࡲࡍ 7. ᮇᚅ㏻ࡾࡢ⏕άỈ‽ࡸ♫ⓗᆅࢆᡭධࢀࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ 1. ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⛬ᗘᡂຌࡋࡓࡾฟୡࡋࡓឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ ➨ 2ᅉ Ꮚ 㸸 ே ⏕ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ‶ ㊊ ឤ (α=.79) 4. 㐣ཤẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ⏕άࡣ 5. ࡇࡇᩘᖺࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࢆయⓗぢ࡚ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡣࡢ⛬ᗘᖾࡏࢆឤࡌ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍ 3. ࠶࡞ࡓࡣே⏕ࡀ㠃ⓑ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ 8. 㠀ᖖᙉ࠸ᖾ⚟ឤࢆឤࡌࡿ▐㛫ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ 2. ⮬ศࡢே⏕ࡣ㏥ᒅࡔ㠃ⓑࡃ࡞࠸ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ* ᅉᏊ㛫┦㛵 1 .62 ࠉࠉࠉ 1 *ࡣ㏫㌿㡯┠ ఀ⸨(2003)ࢆཧ⪃㸪ྛᅉᏊࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ➨ 1 ᅉᏊࡣࠕ13㸸༴ᶵⓗ࡞≧ἣ(ே⏕ࢆ≬ࢃࡍࡼ࠺࡞ ࡇ)ฟࡗࡓࡁ㸪⮬ศࡀຬẼࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡑࢀ❧ࡕྥࡗ࡚ゎỴࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡿ࠸࠺⮬ಙࡀ࠶ࡾࡲ ࡍࠖࡸࠕ11㸸ࡢㄪᏊ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡅࡤ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ㉳ࡁࡿࡇࡶᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ⮬ಙࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠖ ࡢ㡯┠ࡀ㧗࠸ᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ఀ⸨(2003)ࡢୗᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ͆⮬ಙ୍͇⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࠕ9㸸⮬ศࡀࡸࢁ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡣࡸࡾ㐙ࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠖ㸪ࠕ10㸸⮬ศࡀࡲࢃࡾࡢ⎔ቃ୍య ࡋ࡚࠸࡚㸪Ḟࡏ࡞࠸୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ᡤᒓឤࢆឤࡌࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠖ࡞ே⏕ᑐࡍࡿ ᐇឤࢆ࠶ࡽࢃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㡯┠ࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚㸪➨ 1 ᅉᏊࢆ͆☜ಙⓗᐇឤ͇ゎ㔘ࡋࡓࠋࡇ ࡢᅉᏊࡀ㧗࠸ᚓⅬࢆ♧ࡍ㸪ே⏕ᐇࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺⮬ಙࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪༴ᶵᑐࡋ࡚ᑐฎ ࡛ࡁࡿᗘྜ࠸ࡶ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡶᖾ⚟ឤࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ➨ 2 ᅉᏊࡣ㸪 ࠕ4㸸㐣ཤẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㸪⌧ᅾࡢ⏕άࡣࠖࡸࠕ5㸸ࡇࡇᩘᖺࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࢆయⓗぢ ࡚㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡣࡢ⛬ᗘᖾࡏࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠖࡢ㡯┠ࡀ㧗࠸ᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣఀ⸨ࡽ (2003)ࡢୗᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ͆ே⏕ᑐࡍࡿ๓ྥࡁ࡞Ẽᣢࡕ(‶㊊ឤ)୍͇⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠ ⥆࠸࡚㸪 ࠕ3㸸࠶࡞ࡓࡣே⏕ࡀ㠃ⓑ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠖ㸪 ࠕ8㸸㠀ᖖᙉ࠸ᖾ⚟ឤࢆឤࡌࡿ▐㛫ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ ࠖࡀẚ㍑ⓗ㧗࠸㈇Ⲵ㔞ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋయⓗぢ࡚㸪ே⏕ᑐࡍࡿ‶㊊ឤࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᚑࡗ࡚㸪➨ 2 ᅉᏊࢆ͆ே⏕ᑐࡍࡿ‶㊊ឤ͇ྡࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᅉᏊࡀ㧗࠸ᚓⅬࢆ♧ࡍ㸪⌧ᅾࡢ ே⏕ᑐࡋ࡚࠶ࡲࡾᝒほⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪‶㊊ឤࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ᑻᗘయྛୗᑻᗘ࠾ࡅࡿಙ㢗ᛶࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᑻᗘయ࡛ Ș=.84㸪➨ 1 ᅉᏊ͆☜ ಙⓗᐇឤ͇࡛Ș=.77㸪➨ 2 ᅉᏊ͆ே⏕ᑐࡍࡿ‶㊊ឤ͇࡛ Ș=.79 ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪༑ศ࡞ಙ㢗ᛶࡀ☜ㄆࡉ ࢀࡓࠋ 4 ┦㛵ศᯒ ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢ 3 ࡘࡢホ౯ḟඖ(ᑐ㇟ࡢၿព㸪ෆⓎⓗឤぬ㸪ឤぬⓗᚰᆅⰋࡉ)ࡢᚓⅬほⓗᖾ⚟ ឤᑻᗘᚓⅬ㸪ほⓗᖾ⚟ឤୗᑻᗘᚓⅬ(☜ಙⓗᐇឤ㸪ே⏕ᑐࡍࡿ‶㊊ឤ)㸪♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢᅇᩘ ᅇᩘࡢ⮬ᕫホ౯ᚓⅬ㸪ಙ௮Ṕ㸪ᖺ㱋࡛┦㛵ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ Table 3 ♧ࡋࡓࠋ ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢ 3 ࡘࡢホ౯ḟඖ࡛࠶ࡿᑐ㇟ࡢၿព㸪ෆⓎⓗឤぬ㸪ឤぬⓗᚰᆅⰋࡉほⓗᖾ⚟ ឤ㸪ࡑࡢୗᑻᗘ(☜ಙⓗᐇឤ㸪ே⏕ᑐࡍࡿ‶㊊ឤ)ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ ≉ෆⓎⓗឤぬ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢホ౯ḟඖẚ࡚ᙉ࠸┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ(r=.372㸪.328㸪.334)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪♳ ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢᅇᩘほⓗᖾ⚟ឤࡣ᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡉ࡙ࡅࡢᅇᩘᑐࡍ ࡿ⮬ᕫホ౯ほⓗᖾ⚟ឤ㸪ୗᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ☜ಙⓗᐇឤ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᙅ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ (r=.167㸪.198)ࠋᖺ㱋㸪ಙ௮Ṕ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪☜ಙⓗᐇឤࡢࡳ᭷ពᙅ࠸┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ(r=.129㸪.171)ࠋ ࡉ࡙ࡅࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢホ౯ḟඖ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢᅇᩘ࣭⮬ᕫホ౯ࡶ᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡉࡽ㸪ಙ௮Ṕᖺ㱋㠀ᖖᙉ࠸┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀ(r=.907)㸪ຍ࠼࡚㸪♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢᅇᩘࡑࡢ⮬ ᕫホ౯ࡶᙉ࠸┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ(r=.493)ࠋ 5.ࡉ࡙ࡅࡢ 3 ᅉᏊࡀほⓗᖾ⚟ឤཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡢ᳨ウ ┦㛵ศᯒ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࢆࡶ㸪ᇶ‽ኚᩘほⓗᖾ⚟ឤ㸪☜ಙⓗᐇឤ㸪ே⏕ᑐࡍࡿ‶㊊ ឤ㸪ㄝ᫂ኚᩘᑐ㇟ࡢၿព㸪ෆⓎⓗឤぬ㸪ឤぬⓗᚰᆅⰋࡉࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀタᐃࡋ㸪ྛሙྜ࠾࠸࡚㔜 ᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ Table 4 ♧ࡋࡓࠋ ෆⓎⓗឤぬࡀ㸪ほⓗᖾ⚟ឤᑐࡋ࡚⾲ࡋࡓ್ࡣ β=.243㸪R2=.155㸪☜ಙⓗ‶㊊ឤᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ β=.228㸪 R2=.124㸪ே⏕ᑐࡍࡿ‶㊊ឤࡣ㸪β=.215㸪R2=.124 ࡛㸪ࡍ࡚᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ Table 3 ┦㛵⾜ิ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. ほⓗᖾ⚟ほ 䇲㻌 2. ☜ಙⓗᐇឤ .89 ** 䇲 3. ே⏕ᑐࡍࡿ‶㊊ឤ .86 ** .55 ** 䇲 .31 ** .24 ** .29 ** 䇲 5. ෆⓎⓗឤぬ .37 ** .33 ** .33 ** .66 ** 䇲 6. ឤぬⓗᚰᆅⰋࡉ .34 ** .31 ** .29 ** .66 ** .66 7. ᖺ㱋 .01 .13 * -.09 -.17 -.09 -.10 䇲 8. ಙ௮Ṕ .05 .17 ** -.05 -.11 -.01 -.04 .91 4. ᑐ㇟ࡢၿព 9. ᅇᩘ .09 10. ᅇᩘ(⮬ᕫホ౯) .17 .07 ** .20 ** .07 .15 ** .11 .15 ** ** .19 ** .24 ** 8 9 10 䇲 ** 䇲 .14 * -.08 -.02 䇲 .17 ** .05 .08 .49 ** 䇲 ** * P <.01 P <.05 Table 4 㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡼࡿࡉ࡙ࡅࡢ 3 ᅉᏊࡀほⓗᖾ⚟ឤཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡢ᳨ウ ᑐ㇟ࡢၿព ෆⓎⓗឤぬ ឤぬⓗᚰᆅⰋࡉ ỴᐃಀᩘR 2 ほⓗᖾ⚟ほ .14 .24 ** .06 *** .16 *** ☜ಙⓗᐇឤ -.03 .23 * .18 * .12 *** .09 * .09 .12 *** ே⏕ᑐࡍࡿ‶㊊ឤ .22 *** p <.001ࠉ** p <.01ࠉ* p <.05 Table 5 㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡼࡿಙ௮Ṕ㸪ࡉ࡙ࡅࡢᅇᩘ㸪⮬ᕫホ౯ࡀ☜ಙⓗᐇឤཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡢ᳨ウ ☜ಙⓗᐇឤ ỴᐃಀᩘR 2 ಙ௮Ṕ ᅇᩘ ᅇᩘ(⮬ᕫホ౯) .155*** -.099 .195** .063*** *** p <.001ࠉ** p <.01ࠉ* p <.05 6ࡉ࡙ࡅࡢᅇᩘ㸪ࡉ࡙ࡅࡢᅇᩘ⮬ᕫホ౯㸪ಙ௮Ṕࡀほⓗᖾ⚟ឤཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡢ᳨ウ ࡲࡓ㸪ᇶ‽ኚᩘほⓗᖾ⚟ឤ㸪ෆⓎⓗឤぬ㸪ே⏕ᑐࡍࡿ‶㊊ឤ㸪ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢ ᅇᩘ㸪♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢᅇᩘ(⮬ᕫホ౯)㸪ಙ௮Ṕࢆタᐃࡋ㸪㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ᭷ព࡞ᙳ㡪ࡀぢࡽࢀ ࡓࡢࡣ㸪ᇶ‽ኚᩘෆⓎⓗឤぬタᐃࡋࡓࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ Table 5 ♧ࡋࡓࠋෆⓎ ⓗឤぬࡀ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢᅇᩘ(⮬ᕫホ౯)ᑐࡋ࡚⾲ࡋࡓ್ࡣ㸪β=.193㸪ಙ௮Ṕᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪β=.155 ࡛ ࡶ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓỴᐃಀᩘࡣ R2=.063 ࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ⪃ᐹ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪ኳ⌮ᩍ࠾ࡅࡿᡭࡊࡋࡢ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢ♳ࡾࡀయ⪅ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗ ᗣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࢆ㸪ほⓗᖾ⚟ឤ࠸࠺࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ഃ㠃ࡽㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ ࡗࡓࠋ௬ㄝࡋ࡚㸪ձ♳ࡿ㛫ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡀ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ேほⓗᖾ⚟ឤࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ղࡉ࡙ࡅ ࢆ⾜࠺ᅇᩘࡀከ࠸ேほⓗᖾ⚟ឤࡀ㧗࠸ࡇࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪௬ㄝձࡶ௬ㄝղࡶ 㒊ศⓗᨭᣢࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡲࡎ㸪ᑐ㇟⪅㛵ࡋ࡚㸪Figure 1 ࡼࡾ㸪Ḟᦆ್ࡢ࡞࠸᭷ຠᅇ⟅ࡢከࡗࡓᑐ㇟⪅ࡀ 20 ௦㞟୰ࡋ ࡓࡓࡵ㸪20 ௦ࡢᗘᩘࡀከࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Figure 2 ࡼࡾ㸪ಙ௮Ṕ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪2~3 ᖺ ࡢᗘᩘࡀከ࠸⌮⏤ࡣ㸪♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚ࡽ㛫ࡶ࡞࠸ 20 ௦ࡢᑐ㇟⪅ࡀከ࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿࠋ ௬ㄝձ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪Table 3~5 ࡼࡾ㸪♳ࡾࡢయ⪅ࡢෆⓎⓗឤぬࡀ㸪ほⓗᖾ⚟ឤࡑࡢୗᑻᗘ࡛ ࠶ࡿ☜ಙⓗᐇឤ㸪ே⏕ᑐࡍࡿ‶㊊ឤࡢࡍ࡚᭷ពᙳ㡪ࡋ㸪ࡍ࡚ᙅ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶྠ⛬ᗘࡢ ᙳ㡪ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࡸࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿឤぬ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⮬ࡽ✚ᴟⓗࡘ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞ឤぬ࡛♳ࡾࢆ⾜࠺ 㸪ே⏕ࡀᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢ⮬ಙࡀ㧗ࡲࡾ㸪ே⏕‶㊊ឤࢆ࠼㸪ᖾ⚟࡛࠶ࡿឤࡌࡿྍ⬟ ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚㸪♳ࡿ㛫ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡀ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ேほⓗᖾ⚟ឤࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ࠸ ࠺௬ㄝࡣ୍㒊࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᨭᣢࡉࢀࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢホ౯ḟඖ࠾ࡅࡿ 3 ᅉᏊࡢ୰ ࡛㸪ෆⓎⓗឤぬࡢࡳࡀ᭷ពᙳ㡪ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚㸪ศᯒ࠾࠸࡚ᅉᏊ㛫┦㛵ࡢ㧗࠸ᅉᏊࢆᢞධࡋࡓ ࡇࡼࡿከ㔜ඹ⥺ᛶࡼࡿṍࡳࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪ෆⓎⓗឤぬᙅ ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶ᭷ព࡞ᙳ㡪ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡇࡣ㸪╔┠ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢ⪅ᩆ῭࠸࠺┠ⓗ ࡽࡍࡿ㸪3 ᅉᏊࡢ࡞࡛ᑐ㇟ࡢၿពᙳ㡪ࡀぢࡽࢀࡎ㸪ෆⓎⓗឤぬᙳ㡪ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ࠸࠺ ࡇࡣ㸪♳ࡾࡀ⪅ᩆ῭ࡢᡭẁ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࢀ⮬యࡀ┠ⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪♳ ࡾࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡀෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⮬ศࡢ⢭⚄≧ែࢆ㧗ࡵࡿᡭẁ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋゝ࠸࠼ࡿ㸪⪅ࡢⅭ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⮬ࡽࡢⅭ♳ࡾࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪 ឤぬⓗᚰᆅࡼࡉࡣᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡉ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡽ㸪♳ࡾࡢ㛫ᚰᆅࡼ࠸࠸ࡗࡓឤぬ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪♳ ࡾᑐࡋ࡚✚ᴟⓗ㛵ࡍࡿឤぬࡢ᪉ࡀᙉ࠸ࡇࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ௬ㄝձࡀ୍㒊ࡋᨭᣢࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚㸪᪉ἲㄽࡢၥ㢟ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ SD ἲ ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪♳ࡾ୰ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࢆ ᐃࡋࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࡀ㸪♳ࡿ⪅ࡢᩆ῭ほࡀ༢࣏ࢪࢸࣈ-ࢿ࢞ࢸ ࣈ࠸ࡗࡓឤぬ࡛ࡣ ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ௬ㄝղ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪♳ࡾࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢᅇᩘ⮬యࡣ☜ಙⓗᐇឤ᭷ព࡞ᙳ㡪ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪 ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢᅇᩘᑐࡍࡿ⮬ᕫホ౯ࡀほⓗᖾ⚟ឤࡢୗᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ☜ಙⓗᐇឤᙅ࠸࡞ࡀࡽ ࡶ᭷ព࡞ᙳ㡪ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋᚑࡗ࡚㸪♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ࡅ)ࡢᅇᩘ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࢀᑐࡍࡿ⮬ᕫホ౯ࡀ㸪ほ ⓗᖾ⚟ឤࡢୗᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ☜ಙⓗᐇឤᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ㸪௬ㄝղࡣ㒊ศⓗ࡛ࡣ ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᨭᣢࡉࢀࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᐈほⓗ࡞♳ࡾࡢᅇᩘࡼࡾࡶ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡀ♳ࡾࢆ㢖⦾⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢឤぬࡀ㸪⮬ᕫࡢே⏕ᑐࡍࡿᐇឤᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪 ♳ࡾࡀᅇᩘࢆ㔜ࡡࢀࡤ㸪Ⰻ࠸ຠᯝࢆཬࡰࡍࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋḢ⡿ࡢ ඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂ⓗฎ㐝ࡼࡾ㸪ᐇ㦂⩌ࡣ♳ࡾࡢᅇᩘ㸪㛫࡞ࢆᣦᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪୍㈏ࡋࡓ ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪♳ࡾࡢ⾲㠃ⓗ࡞ᙧᘧⓗഃ㠃ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㔜せ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪♳ࡾࡢ୰㌟ࡀ ♳ࡾࡢຠᯝࡼࡾᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⏕⩏ⓗᩆ῭ほࢆᣢࡗࡓኳ⌮ᩍࡢ୰ࡢ⪅ᩆ῭⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿᡭࡊࡋࡢ♳ࡾ㸪 ࡑࡢయࡢ⢭⚄ⓗᗣࡢ㛵㐃࠸࠺㸪♳ࡾࡢ᪉ἲᑐ㇟⪅ࡀ㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡓ୰࡛ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡋ ࡋ㸪ୖグ࡛♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺㸪᪉ἲㄽ⮬యၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡶ☜ࡔࡀ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶ♳ࡾࡢ㛫㸪⪅ᩆ῭ ࢆᛕࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡣᮏㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋኳ⌮ᩍ࠾ࡅࡿᡭࡊࡋࡢ♳ࡾ(ࡉ࡙ ࡅ)ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ⮬య㸪⪅ᩆ῭ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ♳ࡾࡢ㛫ᚲࡎࡋࡶ⪅ ࢆᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ⋢(2006)ࡣ㸪♳ࡾࡘ࠸࡚᐀ᩍᏛⓗ࣭ဴᏛⓗ࣭ ᩥᏛⓗ࡞ᐃ⩏ࢆᴫほࡋ㸪⪃ᐹࡍࡿ୰࡛㸪♳ࡿࡇࡼࡾಶேࡀ⊂❧ࡋࡓᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡾࡘࡘࡶ㸪ᑐ❧ࢆ ㉸࠼ࡓḟඖ࡛ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ㸪୍య࡞ࡿ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪♳ࡿࡇࡼࡾ⮬ᕫࢆ㉸࠼ࡓఱ㸪ࡘ ࡲࡾ᐀ᩍ࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤫ྜࡍࡿࡇࢆ㏙࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚㸪⮬ᕫࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡶࡢࡢ୍యឤ ࢆ♳ࡾࡢ㛫ᐃࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᡭࡊࡋࡢ♳ࡾ࠾࠸࡚㸪య⪅ࡀࡑࡢ⾜Ⅽ୰ᐃࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡇࡣ㸪⪅ᩆ ῭ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪⚄ࡢ୍యឤ࡞㸪ࡢせᅉࡀ」㞧⤡ࡳྜࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪༢୍࡞ᑻᗘ࡛ࡣ ᐃࡍࡿࡢ ࡣ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ㝈⏺ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ᚋៅ㔜◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᚋࡢᒎᮃ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪♳ࡾ♳ࡿయ⪅ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗᗣࡢ㛵㐃ࢆㄪᰝ◊✲࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࡀ㸪♳ࡾࡢຠᯝ ࢆཝᐦ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂ⓗ◊✲ࡼࡾ⦪᩿ⓗㄪᰝࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪 ♳ࡾࢆ⾜࠺ಶேᑐࡋ࡚㸪㠃᥋ἲ࡞ࢆ⏝࠸㸪♳ࡿ⮳ࡗࡓືᶵࡸࡑࡢ㐣⛬࠸ࡗࡓ㸪♳ࡾࡢࣉࣟ ࢭࢫࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪♳ࡿࡇࢆከ㠃ⓗᤊ࠼㸪᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿࠋ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Benor, D.J. (1990). Survey of spiritual healing research㸪Complementary Medical Research㸪4 (3)㸪9-33. Byrd, R. C. (1988). Positive therapeutic effects of intercessory prayer in a coronary care unit population Southern Medical Journal㸪81㸪826-829. ᩥᗇᩥ㒊᐀ົㄢ (2010). ᐀ᩍᖺ㚷 ᖹᡂ 22 ᖺᗘ∧ ࡂࡻ࠺ࡏ࠸ Harris, W. S.㸪Gowda㸪M.㸪Kolb. J.㸪Strychacz㸪C.㸪Vacek㸪J.㸪jones㸪P.㸪Forker㸪A.㸪O’keefe㸪J. and McCallister㸪B. (1999). A randomized㸪controlled trial of the effects of remote㸪intercessory prayer on outcomes in patients admitted to the coronary care unit㸪Archives of Internal Medicine㸪159㸪 2273-2278. ᇼ ୍㑻 (1971). ᪥ᮏࡢࢩ࣮࣐ࣕࢽࢬ࣒ ㅮㄯ♫ ୖṇ࣭᫂ᑠᯘᐉ (1985). ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ SD ἲࡼࡿ◊✲ศ㔝ࡑࡢᙧᐜモᑐᑻᗘᵓᡂࡢᴫほ ᩍ ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲㸪33㸪253-260. ఀ⸨⿱Ꮚ࣭┦Ⰻ㡰Ꮚ࣭ụ⏣ᨻᏊ࣭ᕝᾆᗣ⮳ (2003). ほⓗᖾ⚟ឤᑻᗘࡢసᡂಙ㢗ᛶ࣭ጇᙜᛶࡢ᳨ ウ ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲㸪74㸪276-281. ụ⏣ኈ㑻 (2004). ࡽࡔࡢࢥࢫࣔࣟࢪ࣮-୰ᒣࡳࡁࡢ㌟యほ- ኳ⌮Ꮫேయ⛉Ꮫ 13㸪23-40. Jung, C. G. (1964). Man and His Symbols. London: Aldus Books Limited. (ࣘࣥࢢ C.G. Ἑྜ㞙㞝 (ヂ) (1975). ே㛫㇟ᚩ̿↓ព㆑ࡢୡ⏺̿Ἑฟ᭩ᡣ᪂♫) ᮌ㇂ோ⨾ (2002). ♳ࡾࡼࡿ⒴ᝈ⪅ ཬࡧ ᐙ᪘ᑐࡍࡿࢫࣆࣜࢳࣗࣝࢣࡢ◊✲ ி㒔ᏛᏛ 㝔ே㛫࣭⎔ቃᏛ◊✲⛉ Journal of International Society of Life Information Science㸪20㸪471-472. ⋢ ோ (2006). ♳ࡾࡀே࠼ࡿຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲ ࣔࣛࣟࢪ࣮◊✲ 58㸪 25-75. Waldfogel, S.(1997). Spirituality in medicine㸪Primary Care;Clinics in Office Practice㸪24㸪963-975.